hukkōną

hukkō (active first-person indicative singular)
hukkǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
hukkōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
hukkōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
hukkōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
hukkō (active imperative second-person singular)
hukkōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
hukkōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
hukkōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
hukkō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
hukkōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
hukkōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
hukkōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
hukkōs (active dual first-person indicative)
hukkōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
hukkōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
hukkōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
hukkōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
hukkōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
hukkōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
hukkōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
hukkōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
hukkōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
hukkōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
hukkōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
hukkōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
hukkōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
hukkōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
hukkōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
hukkōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
hukkōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
hukkōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
hukkōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
hukkōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
hukkōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
hukkōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
hukkōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
hukkōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
hukkōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
hukkōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
hukkōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
hukkōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
hukkōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
hukkōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
hukkōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
hukkōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
hukkōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
hukkōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
hukkōndz (active participle present)
hukkōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

German: hocken

Old Norse: hoka

Icelandic: hoka

From Pre-Germanic *kuknéh₂-, a zero-grade iterative to Proto-Indo-European *kewk- (“to bend, curve(?)”). The strong verb *hūkaną was likely back-formed from the iterative. Related to Sanskrit कुचति (kucati, “to make crooked”), Proto-Slavic *kukati ~ Proto-Slavic *kučati (“to squat”).


hluppōną

hluppō (active first-person indicative singular)
hluppǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
hluppōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
hluppōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
hluppōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
hluppō (active imperative second-person singular)
hluppōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
hluppōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
hluppōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
hluppō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
hluppōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
hluppōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
hluppōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
hluppōs (active dual first-person indicative)
hluppōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
hluppōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
hluppōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
hluppōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
hluppōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
hluppōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
hluppōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
hluppōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
hluppōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
hluppōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
hluppōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
hluppōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
hluppōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
hluppōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
hluppōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
hluppōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
hluppōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
hluppōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
hluppōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
hluppōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
hluppōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
hluppōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
hluppōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
hluppōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
hluppōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
hluppōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
hluppōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
hluppōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
hluppōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
hluppōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
hluppōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
hluppōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
hluppōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
hluppōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
hluppōndz (active participle present)
hluppōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *hloppōn
>? Old English: *hlopian
>? Middle English: lopen (usually adduced from loup, but can continue *hlupōną as well)
>? English: lope
Old Saxon: *loppon
Middle Low German: loppen
Old Dutch: *loppon
Middle Dutch: loppen
Old High German: loffōn

From zero-grade iterative of *hlaupaną (“to leap, jump”).


prikkōną

prikkō (active first-person indicative singular)
prikkǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
prikkōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
prikkōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
prikkōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
prikkō (active imperative second-person singular)
prikkōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
prikkōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
prikkōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
prikkō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
prikkōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
prikkōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
prikkōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
prikkōs (active dual first-person indicative)
prikkōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
prikkōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
prikkōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
prikkōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
prikkōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
prikkōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
prikkōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
prikkōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
prikkōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
prikkōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
prikkōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
prikkōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
prikkōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
prikkōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
prikkōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
prikkōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
prikkōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
prikkōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
prikkōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
prikkōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
prikkōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
prikkōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
prikkōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
prikkōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
prikkōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
prikkōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
prikkōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
prikkōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
prikkōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
prikkōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
prikkōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
prikkōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
prikkōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
prikkōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
prikkōndz (active participle present)
prikkōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Old English: prician

Middle English: priken, prikien

English: prick

Middle Low German: pricken

Dutch: prikken

Middle High German: pfrecken

Probably from Pre-Germanic *bri(g/ǵ)néh₂-, though very likely not of Proto-Indo-European origin. Possibly onomatopoeic.


happōną

happō (active first-person indicative singular)
happǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
happōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
happōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
happōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
happō (active imperative second-person singular)
happōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
happōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
happōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
happō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
happōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
happōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
happōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
happōs (active dual first-person indicative)
happōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
happōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
happōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
happōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
happōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
happōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
happōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
happōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
happōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
happōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
happōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
happōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
happōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
happōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
happōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
happōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
happōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
happōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
happōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
happōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
happōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
happōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
happōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
happōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
happōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
happōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
happōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
happōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
happōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
happōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
happōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
happōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
happōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
happōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
happōndz (active participle present)
happōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *happōn, *habbōn

Old Dutch:

Middle Dutch:

Dutch: happen, habben (early modern)

From pre-Germanic *kh₂pnéh₂-, a zero-grade iterative to *habjaną (“to have”).


happōną

Old Norse: *happa, *habba

Swedish: happa, habba (dialectal)

From pre-Germanic *kobʰnéh₂- an o-grade iterative to Proto-Indo-European *kobʰ- (“to succeed”). Probably related to Old Irish cob (“victory”), Old Church Slavonic кобь (kobĭ, “fate”).


plukkōną

plukkō (active first-person indicative singular)
plukkǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
plukkōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
plukkōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
plukkōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
plukkō (active imperative second-person singular)
plukkōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
plukkōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
plukkōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
plukkō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
plukkōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
plukkōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
plukkōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
plukkōs (active dual first-person indicative)
plukkōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
plukkōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
plukkōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
plukkōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
plukkōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
plukkōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
plukkōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
plukkōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
plukkōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
plukkōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
plukkōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
plukkōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
plukkōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
plukkōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
plukkōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
plukkōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
plukkōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
plukkōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
plukkōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
plukkōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
plukkōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
plukkōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
plukkōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
plukkōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
plukkōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
plukkōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
plukkōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
plukkōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
plukkōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
plukkōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
plukkōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
plukkōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
plukkōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
plukkōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
plukkōndz (active participle present)
plukkōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *plukkōn

Old English: ploccian, pluccian

desctree

Middle English: plukken, ploke, plokke, plucke, pluk, pluke, plukke, plukkyn
English: pluck
Scots: pluck

Old Frisian: *plokkia

Saterland Frisian: plukje

West Frisian: ploaitsje, plôkje

⇒ Old Frisian: hērplokkia

Old Saxon: *plukkōn

Middle Low German: plucken

Low German: ploken

Old Dutch: *plukkon

Middle Dutch: plocken, plucken

Dutch: plukken
Afrikaans: pluk
Jersey Dutch: plökke

Flemish: plokken

Old High German: phlockōn, *phlucken

desc

Middle High German: pflocken, pflucken, pflücken

German: pflocken (obsolete), pflücken

Hunsrik: plicke

Luxembourgish: plécken

Rhine Franconian: plicke, plocke

Old Norse: plukka, plokka (possibly borrowed from Low German)

