brutą

brutą (nominative singular)
brutō (nominative plural)
brutą (singular vocative)
brutō (plural vocative)
brutą (accusative singular)
brutō (accusative plural)
brutas (genitive singular)
brutis (genitive singular)
brutǫ̂ (genitive plural)
brutai (dative singular)
brutamaz (dative plural)
brutō (instrumental singular)
brutamiz (instrumental plural)

Proto-West Germanic: *brot

Old English: *brot

Middle English: *brot

>? English: brot (“rag”) (dialectal)

gl

alternatively from Scottish Gaelic <i class="Latn mention" lang="gd">brat</i> (“veil, cloak, mantle”)

>? Scots: brot, brat (“rag, apron”) (alternatively from Scottish Gaelic brat (“veil, cloak, mantle”))

Old Saxon: *brot

desc

>? Middle Low German: brot (“altar-curtain”)

Old High German: broz

Middle High German: broz

German: Bross

⇒ Proto-West Germanic: *gabrot

Old English: ġebrot

Old High German: gibroz

Old Norse: brot

Icelandic: brot

Faroese: brot

Norwegian Nynorsk: brot

From Proto-Indo-European *bʰrewd- (“to cut, break”).

der

that which is broken off (e.g. piece, fragment, etc.)

that which breaks forth (e.g. sprout, bud, etc.)


sprekla-

From Proto-Indo-European *(s)per- (“to strew, spread, sprinkle”).

Proto-West Germanic: *spreklOld English: sprecel

sprëckel nGerman: Spreckel mAlemannic German: Šprägel

spreckeloht

Old High German: sprekkiloht, speckiloht; Middle High German


bisaulijaną

bisaulijō (active first-person indicative singular)
bisaulijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
bisaulijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
bisaulīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
bisaulijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
bisaulī (active imperative second-person singular)
bisaulijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
bisaulijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
bisaulīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
bisaulijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
bisaulijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
bisaulijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
bisaulijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
bisaulijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
bisaulijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
bisaulijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
bisaulijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
bisaulijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
bisaulijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
bisaulijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
bisaulijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
bisaulijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
bisaulīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
bisaulijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
bisaulīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
bisaulijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
bisaulijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
bisaulijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
bisaulijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
bisaulijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
bisaulijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
bisaulijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
bisaulidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
bisaulidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
bisaulidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
bisaulidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
bisaulidē (active indicative singular third-person)
bisaulidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
bisaulidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
bisaulidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
bisaulidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
bisaulidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
bisaulidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
bisaulidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
bisaulidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
bisaulidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
bisaulidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
bisaulidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
bisaulijandz (active participle present)
bisaulidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *bisaulijan

Old English: *besīelan, *besȳlan

gl

influenced in form by Middle English <i class="Latn mention" lang="enm">soil</i>

Middle English: biselen, bisuylen, bisuelen, bysoylen, besoylen (influenced in form by Middle English soil)

English: besoil

Old Saxon: *bisōlian

Middle Low German: besö̂len

German Low German: besölen

Gothic: 𐌱𐌹𐍃𐌰𐌿𐌻𐌾𐌰𐌽 (bisauljan)


saulijaną

saulijō (active first-person indicative singular)
saulijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
saulijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
saulīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
saulijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
saulī (active imperative second-person singular)
saulijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
saulijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
saulīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
saulijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
saulijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
saulijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
saulijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
saulijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
saulijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
saulijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
saulijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
saulijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
saulijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
saulijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
saulijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
saulijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
saulīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
saulijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
saulīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
saulijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
saulijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
saulijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
saulijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
saulijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
saulijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
saulijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
saulidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
saulidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
saulidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
saulidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
saulidē (active indicative singular third-person)
saulidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
saulidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
saulidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
saulidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
saulidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
saulidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
saulidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
saulidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
saulidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
saulidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
saulidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
saulijandz (active participle present)
saulidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *saulijan

Old Saxon: *sōlian

Middle Low German: sö̂len

German Low German: sölen

Old Dutch: *sōlen

Middle Dutch: solen, soelen

Old Norse: *seyla

Norwegian Nynorsk: søyla

Norwegian Bokmål: søle

Old Swedish: söla

Swedish: söla

Danish: søle

Gothic: *𐍃𐌰𐌿𐌻𐌾𐌰𐌽 (*sauljan)

→ Old French: soillier, souillier (alternatively from Proto-West Germanic (i.e. Old Low Frankish) *saulijan)

Middle French: souiller

French: souiller

From *saulijǭ (“filth, manure”) or directly from its antecedent Proto-Indo-European *sowl-, a metathetic alteration of *solw- (“dusky, dirty, grey”).


guttōną

guttō (active first-person indicative singular)
guttǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
guttōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
guttōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
guttōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
guttō (active imperative second-person singular)
guttōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
guttōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
guttōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
guttō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
guttōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
guttōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
guttōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
guttōs (active dual first-person indicative)
guttōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
guttōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
guttōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
guttōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
guttōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
guttōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
guttōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
guttōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
guttōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
guttōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
guttōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
guttōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
guttōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
guttōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
guttōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
guttōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
guttōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
guttōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
guttōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
guttōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
guttōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
guttōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
guttōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
guttōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
guttōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
guttōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
guttōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
guttōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
guttōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
guttōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
guttōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
guttōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
guttōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
guttōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
guttōndz (active participle present)
guttōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *guttōn, *gutōn

Old High German: gozzōn, *gussōn

⇒ Old High German: ubargussōn

Old Norse: gota

Norwegian:

Norwegian Bokmål: gåtte (dialectal)

Norwegian Nynorsk: gote, gota

An iterative verb closely related to the strong verb *geutaną, both ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰewd- (“to pour”).
Kroonen however, reconstructs a pre-form Proto-Indo-European *gut-néh₂-ti, with an incorporated aorist -t ending in the root. He suggests that strong verb was backformed to the iterative.


duppōną

duppō (active first-person indicative singular)
duppǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
duppōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
duppōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
duppōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
duppō (active imperative second-person singular)
duppōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
duppōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
duppōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
duppō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
duppōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
duppōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
duppōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
duppōs (active dual first-person indicative)
duppōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
duppōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
duppōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
duppōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
duppōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
duppōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
duppōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
duppōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
duppōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
duppōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
duppōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
duppōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
duppōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
duppōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
duppōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
duppōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
duppōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
duppōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
duppōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
duppōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
duppōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
duppōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
duppōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
duppōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
duppōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
duppōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
duppōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
duppōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
duppōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
duppōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
duppōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
duppōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
duppōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
duppōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
duppōndz (active participle present)
duppōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *duppōn

Old Dutch: *doppon

Middle Dutch: doppen

Dutch: doppen, dobben (dialectal)

⇒? Dutch: dobberen (or derived from dobber)

Old High German: topfōn

Middle High German: *topfen

German: tupfen, topfen

Old Norse: *duppa, *dubba

Norwegian:

Norwegian Bokmål: duppe

desc

Norwegian Nynorsk: duppe, dubbe, duppa, dubba

Elfdalian: duppa

Swedish: doppa

Danish: duppe

From Pre-Germanic *dʰubʰ-néh₂- from Proto-Indo-European *dʰewbʰ-. An iterative verb related to strong verb *dūbaną (“to dive”). Compare also West Germanic *duppijan.


