See ǵʰey- in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ǵʰéy-mn̥ ~ *ǵʰi-mén-s"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ǵʰéy-ōm ~ *ǵʰi-m-és"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/ǵʰey-",
"pos": "root",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"winter"
],
"id": "en-ǵʰey--ine-pro-root-ine_pro:winter",
"links": [
[
"winter",
"winter"
]
],
"senseid": [
"ine-pro:winter"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "ǵʰey-"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ǵʰéy-t ~ *ǵʰy-ént (athematic aorist)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*Háȷ́ʰayt"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Háȷ́ʰayt",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Háȷ́ʰayt ~ *Háȷ́ʰyant"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"alt": "*Háźʰayt ~ *Háźʰyant"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *Háźʰayt ~ *Háźʰyant",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *Háźʰayt ~ *Háźʰyant"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "अहेम",
"3": "अह्यन्",
"pos1": "1pl.act.",
"tr1": "áhema"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: अहेम (áhema, 1pl.act.), अह्यन् (ahyan)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: अहेम (áhema, 1pl.act.), अह्यन् (ahyan)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ǵʰi-néw-ti ~ *ǵʰi-nw-énti (new-present)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*ȷ́ʰináwti"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ȷ́ʰináwti",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ȷ́ʰináwti"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"alt": "*źʰináwti"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *źʰináwti",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *źʰináwti"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "हिनोति",
"tr": "hinóti"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: हिनोति (hinóti)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: हिनोति (hinóti)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ǵʰoy-éye-ti (eye-causative)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*ȷ́ʰāyáyati"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ȷ́ʰāyáyati",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ȷ́ʰāyáyati"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "*jāyáyati"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian: *jāyáyati",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Iranian: *jāyáyati"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ae"
},
"expansion": "Avestan:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Avestan: *zāyayaiti"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ae-yng",
"2": "𐬟𐬭𐬀𐬰𐬀𐬌𐬌𐬀𐬌𐬌𐬁𐬨𐬌",
"der": "1",
"pos": "1sg.caus.act."
},
"expansion": "⇒ Younger Avestan: 𐬟𐬭𐬀𐬰𐬀𐬌𐬌𐬀𐬌𐬌𐬁𐬨𐬌 (frazaiiaiiāmi, 1sg.caus.act.)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Younger Avestan: 𐬟𐬭𐬀𐬰𐬀𐬌𐬌𐬀𐬌𐬌𐬁𐬨𐬌 (frazaiiaiiāmi, 1sg.caus.act.)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ǵʰéy-mn̥ ~ *ǵʰi-méns"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*ȷ́ʰáyma"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ȷ́ʰáyma",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ȷ́ʰáyma"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"alt": "*źʰáyma"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *źʰáyma",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *źʰáyma"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "हेमन्",
"g": "m",
"t": "impulse, zeal, driving",
"tr": "hemán"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: हेमन् m (hemán, “impulse, zeal, driving”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: हेमन् m (hemán, “impulse, zeal, driving”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "*jáyma"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian: *jáyma",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Iranian: *jáyma"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ae-old",
"2": "𐬰𐬀𐬉𐬨𐬀𐬥"
},
"expansion": "Old Avestan: 𐬰𐬀𐬉𐬨𐬀𐬥 (zaēman)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Avestan: 𐬰𐬀𐬉𐬨𐬀𐬥 (zaēman)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ǵʰéy-o-s"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ǵʰó(h₂)y-in-kos"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*źṓˀjinkas"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *źṓˀjinkas",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *źṓˀjinkas (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "हि"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: हि (hi)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: हि (hi)"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/ǵʰey-",
"pos": "root",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 100",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 100",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 100",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European CeR-shaped roots",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 100",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 100",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European homonymic roots",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 100",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European roots",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to drive, propel"
],
"id": "en-ǵʰey--ine-pro-root-ine_pro:drive",
"links": [
[
"drive",
"drive"
],
[
"propel",
"propel"
]
],
"senseid": [
"ine-pro:drive"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Helmut Rix",
"Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben"
],
"word": "ǵʰey-"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Indo-European CeR-shaped roots",
"Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Indo-European homonymic roots",
"Proto-Indo-European lemmas",
"Proto-Indo-European roots"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ǵʰéy-mn̥ ~ *ǵʰi-mén-s"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ǵʰéy-ōm ~ *ǵʰi-m-és"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/ǵʰey-",
"pos": "root",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"winter"
],
"links": [
[
"winter",
"winter"
]
],
"senseid": [
"ine-pro:winter"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "ǵʰey-"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Indo-European CeR-shaped roots",
"Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Indo-European homonymic roots",
"Proto-Indo-European lemmas",
"Proto-Indo-European roots"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ǵʰéy-t ~ *ǵʰy-ént (athematic aorist)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*Háȷ́ʰayt"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Háȷ́ʰayt",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Háȷ́ʰayt ~ *Háȷ́ʰyant"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"alt": "*Háźʰayt ~ *Háźʰyant"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *Háźʰayt ~ *Háźʰyant",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *Háźʰayt ~ *Háźʰyant"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "अहेम",
"3": "अह्यन्",
"pos1": "1pl.act.",
"tr1": "áhema"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: अहेम (áhema, 1pl.act.), अह्यन् (ahyan)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: अहेम (áhema, 1pl.act.), अह्यन् (ahyan)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ǵʰi-néw-ti ~ *ǵʰi-nw-énti (new-present)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*ȷ́ʰináwti"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ȷ́ʰináwti",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ȷ́ʰináwti"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"alt": "*źʰináwti"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *źʰináwti",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *źʰináwti"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "हिनोति",
"tr": "hinóti"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: हिनोति (hinóti)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: हिनोति (hinóti)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ǵʰoy-éye-ti (eye-causative)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*ȷ́ʰāyáyati"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ȷ́ʰāyáyati",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ȷ́ʰāyáyati"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "*jāyáyati"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian: *jāyáyati",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Iranian: *jāyáyati"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ae"
},
"expansion": "Avestan:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Avestan: *zāyayaiti"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ae-yng",
"2": "𐬟𐬭𐬀𐬰𐬀𐬌𐬌𐬀𐬌𐬌𐬁𐬨𐬌",
"der": "1",
"pos": "1sg.caus.act."
},
"expansion": "⇒ Younger Avestan: 𐬟𐬭𐬀𐬰𐬀𐬌𐬌𐬀𐬌𐬌𐬁𐬨𐬌 (frazaiiaiiāmi, 1sg.caus.act.)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Younger Avestan: 𐬟𐬭𐬀𐬰𐬀𐬌𐬌𐬀𐬌𐬌𐬁𐬨𐬌 (frazaiiaiiāmi, 1sg.caus.act.)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ǵʰéy-mn̥ ~ *ǵʰi-méns"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*ȷ́ʰáyma"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ȷ́ʰáyma",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ȷ́ʰáyma"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"alt": "*źʰáyma"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *źʰáyma",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *źʰáyma"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "हेमन्",
"g": "m",
"t": "impulse, zeal, driving",
"tr": "hemán"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: हेमन् m (hemán, “impulse, zeal, driving”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: हेमन् m (hemán, “impulse, zeal, driving”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "*jáyma"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian: *jáyma",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Iranian: *jáyma"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ae-old",
"2": "𐬰𐬀𐬉𐬨𐬀𐬥"
},
"expansion": "Old Avestan: 𐬰𐬀𐬉𐬨𐬀𐬥 (zaēman)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Avestan: 𐬰𐬀𐬉𐬨𐬀𐬥 (zaēman)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ǵʰéy-o-s"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ǵʰó(h₂)y-in-kos"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*źṓˀjinkas"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *źṓˀjinkas",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *źṓˀjinkas (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "हि"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: हि (hi)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: हि (hi)"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/ǵʰey-",
"pos": "root",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to drive, propel"
],
"links": [
[
"drive",
"drive"
],
[
"propel",
"propel"
]
],
"senseid": [
"ine-pro:drive"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Helmut Rix",
"Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben"
],
"word": "ǵʰey-"
}
Download raw JSONL data for ǵʰey- meaning in Proto-Indo-European (5.8kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Indo-European dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-02-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-20 using wiktextract (05fdf6b and 9dbd323). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.