ūtlandijaz

*ūtlandijaz (ja-stem)

ūtlandijaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
ūtlandijai (masculine nominative plural strong)
ūtlandijō (feminine nominative singular strong)
ūtlandijôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
ūtlandiją (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
ūtlandijō (neuter nominative plural strong)
ūtlandijanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
ūtlandijanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
ūtlandijǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
ūtlandijōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
ūtlandiją (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
ūtlandijō (accusative neuter plural strong)
ūtlandijas (genitive masculine singular strong)
-īs (genitive masculine singular strong)
ūtlandijaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
ūtlandijaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
ūtlandijaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
ūtlandijas (genitive neuter singular strong)
-īs (genitive neuter singular strong)
ūtlandijaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
ūtlandijammai (dative masculine singular strong)
ūtlandijaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
ūtlandijaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
ūtlandijaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
ūtlandijammai (dative neuter singular strong)
ūtlandijaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
ūtlandijanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
ūtlandijaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
ūtlandijaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
ūtlandijaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
ūtlandijanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
ūtlandijaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
ūtlandijô (masculine nominative singular weak)
ūtlandijaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
ūtlandijǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
ūtlandijōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
ūtlandijô (neuter nominative singular weak)
ūtlandijōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
ūtlandijanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
ūtlandijanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
ūtlandijōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
ūtlandijōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
ūtlandijô (accusative neuter singular weak)
ūtlandijōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
ūtlandīniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
ūtlandijanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
ūtlandijōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
ūtlandijōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
ūtlandīniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
ūtlandijanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
ūtlandīni (dative masculine singular weak)
ūtlandijammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
ūtlandijōni (dative feminine singular weak)
ūtlandijōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
ūtlandīni (dative neuter singular weak)
ūtlandijammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
ūtlandīnē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
ūtlandijammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
ūtlandijōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
ūtlandijōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
ūtlandīnē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
ūtlandijammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

Old English: ūtlende

Old High German: ūzlenti

Old Norse: útlendr

Icelandic: útlendur

Faroese: útlendur


witraz

*witraz (a-stem)

witraz (masculine nominative singular strong)
witrai (masculine nominative plural strong)
witrō (feminine nominative singular strong)
witrôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
witrą (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
witrō (neuter nominative plural strong)
witranǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
witranz (accusative masculine plural strong)
witrǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
witrōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
witrą (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
witrō (accusative neuter plural strong)
witras (genitive masculine singular strong)
-is (genitive masculine singular strong)
witraizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
witraizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
witraizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
witras (genitive neuter singular strong)
-is (genitive neuter singular strong)
witraizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
witrammai (dative masculine singular strong)
witraimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
witraizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
witraimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
witrammai (dative neuter singular strong)
witraimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
witranō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
witraimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
witraizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
witraimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
witranō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
witraimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
witrô (masculine nominative singular weak)
witraniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
witrǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
witrōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
witrô (neuter nominative singular weak)
witrōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
witranų (accusative masculine singular weak)
witranunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
witrōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
witrōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
witrô (accusative neuter singular weak)
witrōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
witriniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
witranǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
witrōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
witrōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
witriniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
witranǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
witrini (dative masculine singular weak)
witrammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
witrōni (dative feminine singular weak)
witrōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
witrini (dative neuter singular weak)
witrammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
witrinē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
witrammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
witrōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
witrōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
witrinē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
witrammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

Proto-West Germanic: *wit(t)r

Old English: witer, witter

Old Norse: vitr

Icelandic: vitur

Faroese: vitur

Old Danish: witær, vidher

Danish: vidder (obsolete)

Old Swedish: viter, wittur

Swedish: vitter

→ Danish: vitter (obsolete)

From pre-Germanic *widrós, equivalent to *witaną + *-raz, a ro-stem adjective derive from Proto-Indo-European *weyd- (“to know, see”).


grōiz

grōiz (masculine nominative singular strong)
grōjai (masculine nominative plural strong)
grōī (feminine nominative singular strong)
grōjôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
grōį (neuter nominative singular strong)
-jatō (neuter nominative singular strong)
grōjō (neuter nominative plural strong)
grōjanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
grōjanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
grōjǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
grōjōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
grōį (accusative neuter singular strong)
-jatō (accusative neuter singular strong)
grōjō (accusative neuter plural strong)
grōjas (genitive masculine singular strong)
grōis (genitive masculine singular strong)
grōjaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
grōjaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
grōjaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
grōjas (genitive neuter singular strong)
grōis (genitive neuter singular strong)
grōjaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
grōjammai (dative masculine singular strong)
grōjaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
grōjaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
grōjaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
grōjammai (dative neuter singular strong)
grōjaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
grōjanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
grōjaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
grōjaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
grōjaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
grōjanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
grōjaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
grōjô (masculine nominative singular weak)
grōjaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
grōjǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
grōjōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
grōjô (neuter nominative singular weak)
grōjōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
grōjanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
grōjanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
grōjōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
grōjōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
grōjô (accusative neuter singular weak)
grōjōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
grōiniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
grōjanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
grōjōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
grōjōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
grōiniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
grōjanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
grōini (dative masculine singular weak)
grōjammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
grōjōni (dative feminine singular weak)
grōjōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
grōini (dative neuter singular weak)
grōjammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
grōinē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
grōjammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
grōjōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
grōjōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
grōinē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
grōjammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

Old Norse: *grǿr, snemmgrǿr

Icelandic: snemmgrær

A verbal adjective derived from *grōaną (“to grow, green”).


wlītaną

wlītō (active first-person indicative singular)
wlītaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
wlītai (first-person indicative passive singular)
wlītizi (active indicative second-person singular)
wlītaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
wlīt (active imperative second-person singular)
wlītazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
wlītaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
wlītidi (active indicative singular third-person)
wlītai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
wlītadau (active imperative singular third-person)
wlītadai (indicative passive singular third-person)
wlītaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
wlītōz (active dual first-person indicative)
wlītaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
wlītadiz (active dual indicative second-person)
wlītaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
wlītadiz (active dual imperative second-person)
wlītamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
wlītaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
wlītandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
wlītaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
wlītid (active indicative plural second-person)
wlītaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
wlītid (active imperative plural second-person)
wlītandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
wlītaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
wlītandi (active indicative plural third-person)
wlītain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
wlītandau (active imperative plural third-person)
wlītandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
wlītaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
wlait (active first-person indicative singular)
wlitį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
wlaist (active indicative second-person singular)
wlitīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
wlait (active indicative singular third-person)
wlitī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
wlitū (active dual first-person indicative)
wlitīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
wlitudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
wlitīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
wlitum (active first-person indicative plural)
wlitīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
wlitud (active indicative plural second-person)
wlitīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
wlitun (active indicative plural third-person)
wlitīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
wlītandz (active participle present)
wlitanaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *wlītan
Old English: wlītan
→ English: wlite (revived)

Old Norse: líta
Icelandic: líta
Faroese: líta
Norwegian Nynorsk: lita

From Pre-Germanic *wleyd(ʰ)- or *wleyt-. Further etymology uncertain, but probably from Proto-Indo-European *wel- (“to see”).


þainaz

*þainaz (a-stem)

þainaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
þainai (masculine nominative plural strong)
þainō (feminine nominative singular strong)
þainôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
þainą (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
þainō (neuter nominative plural strong)
þainanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
þainanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
þainǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
þainōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
þainą (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
þainō (accusative neuter plural strong)
þainas (genitive masculine singular strong)
-is (genitive masculine singular strong)
þainaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
þainaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
þainaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
þainas (genitive neuter singular strong)
-is (genitive neuter singular strong)
þainaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
þainammai (dative masculine singular strong)
þainaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
þainaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
þainaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
þainammai (dative neuter singular strong)
þainaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
þainanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
þainaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
þainaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
þainaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
þainanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
þainaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
þainô (masculine nominative singular weak)
þainaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
þainǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
þainōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
þainô (neuter nominative singular weak)
þainōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
þainanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
þainanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
þainōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
þainōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
þainô (accusative neuter singular weak)
þainōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
þaininiz (genitive masculine singular weak)
þainanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
þainōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
þainōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
þaininiz (genitive neuter singular weak)
þainanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
þainini (dative masculine singular weak)
þainammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
þainōni (dative feminine singular weak)
þainōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
þainini (dative neuter singular weak)
þainammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
þaininē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
þainammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
þainōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
þainōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
þaininē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
þainammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

Proto-West Germanic: *þain

Old English: þān

Middle English: *than, *thon

English: thone, thoan

Scots: thane, thain

From Proto-Indo-European *teh₂- (“to melt, flow”).