-drê

Old English: -der

English: -ther


hugōną

hugō (active first-person indicative singular)
hugǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
hugōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
hugōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
hugōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
hugō (active imperative second-person singular)
hugōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
hugōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
hugōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
hugō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
hugōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
hugōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
hugōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
hugōs (active dual first-person indicative)
hugōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
hugōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
hugōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
hugōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
hugōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
hugōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
hugōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
hugōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
hugōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
hugōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
hugōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
hugōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
hugōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
hugōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
hugōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
hugōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
hugōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
hugōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
hugōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
hugōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
hugōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
hugōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
hugōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
hugōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
hugōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
hugōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
hugōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
hugōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
hugōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
hugōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
hugōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
hugōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
hugōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
hugōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
hugōndz (active participle present)
hugōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *hugōn

desctree

Old English: hogian, hugian, hohgian, hohggian
Middle English: hoȝen, howen
English: ho, how

Old Frisian: hugia

Saterland Frisian: hoagje

West Frisian: hûgje

Old Saxon: *hugōn, *hogōn

Middle Low German: hugen, hogen, hōgen

German Low German: hugen

Old Dutch: *hugon, *hogon

desc

Middle Dutch: hogen, hōgen, huegen, heugen

Dutch: heugen

Old High German: *hugōn, *hogōn

Middle High German: hugen, hogen

⇒ Old High German: hogazzen, hogezzen

Old Norse: huga

Icelandic: huga

Faroese: huga


wallōną

wallō (active first-person indicative singular)
wallǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
wallōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
wallōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
wallōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
wallō (active imperative second-person singular)
wallōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
wallōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
wallōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
wallō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
wallōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
wallōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
wallōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
wallōs (active dual first-person indicative)
wallōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
wallōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
wallōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
wallōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
wallōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
wallōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
wallōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
wallōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
wallōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
wallōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
wallōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
wallōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
wallōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
wallōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
wallōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
wallōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
wallōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
wallōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
wallōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
wallōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
wallōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
wallōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
wallōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
wallōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
wallōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
wallōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
wallōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
wallōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
wallōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
wallōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
wallōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
wallōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
wallōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
wallōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
wallōndz (active participle present)
wallōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *wallōn
Old English: weallian
Old Saxon: *wallōn
Middle Low German: wallen, wālen
Old Dutch: *wallon
Middle Dutch: wallen, wālen
Dutch: wallen (obsolete)
Old High German: wallōn
Middle High German: wallen, walen
German: wallen

From Pre-Germanic *wolH-néh₂- from *welH- (“to turn, coil”). An iterative verb related to strong verb *wellaną (“to roll, toss”).


ōþalōną

ōþalō (active first-person indicative singular)
ōþalǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
ōþalōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
ōþalōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
ōþalōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
ōþalō (active imperative second-person singular)
ōþalōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
ōþalōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
ōþalōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
ōþalō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
ōþalōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
ōþalōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
ōþalōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
ōþalōs (active dual first-person indicative)
ōþalōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
ōþalōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
ōþalōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
ōþalōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
ōþalōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
ōþalōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
ōþalōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
ōþalōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
ōþalōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
ōþalōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
ōþalōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
ōþalōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
ōþalōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
ōþalōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
ōþalōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
ōþalōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
ōþalōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
ōþalōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
ōþalōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
ōþalōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
ōþalōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
ōþalōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
ōþalōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
ōþalōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
ōþalōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
ōþalōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
ōþalōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
ōþalōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
ōþalōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
ōþalōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
ōþalōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
ōþalōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
ōþalōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
ōþalōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
ōþalōndz (active participle present)
ōþalōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *ōþilōn

Old Frisian: ēthelia

Old Norse: ǫðlask, óðlask
Icelandic: öðlast
Norwegian: odla, odle
Swedish: odla
→ Danish: odle (obsolete)
→ Old English: edlēan
Middle English: addlen, adlen
English: addle

/ˈɔː.θɑ.lɔː.nɑ̃/


wōmaz

wōmaz (nominative singular)
wōmōz (nominative plural)
wōmōs (nominative plural)
wōm (singular vocative)
wōmōz (plural vocative)
wōmōs (plural vocative)
wōmą (accusative singular)
wōmanz (accusative plural)
wōmas (genitive singular)
wōmis (genitive singular)
wōmǫ̂ (genitive plural)
wōmai (dative singular)
wōmamaz (dative plural)
wōmō (instrumental singular)
wōmamiz (instrumental plural)

Old English: wōm

Old Norse: ómr

Icelandic: ómur

Norwegian Bokmål: om

Norwegian Nynorsk: om

From earlier *wōpmaz, from *wōpijaną + *-maz, second part from Proto-Indo-European *-mos


raką

raką (nominative singular)
rakō (nominative plural)
raką (singular vocative)
rakō (plural vocative)
raką (accusative singular)
rakō (accusative plural)
rakas (genitive singular)
rakis (genitive singular)
rakǫ̂ (genitive plural)
rakai (dative singular)
rakamaz (dative plural)
rakō (instrumental singular)
rakamiz (instrumental plural)

Proto-West Germanic: *rak

>? Old English: *ræc

gl

also from Old English <i class="Latn mention" lang="ang">racca</i> (“parrel”)

Middle English: rak, rack (also from Old English racca (“parrel”))

Old Saxon: *rak

Middle Low German: rak (“parrel”)

Old Dutch: *rak

Middle Dutch: *rak

Dutch: rak, rek

gl

alternatively from Old Norse <i class="Latn mention" lang="non">rakki</i> (“cord to tie the yard to the mast”)

→ French: raque (alternatively from Old Norse rakki (“cord to tie the yard to the mast”))

⇒ Proto-West Germanic: *rakul

Old English: *racul, *racel

Middle English: rakyl

English: rackle

Scots: rakkill, rackle

Old Frisian: rakels

desc

→ French: racle (“iron ring or hammer of a door”)

gl

alternatively allied with Proto-Germanic <i class="Latn mention" lang="gem-pro">*rakjaną</i>

>? Old Norse: rak (“wick”) (alternatively allied with Proto-Germanic *rakjaną)

Faroese: rak

Icelandic: rak

From Proto-Indo-European *reǵ- (“to bind”).


kalbōną

kalbō (active first-person indicative singular)
kalbǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
kalbōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
kalbōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
kalbōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
kalbō (active imperative second-person singular)
kalbōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
kalbōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
kalbōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
kalbō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
kalbōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
kalbōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
kalbōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
kalbōs (active dual first-person indicative)
kalbōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
kalbōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
kalbōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
kalbōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
kalbōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
kalbōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
kalbōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
kalbōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
kalbōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
kalbōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
kalbōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
kalbōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
kalbōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
kalbōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
kalbōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
kalbōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
kalbōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
kalbōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
kalbōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
kalbōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
kalbōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
kalbōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
kalbōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
kalbōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
kalbōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
kalbōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
kalbōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
kalbōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
kalbōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
kalbōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
kalbōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
kalbōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
kalbōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
kalbōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
kalbōndz (active participle present)
kalbōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *kalbōn
Old English: ċealfian
Middle English: calven
English: calve
Scots: cauve, cauf, cawf, caulf
Old Frisian: *kālia
Saterland Frisian: koolvje
West Frisian: kealje
Old Saxon: *kalvōn
Middle Low German: kalven
German Low German: kalven
Old Dutch: *calvon
Middle Dutch: calven
Dutch: kalven
Old High German: *kalbōn
Middle High German: kalben
German: kalben

