See ǵwelH- in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "ǵwolH- (charcoal)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*ȷ́ar-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ȷ́ar-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ȷ́ar-"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "*jar-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian: *jar-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Iranian: *jar-"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ae",
"2": "𐬯𐬐𐬀𐬭-",
"gloss": "charcoal"
},
"expansion": "Avestan: 𐬯𐬐𐬀𐬭- (skar-, “charcoal”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Avestan: 𐬯𐬐𐬀𐬭- (skar-, “charcoal”), 𐬯𐬐𐬀𐬭𐬀𐬥𐬀 (skarana, “burned things”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ps",
"2": "سکاره",
"tr": "skārə́"
},
"expansion": "Pashto: سکاره (skārə́)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Pashto: سکاره (skārə́)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "زغال",
"gloss": "charcoal",
"tr": "zoğâl"
},
"expansion": "Persian: زغال (zoğâl, “charcoal”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Persian: زغال (zoğâl, “charcoal”), ذغال (zoğâl), ژگال (žogâl), شگال (šogâl), سکار (sakâr)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [],
"text": "Kurdish:"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ckb",
"2": "خەڵووز"
},
"expansion": "Central Kurdish: خەڵووز (xellûz)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Central Kurdish: خەڵووز (xellûz), زوخاڵ (zuxall)"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kmr",
"2": "xelûz"
},
"expansion": "Northern Kurdish: xelûz",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Northern Kurdish: xelûz"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lki",
"2": "ئِسکڵ"
},
"expansion": "Laki: ئِسکڵ (iskill)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Laki: ئِسکڵ (iskill)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xme-azr",
"2": "زوال",
"t": "charcoal; blaze",
"tr": "zuwāl"
},
"expansion": "Old Azari: زوال (zuwāl, “charcoal; blaze”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Azari: زوال (zuwāl, “charcoal; blaze”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ǵwélH-e-ti (thematic root present)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*ȷ́wálati"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ȷ́wálati",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ȷ́wálati"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*ȷ́wálati"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *ȷ́wálati",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *ȷ́wálati"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "ज्वलति",
"tr": "jválati"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: ज्वलति (jválati)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: ज्वलति (jválati) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ǵwl̥H-é-ti (thematic zero-grade root present)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Balto-Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "žvìlti"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian: žvìlti",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lithuanian: žvìlti"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ǵwl̥H-o-m"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*kulą"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *kulą",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *kulą (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ǵowlH-o-s (post-PIE schwebeablaut variant)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*goulos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic: *goulos",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Celtic: *goulos"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mga",
"2": "gúal"
},
"expansion": "Middle Irish: gúal\nIrish: gual\nManx: geayl\nScottish Gaelic: gual",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Middle Irish: gúal\nIrish: gual\nManx: geayl\nScottish Gaelic: gual"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/ǵwelH-",
"pos": "root",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "100 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "100 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "100 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European CReRH-shape roots",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "100 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "100 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European imperfective roots",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "100 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European roots",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to burn"
],
"id": "en-ǵwelH--ine-pro-root-rR54mkCl",
"links": [
[
"burn",
"burn"
]
],
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to shine"
],
"id": "en-ǵwelH--ine-pro-root-i5-pW8j2",
"links": [
[
"shine",
"shine"
]
],
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers"
],
"word": "ǵwelH-"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Indo-European CReRH-shape roots",
"Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Indo-European imperfective roots",
"Proto-Indo-European lemmas",
"Proto-Indo-European roots"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "ǵwolH- (charcoal)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*ȷ́ar-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ȷ́ar-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ȷ́ar-"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "*jar-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian: *jar-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Iranian: *jar-"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ae",
"2": "𐬯𐬐𐬀𐬭-",
"gloss": "charcoal"
},
"expansion": "Avestan: 𐬯𐬐𐬀𐬭- (skar-, “charcoal”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Avestan: 𐬯𐬐𐬀𐬭- (skar-, “charcoal”), 𐬯𐬐𐬀𐬭𐬀𐬥𐬀 (skarana, “burned things”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ps",
"2": "سکاره",
"tr": "skārə́"
},
"expansion": "Pashto: سکاره (skārə́)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Pashto: سکاره (skārə́)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "زغال",
"gloss": "charcoal",
"tr": "zoğâl"
},
"expansion": "Persian: زغال (zoğâl, “charcoal”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Persian: زغال (zoğâl, “charcoal”), ذغال (zoğâl), ژگال (žogâl), شگال (šogâl), سکار (sakâr)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [],
"text": "Kurdish:"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ckb",
"2": "خەڵووز"
},
"expansion": "Central Kurdish: خەڵووز (xellûz)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Central Kurdish: خەڵووز (xellûz), زوخاڵ (zuxall)"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kmr",
"2": "xelûz"
},
"expansion": "Northern Kurdish: xelûz",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Northern Kurdish: xelûz"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lki",
"2": "ئِسکڵ"
},
"expansion": "Laki: ئِسکڵ (iskill)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Laki: ئِسکڵ (iskill)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xme-azr",
"2": "زوال",
"t": "charcoal; blaze",
"tr": "zuwāl"
},
"expansion": "Old Azari: زوال (zuwāl, “charcoal; blaze”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Azari: زوال (zuwāl, “charcoal; blaze”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ǵwélH-e-ti (thematic root present)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*ȷ́wálati"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ȷ́wálati",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ȷ́wálati"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*ȷ́wálati"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *ȷ́wálati",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *ȷ́wálati"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "ज्वलति",
"tr": "jválati"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: ज्वलति (jválati)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: ज्वलति (jválati) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ǵwl̥H-é-ti (thematic zero-grade root present)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Balto-Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "žvìlti"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian: žvìlti",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lithuanian: žvìlti"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ǵwl̥H-o-m"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*kulą"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *kulą",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *kulą (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ǵowlH-o-s (post-PIE schwebeablaut variant)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*goulos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic: *goulos",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Celtic: *goulos"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mga",
"2": "gúal"
},
"expansion": "Middle Irish: gúal\nIrish: gual\nManx: geayl\nScottish Gaelic: gual",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Middle Irish: gúal\nIrish: gual\nManx: geayl\nScottish Gaelic: gual"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/ǵwelH-",
"pos": "root",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to burn"
],
"links": [
[
"burn",
"burn"
]
],
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to shine"
],
"links": [
[
"shine",
"shine"
]
],
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers"
],
"word": "ǵwelH-"
}
Download raw JSONL data for ǵwelH- meaning in Proto-Indo-European (4.6kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Indo-European dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-15 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (8a39820 and 4401a4c). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.