Icelandic: plokka

Norwegian: plukke

Swedish: plocka

Danish: plukke

Possibly represents a Pre-Germanic *blu(gʰ/ǵʰ)néh₂-. Alternatively, borrowed from Vulgar Latin *pilūc(i)cāre, but the historical evidence is shaky.


rippōną

rippō (active first-person indicative singular)
rippǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
rippōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
rippōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
rippōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
rippō (active imperative second-person singular)
rippōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
rippōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
rippōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
rippō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
rippōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
rippōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
rippōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
rippōs (active dual first-person indicative)
rippōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
rippōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
rippōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
rippōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
rippōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
rippōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
rippōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
rippōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
rippōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
rippōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
rippōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
rippōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
rippōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
rippōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
rippōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
rippōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
rippōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
rippōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
rippōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
rippōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
rippōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
rippōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
rippōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
rippōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
rippōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
rippōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
rippōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
rippōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
rippōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
rippōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
rippōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
rippōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
rippōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
rippōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
rippōndz (active participle present)
rippōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Old Dutch:

Middle Dutch: repen

Dutch: reppen (early modern), rippen

Old High German:

Middle High German: reffen

Rhine Franconian: reffe

Old Norse: *ripa

Faroese: ripa

Norwegian: ripe

From Pre-Germanic *Hripnéh₂-, a zero-grade iterative to *rīfaną/*rīpaną (“to tear”).


suppōną

suppō (active first-person indicative singular)
suppǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
suppōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
suppōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
suppōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
suppō (active imperative second-person singular)
suppōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
suppōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
suppōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
suppō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
suppōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
suppōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
suppōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
suppōs (active dual first-person indicative)
suppōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
suppōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
suppōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
suppōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
suppōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
suppōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
suppōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
suppōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
suppōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
suppōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
suppōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
suppōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
suppōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
suppōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
suppōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
suppōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
suppōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
suppōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
suppōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
suppōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
suppōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
suppōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
suppōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
suppōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
suppōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
suppōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
suppōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
suppōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
suppōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
suppōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
suppōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
suppōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
suppōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
suppōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
suppōndz (active participle present)
suppōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *soppōn
Old English: soppian
Middle English: soppen
English: sop
Old Frisian: *sopja
West Frisian: sopje
Old Dutch: *soppon
Middle Dutch: soppen
Dutch: soppen
⇒ Middle Dutch: sopperen
Old High German: soffōn, sofōn

Gothic: 𐍃𐌿𐍀𐍉𐌽 (supōn)

Kroonen reconstructs the Pre-Germanic form as *su(H)ph₃néh₂-, with dissimilation of the first laryngeal, a compound of Proto-Indo-European *sewH- (“to pour”) + *peh₃- (“to drink”). The strong verb *sūpaną (“to guzzle, soak”) was likely back-formed from the iterative. Related to Sanskrit सूप (sūpa, “soup, broth”).


wlaitōną

wlaitō (active first-person indicative singular)
wlaitǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
wlaitōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
wlaitōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
wlaitōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
wlaitō (active imperative second-person singular)
wlaitōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
wlaitōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
wlaitōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
wlaitō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
wlaitōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
wlaitōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
wlaitōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
wlaitōs (active dual first-person indicative)
wlaitōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
wlaitōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
wlaitōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
wlaitōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
wlaitōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
wlaitōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
wlaitōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
wlaitōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
wlaitōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
wlaitōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
wlaitōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
wlaitōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
wlaitōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
wlaitōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
wlaitōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
wlaitōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
wlaitōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
wlaitōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
wlaitōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
wlaitōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
wlaitōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
wlaitōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
wlaitōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
wlaitōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
wlaitōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
wlaitōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
wlaitōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
wlaitōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
wlaitōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
wlaitōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
wlaitōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
wlaitōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
wlaitōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
wlaitōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
wlaitōndz (active participle present)
wlaitōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *wlaitōn
Old English: wlātian
Middle English: wlaten, laiten
English: lait
Scots: wlate

Old Norse: leita
Icelandic: leita
Faroese: leita
Norwegian Nynorsk: leita
→ Norwegian Bokmål: leite
Elfdalian: lieta
Danish: lede
Norwegian Bokmål: lete
Old Swedish: lēta
Swedish: leta

Gothic: 𐍅𐌻𐌰𐌹𐍄𐍉𐌽 (wlaitōn)

An o-grade iterative to *wlītaną (“to see”).


þukkōną

þukkō (active first-person indicative singular)
þukkǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
þukkōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
þukkōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
þukkōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
þukkō (active imperative second-person singular)
þukkōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
þukkōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
þukkōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
þukkō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
þukkōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
þukkōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
þukkōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
þukkōs (active dual first-person indicative)
þukkōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
þukkōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
þukkōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
þukkōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
þukkōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
þukkōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
þukkōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
þukkōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
þukkōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
þukkōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
þukkōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
þukkōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
þukkōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
þukkōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
þukkōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
þukkōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
þukkōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
þukkōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
þukkōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
þukkōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
þukkōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
þukkōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
þukkōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
þukkōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
þukkōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
þukkōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
þukkōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
þukkōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
þukkōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
þukkōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
þukkōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
þukkōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
þukkōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
þukkōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
þukkōndz (active participle present)
þukkōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *þukkōn, *þokōn

Old English: *þocian

⇒ Old English: þocerian

⇒ Old English: *þucc

desc

>? Middle English: thucke (“nasty trick, harm”)

Old High German: *duh, *duk

>? Middle High German: duc, tuc (“push, blow”)

German: Tuck (dialectal)

Old Norse: þoka (“to move, give way, budge”)

Icelandic: þoka

Faroese: toka

Norwegian: toka, tokka

→⇒? Middle English: thoke (adj)

⇒ English: thokish (dialectal)

⇒ English: thoky (dialectal)

desctree

⇒ Old Norse: þukla
Icelandic: þukla
Norwegian Nynorsk: tukla, tukle
Norwegian Bokmål: tukle

From earlier paradigm *þukkōþi ~ *þugunanþi, from pre-Proto-Germanic *tuk-nā́-ti ~ *tuk-un-ánti, iterative from Proto-Indo-European *(s)tewk- (“to shove, push”).


hōbō

hōbō (nominative singular)
hōbôz (nominative plural)
hōbō (singular vocative)
hōbôz (plural vocative)
hōbǭ (accusative singular)
hōbōz (accusative plural)
hōbōz (genitive singular)
hōbǫ̂ (genitive plural)
hōbōi (dative singular)
hōbōmaz (dative plural)
hōbō (instrumental singular)
hōbōmiz (instrumental plural)

Old Saxon: hōva

Middle Low German: hōve

Low German: Hoov

desctree

Old Dutch: *huova
Middle Dutch: hoeve
Dutch: hoeve

Old High German: huoba

German: Hube

From Pre-Germanic *keh₂péh₂, from Proto-Indo-European *keh₂po- (“land, garden”), from *keh₂p- (“to seize”). Related to Ancient Greek κῆπος (kêpos, “garden, orchard”) and possibly Albanian kopsht (“garden”).


