See ǵews- in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for ǵews- meaning in Proto-Indo-European (9.9kB)
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ǵéws-e-ti (thematic root present)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ǵows-éye-ti (éye-causative)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*kauzijaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *kauzijaną",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *kauzijaną (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*ȷ́awšáyati"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ȷ́awšáyati",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ȷ́awšáyati"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*ȷ́awṣáyati"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *ȷ́awṣáyati",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *ȷ́awṣáyati"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "जोषयते",
"pos": "3sg.med.",
"tr": "joṣáyate"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: जोषयते (joṣáyate, 3sg.med.)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: जोषयते (joṣáyate, 3sg.med.)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ǵus-é-tor (mediopassive)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*ȷ́ušátay"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ȷ́ušátay",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ȷ́ušátay"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*ȷ́uṣátay"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *ȷ́uṣátay",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *ȷ́uṣátay"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "जुषते",
"tr": "juṣáte"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: जुषते (juṣáte)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: जुषते (juṣáte)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ǵu-ǵéws-ti ~ *ǵú-ǵus-nti (reduplicated athematic present)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-ana-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Anatolian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Anatolian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hit",
"t": "to taste",
"tr": "kukušzi"
},
"expansion": "Hittite: [script needed] (kukušzi, “to taste”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Hittite: [script needed] (kukušzi, “to taste”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*ȷ́uȷ́áwštay"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ȷ́uȷ́áwštay",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ȷ́uȷ́áwštay"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "*jujáwštay"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian: *jujáwštay",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Iranian: *jujáwštay"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ae-yng",
"2": "𐬁𐬰𐬏𐬰𐬎𐬱𐬙𐬈",
"pos": "3sg.pres.med."
},
"expansion": "Younger Avestan: 𐬁𐬰𐬏𐬰𐬎𐬱𐬙𐬈 (āzūzušte, 3sg.pres.med.)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Younger Avestan: 𐬁𐬰𐬏𐬰𐬎𐬱𐬙𐬈 (āzūzušte, 3sg.pres.med.)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ǵu-ǵóws-e ~ *ǵú-ǵus-ḗr (zero-grade reduplicated stative)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*ȷ́uȷ́áwša"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ȷ́uȷ́áwša",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ȷ́uȷ́áwša"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*ȷ́uȷ́áwṣa"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *ȷ́uȷ́áwṣa",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *ȷ́uȷ́áwṣa"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "जुजोष",
"tr": "jujóṣa"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: जुजोष (jujóṣa)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: जुजोष (jujóṣa)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ǵéws-o-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*ȷ́áwšas"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ȷ́áwšas",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ȷ́áwšas"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*ȷ́áwṣas"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *ȷ́áwṣas",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *ȷ́áwṣas"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "जोष",
"tr": "jóṣa"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: जोष (jóṣa)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: जोष (jóṣa)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "*jáwšah"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian: *jáwšah",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Iranian: *jáwšah"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ae",
"2": "𐬰𐬀𐬊𐬱𐬀"
},
"expansion": "Avestan: 𐬰𐬀𐬊𐬱𐬀 (zaoša)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Avestan: 𐬰𐬀𐬊𐬱𐬀 (zaoša)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xpr",
"2": "𐫉𐫇𐫢",
"t": "love",
"tr": "zwš"
},
"expansion": "Parthian: 𐫉𐫇𐫢 (zwš, “love”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Parthian: 𐫉𐫇𐫢 (zwš, “love”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ǵéws-ti-s ~ *ǵus-téy-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*kustiz",
"t": "trial"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *kustiz (“trial”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *kustiz (“trial”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*ȷ́úštiš"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ȷ́úštiš",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ȷ́úštiš"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*ȷ́úṣtiṣ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *ȷ́úṣtiṣ",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *ȷ́úṣtiṣ"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "जुष्टि",
"tr": "júṣṭi"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: जुष्टि (júṣṭi)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: जुष्टि (júṣṭi)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ǵéws-tu-s ~ *ǵus-téw-s"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ǵus-tó-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "γευστός"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: γευστός (geustós)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: γευστός (geustós) (with leveling)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*ȷ́uštás"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ȷ́uštás",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ȷ́uštás"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*ȷ́uṣṭás"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *ȷ́uṣṭás",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *ȷ́uṣṭás"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "जुष्ट",
