See ǵʰers- in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for ǵʰers- meaning in Proto-Indo-European (5.4kB)
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ǵʰérs-e-ti (thematic root present)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*ȷ́ʰáršati"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ȷ́ʰáršati",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ȷ́ʰáršati (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ǵʰors-éye-ti (eye-causative)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*ȷ́ʰaršáyati"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ȷ́ʰaršáyati",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ȷ́ʰaršáyati (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ǵʰo-ǵʰérs-t ~ *ǵʰo-ǵʰr̥s-ént (o-reduplicated athematic root aorist)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*Háȷ́ʰāȷ́ʰaršt"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Háȷ́ʰāȷ́ʰaršt",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Háȷ́ʰāȷ́ʰaršt (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ǵʰr̥s-éh₁(ye)-ti (eh₁-stative)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"alt": "*horzēō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *horzēō",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *horzēō"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "horreō"
},
"expansion": "Latin: horreō",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: horreō"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ǵʰr̥s-é-ti (tudati-type root thematic present)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*gʰr̥šáti"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *gʰr̥šáti",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *gʰr̥šáti"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "*gr̥šáti"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian: *gr̥šáti",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Iranian: *gr̥šáti (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ǵʰr̥s-yé-ti (ye-present)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*ȷ́ʰr̥šyáti"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ȷ́ʰr̥šyáti",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ȷ́ʰr̥šyáti (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ǵʰórs-ōs"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"alt": "*horzōs"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *horzōs",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *horzōs"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "horror"
},
"expansion": "Latin: horror",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: horror"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ǵʰers-to-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*herztos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *herztos",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *herztos"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "hīrtus",
"t": "hairy, shaggy"
},
"expansion": "Latin: hīrtus (“hairy, shaggy”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: hīrtus (“hairy, shaggy”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ǵʰérs-o-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": "*kʰérsos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic: *kʰérsos",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic: *kʰérsos"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "χέρσος"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: χέρσος (khérsos)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: χέρσος (khérsos)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Unsorted formations:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Armenian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xcl",
"2": "ձառ"
},
"expansion": "Old Armenian: ձառ (jaṙ)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Armenian: ձառ (jaṙ)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Indo-Iranian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Iranian:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ps",
"2": "زيږ",
"tr": "ziģ"
},
"expansion": "Pashto: زيږ (ziģ)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Pashto: زيږ (ziģ)"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/ǵʰers-",
"pos": "root",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"stiff"
],
"id": "en-ǵʰers--ine-pro-root-5~k6Yovu",
"links": [
[
"stiff",
"stiff"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 100",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European CeRC-shape roots",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 100",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 100",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European roots",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"surprised"
],
"id": "en-ǵʰers--ine-pro-root-D0ccNHKE",
"links": [
[
"surprised",
"surprised"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Helmut Rix",
"Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben"
],
"word": "ǵʰers-"
}
{
"categories": [
"Proto-Indo-European CeRC-shape roots",
"Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Indo-European lemmas",
"Proto-Indo-European roots"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ǵʰérs-e-ti (thematic root present)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*ȷ́ʰáršati"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ȷ́ʰáršati",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ȷ́ʰáršati (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ǵʰors-éye-ti (eye-causative)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*ȷ́ʰaršáyati"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ȷ́ʰaršáyati",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ȷ́ʰaršáyati (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ǵʰo-ǵʰérs-t ~ *ǵʰo-ǵʰr̥s-ént (o-reduplicated athematic root aorist)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*Háȷ́ʰāȷ́ʰaršt"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Háȷ́ʰāȷ́ʰaršt",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Háȷ́ʰāȷ́ʰaršt (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ǵʰr̥s-éh₁(ye)-ti (eh₁-stative)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"alt": "*horzēō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *horzēō",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *horzēō"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "horreō"
},
"expansion": "Latin: horreō",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: horreō"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ǵʰr̥s-é-ti (tudati-type root thematic present)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*gʰr̥šáti"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *gʰr̥šáti",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *gʰr̥šáti"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "*gr̥šáti"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian: *gr̥šáti",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Iranian: *gr̥šáti (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ǵʰr̥s-yé-ti (ye-present)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*ȷ́ʰr̥šyáti"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ȷ́ʰr̥šyáti",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ȷ́ʰr̥šyáti (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ǵʰórs-ōs"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"alt": "*horzōs"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *horzōs",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *horzōs"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "horror"
},
"expansion": "Latin: horror",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: horror"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ǵʰers-to-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*herztos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *herztos",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *herztos"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "hīrtus",
"t": "hairy, shaggy"
},
"expansion": "Latin: hīrtus (“hairy, shaggy”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: hīrtus (“hairy, shaggy”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ǵʰérs-o-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": "*kʰérsos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic: *kʰérsos",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic: *kʰérsos"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "χέρσος"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: χέρσος (khérsos)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: χέρσος (khérsos)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Unsorted formations:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Armenian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xcl",
"2": "ձառ"
},
"expansion": "Old Armenian: ձառ (jaṙ)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Armenian: ձառ (jaṙ)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Indo-Iranian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Iranian:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ps",
"2": "زيږ",
"tr": "ziģ"
},
"expansion": "Pashto: زيږ (ziģ)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Pashto: زيږ (ziģ)"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/ǵʰers-",
"pos": "root",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"stiff"
],
"links": [
[
"stiff",
"stiff"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"surprised"
],
"links": [
[
"surprised",
"surprised"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Helmut Rix",
"Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben"
],
"word": "ǵʰers-"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Indo-European dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-06-04 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (e9e0a99 and db5a844). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
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