See (s)keng- in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*(s)kéng-e-ti (thematic present)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*kengeti",
"t": "to step, tread"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic: *kengeti (“to step, tread”)\nOld Irish: cingid, ·cing\nIrish: cinn",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Celtic: *kengeti (“to step, tread”)\nOld Irish: cingid, ·cing\nIrish: cinn"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*hinkaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *hinkaną",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *hinkaną"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*hinkan"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *hinkan",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *hinkan (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*kʰánȷ́ati",
"alt": "*k⁽ʰ⁾ánȷ́ati"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *k⁽ʰ⁾ánȷ́ati",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *k⁽ʰ⁾ánȷ́ati"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*kʰánȷ́ati"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *kʰánȷ́ati",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *kʰánȷ́ati"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "खञ्जति",
"t": "to limp",
"tr": "kháñjati"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: खञ्जति (kháñjati, “to limp”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: खञ्जति (kháñjati, “to limp”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*(s)kn̥g-yé-ti (deponent yé-present)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": "*skəďďō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic: *skəďďō",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic: *skəďďō"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "σκάζω",
"t": "to limp"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: σκάζω (skázō, “to limp”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: σκάζω (skázō, “to limp”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "el",
"2": "σκάζω"
},
"expansion": "Greek: σκάζω (skázo)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Greek: σκάζω (skázo)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "σκάζων",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Ancient Greek: σκάζων (skázōn)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Ancient Greek: σκάζων (skázōn) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*(s)keng-et-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*kengets",
"t": "warrior (< one who treads)"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic: *kengets (“warrior (< one who treads)”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Celtic: *kengets (“warrior (< one who treads)”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*(s)kéng-s-mn̥"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*kanxsman",
"t": "step, act of stepping"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic: *kanxsman (“step, act of stepping”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Celtic: *kanxsman (“step, act of stepping”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*(s)kéng-ō ~ *(s)kn̥g-n-és"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*skinkô",
"t": "thigh, shank"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *skinkô (“thigh, shank”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *skinkô (“thigh, shank”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*skinkō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *skinkō",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *skinkō (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*skunkô"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *skunkô",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *skunkô"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*(s)kóng-ō"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*skankô",
"t": "that which is bent; thigh, shank"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *skankô (“that which is bent; thigh, shank”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *skankô (“that which is bent; thigh, shank”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*(s)kong-os"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*skankaz",
"t": "askew, tilted"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *skankaz (“askew, tilted”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *skankaz (“askew, tilted”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*skankijaną",
"der": "1",
"t": "to skew, tilt, tip, pour"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Proto-Germanic: *skankijaną (“to skew, tilt, tip, pour”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Proto-Germanic: *skankijaną (“to skew, tilt, tip, pour”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*skankijô",
"der": "1",
"t": "pourer of drinks"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Proto-Germanic: *skankijô (“pourer of drinks”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Proto-Germanic: *skankijô (“pourer of drinks”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*šęgati"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic: *šęgati",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Slavic: *šęgati"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "East Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "orv",
"2": "шегати",
"t": "to make fun of"
},
"expansion": "Old East Slavic: шегати (šegati, “to make fun of”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old East Slavic: шегати (šegati, “to make fun of”), шегавъ (šegavŭ, “giddy; fickle”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "South Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cu",
"2": "шѧгати",
"t": "to joke"
},
"expansion": "Old Church Slavonic: шѧгати (“to joke”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Church Slavonic: шѧгати (“to joke”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*šęga",
"der": "1",
"t": "silliness, joke, prank"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Proto-Slavic: *šęga (“silliness, joke, prank”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Proto-Slavic: *šęga (“silliness, joke, prank”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*skankōną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *skankōną",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *skankōną"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro",
"2": "*kenkä",
"bor": "1",
"t": "shoe",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": "→? Proto-Finnic: *kenkä (“shoe”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→? Proto-Finnic: *kenkä (“shoe”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "smi-pro",
"2": "*kieŋkē",
"bor": "1",
"t": "sole of a sledge runner or keel",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": "→? Proto-Samic: *kieŋkē (“sole of a sledge runner or keel”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→? Proto-Samic: *kieŋkē (“sole of a sledge runner or keel”)"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/(s)keng-",
"pos": "root",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to limp, hobble"
],
"id": "en-(s)keng--ine-pro-root-zybx-zNW",
"links": [
[
"limp",
"limp"
],
[
"hobble",
"hobble"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "38 62",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "28 72",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "24 76",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 94",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European roots",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 94",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European roots with s-mobile",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 91",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European sCeRC-shape roots",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to tilt, be askew"
],
"id": "en-(s)keng--ine-pro-root-CQnNM8fK",
"links": [
[
"tilt",
"tilt"
],
[
"askew",
"askew"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "(s)kenǵ-"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Helmut Rix",
"Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben",
"Oleg Trubachyov"
],
"word": "(s)keng-"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Indo-European lemmas",
"Proto-Indo-European roots",
"Proto-Indo-European roots with s-mobile",
"Proto-Indo-European sCeRC-shape roots"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*(s)kéng-e-ti (thematic present)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*kengeti",
"t": "to step, tread"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic: *kengeti (“to step, tread”)\nOld Irish: cingid, ·cing\nIrish: cinn",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Celtic: *kengeti (“to step, tread”)\nOld Irish: cingid, ·cing\nIrish: cinn"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*hinkaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *hinkaną",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *hinkaną"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*hinkan"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *hinkan",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *hinkan (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*kʰánȷ́ati",
"alt": "*k⁽ʰ⁾ánȷ́ati"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *k⁽ʰ⁾ánȷ́ati",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *k⁽ʰ⁾ánȷ́ati"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*kʰánȷ́ati"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *kʰánȷ́ati",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *kʰánȷ́ati"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "खञ्जति",
"t": "to limp",
"tr": "kháñjati"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: खञ्जति (kháñjati, “to limp”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: खञ्जति (kháñjati, “to limp”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*(s)kn̥g-yé-ti (deponent yé-present)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": "*skəďďō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic: *skəďďō",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic: *skəďďō"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "σκάζω",
"t": "to limp"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: σκάζω (skázō, “to limp”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: σκάζω (skázō, “to limp”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "el",
"2": "σκάζω"
},
"expansion": "Greek: σκάζω (skázo)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Greek: σκάζω (skázo)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "σκάζων",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Ancient Greek: σκάζων (skázōn)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Ancient Greek: σκάζων (skázōn) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*(s)keng-et-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*kengets",
"t": "warrior (< one who treads)"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic: *kengets (“warrior (< one who treads)”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Celtic: *kengets (“warrior (< one who treads)”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*(s)kéng-s-mn̥"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*kanxsman",
"t": "step, act of stepping"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic: *kanxsman (“step, act of stepping”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Celtic: *kanxsman (“step, act of stepping”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*(s)kéng-ō ~ *(s)kn̥g-n-és"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*skinkô",
"t": "thigh, shank"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *skinkô (“thigh, shank”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *skinkô (“thigh, shank”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*skinkō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *skinkō",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *skinkō (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*skunkô"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *skunkô",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *skunkô"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*(s)kóng-ō"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*skankô",
"t": "that which is bent; thigh, shank"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *skankô (“that which is bent; thigh, shank”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *skankô (“that which is bent; thigh, shank”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*(s)kong-os"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*skankaz",
"t": "askew, tilted"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *skankaz (“askew, tilted”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *skankaz (“askew, tilted”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*skankijaną",
"der": "1",
"t": "to skew, tilt, tip, pour"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Proto-Germanic: *skankijaną (“to skew, tilt, tip, pour”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Proto-Germanic: *skankijaną (“to skew, tilt, tip, pour”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*skankijô",
"der": "1",
"t": "pourer of drinks"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Proto-Germanic: *skankijô (“pourer of drinks”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Proto-Germanic: *skankijô (“pourer of drinks”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*šęgati"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic: *šęgati",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Slavic: *šęgati"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "East Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "orv",
"2": "шегати",
"t": "to make fun of"
},
"expansion": "Old East Slavic: шегати (šegati, “to make fun of”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old East Slavic: шегати (šegati, “to make fun of”), шегавъ (šegavŭ, “giddy; fickle”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "South Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cu",
"2": "шѧгати",
"t": "to joke"
},
"expansion": "Old Church Slavonic: шѧгати (“to joke”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Church Slavonic: шѧгати (“to joke”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*šęga",
"der": "1",
"t": "silliness, joke, prank"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Proto-Slavic: *šęga (“silliness, joke, prank”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Proto-Slavic: *šęga (“silliness, joke, prank”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*skankōną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *skankōną",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *skankōną"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro",
"2": "*kenkä",
"bor": "1",
"t": "shoe",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": "→? Proto-Finnic: *kenkä (“shoe”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→? Proto-Finnic: *kenkä (“shoe”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "smi-pro",
"2": "*kieŋkē",
"bor": "1",
"t": "sole of a sledge runner or keel",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": "→? Proto-Samic: *kieŋkē (“sole of a sledge runner or keel”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→? Proto-Samic: *kieŋkē (“sole of a sledge runner or keel”)"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/(s)keng-",
"pos": "root",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to limp, hobble"
],
"links": [
[
"limp",
"limp"
],
[
"hobble",
"hobble"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to tilt, be askew"
],
"links": [
[
"tilt",
"tilt"
],
[
"askew",
"askew"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "(s)kenǵ-"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Helmut Rix",
"Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben",
"Oleg Trubachyov"
],
"word": "(s)keng-"
}
Download raw JSONL data for (s)keng- meaning in Proto-Indo-European (8.5kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Indo-European dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.