þreutaną

þreutō (active first-person indicative singular)
þreutaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
þreutai (first-person indicative passive singular)
þriutizi (active indicative second-person singular)
þreutaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
þreut (active imperative second-person singular)
þreutazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
þreutaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
þriutidi (active indicative singular third-person)
þreutai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
þreutadau (active imperative singular third-person)
þreutadai (indicative passive singular third-person)
þreutaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
þreutōz (active dual first-person indicative)
þreutaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
þreutadiz (active dual indicative second-person)
þreutaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
þreutadiz (active dual imperative second-person)
þreutamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
þreutaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
þreutandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
þreutaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
þriutid (active indicative plural second-person)
þreutaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
þriutid (active imperative plural second-person)
þreutandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
þreutaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
þreutandi (active indicative plural third-person)
þreutain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
þreutandau (active imperative plural third-person)
þreutandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
þreutaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
þraut (active first-person indicative singular)
þrutį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
þraust (active indicative second-person singular)
þrutīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
þraut (active indicative singular third-person)
þrutī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
þrutū (active dual first-person indicative)
þrutīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
þrutudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
þrutīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
þrutum (active first-person indicative plural)
þrutīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
þrutud (active indicative plural second-person)
þrutīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
þrutun (active indicative plural third-person)
þrutīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
þreutandz (active participle present)
þrutanaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *þreutan
Old English: þrēotan
Old Saxon: thriotan
Middle Low German: drēten

Old Norse: þrjóta
Icelandic: þrjóta
Faroese: tróta
Norwegian:
Norwegian Bokmål: tryte
Norwegian Nynorsk: tryta, tryte
Old Swedish: þrȳta
Swedish: tryta
Old Danish: tryde
⇒ Old Danish: fortryde
Danish: fortryde

⇒ Proto-Germanic: *uzþreutaną
Proto-West Germanic: *uʀþreutan
Old English: āþrēotan
Old Saxon: āthriotan
Middle Low German: vordrēten, vordreiten
Old High German: irdriozan, irdruzzen
Middle High German: erdriezen, verdriezen
German: erdrießen (archaic), verdrießen
Gothic: 𐌿𐍃𐌸𐍂𐌹𐌿𐍄𐌰𐌽 (usþriutan)

From Proto-Indo-European *trewd- (“to harass”).


hlakkōną

hlakkō (active first-person indicative singular)
hlakkǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
hlakkōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
hlakkōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
hlakkōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
hlakkō (active imperative second-person singular)
hlakkōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
hlakkōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
hlakkōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
hlakkō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
hlakkōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
hlakkōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
hlakkōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
hlakkōs (active dual first-person indicative)
hlakkōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
hlakkōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
hlakkōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
hlakkōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
hlakkōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
hlakkōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
hlakkōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
hlakkōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
hlakkōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
hlakkōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
hlakkōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
hlakkōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
hlakkōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
hlakkōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
hlakkōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
hlakkōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
hlakkōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
hlakkōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
hlakkōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
hlakkōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
hlakkōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
hlakkōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
hlakkōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
hlakkōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
hlakkōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
hlakkōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
hlakkōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
hlakkōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
hlakkōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
hlakkōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
hlakkōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
hlakkōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
hlakkōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
hlakkōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
hlakkōndz (active participle present)
hlakkōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *hlakkōn, *hlakōn

Old English: *hlacian

⇒ Old English: *hlacerian

⇒ Old English: hlacerung

Old Frisian: hlakkia, hlakia

Saterland Frisian: laachje

West Frisian: laitsje

Old Norse: hlakka

Icelandic: hlakka

Secondary o-grade iterative of *hlahjaną (“to laugh”).


flagnaną

flagnō (active first-person indicative singular)
flagnaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
flagnōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
flagnais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
flagnō (active imperative second-person singular)
flagnōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
flagnai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
flagnōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
flagnōs (active dual first-person indicative)
flagnaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
flagnaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
flagnaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
flagnaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
flagnamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
flagnaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
flagnaþ (active indicative plural second-person)
flagnaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
flagnaþ (active imperative plural second-person)
flagnanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
flagnain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
flagnanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
flagnōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
flagnōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
flagnōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
flagnōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
flagnōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
flagnōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
flagnōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
flagnōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
flagnōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
flagnōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
flagnōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
flagnōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
flagnōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
flagnōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
flagnōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
flagnōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
flagnandz (active participle present)

Old Norse: flagna

Icelandic: flagna

Swedish: flagna

Scanian: flağna

/ˈɸlɑɣ.nɑ.nɑ̃/


þurznaną

þurznō (active first-person indicative singular)
þurznaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
þurznōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
þurznais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
þurznō (active imperative second-person singular)
þurznōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
þurznai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
þurznōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
þurznōs (active dual first-person indicative)
þurznaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
þurznaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
þurznaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
þurznaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
þurznamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
þurznaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
þurznaþ (active indicative plural second-person)
þurznaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
þurznaþ (active imperative plural second-person)
þurznanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
þurznain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
þurznanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
þurznōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
þurznōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
þurznōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
þurznōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
þurznōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
þurznōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
þurznōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
þurznōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
þurznōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
þurznōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
þurznōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
þurznōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
þurznōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
þurznōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
þurznōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
þurznōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
þurznandz (active participle present)

