See ǵʰey- in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "unknown",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"word": "*ǵʰéy-mn̥"
},
{
"lang": "unknown",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"word": "*ǵʰi-mén-s"
},
{
"lang": "unknown",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"word": "*ǵʰéy-ōm"
},
{
"lang": "unknown",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"word": "*ǵʰi-m-és"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/ǵʰey-",
"pos": "root",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"winter"
],
"id": "en-ǵʰey--ine-pro-root-ine_pro:winter",
"links": [
[
"winter",
"winter"
]
],
"senseid": [
"ine-pro:winter"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "ǵʰey-"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"lang_code": "sa",
"roman": "áhema",
"word": "अहेम"
},
{
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"lang_code": "sa",
"roman": "ahyan",
"word": "अह्यन्"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-Aryan",
"lang_code": "inc-pro",
"word": "*Háźʰayt ~ *Háźʰyant"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-Iranian",
"lang_code": "iir-pro",
"word": "*Háȷ́ʰayt"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"lang_code": "sa",
"roman": "áhema",
"word": "अहेम"
},
{
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"lang_code": "sa",
"roman": "ahyan",
"word": "अह्यन्"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-Aryan",
"lang_code": "inc-pro",
"word": "*Háźʰayt ~ *Háźʰyant"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-Iranian",
"lang_code": "iir-pro",
"word": "*Háȷ́ʰyant"
}
],
"lang": "unknown",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"word": "*ǵʰéy-t ~ *ǵʰy-ént"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"lang_code": "sa",
"roman": "hinóti",
"word": "हिनोति"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-Aryan",
"lang_code": "inc-pro",
"word": "*źʰináwti"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-Iranian",
"lang_code": "iir-pro",
"word": "*ȷ́ʰináwti"
}
],
"lang": "unknown",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"word": "*ǵʰi-néw-ti ~ *ǵʰi-nw-énti"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Younger Avestan",
"lang_code": "ae",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"roman": "frazaiiaiiāmi",
"word": "𐬟𐬭𐬀𐬰𐬀𐬌𐬌𐬀𐬌𐬌𐬁𐬨𐬌"
}
],
"lang": "Avestan",
"lang_code": "ae"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Iranian",
"lang_code": "ira-pro",
"word": "*jāyáyati"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-Iranian",
"lang_code": "iir-pro",
"word": "*ȷ́ʰāyáyati"
}
],
"lang": "unknown",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"word": "*ǵʰoy-éye-ti"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"lang_code": "sa",
"raw_tags": [
"m"
],
"roman": "hemán",
"sense": "impulse, zeal, driving",
"word": "हेमन्"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-Aryan",
"lang_code": "inc-pro",
"word": "*źʰáyma"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Old Avestan",
"lang_code": "ae",
"roman": "zaēman",
"word": "𐬰𐬀𐬉𐬨𐬀𐬥"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Iranian",
"lang_code": "ira-pro",
"word": "*jáyma"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-Iranian",
"lang_code": "iir-pro",
"word": "*ȷ́ʰáyma"
}
],
"lang": "unknown",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"word": "*ǵʰéy-mn̥ ~ *ǵʰi-méns"
},
{
"lang": "unknown",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"word": "*ǵʰéy-o-s"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Proto-Balto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "ine-bsl-pro",
"word": "*źṓjinkas"
}
],
"lang": "unknown",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"word": "*ǵʰṓy-in-kos"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"lang_code": "sa",
"roman": "hi",
"word": "हि"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-Aryan",
"lang_code": "inc-pro"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-Iranian",
"lang_code": "iir-pro"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/ǵʰey-",
"pos": "root",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 100",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 100",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 100",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European CeR-shaped roots",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 100",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 100",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European homonymic roots",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 100",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European roots",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to drive, propel"
],
"id": "en-ǵʰey--ine-pro-root-ine_pro:drive",
"links": [
[
"drive",
"drive"
],
[
"propel",
"propel"
]
],
"senseid": [
"ine-pro:drive"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Helmut Rix",
"Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben"
],
"word": "ǵʰey-"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Indo-European CeR-shaped roots",
"Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Indo-European homonymic roots",
"Proto-Indo-European lemmas",
"Proto-Indo-European roots"
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "unknown",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"word": "*ǵʰéy-mn̥"
},
{
"lang": "unknown",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"word": "*ǵʰi-mén-s"
},
{
"lang": "unknown",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"word": "*ǵʰéy-ōm"
},
{
"lang": "unknown",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"word": "*ǵʰi-m-és"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/ǵʰey-",
"pos": "root",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"winter"
],
"links": [
[
"winter",
"winter"
]
],
"senseid": [
"ine-pro:winter"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "ǵʰey-"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Indo-European CeR-shaped roots",
"Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Indo-European homonymic roots",
"Proto-Indo-European lemmas",
"Proto-Indo-European roots"
],
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"lang_code": "sa",
"roman": "áhema",
"word": "अहेम"
},
{
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"lang_code": "sa",
"roman": "ahyan",
"word": "अह्यन्"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-Aryan",
"lang_code": "inc-pro",
"word": "*Háźʰayt ~ *Háźʰyant"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-Iranian",
"lang_code": "iir-pro",
"word": "*Háȷ́ʰayt"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"lang_code": "sa",
"roman": "áhema",
"word": "अहेम"
},
{
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"lang_code": "sa",
"roman": "ahyan",
"word": "अह्यन्"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-Aryan",
"lang_code": "inc-pro",
"word": "*Háźʰayt ~ *Háźʰyant"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-Iranian",
"lang_code": "iir-pro",
"word": "*Háȷ́ʰyant"
}
],
"lang": "unknown",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"word": "*ǵʰéy-t ~ *ǵʰy-ént"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"lang_code": "sa",
"roman": "hinóti",
"word": "हिनोति"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-Aryan",
"lang_code": "inc-pro",
"word": "*źʰináwti"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-Iranian",
"lang_code": "iir-pro",
"word": "*ȷ́ʰináwti"
}
],
"lang": "unknown",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"word": "*ǵʰi-néw-ti ~ *ǵʰi-nw-énti"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Younger Avestan",
"lang_code": "ae",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"roman": "frazaiiaiiāmi",
"word": "𐬟𐬭𐬀𐬰𐬀𐬌𐬌𐬀𐬌𐬌𐬁𐬨𐬌"
}
],
"lang": "Avestan",
"lang_code": "ae"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Iranian",
"lang_code": "ira-pro",
"word": "*jāyáyati"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-Iranian",
"lang_code": "iir-pro",
"word": "*ȷ́ʰāyáyati"
}
],
"lang": "unknown",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"word": "*ǵʰoy-éye-ti"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"lang_code": "sa",
"raw_tags": [
"m"
],
"roman": "hemán",
"sense": "impulse, zeal, driving",
"word": "हेमन्"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-Aryan",
"lang_code": "inc-pro",
"word": "*źʰáyma"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Old Avestan",
"lang_code": "ae",
"roman": "zaēman",
"word": "𐬰𐬀𐬉𐬨𐬀𐬥"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Iranian",
"lang_code": "ira-pro",
"word": "*jáyma"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-Iranian",
"lang_code": "iir-pro",
"word": "*ȷ́ʰáyma"
}
],
"lang": "unknown",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"word": "*ǵʰéy-mn̥ ~ *ǵʰi-méns"
},
{
"lang": "unknown",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"word": "*ǵʰéy-o-s"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Proto-Balto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "ine-bsl-pro",
"word": "*źṓjinkas"
}
],
"lang": "unknown",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"word": "*ǵʰṓy-in-kos"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"lang_code": "sa",
"roman": "hi",
"word": "हि"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-Aryan",
"lang_code": "inc-pro"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-Iranian",
"lang_code": "iir-pro"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/ǵʰey-",
"pos": "root",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to drive, propel"
],
"links": [
[
"drive",
"drive"
],
[
"propel",
"propel"
]
],
"senseid": [
"ine-pro:drive"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Helmut Rix",
"Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben"
],
"word": "ǵʰey-"
}
Download raw JSONL data for ǵʰey- meaning in Proto-Indo-European (4.6kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Indo-European dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-08-29 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-08-23 using wiktextract (ffdbfc3 and b9346a0). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.