galaubijaną

galaubijō (active first-person indicative singular)
galaubijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
galaubijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
galaubīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
galaubijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
galaubī (active imperative second-person singular)
galaubijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
galaubijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
galaubīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
galaubijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
galaubijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
galaubijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
galaubijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
galaubijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
galaubijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
galaubijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
galaubijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
galaubijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
galaubijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
galaubijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
galaubijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
galaubijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
galaubīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
galaubijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
galaubīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
galaubijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
galaubijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
galaubijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
galaubijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
galaubijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
galaubijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
galaubijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
galaubidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
galaubidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
galaubidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
galaubidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
galaubidē (active indicative singular third-person)
galaubidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
galaubidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
galaubidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
galaubidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
galaubidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
galaubidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
galaubidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
galaubidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
galaubidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
galaubidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
galaubidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
galaubijandz (active participle present)
galaubidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *galaubijan
Old English: ġelīefan, ġelȳfan — Late West Saxon; ġelēfan — Anglian
Middle English: ȝeleven, yleven, ileven
Old Frisian: lēva
Saterland Frisian: leeuwe
West Frisian: liuwa, lyowa
Old Saxon: gilōvian
Middle Low German: gelôven
German Low German: glöven, löven
Plautdietsch: jleewe
Old Dutch: gilōven
Middle Dutch: gelôven
Dutch: geloven
Afrikaans: glo
Berbice Creole Dutch: glofu
Javindo: gelofen
Jersey Dutch: xjelôve
Negerhollands: geloof, gloof
Limburgish: geluive
Old High German: gilouben
Middle High German: gelouben, gelöuben
Central Franconian: jläuve, jlööve, gleewe, glaawe
Luxembourgish: gleewen
Hunsrik: glaave
Cimbrian: klóoban
German: glauben, (obsolete) gläuben
Yiddish: גלייבן (gleybn)

Old Norse: *gleyfa, leyfa
Icelandic: leyfa
Faroese: loyva
Norwegian Nynorsk: løyva
→ Norwegian Bokmål: løyve

Gothic: 𐌲𐌰𐌻𐌰𐌿𐌱𐌾𐌰𐌽 (galaubjan)


sebô

sebô (nominative singular)
sebaniz (nominative plural)
sebô (singular vocative)
sebaniz (plural vocative)
sebanų (accusative singular)
sebanunz (accusative plural)
sibiniz (genitive singular)
sebanǫ̂ (genitive plural)
sibini (dative singular)
sebammaz (dative plural)
sibinē (instrumental singular)
sebammiz (instrumental plural)

Proto-West Germanic: *sebō

Old English: sefa, seofa

Old Saxon: sevo

Old Dutch: *sevo

Middle Dutch: seve

Dutch: seef, sèèf (dialectal)

West Flemish: seve, seef, zeve, zeef

>? Old High German: *sebo

⇒ Old High German: intsebida, insebida

Old Norse: sefi

Icelandic: sefi

From Proto-Indo-European *sep- (“to taste, test, try out”). Cognate with Latin sapiō (“to smack, taste, savour, have sense, discern”), Ancient Greek σοφός (sophós, “wise, clever”).


hailisōną

hailisō (active first-person indicative singular)
hailisǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
hailisōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
hailisōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
hailisōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
hailisō (active imperative second-person singular)
hailisōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
hailisōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
hailisōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
hailisō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
hailisōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
hailisōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
hailisōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
hailisōs (active dual first-person indicative)
hailisōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
hailisōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
hailisōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
hailisōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
hailisōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
hailisōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
hailisōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
hailisōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
hailisōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
hailisōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
hailisōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
hailisōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
hailisōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
hailisōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
hailisōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
hailisōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
hailisōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
hailisōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
hailisōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
hailisōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
hailisōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
hailisōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
hailisōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
hailisōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
hailisōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
hailisōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
hailisōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
hailisōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
hailisōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
hailisōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
hailisōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
hailisōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
hailisōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
hailisōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
hailisōndz (active participle present)
hailisōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *hailisōn

desc

Old English: hālsian, *hǣlsian, hēalsian

desctree

Middle English: halsen, hals, halse, halsi, halsiȝe, halsien, halsow
English: halse
Middle Scots: hals, halse
Yola: hawlse