ainahandijaz

*ainahandijaz (ja-stem)

ainahandijaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
ainahandijai (masculine nominative plural strong)
ainahandijō (feminine nominative singular strong)
ainahandijôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
ainahandiją (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
ainahandijō (neuter nominative plural strong)
ainahandijanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
ainahandijanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
ainahandijǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
ainahandijōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
ainahandiją (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
ainahandijō (accusative neuter plural strong)
ainahandijas (genitive masculine singular strong)
-īs (genitive masculine singular strong)
ainahandijaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
ainahandijaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
ainahandijaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
ainahandijas (genitive neuter singular strong)
-īs (genitive neuter singular strong)
ainahandijaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
ainahandijammai (dative masculine singular strong)
ainahandijaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
ainahandijaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
ainahandijaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
ainahandijammai (dative neuter singular strong)
ainahandijaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
ainahandijanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
ainahandijaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
ainahandijaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
ainahandijaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
ainahandijanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
ainahandijaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
ainahandijô (masculine nominative singular weak)
ainahandijaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
ainahandijǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
ainahandijōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
ainahandijô (neuter nominative singular weak)
ainahandijōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
ainahandijanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
ainahandijanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
ainahandijōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
ainahandijōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
ainahandijô (accusative neuter singular weak)
ainahandijōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
ainahandīniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
ainahandijanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
ainahandijōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
ainahandijōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
ainahandīniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
ainahandijanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
ainahandīni (dative masculine singular weak)
ainahandijammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
ainahandijōni (dative feminine singular weak)
ainahandijōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
ainahandīni (dative neuter singular weak)
ainahandijammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
ainahandīnē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
ainahandijammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
ainahandijōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
ainahandijōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
ainahandīnē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
ainahandijammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

Proto-West Germanic: *ainahandī

Old English: ānhende

Middle English: anhende, onhende

Old High German: einhenti

Middle High German: einhende

German: einhändig

Old Norse: einhendr

Faroese: einhentur

Icelandic: einhentur

Old Swedish: ēnhænder

Swedish: enhänt (?)

one-handed, having one hand, lame, imperfect


ainanahtijaz

*ainanahtijaz (ja-stem)

ainanahtijaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
ainanahtijai (masculine nominative plural strong)
ainanahtijō (feminine nominative singular strong)
ainanahtijôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
ainanahtiją (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
ainanahtijō (neuter nominative plural strong)
ainanahtijanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
ainanahtijanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
ainanahtijǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
ainanahtijōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
ainanahtiją (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
ainanahtijō (accusative neuter plural strong)
ainanahtijas (genitive masculine singular strong)
-īs (genitive masculine singular strong)
ainanahtijaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
ainanahtijaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
ainanahtijaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
ainanahtijas (genitive neuter singular strong)
-īs (genitive neuter singular strong)
ainanahtijaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
ainanahtijammai (dative masculine singular strong)
ainanahtijaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
ainanahtijaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
ainanahtijaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
ainanahtijammai (dative neuter singular strong)
ainanahtijaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
ainanahtijanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
ainanahtijaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
ainanahtijaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
ainanahtijaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
ainanahtijanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
ainanahtijaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
ainanahtijô (masculine nominative singular weak)
ainanahtijaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
ainanahtijǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
ainanahtijōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
ainanahtijô (neuter nominative singular weak)
ainanahtijōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
ainanahtijanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
ainanahtijanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
ainanahtijōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
ainanahtijōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
ainanahtijô (accusative neuter singular weak)
ainanahtijōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
ainanahtīniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
ainanahtijanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
ainanahtijōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
ainanahtijōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
ainanahtīniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
ainanahtijanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
ainanahtīni (dative masculine singular weak)
ainanahtijammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
ainanahtijōni (dative feminine singular weak)
ainanahtijōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
ainanahtīni (dative neuter singular weak)
ainanahtijammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
ainanahtīnē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
ainanahtijammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
ainanahtijōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
ainanahtijōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
ainanahtīnē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
ainanahtijammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

Proto-West Germanic: *ainanahtī

Old English: ānnihte

Old High German: *einnehti

Middle High German: einnehte

Old Norse: einnættr

Icelandic: einnættur


rēswō

rēswō (nominative singular)
rēswôz (nominative plural)
rēswō (singular vocative)
rēswôz (plural vocative)
rēswǭ (accusative singular)
rēswōz (accusative plural)
rēswōz (genitive singular)
rēswǫ̂ (genitive plural)
rēswōi (dative singular)
rēswōmaz (dative plural)
rēswō (instrumental singular)
rēswōmiz (instrumental plural)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *rāsu
Old English: rǣs
⇒? Middle Low German: rassen (verb)
⇒ Middle Low German: rasselen

From Proto-Indo-European *h₂reh₁dʰ-tweh₂, from *h₂reh₁dʰ- (“to arrange; to advise”) + *-tweh₂. Equivalent to *rēdaną + *-þwō.


īdalaz

*īdalaz (a-stem)

īdalaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
īdalai (masculine nominative plural strong)
īdalō (feminine nominative singular strong)
īdalôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
īdalą (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
īdalō (neuter nominative plural strong)
īdalanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
īdalanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
īdalǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
īdalōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
īdalą (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
īdalō (accusative neuter plural strong)
īdalas (genitive masculine singular strong)
-is (genitive masculine singular strong)
īdalaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
īdalaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
īdalaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
īdalas (genitive neuter singular strong)
-is (genitive neuter singular strong)
īdalaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
īdalammai (dative masculine singular strong)
īdalaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
īdalaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
īdalaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
īdalammai (dative neuter singular strong)
īdalaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
īdalanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
īdalaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
īdalaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
īdalaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
īdalanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
īdalaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
īdalô (masculine nominative singular weak)
īdalaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
īdalǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
īdalōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
īdalô (neuter nominative singular weak)
īdalōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
īdalanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
īdalanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
īdalōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
īdalōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
īdalô (accusative neuter singular weak)
īdalōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
īdaliniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
īdalanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
īdalōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
īdalōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
īdaliniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
īdalanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
īdalini (dative masculine singular weak)
īdalammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
īdalōni (dative feminine singular weak)
īdalōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
īdalini (dative neuter singular weak)
īdalammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
īdalinē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
īdalammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
īdalōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
īdalōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
īdalinē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
īdalammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

desctree

Old English: īdel
Middle English: ydel, idel, idil, idill, idul, idyl, idyll, ydell, ydil, ydill, ydul, ydull
English: idle
Scots: idle

Old Frisian: īdel

Old Saxon: īdal

Middle Low German: îdel

German Low German: iedel

Old Dutch: īdil

Middle Dutch: idel

Dutch: ijdel, ijl, iel

Old High German: ītal

Middle High German: ītel

German: eitel

A denominative adjective, from pre-Germanic *ih₁-tlo- or *ih₁tolos, from Proto-Indo-European *yeh₁-. Related to Russian я́ловый (jálovyj, “barren”), Latvian jēls (“raw, uncooked”), Welsh iâl (“clearing, glade”).


rōdijaną

rōdijō (active first-person indicative singular)
rōdijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
rōdijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
rōdīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
rōdijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
rōdī (active imperative second-person singular)
rōdijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
rōdijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
rōdīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
rōdijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
rōdijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
rōdijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
rōdijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
rōdijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
rōdijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
rōdijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
rōdijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
rōdijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
rōdijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
rōdijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
rōdijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
rōdijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
rōdīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
rōdijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
rōdīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
rōdijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
rōdijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
rōdijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
rōdijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
rōdijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
rōdijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
rōdijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
rōdidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
rōdidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
rōdidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
rōdidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
rōdidē (active indicative singular third-person)
rōdidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
rōdidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
rōdidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
rōdidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
rōdidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
rōdidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
rōdidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
rōdidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
rōdidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
rōdidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
rōdidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
rōdijandz (active participle present)
rōdidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Old Norse: rǿða

Icelandic: ræða

Faroese: røða

Gothic: 𐍂𐍉𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌽 (rōdjan)

From Proto-Indo-European *h₂roh₁dʰéyeti, from *Hreh₁dʰ- (“to think, arrange”). Equivalent to *rēdaną (“to decide, advise”) + *-janą.
Cognate with Proto-Slavic *raditi.


jēmaraz

*jēmaraz (a-stem)

jēmaraz (masculine nominative singular strong)
jēmarai (masculine nominative plural strong)
jēmarō (feminine nominative singular strong)
jēmarôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
jēmarą (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
jēmarō (neuter nominative plural strong)
jēmaranǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
jēmaranz (accusative masculine plural strong)
jēmarǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
jēmarōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
jēmarą (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
jēmarō (accusative neuter plural strong)
jēmaras (genitive masculine singular strong)
-is (genitive masculine singular strong)
jēmaraizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
jēmaraizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
jēmaraizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
jēmaras (genitive neuter singular strong)
-is (genitive neuter singular strong)
jēmaraizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
jēmarammai (dative masculine singular strong)
jēmaraimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
jēmaraizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
jēmaraimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
jēmarammai (dative neuter singular strong)
jēmaraimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
jēmaranō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
jēmaraimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
jēmaraizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
jēmaraimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
jēmaranō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
jēmaraimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
jēmarô (masculine nominative singular weak)
jēmaraniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
jēmarǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
jēmarōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
jēmarô (neuter nominative singular weak)
jēmarōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
jēmaranų (accusative masculine singular weak)
jēmaranunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
jēmarōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
jēmarōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
jēmarô (accusative neuter singular weak)
jēmarōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
jēmariniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
jēmaranǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
jēmarōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
jēmarōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
jēmariniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
jēmaranǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
jēmarini (dative masculine singular weak)
jēmarammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
jēmarōni (dative feminine singular weak)
jēmarōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
jēmarini (dative neuter singular weak)
jēmarammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
jēmarinē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
jēmarammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
jēmarōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
jēmarōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
jēmarinē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
jēmarammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