Old Norse: *kalfa

Icelandic: kálfa

Faroese: kálva

Norwegian Nynorsk: kalva, kalve

Norwegian Bokmål: kalve

Swedish: kalva

Old Norse: kelfaIcelandic: kelfaNorwegian Nynorsk: kjelva


uberstīganą

uberstīgō (active first-person indicative singular)
uberstīgaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
uberstīgai (first-person indicative passive singular)
ubirstīgizi (active indicative second-person singular)
uberstīgaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
uberstīg (active imperative second-person singular)
uberstīgazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
uberstīgaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
ubirstīgidi (active indicative singular third-person)
uberstīgai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
uberstīgadau (active imperative singular third-person)
uberstīgadai (indicative passive singular third-person)
uberstīgaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
uberstīgōz (active dual first-person indicative)
uberstīgaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
uberstīgadiz (active dual indicative second-person)
uberstīgaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
uberstīgadiz (active dual imperative second-person)
uberstīgamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
uberstīgaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
uberstīgandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
uberstīgaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
ubirstīgid (active indicative plural second-person)
uberstīgaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
ubirstīgid (active imperative plural second-person)
uberstīgandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
uberstīgaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
uberstīgandi (active indicative plural third-person)
uberstīgain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
uberstīgandau (active imperative plural third-person)
uberstīgandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
uberstīgaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
uberstaig (active first-person indicative singular)
uberstigį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
uberstaiht (active indicative second-person singular)
uberstigīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
uberstaig (active indicative singular third-person)
uberstigī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
uberstigū (active dual first-person indicative)
uberstigīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
uberstigudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
uberstigīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
uberstigum (active first-person indicative plural)
uberstigīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
uberstigud (active indicative plural second-person)
uberstigīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
uberstigun (active indicative plural third-person)
uberstigīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
uberstīgandz (active participle present)
uberstiganaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *obarstīgan, *ubirstīgan

Old English: oferstīgan

Old Saxon: *ovarstīgan

desc

Middle Low German: ȫverstīgen, ōverstīgen

Old Dutch: *overstīgan

Middle Dutch: overstigen

Dutch: overstijgen

Old High German: ubarstīgan

Middle High German: überstīgen, oberstīgen

German: übersteigen

Old Norse: *yfirstíga (implied by yfirstiginn)

⇒ Old Norse: yfirstígari ("conquerer")

Gothic: 𐌿𐍆𐌰𐍂𐍃𐍄𐌴𐌹𐌲𐌰𐌽 (ufarsteigan)


uberlīþaną

uberlīþō (active first-person indicative singular)
uberlīþaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
uberlīþai (first-person indicative passive singular)
ubirlīþizi (active indicative second-person singular)
uberlīþaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
uberlīþ (active imperative second-person singular)
uberlīþazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
uberlīþaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
ubirlīþidi (active indicative singular third-person)
uberlīþai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
uberlīþadau (active imperative singular third-person)
uberlīþadai (indicative passive singular third-person)
uberlīþaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
uberlīþōz (active dual first-person indicative)
uberlīþaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
uberlīþadiz (active dual indicative second-person)
uberlīþaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
uberlīþadiz (active dual imperative second-person)
uberlīþamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
uberlīþaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
uberlīþandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
uberlīþaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
ubirlīþid (active indicative plural second-person)
uberlīþaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
ubirlīþid (active imperative plural second-person)
uberlīþandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
uberlīþaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
uberlīþandi (active indicative plural third-person)
uberlīþain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
uberlīþandau (active imperative plural third-person)
uberlīþandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
uberlīþaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
uberlaiþ (active first-person indicative singular)
uberlidį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
uberlaist (active indicative second-person singular)
uberlidīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
uberlaiþ (active indicative singular third-person)
uberlidī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
uberlidū (active dual first-person indicative)
uberlidīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
uberlidudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
uberlidīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
uberlidum (active first-person indicative plural)
uberlidīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
uberlidud (active indicative plural second-person)
uberlidīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
uberlidun (active indicative plural third-person)
uberlidīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
uberlīþandz (active participle present)
uberlidanaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *obarlīþan, *ubirlīþan

Old English: oferlīþan

Old Saxon: *ovarlīþan

Middle Low German: ȫverlīden, ōverlīden

Old Dutch: overlīthan
Middle Dutch: overliden
Dutch: overlijden
Afrikaans: oorly

Old High German: *ubarlīdan

Middle High German: überlīden

German: überleiden (obsolete)

Gothic: 𐌿𐍆𐌰𐍂𐌻𐌴𐌹𐌸𐌰𐌽 (ufarleiþan)


ubergeutaną

ubergeutō (active first-person indicative singular)
ubergeutaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
ubergeutai (first-person indicative passive singular)
ubirgiutizi (active indicative second-person singular)
ubergeutaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
ubergeut (active imperative second-person singular)
ubergeutazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
ubergeutaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
ubirgiutidi (active indicative singular third-person)
ubergeutai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
ubergeutadau (active imperative singular third-person)
ubergeutadai (indicative passive singular third-person)
ubergeutaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
ubergeutōz (active dual first-person indicative)
ubergeutaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
ubergeutadiz (active dual indicative second-person)
ubergeutaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
ubergeutadiz (active dual imperative second-person)
ubergeutamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
ubergeutaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
ubergeutandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
ubergeutaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
ubirgiutid (active indicative plural second-person)
ubergeutaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
ubirgiutid (active imperative plural second-person)
ubergeutandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
ubergeutaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
ubergeutandi (active indicative plural third-person)
ubergeutain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
ubergeutandau (active imperative plural third-person)
ubergeutandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
ubergeutaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
ubergaut (active first-person indicative singular)
ubergitį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
ubergaust (active indicative second-person singular)
ubergitīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
ubergaut (active indicative singular third-person)
ubergitī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
ubergitū (active dual first-person indicative)
ubergitīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
ubergitudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
ubergitīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
ubergitum (active first-person indicative plural)
ubergitīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
ubergitud (active indicative plural second-person)
ubergitīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
ubergitun (active indicative plural third-person)
ubergitīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
ubergeutandz (active participle present)
ubergitanaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *obargeutan, *ubirgeutan

Old English: oferġēotan

Middle English: overyeten

Old Saxon: *ovargiotan

Middle Low German: ȫvergēten, ōvergēten

Old Dutch: *overgietan

Middle Dutch: overgieten

Dutch: overgieten

Old High German: *ubargiozan

Middle High German: übergiezen

German: übergießen

Gothic: 𐌿𐍆𐌰𐍂𐌲𐌹𐌿𐍄𐌰𐌽 (ufargiutan)


feþrōhamô

feþrōhamô (nominative singular)
feþrōhamaniz (nominative plural)
feþrōhamô (singular vocative)
feþrōhamaniz (plural vocative)
feþrōhamanų (accusative singular)
feþrōhamanunz (accusative plural)
feþrōhaminiz (genitive singular)
feþrōhamanǫ̂ (genitive plural)
feþrōhamini (dative singular)
feþrōhamammaz (dative plural)
feþrōhaminē (instrumental singular)
feþrōhamammiz (instrumental plural)

Old Saxon: feðarhamo

Old Norse: fjaðrhamr

Icelandic: fjaðurhamur

(mythology) feather-cloak, used for flying


uberwahsijaną

uberwahsijō (active first-person indicative singular)
uberwahsijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
uberwahsijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
uberwahsīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
uberwahsijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
uberwahsī (active imperative second-person singular)
uberwahsijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
uberwahsijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
uberwahsīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
uberwahsijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
uberwahsijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
uberwahsijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
uberwahsijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
uberwahsijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
uberwahsijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
uberwahsijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
uberwahsijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
uberwahsijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
uberwahsijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
uberwahsijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
uberwahsijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
uberwahsijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
uberwahsīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
uberwahsijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
uberwahsīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
uberwahsijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
uberwahsijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
uberwahsijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
uberwahsijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
uberwahsijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
uberwahsijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
uberwahsijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
uberwōhs (active first-person indicative singular)
uberwōhsį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
uberwōhst (active indicative second-person singular)
uberwōhsīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
uberwōhs (active indicative singular third-person)
uberwōhsī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
uberwōhsū (active dual first-person indicative)
uberwōhsīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
uberwōhsudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
uberwōhsīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
uberwōhsum (active first-person indicative plural)
uberwōhsīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
uberwōhsud (active indicative plural second-person)
uberwōhsīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
uberwōhsun (active indicative plural third-person)
uberwōhsīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
uberwahsijandz (active participle present)
uberwahsanaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *obarwahsan, *ubirwahsan

Old English: oferweaxan

Middle English: overwaxen

English: overwax (obsolete)