Old High German: heilisōn

Middle High German: heilsen

Old Norse: heilsa
Icelandic: heilsa
Faroese: heilsa
Norwegian Nynorsk: helse, helsa, heilsa
Norwegian Bokmål: helse
Old Swedish: hēlsa, hælsa
Swedish: hälsa
Old Danish: helsæ
Danish: helsen
Scanian: hælsa
→ Middle English: hailsen, haylsen
English: hailse
Scots: hailse, helse


wlispaz

*wlispaz (a-stem)

wlispaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
wlispai (masculine nominative plural strong)
wlispō (feminine nominative singular strong)
wlispôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
wlispą (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
wlispō (neuter nominative plural strong)
wlispanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
wlispanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
wlispǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
wlispōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
wlispą (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
wlispō (accusative neuter plural strong)
wlispas (genitive masculine singular strong)
-is (genitive masculine singular strong)
wlispaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
wlispaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
wlispaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
wlispas (genitive neuter singular strong)
-is (genitive neuter singular strong)
wlispaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
wlispammai (dative masculine singular strong)
wlispaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
wlispaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
wlispaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
wlispammai (dative neuter singular strong)
wlispaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
wlispanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
wlispaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
wlispaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
wlispaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
wlispanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
wlispaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
wlispô (masculine nominative singular weak)
wlispaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
wlispǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
wlispōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
wlispô (neuter nominative singular weak)
wlispōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
wlispanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
wlispanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
wlispōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
wlispōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
wlispô (accusative neuter singular weak)
wlispōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
wlispiniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
wlispanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
wlispōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
wlispōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
wlispiniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
wlispanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
wlispini (dative masculine singular weak)
wlispammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
wlispōni (dative feminine singular weak)
wlispōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
wlispini (dative neuter singular weak)
wlispammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
wlispinē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
wlispammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
wlispōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
wlispōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
wlispinē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
wlispammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

Proto-West Germanic: *wlisp

Old English: wlisp, wlips

Middle English: wlisp, wlipse, lipse

English: lisp

Old Saxon: *wlisp

Middle Low German: *wlisp, *lisp

desc

⇒ Middle Low German: wlispich, lispich (adj)

⇒ Old Saxon: wlisp (adj)

Old Dutch: *wlisp, *lisp

Middle Dutch: lisp

Old High German: lisp

Old Norse:

Old Swedish: læsper

Swedish: läsp

Norwegian:

Norwegian Bokmål: lesp

Norwegian Nynorsk: lesp

Old Danish:

Danish: læsp

From Proto-Indo-European *wlis-, *wleys- (“rod”), from *wel- (“to roll”).


slaiwaz

Brill Publishers
Germanic parent language

*slaiwaz (a-stem)

slaiwaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
slaiwai (masculine nominative plural strong)
slaiwō (feminine nominative singular strong)
slaiwôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
slaiwą (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
slaiwō (neuter nominative plural strong)
slaiwanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
slaiwanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
slaiwǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
slaiwōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
slaiwą (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
slaiwō (accusative neuter plural strong)
slaiwas (genitive masculine singular strong)
-is (genitive masculine singular strong)
slaiwaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
slaiwaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
slaiwaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
slaiwas (genitive neuter singular strong)
-is (genitive neuter singular strong)
slaiwaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
slaiwammai (dative masculine singular strong)
slaiwaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
slaiwaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
slaiwaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
slaiwammai (dative neuter singular strong)
slaiwaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
slaiwanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
slaiwaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
slaiwaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
slaiwaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
slaiwanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
slaiwaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
slaiwô (masculine nominative singular weak)
slaiwaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
slaiwǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
slaiwōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
slaiwô (neuter nominative singular weak)
slaiwōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
slaiwanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
slaiwanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
slaiwōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
slaiwōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
slaiwô (accusative neuter singular weak)
slaiwōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
slaiwiniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
slaiwanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
slaiwōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
slaiwōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
slaiwiniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
slaiwanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
slaiwini (dative masculine singular weak)
slaiwammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
slaiwōni (dative feminine singular weak)
slaiwōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
slaiwini (dative neuter singular weak)
slaiwammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
slaiwinē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
slaiwammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
slaiwōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
slaiwōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
slaiwinē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
slaiwammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

Proto-West Germanic: *slaiw

desctree

Old English: slāw, slǣw, slēaw
Middle English: slaw, slow
English: slow
Geordie English: slaw
Scots: slaw

Old Frisian: *slāw, *slāu

West Frisian: sleau

Old Saxon: *slēw, slēu

Middle Low German: sleu, slē

Dutch Low Saxon: slee

Westphalian:

Westmünsterländisch: schlee

Old Dutch: *slēw

Middle Dutch: sleew, sleeu, slee

Dutch: sleeuw, slee

Old High German: slēo

Middle High German: slē

German: schlehe, schleh; schlēch, schlö (“dull, blunt”; dialectal)

Swabian: schlēw

Old Norse: sljór, sljár, slær

Icelandic: sljór, sljár, slær

Norwegian Nynorsk: sljo, slø

Old Swedish: sliōr

Swedish: slö

Old Danish: sliø̄

Danish: sløv (influenced by sløv < ON slǿgr)

Norwegian Bokmål: sløv

Uncertain. Expected to reflect either pre-Germanic *sloy(H)-wo-s or *slo/aH-i-wo-s. Kroonen prefers the former, tentatively comparing Sanskrit स्रीव्यति (srī́vyati, “to turn out badly, fail”) for Proto-Indo-European *sliH-u-. For the latter, compare Ancient Greek λαιός (laiós, “left (side); awkward”), Latin laevus, Proto-Slavic *lěvъ (“left”) (originally meaning *“askew”?), but the semantic connection is weak. Kroonen rejects this along with any relation to Ancient Greek λίαρος (líaros, “mild”).


klumpô

klumpô (nominative singular)
klumpaniz (nominative plural)
klumpô (singular vocative)
klumpaniz (plural vocative)
klumpanų (accusative singular)
klumpanunz (accusative plural)
klumpiniz (genitive singular)
klumpanǫ̂ (genitive plural)
klumpini (dative singular)
klumpammaz (dative plural)
klumpinē (instrumental singular)
klumpammiz (instrumental plural)

Old English: *clympe; clympre, clymppe

Middle English: clompe, clymppan (pl.)