Proto-West Germanic: *jāmar
Old English: ġeōmor, ġēomor
Middle English: ȝeomere, yomer
Old Frisian: jāmer
⇒ Saterland Frisian: jammerje
West Frisian: jammer
Old Saxon: jāmar
Middle Low German: jâmer, jammer
→ Old Danish: iæmber
Danish: jammer
→ Swedish: jämmer
Old Dutch: jamer
Middle Dutch: jâmer, jammer
Dutch: jammer
Afrikaans: jammer
Negerhollands: jammer, jamer
→ Caribbean Javanese: yamer
Old High German: jāmar, āmar

Probably from Proto-Indo-European *yem- (“to hold, match, defeat, subjugate”), though the semantic shift is non-trivial.


stimbaz

stimbaz (nominative singular)
stimbizō (nominative plural)
stimbaz (singular vocative)
stimbizō (plural vocative)
stimbaz (accusative singular)
stimbizō (accusative plural)
stimbiziz (genitive singular)
stimbizǫ̂ (genitive plural)
stimbizi (dative singular)
stimbizumaz (dative plural)
stimbizē (instrumental singular)
stimbizumiz (instrumental plural)

Old Norse: *stimbr

Faroese: stimbur

From Proto-Indo-European *stembʰ- (“to make firm”). Related to Sanskrit स्तभ्नाति (stabhnāti, “to support, prop up”).


stammaz

*stammaz (a-stem)

stammaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
stammai (masculine nominative plural strong)
stammō (feminine nominative singular strong)
stammôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
stammą (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
stammō (neuter nominative plural strong)
stammanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
stammanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
stammǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
stammōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
stammą (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
stammō (accusative neuter plural strong)
stammas (genitive masculine singular strong)
-is (genitive masculine singular strong)
stammaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
stammaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
stammaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
stammas (genitive neuter singular strong)
-is (genitive neuter singular strong)
stammaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
stammammai (dative masculine singular strong)
stammaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
stammaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
stammaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
stammammai (dative neuter singular strong)
stammaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
stammanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
stammaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
stammaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
stammaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
stammanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
stammaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
stammô (masculine nominative singular weak)
stammaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
stammǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
stammōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
stammô (neuter nominative singular weak)
stammōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
stammanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
stammanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
stammōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
stammōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
stammô (accusative neuter singular weak)
stammōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
stamminiz (genitive masculine singular weak)
stammanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
stammōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
stammōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
stamminiz (genitive neuter singular weak)
stammanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
stammini (dative masculine singular weak)
stammammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
stammōni (dative feminine singular weak)
stammōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
stammini (dative neuter singular weak)
stammammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
stamminē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
stammammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
stammōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
stammōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
stamminē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
stammammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

Old English: stamm, stam

Old High German: stam

Old Norse: stammr, stamr

Icelandic: stamr

Old Swedish: stamber

Gothic: 𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌼𐌼𐍃 (stamms)

An o-grade adjective derived from a lost strong verb *stimmaną. Probably ultimately related to *stammijaną (“to cause to slow”) and *stummaz (“mute”).


knēiz

knēiz (masculine nominative singular strong)
knējai (masculine nominative plural strong)
knēī (feminine nominative singular strong)
knējôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
knēį (neuter nominative singular strong)
-jatō (neuter nominative singular strong)
knējō (neuter nominative plural strong)
knējanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
knējanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
knējǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
knējōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
knēį (accusative neuter singular strong)
-jatō (accusative neuter singular strong)
knējō (accusative neuter plural strong)
knējas (genitive masculine singular strong)
knēis (genitive masculine singular strong)
knējaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
knējaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
knējaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
knējas (genitive neuter singular strong)
knēis (genitive neuter singular strong)
knējaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
knējammai (dative masculine singular strong)
knējaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
knējaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
knējaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
knējammai (dative neuter singular strong)
knējaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
knējanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
knējaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
knējaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
knējaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
knējanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
knējaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
knējô (masculine nominative singular weak)
knējaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
knējǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
knējōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
knējô (neuter nominative singular weak)
knējōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
knējanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
knējanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
knējōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
knējōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
knējô (accusative neuter singular weak)
knējōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
knēiniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
knējanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
knējōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
knējōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
knēiniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
knējanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
knēini (dative masculine singular weak)
knējammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
knējōni (dative feminine singular weak)
knējōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
knēini (dative neuter singular weak)
knējammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
knēinē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
knējammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
knējōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
knējōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
knēinē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
knējammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

Old English: cnǣwe; cnāwe (with epenthetic -w-, compare cnāwan)

⇒ Old English: oncnǣwe; ġecnǣwe, ġecnāwe

Middle English: aknawe, aknowe (partially)

Vṛddhi gerundive of *knēaną (“to know”).


angazaz

angazaz (nominative singular)
angazōz (nominative plural)
angazōs (nominative plural)
angaz (singular vocative)
angazōz (plural vocative)
angazōs (plural vocative)
angazą (accusative singular)
angazanz (accusative plural)
angazas (genitive singular)
angazis (genitive singular)
angazǫ̂ (genitive plural)
angazai (dative singular)
angazamaz (dative plural)
angazō (instrumental singular)
angazamiz (instrumental plural)

desctree

Old Norse: angr
Icelandic: angur
Faroese: angur
Norwegian: anger
Old Swedish: anger
Swedish: ånger
→ Middle English: anger
English: anger
Scots: anger
Yola: garr (clipped)

→ Proto-Finnic: *ankëda

Finnish: ankea

/ˈɑŋ.ɡɑ.zɑz/

Likely a thematicization of an s-stem, Pre-Germanic *h₂enǵʰos, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂enǵʰ- (“to tighten”). Related to Latin angor (“suffocation, anxiety”), Sanskrit अंहस् (aṃhas, “anxiety”).


wringaną

wringō (active first-person indicative singular)
wringaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
wringai (first-person indicative passive singular)
wringizi (active indicative second-person singular)
wringaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
wring (active imperative second-person singular)
wringazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
wringaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
wringidi (active indicative singular third-person)
wringai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
wringadau (active imperative singular third-person)
wringadai (indicative passive singular third-person)
wringaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
wringōz (active dual first-person indicative)
wringaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
wringadiz (active dual indicative second-person)
wringaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
wringadiz (active dual imperative second-person)
wringamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
wringaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
wringandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
wringaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
wringid (active indicative plural second-person)
wringaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
wringid (active imperative plural second-person)
wringandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
wringaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
wringandi (active indicative plural third-person)
wringain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
wringandau (active imperative plural third-person)
wringandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
wringaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
wrang (active first-person indicative singular)
wrungį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
wranht (active indicative second-person singular)
wrungīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
wrang (active indicative singular third-person)
wrungī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
wrungū (active dual first-person indicative)
wrungīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
wrungudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
wrungīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
wrungum (active first-person indicative plural)
wrungīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
wrungud (active indicative plural second-person)
wrungīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
wrungun (active indicative plural third-person)
wrungīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
wringandz (active participle present)
wrunganaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Old English: wringan

Middle English: wryngen, wringen

Scots: wryng, wring

English: wring

desctree

Old Frisian: *wringa
Saterland Frisian: wringe
West Frisian: wringe

Old Saxon: wringan

Middle Low German: wringen

Low German: wringen

→ German: wringen

Old Dutch: *wringan
Middle Dutch: wringen
Dutch: wringen
Limburgish: wringe

Old High German: ringan

Middle High German: ringen

German: ringen

Luxembourgish: réngen

Probably related to Lithuanian rangýti (“to writhe”), pointing to Proto-Indo-European *wrengʰ-. If related to Ancient Greek ῥίμφα (rhímpha, “quickly, fast”), the root is to be reconstructed as *wrengʷʰ-.


