See éti in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Armenian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "(?) Old Armenian: -է (-ē)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*ati"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *ati",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "from <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"ine-pro\">*h₁óti</i>, unless from <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"ine-pro\">*h₂éti</i>"
},
"expansion": "(from *h₁óti, unless from *h₂éti)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *ati (from *h₁óti, unless from *h₂éti)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "at-",
"t": "back, away"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian: at- (“back, away”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lithuanian: at- (“back, away”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "at-",
"t": "back away"
},
"expansion": "Latvian: at- (“back away”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latvian: at- (“back away”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "prg",
"2": "et-",
"3": "at-"
},
"expansion": "Old Prussian: et-, at-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Prussian: et-, at-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*otъ",
"3": "*i"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic: *otъ, *i",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Slavic: *otъ, *i (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*ati-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic: *ati-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Celtic: *ati-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-gau",
"2": "ate-"
},
"expansion": "Gaulish: ate-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gaulish: ate-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-bry-pro",
"2": "*ad-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Brythonic: *ad-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Brythonic: *ad-"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kw",
"2": "as-"
},
"expansion": "Cornish: as-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Cornish: as-"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "ad-"
},
"expansion": "Welsh: ad-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Welsh: ad-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "aith-"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish: aith-, ath- (broad form)\nIrish: ath-\nManx: aa-\nScottish Gaelic: ath-",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Irish: aith-, ath- (broad form)\nIrish: ath-\nManx: aa-\nScottish Gaelic: ath-"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*idi",
"3": "*idi-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *idi, *idi-",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *idi, *idi- (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "ἔτι",
"t": "yet"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: ἔτι (éti, “yet”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: ἔτι (éti, “yet”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*áti"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *áti",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *áti"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*áti"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *áti",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *áti"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "अति",
"tr": "áti"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: अति (áti)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: अति (áti) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "*áti"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian: *áti",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Iranian: *áti"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ae-yng",
"2": "𐬀𐬌𐬙𐬌"
},
"expansion": "Younger Avestan: 𐬀𐬌𐬙𐬌 (aⁱti)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Younger Avestan: 𐬀𐬌𐬙𐬌 (aⁱti)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "peo",
"2": "𐎠𐎫𐎹",
"ts": "atiy"
},
"expansion": "Old Persian: 𐎠𐎫𐎹 (a-t-y /atiy/)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Persian: 𐎠𐎫𐎹 (a-t-y /atiy/)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*et"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *et",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *et"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "et",
"t": "and"
},
"expansion": "Latin: et (“and”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: et (“and”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-toc-pro",
"2": "*āté"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Tocharian: *āté",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Tocharian: *āté"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "txb",
"2": "ate"
},
"expansion": "Tocharian B: ate",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Tocharian B: ate"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Tocharian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "txb",
"2": "-ṣ"
},
"expansion": "Tocharian B: -ṣ",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Tocharian B: -ṣ"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"id": "over"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "अत्",
"t": "to go"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit अत् (at, “to go”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*-i",
"nocat": "1"
},
"expansion": "*-i",
"name": "af"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*e-",
"3": "*-ti",
"nocat": "1",
"pos2": "ablative suffix"
},
"expansion": "*e- + *-ti (ablative suffix)",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "De Vaan proposes an old locative singular of *h₁et-, reflected in Sanskrit अत् (at, “to go”), as he explains “Originally used to add something to a previous utterance, or to indicate the sequence of different actions”. Compare *h₂énti and *h₁épi/*h₁ópi for similar derivations of particles in *-i. Beekes and Derksen give the same etymology provided by De Vaan. Ringe, however, reconstructs it as *éti.\nAlternatively, Dunkel prefers a derivation from *e- + *-ti (ablative suffix) as \"from there\" > \"beyond\".",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "adverb",
"cat2": "",
"cat3": "",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "*éti",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/éti",
"pos": "adv",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "100 0 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "100 0 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "100 0 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "100 0 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"beyond"
],
"id": "en-éti-ine-pro-adv-XogY0d0Z",
"links": [
[
"beyond",
"beyond"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "*h₂epóteros"
}
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"over"
],
"id": "en-éti-ine-pro-adv-X7akfjaO",
"links": [
[
"over",
"over"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "*upér"
}
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"and"
],
"id": "en-éti-ine-pro-adv-YgERG4Og",
"links": [
[
"and",
"and"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "*de"
},
{
"word": "*h₁é"
},
{
"word": "*-kʷe"
}
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Lexikon der indogermanischen Partikeln und Pronominalstämme"
],
"word": "éti"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Indo-European adverbs",
"Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Indo-European lemmas",
"Proto-Indo-European links with redundant wikilinks"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Armenian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "(?) Old Armenian: -է (-ē)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*ati"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *ati",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "from <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"ine-pro\">*h₁óti</i>, unless from <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"ine-pro\">*h₂éti</i>"
},
"expansion": "(from *h₁óti, unless from *h₂éti)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *ati (from *h₁óti, unless from *h₂éti)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "at-",
"t": "back, away"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian: at- (“back, away”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lithuanian: at- (“back, away”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "at-",
"t": "back away"
},
"expansion": "Latvian: at- (“back away”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latvian: at- (“back away”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "prg",
"2": "et-",
"3": "at-"
},
"expansion": "Old Prussian: et-, at-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Prussian: et-, at-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*otъ",
"3": "*i"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic: *otъ, *i",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Slavic: *otъ, *i (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*ati-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic: *ati-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Celtic: *ati-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-gau",
"2": "ate-"
},
"expansion": "Gaulish: ate-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gaulish: ate-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-bry-pro",
"2": "*ad-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Brythonic: *ad-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Brythonic: *ad-"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kw",
"2": "as-"
},
"expansion": "Cornish: as-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Cornish: as-"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "ad-"
},
"expansion": "Welsh: ad-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Welsh: ad-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "aith-"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish: aith-, ath- (broad form)\nIrish: ath-\nManx: aa-\nScottish Gaelic: ath-",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Irish: aith-, ath- (broad form)\nIrish: ath-\nManx: aa-\nScottish Gaelic: ath-"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*idi",
"3": "*idi-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *idi, *idi-",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *idi, *idi- (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "ἔτι",
"t": "yet"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: ἔτι (éti, “yet”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: ἔτι (éti, “yet”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*áti"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *áti",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *áti"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*áti"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *áti",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *áti"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "अति",
"tr": "áti"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: अति (áti)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: अति (áti) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "*áti"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian: *áti",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Iranian: *áti"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ae-yng",
"2": "𐬀𐬌𐬙𐬌"
},
"expansion": "Younger Avestan: 𐬀𐬌𐬙𐬌 (aⁱti)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Younger Avestan: 𐬀𐬌𐬙𐬌 (aⁱti)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "peo",
"2": "𐎠𐎫𐎹",
"ts": "atiy"
},
"expansion": "Old Persian: 𐎠𐎫𐎹 (a-t-y /atiy/)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Persian: 𐎠𐎫𐎹 (a-t-y /atiy/)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*et"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *et",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *et"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "et",
"t": "and"
},
"expansion": "Latin: et (“and”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: et (“and”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-toc-pro",
"2": "*āté"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Tocharian: *āté",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Tocharian: *āté"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "txb",
"2": "ate"
},
"expansion": "Tocharian B: ate",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Tocharian B: ate"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Tocharian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "txb",
"2": "-ṣ"
},
"expansion": "Tocharian B: -ṣ",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Tocharian B: -ṣ"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"id": "over"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "अत्",
"t": "to go"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit अत् (at, “to go”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*-i",
"nocat": "1"
},
"expansion": "*-i",
"name": "af"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*e-",
"3": "*-ti",
"nocat": "1",
"pos2": "ablative suffix"
},
"expansion": "*e- + *-ti (ablative suffix)",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "De Vaan proposes an old locative singular of *h₁et-, reflected in Sanskrit अत् (at, “to go”), as he explains “Originally used to add something to a previous utterance, or to indicate the sequence of different actions”. Compare *h₂énti and *h₁épi/*h₁ópi for similar derivations of particles in *-i. Beekes and Derksen give the same etymology provided by De Vaan. Ringe, however, reconstructs it as *éti.\nAlternatively, Dunkel prefers a derivation from *e- + *-ti (ablative suffix) as \"from there\" > \"beyond\".",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "adverb",
"cat2": "",
"cat3": "",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "*éti",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/éti",
"pos": "adv",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"beyond"
],
"links": [
[
"beyond",
"beyond"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "*h₂epóteros"
}
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"over"
],
"links": [
[
"over",
"over"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "*upér"
}
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"and"
],
"links": [
[
"and",
"and"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "*de"
},
{
"word": "*h₁é"
},
{
"word": "*-kʷe"
}
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Lexikon der indogermanischen Partikeln und Pronominalstämme"
],
"word": "éti"
}
Download raw JSONL data for éti meaning in Proto-Indo-European (7.1kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Indo-European dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-05-29 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-05-20 using wiktextract (e937b02 and f1c2b61). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.