See ḱer- in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*ḱerh₂-",
"alt": "*ḱer-h₂-",
"nolb": "1",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? *ḱer-h₂-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": ">? *ḱer-h₂-"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ḱreh₁-eh₂yé-ti"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Italic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "creō"
},
"expansion": "Latin: creō",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: creō (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ḱreh₁-sḱé-ti"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Italic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "crēscō"
},
"expansion": "Latin: crēscō",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: crēscō (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ḱreh₁-sro-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Italic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "crēber"
},
"expansion": "Latin: crēber",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: crēber (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ḱór-o-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": "*kóros"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic: *kóros",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic: *kóros"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "κόρος"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: κόρος (kóros)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: κόρος (kóros)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ḱor-wo-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": "*kórwos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic: *kórwos\nAncient Greek: κόρος (kóros)\nDoric Greek: κῶρος (kôros)\nIonic Greek: κοῦρος (koûros)\nMycenaean Greek: 𐀒𐀺 (ko-wo /kórwos/)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic: *kórwos\nAncient Greek: κόρος (kóros)\nDoric Greek: κῶρος (kôros)\nIonic Greek: κοῦρος (koûros)\nMycenaean Greek: 𐀒𐀺 (ko-wo /kórwos/)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ḱer-ēs (< **ḱer-es-s)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*Kerēs"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *Kerēs",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *Kerēs (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Unsorted formations:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Armenian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xcl",
"2": "սեր"
},
"expansion": "Old Armenian: սեր (ser)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "possibly"
},
"expansion": "(possibly)",
"name": "qual"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Armenian: սեր (ser), սերեմ (serem), սերիմ (serim), սեռ (seṙ), սերմն (sermn), (possibly) սերտ (sert) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*hirsijô"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *hirsijô",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *hirsijô"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "hirso",
"gloss": "millet"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: hirso (“millet”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: hirso (“millet”) (see there for further descendants)"
}
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "ḱerh₁-",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "ḱreh₁-",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/ḱer-",
"pos": "root",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to grow, to make grow, to nourish"
],
"id": "en-ḱer--ine-pro-root-ine_pro:grow",
"links": [
[
"grow",
"grow"
],
[
"nourish",
"nourish"
]
],
"senseid": [
"ine-pro:grow"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "ḱer-"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ḱr̥H-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "thur"
},
"expansion": "Albanian: thur",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Albanian: thur"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ḱr̥-ti-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Armenian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xcl",
"2": "սարդ"
},
"expansion": "Old Armenian: սարդ (sard)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Armenian: սարդ (sard) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ḱorH-ko-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sqj-pro",
"2": "*tsarka"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Albanian: *tsarka",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Albanian: *tsarka"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "thark"
},
"expansion": "Albanian: thark",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Albanian: thark"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ḱr̥s-tí-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Balto-Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*sьrstь"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic: *sьrstь",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Slavic: *sьrstь (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Unsorted formations:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Armenian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xcl",
"2": "սարիք",
"3": "սարք"
},
"expansion": "Old Armenian: սարիք (sarikʻ), սարք (sarkʻ)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Armenian: սարիք (sarikʻ), սարք (sarkʻ)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Hellenic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "καῖρος"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: καῖρος (kaîros)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: καῖρος (kaîros)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Indo-Iranian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Indo-Aryan:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "शृङ्खल"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: शृङ्खल (śṛṅkhala)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: शृङ्खल (śṛṅkhala) (see there for further descendants)"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/ḱer-",
"pos": "root",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "21 44 0 35",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "18 68 0 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 69 0 20",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European CeR-shaped roots",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 77 0 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 86 0 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European homonymic roots",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 86 0 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European roots",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to plait, weave"
],
"id": "en-ḱer--ine-pro-root-ine_pro:plait",
"links": [
[
"plait",
"plait"
],
[
"weave",
"weave"
]
],
"senseid": [
"ine-pro:plait"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"rope, string"
],
"id": "en-ḱer--ine-pro-root-oabCltQc",
"links": [
[
"rope",
"rope"
],
[
"string",
"string"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "ḱer-"
}
{
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/ḱer-",
"pos": "root",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"alternative reconstruction of *ḱerh₂-"
],
"id": "en-ḱer--ine-pro-root-vxUGutqy",
"links": [
[
"*ḱerh₂-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/ḱerh₂-"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "ḱer-"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Indo-European CeR-shaped roots",
"Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Indo-European homonymic roots",