Old Norse: þorna

Icelandic: þorna

Faroese: torna

⇒ Gothic: 𐌲𐌰𐌸𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍃𐌽𐌰𐌽 (gaþaursnan)


dōbnaną

dōbnō (active first-person indicative singular)
dōbnaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
dōbnōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
dōbnais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
dōbnō (active imperative second-person singular)
dōbnōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
dōbnai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
dōbnōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
dōbnōs (active dual first-person indicative)
dōbnaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
dōbnaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
dōbnaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
dōbnaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
dōbnamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
dōbnaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
dōbnaþ (active indicative plural second-person)
dōbnaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
dōbnaþ (active imperative plural second-person)
dōbnanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
dōbnain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
dōbnanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
dōbnōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
dōbnōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
dōbnōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
dōbnōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
dōbnōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
dōbnōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
dōbnōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
dōbnōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
dōbnōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
dōbnōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
dōbnōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
dōbnōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
dōbnōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
dōbnōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
dōbnōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
dōbnōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
dōbnandz (active participle present)

⇒ Gothic: 𐌰𐍆𐌳𐍉𐌱𐌽𐌰𐌽 (afdōbnan)

/ˈdɔːβ.nɑ.nɑ̃/

From an unattested *dōbaz (“dull, numb”) + *-naną, perhaps ultimately from the root of *dapraz (“heavy, solid, stout”).


dubnaną

dubnō (active first-person indicative singular)
dubnaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
dubnōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
dubnais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
dubnō (active imperative second-person singular)
dubnōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
dubnai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
dubnōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
dubnōs (active dual first-person indicative)
dubnaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
dubnaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
dubnaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
dubnaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
dubnamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
dubnaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
dubnaþ (active indicative plural second-person)
dubnaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
dubnaþ (active imperative plural second-person)
dubnanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
dubnain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
dubnanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
dubnōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
dubnōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
dubnōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
dubnōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
dubnōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
dubnōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
dubnōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
dubnōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
dubnōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
dubnōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
dubnōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
dubnōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
dubnōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
dubnōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
dubnōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
dubnōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
dubnandz (active participle present)

Old Norse: dofna

Icelandic: dofna

Faroese: dovna

Old Swedish: dofna, dufna

Swedish: domna

From *dubaz (“dull”) + *-naną. Related to *daubaz (“stunned”).


huttōną

huttō (active first-person indicative singular)
huttǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
huttōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
huttōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
huttōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
huttō (active imperative second-person singular)
huttōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
huttōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
huttōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
huttō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
huttōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
huttōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
huttōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
huttōs (active dual first-person indicative)
huttōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
huttōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
huttōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
huttōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
huttōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
huttōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
huttōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
huttōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
huttōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
huttōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
huttōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
huttōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
huttōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
huttōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
huttōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
huttōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
huttōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
huttōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
huttōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
huttōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
huttōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
huttōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
huttōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
huttōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
huttōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
huttōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
huttōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
huttōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
huttōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
huttōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
huttōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
huttōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
huttōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
huttōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
huttōndz (active participle present)
huttōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

⇒ English: hotter (with secondary frequentative suffix)

Middle High German: hossen, hotzen

German: hutzen (dialectal)

Norwegian: hutta, hotta

From Pre-Germanic *kudnéh₂-, a zero-grade iterative to Proto-Indo-European *(s)kewd- (“to advance, push”). Related to Sanskrit चोदति (codati, “to urge, impel, incite”).


kwiknaną

kwiknō (active first-person indicative singular)
kwiknaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
kwiknōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
kwiknais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
kwiknō (active imperative second-person singular)
kwiknōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
kwiknai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
kwiknōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
kwiknōs (active dual first-person indicative)
kwiknaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
kwiknaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
kwiknaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
kwiknaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
kwiknamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
kwiknaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
kwiknaþ (active indicative plural second-person)
kwiknaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
kwiknaþ (active imperative plural second-person)
kwiknanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
kwiknain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
kwiknanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
kwiknōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
kwiknōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
kwiknōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
kwiknōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
kwiknōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
kwiknōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
kwiknōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
kwiknōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
kwiknōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
kwiknōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
kwiknōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
kwiknōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
kwiknōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
kwiknōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
kwiknōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
kwiknōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
kwiknandz (active participle present)

Old Norse: kvikna, kykna

Icelandic: kvikna

Faroese: kvikna

Danish: kvikne

Old Swedish: qvikna

Swedish: kvickna

Norwegian:

Norwegian Bokmål: kvikne

Norwegian Nynorsk: kvikna, kvikne

→? Middle English: quikenen

English: quicken

Scots: quikkin, quickin

⇒ Gothic: 𐌲𐌰𐌵𐌹𐌿𐌽𐌰𐌽 (gaqiunan)


tugnaną

tugnō (active first-person indicative singular)
tugnaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
tugnōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
tugnais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
tugnō (active imperative second-person singular)
tugnōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
tugnai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
tugnōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
tugnōs (active dual first-person indicative)
tugnaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
tugnaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
tugnaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
tugnaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
tugnamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
tugnaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
tugnaþ (active indicative plural second-person)
tugnaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
tugnaþ (active imperative plural second-person)
tugnanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
tugnain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
tugnanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
tugnōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
tugnōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
tugnōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
tugnōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
tugnōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
tugnōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
tugnōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
tugnōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
tugnōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
tugnōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
tugnōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
tugnōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
tugnōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
tugnōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
tugnōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
tugnōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
tugnandz (active participle present)

Old Norse: togna

Icelandic: togna

Faroese: togna


swippōną

swippō (active first-person indicative singular)
swippǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
swippōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
swippōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
swippōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
swippō (active imperative second-person singular)
swippōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
swippōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
swippōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
swippō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
swippōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
swippōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
swippōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
swippōs (active dual first-person indicative)
swippōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
swippōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
swippōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
swippōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
swippōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
swippōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
swippōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
swippōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
swippōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
swippōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
swippōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
swippōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
swippōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
swippōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
swippōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
swippōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
swippōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
swippōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
swippōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
swippōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
swippōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
swippōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
swippōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
swippōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
swippōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
swippōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
swippōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
swippōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
swippōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
swippōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
swippōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
swippōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
swippōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
swippōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
swippōndz (active participle present)
swippōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Old English: swipian, sweopian, swippan

Middle English: swippen, swipen

Middle English: swipe, (obsolete) swip

German: schwippen

Old Norse: svipa

Danish: svippe

Icelandic: svipa

From pre-Germanic *swip-néh₂-ti, zero-grade iterative of *swībaną.


hrīþô

hrīþô (nominative singular)
hrīþaniz (nominative plural)
hrīþô (singular vocative)
hrīþaniz (plural vocative)
hrīþanų (accusative singular)
hrittunz (accusative plural)
hrittaz (genitive singular)
hrittǫ̂ (genitive plural)
hridini (dative singular)
hridummaz (dative plural)
hrittē (instrumental singular)
hridummiz (instrumental plural)

