See ǵʰewH- in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ǵʰéwH-e-ti (thematic root present)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*ȷ́ʰáwHati"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ȷ́ʰáwHati",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ȷ́ʰáwHati"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*źʰáwHati"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *źʰáwHati",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *źʰáwHati"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa-ved",
"2": "हवते",
"tr": "hávate"
},
"expansion": "Vedic Sanskrit: हवते (hávate)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Vedic Sanskrit: हवते (hávate)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "*jawHati",
"t": "to call on, invoke"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian: *jawHati (“to call on, invoke”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Iranian: *jawHati (“to call on, invoke”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ae",
"2": "𐬰𐬀𐬎𐬎𐬀𐬌𐬙𐬌"
},
"expansion": "Avestan: 𐬰𐬀𐬎𐬎𐬀𐬌𐬙𐬌 (zauuaⁱti)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Avestan: 𐬰𐬀𐬎𐬎𐬀𐬌𐬙𐬌 (zauuaⁱti)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xco",
"tr": "ɣwy-"
},
"expansion": "Khwarezmian: [script needed] (ɣwy-)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Khwarezmian: [script needed] (ɣwy-)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [],
"text": "Ossetian:"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [],
"text": "Digor: аргъаун (arǧawn), аргъуд (arǧud)"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [],
"text": "Iron: а́ргъауын (árǧawyn), а́ргъуыд (árǧwyd)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ǵʰuH-éye-ti (éye-present)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*ȷ́ʰuHáyati"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ȷ́ʰuHáyati",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ȷ́ʰuHáyati (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ǵʰuH-e-ti (zero-grade root present)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Balto-Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "zavêt",
"t": "to cast a spell"
},
"expansion": "Latvian: zavêt (“to cast a spell”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latvian: zavêt (“to cast a spell”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "žavė́ti",
"t": "to fascinate, to charm"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian: žavė́ti (“to fascinate, to charm”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lithuanian: žavė́ti (“to fascinate, to charm”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*zъvati",
"t": "to call"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic: *zъvati (“to call”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Slavic: *zъvati (“to call”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ǵʰuH-eh₂"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Tocharian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "txb",
"2": "kwā-",
"t": "call, invite"
},
"expansion": "Tocharian B: kwā- (“call, invite”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "or from Schwebeablaut <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"ine-pro\">*ǵʰweH-</i>"
},
"expansion": "(or from Schwebeablaut *ǵʰweH-)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Tocharian B: kwā- (“call, invite”) (or from Schwebeablaut *ǵʰweH-)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ǵʰuH-tus"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Celtic: *gutus (“voice”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Unsorted formations:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sqj-pro",
"2": "*dzulā"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Albanian: *dzulā",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Albanian: *dzulā"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "zulë"
},
"expansion": "Albanian: zulë",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Albanian: zulë"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "zulmë"
},
"expansion": "Albanian: zulmë",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Albanian: zulmë"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Armenian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xcl",
"2": "ձօնեմ",
"alt": "ձաւնեմ",
"t": "to dedicate"
},
"expansion": "Old Armenian: ձաւնեմ (jawnem, “to dedicate”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Armenian: ձաւնեմ (jawnem, “to dedicate”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Hellenic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "καυχάομαι",
"t": "to praise oneself, boast"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: καυχάομαι (kaukháomai, “to praise oneself, boast”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: καυχάομαι (kaukháomai, “to praise oneself, boast”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"pos": "intensive verb"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: [Term?] (intensive verb)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: [Term?] (intensive verb)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "जोहवीमि",
"t": "to call again and again",
"tr": "jóhavīmi"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: जोहवीमि (jóhavīmi, “to call again and again”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: जोहवीमि (jóhavīmi, “to call again and again”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Iranian:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ae",
"2": "𐬰𐬀𐬊𐬰𐬀𐬊𐬨𐬍"
},
"expansion": "Avestan: 𐬰𐬀𐬊𐬰𐬀𐬊𐬨𐬍 (zaozaomī)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Avestan: 𐬰𐬀𐬊𐬰𐬀𐬊𐬨𐬍 (zaozaomī)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "ह्वे"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: ह्वे (hve)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: ह्वे (hve)"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Perhaps connected to the synonymous *gewH-.",
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/ǵʰewH-",
"pos": "root",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European CeRH-shaped roots",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European roots",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to call on, invoke"
],
"id": "en-ǵʰewH--ine-pro-root-n5XbEXyG",
"links": [
[
"call on",
"call on"
],
[
"invoke",
"invoke"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers",
"Rick Derksen",
"Vladimir Orel"
]
}
],
