See ǵneh₃- in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for ǵneh₃- meaning in Proto-Indo-European (10.0kB)
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ǵi-ǵneh₃-ti (reduplicated present stem)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": "*gignṓskō",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Proto-Hellenic: *gignṓskō",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Proto-Hellenic: *gignṓskō"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "γιγνώσκω"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: γιγνώσκω (gignṓskō)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: γιγνώσκω (gignṓskō)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ǵnéh₃-t ~ *ǵn̥h₃-ént (root aorist)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ǵnéh₃-ti (root present)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Armenian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xcl",
"2": "ճանաչեմ",
"alt": "*ծան-"
},
"expansion": "Old Armenian: *ծան- (*can-), ճանաչենամ (čanačʻenam)\nArmenian: ճանաչել (čanačʻel), ճանչնալ (čančʻnal)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Armenian: *ծան- (*can-), ճանաչենամ (čanačʻenam)\nArmenian: ճանաչել (čanačʻel), ճանչնալ (čančʻnal)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*źnōˀtei"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *źnōˀtei",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *źnōˀtei (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ǵn̥h₃-sḱé-ti (sḱe-present)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ǵn̥h₃-tó-s"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ǵn̥-né-h₃-ti ~ *ǵn̥-n-h₃-énti (nasal-infix present)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ǵneh₃-dʰl-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*gnōðlis"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *gnōðlis",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *gnōðlis"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "nōbilis"
},
"expansion": "Latin: nōbilis",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: nōbilis (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ǵneh₃-meh₂"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Hellenic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "γνώμη"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: γνώμη (gnṓmē)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: γνώμη (gnṓmē)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ǵnéh₃-mn̥ ~ *ǵn̥h₃-mén-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Hellenic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "γνῶμα"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: γνῶμα (gnôma)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: γνῶμα (gnôma)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "grōma",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Latin: grōma",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Latin: grōma"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*znàmę"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic: *znàmę",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Slavic: *znàmę (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ǵnéh₃-mō"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Hellenic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "γνώμων"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: γνώμων (gnṓmōn)\n→ English: gnomon (or via Latin or a descendant thereof)\nGreek: γνώμονας (gnómonas)\n→ Latin: gnōmōn (see there for further descendants)\n→ Latin: norma (via Etruscan) (see there for further descendants)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: γνώμων (gnṓmōn)\n→ English: gnomon (or via Latin or a descendant thereof)\nGreek: γνώμονας (gnómonas)\n→ Latin: gnōmōn (see there for further descendants)\n→ Latin: norma (via Etruscan) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ǵneh₃-ri-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*gnōriā"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *gnōriā",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *gnōriā"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "glōria"
},
"expansion": "Latin: glōria",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: glōria (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ǵn̥h₃-ro-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Hellenic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "γνώριμος",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Ancient Greek: γνώριμος (gnṓrimos)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "formed with <i class=\"Polyt mention\" lang=\"grc\">-ιμος</i> (-imos)"
},
"expansion": "(formed with -ιμος (-imos))",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Ancient Greek: γνώριμος (gnṓrimos) (formed with -ιμος (-imos))"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Italic: *gnāros, *engnāros, *engnārāō, *gnārāō"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "gnārus"
},
"expansion": "Latin: gnārus",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: gnārus, ignārus, ignōrō, nārrō (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ǵneh₃-ti-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Hellenic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "γνῶσις"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: γνῶσις (gnôsis)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: γνῶσις (gnôsis)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Indo-Iranian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Iranian:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ae",
"2": "𐬰𐬀𐬌𐬥𐬙𐬌",
"t": "understanding"
},
"expansion": "Avestan: 𐬰𐬀𐬌𐬥𐬙𐬌 (zainti, “understanding”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Avestan: 𐬰𐬀𐬌𐬥𐬙𐬌 (zainti, “understanding”)"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pal",
"2": "",
"bor": "1",
"t": "Zand of Avesta",
"tr": "znt'",
"ts": "Zand"
},
"expansion": "→ Middle Persian: [script needed] (znt' /Zand/, “Zand of Avesta”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Middle Persian: [script needed] (znt' /Zand/, “Zand of Avesta”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Indic:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "ज्ञाति"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: ज्ञाति (jñāti)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: ज्ञाति (jñāti)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Italic: *gnōtiō"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "nōtiō"