Old Saxon: *ovarwahsan

Middle Low German: *ȫverwassen

⇒ Middle Low German: ȫverwassinge

Old Dutch: *overwassan

Middle Dutch: overwassen

Dutch: overwassen (obsolete)

Old High German: ubarwahsan

Middle High German: überwahsen

German: überwachsen

Gothic: 𐌿𐍆𐌰𐍂𐍅𐌰𐌷𐍃𐌾𐌰𐌽 (ufarwahsjan)


uberlagjaną

uberlagjō (active first-person indicative singular)
uberlagjaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
uberlagjai (first-person indicative passive singular)
uberlagisi (active indicative second-person singular)
uberlagjais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
uberlagi (active imperative second-person singular)
uberlagjasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
uberlagjaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
uberlagiþi (active indicative singular third-person)
uberlagjai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
uberlagjaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
uberlagjaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
uberlagjaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
uberlagjōs (active dual first-person indicative)
uberlagjaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
uberlagjaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
uberlagjaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
uberlagjaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
uberlagjamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
uberlagjaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
uberlagjanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
uberlagjainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
uberlagiþ (active indicative plural second-person)
uberlagjaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
uberlagiþ (active imperative plural second-person)
uberlagjanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
uberlagjainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
uberlagjanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
uberlagjain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
uberlagjanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
uberlagjanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
uberlagjainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
uberlagidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
uberlagidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
uberlagidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
uberlagidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
uberlagidē (active indicative singular third-person)
uberlagidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
uberlagidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
uberlagidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
uberlagidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
uberlagidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
uberlagidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
uberlagidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
uberlagidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
uberlagidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
uberlagidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
uberlagidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
uberlagjandz (active participle present)
uberlagidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *obarlaggjan, *ubirlaggjan

Old English: oferlecgan
Middle English: overlayen
English: overlay

Old Frisian: overledza, ūrledza
Saterland Frisian: úurlääse, uurläze
West Frisian: oerlizze

Old Saxon: *ovarleggian

desc

Middle Low German: ȫverleggen, ȫverlēgen

Old Dutch: *overleggen

Middle Dutch: overleggen

Dutch: overleggen

Old High German: ubarleggen

Middle High German: überlegen

Bavarian: iwalegn

German: überlegen

Gothic: 𐌿𐍆𐌰𐍂𐌻𐌰𐌲𐌾𐌰𐌽 (ufarlagjan)


frawrōgijaną

frawrōgijō (active first-person indicative singular)
frawrōgijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
frawrōgijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
frawrōgīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
frawrōgijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
frawrōgī (active imperative second-person singular)
frawrōgijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
frawrōgijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
frawrōgīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
frawrōgijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
frawrōgijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
frawrōgijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
frawrōgijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
frawrōgijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
frawrōgijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
frawrōgijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
frawrōgijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
frawrōgijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
frawrōgijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
frawrōgijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
frawrōgijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
frawrōgijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
frawrōgīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
frawrōgijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
frawrōgīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
frawrōgijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
frawrōgijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
frawrōgijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
frawrōgijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
frawrōgijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
frawrōgijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
frawrōgijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
frawrōgidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
frawrōgidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
frawrōgidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
frawrōgidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
frawrōgidē (active indicative singular third-person)
frawrōgidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
frawrōgidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
frawrōgidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
frawrōgidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
frawrōgidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
frawrōgidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
frawrōgidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
frawrōgidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
frawrōgidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
frawrōgidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
frawrōgidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
frawrōgijandz (active participle present)
frawrōgidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *frawrōgijan
Old English: forwrēgan
Middle English: forwreyen
Old Saxon: *farwrōgian
Middle Low German: vörwrȫgen, vorwrȫgen
Old High German: firruogen
Middle High German: verrüegen

Gothic: 𐍆𐍂𐌰𐍅𐍂𐍉𐌷𐌾𐌰𐌽 (frawrōhjan)


frawrekaną

frawrekō (active first-person indicative singular)
frawrekaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
frawrekai (first-person indicative passive singular)
frawrikizi (active indicative second-person singular)
frawrekaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
frawrek (active imperative second-person singular)
frawrekazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
frawrekaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
frawrikidi (active indicative singular third-person)
frawrekai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
frawrekadau (active imperative singular third-person)
frawrekadai (indicative passive singular third-person)
frawrekaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
frawrekōz (active dual first-person indicative)
frawrekaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
frawrekadiz (active dual indicative second-person)
frawrekaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
frawrekadiz (active dual imperative second-person)
frawrekamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
frawrekaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
frawrekandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
frawrekaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
frawrikid (active indicative plural second-person)
frawrekaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
frawrikid (active imperative plural second-person)
frawrekandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
frawrekaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
frawrekandi (active indicative plural third-person)
frawrekain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
frawrekandau (active imperative plural third-person)
frawrekandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
frawrekaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
frawrak (active first-person indicative singular)
frawrēkį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
frawraht (active indicative second-person singular)
frawrēkīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
frawrak (active indicative singular third-person)
frawrēkī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
frawrēkū (active dual first-person indicative)
frawrēkīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
frawrēkudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
frawrēkīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
frawrēkum (active first-person indicative plural)
frawrēkīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
frawrēkud (active indicative plural second-person)
frawrēkīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
frawrēkun (active indicative plural third-person)
frawrēkīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
frawrekandz (active participle present)
frawrekanaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *frawrekan
Old English: forwrecan
Old Saxon: *farwrekan
Middle Low German: vörwrēken, vorwrēken
Old Dutch: *farwrekan
Middle Dutch: verwrēken
Dutch: verwreken
Old High German: *firrehhan
Middle High German: verrechen

Gothic: 𐍆𐍂𐌰𐍅𐍂𐌹𐌺𐌰𐌽 (frawrikan)


frawerpaną

frawerpō (active first-person indicative singular)
frawerpaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
frawerpai (first-person indicative passive singular)
frawirpizi (active indicative second-person singular)
frawerpaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
frawerp (active imperative second-person singular)
frawerpazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
frawerpaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
frawirpidi (active indicative singular third-person)
frawerpai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
frawerpadau (active imperative singular third-person)
frawerpadai (indicative passive singular third-person)
frawerpaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
frawerpōz (active dual first-person indicative)
frawerpaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
frawerpadiz (active dual indicative second-person)
frawerpaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
frawerpadiz (active dual imperative second-person)
frawerpamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
frawerpaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
frawerpandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
frawerpaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
frawirpid (active indicative plural second-person)
frawerpaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
frawirpid (active imperative plural second-person)
frawerpandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
frawerpaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
frawerpandi (active indicative plural third-person)
frawerpain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
frawerpandau (active imperative plural third-person)
frawerpandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
frawerpaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
frawarp (active first-person indicative singular)
frawurpį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
frawarft (active indicative second-person singular)
frawurpīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
frawarp (active indicative singular third-person)
frawurpī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
frawurpū (active dual first-person indicative)
frawurpīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
frawurpudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
frawurpīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
frawurpum (active first-person indicative plural)
frawurpīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
frawurpud (active indicative plural second-person)
frawurpīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
frawurpun (active indicative plural third-person)
frawurpīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
frawerpandz (active participle present)
frawurpanaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *frawerpan
Old English: forweorpan
Middle English: forwerpen
English: forwerp
Old Saxon: farwerpan
Middle Low German: vörwerpen, vorwerpen
Old Dutch: farwerpan
Middle Dutch: verwerpen
Dutch: verwerpen
Old High German: firwerfan
Middle High German: verwerfen
German: verwerfen