"word": "ǵʰewH-"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ǵʰéwH-e-ti (thematic root present)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*ȷ́ʰáwHati"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ȷ́ʰáwHati",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ȷ́ʰáwHati"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*źʰáwHati"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *źʰáwHati",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *źʰáwHati"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa-ved",
"2": "हवते",
"tr": "hávate"
},
"expansion": "Vedic Sanskrit: हवते (hávate)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Vedic Sanskrit: हवते (hávate)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "*jawHati",
"t": "to call on, invoke"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian: *jawHati (“to call on, invoke”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Iranian: *jawHati (“to call on, invoke”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ae",
"2": "𐬰𐬀𐬎𐬎𐬀𐬌𐬙𐬌"
},
"expansion": "Avestan: 𐬰𐬀𐬎𐬎𐬀𐬌𐬙𐬌 (zauuaⁱti)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Avestan: 𐬰𐬀𐬎𐬎𐬀𐬌𐬙𐬌 (zauuaⁱti)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xco",
"tr": "ɣwy-"
},
"expansion": "Khwarezmian: [script needed] (ɣwy-)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Khwarezmian: [script needed] (ɣwy-)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [],
"text": "Ossetian:"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [],
"text": "Digor: аргъаун (arǧawn), аргъуд (arǧud)"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [],
"text": "Iron: а́ргъауын (árǧawyn), а́ргъуыд (árǧwyd)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ǵʰuH-éye-ti (éye-present)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*ȷ́ʰuHáyati"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ȷ́ʰuHáyati",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ȷ́ʰuHáyati (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ǵʰuH-e-ti (zero-grade root present)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Balto-Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "zavêt",
"t": "to cast a spell"
},
"expansion": "Latvian: zavêt (“to cast a spell”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latvian: zavêt (“to cast a spell”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "žavė́ti",
"t": "to fascinate, to charm"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian: žavė́ti (“to fascinate, to charm”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lithuanian: žavė́ti (“to fascinate, to charm”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*zъvati",
"t": "to call"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic: *zъvati (“to call”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Slavic: *zъvati (“to call”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ǵʰuH-eh₂"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Tocharian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "txb",
"2": "kwā-",
"t": "call, invite"
},
"expansion": "Tocharian B: kwā- (“call, invite”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "or from Schwebeablaut <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"ine-pro\">*ǵʰweH-</i>"
},
"expansion": "(or from Schwebeablaut *ǵʰweH-)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Tocharian B: kwā- (“call, invite”) (or from Schwebeablaut *ǵʰweH-)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ǵʰuH-tus"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Celtic: *gutus (“voice”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Unsorted formations:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sqj-pro",
"2": "*dzulā"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Albanian: *dzulā",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Albanian: *dzulā"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "zulë"
},
"expansion": "Albanian: zulë",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Albanian: zulë"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "zulmë"
},
"expansion": "Albanian: zulmë",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Albanian: zulmë"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Armenian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xcl",
"2": "ձօնեմ",
"alt": "ձաւնեմ",
"t": "to dedicate"
},
"expansion": "Old Armenian: ձաւնեմ (jawnem, “to dedicate”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Armenian: ձաւնեմ (jawnem, “to dedicate”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Hellenic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "καυχάομαι",
"t": "to praise oneself, boast"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: καυχάομαι (kaukháomai, “to praise oneself, boast”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: καυχάομαι (kaukháomai, “to praise oneself, boast”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"pos": "intensive verb"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: [Term?] (intensive verb)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: [Term?] (intensive verb)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "जोहवीमि",
"t": "to call again and again",
"tr": "jóhavīmi"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: जोहवीमि (jóhavīmi, “to call again and again”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: जोहवीमि (jóhavīmi, “to call again and again”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Iranian:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ae",
"2": "𐬰𐬀𐬊𐬰𐬀𐬊𐬨𐬍"
},
"expansion": "Avestan: 𐬰𐬀𐬊𐬰𐬀𐬊𐬨𐬍 (zaozaomī)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Avestan: 𐬰𐬀𐬊𐬰𐬀𐬊𐬨𐬍 (zaozaomī)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "ह्वे"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: ह्वे (hve)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: ह्वे (hve)"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Perhaps connected to the synonymous *gewH-.",
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/ǵʰewH-",
"pos": "root",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Indo-European CeRH-shaped roots",
"Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Indo-European lemmas",
"Proto-Indo-European roots"
],
"glosses": [
"to call on, invoke"
],
"links": [
[
"call on",
"call on"
],
[
"invoke",
"invoke"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers",
"Rick Derksen",
"Vladimir Orel"
]
}
],
"word": "ǵʰewH-"
}
Download raw JSONL data for ǵʰewH- meaning in Proto-Indo-European (6.9kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Indo-European dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-03-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-03-02 using wiktextract (b81b832 and 633533e). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.