},
"expansion": "Latin: nōtiō",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: nōtiō (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ǵn̥h₃-wo-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Italic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "gnāvus"
},
"expansion": "Latin: gnāvus",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: gnāvus"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ǵn̥h₃-yo-m"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*kunją",
"id": "omen",
"t": "omen"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *kunją (“omen”)\nOld Norse: kyn\nIcelandic: kyn\n→ Proto-Finnic: *konëh (“magic”) (Pre-Germanic borrowing)\nFinnish: kone (“machine”)\nKarelian: koneh",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *kunją (“omen”)\nOld Norse: kyn\nIcelandic: kyn\n→ Proto-Finnic: *konëh (“magic”) (Pre-Germanic borrowing)\nFinnish: kone (“machine”)\nKarelian: koneh"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Unsorted formations:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*gnūstis",
"t": "face"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic: *gnūstis (“face”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Celtic: *gnūstis (“face”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "gnúis"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish: gnúis\nIrish: gnúis\nScottish Gaelic: gnùis",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Irish: gnúis\nIrish: gnúis\nScottish Gaelic: gnùis"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-bry-pro",
"2": "*gnis"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Brythonic: *gnis",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Brythonic: *gnis"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "wlm",
"2": "gnis"
},
"expansion": "Middle Welsh: gnis",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Welsh: gnis"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*knēaną",
"qq": "apparently from <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"ine-pro\">*ǵneh₁-</i>, of unknown origin"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *knēaną (apparently from *ǵneh₁-, of unknown origin)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *knēaną (apparently from *ǵneh₁-, of unknown origin) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "ज्ञान",
"t": "knowledge"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: ज्ञान (jñāna, “knowledge”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: ज्ञान (jñāna, “knowledge”)"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/ǵneh₃-",
"pos": "root",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European CReH-shape roots",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European perfective roots",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European roots",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to recognise, to know"
],
"id": "en-ǵneh₃--ine-pro-root-rtL~SWg9",
"links": [
[
"recognise",
"recognise"
],
[
"know",
"know"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"perfective",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "ǵneh₃-"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ǵi-ǵneh₃-ti (reduplicated present stem)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": "*gignṓskō",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Proto-Hellenic: *gignṓskō",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Proto-Hellenic: *gignṓskō"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "γιγνώσκω"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: γιγνώσκω (gignṓskō)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: γιγνώσκω (gignṓskō)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ǵnéh₃-t ~ *ǵn̥h₃-ént (root aorist)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ǵnéh₃-ti (root present)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Armenian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xcl",
"2": "ճանաչեմ",
"alt": "*ծան-"
},
"expansion": "Old Armenian: *ծան- (*can-), ճանաչենամ (čanačʻenam)\nArmenian: ճանաչել (čanačʻel), ճանչնալ (čančʻnal)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Armenian: *ծան- (*can-), ճանաչենամ (čanačʻenam)\nArmenian: ճանաչել (čanačʻel), ճանչնալ (čančʻnal)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*źnōˀtei"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *źnōˀtei",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *źnōˀtei (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ǵn̥h₃-sḱé-ti (sḱe-present)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ǵn̥h₃-tó-s"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ǵn̥-né-h₃-ti ~ *ǵn̥-n-h₃-énti (nasal-infix present)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ǵneh₃-dʰl-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*gnōðlis"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *gnōðlis",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *gnōðlis"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "nōbilis"
},
"expansion": "Latin: nōbilis",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: nōbilis (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ǵneh₃-meh₂"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Hellenic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "γνώμη"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: γνώμη (gnṓmē)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: γνώμη (gnṓmē)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ǵnéh₃-mn̥ ~ *ǵn̥h₃-mén-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Hellenic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "γνῶμα"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: γνῶμα (gnôma)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: γνῶμα (gnôma)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "grōma",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Latin: grōma",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Latin: grōma"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*znàmę"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic: *znàmę",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Slavic: *znàmę (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ǵnéh₃-mō"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Hellenic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "γνώμων"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: γνώμων (gnṓmōn)\n→ English: gnomon (or via Latin or a descendant thereof)\nGreek: γνώμονας (gnómonas)\n→ Latin: gnōmōn (see there for further descendants)\n→ Latin: norma (via Etruscan) (see there for further descendants)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: γνώμων (gnṓmōn)\n→ English: gnomon (or via Latin or a descendant thereof)\nGreek: γνώμονας (gnómonas)\n→ Latin: gnōmōn (see there for further descendants)\n→ Latin: norma (via Etruscan) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ǵneh₃-ri-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*gnōriā"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *gnōriā",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *gnōriā"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "glōria"
