See ǵʰed- in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ǵʰéd-e-ti (thematic root present)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*ȷ́ʰádati"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ȷ́ʰádati",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ȷ́ʰádati"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*źʰádati"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *źʰádati",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *źʰádati"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "हदति",
"t": "to evacuate, discharge excrement",
"tr": "hádati"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: हदति (hádati, “to evacuate, discharge excrement”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: हदति (hádati, “to evacuate, discharge excrement”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ǵʰéd-ye-ti (ye-present)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": "*kʰédzō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic: *kʰédzō",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic: *kʰédzō"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "χέζω",
"t": "to shit"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: χέζω (khézō, “to shit”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: χέζω (khézō, “to shit”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sqj-pro",
"2": "*dzetša"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Albanian: *dzetša\nAlbanian: dhjes",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Albanian: *dzetša\nAlbanian: dhjes"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ǵʰḗd-s-t ~ *ǵʰéd-s-n̥t (s-aorist)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": "*ékʰesə"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic: *ékʰesə",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic: *ékʰesə"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "ἔχεσα"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: ἔχεσα (ékhesa)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: ἔχεσα (ékhesa)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ǵʰe-ǵʰód-e ~ *ǵʰe-ǵʰd-ḗr (stative)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": "*kékʰoda"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic: *kékʰoda",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic: *kékʰoda"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "κέχοδα"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: κέχοδα (kékhoda)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: κέχοδα (kékhoda)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sqj-pro",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Albanian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Albanian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "ndot",
"t": "to make dirty",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Albanian: ndot (“to make dirty”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": ">? Albanian: ndot (“to make dirty”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ǵʰéd-o-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hyx-pro",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Armenian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Armenian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xcl",
"2": "ձետ",
"t": "tail"
},
"expansion": "Old Armenian: ձետ (jet, “tail”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Armenian: ձետ (jet, “tail”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*ȷ́ʰádas"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ȷ́ʰádas",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ȷ́ʰádas"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "*jádah"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian: *jádah",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Iranian: *jádah"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ae",
"2": "𐬰𐬀𐬛𐬀𐬵",
"g": "m",
"t": "buttocks"
},
"expansion": "Avestan: 𐬰𐬀𐬛𐬀𐬵 m (zadah, “buttocks”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Avestan: 𐬰𐬀𐬛𐬀𐬵 m (zadah, “buttocks”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Unsorted formations:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*zadъ",
"g": "m",
"t": "rump",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Proto-Slavic: *zadъ m (“rump”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": ">? Proto-Slavic: *zadъ m (“rump”)"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/ǵʰed-",
"pos": "root",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European CeC-shape roots",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European roots",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to defecate"
],
"id": "en-ǵʰed--ine-pro-root--7oC01Ui",
"links": [
[
"defecate",
"defecate"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Helmut Rix",
"Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben",
"Vladimir Orel"
]
}
],
"word": "ǵʰed-"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ǵʰéd-e-ti (thematic root present)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*ȷ́ʰádati"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ȷ́ʰádati",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ȷ́ʰádati"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*źʰádati"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *źʰádati",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *źʰádati"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "हदति",
"t": "to evacuate, discharge excrement",
"tr": "hádati"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: हदति (hádati, “to evacuate, discharge excrement”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: हदति (hádati, “to evacuate, discharge excrement”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ǵʰéd-ye-ti (ye-present)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": "*kʰédzō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic: *kʰédzō",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic: *kʰédzō"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "χέζω",
"t": "to shit"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: χέζω (khézō, “to shit”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: χέζω (khézō, “to shit”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sqj-pro",
"2": "*dzetša"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Albanian: *dzetša\nAlbanian: dhjes",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Albanian: *dzetša\nAlbanian: dhjes"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ǵʰḗd-s-t ~ *ǵʰéd-s-n̥t (s-aorist)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": "*ékʰesə"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic: *ékʰesə",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic: *ékʰesə"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "ἔχεσα"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: ἔχεσα (ékhesa)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: ἔχεσα (ékhesa)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ǵʰe-ǵʰód-e ~ *ǵʰe-ǵʰd-ḗr (stative)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": "*kékʰoda"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic: *kékʰoda",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic: *kékʰoda"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "κέχοδα"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: κέχοδα (kékhoda)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: κέχοδα (kékhoda)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sqj-pro",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Albanian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Albanian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "ndot",
"t": "to make dirty",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Albanian: ndot (“to make dirty”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": ">? Albanian: ndot (“to make dirty”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ǵʰéd-o-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hyx-pro",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Armenian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Armenian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xcl",
"2": "ձետ",
"t": "tail"
},
"expansion": "Old Armenian: ձետ (jet, “tail”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Armenian: ձետ (jet, “tail”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*ȷ́ʰádas"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ȷ́ʰádas",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ȷ́ʰádas"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "*jádah"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian: *jádah",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Iranian: *jádah"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ae",
"2": "𐬰𐬀𐬛𐬀𐬵",
"g": "m",
"t": "buttocks"
},
"expansion": "Avestan: 𐬰𐬀𐬛𐬀𐬵 m (zadah, “buttocks”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Avestan: 𐬰𐬀𐬛𐬀𐬵 m (zadah, “buttocks”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Unsorted formations:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*zadъ",
"g": "m",
"t": "rump",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Proto-Slavic: *zadъ m (“rump”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": ">? Proto-Slavic: *zadъ m (“rump”)"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/ǵʰed-",
"pos": "root",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Proto-Indo-European CeC-shape roots",
"Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Indo-European lemmas",
"Proto-Indo-European roots",
"ine-pro:Bodily functions",
"ine-pro:Feces"
],
"glosses": [
"to defecate"
],
"links": [
[
"defecate",
"defecate"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Helmut Rix",
"Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben",
"Vladimir Orel"
]
}
],
"word": "ǵʰed-"
}
Download raw JSONL data for ǵʰed- meaning in Proto-Indo-European (4.8kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Indo-European dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-09-01 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-08-20 using wiktextract (8e41825 and f99c758). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.