See ḱel- in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSONL data for ḱel- meaning in Proto-Indo-European (13.2kB)
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ḱley-"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ḱél-e-ti (thematic root present)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ḱl̥-ye-ti (ye-present)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*huljaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *huljaną",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *huljaną (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ḱél-dʰh₁e-ti (dʰh₁e-present)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*haldaną",
"t": "to hold, to keep"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *haldaną (“to hold, to keep”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *haldaną (“to hold, to keep”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ḱél-mn̥"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*ćárma"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ćárma",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ćárma"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*śárma"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *śárma",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *śárma"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "शर्मन्",
"tr": "śárman"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: शर्मन् (śárman)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: शर्मन् (śárman)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ḱél-mō"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*helmô"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *helmô",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *helmô (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ḱel-mos"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*helmaz",
"t": "helmet"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *helmaz (“helmet”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *helmaz (“helmet”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ḱel-nó- ~ *ḱol-nó-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*hallō",
"t": "hall"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *hallō (“hall”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *hallō (“hall”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*kelnā"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *kelnā",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *kelnā"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "cella"
},
"expansion": "Latin: cella",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: cella (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ḱēl-is"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*hēliz",
"t": "deceitful"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *hēliz (“deceitful”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *hēliz (“deceitful”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ḱél-ōs ~ *ḱél-es-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*hulisō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *hulisō",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *hulisō (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*kelōs",
"t": "outside, aspect"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *kelōs (“outside, aspect”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *kelōs (“outside, aspect”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "color"
},
"expansion": "Latin: color",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: color (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ḱol-es-o-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "κολεός"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: κολεός (koleós), κουλεός (kouleós)\nGreek: κολεός (koleós)\n→ Latin: cōleus (see there for further descendants)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: κολεός (koleós), κουλεός (kouleós)\nGreek: κολεός (koleós)\n→ Latin: cōleus (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ḱel-yo-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*haljō",
"t": "netherworld"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *haljō (“netherworld”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *haljō (“netherworld”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*keljom"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *keljom",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *keljom"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "cilium",
"t": "eyelid"
},
"expansion": "Latin: cilium (“eyelid”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: cilium (“eyelid”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ḱl-eh₂-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*klām"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *klām",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *klām"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "clam",
"t": "secretly"
},
"expansion": "Latin: clam (“secretly”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: clam (“secretly”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Unsorted formations:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bat-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Baltic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Baltic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "prg",
"2": "kelmis"
},
"expansion": "Old Prussian: kelmis",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Prussian: kelmis"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "šálmas"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian: šálmas",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lithuanian: šálmas"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "",
"t": "to conceal"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: [Term?] (“to conceal”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: [Term?] (“to conceal”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "*hellan"
},
"expansion": "Old English: *hellan",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old English: *hellan, helian"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "helen"
},
"expansion": "Middle English: helen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle English: helen (merger with helan)"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "hele"
},
"expansion": "English: hele",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: hele, heel"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "heil"
},
"expansion": "Scots: heil",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: heil"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "*hella"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian: *hella",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Frisian: *hella, *hiella (attested in bihella, bihiella (“to cover, hide”))"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "hellian"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon: hellian",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Saxon: hellian (bihellian)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "hellen"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: hellen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: hellen"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "",
"alt": "*heln"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German: *heln",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle High German: *heln (attested in entheln (“to uncover”))"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*hallō",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Proto-Germanic: *hallō",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": ">? Proto-Germanic: *hallō (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "καλύπτω"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: καλύπτω (kalúptō)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: καλύπτω (kalúptō), Καλυψώ (Kalupsṓ), καλύβη (kalúbē), κέλυφος (kéluphos), κελέβη (kelébē), κάλπις (kálpis)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "el",
"2": "καλύπτω"
},
