ēdraz

ēdraz (masculine nominative singular strong)
ēdrai (masculine nominative plural strong)
ēdrō (feminine nominative singular strong)
ēdrôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
ēdrą (neuter nominative singular strong)
-at (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
ēdrō (neuter nominative plural strong)
ēdranǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
ēdranz (accusative masculine plural strong)
ēdrǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
ēdrōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
ēdrą (accusative neuter singular strong)
-at (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
ēdrō (accusative neuter plural strong)
ēdras (genitive masculine singular strong)
ēdris (genitive masculine singular strong)
ēdraizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
ēdraizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
ēdraizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
ēdras (genitive neuter singular strong)
ēdris (genitive neuter singular strong)
ēdraizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
ēdrammai (dative masculine singular strong)
ēdraimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
ēdraizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
ēdraimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
ēdrammai (dative neuter singular strong)
ēdraimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
ēdranō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
ēdraimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
ēdraizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
ēdraimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
ēdranō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
ēdraimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
ēdrô (masculine nominative singular weak)
ēdraniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
ēdrǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
ēdrōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
ēdrô (neuter nominative singular weak)
ēdrōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
ēdranų (accusative masculine singular weak)
ēdranunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
ēdrōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
ēdrōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
ēdrô (accusative neuter singular weak)
ēdrōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
ēdriniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
ēdranǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
ēdrōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
ēdrōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
ēdriniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
ēdranǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
ēdrini (dative masculine singular weak)
ēdrammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
ēdrōni (dative feminine singular weak)
ēdrōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
ēdrini (dative neuter singular weak)
ēdrammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
ēdrinē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
ēdrammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
ēdrōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
ēdrōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
ēdrinē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
ēdrammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

Proto-West Germanic: *ādr (adj); *ādrō (adverb)

Old English: *ǣder, *ēder (adj); ǣdre, ēdre (adverb)

desc

Middle English: ȝedir, ȝedire, yeder (adj)

Old Frisian: ēder (adj); ēdre (adverb)

North Frisian: äder, eder

Saterland Frisian: edder

West Frisian: yer

Old Saxon: ādro (adverb)

Old Dutch: ādro (adverb)

Old High German: ātar (adj)

Old Norse: áðr (adverb)

Faroese: áður

Icelandic: áður


liuhsijaną

liuhsijō (active first-person indicative singular)
liuhsijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
liuhsijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
liuhsīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
liuhsijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
liuhsī (active imperative second-person singular)
liuhsijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
liuhsijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
liuhsīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
liuhsijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
liuhsijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
liuhsijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
liuhsijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
liuhsijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
liuhsijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
liuhsijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
liuhsijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
liuhsijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
liuhsijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
liuhsijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
liuhsijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
liuhsijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
liuhsīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
liuhsijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
liuhsīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
liuhsijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
liuhsijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
liuhsijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
liuhsijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
liuhsijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
liuhsijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
liuhsijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
liuhsidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
liuhsidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
liuhsidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
liuhsidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
liuhsidē (active indicative singular third-person)
liuhsidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
liuhsidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
liuhsidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
liuhsidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
liuhsidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
liuhsidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
liuhsidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
liuhsidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
liuhsidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
liuhsidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
liuhsidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
liuhsijandz (active participle present)
liuhsidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *liuhsijan
Old English: līxan, līexan

Old Norse: lýsa

Icelandic: lýsa

Faroese: lýsa

Norwegian:

Norwegian Bokmål: lyse

Norwegian Nynorsk: lyse, lysa

Swedish: lysa

Danish: lyse

From *leuhsą (“light”) + *-janą or *leuhsaz (“bright”) + *-janą.


rupatjaną

rupatjō (active first-person indicative singular)
rupatjaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
rupatjai (first-person indicative passive singular)
rupatisi (active indicative second-person singular)
rupatjais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
rupati (active imperative second-person singular)
rupatjasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
rupatjaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
rupatiþi (active indicative singular third-person)
rupatjai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
rupatjaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
rupatjaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
rupatjaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
rupatjōs (active dual first-person indicative)
rupatjaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
rupatjaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
rupatjaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
rupatjaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
rupatjamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
rupatjaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
rupatjanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
rupatjainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
rupatiþ (active indicative plural second-person)
rupatjaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
rupatiþ (active imperative plural second-person)
rupatjanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
rupatjainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
rupatjanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
rupatjain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
rupatjanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
rupatjanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
rupatjainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
rupastǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
rupastēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
rupastēz (active indicative second-person singular)
rupastēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
rupastē (active indicative singular third-person)
rupastēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
rupastēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
rupastēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
rupastēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
rupastēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
rupastēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
rupastēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
rupastēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
rupastēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
rupastēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
rupastēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
rupatjandz (active participle present)
rupatidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *ropattjan
Old Saxon: *ropettian
Middle Low German: ropsen (influenced by Middle High German)
Old High German: ropfezzen, roffezzen
Middle High German: roffezen, rofzen

Old Norse: rypta (< *rupitjaną)

→ Middle English: riften

English: rift


rudjaną

rudjō (active first-person indicative singular)
rudjaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
rudjai (first-person indicative passive singular)
rudisi (active indicative second-person singular)
rudjais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
rudi (active imperative second-person singular)
rudjasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
rudjaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
rudiþi (active indicative singular third-person)
rudjai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
rudjaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
rudjaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
rudjaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
rudjōs (active dual first-person indicative)
rudjaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
rudjaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
rudjaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
rudjaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
rudjamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
rudjaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
rudjanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
rudjainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
rudiþ (active indicative plural second-person)
rudjaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
rudiþ (active imperative plural second-person)
rudjanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
rudjainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
rudjanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
rudjain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
rudjanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
rudjanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
rudjainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
rudidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
rudidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
rudidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
rudidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
rudidē (active indicative singular third-person)
rudidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
rudidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
rudidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
rudidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
rudidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
rudidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
rudidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
rudidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
rudidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
rudidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
rudidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
rudjandz (active participle present)
rudidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *ruddjan
⇒ Old English: aryddan
⇒ Old English: ġeryddan
Middle English: ridden
English: rid

Old Norse: ryðja, hryðja
Faroese: ryðja
Icelandic: ryðja
Norwegian Nynorsk: rydja, rø; (dialectal) rya, rua, rudjø, rødja, rødda, røa, ræa
Old Swedish: ryþia, rydhia, rödhia
Swedish: röja, rödja
Old Danish: ryddæ
Danish: rydde
Norwegian Bokmål: rydde
→ Norwegian Nynorsk: rydda