Old Saxon: hrido

Middle Dutch: ridde, rede

Old High German: rīdo, (dative) riten, ritto

Middle High German: rite, ritte

/ˈxriː.θɔːː/

An originally ablauting n-stem derived from *hriþaną (“to sift”), originally ("to shake").


fraluznaną

fraluznō (active first-person indicative singular)
fraluznaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
fraluznōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
fraluznais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
fraluznō (active imperative second-person singular)
fraluznōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
fraluznai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
fraluznōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
fraluznōs (active dual first-person indicative)
fraluznaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
fraluznaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
fraluznaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
fraluznaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
fraluznamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
fraluznaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
fraluznaþ (active indicative plural second-person)
fraluznaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
fraluznaþ (active imperative plural second-person)
fraluznanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
fraluznain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
fraluznanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
fraluznōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
fraluznōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
fraluznōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
fraluznōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
fraluznōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
fraluznōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
fraluznōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
fraluznōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
fraluznōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
fraluznōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
fraluznōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
fraluznōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
fraluznōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
fraluznōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
fraluznōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
fraluznōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
fraluznandz (active participle present)

Old Norse: losna

Danish: losne

Faroese: losna

Icelandic: losna

Norwegian Bokmål: løsne

Norwegian Nynorsk: losna

Swedish: lossna

Gothic: 𐍆𐍂𐌰𐌻𐌿𐍃𐌽𐌰𐌽 (fralusnan)


batnaną

batnō (active first-person indicative singular)
batnaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
batnōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
batnais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
batnō (active imperative second-person singular)
batnōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
batnai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
batnōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
batnōs (active dual first-person indicative)
batnaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
batnaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
batnaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
batnaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
batnamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
batnaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
batnaþ (active indicative plural second-person)
batnaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
batnaþ (active imperative plural second-person)
batnanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
batnain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
batnanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
batnōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
batnōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
batnōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
batnōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
batnōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
batnōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
batnōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
batnōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
batnōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
batnōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
batnōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
batnōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
batnōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
batnōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
batnōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
batnōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
batnandz (active participle present)

Old Norse: batna

Icelandic: batna

Faroese: batna

Old Swedish: batna

Elfdalian: battn

→ Middle English: *battenen, *batnen

English: batten

Scots: batten

⇒ Gothic: 𐌲𐌰𐌱𐌰𐍄𐌽𐌰𐌽 (gabatnan)


snaidō

snaidō (nominative singular)
snaidôz (nominative plural)
snaidō (singular vocative)
snaidôz (plural vocative)
snaidǭ (accusative singular)
snaidōz (accusative plural)
snaidōz (genitive singular)
snaidǫ̂ (genitive plural)
snaidōi (dative singular)
snaidōmaz (dative plural)
snaidō (instrumental singular)
snaidōmiz (instrumental plural)

Old English: *snād

Middle English: snode

Old Frisian: snēthe

Old Dutch: snetha, snethe, snede

Middle Dutch: snede

Dutch: snede, snee

Old High German: *sneita

Middle High German: sneite

Old Norse: sneið

Icelandic: sneið

Faroese: sneið

/ˈsnɑi̯.ðɔː/


farwaz

*farwaz (a-stem)

farwaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
farwai (masculine nominative plural strong)
farwō (feminine nominative singular strong)
farwôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
farwą (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
farwō (neuter nominative plural strong)
farwanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
farwanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
farwǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
farwōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
farwą (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
farwō (accusative neuter plural strong)
farwas (genitive masculine singular strong)
-is (genitive masculine singular strong)
farwaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
farwaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
farwaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
farwas (genitive neuter singular strong)
-is (genitive neuter singular strong)
farwaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
farwammai (dative masculine singular strong)
farwaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
farwaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
farwaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
farwammai (dative neuter singular strong)
farwaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
farwanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
farwaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
farwaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
farwaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
farwanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
farwaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
farwô (masculine nominative singular weak)
farwaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
farwǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
farwōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
farwô (neuter nominative singular weak)
farwōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
farwanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
farwanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
farwōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
farwōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
farwô (accusative neuter singular weak)
farwōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
farwiniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
farwanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
farwōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
farwōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
farwiniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
farwanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
farwini (dative masculine singular weak)
farwammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
farwōni (dative feminine singular weak)
farwōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
farwini (dative neuter singular weak)
farwammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
farwinē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
farwammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
farwōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
farwōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
farwinē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
farwammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

Old Saxon: faro, faru

Old High German: faro

Middle High German: vare

From earlier *fargwaz, from Pre-Germanic *porḱwós, from Proto-Indo-European *perḱ- (“spotted”).


snittōną

snittō (active first-person indicative singular)
snittǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
snittōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
snittōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
snittōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
snittō (active imperative second-person singular)
snittōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
snittōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
snittōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
snittō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
snittōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
snittōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
snittōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
snittōs (active dual first-person indicative)
snittōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
snittōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
snittōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
snittōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
snittōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
snittōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
snittōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
snittōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
snittōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
snittōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
snittōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
snittōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
snittōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
snittōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
snittōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
snittōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
snittōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
snittōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
snittōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
snittōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
snittōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
snittōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
snittōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
snittōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
snittōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
snittōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
snittōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
snittōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
snittōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
snittōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
snittōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
snittōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
snittōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
snittōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
snittōndz (active participle present)
snittōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *snittōn
Old Frisian: snithia (adopted -th- from the strong verb)
Old Saxon: *snittōn, *snidōn
Middle Low German: snitten, snēden
Old High German: *snizzōn, snitōn
Middle High German: snitzen, snēden
Alemannic German: schnëtze
German: schnitzen
→ Middle Low German: snitsen
German Low German: sniddjen

Old Norse: sniða

From Pre-Germanic *snitnéh₂-, a zero-grade iterative to *snīþaną (“to cut”).


sturknaną

sturknō (active first-person indicative singular)
sturknaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
sturknōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
sturknais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
sturknō (active imperative second-person singular)
sturknōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
sturknai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
sturknōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
sturknōs (active dual first-person indicative)
sturknaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
sturknaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
sturknaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
sturknaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
sturknamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
sturknaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
sturknaþ (active indicative plural second-person)
sturknaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
sturknaþ (active imperative plural second-person)
sturknanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
sturknain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
sturknanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
sturknōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
sturknōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
sturknōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
sturknōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
sturknōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
sturknōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
sturknōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
sturknōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
sturknōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
sturknōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
sturknōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
sturknōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
sturknōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
sturknōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
sturknōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
sturknōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
sturknandz (active participle present)