"expansion": "Greek: καλύπτω (kalýpto)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Greek: καλύπτω (kalýpto), καλύβι (kalývi), καλύβα (kalýva), κέλυφος (kélyfos), κάλπη (kálpi)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*ćaranás"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ćaranás",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ćaranás"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*śaranás"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *śaranás",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *śaranás"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "शरण",
"tr": "śaraṇá"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: शरण (śaraṇá)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: शरण (śaraṇá)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "*caranáh"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian: *caranáh",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Iranian: *caranáh"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "سرمه",
"tr": "sorme",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Persian: سرمه (sorme)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": ">? Persian: سرمه (sorme)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "cālīgō"
},
"expansion": "Latin: cālīgō",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: cālīgō (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "cēlō"
},
"expansion": "Latin: cēlō",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: cēlō (see there for further descendants)"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/ḱel-",
"pos": "root",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to cover"
],
"id": "en-ḱel--ine-pro-root-ine_pro:cover",
"links": [
[
"cover",
"cover"
]
],
"senseid": [
"ine-pro:cover"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers"
],
"word": "ḱel-"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ḱley-"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ḱlew-"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*h₂eus-ḱl̥-t-eh₂-ye-ti (thematic ye-present)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*auskoltāō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *auskoltāō",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *auskoltāō"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "auscultō"
},
"expansion": "Latin: auscultō",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: auscultō (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ḱól-to-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*halþaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *halþaz",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *halþaz (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ḱl̥-tó-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*hulþaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *hulþaz",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *hulþaz (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ḱól-i-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bat-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Baltic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Baltic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "šalìs"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian: šalìs",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lithuanian: šalìs"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "salis"
},
"expansion": "Latvian: salis",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latvian: salis"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/ḱel-",
"pos": "root",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 100",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European CeR-shape roots",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 100",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 100",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European roots",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to incline"
],
"id": "en-ḱel--ine-pro-root-ine_pro:incline",
"links": [
[
"incline",
"incline"
]
],
"senseid": [
"ine-pro:incline"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers"
],
"word": "ḱel-"
}
{
"categories": [
"Proto-Indo-European CeR-shape roots",
"Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Indo-European lemmas",
"Proto-Indo-European roots"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ḱley-"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ḱél-e-ti (thematic root present)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ḱl̥-ye-ti (ye-present)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*huljaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *huljaną",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *huljaną (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ḱél-dʰh₁e-ti (dʰh₁e-present)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*haldaną",
"t": "to hold, to keep"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *haldaną (“to hold, to keep”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *haldaną (“to hold, to keep”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ḱél-mn̥"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*ćárma"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ćárma",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ćárma"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*śárma"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *śárma",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *śárma"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "शर्मन्",
"tr": "śárman"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: शर्मन् (śárman)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: शर्मन् (śárman)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ḱél-mō"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*helmô"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *helmô",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *helmô (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ḱel-mos"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*helmaz",
"t": "helmet"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *helmaz (“helmet”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *helmaz (“helmet”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ḱel-nó- ~ *ḱol-nó-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*hallō",
"t": "hall"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *hallō (“hall”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *hallō (“hall”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*kelnā"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *kelnā",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *kelnā"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "cella"
},
"expansion": "Latin: cella",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: cella (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ḱēl-is"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*hēliz",
"t": "deceitful"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *hēliz (“deceitful”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *hēliz (“deceitful”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ḱél-ōs ~ *ḱél-es-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*hulisō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *hulisō",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *hulisō (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*kelōs",
"t": "outside, aspect"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *kelōs (“outside, aspect”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *kelōs (“outside, aspect”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "color"
},
"expansion": "Latin: color",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: color (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ḱol-es-o-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "κολεός"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: κολεός (koleós), κουλεός (kouleós)\nGreek: κολεός (koleós)\n→ Latin: cōleus (see there for further descendants)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: κολεός (koleós), κουλεός (kouleós)\nGreek: κολεός (koleós)\n→ Latin: cōleus (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ḱel-yo-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*haljō",