"tr": "juṣṭá"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: जुष्ट (juṣṭá)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: जुष्ट (juṣṭá)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "*juštáh"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian: *juštáh",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Iranian: *juštáh"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ae",
"2": "𐬰𐬎𐬱𐬙𐬀"
},
"expansion": "Avestan: 𐬰𐬎𐬱𐬙𐬀 (zušta)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Avestan: 𐬰𐬎𐬱𐬙𐬀 (zušta)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ǵéws-tōr ~ *ǵus-tr-és"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*ȷ́awštā́"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ȷ́awštā́",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ȷ́awštā́"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*ȷ́awṣṭā́"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *ȷ́awṣṭā́",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *ȷ́awṣṭā́"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "जोष्टृ",
"t": "one who loves",
"tr": "joṣṭṛ́"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: जोष्टृ (joṣṭṛ́, “one who loves”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: जोष्टृ (joṣṭṛ́, “one who loves”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "*jawštā́"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian: *jawštā́",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Iranian: *jawštā́"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "peo",
"2": "𐎭𐎢𐏁𐎫𐎼",
"t": "friend",
"ts": "dauštar"
},
"expansion": "Old Persian: 𐎭𐎢𐏁𐎫𐎼 (d-u-š-t-r /dauštar/, “friend”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Persian: 𐎭𐎢𐏁𐎫𐎼 (d-u-š-t-r /dauštar/, “friend”) (𐎭𐎢𐏁𐎫𐎠 (d-u-š-t-a /dauštā/, nom. sg.))"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "دوست",
"t": "friend",
"tr": "dust"
},
"expansion": "Persian: دوست (dust, “friend”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Persian: دوست (dust, “friend”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ǵows-teh₂"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Proto-Celtic gowsta:'Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Brill, Leiden 2009) p. 18. Zagreb, December 2011. https://mudrac.ffzg.hr/~rmatasov/EDPC-Addenda%20et%20corrigenda.pdf"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Old Irish gúas \"danger, possibility\""
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [],
"text": "Old Irish gúasacht [ā f] ‘danger’ perhaps attested in Ogam as Gen. sg. GOSSUCTTIAS"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/ǵews-",
"pos": "root",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European CeRC-shape roots",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European roots",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to taste, try"
],
"id": "en-ǵews--ine-pro-root-aJPsiEuH",
"links": [
[
"taste",
"taste"
],
[
"try",
"try"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers",
"Helmut Rix",
"Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben"
]
}
],
"word": "ǵews-"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ǵéws-e-ti (thematic root present)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ǵows-éye-ti (éye-causative)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*kauzijaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *kauzijaną",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *kauzijaną (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*ȷ́awšáyati"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ȷ́awšáyati",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ȷ́awšáyati"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*ȷ́awṣáyati"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *ȷ́awṣáyati",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *ȷ́awṣáyati"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "जोषयते",
"pos": "3sg.med.",
"tr": "joṣáyate"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: जोषयते (joṣáyate, 3sg.med.)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: जोषयते (joṣáyate, 3sg.med.)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ǵus-é-tor (mediopassive)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*ȷ́ušátay"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ȷ́ušátay",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ȷ́ušátay"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*ȷ́uṣátay"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *ȷ́uṣátay",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *ȷ́uṣátay"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "जुषते",
"tr": "juṣáte"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: जुषते (juṣáte)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: जुषते (juṣáte)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ǵu-ǵéws-ti ~ *ǵú-ǵus-nti (reduplicated athematic present)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-ana-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Anatolian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Anatolian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hit",
"t": "to taste",
"tr": "kukušzi"
},
"expansion": "Hittite: [script needed] (kukušzi, “to taste”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Hittite: [script needed] (kukušzi, “to taste”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*ȷ́uȷ́áwštay"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ȷ́uȷ́áwštay",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ȷ́uȷ́áwštay"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "*jujáwštay"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian: *jujáwštay",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Iranian: *jujáwštay"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ae-yng",
"2": "𐬁𐬰𐬏𐬰𐬎𐬱𐬙𐬈",
"pos": "3sg.pres.med."