From *rudą (“a clearing”) + *-janą, from Proto-Indo-European *(H)rewH- (“to dig out”), see also Latin ruo (“I dig out”), Proto-Slavic *rъvati (“to tear”).


stalukaz

stalukaz (nominative singular)
stalukōz (nominative plural)
stalukōs (nominative plural)
staluk (singular vocative)
stalukōz (plural vocative)
stalukōs (plural vocative)
staluką (accusative singular)
stalukanz (accusative plural)
stalukas (genitive singular)
stalukis (genitive singular)
stalukǫ̂ (genitive plural)
stalukai (dative singular)
stalukamaz (dative plural)
stalukō (instrumental singular)
stalukamiz (instrumental plural)

Proto-West Germanic: *staluk, *stalik

Old English: *stealuc, *stealc, *stielc

Middle English: stalk, stalke, stelke

English: stalk

Scots: stalk, stauk, stawk

Old High German: *stelh

⇒ Old High German: wazzarstelh

Old Norse: *stjælkr

Norwegian Nynorsk: stjelk, stelk, stalk

Old Swedish: stiælker; stiælke

Swedish: stjälk

Old Danish: stiælke

i

>? Old Norse: stilkr (perhaps conflated with Old Saxon stil; compare Old High German stil)

Icelandic: stilkur

Danish: stilk

Norwegian Bokmål: stilk

Norwegian Nynorsk: stilk


þingijaną

þingijō (active first-person indicative singular)
þingijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
þingijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
þingīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
þingijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
þingī (active imperative second-person singular)
þingijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
þingijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
þingīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
þingijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
þingijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
þingijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
þingijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
þingijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
þingijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
þingijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
þingijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
þingijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
þingijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
þingijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
þingijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
þingijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
þingīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
þingijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
þingīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
þingijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
þingijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
þingijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
þingijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
þingijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
þingijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
þingijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
þingidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
þingidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
þingidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
þingidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
þingidē (active indicative singular third-person)
þingidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
þingidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
þingidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
þingidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
þingidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
þingidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
þingidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
þingidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
þingidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
þingidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
þingidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
þingijandz (active participle present)
þingidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *þingijan
⇒ Old Saxon: giþingian
⇒ Old Dutch: giþingen
Old High German: dingen
Middle High German: dingen

From Proto-Indo-European *ti-n-k-yé, cognate with Lithuanian tikėti.


staluz

staluz (nominative singular)
staliwiz (nominative plural)
stalu (singular vocative)
staliwiz (plural vocative)
stalų (accusative singular)
stalunz (accusative plural)
stalauz (genitive singular)
staliwǫ̂ (genitive plural)
staliwi (dative singular)
stalumaz (dative plural)
stalū (instrumental singular)
stalumiz (instrumental plural)

Proto-West Germanic: *stalu (*stalō, *stelō ?)

Old English: stalu; stæla, steola, stela

Middle English: stale; stele

English: stale (“post, rung, handle”); stele, steal (“stalk”)

Scots: stale; steel, steil, stiel

Old Frisian: *stala, *stela

Saterland Frisian: Steel

West Frisian: stâle

Old Saxon: *stalu; *stala; *stelo

Middle Low German: stāle, stāl; stel, stēl

German Low German: Steel

Old Dutch: *stalo; *stelo

Middle Dutch: stael; stēle

Dutch: staal; steel

→ Medieval Latin: stalo, stallo

Old French: estal, estel

⇒ Old French: estalon

Middle French: étalon

French: étalon

Old Norse: stjǫlr

Faroese: stjølur

Norwegian Nynorsk: stjøl, styl

From Proto-Indo-European *stel- (“to put, place; be stiff; post, trunk”).


sūlijaną

sūlijō (active first-person indicative singular)
sūlijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
sūlijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
sūlīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
sūlijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
sūlī (active imperative second-person singular)
sūlijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
sūlijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
sūlīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
sūlijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
sūlijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
sūlijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
sūlijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
sūlijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
sūlijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
sūlijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
sūlijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
sūlijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
sūlijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
sūlijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
sūlijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
sūlijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
sūlīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
sūlijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
sūlīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
sūlijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
sūlijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
sūlijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
sūlijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
sūlijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
sūlijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
sūlijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
sūlidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
sūlidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
sūlidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
sūlidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
sūlidē (active indicative singular third-person)
sūlidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
sūlidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
sūlidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
sūlidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
sūlidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
sūlidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
sūlidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
sūlidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
sūlidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
sūlidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
sūlidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
sūlijandz (active participle present)
sūlidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *sūlijan
Old High German: *sūlen (attested as gisūlit (“made of boards”))
Middle High German: sūlen, *siulen (“to prop, support”)
⇒ Middle High German: undersiulen
German: untersäulen

Old Norse: *sýla

Icelandic: sýla

Faroese: sýla

⇒ Gothic: 𐌲𐌰𐍃𐌿𐌻𐌾𐌰𐌽 (gasūljan)


saigijaną

saigijō (active first-person indicative singular)
saigijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
saigijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
saigīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
saigijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
saigī (active imperative second-person singular)
saigijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
saigijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
saigīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
saigijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
saigijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
saigijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
saigijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
saigijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
saigijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
saigijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
saigijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
saigijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
saigijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
saigijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
saigijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
saigijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
saigīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
saigijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
saigīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
saigijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
saigijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
saigijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
saigijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
saigijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
saigijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
saigijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
saigidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
saigidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
saigidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
saigidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
saigidē (active indicative singular third-person)
saigidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
saigidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
saigidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
saigidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
saigidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
saigidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
saigidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
saigidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
saigidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
saigidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
saigidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
saigijandz (active participle present)
saigidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *saigijan
Old English: sǣgan
Middle English: seien
Old Saxon: sēgian
Old Dutch: *seigen, *sēgen
Middle Dutch: seigen
Old High German: seigen
Middle High German: seigen

From *sīhwaną (“to filter”) + *-janą and *sīganą (“to sink, drop”) + *-janą.