"Proto-Indo-European lemmas",
"Proto-Indo-European roots"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*ḱerh₂-",
"alt": "*ḱer-h₂-",
"nolb": "1",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? *ḱer-h₂-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": ">? *ḱer-h₂-"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ḱreh₁-eh₂yé-ti"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Italic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "creō"
},
"expansion": "Latin: creō",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: creō (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ḱreh₁-sḱé-ti"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Italic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "crēscō"
},
"expansion": "Latin: crēscō",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: crēscō (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ḱreh₁-sro-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Italic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "crēber"
},
"expansion": "Latin: crēber",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: crēber (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ḱór-o-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": "*kóros"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic: *kóros",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic: *kóros"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "κόρος"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: κόρος (kóros)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: κόρος (kóros)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ḱor-wo-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": "*kórwos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic: *kórwos\nAncient Greek: κόρος (kóros)\nDoric Greek: κῶρος (kôros)\nIonic Greek: κοῦρος (koûros)\nMycenaean Greek: 𐀒𐀺 (ko-wo /kórwos/)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic: *kórwos\nAncient Greek: κόρος (kóros)\nDoric Greek: κῶρος (kôros)\nIonic Greek: κοῦρος (koûros)\nMycenaean Greek: 𐀒𐀺 (ko-wo /kórwos/)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ḱer-ēs (< **ḱer-es-s)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*Kerēs"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *Kerēs",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *Kerēs (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Unsorted formations:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Armenian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xcl",
"2": "սեր"
},
"expansion": "Old Armenian: սեր (ser)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "possibly"
},
"expansion": "(possibly)",
"name": "qual"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Armenian: սեր (ser), սերեմ (serem), սերիմ (serim), սեռ (seṙ), սերմն (sermn), (possibly) սերտ (sert) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*hirsijô"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *hirsijô",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *hirsijô"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "hirso",
"gloss": "millet"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: hirso (“millet”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: hirso (“millet”) (see there for further descendants)"
}
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "ḱerh₁-",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "ḱreh₁-",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/ḱer-",
"pos": "root",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to grow, to make grow, to nourish"
],
"links": [
[
"grow",
"grow"
],
[
"nourish",
"nourish"
]
],
"senseid": [
"ine-pro:grow"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "ḱer-"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Indo-European CeR-shaped roots",
"Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Indo-European homonymic roots",
"Proto-Indo-European lemmas",
"Proto-Indo-European roots"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ḱr̥H-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "thur"
},
"expansion": "Albanian: thur",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Albanian: thur"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ḱr̥-ti-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Armenian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xcl",
"2": "սարդ"
},
"expansion": "Old Armenian: սարդ (sard)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Armenian: սարդ (sard) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ḱorH-ko-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sqj-pro",
"2": "*tsarka"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Albanian: *tsarka",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Albanian: *tsarka"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "thark"
},
"expansion": "Albanian: thark",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Albanian: thark"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ḱr̥s-tí-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Balto-Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*sьrstь"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic: *sьrstь",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Slavic: *sьrstь (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Unsorted formations:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Armenian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xcl",
"2": "սարիք",
"3": "սարք"
},
"expansion": "Old Armenian: սարիք (sarikʻ), սարք (sarkʻ)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Armenian: սարիք (sarikʻ), սարք (sarkʻ)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Hellenic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "καῖρος"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: καῖρος (kaîros)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: καῖρος (kaîros)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Indo-Iranian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Indo-Aryan:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "शृङ्खल"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: शृङ्खल (śṛṅkhala)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: शृङ्खल (śṛṅkhala) (see there for further descendants)"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/ḱer-",
"pos": "root",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to plait, weave"
],
"links": [
[
"plait",
"plait"
],
[
"weave",
"weave"
]
],
"senseid": [
"ine-pro:plait"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"rope, string"
],
"links": [
[
"rope",
"rope"
],
[
"string",
"string"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "ḱer-"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Indo-European CeR-shaped roots",
"Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Indo-European homonymic roots",
"Proto-Indo-European lemmas",
"Proto-Indo-European roots"
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/ḱer-",
"pos": "root",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"alternative reconstruction of *ḱerh₂-"
],
"links": [
[
"*ḱerh₂-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/ḱerh₂-"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "ḱer-"
}
Download raw JSONL data for ḱer- meaning in Proto-Indo-European (7.9kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Indo-European dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-03-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-03-02 using wiktextract (b81b832 and 633533e). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.