},
"expansion": "Younger Avestan: 𐬁𐬰𐬏𐬰𐬎𐬱𐬙𐬈 (āzūzušte, 3sg.pres.med.)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Younger Avestan: 𐬁𐬰𐬏𐬰𐬎𐬱𐬙𐬈 (āzūzušte, 3sg.pres.med.)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ǵu-ǵóws-e ~ *ǵú-ǵus-ḗr (zero-grade reduplicated stative)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*ȷ́uȷ́áwša"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ȷ́uȷ́áwša",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ȷ́uȷ́áwša"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*ȷ́uȷ́áwṣa"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *ȷ́uȷ́áwṣa",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *ȷ́uȷ́áwṣa"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "जुजोष",
"tr": "jujóṣa"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: जुजोष (jujóṣa)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: जुजोष (jujóṣa)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ǵéws-o-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*ȷ́áwšas"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ȷ́áwšas",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ȷ́áwšas"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*ȷ́áwṣas"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *ȷ́áwṣas",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *ȷ́áwṣas"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "जोष",
"tr": "jóṣa"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: जोष (jóṣa)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: जोष (jóṣa)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "*jáwšah"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian: *jáwšah",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Iranian: *jáwšah"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ae",
"2": "𐬰𐬀𐬊𐬱𐬀"
},
"expansion": "Avestan: 𐬰𐬀𐬊𐬱𐬀 (zaoša)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Avestan: 𐬰𐬀𐬊𐬱𐬀 (zaoša)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xpr",
"2": "𐫉𐫇𐫢",
"t": "love",
"tr": "zwš"
},
"expansion": "Parthian: 𐫉𐫇𐫢 (zwš, “love”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Parthian: 𐫉𐫇𐫢 (zwš, “love”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ǵéws-ti-s ~ *ǵus-téy-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*kustiz",
"t": "trial"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *kustiz (“trial”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *kustiz (“trial”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*ȷ́úštiš"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ȷ́úštiš",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ȷ́úštiš"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*ȷ́úṣtiṣ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *ȷ́úṣtiṣ",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *ȷ́úṣtiṣ"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "जुष्टि",
"tr": "júṣṭi"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: जुष्टि (júṣṭi)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: जुष्टि (júṣṭi)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ǵéws-tu-s ~ *ǵus-téw-s"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ǵus-tó-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "γευστός"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: γευστός (geustós)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: γευστός (geustós) (with leveling)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*ȷ́uštás"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ȷ́uštás",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ȷ́uštás"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*ȷ́uṣṭás"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *ȷ́uṣṭás",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *ȷ́uṣṭás"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "जुष्ट",
"tr": "juṣṭá"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: जुष्ट (juṣṭá)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: जुष्ट (juṣṭá)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "*juštáh"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian: *juštáh",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Iranian: *juštáh"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ae",
"2": "𐬰𐬎𐬱𐬙𐬀"
},
"expansion": "Avestan: 𐬰𐬎𐬱𐬙𐬀 (zušta)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Avestan: 𐬰𐬎𐬱𐬙𐬀 (zušta)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ǵéws-tōr ~ *ǵus-tr-és"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*ȷ́awštā́"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ȷ́awštā́",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ȷ́awštā́"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*ȷ́awṣṭā́"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *ȷ́awṣṭā́",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *ȷ́awṣṭā́"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "जोष्टृ",
"t": "one who loves",
"tr": "joṣṭṛ́"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: जोष्टृ (joṣṭṛ́, “one who loves”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: जोष्टृ (joṣṭṛ́, “one who loves”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "*jawštā́"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian: *jawštā́",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Iranian: *jawštā́"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "peo",
"2": "𐎭𐎢𐏁𐎫𐎼",
"t": "friend",
"ts": "dauštar"
},
"expansion": "Old Persian: 𐎭𐎢𐏁𐎫𐎼 (d-u-š-t-r /dauštar/, “friend”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Persian: 𐎭𐎢𐏁𐎫𐎼 (d-u-š-t-r /dauštar/, “friend”) (𐎭𐎢𐏁𐎫𐎠 (d-u-š-t-a /dauštā/, nom. sg.))"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "دوست",
"t": "friend",
"tr": "dust"
},
"expansion": "Persian: دوست (dust, “friend”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Persian: دوست (dust, “friend”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ǵows-teh₂"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Proto-Celtic gowsta:'Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Brill, Leiden 2009) p. 18. Zagreb, December 2011. https://mudrac.ffzg.hr/~rmatasov/EDPC-Addenda%20et%20corrigenda.pdf"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Old Irish gúas \"danger, possibility\""
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [],
"text": "Old Irish gúasacht [ā f] ‘danger’ perhaps attested in Ogam as Gen. sg. GOSSUCTTIAS"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/ǵews-",
"pos": "root",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Proto-Indo-European CeRC-shape roots",
"Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Indo-European lemmas",
"Proto-Indo-European roots",
"ine-pro:Taste"
],
"glosses": [
"to taste, try"
],
"links": [
[
"taste",
"taste"
],
[
"try",
"try"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers",
"Helmut Rix",
"Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben"
]
}
],
"word": "ǵews-"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Indo-European dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-06-19 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-06-06 using wiktextract (372f256 and 664a3bc). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.