wabjaną

wabjō (active first-person indicative singular)
wabjaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
wabjai (first-person indicative passive singular)
wabisi (active indicative second-person singular)
wabjais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
wabi (active imperative second-person singular)
wabjasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
wabjaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
wabiþi (active indicative singular third-person)
wabjai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
wabjaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
wabjaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
wabjaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
wabjōs (active dual first-person indicative)
wabjaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
wabjaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
wabjaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
wabjaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
wabjamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
wabjaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
wabjanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
wabjainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
wabiþ (active indicative plural second-person)
wabjaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
wabiþ (active imperative plural second-person)
wabjanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
wabjainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
wabjanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
wabjain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
wabjanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
wabjanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
wabjainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
wabidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
wabidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
wabidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
wabidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
wabidē (active indicative singular third-person)
wabidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
wabidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
wabidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
wabidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
wabidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
wabidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
wabidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
wabidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
wabidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
wabidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
wabidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
wabjandz (active participle present)
wabidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *wabbjan
Old English: webbian
Middle English: webben, webbe, webbon, webbyne
English: web
Scots: wab

Old Norse: vefja
Icelandic: vefja
Faroese: vevja
Norwegian Nynorsk: vevja, vevje
Elfdalian: veva


blaką

blaką (nominative singular)
blakō (nominative plural)
blaką (singular vocative)
blakō (plural vocative)
blaką (accusative singular)
blakō (accusative plural)
blakas (genitive singular)
blakis (genitive singular)
blakǫ̂ (genitive plural)
blakai (dative singular)
blakamaz (dative plural)
blakō (instrumental singular)
blakamiz (instrumental plural)

Proto-West Germanic: *blak

Old English: blæc

Middle English: blak

English: black

→ Dutch: blak

Scots: blac, blak

→ Old Norse: blek

Danish: blæk

Icelandic: blek

Norwegian: blekk

Swedish: bläck

→ Middle English: blek, bleke

English: bleck

Scots: blek, bleck

Old Saxon: blak

Middle Low German: blak

German Low German: Black

Old High German: blah

desc

Middle High German: black, plack, blacke, placke

German: Black


nastijaną

nastijō (active first-person indicative singular)
nastijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
nastijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
nastīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
nastijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
nastī (active imperative second-person singular)
nastijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
nastijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
nastīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
nastijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
nastijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
nastijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
nastijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
nastijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
nastijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
nastijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
nastijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
nastijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
nastijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
nastijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
nastijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
nastijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
nastīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
nastijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
nastīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
nastijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
nastijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
nastijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
nastijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
nastijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
nastijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
nastijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
nastidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
nastidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
nastidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
nastidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
nastidē (active indicative singular third-person)
nastidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
nastidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
nastidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
nastidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
nastidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
nastidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
nastidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
nastidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
nastidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
nastidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
nastidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
nastijandz (active participle present)
nastidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *nastijan
Old English: nestan
Old High German: *nesten
Middle High German: nesten

Old Norse: nesta, nista

Swedish: nästa

Probably an infixed formation from *natją (“net”).


grundijaną

grundijō (active first-person indicative singular)
grundijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
grundijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
grundīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
grundijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
grundī (active imperative second-person singular)
grundijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
grundijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
grundīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
grundijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
grundijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
grundijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
grundijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
grundijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
grundijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
grundijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
grundijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
grundijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
grundijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
grundijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
grundijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
grundijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
grundīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
grundijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
grundīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
grundijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
grundijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
grundijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
grundijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
grundijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
grundijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
grundijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
grundidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
grundidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
grundidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
grundidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
grundidē (active indicative singular third-person)
grundidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
grundidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
grundidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
grundidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
grundidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
grundidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
grundidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
grundidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
grundidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
grundidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
grundidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
grundijandz (active participle present)
grundidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *grundijan
Old English: gryndan
Middle English: grinden
Old Saxon: grundian
Middle Low German: gründen
Old High German: grunten
Middle High German: gründen
German: gründen

Old Norse: grynna (< Verner alternation *grunþijaną)

Icelandic: grynna

Norwegian:

Norwegian Nynorsk: grynne, grynna

Swedish: grynna


grundōną

grundō (active first-person indicative singular)
grundǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
grundōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
grundōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
grundōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
grundō (active imperative second-person singular)
grundōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
grundōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
grundōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
grundō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
grundōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
grundōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
grundōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
grundōs (active dual first-person indicative)
grundōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
grundōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
grundōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
grundōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
grundōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
grundōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
grundōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
grundōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
grundōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
grundōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
grundōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
grundōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
grundōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
grundōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
grundōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
grundōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
grundōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
grundōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
grundōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
grundōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
grundōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
grundōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
grundōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
grundōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
grundōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
grundōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
grundōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
grundōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
grundōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
grundōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
grundōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
grundōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
grundōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
grundōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
grundōndz (active participle present)
grundōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *grundōn
Old English: *grundian
Middle English: grounden, grundien
Old Frisian: *grundia
West Frisian: grûnje
Old Saxon: *grundon
Middle Low German: grunden
Old Dutch: *grundon
Middle Dutch: gronden
Dutch: gronden
Old High German: *gruntōn
Middle High German: grunden

Old Norse: grunda

Icelandic: grunda

Norwegian:

Norwegian Nynorsk: grunde, grunda

Swedish: grunda

Danish: grunde


stikjaną

stikjō (active first-person indicative singular)
stikjaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
stikjai (first-person indicative passive singular)
stikisi (active indicative second-person singular)
stikjais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
stiki (active imperative second-person singular)
stikjasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
stikjaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
stikiþi (active indicative singular third-person)
stikjai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
stikjaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
stikjaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
stikjaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
stikjōs (active dual first-person indicative)
stikjaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
stikjaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
stikjaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
stikjaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
stikjamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
stikjaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
stikjanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
stikjainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
stikiþ (active indicative plural second-person)
stikjaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
stikiþ (active imperative plural second-person)
stikjanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
stikjainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
stikjanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
stikjain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
stikjanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
stikjanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
stikjainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
stikidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
stikidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
stikidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
stikidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
stikidē (active indicative singular third-person)
stikidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
stikidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
stikidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
stikidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
stikidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
stikidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
stikidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
stikidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
stikidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
stikidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
stikidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
stikjandz (active participle present)
stikidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *stikkjan
Old English: *stiċċan, stiċċian
Middle English: stichen, sticchen, stychyn
English: stitch
Scots: steek
Old Frisian: *stikka, *stitza
West Frisian: stikke
Old Saxon: *stikkian
Middle Low German: sticken
Old Dutch: *stikken
Middle Dutch: sticken
Dutch: stikken
Old High German: sticken
Middle High German: sticken
German: sticken
→ Old French: estichier, estiquer

