See úd in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*ū́"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *ū́",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *ū́"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*vy-",
"pos": "pref",
"t": "out"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic: *vy- (“out”, pref)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "< Winter's law < *ud-"
},
"expansion": "(< Winter's law < *ud-)",
"name": "q"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Slavic: *vy- (“out”, pref) (< Winter's law < *ud-) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*ud-",
"pos": "pref."
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic: *ud- (pref.)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Celtic: *ud- (pref.)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "od-"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish: od-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Irish: od-"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*ūt",
"pos": "adv",
"t": "out, outward"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *ūt (“out, outward”, adverb)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lengthened due to monosyllabicity"
},
"expansion": "(lengthened due to monosyllabicity)",
"name": "q"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *ūt (“out, outward”, adverb) (lengthened due to monosyllabicity) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": "*u"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic: *u",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic: *u"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "ὑ-",
"3": "ὑ",
"pos": "pref.",
"pos2": "prep.."
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: ὑ- (hu-, pref.), ὑ (hu, prep..)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: ὑ- (hu-, pref.), ὑ (hu, prep..)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*ud-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ud-",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ud- (see there for further descendants)"
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "adverb",
"cat2": "",
"cat3": "",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "*úd",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/úd",
"pos": "adv",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"english": "see there for further descendants",
"sense": "*úd-s (prep.) (< genitive)",
"word": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *uźLatvian: uzLithuanian: užProto-Slavic: *vъz"
},
{
"english": "out (of); prep.; see there for further descendants",
"sense": "*úd-s (prep.) (< genitive)",
"word": "uz"
},
{
"english": "up, off",
"sense": "Proto-Celtic: *uss- (prep.); Old Irish",
"word": "uss-"
},
{
"alt": "GOI",
"sense": "Proto-Celtic: *uss- (prep.); Old Irish",
"word": "oss-"
},
{
"english": "before a stop or m",
"sense": "Proto-Celtic: *uss- (prep.); Old Irish",
"word": "od-"
},
{
"sense": "Proto-Celtic: *uss- (prep.); Old Irish",
"word": "ó-"
},
{
"english": "before a liquid or n",
"sense": "Proto-Celtic: *uss- (prep.); Old Irish",
"word": "úa-"
},
{
"alt": "< *úds-kʷeh₁ (instr.)",
"english": "above, upwards; see there for further descendants",
"sense": "*úd-s-kʷe (“above”, prep.)",
"tags": [
"adverb"
],
"word": "utˢčáH"
},
{
"english": "all the way, up to; see there for further descendants",
"sense": "Proto-Italic: *ū̆skʷe",
"tags": [
"Latin",
"adverb"
],
"word": "ū̆sque"
},
{
"english": "higher, outer",
"tags": [
"contrastive"
],
"word": "úd-ter-o-s"
},
{
"english": "abdomen, stomach; deadjectival of original superlative",
"word": "úd-er-o-s"
},
{
"english": "latest, last",
"roman": "hústătos, superl.",
"sense": "Proto-Hellenic: *ústəmos",
"tags": [
"Ancient-Greek"
],
"word": "ὕστᾰτος"
},
{
"english": "highest, most elevated; see there for further descendants",
"sense": "*ud-tm̥m-ó-s (“highest, most outer”, superl.)",
"word": "utˢtamás"
}
],
"glosses": [
"upwards, away, out, outward"
],
"id": "en-úd-ine-pro-adv-6jpCBtB3",
"links": [
[
"upwards",
"upwards"
],
[
"away",
"away"
],
[
"out",
"out"
],
[
"outward",
"outward"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers",
"Rick Derksen"
]
}
],
"word": "úd"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"english": "see there for further descendants",
"sense": "*úd-s (prep.) (< genitive)",
"word": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *uźLatvian: uzLithuanian: užProto-Slavic: *vъz"
},
{
"english": "up, off",
"sense": "Proto-Celtic: *uss- (prep.); Old Irish",
"word": "uss-"
},
{
"alt": "GOI",
"sense": "Proto-Celtic: *uss- (prep.); Old Irish",
"word": "oss-"
},
{
"english": "before a stop or m",
"sense": "Proto-Celtic: *uss- (prep.); Old Irish",
"word": "od-"
},
{
"sense": "Proto-Celtic: *uss- (prep.); Old Irish",
"word": "ó-"
},
{
"english": "before a liquid or n",
"sense": "Proto-Celtic: *uss- (prep.); Old Irish",
"word": "úa-"
},
{
"english": "out (of); prep.; see there for further descendants",
"sense": "*úd-s (prep.) (< genitive)",
"word": "uz"
},
{
"alt": "< *úds-kʷeh₁ (instr.)",
"english": "above, upwards; see there for further descendants",
"sense": "*úd-s-kʷe (“above”, prep.)",
"tags": [
"adverb"
],
"word": "utˢčáH"
},
{
"english": "all the way, up to; see there for further descendants",
"sense": "Proto-Italic: *ū̆skʷe",
"tags": [
"Latin",
"adverb"
],
"word": "ū̆sque"
},
{
"english": "higher, outer",
"tags": [
"contrastive"
],
"word": "úd-ter-o-s"
},
{
"english": "latest, last",
"roman": "hústătos, superl.",
"sense": "Proto-Hellenic: *ústəmos",
"tags": [
"Ancient-Greek"
],
"word": "ὕστᾰτος"
},
{
"english": "highest, most elevated; see there for further descendants",
"sense": "*ud-tm̥m-ó-s (“highest, most outer”, superl.)",
"word": "utˢtamás"
},
{
"english": "abdomen, stomach; deadjectival of original superlative",
"word": "úd-er-o-s"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*ū́"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *ū́",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *ū́"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*vy-",
"pos": "pref",
"t": "out"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic: *vy- (“out”, pref)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "< Winter's law < *ud-"
},
"expansion": "(< Winter's law < *ud-)",
"name": "q"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Slavic: *vy- (“out”, pref) (< Winter's law < *ud-) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*ud-",
"pos": "pref."
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic: *ud- (pref.)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Celtic: *ud- (pref.)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "od-"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish: od-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Irish: od-"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*ūt",
"pos": "adv",
"t": "out, outward"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *ūt (“out, outward”, adverb)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lengthened due to monosyllabicity"
},
"expansion": "(lengthened due to monosyllabicity)",
"name": "q"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *ūt (“out, outward”, adverb) (lengthened due to monosyllabicity) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": "*u"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic: *u",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic: *u"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "ὑ-",
"3": "ὑ",
"pos": "pref.",
"pos2": "prep.."
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: ὑ- (hu-, pref.), ὑ (hu, prep..)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: ὑ- (hu-, pref.), ὑ (hu, prep..)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*ud-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ud-",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ud- (see there for further descendants)"
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "adverb",
"cat2": "",
"cat3": "",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "*úd",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/úd",
"pos": "adv",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Indo-European adverbs",
"Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Indo-European lemmas"
],
"glosses": [
"upwards, away, out, outward"
],
"links": [
[
"upwards",
"upwards"
],
[
"away",
"away"
],
[
"out",
"out"
],
[
"outward",
"outward"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers",
"Rick Derksen"
]
}
],
"word": "úd"
}
Download raw JSONL data for úd meaning in Proto-Indo-European (4.4kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Indo-European dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-03-01 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-02-21 using wiktextract (7c21d10 and f2e72e5). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.