Old Norse: storkna

Icelandic: storkna

Old Swedish: storkna
Swedish: storkna

A fientive verb derived from a strong verb *sterkaną (attested only in its past participle), from Proto-Indo-European *sterg- (“rigid, stiff”).


krumpōną

krumpō (active first-person indicative singular)
krumpǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
krumpōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
krumpōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
krumpōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
krumpō (active imperative second-person singular)
krumpōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
krumpōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
krumpōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
krumpō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
krumpōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
krumpōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
krumpōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
krumpōs (active dual first-person indicative)
krumpōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
krumpōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
krumpōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
krumpōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
krumpōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
krumpōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
krumpōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
krumpōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
krumpōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
krumpōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
krumpōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
krumpōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
krumpōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
krumpōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
krumpōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
krumpōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
krumpōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
krumpōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
krumpōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
krumpōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
krumpōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
krumpōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
krumpōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
krumpōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
krumpōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
krumpōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
krumpōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
krumpōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
krumpōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
krumpōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
krumpōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
krumpōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
krumpōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
krumpōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
krumpōndz (active participle present)
krumpōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

English: crump (obsolete), cf. crumple (with frequentative suffix)

German: krumpfen

From Pre-Germanic *grm̥bʰnéh₂-, a zero-grade iterative to *krimpaną (“to shrink”).


krunkōną

krunkō (active first-person indicative singular)
krunkǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
krunkōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
krunkōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
krunkōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
krunkō (active imperative second-person singular)
krunkōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
krunkōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
krunkōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
krunkō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
krunkōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
krunkōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
krunkōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
krunkōs (active dual first-person indicative)
krunkōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
krunkōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
krunkōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
krunkōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
krunkōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
krunkōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
krunkōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
krunkōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
krunkōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
krunkōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
krunkōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
krunkōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
krunkōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
krunkōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
krunkōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
krunkōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
krunkōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
krunkōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
krunkōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
krunkōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
krunkōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
krunkōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
krunkōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
krunkōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
krunkōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
krunkōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
krunkōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
krunkōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
krunkōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
krunkōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
krunkōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
krunkōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
krunkōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
krunkōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
krunkōndz (active participle present)
krunkōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

(English: crunkle) (dialectal; with frequentative suffix)

Dutch: kronken (early modern), cf. kronkelen (with frequentative suffix)

From Pre-Germanic *grn̥ǵʰnéh₂-, a zero-grade iterative to *kringaną (“to turn, fall”).


strīdaną

strīdō (active first-person indicative singular)
strīdaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
strīdai (first-person indicative passive singular)
strīdizi (active indicative second-person singular)
strīdaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
strīd (active imperative second-person singular)
strīdazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
strīdaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
strīdidi (active indicative singular third-person)
strīdai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
strīdadau (active imperative singular third-person)
strīdadai (indicative passive singular third-person)
strīdaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
strīdōz (active dual first-person indicative)
strīdaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
strīdadiz (active dual indicative second-person)
strīdaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
strīdadiz (active dual imperative second-person)
strīdamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
strīdaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
strīdandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
strīdaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
strīdid (active indicative plural second-person)
strīdaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
strīdid (active imperative plural second-person)
strīdandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
strīdaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
strīdandi (active indicative plural third-person)
strīdain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
strīdandau (active imperative plural third-person)
strīdandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
strīdaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
straid (active first-person indicative singular)
stridį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
straist (active indicative second-person singular)
stridīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
straid (active indicative singular third-person)
stridī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
stridū (active dual first-person indicative)
stridīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
stridudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
stridīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
stridum (active first-person indicative plural)
stridīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
stridud (active indicative plural second-person)
stridīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
stridun (active indicative plural third-person)
stridīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
strīdandz (active participle present)
stridanaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *strīdan
Old English: strīdan
Middle English: strīden
English: stride
Scots: stryde, stride
Old Frisian: strīda
Saterland Frisian: striedje
West Frisian: stride, strijde
Old Saxon: strīdan
Middle Low German: strîden
German Low German: strieden
Old Dutch: *strīdan
Middle Dutch: striden
Dutch: strijden
Limburgish: strieje
Old High German: strītan
Middle High German: strīten
German: streiten
Luxembourgish: streiden

Old Norse: *stríða

Old Swedish: strīþa

Swedish: strida

Probably from Pre-Germanic *streydʰh₁-, a compound of Proto-Indo-European *strey- (“to resist”) + *dʰeh₁- (“to put”). Probably related to Latvian strīdēties (“to resist, quarrel”).


krimpaną

krimpō (active first-person indicative singular)
krimpaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
krimpai (first-person indicative passive singular)
krimpizi (active indicative second-person singular)
krimpaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
krimp (active imperative second-person singular)
krimpazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
krimpaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
krimpidi (active indicative singular third-person)
krimpai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
krimpadau (active imperative singular third-person)
krimpadai (indicative passive singular third-person)
krimpaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
krimpōz (active dual first-person indicative)
krimpaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
krimpadiz (active dual indicative second-person)
krimpaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
krimpadiz (active dual imperative second-person)
krimpamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
krimpaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
krimpandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
krimpaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
krimpid (active indicative plural second-person)
krimpaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
krimpid (active imperative plural second-person)
krimpandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
krimpaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
krimpandi (active indicative plural third-person)
krimpain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
krimpandau (active imperative plural third-person)
krimpandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
krimpaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
kramp (active first-person indicative singular)
krumpį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
kramft (active indicative second-person singular)
krumpīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
kramp (active indicative singular third-person)
krumpī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
krumpū (active dual first-person indicative)
krumpīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
krumpudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
krumpīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
krumpum (active first-person indicative plural)
krumpīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
krumpud (active indicative plural second-person)
krumpīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
krumpun (active indicative plural third-person)
krumpīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
krimpandz (active participle present)
krumpanaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Old English: *crimpan (attested in ġecrympan)

Middle English: crimpen, crympen

Scots: crimp

English: crimp

Old Frisian: *krimpa

Saterland Frisian: krimpe

West Frisian: krimpe

Old Saxon: *krimpan

Middle Low German: krimpen

German Low German: krimpen

→ German: krimpen

desctree

Old Dutch: *crimpan
Middle Dutch: crimpen
Dutch: krimpen
Limburgish: krömpe

desc

Old High German: *krimpfan, *krimphan, *krimfan (attested as krimfit)

Middle High German: krimpfen, grimpfen

German: krimpfen

Old Norse: kreppa, *krimpa (eastern); kroppinn (ppt.)