stinkwaną

stinkwō (active first-person indicative singular)
stinkwaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
stinkwai (first-person indicative passive singular)
stinkwizi (active indicative second-person singular)
stinkwaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
stinkw (active imperative second-person singular)
stinkwazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
stinkwaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
stinkwidi (active indicative singular third-person)
stinkwai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
stinkwadau (active imperative singular third-person)
stinkwadai (indicative passive singular third-person)
stinkwaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
stinkwōz (active dual first-person indicative)
stinkwaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
stinkwadiz (active dual indicative second-person)
stinkwaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
stinkwadiz (active dual imperative second-person)
stinkwamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
stinkwaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
stinkwandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
stinkwaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
stinkwid (active indicative plural second-person)
stinkwaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
stinkwid (active imperative plural second-person)
stinkwandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
stinkwaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
stinkwandi (active indicative plural third-person)
stinkwain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
stinkwandau (active imperative plural third-person)
stinkwandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
stinkwaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
stankw (active first-person indicative singular)
stunkį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
stanht (active indicative second-person singular)
stunkīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
stankw (active indicative singular third-person)
stunkī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
stunkū (active dual first-person indicative)
stunkīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
stunkudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
stunkīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
stunkum (active first-person indicative plural)
stunkīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
stunkud (active indicative plural second-person)
stunkīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
stunkun (active indicative plural third-person)
stunkīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
stinkwandz (active participle present)
stunkanaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *stinkwan
Old English: stincan
Middle English: stynken, stynkkyn, stenke, styngke, stynke, stinken
Scots: stink
English: stink
Old Frisian: *stiunka
Saterland Frisian: stjunke
West Frisian: stjonke
Old Saxon: stinkan
Middle Low German: stinken
Low German: stinken
→ Danish: stinke
→ Swedish: stinka
→ Norwegian: stinke
Old Dutch: stincan
Middle Dutch: stinken
Dutch: stinken
Afrikaans: stink
Negerhollands: stink
→ Sranan Tongo: tingi
→ Saramaccan: tíngi
Limburgish: stinke
Old High German: stinkan, stinchan
Middle High German: stinken
German: stinken
Yiddish: שטינקען (shtinken)

Old Norse: støkkva, stynka, *stinkva

Icelandic: stökkva

Faroese: støkka

Norwegian: stokka

Old Swedish: stiunka, stinkva

Old Danish: stynkæ

Gothic: 𐍃𐍄𐌹𐌲𐌵𐌰𐌽 (stigqan)

From Proto-Indo-European *stengʷ- (“to push, thrust”), *stegʷ- (“to thrust, strike”). Related to Latin stinguō (“to extinguish”).


rōdijaz

*rōdijaz (ja-stem)

rōdijaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
rōdijai (masculine nominative plural strong)
rōdijō (feminine nominative singular strong)
rōdijôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
rōdiją (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
rōdijō (neuter nominative plural strong)
rōdijanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
rōdijanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
rōdijǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
rōdijōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
rōdiją (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
rōdijō (accusative neuter plural strong)
rōdijas (genitive masculine singular strong)
-īs (genitive masculine singular strong)
rōdijaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
rōdijaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
rōdijaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
rōdijas (genitive neuter singular strong)
-īs (genitive neuter singular strong)
rōdijaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
rōdijammai (dative masculine singular strong)
rōdijaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
rōdijaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
rōdijaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
rōdijammai (dative neuter singular strong)
rōdijaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
rōdijanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
rōdijaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
rōdijaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
rōdijaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
rōdijanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
rōdijaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
rōdijô (masculine nominative singular weak)
rōdijaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
rōdijǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
rōdijōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
rōdijô (neuter nominative singular weak)
rōdijōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
rōdijanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
rōdijanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
rōdijōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
rōdijōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
rōdijô (accusative neuter singular weak)
rōdijōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
rōdīniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
rōdijanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
rōdijōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
rōdijōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
rōdīniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
rōdijanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
rōdīni (dative masculine singular weak)
rōdijammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
rōdijōni (dative feminine singular weak)
rōdijōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
rōdīni (dative neuter singular weak)
rōdijammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
rōdīnē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
rōdijammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
rōdijōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
rōdijōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
rōdīnē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
rōdijammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

Old Norse: *rǿðr, fjǫlrǿðr

Icelandic: ræður, fjölræður

Derived from *rōdijaną (“to speak, talk about”).


hlōdijaną

hlōdijō (active first-person indicative singular)
hlōdijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
hlōdijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
hlōdīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
hlōdijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
hlōdī (active imperative second-person singular)
hlōdijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
hlōdijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
hlōdīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
hlōdijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
hlōdijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
hlōdijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
hlōdijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
hlōdijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
hlōdijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
hlōdijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
hlōdijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
hlōdijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
hlōdijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
hlōdijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
hlōdijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
hlōdijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
hlōdīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
hlōdijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
hlōdīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
hlōdijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
hlōdijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
hlōdijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
hlōdijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
hlōdijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
hlōdijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
hlōdijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
hlōdidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
hlōdidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
hlōdidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
hlōdidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
hlōdidē (active indicative singular third-person)
hlōdidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
hlōdidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
hlōdidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
hlōdidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
hlōdidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
hlōdidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
hlōdidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
hlōdidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
hlōdidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
hlōdidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
hlōdidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
hlōdijandz (active participle present)
hlōdidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Old Norse: hlǿða, hlœða
Icelandic: hlæða
Faroese: løða
Norwegian Nynorsk: løda, løa, lø
Norwegian Bokmål: lø
Old Swedish: lø̄dha


tainaz

tainaz (nominative singular)
tainōz (nominative plural)
tainōs (nominative plural)
tain (singular vocative)
tainōz (plural vocative)
tainōs (plural vocative)
tainą (accusative singular)
tainanz (accusative plural)
tainas (genitive singular)
tainis (genitive singular)
tainǫ̂ (genitive plural)
tainai (dative singular)
tainamaz (dative plural)
tainō (instrumental singular)
tainamiz (instrumental plural)

Proto-West Germanic: *tain
Old English: tān
Middle English: *tan
English: tan (“twig, small switch”)
⇒ Old English: misteltān
Middle English: mistelta, mistilte, mistelto, mystiltyne, mystilltyn, mystyldene
Scots: misseldeu, messeldeu
English: mistletoe
Old Frisian: *tēn
⇒ Saterland Frisian: Täinelse (“garden fence woven from willow rods”)
West Frisian: tien
Old Saxon: tēn
Middle Low German: tên
Old Dutch: *tēn
Middle Dutch: têne
Dutch: teen
Limburgish: tieën
Old High German: zein
Middle High German: zein
German: Zein, Zain

Old Norse: teinn
Icelandic: teinn
Faroese: teinur
Norwegian Nynorsk: tein; (dialectal) teidn, tæn
→ Norwegian Bokmål: tein
Old Swedish: tēn
Swedish: ten
Danish: ten
Norwegian Bokmål: ten

Gothic: 𐍄𐌰𐌹𐌽𐍃 (tains)

→ Proto-Finnic: *taina (see there for further descendants)

Brill Publishers
Germanic parent language

Unknown; expected to reflect pre-Germanic *doynos. Kroonen connects *tiną (“tin”).


taitaz

*taitaz (a-stem)

taitaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
taitai (masculine nominative plural strong)
taitō (feminine nominative singular strong)
taitôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
taitą (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
taitō (neuter nominative plural strong)
taitanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
taitanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
taitǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
taitōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
taitą (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
taitō (accusative neuter plural strong)
taitas (genitive masculine singular strong)
-is (genitive masculine singular strong)
taitaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
taitaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
taitaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
taitas (genitive neuter singular strong)
-is (genitive neuter singular strong)
taitaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
taitammai (dative masculine singular strong)
taitaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
taitaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
taitaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
taitammai (dative neuter singular strong)
taitaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
taitanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
taitaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
taitaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
taitaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
taitanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
taitaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
taitô (masculine nominative singular weak)
taitaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
taitǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
taitōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
taitô (neuter nominative singular weak)
taitōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
taitanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
taitanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
taitōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
taitōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
taitô (accusative neuter singular weak)
taitōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
taitiniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
taitanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
taitōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
taitōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
taitiniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
taitanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
taitini (dative masculine singular weak)
taitammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
taitōni (dative feminine singular weak)
taitōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
taitini (dative neuter singular weak)
taitammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
taitinē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
taitammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
taitōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
taitōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
taitinē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
taitammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

Proto-West Germanic: *tait

q

in names: <i class="Latn mention" lang="ang">Tāta</i>

Old English: tāt (in names: Tāta)

desc

English: Tate, Tatenhill, Tateshall, Tattershall, etc.

q

in names: <i class="Latn mention" lang="osx">Tēthild</i>

Old Saxon: tēt (in names: Tēthild)

Old Dutch: *teit, *tēt

Middle Dutch: teet

Old High German: zeiz

Middle High German: zeiz

German: zeiß

⇒ German: Zeiß, Zeiss (surname)

→ English: Zeiss

Old Norse: teitr

Icelandic: teitur

Faroese: teitur

desc

→ Middle English: teit, teyt, teyte, tayt, tayte

Middle English: Tayte, Tayt, Teyt (surname)

