See (s)tewp- in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*(s)téwp-e-ti ~ *(s)téwp-o-nti (simple thematic present)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*(s)táwpati"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *(s)táwpati",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *(s)táwpati"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*(s)táwpati"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *(s)táwpati",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *(s)táwpati"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "तोपति",
"tr": "tópati"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: तोपति (tópati)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: तोपति (tópati)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "*stáwpatī"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian: *stáwpatī",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Iranian: *stáwpatī"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pal",
"2": "stwbynytn'",
"t": "to defeat",
"ts": "stōwēnīdan"
},
"expansion": "Middle Persian: stwbynytn' (/stōwēnīdan/, “to defeat”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Persian: stwbynytn' (/stōwēnīdan/, “to defeat”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*(s)tup-yé-ti ~ *(s)tup-yó-nti (zero-grade ye-present)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sqj-pro",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Albanian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Albanian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "përtyp",
"der": "1",
"t": "to chew"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Albanian: përtyp (“to chew”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Albanian: përtyp (“to chew”), shtyp (“to press”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": "*túpťō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic: *túpťō",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic: *túpťō"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "τύπτω"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: τύπτω (túptō)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: τύπτω (túptō)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*(s)tup-eh₁-(ye)- (stative)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"alt": "*stupēō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *stupēō",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *stupēō"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "stupeō"
},
"expansion": "Latin: stupeō",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: stupeō (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*(s)tup-néh₂-ti"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*stuppōną",
"t": "to stop, close; to stop up, plug, stuff",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Proto-Germanic: *stuppōną (“to stop, close; to stop up, plug, stuff”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": ">? Proto-Germanic: *stuppōną (“to stop, close; to stop up, plug, stuff”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*stoppōn"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *stoppōn",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *stoppōn (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*stuppijan",
"der": "1",
"nolb": "1",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒? *stuppijan",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒? *stuppijan (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*(s)tup-ró-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"alt": "*stupros",
"t": "struck, hit > dishonoured"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *stupros (“struck, hit > dishonoured”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *stupros (“struck, hit > dishonoured”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "stuprum",
"der": "1",
"pos": "n",
"t": "dishonour"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Latin: stuprum (“dishonour”, noun)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Latin: stuprum (“dishonour”, noun) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*(s)tup-os"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "τύπος"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: τύπος (túpos)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: τύπος (túpos)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*(s)tup-os ~ *(s)tup-es-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "στύπος"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: στύπος (stúpos)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: στύπος (stúpos)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Unsorted formations:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*tъpati"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic: *tъpati",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Slavic: *tъpati"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cu",
"2": "тъпати"
},
"expansion": "Old Church Slavonic: тъпати (tŭpati)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Church Slavonic: тъпати (tŭpati)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*staupaz",
"t": "steep",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Proto-Germanic: *staupaz (“steep”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": ">? Proto-Germanic: *staupaz (“steep”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*steupa-",
"t": "step-",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Proto-Germanic: *steupa- (“step-”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": ">? Proto-Germanic: *steupa- (“step-”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "δοῦπος"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: δοῦπος (doûpos)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: δοῦπος (doûpos), ἐρίγδουπος (erígdoupos)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pal",
"2": "stwb'",
"t": "distressed, defeated",
"ts": "stō"
},
"expansion": "Middle Persian: stwb' (/stō/, “distressed, defeated”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Persian: stwb' (/stō/, “distressed, defeated”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fa-cls",
"2": "ستوه",
"t": "struck by strong negative emotion",
"tr": "sutōh"
},
"expansion": "Classical Persian: ستوه (sutōh, “struck by strong negative emotion”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Classical Persian: ستوه (sutōh, “struck by strong negative emotion”)"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Extended from *(s)tew- (“to push, hit”).",
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/(s)tewp-",
"pos": "root",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European roots",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European roots with s-mobile",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European sCeRC-shape roots",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to push, to stick"
],
"id": "en-(s)tewp--ine-pro-root-OXPEOhhv",
"links": [
[
"push",
"push"
],
[
"stick",
"stick"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Helmut Rix",
"Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben"
]
}
],