"t": "netherworld"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *haljō (“netherworld”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *haljō (“netherworld”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*keljom"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *keljom",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *keljom"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "cilium",
"t": "eyelid"
},
"expansion": "Latin: cilium (“eyelid”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: cilium (“eyelid”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ḱl-eh₂-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*klām"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *klām",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *klām"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "clam",
"t": "secretly"
},
"expansion": "Latin: clam (“secretly”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: clam (“secretly”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Unsorted formations:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bat-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Baltic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Baltic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "prg",
"2": "kelmis"
},
"expansion": "Old Prussian: kelmis",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Prussian: kelmis"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "šálmas"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian: šálmas",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lithuanian: šálmas"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "",
"t": "to conceal"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: [Term?] (“to conceal”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: [Term?] (“to conceal”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "*hellan"
},
"expansion": "Old English: *hellan",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old English: *hellan, helian"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "helen"
},
"expansion": "Middle English: helen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle English: helen (merger with helan)"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "hele"
},
"expansion": "English: hele",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: hele, heel"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "heil"
},
"expansion": "Scots: heil",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: heil"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "*hella"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian: *hella",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Frisian: *hella, *hiella (attested in bihella, bihiella (“to cover, hide”))"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "hellian"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon: hellian",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Saxon: hellian (bihellian)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "hellen"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: hellen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: hellen"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "",
"alt": "*heln"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German: *heln",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle High German: *heln (attested in entheln (“to uncover”))"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*hallō",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Proto-Germanic: *hallō",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": ">? Proto-Germanic: *hallō (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "καλύπτω"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: καλύπτω (kalúptō)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: καλύπτω (kalúptō), Καλυψώ (Kalupsṓ), καλύβη (kalúbē), κέλυφος (kéluphos), κελέβη (kelébē), κάλπις (kálpis)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "el",
"2": "καλύπτω"
},
"expansion": "Greek: καλύπτω (kalýpto)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Greek: καλύπτω (kalýpto), καλύβι (kalývi), καλύβα (kalýva), κέλυφος (kélyfos), κάλπη (kálpi)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*ćaranás"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ćaranás",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ćaranás"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*śaranás"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *śaranás",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *śaranás"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "शरण",
"tr": "śaraṇá"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: शरण (śaraṇá)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: शरण (śaraṇá)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "*caranáh"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian: *caranáh",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Iranian: *caranáh"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "سرمه",
"tr": "sorme",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Persian: سرمه (sorme)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": ">? Persian: سرمه (sorme)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "cālīgō"
},
"expansion": "Latin: cālīgō",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: cālīgō (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "cēlō"
},
"expansion": "Latin: cēlō",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: cēlō (see there for further descendants)"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/ḱel-",
"pos": "root",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to cover"
],
"links": [
[
"cover",
"cover"
]
],
"senseid": [
"ine-pro:cover"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers"
],
"word": "ḱel-"
}
{
"categories": [
"Proto-Indo-European CeR-shape roots",
"Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Indo-European lemmas",
"Proto-Indo-European roots"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ḱley-"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ḱlew-"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*h₂eus-ḱl̥-t-eh₂-ye-ti (thematic ye-present)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*auskoltāō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *auskoltāō",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *auskoltāō"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "auscultō"
},
"expansion": "Latin: auscultō",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: auscultō (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ḱól-to-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*halþaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *halþaz",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *halþaz (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ḱl̥-tó-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*hulþaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *hulþaz",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *hulþaz (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ḱól-i-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bat-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Baltic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Baltic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "šalìs"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian: šalìs",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lithuanian: šalìs"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "salis"
},
"expansion": "Latvian: salis",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latvian: salis"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/ḱel-",
"pos": "root",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to incline"
],
"links": [
[
"incline",
"incline"
]
],
"senseid": [
"ine-pro:incline"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers"
],
"word": "ḱel-"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Indo-European dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-06-27 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-06-20 using wiktextract (0f7b3ac and b863ecc). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.