See ǵl̥h₂ōws in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hyx-pro",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Armenian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Armenian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xcl",
"2": "տալ"
},
"expansion": "Old Armenian: տալ (tal)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "the expected form <i class=\"Armn mention\" lang=\"xcl\">*ծալ</i> (*cal) being influenced by <i class=\"Armn mention\" lang=\"xcl\">տայգր</i> (taygr, “brother-in-law”)"
},
"expansion": "(the expected form *ծալ (*cal) being influenced by տայգր (taygr, “brother-in-law”))",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Old Armenian: տալ (tal) (the expected form *ծալ (*cal) being influenced by տայգր (taygr, “brother-in-law”))"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": "*galawos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic: *galawos",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "thematised from <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"ine-pro\">*ǵl̥h₂-ew-</i>"
},
"expansion": "(thematised from *ǵl̥h₂-ew-)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic: *galawos (thematised from *ǵl̥h₂-ew-)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Aeolic: γαλόως (galóōs)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Attic: γάλως (gálōs)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "from <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"ine-pro\">*ǵl̥h₂-i-s</i> ?"
},
"expansion": "(from *ǵl̥h₂-i-s ?)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Hesychius: γάλις (gális) (from *ǵl̥h₂-i-s ?)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Hesychius: γαλαός (galaós)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xpg",
"2": "*γελαϝος"
},
"expansion": "Phrygian: *γελαϝος (*gelawos)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Phrygian: *γελαϝος (*gelawos) > γελαρος (gelaros)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*gr̥Hiš",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Proto-Indo-Iranian: *gr̥Hiš",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "< <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"ine-pro\">*ǵl̥h₂-i-s</i>"
},
"expansion": "(< *ǵl̥h₂-i-s)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": ">? Proto-Indo-Iranian: *gr̥Hiš (< *ǵl̥h₂-i-s)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "गिरि",
"t": "husband's sister"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: गिरि (giri, “husband's sister”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "attestation contested"
},
"expansion": "(attestation contested)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: गिरि (giri, “husband's sister”) (attestation contested)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*glōs"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *glōs",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "with loss of laryngeal, or possibly from <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"ine-pro\">*ǵloh₂-(u-)</i>"
},
"expansion": "(with loss of laryngeal, or possibly from *ǵloh₂-(u-))",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *glōs (with loss of laryngeal, or possibly from *ǵloh₂-(u-))"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "glōs"
},
"expansion": "Latin: glōs",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: glōs"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*zъly"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic: *zъly",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "< <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"ine-pro\">*ǵl̥h₂-u-</i>"
},
"expansion": "(< *ǵl̥h₂-u-)",
"name": "q"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Slavic: *zъly (< *ǵl̥h₂-u-) (see there for further descendants)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "trk-pro",
"2": "*kẹlin"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Turkic *kẹlin",
"name": "ncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-pro",
"2": "*kälew"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Uralic *kälew",
"name": "ncog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Possibly from a root noun *ǵl̥h₂-. According to Mallory and Adams (1997), some forms may be influenced by association with unrelated *gl̥h₁éys (“mouse”). Has sometimes been compared with Proto-Turkic *kẹlin and/or Proto-Uralic *kälew.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"f2nolink": "1",
"g": "f",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"head2": "",
"head3": "",
"head4": "",
"head5": ""
},
"expansion": "*ǵl̥h₂ōws f",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/ǵl̥h₂ōws",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"sister-in-law (husband's sister)"
],
"id": "en-ǵl̥h₂ōws-ine-pro-noun-xdD15CHY",
"links": [
[
"sister-in-law",
"sister-in-law"
],
[
"husband",
"husband"
],
[
"sister",
"sister"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Rick Derksen"
]
}
],
"word": "ǵl̥h₂ōws"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hyx-pro",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Armenian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Armenian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xcl",
"2": "տալ"
},
"expansion": "Old Armenian: տալ (tal)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "the expected form <i class=\"Armn mention\" lang=\"xcl\">*ծալ</i> (*cal) being influenced by <i class=\"Armn mention\" lang=\"xcl\">տայգր</i> (taygr, “brother-in-law”)"
},
"expansion": "(the expected form *ծալ (*cal) being influenced by տայգր (taygr, “brother-in-law”))",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Old Armenian: տալ (tal) (the expected form *ծալ (*cal) being influenced by տայգր (taygr, “brother-in-law”))"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": "*galawos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic: *galawos",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "thematised from <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"ine-pro\">*ǵl̥h₂-ew-</i>"
},
"expansion": "(thematised from *ǵl̥h₂-ew-)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic: *galawos (thematised from *ǵl̥h₂-ew-)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Aeolic: γαλόως (galóōs)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Attic: γάλως (gálōs)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "from <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"ine-pro\">*ǵl̥h₂-i-s</i> ?"