English: Tait

Scots: tait, tayt, tate (“active, energetic, lively”)

From Proto-Indo-European *doydo-, from *dey- (“to gleam, shimmer, shine”).


abuhaz

*abuhaz (a-stem)

abuhaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
abuhai (masculine nominative plural strong)
abuhō (feminine nominative singular strong)
abuhôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
abuhą (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
abuhō (neuter nominative plural strong)
abuhanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
abuhanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
abuhǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
abuhōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
abuhą (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
abuhō (accusative neuter plural strong)
abuhas (genitive masculine singular strong)
-is (genitive masculine singular strong)
abuhaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
abuhaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
abuhaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
abuhas (genitive neuter singular strong)
-is (genitive neuter singular strong)
abuhaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
abuhammai (dative masculine singular strong)
abuhaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
abuhaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
abuhaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
abuhammai (dative neuter singular strong)
abuhaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
abuhanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
abuhaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
abuhaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
abuhaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
abuhanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
abuhaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
abuhô (masculine nominative singular weak)
abuhaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
abuhǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
abuhōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
abuhô (neuter nominative singular weak)
abuhōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
abuhanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
abuhanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
abuhōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
abuhōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
abuhô (accusative neuter singular weak)
abuhōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
abuhiniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
abuhanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
abuhōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
abuhōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
abuhiniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
abuhanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
abuhini (dative masculine singular weak)
abuhammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
abuhōni (dative feminine singular weak)
abuhōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
abuhini (dative neuter singular weak)
abuhammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
abuhinē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
abuhammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
abuhōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
abuhōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
abuhinē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
abuhammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

Old Saxon: abuh

Old High German: abuh

Middle High German: ebich

German: äbich

desctree

Old Norse: ǫfugr, ǫfigr, afigr
Icelandic: öfugur
Norwegian: avig, avug, ovug
Old Swedish: avigher, avugher, avogher
Swedish: avig, avog, avot
Old Danish:
Danish: avet
→ English: awk

Gothic: 𐌹𐌱𐌿𐌺𐍃 (ibuks)

From Pre-Germanic *ápōkʷos, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂époh₃kʷos, with alteration based on adjectives in *-ugaz. Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₂epó and Proto-Indo-European *h₃ekʷ-. Cognate with Sanskrit अपाञ्च् (ápāñc, “located backwards, behind”), Serbo-Croatian ȍpāk (“wicked, evil”).


skutiz

skutiz (nominative singular)
skutīz (nominative plural)
skuti (singular vocative)
skutīz (plural vocative)
skutį (accusative singular)
skutinz (accusative plural)
skutīz (genitive singular)
skutjǫ̂ (genitive plural)
skutī (dative singular)
skutimaz (dative plural)
skutī (instrumental singular)
skutimiz (instrumental plural)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *skuti
Old English: sċyte
Middle English: schute
Old Frisian: skete, skette
Saterland Frisian: Sköät
Old Dutch: *skuti
Middle Dutch: schote
Dutch: scheut
Old High German: scuz, skuz
Middle High German: schuz
German: Schuss, Schuß (superseded spelling)
→ English: schuss
→ French: schuss
→ Kashubian: sus
→ Serbo-Croatian: šȕs
Luxembourgish: Schoss

A zero-grade i-stem derived from *skeutaną (“to shoot”).


skeutaz

*skeutaz (a-stem)

skeutaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
skeutai (masculine nominative plural strong)
skeutō (feminine nominative singular strong)
skeutôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
skeutą (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
skeutō (neuter nominative plural strong)
skeutanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
skeutanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
skeutǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
skeutōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
skeutą (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
skeutō (accusative neuter plural strong)
skeutas (genitive masculine singular strong)
-is (genitive masculine singular strong)
skeutaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
skeutaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
skeutaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
skeutas (genitive neuter singular strong)
-is (genitive neuter singular strong)
skeutaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
skeutammai (dative masculine singular strong)
skeutaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
skeutaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
skeutaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
skeutammai (dative neuter singular strong)
skeutaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
skeutanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
skeutaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
skeutaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
skeutaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
skeutanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
skeutaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
skeutô (masculine nominative singular weak)
skeutaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
skeutǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
skeutōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
skeutô (neuter nominative singular weak)
skeutōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
skeutanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
skeutanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
skeutōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
skeutōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
skeutô (accusative neuter singular weak)
skeutōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
skeutiniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
skeutanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
skeutōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
skeutōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
skeutiniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
skeutanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
skeutini (dative masculine singular weak)
skeutammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
skeutōni (dative feminine singular weak)
skeutōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
skeutini (dative neuter singular weak)
skeutammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
skeutinē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
skeutammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
skeutōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
skeutōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
skeutinē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
skeutammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

Proto-West Germanic: *skeut

Old English: sċēot

Middle English: shete, sheyte

desc

⇒ Middle English: schete (“quickly, easily”, adverb)

Old Norse: skjótr

Icelandic: skjótur

Faroese: skjótur

Old Swedish: skiūter

⇒ Old Norse: skjótt (adverb)

Icelandic: skjótt

Faroese: skjótt

→ Middle English: skete


baswô

baswô (nominative singular)
baswaniz (nominative plural)
baswô (singular vocative)
baswaniz (plural vocative)
baswanų (accusative singular)
baswanunz (accusative plural)
baswiniz (genitive singular)
baswanǫ̂ (genitive plural)
baswini (dative singular)
baswammaz (dative plural)
baswinē (instrumental singular)
baswammiz (instrumental plural)

Proto-West Germanic: *baswō

q

Old Frisian: *basa; bas (possibly borrowed from Middle Low German)

Saterland Frisian: Boas

West Frisian: baes, baas

Old Saxon: *baso

Middle Low German: bās

Low German: Bas

German Low German: Baas

→ German: Bas, Baß, Baas

→ Danish: bas

→ Swedish: bas

→ Norwegian: bas

Old Dutch: *baso

Middle Dutch: baes

desctree

Dutch: baas
Afrikaans: baas
→ English: baas
Negerhollands: baas, baes
→ Lokono: basia
→ Aukan: basi
→ Belizean Creole: baas
→ Caribbean Hindustani: bás
→ Caribbean Javanese: bas
→ English: boss
→ Cantonese: 波士 (bo¹ si⁶⁻²)
→ Danish: boss
→ French: boss
→ Indonesian: bos
→ Italian: boss
→ Japanese: ボス (bosu)
→ Korean: 보스 (boseu)
→ Guyanese Creole English: baas
→ Indonesian: bas (“boss”)
→ Petjo: bas
→ Jamaican Creole: baas
→ Kwinti: basia
→ Papiamentu: bas, baas, ba
→ Saramaccan: bási
→ Sranan Tongo: basi
→ Kari'na: ba`si
→ Trió: paasi
→ West Frisian: baas

West Flemish: baos

→ French: bausse

Unknown. Perhaps derived from or related to *ba-, *bō- (“father, older male relation”).

fadurjō

*fadurwijô (“paternal uncle”); Proto-West Germanic


hrōzijaną

hrōzijō (active first-person indicative singular)
hrōzijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
hrōzijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
hrōzīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
hrōzijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
hrōzī (active imperative second-person singular)
hrōzijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
hrōzijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
hrōzīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
hrōzijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
hrōzijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
hrōzijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
hrōzijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
hrōzijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
hrōzijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
hrōzijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
hrōzijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
hrōzijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
hrōzijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
hrōzijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
hrōzijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
hrōzijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
hrōzīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
hrōzijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
hrōzīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
hrōzijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
hrōzijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
hrōzijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
hrōzijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
hrōzijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
hrōzijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
hrōzijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
hrōzidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
hrōzidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
hrōzidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
hrōzidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
hrōzidē (active indicative singular third-person)
hrōzidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
hrōzidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
hrōzidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
hrōzidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
hrōzidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
hrōzidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
hrōzidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
hrōzidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
hrōzidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
hrōzidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
hrōzidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
hrōzijandz (active participle present)
hrōzidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *hrōʀijan
Old English: hrēran
Middle English: rēren; (rōrien)
English: rear (“to move; stir”)
⇒ Old English: hrēre (adj), hrēr
Middle English: rere
English: rear (dialectal), rare
Old Frisian: hrēra
Saterland Frisian: ríere
West Frisian: riere, reare
Old Saxon: hrōrian
Middle Low German: rôren
German Low German: röhren
Old Dutch: *ruoren (in irruoran)
Middle Dutch: roeren
Dutch: roeren
Afrikaans: roer
Old High German: hruorjan, ruoren
Middle High German: ruoren, rüeren
Bavarian: riarn
German: rühren
→ Saterland Frisian: rüürje
Yiddish: רירן (rirn)