Old Norse: *stikkja (only attested in passive stikkjask)

Icelandic: stikkjast

Norwegian Nynorsk: stikkjast

From *stikiz (“a sticking, prick”) + *-janą.


stainijaną

stainijō (active first-person indicative singular)
stainijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
stainijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
stainīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
stainijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
stainī (active imperative second-person singular)
stainijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
stainijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
stainīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
stainijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
stainijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
stainijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
stainijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
stainijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
stainijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
stainijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
stainijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
stainijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
stainijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
stainijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
stainijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
stainijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
stainīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
stainijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
stainīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
stainijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
stainijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
stainijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
stainijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
stainijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
stainijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
stainijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
stainidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
stainidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
stainidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
stainidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
stainidē (active indicative singular third-person)
stainidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
stainidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
stainidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
stainidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
stainidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
stainidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
stainidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
stainidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
stainidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
stainidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
stainidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
stainijandz (active participle present)
stainidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *stainijan
Old English: stǣnan
Middle English: stenen
Old Saxon: *stēnian
Middle Low German: stênen
Old Dutch: stēnen
Middle Dutch: stênen
Dutch: stenen (archaic)
Old High German: steinen
Middle High German: steinen
German: steinen (archaic)

Old Norse: *steina

Faroese: steina

Icelandic: steina

Norwegian:

Norwegian Bokmål: steine, stene

Norwegian Nynorsk: steine, steina

Swedish: stena

Danish: stene

Gothic: 𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌾𐌰𐌽 (stainjan)


diupijaną

diupijō (active first-person indicative singular)
diupijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
diupijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
diupīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
diupijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
diupī (active imperative second-person singular)
diupijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
diupijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
diupīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
diupijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
diupijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
diupijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
diupijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
diupijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
diupijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
diupijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
diupijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
diupijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
diupijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
diupijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
diupijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
diupijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
diupīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
diupijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
diupīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
diupijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
diupijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
diupijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
diupijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
diupijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
diupijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
diupijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
diupidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
diupidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
diupidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
diupidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
diupidē (active indicative singular third-person)
diupidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
diupidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
diupidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
diupidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
diupidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
diupidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
diupidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
diupidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
diupidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
diupidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
diupidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
diupijandz (active participle present)
diupidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *diupijan
Old English: dīepan
Middle English: depen, deppen, depe
English: deep (obsolete)
Scots: depe
Old Frisian: *diūpa
⇒ Old Frisian: todiūpa
Old Saxon: *diupian
Middle Low German: dûpen, dü̂pen
German Low German: düpen
Old Dutch: *diupen (if not from *deupōn instead)
Middle Dutch: diepen
Dutch: diepen
Old High German: *tiufen
Middle High German: tiufen
German: teufen

Gothic: *𐌳𐌹𐌿𐍀𐌾𐌰𐌽 (*diupjan)

⇒ Gothic: 𐌲𐌰𐌳𐌹𐌿𐍀𐌾𐌰𐌽 (gadiupjan)


bramjaną

bramjō (active first-person indicative singular)
bramjaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
bramjai (first-person indicative passive singular)
bramisi (active indicative second-person singular)
bramjais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
brami (active imperative second-person singular)
bramjasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
bramjaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
bramiþi (active indicative singular third-person)
bramjai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
bramjaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
bramjaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
bramjaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
bramjōs (active dual first-person indicative)
bramjaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
bramjaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
bramjaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
bramjaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
bramjamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
bramjaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
bramjanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
bramjainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
bramiþ (active indicative plural second-person)
bramjaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
bramiþ (active imperative plural second-person)
bramjanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
bramjainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
bramjanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
bramjain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
bramjanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
bramjanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
bramjainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
bramidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
bramidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
bramidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
bramidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
bramidē (active indicative singular third-person)
bramidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
bramidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
bramidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
bramidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
bramidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
bramidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
bramidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
bramidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
bramidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
bramidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
bramidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
bramjandz (active participle present)
bramidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *brammjan
Old English: bremman
>? Middle English: brimmen
Old Frisian: *bremma
West Frisian: brimme
Old Saxon: *bremmian
Middle Low German: brimmen
Old Dutch: *bremmen
Middle Dutch: bremmen
Dutch: bremmen (obsolete)
Old High German: *bremmen
Middle High German: bremmen, brimmen
German: brimmen

>? Gothic: *𐌱𐍂𐌰𐌼𐌾𐌰𐌽 (*bramjan)

→ Italian: bramire


unhrainiz

unhrainizô (comparative)
unhrainistaz (superlative)
unhrainiz (masculine nominative singular strong)
unhrainijai (masculine nominative plural strong)
unhrainī (feminine nominative singular strong)
unhrainijôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
unhrainį (neuter nominative singular strong)
-jatō (neuter nominative singular strong)
unhrainijō (neuter nominative plural strong)
unhrainijanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
unhrainijanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
unhrainijǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
unhrainijōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
unhrainį (accusative neuter singular strong)
-jatō (accusative neuter singular strong)
unhrainijō (accusative neuter plural strong)
unhrainijas (genitive masculine singular strong)
unhrainīs (genitive masculine singular strong)
unhrainijaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
unhrainijaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
unhrainijaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
unhrainijas (genitive neuter singular strong)
unhrainīs (genitive neuter singular strong)
unhrainijaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
unhrainijammai (dative masculine singular strong)
unhrainijaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
unhrainijaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
unhrainijaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
unhrainijammai (dative neuter singular strong)
unhrainijaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
unhrainijanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
unhrainijaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
unhrainijaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
unhrainijaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
unhrainijanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
unhrainijaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
unhrainijô (masculine nominative singular weak)
unhrainijaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
unhrainijǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
unhrainijōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
unhrainijô (neuter nominative singular weak)
unhrainijōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
unhrainijanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
unhrainijanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
unhrainijōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
unhrainijōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
unhrainijô (accusative neuter singular weak)
unhrainijōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
unhrainīniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
unhrainijanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
unhrainijōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
unhrainijōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
unhrainīniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
unhrainijanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
unhrainīni (dative masculine singular weak)
unhrainijammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
unhrainijōni (dative feminine singular weak)
unhrainijōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
unhrainīni (dative neuter singular weak)
unhrainijammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
unhrainīnē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
unhrainijammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
unhrainijōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
unhrainijōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
unhrainīnē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
unhrainijammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