Gothic: 𐍆𐍂𐌰𐍅𐌰𐌹𐍂𐍀𐌰𐌽 (frawairpan)


fratrudaną

fratrudō (active first-person indicative singular)
fratrudaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
fratrudai (first-person indicative passive singular)
fratrudizi (active indicative second-person singular)
fratrudaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
fratrud (active imperative second-person singular)
fratrudazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
fratrudaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
fratrudidi (active indicative singular third-person)
fratrudai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
fratrudadau (active imperative singular third-person)
fratrudadai (indicative passive singular third-person)
fratrudaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
fratrudōz (active dual first-person indicative)
fratrudaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
fratrudadiz (active dual indicative second-person)
fratrudaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
fratrudadiz (active dual imperative second-person)
fratrudamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
fratrudaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
fratrudandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
fratrudaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
fratrudid (active indicative plural second-person)
fratrudaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
fratrudid (active imperative plural second-person)
fratrudandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
fratrudaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
fratrudandi (active indicative plural third-person)
fratrudain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
fratrudandau (active imperative plural third-person)
fratrudandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
fratrudaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
fratrad (active first-person indicative singular)
fratrēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
fratrast (active indicative second-person singular)
fratrēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
fratrad (active indicative singular third-person)
fratrēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
fratrēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
fratrēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
fratrēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
fratrēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
fratrēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
fratrēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
fratrēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
fratrēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
fratrēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
fratrēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
fratrudandz (active participle present)
fratrudanaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *fratredan
Old English: fortredan
Middle English: fortreden
English: fortread
Old Frisian: *fortreda
West Frisian: fertrêdzje
Old Saxon: *fartredan
Middle Low German: vörtreden, vortreden
Old Dutch: *fartredan
Middle Dutch: vertreden
Dutch: vertreden
Old High German: firtretan
Middle High German: vertreten
German: vertreten

Gothic: 𐍆𐍂𐌰𐍄𐍂𐌿𐌳𐌰𐌽 (fratrudan)


swaimōną

swaimō (active first-person indicative singular)
swaimǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
swaimōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
swaimōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
swaimōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
swaimō (active imperative second-person singular)
swaimōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
swaimōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
swaimōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
swaimō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
swaimōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
swaimōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
swaimōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
swaimōs (active dual first-person indicative)
swaimōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
swaimōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
swaimōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
swaimōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
swaimōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
swaimōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
swaimōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
swaimōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
swaimōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
swaimōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
swaimōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
swaimōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
swaimōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
swaimōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
swaimōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
swaimōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
swaimōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
swaimōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
swaimōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
swaimōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
swaimōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
swaimōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
swaimōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
swaimōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
swaimōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
swaimōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
swaimōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
swaimōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
swaimōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
swaimōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
swaimōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
swaimōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
swaimōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
swaimōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
swaimōndz (active participle present)
swaimōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *swaimōn
>? Old English: swāmian (to get dark)
Old Saxon: *swēmōn
Middle Low German: swêmen, sweimen
Old Dutch: *sweimon, *swēmon
Middle Dutch: sweimen, *swêmen
Dutch: zwemen
Old High German: *sweimōn
Middle High German: sweimen

Old Norse: sveima

Icelandic: sveima

Norwegian Nynorsk: sveime, sveima

Likely related to *swīmaną (“to sway, swoon”).


rammijaną

rammijō (active first-person indicative singular)
rammijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
rammijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
rammīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
rammijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
rammī (active imperative second-person singular)
rammijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
rammijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
rammīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
rammijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
rammijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
rammijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
rammijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
rammijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
rammijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
rammijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
rammijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
rammijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
rammijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
rammijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
rammijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
rammijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
rammīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
rammijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
rammīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
rammijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
rammijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
rammijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
rammijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
rammijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
rammijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
rammijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
rammidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
rammidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
rammidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
rammidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
rammidē (active indicative singular third-person)
rammidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
rammidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
rammidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
rammidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
rammidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
rammidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
rammidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
rammidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
rammidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
rammidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
rammidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
rammijandz (active participle present)
rammidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *rammijan

⇒? Old English: remian

gl

alternatively allied to Proto-West Germanic <i class="Latn mention" lang="gmw-pro">*hramu</i>

⇒? Old Frisian: ramia, remia (alternatively allied to Proto-West Germanic *hramu)

Old Norse: remma

Icelandic: remma


managafalþōną

managafalþō (active first-person indicative singular)
managafalþǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
managafalþōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
managafalþōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
managafalþōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
managafalþō (active imperative second-person singular)
managafalþōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
managafalþōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
managafalþōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
managafalþō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
managafalþōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
managafalþōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
managafalþōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
managafalþōs (active dual first-person indicative)
managafalþōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
managafalþōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
managafalþōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
managafalþōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
managafalþōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
managafalþōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
managafalþōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
managafalþōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
managafalþōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
managafalþōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
managafalþōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
managafalþōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
managafalþōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
managafalþōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
managafalþōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
managafalþōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
managafalþōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
managafalþōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
managafalþōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
managafalþōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
managafalþōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
managafalþōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
managafalþōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
managafalþōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
managafalþōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
managafalþōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
managafalþōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
managafalþōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
managafalþōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
managafalþōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
managafalþōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
managafalþōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
managafalþōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
managafalþōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
managafalþōndz (active participle present)
managafalþōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *managafaldōn
Old English: manigfealdian
Middle English: manifolden
English: manifold
Old Frisian: monichfaldia, manichfaldia
Old Saxon: managfaldōn
Middle Low German: mannichvōlden
Old Dutch: manigfaldon
Middle Dutch: menichvouden
Old High German: managfaltōn
Middle High German: manicvalten, manecvalten, manicfalten

Old Norse: margfalda

Icelandic: margfalda

Norwegian Nynorsk: mangfalde, mangfalda

Swedish: mångfalda

/ˈmɑ.nɑ.ɣɑ.ˌɸɑl.θɔː.nɑ̃/

From *managafalþaz (“various, diverse, manifold”) + *-ōną.


þramuz

þramuz (nominative singular)
þramiwiz (nominative plural)
þramu (singular vocative)
þramiwiz (plural vocative)
þramų (accusative singular)
þramunz (accusative plural)
þramauz (genitive singular)
þramiwǫ̂ (genitive plural)
þramiwi (dative singular)
þramumaz (dative plural)
þramū (instrumental singular)
þramumiz (instrumental plural)

desc

Proto-West Germanic: *þramu, *þremu, *þrumu

Old Saxon: *thrum, *thrumm

⇒? Old Saxon: heruthrum, heruthrumm

Old Saxon: thrim

⇒ Proto-West Germanic: *þramil

Old High German: dremil

Middle High German: drëmel

German: Dremel

Old Norse: þrǫmr

Icelandic: þrömur

From Proto-Indo-European *terh₂- (“to penetrate, cross over, overcome, overtake”).


hramō

hramō (nominative singular)
hramôz (nominative plural)
hramō (singular vocative)
hramôz (plural vocative)
hramǭ (accusative singular)
hramōz (accusative plural)
hramōz (genitive singular)
hramǫ̂ (genitive plural)
hramōi (dative singular)
hramōmaz (dative plural)
hramō (instrumental singular)
hramōmiz (instrumental plural)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *hramu
Old Frisian: *hrame, *hrama
Saterland Frisian: Roome
West Frisian: raam
⇒ Old Frisian: hramkorf, raemkorf (“basket-shaped fishing net”) (raemkorf perhaps influenced by Middle Dutch raem)
Old Saxon: hrama, rama f
Middle Low German: rāme, rām, rāmen m
German Low German: Raam, Rahm, Räm n, Rahmen, Rame, Ramen m
Plautdietsch: Rämen m
→ Danish: ramme
→ Estonian: raam
→ Faroese: ramma
→ Icelandic: ramma
→ Norwegian Bokmål: ramme
→ Norwegian Nynorsk: ramme
→ Old Swedish: rama
Swedish: ram
→ Scanian: ramme
Old Dutch: *rama
Middle Dutch: rāme, raem, raam m or f
Dutch: raam, ramen
→ Old French: raime
Middle French: ranme
French: rame
⇒ Middle Dutch: geraemte, geremte
Dutch: geraamte
Afrikaans: geraamte
→ West Frisian: ramt, raamt
→ German: Geraamte, Geraamt (dialectal)
Limburgish: geraems, jerems
Old High German: rama, ram m or f
> Middle High German: rame, ram (inherited)
Alemannic German: Ramme
German: Rahmen m, Ramen, Rahme, Rame (obsolete)
→ Czech: rám
→ Romanian: ramă
→ Russian: рама (rama)
Luxembourgish: Rumm
Vilamovian: raom
→ Old Polish: rama, ram
Polish: rama
→ Belarusian: ра́ма (ráma)
→ Kashubian: rama
→ Russian: ра́ма (ráma)
→ Azerbaijani: rama
→ Ingush: рама (rama)
→ Yakut: араама (araama)
→ Ukrainian: ра́ма (ráma)
Silesian: rama, rōma
>? Vulgar Latin: *frama
Old French: frame
→? Middle English: frame
English: frame
⇒ Middle English: framen (“to frame (a building)”)
English: frame