Old Norse: hrǿra, hrœra
Icelandic: hræra
Faroese: røra
Norwegian Nynorsk: røra
Old Swedish: rø̄ra
Swedish: röra
Old Danish: røræ
Danish: røre

From *hrōzaz (“active, stirring, moving”) + *-janą. Possibly inherited from Proto-Indo-European *kroHs-éye-ti: according to Kroonen, a direct cognate of Avestan 𐬟𐬭𐬁-𐬑𐬭𐬃𐬢𐬵𐬀𐬌𐬌𐬀 (frā-xrā̊ŋhaiia, “to be shocked”), and according to Orel, of Proto-Slavic *krasiti (“to ornate”).

cog

𐬟𐬭𐬁𐬑𐬭𐬃𐬢𐬵𐬀𐬌𐬌𐬀

𐬟𐬭𐬁-𐬑𐬭𐬃𐬢𐬵𐬀𐬌𐬌𐬀


herzô

herzô (nominative singular)
herzaniz (nominative plural)
herzô (singular vocative)
herzaniz (plural vocative)
herzanų (accusative singular)
herzanunz (accusative plural)
hirziniz (genitive singular)
herzanǫ̂ (genitive plural)
hirzini (dative singular)
herzammaz (dative plural)
hirzinē (instrumental singular)
herzammiz (instrumental plural)

Proto-West Germanic: *herʀō, *her(r)ō

desctree

Old English: heorra
Middle English: herre, har, harre, her, horre; heorre (Early Middle English)
English: har, harr, harre
Scots: harr, herre, har
Yola: harr, har

Old Dutch: harra, *herro

Middle Dutch: herre, harre

Dutch: har

Old Norse: hjarri; hjari; hjara

Icelandic: hjarri; hjari, hjara, hjör

Faroese: hjørri; hjørra

Of uncertain origin.
Traditionally derived from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kerd- (“to move, sway, swing, jump”); in this case, cognate with Old High German scerdo (“hinge”), Latin cardō (“hinge”), Proto-Celtic *kerdeti (“to put, move”), Ancient Greek κραδάω (kradáō, “to swing, shake”), and perhaps Sanskrit कूर्द् (kūrd, “to leap, jump, play”) and German scherzen (“to joke, jest, frolic”).
Orel instead derives the root from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kert-so and compares Lithuanian sker̃sas (“across”), Proto-Slavic *čerzъ (“through, across”), and Latin cardō.
Kroonen prefers to derive the root from a Proto-Indo-European *kérH-on-, and compares Lithuanian kárti (“to hang”), Proto-Germanic *hurdiz (“wickerwork door, frame”), Latin crātis (“wickerwork”).


mēþwō

mēþwō (nominative singular)
mēþwôz (nominative plural)
mēþwō (singular vocative)
mēþwôz (plural vocative)
mēþwǭ (accusative singular)
mēþwōz (accusative plural)
mēþwōz (genitive singular)
mēþwǫ̂ (genitive plural)
mēþwōi (dative singular)
mēþwōmaz (dative plural)
mēþwō (instrumental singular)
mēþwōmiz (instrumental plural)

desctree

Old English: mǣd
Middle English: mede, medwe
English: mead, meadow
Scots: meeda
Yola: mead

Old Frisian: mēde

Old Dutch: māda

Middle Dutch: made

Dutch: made

From Pre-Germanic *h₂méh₁tuh₂, *h₂mh₁twéh₂-, the latter giving *madwō, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂meh₁- (“to mow”).


Dōnawjaz

Dōnawjaz (nominative singular)
Dōnawjai (dative singular)

Proto-West Germanic: *Dōnauwjā, *Dōnauwju
Old English: Dōnua (hapax att. c. 890, possibly actually from Old Cornish or Old Saxon)
Old Saxon: *Dōnūa
Middle Low German: Dônouw, Dônouwe, Dunouw, Dunouwe
→ Old Norse: Dónua
Old Dutch: *Donouwa
Middle Dutch: Danouwe, Dunouwe, Denouwe
Old High German: Tuonouwa, Duonowa, Tuonouwe
Middle High German: Tuonouwe, Tuonowe, Tuonawe, Tunaw
German: Donau, Dunau, Tonau, Dhonau, Thonau, Donaw, Dunaw, Dhonaw, Tonaw, Tunaw, Thonaw, Thunaw (obsolete)
→ Chinese: 多瑙 (Duōnǎo)
→ Danish: Donau
→ Dutch: Donau
→ Icelandic: Dóná
→ Japanese: ドナウ (Donau)
→ Low German: Donau
→ Norwegian Bokmål: Donau
→ Norwegian Nynorsk: Donau
→ Swedish: Donau

Gothic: *𐌳𐍉𐌽𐌰𐍅𐌹 (*dōnawi)

→ Ancient Greek: Δούναβις (Doúnabis)

Greek: Δούναβης (Doúnavis)

→ Proto-Slavic: *Dunavь (see there for further descendants)

Borrowed from Proto-Celtic *Dānowyos, an extended form of the river-name *Dānu, from Proto-Indo-European *déh₂nu (“river goddess”), akin to *dʰenh₂- (“to set in motion; to flow”). The Celtic name is also the source of Latin Dānuvius, Dānubius and Ancient Greek Δανούιος (Danoúios) and Δανούβιος (Danoúbios). *Dōnawjaz was reinterpreted as a feminine jō-stem in West Germanic (Schumacher 2007: 181).


wēziz

wēziz (masculine nominative singular strong)
wēzijai (masculine nominative plural strong)
wēzī (feminine nominative singular strong)
wēzijôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
wēzį (neuter nominative singular strong)
-jatō (neuter nominative singular strong)
wēzijō (neuter nominative plural strong)
wēzijanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
wēzijanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
wēzijǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
wēzijōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
wēzį (accusative neuter singular strong)
-jatō (accusative neuter singular strong)
wēzijō (accusative neuter plural strong)
wēzijas (genitive masculine singular strong)
wēzīs (genitive masculine singular strong)
wēzijaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
wēzijaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
wēzijaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
wēzijas (genitive neuter singular strong)
wēzīs (genitive neuter singular strong)
wēzijaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
wēzijammai (dative masculine singular strong)
wēzijaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
wēzijaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
wēzijaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
wēzijammai (dative neuter singular strong)
wēzijaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
wēzijanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
wēzijaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
wēzijaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
wēzijaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
wēzijanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
wēzijaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
wēzijô (masculine nominative singular weak)
wēzijaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
wēzijǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
wēzijōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
wēzijô (neuter nominative singular weak)
wēzijōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
wēzijanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
wēzijanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
wēzijōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
wēzijōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
wēzijô (accusative neuter singular weak)
wēzijōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
wēzīniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
wēzijanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
wēzijōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
wēzijōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
wēzīniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
wēzijanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
wēzīni (dative masculine singular weak)
wēzijammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
wēzijōni (dative feminine singular weak)
wēzijōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
wēzīni (dative neuter singular weak)
wēzijammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
wēzīnē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
wēzijammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
wēzijōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
wēzijōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
wēzīnē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
wēzijammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

Old Norse: værr

Icelandic: vær

Gothic: *𐍅𐌴𐍃 (*wēs) (indirectly attested in 𐌱𐌰𐌻𐍅𐌰𐍅𐌴𐍃𐌴𐌹 (balwawēsei) < *wēzį̄)


tehwō

tehwō (nominative singular)
tehwôz (nominative plural)
tehwō (singular vocative)
tehwôz (plural vocative)
tehwǭ (accusative singular)
tehwōz (accusative plural)
tehwōz (genitive singular)
tehwǫ̂ (genitive plural)
tehwōi (dative singular)
tehwōmaz (dative plural)
tehwō (instrumental singular)
tehwōmiz (instrumental plural)

Old Saxon: *teha

Middle Low German: teche

Old High German: *zeha

Middle High German: zeche, zech

From Proto-Indo-European *déḱweh₂, from *deḱ- (“to fit”). Verner's alternate of *tēwō with different ablaut of the root syllable.


aftrą

Old Norse: aptr, aftr

Icelandic: aftur

Faroese: aftur

Norwegian:

Norwegian Bokmål: atter

Norwegian Nynorsk: att

Old Swedish: āter

Swedish: åter

Old Danish: attær

Danish: atter

Elfdalian: atter, att

Gutnish: atar

Gothic: 𐌰𐍆𐍄𐍂𐌰 (aftra)

From the accusative/allative form of Pre-Germanic *h₂ep(o)teros. Compare Sanskrit अपतरम् (apataram, “further away”).