Proto-West Germanic: *unhrainī

Old Saxon: unhrēni

Old Dutch: unreini

Middle Dutch:

Dutch: onrein
Negerhollands: onrein

Old High German: unreini, unhreini

Middle High German: unreine

German: unrein

Old Norse: óhreinn

Icelandic: óhreinn

Old Swedish: ōrēn

Swedish: oren

Gothic: 𐌿𐌽𐌷𐍂𐌰𐌹𐌽𐍃 (unhrains)


rēsijaną

rēsijō (active first-person indicative singular)
rēsijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
rēsijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
rēsīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
rēsijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
rēsī (active imperative second-person singular)
rēsijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
rēsijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
rēsīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
rēsijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
rēsijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
rēsijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
rēsijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
rēsijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
rēsijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
rēsijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
rēsijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
rēsijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
rēsijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
rēsijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
rēsijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
rēsijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
rēsīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
rēsijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
rēsīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
rēsijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
rēsijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
rēsijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
rēsijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
rēsijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
rēsijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
rēsijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
rēsidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
rēsidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
rēsidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
rēsidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
rēsidē (active indicative singular third-person)
rēsidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
rēsidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
rēsidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
rēsidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
rēsidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
rēsidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
rēsidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
rēsidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
rēsidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
rēsidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
rēsidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
rēsijandz (active participle present)
rēsidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *rāsijan
Old English: rǣsan
Middle English: resen
Old Dutch: *rāsen (or a descendant of *rēsōną)
Middle Dutch: râsen
Dutch: razen
→ West Frisian: raze, raazje

Old Norse: ræsa

Icelandic: ræsa

From *rēsō (“running, course, rush”) + *-janą.


augnijaną

augnijō (active first-person indicative singular)
augnijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
augnijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
augnīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
augnijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
augnī (active imperative second-person singular)
augnijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
augnijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
augnīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
augnijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
augnijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
augnijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
augnijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
augnijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
augnijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
augnijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
augnijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
augnijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
augnijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
augnijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
augnijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
augnijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
augnīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
augnijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
augnīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
augnijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
augnijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
augnijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
augnijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
augnijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
augnijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
augnijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
augnidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
augnidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
augnidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
augnidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
augnidē (active indicative singular third-person)
augnidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
augnidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
augnidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
augnidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
augnidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
augnidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
augnidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
augnidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
augnidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
augnidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
augnidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
augnijandz (active participle present)
augnidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *augnijan
Old English:
Middle English: aunen
Old High German: *ouganen
Middle High German: ougenen, öugenen

Old Norse: *eygna

Norwegian:

Norwegian Nynorsk: øygne, øygna, augne, augna

Swedish: ögna

Danish: øjne

From *augô (“eye”) + *-janą, this verb retains the nasal sound that is present in the inflection of the noun. Doublet of *augijaną which lacks the nasal.


ataugijaną

ataugijō (active first-person indicative singular)
ataugijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
ataugijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
ataugīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
ataugijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
ataugī (active imperative second-person singular)
ataugijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
ataugijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
ataugīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
ataugijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
ataugijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
ataugijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
ataugijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
ataugijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
ataugijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
ataugijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
ataugijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
ataugijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
ataugijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
ataugijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
ataugijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
ataugijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
ataugīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
ataugijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
ataugīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
ataugijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
ataugijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
ataugijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
ataugijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
ataugijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
ataugijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
ataugijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
ataugidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
ataugidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
ataugidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
ataugidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
ataugidē (active indicative singular third-person)
ataugidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
ataugidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
ataugidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
ataugidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
ataugidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
ataugidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
ataugidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
ataugidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
ataugidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
ataugidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
ataugidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
ataugijandz (active participle present)
ataugidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *ataugijan
Old English: ætīewan, ætȳwan, ætīwan, ætēowan
Middle English: atēwien, atywen
Old Frisian: tāuwa, tāwa
Old Saxon: tōgian
Middle Low German: tȫgen
Old Dutch: tōgen
Middle Dutch: tôgen
⇒ Middle Dutch: betôgen
Dutch: betogen
Old High German: zougen
Middle High German: zöugen, zougen, zoigen, zöigen

Gothic: 𐌰𐍄𐌰𐌿𐌲𐌾𐌰𐌽 (ataugjan)


līmijaną

līmijō (active first-person indicative singular)
līmijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
līmijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
līmīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
līmijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
līmī (active imperative second-person singular)
līmijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
līmijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
līmīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
līmijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
līmijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
līmijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
līmijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
līmijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
līmijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
līmijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
līmijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
līmijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
līmijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
līmijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
līmijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
līmijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
līmīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
līmijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
līmīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
līmijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
līmijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
līmijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
līmijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
līmijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
līmijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
līmijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
līmidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
līmidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
līmidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
līmidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
līmidē (active indicative singular third-person)
līmidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
līmidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
līmidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
līmidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
līmidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
līmidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
līmidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
līmidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
līmidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
līmidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
līmidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
līmijandz (active participle present)
līmidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *līmijan
Old English: līman
Middle English: limen
English: lime
Old Frisian: *līma
West Frisian: lymje, lime
Old Saxon: *līmian
Middle Low German: limen
Old Dutch: *līmen
Middle Dutch: limen
Dutch: lijmen
Limburgish: lieme
Old High German: līmen
Middle High German: līmen
German: leimen

Old Norse: líma

Icelandic: líma

Norwegian:

Norwegian Bokmål: lime

Norwegian Nynorsk: lime, lima

Swedish: limma

Danish: lime


lauþrijaną

lauþrijō (active first-person indicative singular)
lauþrijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
lauþrijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
lauþrīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
lauþrijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
lauþrī (active imperative second-person singular)
lauþrijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
lauþrijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
lauþrīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
lauþrijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
lauþrijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
lauþrijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
lauþrijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
lauþrijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
lauþrijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
lauþrijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
lauþrijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
lauþrijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
lauþrijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
lauþrijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
lauþrijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
lauþrijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
lauþrīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
lauþrijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
lauþrīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
lauþrijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
lauþrijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
lauþrijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
lauþrijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
lauþrijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
lauþrijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
lauþrijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
lauþridǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
lauþridēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
lauþridēz (active indicative second-person singular)
lauþridēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
lauþridē (active indicative singular third-person)
lauþridēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
lauþridēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
lauþridēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
lauþridēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
lauþridēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
lauþridēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
lauþridēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
lauþridēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
lauþridēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
lauþridēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
lauþridēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
lauþrijandz (active participle present)
lauþridaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *lauþrijan
Old English: līeþran, lȳþran, lēþran, līþran
Middle English: letheren, lutheren, litheren, latheren
English: lather

Old Norse: leyðra

Icelandic: leyðra

Swedish: löddra, loddra


laihnōną

laihnō (active first-person indicative singular)
laihnǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
laihnōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
laihnōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
laihnōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
laihnō (active imperative second-person singular)
laihnōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
laihnōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
laihnōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
laihnō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
laihnōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
laihnōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
laihnōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
laihnōs (active dual first-person indicative)
laihnōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
laihnōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
laihnōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
laihnōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
laihnōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
laihnōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
laihnōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
laihnōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
laihnōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
laihnōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
laihnōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
laihnōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
laihnōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
laihnōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
laihnōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
laihnōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
laihnōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
laihnōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
laihnōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
laihnōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
laihnōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
laihnōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
laihnōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
laihnōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
laihnōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
laihnōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
laihnōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
laihnōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
laihnōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
laihnōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
laihnōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
laihnōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
laihnōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
laihnōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
laihnōndz (active participle present)
laihnōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *laihnōn
Old Saxon: lēhnōn
Middle Low German: lêhenen, lêenen, lehnen, lênen, leinen, leynen
German Low German: lehnen
Old Dutch: *lēnon (or from *laihnijan)
Middle Dutch: lênen
Dutch: lenen
Limburgish: lieëne
Old High German: lēhanōn
Middle High German: lēhenen, lēnen
Central Franconian: liehne, lehne
German: lehnen
Luxembourgish: léinen

Old Norse: lána

Icelandic: lána

Norwegian:

Norwegian Bokmål: låne

Norwegian Nynorsk: låne, låna

Old Swedish: lāna

Swedish: låna

Danish: låne


welwô

welwô (nominative singular)
welwaniz (nominative plural)
welwô (singular vocative)
welwaniz (plural vocative)
welwanų (accusative singular)
welwanunz (accusative plural)
wilwiniz (genitive singular)
welwanǫ̂ (genitive plural)
wilwini (dative singular)
welwammaz (dative plural)
wilwinē (instrumental singular)
welwammiz (instrumental plural)

Old Norse: ᚢᛅᛚᚢᛅ (ualua) (accusative singular)

Gothic: 𐍅𐌹𐌻𐍅𐌰 (wilwa)

one who robs or plunders; robber, plunderer


mahtijaną

mahtijō (active first-person indicative singular)
mahtijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
mahtijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
mahtīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
mahtijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
mahtī (active imperative second-person singular)
mahtijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
mahtijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
mahtīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
mahtijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
mahtijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
mahtijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
mahtijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
mahtijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
mahtijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
mahtijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
mahtijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
mahtijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
mahtijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
mahtijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
mahtijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
mahtijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
mahtīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
mahtijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
mahtīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
mahtijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
mahtijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
mahtijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
mahtijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
mahtijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
mahtijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
mahtijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
mahtidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
mahtidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
mahtidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
mahtidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
mahtidē (active indicative singular third-person)
mahtidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
mahtidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
mahtidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
mahtidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
mahtidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
mahtidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
mahtidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
mahtidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
mahtidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
mahtidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
mahtidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
mahtijandz (active participle present)
mahtidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *mahtijan
Old English: *mihtan
Middle English: mighten
Old Saxon: *mahtian
Middle Low German: mechten
Old Dutch: *mahten
Middle Dutch: machten

Gothic: *𐌼𐌰𐌷𐍄𐌾𐌰𐌽 (*mahtjan)

⇒ Gothic: 𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌼𐌰𐌷𐍄𐌾𐌰𐌽 (anamahtjan)


slīþijaną

slīþijō (active first-person indicative singular)
slīþijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
slīþijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
slīþīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
slīþijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
slīþī (active imperative second-person singular)
slīþijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
slīþijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
slīþīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
slīþijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
slīþijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
slīþijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
slīþijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
slīþijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
slīþijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
slīþijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
slīþijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
slīþijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
slīþijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
slīþijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
slīþijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
slīþijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
slīþīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
slīþijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
slīþīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
slīþijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
slīþijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
slīþijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
slīþijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
slīþijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
slīþijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
slīþijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
slīþidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
slīþidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
slīþidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
slīþidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
slīþidē (active indicative singular third-person)
slīþidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
slīþidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
slīþidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
slīþidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
slīþidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
slīþidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
slīþidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
slīþidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
slīþidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
slīþidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
slīþidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
slīþijandz (active participle present)
slīþidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *slīþijan
Old English: slīþan

Gothic: *𐍃𐌻𐌴𐌹𐌸𐌾𐌰𐌽 (*sleiþjan)

⇒ Gothic: 𐌲𐌰𐍃𐌻𐌴𐌹𐌸𐌾𐌰𐌽 (gasleiþjan)

From *slīþaz or *slīþijaz (“dangerous, harmful”) + *-janą.


tahrijaną

tahrijō (active first-person indicative singular)
tahrijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
tahrijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
tahrīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
tahrijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
tahrī (active imperative second-person singular)
tahrijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
tahrijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
tahrīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
tahrijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
tahrijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
tahrijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
tahrijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
tahrijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
tahrijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
tahrijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
tahrijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
tahrijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
tahrijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
tahrijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
tahrijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
tahrijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
tahrīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
tahrijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
tahrīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
tahrijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
tahrijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
tahrijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
tahrijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
tahrijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
tahrijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
tahrijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
tahridǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
tahridēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
tahridēz (active indicative second-person singular)
tahridēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
tahridē (active indicative singular third-person)
tahridēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
tahridēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
tahridēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
tahridēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
tahridēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
tahridēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
tahridēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
tahridēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
tahridēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
tahridēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
tahridēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
tahrijandz (active participle present)
tahridaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *tahhrijan
Old English: tīeran, tīran, tȳran
Old High German: *zaharen
Middle High German: zaheren, zeheren