Uncertain. Possibly from Proto-Indo-European *(s)krem-, which appears to be a derivative of *(s)ker- (“to cut”), and cognate with Proto-Slavic *krōmà (“edge, boundary; slice”). An alternative theory links the root to Proto-Indo-European *ḱremh₂- (“to hang”), whence Ancient Greek κρεμάννῡμῐ (kremánnūmi, “to hang up”) (though Beekes is skeptical of this comparison).

cog

→? Latin: framea→ English: framea→ French: framée→ Italian: framea


kelukô

kelukô (nominative singular)
kelukaniz (nominative plural)
kelukô (singular vocative)
kelukaniz (plural vocative)
kelukanų (accusative singular)
kelukanunz (accusative plural)
kelukiniz (genitive singular)
kelukanǫ̂ (genitive plural)
kelukini (dative singular)
kelukammaz (dative plural)
kelukinē (instrumental singular)
kelukammiz (instrumental plural)

gl

< <i class="Latn mention" lang="gem-pro">*kelukaz</i>

Proto-West Germanic: *keluk, *kelk (< *kelukaz)

desc

⇒ English: (dialectal) kelk, keck (“to belch, retch”, verb)

Old High German: keluh, kelah, kelh

Middle High German: kelch

Bavarian: Kelch, Kölch, Kööch

Old Norse: *kjalkr (< *kelukaz)

>? Swedish: (dialectal) kälk (“pith”)

Old Norse: kjalki

Icelandic: kjalki

Faroese: kjalki

From *kelaz/*kelǭ + *-(u)kô (diminutive suffix).


kulukaz

kulukaz (nominative singular)
kulukōz (nominative plural)
kulukōs (nominative plural)
kuluk (singular vocative)
kulukōz (plural vocative)
kulukōs (plural vocative)
kuluką (accusative singular)
kulukanz (accusative plural)
kulukas (genitive singular)
kulukis (genitive singular)
kulukǫ̂ (genitive plural)
kulukai (dative singular)
kulukamaz (dative plural)
kulukō (instrumental singular)
kulukamiz (instrumental plural)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *kolk, *koluk
Old English: *colc
>? Middle English: colk
>? English: coke
⇒? Middle English: colkenen (“to gasp, gulp”)
>? Scots: cowk (“to retch, vomit”)
Old Frisian: kolk
Saterland Frisian: Kolk
West Frisian: kolk
Old Saxon: *kolk
Middle Low German: kolk, kulk
German Low German: Kolk
→ Middle High German: kolc
German: Kolk
⇒ German: kolken (“to gulp”), (dialectal) kölken, kolksen (“to vomit”)
→⇒ Danish: kulke (“to swallow, gulp”)
Old Dutch: *kolk
Middle Dutch: colc, culc, colck
Dutch: kolk
→ English: kolk
⇒ Dutch: kolken (“to belch”)

From a base derived from Proto-Indo-European *gel-, *gʷel- (“to devour; gullet”) + *-ukaz (diminutive suffix).


-ukô

gem-decl-noun-table

*-ukô (an-stem)

-ukô (nominative singular)
-ukaniz (nominative plural)
-ukô (singular vocative)
-ukaniz (plural vocative)
-ukanų (accusative singular)
-ukanunz (accusative plural)
-ukiniz (genitive singular)
-ukanǫ̂ (genitive plural)
-ukini (dative singular)
-ukammaz (dative plural)
-ukinē (instrumental singular)
-ukammiz (instrumental plural)

Proto-West Germanic: *-ukō

Old English: -ca

Old Saxon: *-ko

Middle Low German: -ke

gl

Old Dutch: *-uko, *-iko (attested only in the feminine -uka, -ika)

Old High German: -ko

Middle High German: -ke

Old Norse: -ki


brantaz

brantaz (nominative singular)
brantōz (nominative plural)
brantōs (nominative plural)
brant (singular vocative)
brantōz (plural vocative)
brantōs (plural vocative)
brantą (accusative singular)
brantanz (accusative plural)
brantas (genitive singular)
brantis (genitive singular)
brantǫ̂ (genitive plural)
brantai (dative singular)
brantamaz (dative plural)
brantō (instrumental singular)
brantamiz (instrumental plural)

Proto-West Germanic: *brant

desctree

Old English: brant, bront
Middle English: brant, brent
English: brant
Scots: brent

Old Norse: *brantr, brattr

Icelandic: brattur

Faroese: brattur

Norwegian Nynorsk: bratt

Old Swedish: branter, *bratter

Swedish: brant, (dialectal) bratt

Old Danish: (dialectal) brant

Danish: brat

Norwegian Bokmål: bratt

⇒ Old Norse: brant (“precipice”)

From Proto-Indo-European *bʰren- (“to protrude”).


baitīslą

baitīslą (nominative singular)
baitīslō (nominative plural)
baitīslą (singular vocative)
baitīslō (plural vocative)
baitīslą (accusative singular)
baitīslō (accusative plural)
baitīslas (genitive singular)
baitīslis (genitive singular)
baitīslǫ̂ (genitive plural)
baitīslai (dative singular)
baitīslamaz (dative plural)
baitīslō (instrumental singular)
baitīslamiz (instrumental plural)

desc

Proto-West Germanic: *baitīsl, *baitisl, *baitīl

Old English: *bǣtel

⇒ Old English: ġebǣtel, ġebǣte

desctree

Old Norse: beizl, beisl
Icelandic: beisl, beisli
Norwegian Nynorsk: beisel, beksel
Norwegian Bokmål: bissel
Danish: bidsel
Old Swedish: bezl, besl
Swedish: betsel


skelfō

skelfō (nominative singular)
skelfôz (nominative plural)
skelfō (singular vocative)
skelfôz (plural vocative)
skelfǭ (accusative singular)
skelfōz (accusative plural)
skelfōz (genitive singular)
skelfǫ̂ (genitive plural)
skelfōi (dative singular)
skelfōmaz (dative plural)
skelfō (instrumental singular)
skelfōmiz (instrumental plural)

desc

Proto-West Germanic: *skelfu f, *skelf m

Old English: sċielf m

Old Frisian: *skelfe f, *skelf m

West Frisian: skelf m or f

Old Saxon: *skelfa f, *skelf m or n

Middle Low German: schelf n

German Low German: Schelf f

Old Dutch: *skelfa f, *skelf m

Middle Dutch: scelf, scelve m or f

Dutch: schelf f

⇒ Proto-West Germanic: *skilfijā

desctree

Old English: sċielfe, sċylfe, sċilfe
Middle English: schelfe, shelf
English: shelf
Scots: schelf, shelf, skelf (skelf through confluence with Old Norse skjalf)

Old Norse: *skjǫlf, *skjálf

Icelandic: skjölf (“craggy ledge”)

desc

Norwegian: (in placenames) skjalf, skjelv, skjev

Swedish: (in placenames) skälv, skölv, skjalf, skälf, skiälf

⇒ Old Norse: Hliðskjǫlf

From Proto-Indo-European *(s)kel(H)-p-, from *(s)kelH- (“to cut, split, divide”).