"word": "(s)tewp-"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*(s)téwp-e-ti ~ *(s)téwp-o-nti (simple thematic present)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*(s)táwpati"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *(s)táwpati",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *(s)táwpati"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*(s)táwpati"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *(s)táwpati",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *(s)táwpati"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "तोपति",
"tr": "tópati"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: तोपति (tópati)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: तोपति (tópati)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "*stáwpatī"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian: *stáwpatī",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Iranian: *stáwpatī"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pal",
"2": "stwbynytn'",
"t": "to defeat",
"ts": "stōwēnīdan"
},
"expansion": "Middle Persian: stwbynytn' (/stōwēnīdan/, “to defeat”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Persian: stwbynytn' (/stōwēnīdan/, “to defeat”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*(s)tup-yé-ti ~ *(s)tup-yó-nti (zero-grade ye-present)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sqj-pro",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Albanian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Albanian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "përtyp",
"der": "1",
"t": "to chew"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Albanian: përtyp (“to chew”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Albanian: përtyp (“to chew”), shtyp (“to press”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": "*túpťō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic: *túpťō",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic: *túpťō"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "τύπτω"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: τύπτω (túptō)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: τύπτω (túptō)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*(s)tup-eh₁-(ye)- (stative)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"alt": "*stupēō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *stupēō",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *stupēō"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "stupeō"
},
"expansion": "Latin: stupeō",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: stupeō (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*(s)tup-néh₂-ti"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*stuppōną",
"t": "to stop, close; to stop up, plug, stuff",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Proto-Germanic: *stuppōną (“to stop, close; to stop up, plug, stuff”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": ">? Proto-Germanic: *stuppōną (“to stop, close; to stop up, plug, stuff”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*stoppōn"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *stoppōn",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *stoppōn (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*stuppijan",
"der": "1",
"nolb": "1",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒? *stuppijan",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒? *stuppijan (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*(s)tup-ró-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"alt": "*stupros",
"t": "struck, hit > dishonoured"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *stupros (“struck, hit > dishonoured”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *stupros (“struck, hit > dishonoured”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "stuprum",
"der": "1",
"pos": "n",
"t": "dishonour"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Latin: stuprum (“dishonour”, noun)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Latin: stuprum (“dishonour”, noun) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*(s)tup-os"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "τύπος"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: τύπος (túpos)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: τύπος (túpos)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*(s)tup-os ~ *(s)tup-es-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "στύπος"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: στύπος (stúpos)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: στύπος (stúpos)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Unsorted formations:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*tъpati"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic: *tъpati",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Slavic: *tъpati"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cu",
"2": "тъпати"
},
"expansion": "Old Church Slavonic: тъпати (tŭpati)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Church Slavonic: тъпати (tŭpati)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*staupaz",
"t": "steep",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Proto-Germanic: *staupaz (“steep”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": ">? Proto-Germanic: *staupaz (“steep”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*steupa-",
"t": "step-",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Proto-Germanic: *steupa- (“step-”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": ">? Proto-Germanic: *steupa- (“step-”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "δοῦπος"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: δοῦπος (doûpos)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: δοῦπος (doûpos), ἐρίγδουπος (erígdoupos)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pal",
"2": "stwb'",
"t": "distressed, defeated",
"ts": "stō"
},
"expansion": "Middle Persian: stwb' (/stō/, “distressed, defeated”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Persian: stwb' (/stō/, “distressed, defeated”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fa-cls",
"2": "ستوه",
"t": "struck by strong negative emotion",
"tr": "sutōh"
},
"expansion": "Classical Persian: ستوه (sutōh, “struck by strong negative emotion”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Classical Persian: ستوه (sutōh, “struck by strong negative emotion”)"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Extended from *(s)tew- (“to push, hit”).",
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/(s)tewp-",
"pos": "root",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Indo-European lemmas",
"Proto-Indo-European roots",
"Proto-Indo-European roots with s-mobile",
"Proto-Indo-European sCeRC-shape roots"
],
"glosses": [
"to push, to stick"
],
"links": [
[
"push",
"push"
],
[
"stick",
"stick"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Helmut Rix",
"Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben"
]
}
],
"word": "(s)tewp-"
}
Download raw JSONL data for (s)tewp- meaning in Proto-Indo-European (7.9kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Indo-European dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (d8cb2f3 and 4e554ae). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.