lēgiz

lēgiz (masculine nominative singular strong)
lēgijai (masculine nominative plural strong)
lēgī (feminine nominative singular strong)
lēgijôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
lēgį (neuter nominative singular strong)
-jatō (neuter nominative singular strong)
lēgijō (neuter nominative plural strong)
lēgijanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
lēgijanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
lēgijǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
lēgijōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
lēgį (accusative neuter singular strong)
-jatō (accusative neuter singular strong)
lēgijō (accusative neuter plural strong)
lēgijas (genitive masculine singular strong)
lēgīs (genitive masculine singular strong)
lēgijaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
lēgijaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
lēgijaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
lēgijas (genitive neuter singular strong)
lēgīs (genitive neuter singular strong)
lēgijaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
lēgijammai (dative masculine singular strong)
lēgijaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
lēgijaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
lēgijaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
lēgijammai (dative neuter singular strong)
lēgijaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
lēgijanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
lēgijaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
lēgijaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
lēgijaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
lēgijanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
lēgijaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
lēgijô (masculine nominative singular weak)
lēgijaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
lēgijǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
lēgijōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
lēgijô (neuter nominative singular weak)
lēgijōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
lēgijanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
lēgijanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
lēgijōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
lēgijōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
lēgijô (accusative neuter singular weak)
lēgijōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
lēgīniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
lēgijanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
lēgijōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
lēgijōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
lēgīniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
lēgijanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
lēgīni (dative masculine singular weak)
lēgijammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
lēgijōni (dative feminine singular weak)
lēgijōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
lēgīni (dative neuter singular weak)
lēgijammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
lēgīnē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
lēgijammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
lēgijōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
lēgijōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
lēgīnē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
lēgijammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

Proto-West Germanic: *lāgi

desc

Old High German: *lāgi, abalāgi, analāgi

Old Norse: lægr

Icelandic: lægur

Vṛddhi gerundive of *ligjaną (“to lie, rest”).


ōliz

ōliz (masculine nominative singular strong)
ōlijai (masculine nominative plural strong)
ōlī (feminine nominative singular strong)
ōlijôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
ōlį (neuter nominative singular strong)
-jatō (neuter nominative singular strong)
ōlijō (neuter nominative plural strong)
ōlijanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
ōlijanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
ōlijǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
ōlijōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
ōlį (accusative neuter singular strong)
-jatō (accusative neuter singular strong)
ōlijō (accusative neuter plural strong)
ōlijas (genitive masculine singular strong)
ōlīs (genitive masculine singular strong)
ōlijaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
ōlijaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
ōlijaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
ōlijas (genitive neuter singular strong)
ōlīs (genitive neuter singular strong)
ōlijaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
ōlijammai (dative masculine singular strong)
ōlijaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
ōlijaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
ōlijaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
ōlijammai (dative neuter singular strong)
ōlijaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
ōlijanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
ōlijaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
ōlijaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
ōlijaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
ōlijanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
ōlijaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
ōlijô (masculine nominative singular weak)
ōlijaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
ōlijǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
ōlijōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
ōlijô (neuter nominative singular weak)
ōlijōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
ōlijanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
ōlijanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
ōlijōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
ōlijōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
ōlijô (accusative neuter singular weak)
ōlijōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
ōlīniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
ōlijanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
ōlijōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
ōlijōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
ōlīniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
ōlijanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
ōlīni (dative masculine singular weak)
ōlijammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
ōlijōni (dative feminine singular weak)
ōlijōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
ōlīni (dative neuter singular weak)
ōlijammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
ōlīnē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
ōlijammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
ōlijōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
ōlijōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
ōlīnē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
ōlijammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

Old Norse: œll, ǿll

Icelandic: æll

Vṛddhi gerundive of *alaną (“to raise, nourish”).

(North Germanic) raising, nourishing, feeding

(North Germanic) able or fit to be fed, nourished


waldiz

waldiz (masculine nominative singular strong)
waldijai (masculine nominative plural strong)
waldī (feminine nominative singular strong)
waldijôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
waldį (neuter nominative singular strong)
-jatō (neuter nominative singular strong)
waldijō (neuter nominative plural strong)
waldijanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
waldijanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
waldijǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
waldijōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
waldį (accusative neuter singular strong)
-jatō (accusative neuter singular strong)
waldijō (accusative neuter plural strong)
waldijas (genitive masculine singular strong)
waldīs (genitive masculine singular strong)
waldijaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
waldijaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
waldijaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
waldijas (genitive neuter singular strong)
waldīs (genitive neuter singular strong)
waldijaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
waldijammai (dative masculine singular strong)
waldijaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
waldijaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
waldijaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
waldijammai (dative neuter singular strong)
waldijaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
waldijanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
waldijaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
waldijaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
waldijaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
waldijanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
waldijaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
waldijô (masculine nominative singular weak)
waldijaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
waldijǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
waldijōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
waldijô (neuter nominative singular weak)
waldijōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
waldijanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
waldijanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
waldijōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
waldijōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
waldijô (accusative neuter singular weak)
waldijōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
waldīniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
waldijanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
waldijōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
waldijōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
waldīniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
waldijanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
waldīni (dative masculine singular weak)
waldijammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
waldijōni (dative feminine singular weak)
waldijōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
waldīni (dative neuter singular weak)
waldijammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
waldīnē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
waldijammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
waldijōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
waldijōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
waldīnē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
waldijammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

Proto-West Germanic: *waldi

Old English: wilde, wielde

desc

Old Frisian: *walde, *welde, unwalde, unwelde

Old Norse: *veldr, auðveldr

Verbal adjective derived from *waldaną (“to rule”).


wēgiz

wēgiz (masculine nominative singular strong)
wēgijai (masculine nominative plural strong)
wēgī (feminine nominative singular strong)
wēgijôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
wēgį (neuter nominative singular strong)
-jatō (neuter nominative singular strong)
wēgijō (neuter nominative plural strong)
wēgijanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
wēgijanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
wēgijǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
wēgijōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
wēgį (accusative neuter singular strong)
-jatō (accusative neuter singular strong)
wēgijō (accusative neuter plural strong)
wēgijas (genitive masculine singular strong)
wēgīs (genitive masculine singular strong)
wēgijaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
wēgijaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
wēgijaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
wēgijas (genitive neuter singular strong)
wēgīs (genitive neuter singular strong)
wēgijaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
wēgijammai (dative masculine singular strong)
wēgijaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
wēgijaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
wēgijaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
wēgijammai (dative neuter singular strong)
wēgijaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
wēgijanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
wēgijaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
wēgijaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
wēgijaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
wēgijanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
wēgijaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
wēgijô (masculine nominative singular weak)
wēgijaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
wēgijǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
wēgijōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
wēgijô (neuter nominative singular weak)
wēgijōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
wēgijanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
wēgijanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
wēgijōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
wēgijōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
wēgijô (accusative neuter singular weak)
wēgijōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
wēgīniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
wēgijanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
wēgijōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
wēgijōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
wēgīniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
wēgijanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
wēgīni (dative masculine singular weak)
wēgijammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
wēgijōni (dative feminine singular weak)
wēgijōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
wēgīni (dative neuter singular weak)
wēgijammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
wēgīnē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
wēgijammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
wēgijōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
wēgijōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
wēgīnē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
wēgijammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

Old High German: *wāgi

Middle High German: unwæge

Old Norse: vægr

Icelandic: vægur

Vṛddhi gerundive of *weganą (“to move, carry, weigh”).


kwainōną

kwainō (active first-person indicative singular)
kwainǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
kwainōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
kwainōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
kwainōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
kwainō (active imperative second-person singular)
kwainōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
kwainōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
kwainōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
kwainō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
kwainōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
kwainōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
kwainōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
kwainōs (active dual first-person indicative)
kwainōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
kwainōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
kwainōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
kwainōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
kwainōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
kwainōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
kwainōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
kwainōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
kwainōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
kwainōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
kwainōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
kwainōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
kwainōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
kwainōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
kwainōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
kwainōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
kwainōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
kwainōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
kwainōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
kwainōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
kwainōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
kwainōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
kwainōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
kwainōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
kwainōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
kwainōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
kwainōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
kwainōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
kwainōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
kwainōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
kwainōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
kwainōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
kwainōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
kwainōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
kwainōndz (active participle present)
kwainōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *kwainōn
Old English: cwānian
Middle English: quanen, quainen (merged with Old Norse kveina)

Old Norse: kveina; (kveinka)

Icelandic: kveina; (kveinka)

Faroese: kveina

(Norwegian Bokmål: kvinke)

(Swedish: hvinka)

(→ Scots: quink; whink)

Gothic: 𐌵𐌰𐌹𐌽𐍉𐌽 (qainōn)

/ˈkʷɑi̯.nɔː.nɑ̃/

From Proto-Indo-European *gʷey- (“to lament; complain”).