},
"expansion": "(from *ǵl̥h₂-i-s ?)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Hesychius: γάλις (gális) (from *ǵl̥h₂-i-s ?)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Hesychius: γαλαός (galaós)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xpg",
"2": "*γελαϝος"
},
"expansion": "Phrygian: *γελαϝος (*gelawos)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Phrygian: *γελαϝος (*gelawos) > γελαρος (gelaros)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*gr̥Hiš",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Proto-Indo-Iranian: *gr̥Hiš",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "< <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"ine-pro\">*ǵl̥h₂-i-s</i>"
},
"expansion": "(< *ǵl̥h₂-i-s)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": ">? Proto-Indo-Iranian: *gr̥Hiš (< *ǵl̥h₂-i-s)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "गिरि",
"t": "husband's sister"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: गिरि (giri, “husband's sister”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "attestation contested"
},
"expansion": "(attestation contested)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: गिरि (giri, “husband's sister”) (attestation contested)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*glōs"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *glōs",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "with loss of laryngeal, or possibly from <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"ine-pro\">*ǵloh₂-(u-)</i>"
},
"expansion": "(with loss of laryngeal, or possibly from *ǵloh₂-(u-))",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *glōs (with loss of laryngeal, or possibly from *ǵloh₂-(u-))"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "glōs"
},
"expansion": "Latin: glōs",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: glōs"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*zъly"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic: *zъly",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "< <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"ine-pro\">*ǵl̥h₂-u-</i>"
},
"expansion": "(< *ǵl̥h₂-u-)",
"name": "q"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Slavic: *zъly (< *ǵl̥h₂-u-) (see there for further descendants)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "trk-pro",
"2": "*kẹlin"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Turkic *kẹlin",
"name": "ncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-pro",
"2": "*kälew"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Uralic *kälew",
"name": "ncog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Possibly from a root noun *ǵl̥h₂-. According to Mallory and Adams (1997), some forms may be influenced by association with unrelated *gl̥h₁éys (“mouse”). Has sometimes been compared with Proto-Turkic *kẹlin and/or Proto-Uralic *kälew.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"f2nolink": "1",
"g": "f",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"head2": "",
"head3": "",
"head4": "",
"head5": ""
},
"expansion": "*ǵl̥h₂ōws f",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/ǵl̥h₂ōws",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Indo-European feminine nouns",
"Proto-Indo-European lemmas",
"Proto-Indo-European nouns",
"ine-pro:Female family members"
],
"glosses": [
"sister-in-law (husband's sister)"
],
"links": [
[
"sister-in-law",
"sister-in-law"
],
[
"husband",
"husband"
],
[
"sister",
"sister"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Rick Derksen"
]
}
],
"word": "ǵl̥h₂ōws"
}
Download raw JSONL data for ǵl̥h₂ōws meaning in Proto-Indo-European (4.9kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Indo-European dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-25 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-20 using wiktextract (c15a5ce and 5c11237). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.