},
"expansion": "Latin: glōria",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: glōria (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ǵn̥h₃-ro-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Hellenic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "γνώριμος",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Ancient Greek: γνώριμος (gnṓrimos)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "formed with <i class=\"Polyt mention\" lang=\"grc\">-ιμος</i> (-imos)"
},
"expansion": "(formed with -ιμος (-imos))",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Ancient Greek: γνώριμος (gnṓrimos) (formed with -ιμος (-imos))"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Italic: *gnāros, *engnāros, *engnārāō, *gnārāō"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "gnārus"
},
"expansion": "Latin: gnārus",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: gnārus, ignārus, ignōrō, nārrō (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ǵneh₃-ti-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Hellenic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "γνῶσις"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: γνῶσις (gnôsis)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: γνῶσις (gnôsis)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Indo-Iranian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Iranian:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ae",
"2": "𐬰𐬀𐬌𐬥𐬙𐬌",
"t": "understanding"
},
"expansion": "Avestan: 𐬰𐬀𐬌𐬥𐬙𐬌 (zainti, “understanding”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Avestan: 𐬰𐬀𐬌𐬥𐬙𐬌 (zainti, “understanding”)"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pal",
"2": "",
"bor": "1",
"t": "Zand of Avesta",
"tr": "znt'",
"ts": "Zand"
},
"expansion": "→ Middle Persian: [script needed] (znt' /Zand/, “Zand of Avesta”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Middle Persian: [script needed] (znt' /Zand/, “Zand of Avesta”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Indic:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "ज्ञाति"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: ज्ञाति (jñāti)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: ज्ञाति (jñāti)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Italic: *gnōtiō"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "nōtiō"
},
"expansion": "Latin: nōtiō",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: nōtiō (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ǵn̥h₃-wo-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Italic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "gnāvus"
},
"expansion": "Latin: gnāvus",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: gnāvus"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ǵn̥h₃-yo-m"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*kunją",
"id": "omen",
"t": "omen"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *kunją (“omen”)\nOld Norse: kyn\nIcelandic: kyn\n→ Proto-Finnic: *konëh (“magic”) (Pre-Germanic borrowing)\nFinnish: kone (“machine”)\nKarelian: koneh",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *kunją (“omen”)\nOld Norse: kyn\nIcelandic: kyn\n→ Proto-Finnic: *konëh (“magic”) (Pre-Germanic borrowing)\nFinnish: kone (“machine”)\nKarelian: koneh"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Unsorted formations:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*gnūstis",
"t": "face"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic: *gnūstis (“face”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Celtic: *gnūstis (“face”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "gnúis"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish: gnúis\nIrish: gnúis\nScottish Gaelic: gnùis",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Irish: gnúis\nIrish: gnúis\nScottish Gaelic: gnùis"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-bry-pro",
"2": "*gnis"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Brythonic: *gnis",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Brythonic: *gnis"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "wlm",
"2": "gnis"
},
"expansion": "Middle Welsh: gnis",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Welsh: gnis"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*knēaną",
"qq": "apparently from <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"ine-pro\">*ǵneh₁-</i>, of unknown origin"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *knēaną (apparently from *ǵneh₁-, of unknown origin)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *knēaną (apparently from *ǵneh₁-, of unknown origin) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "ज्ञान",
"t": "knowledge"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: ज्ञान (jñāna, “knowledge”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: ज्ञान (jñāna, “knowledge”)"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/ǵneh₃-",
"pos": "root",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Proto-Indo-European CReH-shape roots",
"Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Indo-European lemmas",
"Proto-Indo-European perfective roots",
"Proto-Indo-European roots",
"ine-pro:Thinking"
],
"glosses": [
"to recognise, to know"
],
"links": [
[
"recognise",
"recognise"
],
[
"know",
"know"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"perfective",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "ǵneh₃-"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Indo-European dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-06-19 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-06-06 using wiktextract (372f256 and 664a3bc). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.