Gothic: 𐍄𐌰𐌲𐍂𐌾𐌰𐌽 (tagrjan)


waifirhwijaną

waifirhwijō (active first-person indicative singular)
waifirhwijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
waifirhwijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
waifirhwīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
waifirhwijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
waifirhwī (active imperative second-person singular)
waifirhwijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
waifirhwijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
waifirhwīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
waifirhwijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
waifirhwijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
waifirhwijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
waifirhwijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
waifirhwijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
waifirhwijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
waifirhwijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
waifirhwijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
waifirhwijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
waifirhwijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
waifirhwijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
waifirhwijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
waifirhwijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
waifirhwīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
waifirhwijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
waifirhwīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
waifirhwijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
waifirhwijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
waifirhwijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
waifirhwijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
waifirhwijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
waifirhwijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
waifirhwijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
waifirhwidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
waifirhwidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
waifirhwidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
waifirhwidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
waifirhwidē (active indicative singular third-person)
waifirhwidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
waifirhwidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
waifirhwidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
waifirhwidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
waifirhwidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
waifirhwidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
waifirhwidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
waifirhwidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
waifirhwidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
waifirhwidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
waifirhwidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
waifirhwijandz (active participle present)
waifirhwidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *waifirhwijan

Old High German: wēferhen, wēverhen

Gothic: 𐍅𐌰𐌹𐍆𐌰𐌹𐍂𐍈𐌾𐌰𐌽 (waifairƕjan)

Likely from *wai (“expression of grief”) + *firhwijaną, the latter verb is not attested in any of the descendants.


nēhwijaną

nēhwijō (active first-person indicative singular)
nēhwijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
nēhwijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
nēhwīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
nēhwijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
nēhwī (active imperative second-person singular)
nēhwijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
nēhwijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
nēhwīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
nēhwijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
nēhwijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
nēhwijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
nēhwijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
nēhwijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
nēhwijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
nēhwijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
nēhwijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
nēhwijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
nēhwijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
nēhwijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
nēhwijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
nēhwijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
nēhwīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
nēhwijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
nēhwīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
nēhwijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
nēhwijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
nēhwijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
nēhwijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
nēhwijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
nēhwijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
nēhwijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
nēhwidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
nēhwidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
nēhwidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
nēhwidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
nēhwidē (active indicative singular third-person)
nēhwidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
nēhwidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
nēhwidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
nēhwidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
nēhwidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
nēhwidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
nēhwidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
nēhwidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
nēhwidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
nēhwidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
nēhwidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
nēhwijandz (active participle present)
nēhwidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *nāhwijan
Old English: *nǣgan
⇒ Old English: ġenǣgan
Old Saxon: nāhian
Middle Low German: nēgen
Old High German: nāhen
Middle High German: nähen

Norwegian Bokmål: nærme

Gothic: 𐌽𐌴𐍈𐌾𐌰𐌽 (nēƕjan)


haguz

haguz (nominative singular)
hagiwiz (nominative plural)
hagu (singular vocative)
hagiwiz (plural vocative)
hagų (accusative singular)
hagunz (accusative plural)
hagauz (genitive singular)
hagiwǫ̂ (genitive plural)
hagiwi (dative singular)
hagumaz (dative plural)
hagū (instrumental singular)
hagumiz (instrumental plural)

Proto-West Germanic: *hagu
Old English: hæg; ġehæg
Middle English: heie, heh, hegh, heygh
English: hay
Old English: hege (< *(ga)hagi)
Middle English: heye (influenced by Old English hæg, ġehæg and Old French haie)
English: hay
Old Saxon: *hag
Middle Low German: hach, hāch
Old High German: hag
Middle High German: hac
German: Hag
⇒ Old High German: gahagi
Middle High German: gehege
German: Gehege


dulþijaną

dulþijō (active first-person indicative singular)
dulþijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
dulþijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
dulþīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
dulþijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
dulþī (active imperative second-person singular)
dulþijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
dulþijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
dulþīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
dulþijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
dulþijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
dulþijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
dulþijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
dulþijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
dulþijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
dulþijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
dulþijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
dulþijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
dulþijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
dulþijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
dulþijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
dulþijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
dulþīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
dulþijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
dulþīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
dulþijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
dulþijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
dulþijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
dulþijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
dulþijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
dulþijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
dulþijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
dulþidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
dulþidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
dulþidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
dulþidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
dulþidē (active indicative singular third-person)
dulþidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
dulþidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
dulþidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
dulþidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
dulþidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
dulþidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
dulþidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
dulþidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
dulþidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
dulþidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
dulþidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
dulþijandz (active participle present)
dulþidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *dulþijan
Old High German: tulden
Middle High German: tulden, tulten

Gothic: 𐌳𐌿𐌻𐌸𐌾𐌰𐌽 (dulþjan)

From *dulþiz (“celebration, festival”) + *-janą.


uþþan

Old English: oþþon

Gothic: *𐌿𐌸𐌸𐌰𐌽 (*uþþan) (attested only in 𐌽𐌰𐌿𐌷𐌿𐌸𐌸𐌰𐌽 (nauhuþþan))

From *ud (stressed *uþ) + *þan (“then”). For the former, compare Sanskrit उत (uta, “and, also”).