flat surface (e.g. floor, deck, shelf, ledge, etc.)


stallōną

stallō (active first-person indicative singular)
stallǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
stallōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
stallōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
stallōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
stallō (active imperative second-person singular)
stallōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
stallōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
stallōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
stallō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
stallōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
stallōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
stallōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
stallōs (active dual first-person indicative)
stallōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
stallōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
stallōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
stallōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
stallōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
stallōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
stallōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
stallōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
stallōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
stallōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
stallōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
stallōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
stallōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
stallōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
stallōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
stallōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
stallōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
stallōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
stallōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
stallōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
stallōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
stallōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
stallōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
stallōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
stallōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
stallōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
stallōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
stallōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
stallōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
stallōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
stallōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
stallōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
stallōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
stallōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
stallōndz (active participle present)
stallōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *stallōn
Old English: steallian
Middle English: stallen
English: stall
Old Frisian: stallia
Saterland Frisian: stalle, staale
West Frisian: stâlje, stâle, stalje, stalle
Old Saxon: *stallōn
Middle Low German: stallen
Old Dutch: *stallon
Middle Dutch: stallen
Dutch: stallen
Old High German: *stallōn
Middle High German: stallen

Old Norse: stalla

Norwegian:

Norwegian Bokmål: stalle

Norwegian Nynorsk: stalle, stalla

Swedish: stalla


fardijōną

fardijō (active first-person indicative singular)
fardijǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
fardijōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
fardijōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
fardijōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
fardijō (active imperative second-person singular)
fardijōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
fardijōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
fardijōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
fardijō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
fardijōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
fardijōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
fardijōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
fardijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
fardijōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
fardijōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
fardijōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
fardijōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
fardijōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
fardijōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
fardijōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
fardijōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
fardijōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
fardijōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
fardijōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
fardijōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
fardijōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
fardijōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
fardijōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
fardijōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
fardijōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
fardijōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
fardijōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
fardijōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
fardijōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
fardijōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
fardijōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
fardijōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
fardijōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
fardijōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
fardijōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
fardijōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
fardijōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
fardijōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
fardijōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
fardijōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
fardijōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
fardijōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
fardijōndz (active participle present)
fardijōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *fardijōn, *fardōn
Old English: fierdian, fyrdian
Middle English: ferden, furdien
Old Saxon: *fardōn
Middle Low German: *vārden
⇒ Middle Low German: hērvārden
⇒ Middle Low German: walvārden
Old High German: *fartōn, *fertion
Middle High German: verten, ferten
⇒ Old High German: anagifartōn
⇒ Old High German: gisamantfartōn

Old Norse: ferðask

Icelandic: ferðast

Faroese: ferðast

Norwegian Bokmål: ferdes

Swedish: färdes

Danish: færdes


granjōną

granjō (active first-person indicative singular)
granjǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
granjōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
granjōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
granjōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
granjō (active imperative second-person singular)
granjōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
granjōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
granjōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
granjō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
granjōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
granjōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
granjōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
granjōs (active dual first-person indicative)
granjōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
granjōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
granjōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
granjōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
granjōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
granjōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
granjōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
granjōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
granjōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
granjōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
granjōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
granjōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
granjōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
granjōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
granjōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
granjōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
granjōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
granjōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
granjōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
granjōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
granjōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
granjōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
granjōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
granjōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
granjōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
granjōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
granjōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
granjōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
granjōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
granjōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
granjōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
granjōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
granjōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
granjōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
granjōndz (active participle present)
granjōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *grannjōn, *granjōn, *granōn
Old English: grennian
Middle English: grinnen
English: grin
Old Saxon: *grenōn, *grennōn
Middle Low German: *grēnen, *grennen
⇒ Middle Low German: grēneken, grenneken
Old Dutch: *grenon, *grennon
Middle Dutch: grēnen
Dutch: grinnen
⇒ Middle Dutch: grēniken
Dutch: greniken, grinniken
Old High German: granōn, grennōn
Middle High German: granen, grannen, grennen, grinnen

Old Norse: grenja

Icelandic: grenja

Faroese: grenja

Norwegian Nynorsk: grenje, grenja

Swedish: grinna

Possibly related to *grīnaną and *grainōną.


fnesaną

fnesō (active first-person indicative singular)
fnesaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
fnesai (first-person indicative passive singular)
fnisizi (active indicative second-person singular)
fnesaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
fnes (active imperative second-person singular)
fnesazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
fnesaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
fnisidi (active indicative singular third-person)
fnesai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
fnesadau (active imperative singular third-person)
fnesadai (indicative passive singular third-person)
fnesaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
fnesōz (active dual first-person indicative)
fnesaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
fnesadiz (active dual indicative second-person)
fnesaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
fnesadiz (active dual imperative second-person)
fnesamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
fnesaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
fnesandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
fnesaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
fnisid (active indicative plural second-person)
fnesaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
fnisid (active imperative plural second-person)
fnesandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
fnesaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
fnesandi (active indicative plural third-person)
fnesain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
fnesandau (active imperative plural third-person)
fnesandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
fnesaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
fnas (active first-person indicative singular)
fnēzį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
fnast (active indicative second-person singular)
fnēzīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
fnas (active indicative singular third-person)
fnēzī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
fnēzū (active dual first-person indicative)
fnēzīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
fnēzudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
fnēzīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
fnēzum (active first-person indicative plural)
fnēzīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
fnēzud (active indicative plural second-person)
fnēzīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
fnēzun (active indicative plural third-person)
fnēzīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
fnesandz (active participle present)
fnezanaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *fnesan

Old English: fnesan
Middle English: fnesen (merged with descendant of Old English fnēosan)
English: sneeze
Scots: sneeze

From Proto-Indo-European *pnew- (“to breathe, pant, gasp; snort, sneeze”).

der

pfneschezen

Old High German: fneskazzen, fneskezzen; Middle High German

pfnāsen

Old High German: *fnāsōn; Middle High German

fnāstijōnOld English: fnǣstianMiddle English: fnasten

fnestenOld High German: fnāstōn>? Middle High German: pfnesten

phnāst

Old High German: *fnāst; Middle High German

Old English: fnǣranMiddle English: *fneren, snerenEnglish: sneerScots: snere, sneer

⇒ Old English: fnǣrettanMiddle English: fnerten


miliskōną

miliskō (active first-person indicative singular)
miliskǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
miliskōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
miliskōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
miliskōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
miliskō (active imperative second-person singular)
miliskōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
miliskōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
miliskōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
miliskō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
miliskōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
miliskōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
miliskōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
miliskōs (active dual first-person indicative)
miliskōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
miliskōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
miliskōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
miliskōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
miliskōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
miliskōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
miliskōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
miliskōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
miliskōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
miliskōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
miliskōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
miliskōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
miliskōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
miliskōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
miliskōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
miliskōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
miliskōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
miliskōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
miliskōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
miliskōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
miliskōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
miliskōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
miliskōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
miliskōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
miliskōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
miliskōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
miliskōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
miliskōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
miliskōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
miliskōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
miliskōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
miliskōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
miliskōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
miliskōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
miliskōndz (active participle present)
miliskōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *miliskōn
Old English: milscian, miliscian

Old Norse: milska


telgaz

telgaz (nominative singular)
tilgizō (nominative plural)
telgaz (singular vocative)
tilgizō (plural vocative)
telgaz (accusative singular)
tilgizō (accusative plural)
tilgiziz (genitive singular)
tilgizǫ̂ (genitive plural)
tilgizi (dative singular)
tilgizumaz (dative plural)
tilgizē (instrumental singular)
tilgizumiz (instrumental plural)