Icelandic: kreppa

Norwegian Nynorsk: kreppe

Old Swedish: krympa; krumpin

Swedish: krympa, dial. krimpa

Danish: krympe

Originally *krimbaną, with contamination of -p- from the iterative *krumpōną, from Pre-Germanic *grembʰ-, a nasalized form of Proto-Indo-European *grebʰ-. Possibly related to Proto-Slavic *gъrbъ (“hump”).


faukōną

faukō (active first-person indicative singular)
faukǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
faukōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
faukōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
faukōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
faukō (active imperative second-person singular)
faukōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
faukōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
faukōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
faukō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
faukōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
faukōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
faukōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
faukōs (active dual first-person indicative)
faukōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
faukōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
faukōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
faukōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
faukōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
faukōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
faukōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
faukōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
faukōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
faukōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
faukōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
faukōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
faukōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
faukōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
faukōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
faukōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
faukōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
faukōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
faukōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
faukōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
faukōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
faukōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
faukōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
faukōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
faukōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
faukōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
faukōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
faukōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
faukōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
faukōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
faukōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
faukōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
faukōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
faukōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
faukōndz (active participle present)
faukōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

English: feak (obsolete)

Norwegian: faukast (dialectal)

/ˈɸɑu̯.kɔː.nɑ̃/

From Pre-Germanic *powgnéh₂-, an o-grade variant to *fukkōną (“to strike, assail”).


furhtō

furhtō (nominative singular)
furhtôz (nominative plural)
furhtō (singular vocative)
furhtôz (plural vocative)
furhtǭ (accusative singular)
furhtōz (accusative plural)
furhtōz (genitive singular)
furhtǫ̂ (genitive plural)
furhtōi (dative singular)
furhtōmaz (dative plural)
furhtō (instrumental singular)
furhtōmiz (instrumental plural)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *forhtu, *furhtu
Old Saxon: forhta
Middle Low German: vruchte, vrochte
⇒ Old Saxon: furhtuwerth
Old Dutch: forhta
Middle Dutch: vrucht
Dutch: vrucht (now only in godsvrucht)
Old High German: forhta
Middle High German: vorhte, vorht
German: Furcht, (obsolete) Forcht

From Pre-Germanic *pr̥kteh₂, probably derived from *furhtaz (“fearful”).


fukkōną

fukkō (active first-person indicative singular)
fukkǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
fukkōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
fukkōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
fukkōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
fukkō (active imperative second-person singular)
fukkōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
fukkōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
fukkōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
fukkō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
fukkōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
fukkōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
fukkōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
fukkōs (active dual first-person indicative)
fukkōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
fukkōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
fukkōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
fukkōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
fukkōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
fukkōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
fukkōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
fukkōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
fukkōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
fukkōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
fukkōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
fukkōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
fukkōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
fukkōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
fukkōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
fukkōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
fukkōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
fukkōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
fukkōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
fukkōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
fukkōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
fukkōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
fukkōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
fukkōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
fukkōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
fukkōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
fukkōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
fukkōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
fukkōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
fukkōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
fukkōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
fukkōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
fukkōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
fukkōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
fukkōndz (active participle present)
fukkōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *fokkōn

Old Dutch: *fokkon

Middle Dutch: vocken

Old High German: fohhōn, fochōn

Middle High German: fochen

Old Norse: *fokka

Icelandic: fokka

⇒ Faroese: fokka (“foresail”, noun)

table
From Pre-Germanic *pugnéh₂-. Likely related to Latvian puga (“gust of wind”).


fukkōną

Proto-West Germanic: *fukkōn

Old English: *fuccian
Middle English: *fukken, *fuken
English: fuck (see there for further descendants)
Early Scots: *fuken
Middle Scots: fuk
Scots: fuck, fuk

Old Frisian: *fokkia

West Frisian: fokje, fokke

Old Dutch: *fokkon, *fukkon

Middle Dutch: fokken

Dutch: fokken

Afrikaans: fok

→ West Frisian: fokke

desc

>? Old High German: fitafuhhōn (with uncertain initial component)

Old Norse: *fukka

Norwegian Nynorsk: fukka (dialectal)

Swedish: fokka (Bohuslän)

table
From Pre-Germanic *pugnéh₂-, likely a zero-grade iterative from Proto-Indo-European *pug-, *pewǵ- (“to strike, assail”). Related to Latin pugnus (“fist”), Ancient Greek πυγμή (pugmḗ, “fist”), possibly also Russian пуга́ть (pugátʹ, “to frighten, scare”).


lubāną

lubō (active first-person indicative singular)
lubaisi (active indicative second-person singular)
lubai (active imperative second-person singular)
lubāsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
lubaiþi (active indicative singular third-person)
lubāþau (active imperative singular third-person)
lubāþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
lubōs (active dual first-person indicative)
lubāþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
lubāþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
lubāmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
lubānþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
lubaiþ (active indicative plural second-person)
lubaiþ (active imperative plural second-person)
lubānþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
lubānþi (active indicative plural third-person)
lubānþau (active imperative plural third-person)
lubānþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
lubadǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
lubadēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
lubadēz (active indicative second-person singular)
lubadēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
lubadē (active indicative singular third-person)
lubadēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
lubadēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
lubadēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
lubadēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
lubadēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
lubadēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
lubadēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
lubadēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
lubadēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
lubadēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
lubadēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
lubāndz (active participle present)
lubadaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Gothic: *𐌻𐌿𐌱𐌰𐌽 (*luban), implied by deverbal 𐌻𐌿𐌱𐌰𐌹𐌽𐍃 (lubains)

From *lubō (“love”) + *-āną. Related to Latin libet (“it is pleasing”).