kuppaz

kuppaz (nominative singular)
kuppōz (nominative plural)
kuppōs (nominative plural)
kupp (singular vocative)
kuppōz (plural vocative)
kuppōs (plural vocative)
kuppą (accusative singular)
kuppanz (accusative plural)
kuppas (genitive singular)
kuppis (genitive singular)
kuppǫ̂ (genitive plural)
kuppai (dative singular)
kuppamaz (dative plural)
kuppō (instrumental singular)
kuppamiz (instrumental plural)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *kopp
Old English: copp
Middle English: cop, cope, coppe
English: cop
Scots: cop, coppe
Yola: kappas (plural)
→ Welsh: copa
Old Frisian: kopp, kop
North Frisian: kop
Saterland Frisian: Kop
West Frisian: kop
Old Saxon: *kopp, *kop, kopp (in derivatives)
Middle Low German: koppe, kop
German Low German: Kopp
Plautdietsch: Kopp
→ German: Kopp
Old Dutch: *kopp, *kop
Middle Dutch: coppe, cop
Dutch: kop
Afrikaans: kop
Negerhollands: kop, koppi, kopi, kopje
→ Virgin Islands Creole: kop (dated)
Petjo: kop
Skepi Creole Dutch: kup
→ Caribbean Javanese: kop
→ Indonesian: kop
→ Papiamentu: kòpi, koppi (from the diminutive, dated)
→ Sranan Tongo: kopi, kopki
→ Kari'na: kopuma
West Flemish: kobbe
Old High German: kopf, chopf, choph
Middle High German: kopf, koph
Alemannic German: Chopf
Bavarian:
Cimbrian: khopf, khòpf (Sette Comuni)
Central Franconian:
Hunsrik: Kopp
Kölsch: Kopp
Lorraine Franconian: Chapp, Chopp, Kopp
East Central German:
Silesian East Central German: Kopp, Kepp
German: Kopf
Luxembourgish: Kapp
Rhine Franconian:
Palatine German: Kapp, Kopp, Kupp
Pennsylvania German: Kopp
Volga German: Kopp
Yiddish: קאָפּ (kop)
→ Old French: copet, coupet

Old Norse: koppr (possibly from Middle Low German)

Icelandic: koppur

Faroese: koppur

Norwegian Bokmål: kopp

Norwegian Nynorsk: kopp

Swedish: kopp

Danish: kop

Crimean Gothic: kop (in compounds)

From earlier *kubnáz, from Proto-Indo-European *gup- (“round object, knoll”), from *gew- (“to bend, curve, arch, vault”).

der

crown (of the head); harnpan; skull; head


gahlaibô

gahlaibô (nominative singular)
gahlaibaniz (nominative plural)
gahlaibô (singular vocative)
gahlaibaniz (plural vocative)
gahlaibanų (accusative singular)
gahlaibanunz (accusative plural)
gahlaibiniz (genitive singular)
gahlaibanǫ̂ (genitive plural)
gahlaibini (dative singular)
gahlaibammaz (dative plural)
gahlaibinē (instrumental singular)
gahlaibammiz (instrumental plural)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *gahlaibō
Old High German: *galaiba, kaleibo, galeipo (dative)
→ Late Latin: compāniō (calque) (see there for further descendants)

Gothic: 𐌲𐌰𐌷𐌻𐌰𐌹𐌱𐌰 (gahlaiba)

/ɣɑ.ˈxlɑi̯.βɔːː/

From *ga- (associative prefix) + *hlaibaz (“bread”) + *-ô (personalizing ending).


arbijô

gem-decl-noun-table

*arbijô (an-stem)

arbijô (nominative singular)
arbijaniz (nominative plural)
arbijô (singular vocative)
arbijaniz (plural vocative)
arbijanų (accusative singular)
arbijanunz (accusative plural)
arbīniz (genitive singular)
arbijanǫ̂ (genitive plural)
arbīni (dative singular)
arbijammaz (dative plural)
arbīnē (instrumental singular)
arbijammiz (instrumental plural)

Old English: ierfa, irfa

Old Frisian: erva

Saterland Frisian: Ierwe, Äärwe

Old Dutch:

Middle Dutch: erve

Dutch: erve (archaic)

Old High German: erbo, arbeo

Middle High German: erbe

German: Erbe

Luxembourgish: Ierwen

desc

Proto-Norse: ᚨᚱᛒᛁᛃᚨᚾᛟ (arbijano /arbijanō/) (genitive plural)

Old Norse: arfi

Icelandic: arfi

Faroese: arvi

Old Swedish: arve

Gothic: 𐌰𐍂𐌱𐌾𐌰 (arbja)


Audarīks

Audarīks (nominative singular)
Audarīk (singular vocative)
Audarīkų (accusative singular)
Audarīkiz (genitive singular)
Audarīki (dative singular)
Audarīkē (instrumental singular)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *Audarīk
Old English: Ēadrīc
English: Edrick, Edric
Old High German: Ōtrih, Ōtric, Ōtrich

Old Norse: Auðríkr

From *audaz (“wealth, riches”) + *rīks (“king, ruler”).


friþōną

friþō (active first-person indicative singular)
friþǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
friþōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
friþōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
friþōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
friþō (active imperative second-person singular)
friþōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
friþōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
friþōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
friþō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
friþōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
friþōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
friþōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
friþōs (active dual first-person indicative)
friþōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
friþōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
friþōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
friþōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
friþōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
friþōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
friþōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
friþōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
friþōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
friþōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
friþōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
friþōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
friþōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
friþōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
friþōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
friþōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
friþōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
friþōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
friþōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
friþōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
friþōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
friþōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
friþōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
friþōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
friþōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
friþōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
friþōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
friþōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
friþōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
friþōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
friþōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
friþōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
friþōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
friþōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
friþōndz (active participle present)
friþōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *friþōn
Old English: friþian, freoþian; friðian — edh spelling
Middle English: frithen, ffryþe, frethen, frythen, fyrthe, vreþie; friðen, friþian, fruðien
Scots: freeth
Old Frisian: frethia, frithia
Old Saxon: *frithōn
Middle Low German: vreden
Old Dutch: *frithon
Middle Dutch: vreden; (bevreden, vredigen)
Dutch: vreden; (bevreden, vredigen, bevredigen)
(Afrikaans: bevredig)
Old High German: fridon
Middle High German: vriden
German: frieden

Old Norse: friða

Icelandic: friða

Old Swedish: friþa

Swedish: freda

desc

Gothic: *𐍆𐍂𐌹𐌸𐍉𐌽 (*friþōn), 𐌲𐌰𐍆𐍂𐌹𐌸𐍉𐌽 (gafriþōn)

/ˈɸri.θɔː.nɑ̃/


wihslaz

wihslaz (nominative singular)
wihslōz (nominative plural)
wihslōs (nominative plural)
wihsl (singular vocative)
wihslōz (plural vocative)
wihslōs (plural vocative)
wihslą (accusative singular)
wihslanz (accusative plural)
wihslas (genitive singular)
wihslis (genitive singular)
wihslǫ̂ (genitive plural)
wihslai (dative singular)
wihslamaz (dative plural)
wihslō (instrumental singular)
wihslamiz (instrumental plural)

Old English: wrixl f, wrixle n

Old Frisian: wixle wixele

Saterland Frisian: Wiksel

West Frisian: wiksel, wissel

Old Saxon: *wehsal, *wesl

Middle Low German: wessele, wesle

German Low German: Wessel

Old Dutch: *wehsel, *wihsil

Middle Dutch: wessel, wixel, wissele, wissel

Dutch: wissel
→ Indonesian: wesel

Old High German: wehsal

Middle High German: wëhsel

German: Wechsel

→ Russian: ве́ксель (vékselʹ)

Luxembourgish: Wiessel

Old Norse: víxl

Icelandic: víxl

Norwegian: veksel (likely borrowed from German)

Swedish: växel

Danish: veksel (possibly borrowed from German)

From Proto-Indo-European *weyk-, *weyḱ- (“to change”) or maybe from Proto-Indo-European *weyk-, *weyg- (“to wind, bend”, literally “the act of yielding”).
Related to Latin vicis (“change”), Sanskrit विष्टी (viṣṭī, “changeable, changing”), and maybe to Proto-Germanic *wikǭ (“week”) and Proto-Germanic *wīkwaną (“to yield, to fold”).


frijahalsaz

frijahalsaz (nominative singular)
frijahalsōz (nominative plural)
frijahalsōs (nominative plural)
frijahals (singular vocative)
frijahalsōz (plural vocative)
frijahalsōs (plural vocative)
frijahalsą (accusative singular)
frijahalsanz (accusative plural)
frijahalsas (genitive singular)
frijahalsis (genitive singular)
frijahalsǫ̂ (genitive plural)
frijahalsai (dative singular)
frijahalsamaz (dative plural)
frijahalsō (instrumental singular)
frijahalsamiz (instrumental plural)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *frijahals
Old English: frēols
Middle English: freols
Old High German: frīhals
Middle High German: vrīhals

Gothic: 𐍆𐍂𐌴𐌹𐌷𐌰𐌻𐍃 (freihals)

From *frijaz (“free”) + *halsaz (“neck”).

freedom, liberty, the state of not being constrained or imprisoned