Proto-West Germanic: *tilgʀ, *telgʀ

Old English: telgor; telgra

Middle English: *telȝer, *tilȝer

English: tiller

Scots: tiller


midlōną

midlō (active first-person indicative singular)
midlǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
midlōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
midlōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
midlōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
midlō (active imperative second-person singular)
midlōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
midlōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
midlōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
midlō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
midlōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
midlōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
midlōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
midlōs (active dual first-person indicative)
midlōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
midlōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
midlōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
midlōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
midlōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
midlōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
midlōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
midlōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
midlōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
midlōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
midlōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
midlōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
midlōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
midlōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
midlōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
midlōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
midlōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
midlōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
midlōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
midlōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
midlōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
midlōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
midlōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
midlōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
midlōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
midlōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
midlōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
midlōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
midlōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
midlōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
midlōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
midlōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
midlōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
midlōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
midlōndz (active participle present)
midlōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *midlōn
Old English: midlian
Middle English: middlen
English: middle
⇒ Scots: midling, midlin (adjective)
Old Frisian: *middelia
Saterland Frisian: middelje
West Frisian: middelje
Old Saxon: *middilōn
Middle Low German: middelen
German Low German: middeln
Old Dutch: *middilon
Middle Dutch: middelen
Dutch: middelen
⇒ Old Dutch: gimiddilon
Old High German: *mittilōn
Middle High German: mitteln, mittelen
German: mitteln
⇒? Old High German: mittilodōn

Old Norse: miðla

Icelandic: miðla

Norwegian:

Norwegian Bokmål: midle

Norwegian Nynorsk: midle, midla

Swedish: medla

to join in the middle, to meet in between


sama-

Proto-West Germanic: *sama-

Old English: sam-

Old Norse: sam-

Danish: sam-

Faroese: sam-

Icelandic: sam-

Norwegian: sam-

Gothic: 𐍃𐌰𐌼𐌰- (sama-)


hallaz

hallaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
hallai (masculine nominative plural strong)
hallō (feminine nominative singular strong)
hallôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
hallą (neuter nominative singular strong)
-at (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
hallō (neuter nominative plural strong)
hallanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
hallanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
hallǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
hallōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
hallą (accusative neuter singular strong)
-at (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
hallō (accusative neuter plural strong)
hallas (genitive masculine singular strong)
hallis (genitive masculine singular strong)
hallaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
hallaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
hallaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
hallas (genitive neuter singular strong)
hallis (genitive neuter singular strong)
hallaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
hallammai (dative masculine singular strong)
hallaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
hallaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
hallaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
hallammai (dative neuter singular strong)
hallaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
hallanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
hallaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
hallaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
hallaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
hallanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
hallaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
hallô (masculine nominative singular weak)
hallaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
hallǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
hallōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
hallô (neuter nominative singular weak)
hallōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
hallanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
hallanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
hallōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
hallōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
hallô (accusative neuter singular weak)
hallōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
halliniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
hallanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
hallōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
hallōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
halliniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
hallanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
hallini (dative masculine singular weak)
hallammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
hallōni (dative feminine singular weak)
hallōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
hallini (dative neuter singular weak)
hallammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
hallinē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
hallammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
hallōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
hallōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
hallinē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
hallammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

Uncertain. Perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *kHlnós (“hardened, encrusted”).


hallą

gem-decl-noun-table

*hallą (a-stem)

hallą (nominative singular)
hallō (nominative plural)
hallą (singular vocative)
hallō (plural vocative)
hallą (accusative singular)
hallō (accusative plural)
hallas (genitive singular)
-is (genitive singular)
hallǫ̂ (genitive plural)
hallai (dative singular)
hallamaz (dative plural)
hallō (instrumental singular)
hallamiz (instrumental plural)

Proto-West Germanic: *hall

desc

Old High German: *hall (“brine? saltworks?”)

Middle High German: hal n (“salt spring, saltworks”)

German: Hall n (“saltworks”)

⇒ Old High German: hallhūs, halhūs (“salt house, salt pit”)

Middle High German: *hallhūs

Swabian: Hallhaus

⇒ Old High German: hallsalz, halasalz

⇒? German: Hallstatt

⇒? Proto-West Germanic: *hallu

Old Saxon: *halla

Middle Low German: halle (“location where salt wells and pits are found”)

German Low German: Halle (“Saale”, placename)

Old High German: *halla

gl

Middle High German: halle (“salt preparation and/or storage area”) (perhaps a borrowing from Middle Low German ?)

Old Norse: hall

desc

Faroese: hall (“deficit, deficiency, want”)

⇒ Old Norse: *halli m

Icelandic: halli (“deficit, loss”)

Faroese: halli (“deficit, deficiency”)

Uncertain. Perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *kHlnom (“encrustation, hardening”).


farzô

gem-decl-noun-table

*farzô (an-stem)

farzô (nominative singular)
farzaniz (nominative plural)
farzô (singular vocative)
farzaniz (plural vocative)
farzanų (accusative singular)
farzanunz (accusative plural)
farziniz (genitive singular)
farzanǫ̂ (genitive plural)
farzini (dative singular)
farzammaz (dative plural)
farzinē (instrumental singular)
farzammiz (instrumental plural)

Proto-West Germanic: *farʀō

Old Saxon: *farro

Middle Low German: varre

Old Dutch: farro

Middle Dutch: varre, verre

Dutch: var

Old High German: farro

Middle High German: pharre, varre

German: Farre

desctree

Old Norse: farri
Icelandic: farri
Swedish: farre

From Proto-Indo-European *perh₃- (“to provide”).


farsī

farsī (nominative singular)
farsijôz (nominative plural)
farsī (singular vocative)
farsijôz (plural vocative)
farsijǭ (accusative singular)
farsijōz (accusative plural)
farsijōz (genitive singular)
farsijǫ̂ (genitive plural)
farsijōi (dative singular)
farsijōmaz (dative plural)
farsijō (instrumental singular)
farsijōmiz (instrumental plural)

Proto-West Germanic: *farsi, *farsijā

>? Old English: *færu, *faro, *fore

desctree

⇒ Old English: hēahfore, hēafaru, hēafru, hēahfru, hēhfore; hēhfaro, hēffere, hēhfare — Northumbrian
Middle English: heyfre, haffer, hayfare, hayfre, hefere, heffere, heffre, heyfer, heyfor, heyfur; heekfar, hefker, hekfare, hekfere, hekfore (with fortition)
English: heifer (obsolete dialectal hefker, hekfer)
Scots: heifer
Yola: hiver

Old Saxon: *fersia

Middle Low German: ferse, verse

German Low German: Färs

Old Dutch: *fersa

Middle Dutch: verse, varse, vaerse

Dutch: vaars, veers (dialectal)

Old High German: *fersea, *fersa

Middle High German: ferse, verse (perhaps borrowed from Low German)

German: Färse


harjanaz

harjanaz (nominative singular)
harjanōz (nominative plural)
harjanōs (nominative plural)
harjan (singular vocative)
harjanōz (plural vocative)
harjanōs (plural vocative)
harjaną (accusative singular)
harjananz (accusative plural)
harjanas (genitive singular)
harjanis (genitive singular)
harjanǫ̂ (genitive plural)
harjanai (dative singular)
harjanamaz (dative plural)
harjanō (instrumental singular)
harjanamiz (instrumental plural)

Old Norse: Herjann
Icelandic: Herjann

From *harjaz (“army, warband”) + *-anaz. Cognate with Ancient Greek κοίρανος (koíranos, “king, ruler, lord”).


wīks

wīks (nominative singular)
wīkiz (nominative plural)
wīk (singular vocative)
wīkiz (plural vocative)
wīkų (accusative singular)
wīkunz (accusative plural)
wīkiz (genitive singular)
wīkǫ̂ (genitive plural)
wīki (dative singular)
wīkumaz (dative plural)
wīkē (instrumental singular)
wīkumiz (instrumental plural)

From Proto-Indo-European *weyk- (“to bend, curve”).