knuttōną

knuttō (active first-person indicative singular)
knuttǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
knuttōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
knuttōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
knuttōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
knuttō (active imperative second-person singular)
knuttōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
knuttōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
knuttōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
knuttō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
knuttōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
knuttōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
knuttōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
knuttōs (active dual first-person indicative)
knuttōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
knuttōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
knuttōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
knuttōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
knuttōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
knuttōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
knuttōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
knuttōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
knuttōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
knuttōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
knuttōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
knuttōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
knuttōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
knuttōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
knuttōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
knuttōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
knuttōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
knuttōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
knuttōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
knuttōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
knuttōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
knuttōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
knuttōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
knuttōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
knuttōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
knuttōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
knuttōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
knuttōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
knuttōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
knuttōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
knuttōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
knuttōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
knuttōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
knuttōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
knuttōndz (active participle present)
knuttōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

German: knotzen (dialectal)

From Pre-Germanic *gn̥tnéh₂-, a zero-grade iterative to *knudaną (“to knead”).


truttōną

truttōną. (canonical)
truttō (active first-person indicative singular)
truttǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
truttōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
truttōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
truttōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
truttō (active imperative second-person singular)
truttōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
truttōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
truttōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
truttō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
truttōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
truttōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
truttōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
truttōs (active dual first-person indicative)
truttōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
truttōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
truttōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
truttōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
truttōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
truttōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
truttōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
truttōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
truttōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
truttōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
truttōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
truttōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
truttōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
truttōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
truttōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
truttōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
truttōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
truttōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
truttōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
truttōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
truttōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
truttōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
truttōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
truttōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
truttōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
truttōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
truttōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
truttōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
truttōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
truttōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
truttōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
truttōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
truttōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
truttōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
truttōndz (active participle present)
truttōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *trottōn
Old English: tryddian (with unexpected umlaut)
Old Frisian: trottia
West Frisian: troaie
Old Dutch: *trotton, *troton
Middle Dutch: trotten, troten, troden, torten, torden
Dutch: trotten, troten, torten, torden
Old High German: trotōn
Middle High German: trotten, troten
→ Medieval Latin: *trottō, *trotō
Old French: troter, trotter
→ Middle English: trotten
English: trot

⇒ Proto-West Germanic: *trettōn
Old English: treddian
Old Frisian: *treddia
West Frisian: tredzje, tredje
Old Saxon: *treddōn
Middle Low German: tredden, trēden
Old Dutch: *treddon, *tretton
Middle Dutch: tredden, tretten
Old High German: trettōn
Middle High German: tretten, treten

Old Norse: *troða

Elfdalian: troðå

From Pre-Germanic *dr̥tnéh₂-, a zero-grade iterative to *trudaną (“to tread”).


abahandijaz

*abahandijaz (ja-stem)

abahandijaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
abahandijai (masculine nominative plural strong)
abahandijō (feminine nominative singular strong)
abahandijôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
abahandiją (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
abahandijō (neuter nominative plural strong)
abahandijanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
abahandijanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
abahandijǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
abahandijōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
abahandiją (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
abahandijō (accusative neuter plural strong)
abahandijas (genitive masculine singular strong)
-īs (genitive masculine singular strong)
abahandijaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
abahandijaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
abahandijaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
abahandijas (genitive neuter singular strong)
-īs (genitive neuter singular strong)
abahandijaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
abahandijammai (dative masculine singular strong)
abahandijaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
abahandijaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
abahandijaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
abahandijammai (dative neuter singular strong)
abahandijaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
abahandijanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
abahandijaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
abahandijaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
abahandijaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
abahandijanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
abahandijaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
abahandijô (masculine nominative singular weak)
abahandijaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
abahandijǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
abahandijōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
abahandijô (neuter nominative singular weak)
abahandijōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
abahandijanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
abahandijanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
abahandijōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
abahandijōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
abahandijô (accusative neuter singular weak)
abahandijōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
abahandīniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
abahandijanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
abahandijōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
abahandijōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
abahandīniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
abahandijanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
abahandīni (dative masculine singular weak)
abahandijammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
abahandijōni (dative feminine singular weak)
abahandijōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
abahandīni (dative neuter singular weak)
abahandijammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
abahandīnē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
abahandijammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
abahandijōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
abahandijōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
abahandīnē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
abahandijammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

Proto-West Germanic: *abahandī

Old English: ofhende

Middle English: *ofhende, *ofhande

English: offhand

Scots: affhand

Old Dutch:

⇒ Middle Dutch: afhendich

Dutch: afhandig

Old High German: *abahendi

⇒ Old High German: *abahendīg

Middle High German: abehendic, abhendic

(German: abhanden)

Old Norse: afhendr

Icelandic: afhendur

>? Old Swedish: afhænda

Swedish: avhända

⇒? Faroese: avhending

From *aba- (“away, off”) + *handuz (“hand”) + *-jaz.


abalagjaną

abalagjō (active first-person indicative singular)
abalagjaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
abalagjai (first-person indicative passive singular)
abalagisi (active indicative second-person singular)
abalagjais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
abalagi (active imperative second-person singular)
abalagjasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
abalagjaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
abalagiþi (active indicative singular third-person)
abalagjai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
abalagjaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
abalagjaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
abalagjaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
abalagjōs (active dual first-person indicative)
abalagjaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
abalagjaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
abalagjaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
abalagjaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
abalagjamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
abalagjaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
abalagjanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
abalagjainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
abalagiþ (active indicative plural second-person)
abalagjaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
abalagiþ (active imperative plural second-person)
abalagjanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
abalagjainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
abalagjanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
abalagjain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
abalagjanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
abalagjanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
abalagjainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
abalagidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
abalagidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
abalagidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
abalagidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
abalagidē (active indicative singular third-person)
abalagidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
abalagidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
abalagidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
abalagidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
abalagidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
abalagidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
abalagidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
abalagidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
abalagidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
abalagidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
abalagidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
abalagjandz (active participle present)
abalagidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *abalaggjan

desctree

Old English: ofleċġan
Middle English: oflæien
English: offlay (possibly re-borrowed or created anew)

Old Frisian: ofledza

Old Saxon: *afleggian

→ Middle High German: afleggen

Old Dutch:

Middle Dutch: aveleggen, afleggen

Dutch: afleggen
Afrikaans: aflê
Negerhollands: lee af
→ Papiamentu: lèg

Old High German: *abaleggen

Middle High German: abelegen

German: ablegen

Luxembourgish: ofleeën

Old Norse: afleggja
Icelandic: afleggja
Norwegian Nynorsk: avleggja
Old Swedish: afläggia
Swedish: avlägga
Danish: aflægge
Norwegian Bokmål: avlegge

Gothic: 𐌰𐍆𐌻𐌰𐌲𐌾𐌰𐌽 (aflagjan)

/ˌɑ.βɑ.ˈlɑɣ.jɑ.nɑ̃/