See ǵh₂lōws in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for ǵh₂lōws meaning in Proto-Indo-European (6.3kB)
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Armenian: *cal > *tal (under influence of տայգր (taygr, “brother-in-law”))"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xcl",
"2": "տալ"
},
"expansion": "Old Armenian: տալ (tal)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Armenian: տալ (tal)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*klūz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *klūz",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *klūz"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": "*galawos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic: *galawos",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic: *galawos"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Ancient Greek:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Aeolic: γάλοως (gáloōs)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Attic: γάλως (gálōs)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Hesychius: γαλίς (galís)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Hesychius: γάλαος (gálaos)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xpg",
"2": "*γελαϝος"
},
"expansion": "Phrygian: *γελαϝος (*gelawos)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Phrygian: *γελαϝος (*gelawos) > γελαρος (gelaros)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*gr̥Háyš"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *gr̥Háyš",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *gr̥Háyš"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "गिरि",
"t": "brother's wife"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: गिरि (giri, “brother's wife”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: गिरि (giri, “brother's wife”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*glōs"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *glōs",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *glōs"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "glōs"
},
"expansion": "Latin: glōs",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: glōs"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*zъly"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic: *zъly",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Slavic: *zъly (see there for further descendants)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "el",
"2": "γάλα",
"t": "milk"
},
"expansion": "Greek γάλα (gála, “milk”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hit",
"gloss": "to soothe",
"tr": "galak-"
},
"expansion": "Hittite [script needed] (galak-, “to soothe”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "trk-pro",
"2": "*kẹlin"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Turkic *kẹlin",
"name": "ncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-pro",
"2": "*kälew"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Uralic *kälew",
"name": "ncog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Possibly from *ǵh₂l- (“to nourish”); compare Greek γάλα (gála, “milk”), Hittite [script needed] (galak-, “to soothe”). According to Mallory and Adams (1997), some forms may be influenced by association with unrelated *gl̥h₁éys (“mouse”). Has sometimes been compared with Proto-Turkic *kẹlin and/or Proto-Uralic *kälew.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ine-decl-noun-mf",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ǵh₂lṓws",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ǵh₂lṓwsh₁",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "ǵh₂lṓwsh₁e",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "ǵh₂lṓwses",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ǵh₂lṓws",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "ǵh₂lṓwsh₁",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "ǵh₂lṓwsh₁e",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "ǵh₂lṓwses",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "ǵh₂lṓwsm̥",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ǵh₂lṓwsh₁",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "ǵh₂lṓwsh₁e",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "ǵh₂lṓwsm̥s",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ǵh₂lowsés",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "ǵh₂lowsóHom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ǵh₂lowsés",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "ǵh₂lowsmós",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ǵh₂lowséy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "ǵh₂lowsmós",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ǵh₂lóws",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ǵh₂lówsi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "ǵh₂lowsú",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ǵh₂lowséh₁",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "ǵh₂lowsmís",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "noun",
"g": "f",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"head2": "",
"head3": "",
"head4": "",
"head5": ""
},
"expansion": "*ǵh₂lōws f",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ǵh₂lṓws",
"2": "ǵh₂lows",
"ac": "amphikinetic",
"loc_sg": "ǵh₂lóws"
},
"name": "ine-decl-noun-mf"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/ǵh₂lōws",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"sister-in-law (brother's wife)"
],
"id": "en-ǵh₂lōws-ine-pro-noun-HHMermRR",
"links": [
[
"sister-in-law",
"sister-in-law"
],
[
"brother",
"brother"
],
[
"wife",
"wife"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "ǵh₂lōws"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Armenian: *cal > *tal (under influence of տայգր (taygr, “brother-in-law”))"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xcl",
"2": "տալ"
},
"expansion": "Old Armenian: տալ (tal)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Armenian: տալ (tal)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*klūz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *klūz",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *klūz"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": "*galawos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic: *galawos",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic: *galawos"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Ancient Greek:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Aeolic: γάλοως (gáloōs)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Attic: γάλως (gálōs)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Hesychius: γαλίς (galís)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Hesychius: γάλαος (gálaos)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xpg",
"2": "*γελαϝος"
},
"expansion": "Phrygian: *γελαϝος (*gelawos)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Phrygian: *γελαϝος (*gelawos) > γελαρος (gelaros)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*gr̥Háyš"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *gr̥Háyš",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *gr̥Háyš"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "गिरि",
"t": "brother's wife"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: गिरि (giri, “brother's wife”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: गिरि (giri, “brother's wife”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*glōs"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *glōs",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *glōs"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "glōs"
},
"expansion": "Latin: glōs",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: glōs"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*zъly"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic: *zъly",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Slavic: *zъly (see there for further descendants)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "el",
"2": "γάλα",
"t": "milk"
},
"expansion": "Greek γάλα (gála, “milk”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hit",
"gloss": "to soothe",
"tr": "galak-"
},
"expansion": "Hittite [script needed] (galak-, “to soothe”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "trk-pro",
"2": "*kẹlin"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Turkic *kẹlin",
"name": "ncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-pro",
"2": "*kälew"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Uralic *kälew",
"name": "ncog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Possibly from *ǵh₂l- (“to nourish”); compare Greek γάλα (gála, “milk”), Hittite [script needed] (galak-, “to soothe”). According to Mallory and Adams (1997), some forms may be influenced by association with unrelated *gl̥h₁éys (“mouse”). Has sometimes been compared with Proto-Turkic *kẹlin and/or Proto-Uralic *kälew.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ine-decl-noun-mf",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ǵh₂lṓws",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ǵh₂lṓwsh₁",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "ǵh₂lṓwsh₁e",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "ǵh₂lṓwses",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ǵh₂lṓws",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "ǵh₂lṓwsh₁",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "ǵh₂lṓwsh₁e",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "ǵh₂lṓwses",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "ǵh₂lṓwsm̥",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ǵh₂lṓwsh₁",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "ǵh₂lṓwsh₁e",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "ǵh₂lṓwsm̥s",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ǵh₂lowsés",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "ǵh₂lowsóHom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ǵh₂lowsés",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "ǵh₂lowsmós",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ǵh₂lowséy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "ǵh₂lowsmós",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ǵh₂lóws",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ǵh₂lówsi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "ǵh₂lowsú",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ǵh₂lowséh₁",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "ǵh₂lowsmís",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "noun",
"g": "f",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"head2": "",
"head3": "",
"head4": "",
"head5": ""
},
"expansion": "*ǵh₂lōws f",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ǵh₂lṓws",
"2": "ǵh₂lows",
"ac": "amphikinetic",
"loc_sg": "ǵh₂lóws"
},
"name": "ine-decl-noun-mf"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/ǵh₂lōws",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Proto-Indo-European amphikinetic root nouns",
"Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Indo-European feminine nouns",
"Proto-Indo-European lemmas",
"Proto-Indo-European nouns",
"Requests for native script for Hittite terms",
"ine-pro:Female family members"
],
"glosses": [
"sister-in-law (brother's wife)"
],
"links": [
[
"sister-in-law",
"sister-in-law"
],
[
"brother",
"brother"
],
[
"wife",
"wife"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "ǵh₂lōws"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Indo-European dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-06-04 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (e9e0a99 and db5a844). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
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