twangijaną

twangijō (active first-person indicative singular)
twangijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
twangijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
twangīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
twangijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
twangī (active imperative second-person singular)
twangijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
twangijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
twangīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
twangijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
twangijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
twangijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
twangijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
twangijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
twangijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
twangijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
twangijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
twangijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
twangijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
twangijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
twangijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
twangijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
twangīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
twangijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
twangīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
twangijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
twangijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
twangijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
twangijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
twangijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
twangijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
twangijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
twangidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
twangidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
twangidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
twangidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
twangidē (active indicative singular third-person)
twangidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
twangidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
twangidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
twangidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
twangidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
twangidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
twangidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
twangidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
twangidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
twangidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
twangidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
twangijandz (active participle present)
twangidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *twangijan
Old English: twenġan
Middle English: twengen
English: twinge
Old Saxon: twengian
Old Dutch: *twengen
Middle Dutch: twengen
Old High German: zwengen


twinganą

twingō (active first-person indicative singular)
twingaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
twingai (first-person indicative passive singular)
twingizi (active indicative second-person singular)
twingaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
twing (active imperative second-person singular)
twingazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
twingaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
twingidi (active indicative singular third-person)
twingai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
twingadau (active imperative singular third-person)
twingadai (indicative passive singular third-person)
twingaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
twingōz (active dual first-person indicative)
twingaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
twingadiz (active dual indicative second-person)
twingaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
twingadiz (active dual imperative second-person)
twingamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
twingaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
twingandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
twingaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
twingid (active indicative plural second-person)
twingaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
twingid (active imperative plural second-person)
twingandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
twingaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
twingandi (active indicative plural third-person)
twingain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
twingandau (active imperative plural third-person)
twingandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
twingaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
twang (active first-person indicative singular)
twungį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
twanht (active indicative second-person singular)
twungīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
twang (active indicative singular third-person)
twungī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
twungū (active dual first-person indicative)
twungīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
twungudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
twungīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
twungum (active first-person indicative plural)
twungīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
twungud (active indicative plural second-person)
twungīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
twungun (active indicative plural third-person)
twungīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
twingandz (active participle present)
twunganaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *twingan
Old English: twingan
Middle English: twingen
>? Old Dutch: *twingan
>? Middle Dutch: twingen (might reflect the causative twengen instead)
Old High German: *zwingan
Middle High German: zwingen
German: zwingen (likely conflated with the descendant of *þwinhaną)

Unclear, seems to be closely related *þwinhaną.


runilaz

runilaz (nominative singular)
runilōz (nominative plural)
runilōs (nominative plural)
runil (singular vocative)
runilōz (plural vocative)
runilōs (plural vocative)
runilą (accusative singular)
runilanz (accusative plural)
runilas (genitive singular)
runilis (genitive singular)
runilǫ̂ (genitive plural)
runilai (dative singular)
runilamaz (dative plural)
runilō (instrumental singular)
runilamiz (instrumental plural)

Old English: rynel m

Middle English: runel, rinel, rennel

English: runnel

Swedish: rännil (“runnel; runner”)


rannislō

rannislō (nominative singular)
rannislôz (nominative plural)
rannislō (singular vocative)
rannislôz (plural vocative)
rannislǭ (accusative singular)
rannislōz (accusative plural)
rannislōz (genitive singular)
rannislǫ̂ (genitive plural)
rannislōi (dative singular)
rannislōmaz (dative plural)
rannislō (instrumental singular)
rannislōmiz (instrumental plural)

Old Norse: renzl f or n

Icelandic: rennsli n (“run, leak”)

>? German: Rinnsal n (“small stream”), (obsolete) rinsel, rintzl (“rennet”)

From *rannijaną (“to make run, make flow”), causative of *rinnaną (“to run, flow”), because a leak is what allows water to flow.


-ǭ

-ǭ (nominative singular)
-ōniz (nominative plural)
-ǭ (singular vocative)
-ōniz (plural vocative)
-ōnų (accusative singular)
-ōnunz (accusative plural)
-ōniz (genitive singular)
-ōnǫ̂ (genitive plural)
-ōni (dative singular)
-ōmaz (dative plural)
-ōnē (instrumental singular)
-ōmiz (instrumental plural)

Proto-West Germanic: *-ā

Old English: -e

Old Frisian: -e

Old Saxon: -a

Old Dutch: -a

Old High German: -a

Old Norse: -a

Icelandic: -a

Old Swedish: -a

Swedish: -a

Gothic: -𐍉 (-ō)

Partial merger of Proto-Indo-European *-ō(n) and Proto-Indo-European *-éh₂ (see also *-ō). The former originally conjugated as Proto-Indo-European amphikinetic n-stems, but because of the *ā > *ō sound change they came to coincide with the latter in the nominative singular, which lead to the suffix ablaut being lost. Why the feminine and masculine *-ō(n) sounded differently in Germanic though, despite having originally sounded the same, is an open question.

-ess. Forms agent nouns, often from the zero-grade form of the base.


slakaz

slakaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
slakai (masculine nominative plural strong)
slakō (feminine nominative singular strong)
slakôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
slaką (neuter nominative singular strong)
-at (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
slakō (neuter nominative plural strong)
slakanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
slakanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
slakǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
slakōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
slaką (accusative neuter singular strong)
-at (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
slakō (accusative neuter plural strong)
slakas (genitive masculine singular strong)
slakis (genitive masculine singular strong)
slakaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
slakaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
slakaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
slakas (genitive neuter singular strong)
slakis (genitive neuter singular strong)
slakaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
slakammai (dative masculine singular strong)
slakaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
slakaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
slakaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
slakammai (dative neuter singular strong)
slakaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
slakanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
slakaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
slakaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
slakaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
slakanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
slakaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
slakô (masculine nominative singular weak)
slakaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
slakǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
slakōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
slakô (neuter nominative singular weak)
slakōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
slakanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
slakanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
slakōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
slakōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
slakô (accusative neuter singular weak)
slakōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
slakiniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
slakanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
slakōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
slakōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
slakiniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
slakanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
slakini (dative masculine singular weak)
slakammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
slakōni (dative feminine singular weak)
slakōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
slakini (dative neuter singular weak)
slakammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
slakinē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
slakammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
slakōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
slakōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
slakinē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
slakammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

Proto-West Germanic: *slak
Old English: slæc, sleac, slec
Middle English: slak
English: slack
Scots: slak
Old Saxon: slak (“slack, cowardly”)
Middle Low German: slak
Low German: slak
→ German: schlack (partially)
Middle Dutch: slac (“slack, loose, slow”)
Old High German: slach (“slack, loose, slow”)
Middle High German: slach
German: schlack, schlach

Old Norse: slakr
Icelandic: slakur
Norwegian:
Norwegian Bokmål: slak
Norwegian Nynorsk: slak
Swedish: slak

Maybe from Proto-Indo-European *slogos, from the root *(s)leg- (“to weaken”). Compare Old Irish lacc (“slack”), Latin laxus (“slack, loose”), Tocharian A slākkär (“sad”), and perhaps Ancient Greek λαγαρός (lagarós, “slack, loose; thin, weak”) and Sanskrit श्लक्ष्ण (ślakṣṇa, “tender, soft”).