See (s)prengʰ- in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*(s)préngʰ-e-ti (thematic present)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "",
"3": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "spreñgti",
"t": "to push, tense, span"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian: spreñgti (“to push, tense, span”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lithuanian: spreñgti (“to push, tense, span”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*φlengeti",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Proto-Celtic: *φlengeti",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Proto-Celtic: *φlengeti"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "lingid"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish: lingid",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Irish: lingid (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*springaną",
"t": "to spring, burst"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *springaną (“to spring, burst”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *springaną (“to spring, burst”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*(s)prongʰ-éye-ti (causative)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "",
"3": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*prǫžiti",
"t": "to prance, recoil"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic: *prǫžiti (“to prance, recoil”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Slavic: *prǫžiti (“to prance, recoil”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*sprangijaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *sprangijaną",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *sprangijaną"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*(s)prongʰ-ó-s (“locust”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*(s)prangas"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *(s)prangas",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *(s)prangas"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*prǫgъ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic: *prǫgъ",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Slavic: *prǫgъ (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Unsorted formations"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*lanxsman",
"alt": "*φlanxsman",
"t": "jump"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic: *φlanxsman (“jump”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Celtic: *φlanxsman (“jump”) (see there for further descendants)"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Kroonen (2013) links this root to *sperǵʰ- (“to move rapidly”).. This could be from the nasal-infix present, *spr̥néǵʰti ~ *spr̥nǵʰénti. See *sperǵʰ- for more.",
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/(s)prengʰ-",
"pos": "root",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European roots",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European roots with s-mobile",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European sCReRC-shaped roots",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to spring"
],
"id": "en-(s)prengʰ--ine-pro-root-KnMjqoXh",
"links": [
[
"spring",
"spring"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "*sel-"
}
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers",
"Helmut Rix",
"Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben"
]
}
],
"word": "(s)prengʰ-"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*(s)préngʰ-e-ti (thematic present)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "",
"3": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "spreñgti",
"t": "to push, tense, span"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian: spreñgti (“to push, tense, span”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lithuanian: spreñgti (“to push, tense, span”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*φlengeti",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Proto-Celtic: *φlengeti",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Proto-Celtic: *φlengeti"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "lingid"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish: lingid",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Irish: lingid (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*springaną",
"t": "to spring, burst"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *springaną (“to spring, burst”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *springaną (“to spring, burst”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*(s)prongʰ-éye-ti (causative)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "",
"3": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*prǫžiti",
"t": "to prance, recoil"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic: *prǫžiti (“to prance, recoil”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Slavic: *prǫžiti (“to prance, recoil”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*sprangijaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *sprangijaną",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *sprangijaną"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*(s)prongʰ-ó-s (“locust”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*(s)prangas"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *(s)prangas",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *(s)prangas"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*prǫgъ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic: *prǫgъ",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Slavic: *prǫgъ (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Unsorted formations"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*lanxsman",
"alt": "*φlanxsman",
"t": "jump"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic: *φlanxsman (“jump”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Celtic: *φlanxsman (“jump”) (see there for further descendants)"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Kroonen (2013) links this root to *sperǵʰ- (“to move rapidly”).. This could be from the nasal-infix present, *spr̥néǵʰti ~ *spr̥nǵʰénti. See *sperǵʰ- for more.",
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/(s)prengʰ-",
"pos": "root",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Indo-European lemmas",
"Proto-Indo-European roots",
"Proto-Indo-European roots with s-mobile",
"Proto-Indo-European sCReRC-shaped roots"
],
"glosses": [
"to spring"
],
"links": [
[
"spring",
"spring"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "*sel-"
}
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers",
"Helmut Rix",
"Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben"
]
}
],
"word": "(s)prengʰ-"
}
Download raw JSONL data for (s)prengʰ- meaning in Proto-Indo-European (3.8kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Indo-European dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-06-01 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-05-20 using wiktextract (3dadd05 and f1c2b61). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.