English: clump

Scots: clump

Old Frisian: klumpa

Saterland Frisian: Klump

West Frisian: klomp

Old Saxon: *klumpo

Middle Low German: klumpe

German Low German: Klumpe, Klump

Low German: Klump

→ Old Swedish: klumper

Swedish: klump

Old Dutch: *klumpo

Middle Dutch: clompe, klompe

desctree

Dutch: klomp
Afrikaans: klomp
Berbice Creole Dutch: klumpu
Negerhollands: klomp, klump
→ English: klomp, clomp
→ Papiamentu: klòmpi, klompi, klòmp
→ Sranan Tongo: klompu

Old High German: *klumpo (Central German)

Middle High German: *klumpe (attested 15th c.)

German: Klumpen (reinforced by Low German)

Hunsrik: Klumpe

From Proto-Indo-European *glembʰ- (“clasp; mass”), from *gel- (“form into a ball; ball”).


wargiþō

wargiþō (nominative singular)
wargiþôz (nominative plural)
wargiþō (singular vocative)
wargiþôz (plural vocative)
wargiþǭ (accusative singular)
wargiþōz (accusative plural)
wargiþōz (genitive singular)
wargiþǫ̂ (genitive plural)
wargiþōi (dative singular)
wargiþōmaz (dative plural)
wargiþō (instrumental singular)
wargiþōmiz (instrumental plural)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *wargiþu
Old English: wiergþu, wyrgþu

Gothic: 𐍅𐌰𐍂𐌲𐌹𐌸𐌰 (wargiþa)


wargijaną

wargijō (active first-person indicative singular)
wargijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
wargijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
wargīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
wargijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
wargī (active imperative second-person singular)
wargijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
wargijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
wargīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
wargijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
wargijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
wargijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
wargijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
wargijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
wargijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
wargijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
wargijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
wargijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
wargijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
wargijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
wargijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
wargijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
wargīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
wargijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
wargīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
wargijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
wargijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
wargijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
wargijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
wargijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
wargijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
wargijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
wargidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
wargidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
wargidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
wargidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
wargidē (active indicative singular third-person)
wargidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
wargidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
wargidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
wargidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
wargidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
wargidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
wargidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
wargidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
wargidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
wargidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
wargidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
wargijandz (active participle present)
wargidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *wargijan
Old English: wierġan, werġian, wirġean
Middle English: werȝen, werien, warien, warrien
English: warry
Old Saxon: wargian
⇒ Old High German: furwergen

Gothic: *𐍅𐌰𐍂𐌲𐌾𐌰𐌽 (*wargjan) (in 𐌲𐌰𐍅𐌰𐍂𐌲𐌾𐌰𐌽 (gawargjan))


leugō

leugō (nominative singular)
leugôz (nominative plural)
leugō (singular vocative)
leugôz (plural vocative)
leugǭ (accusative singular)
leugōz (accusative plural)
leugōz (genitive singular)
leugǫ̂ (genitive plural)
leugōi (dative singular)
leugōmaz (dative plural)
leugō (instrumental singular)
leugōmiz (instrumental plural)

Gothic: 𐌻𐌹𐌿𐌲𐌰 (liuga)

From Pre-Germanic *(h₂)lewgʰeh₂, from either Proto-Indo-European *lewgʰ- or *h₂lewgʰ- ("to bind by oath"). Related to Proto-Celtic *lugiyom, Old Irish luige (“oath”).

marriage, arrangement; a binding by oath


kampô

kampô (nominative singular)
kampaniz (nominative plural)
kampô (singular vocative)
kampaniz (plural vocative)
kampanų (accusative singular)
kampanunz (accusative plural)
kampiniz (genitive singular)
kampanǫ̂ (genitive plural)
kampini (dative singular)
kampammaz (dative plural)
kampinē (instrumental singular)
kampammiz (instrumental plural)

Old Frisian: kampa

Old Saxon: *kampo

Middle Low German: kampe

Old Dutch: *kampo

Middle Dutch: campe

Old Norse: kappi

Icelandic: kappi

Faroese: kappi

Swedish: kappe (reborrowed)

Danish: kappe (reborrowed)


kambijaną

kambijō (active first-person indicative singular)
kambijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
kambijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
kambīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
kambijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
kambī (active imperative second-person singular)
kambijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
kambijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
kambīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
kambijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
kambijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
kambijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
kambijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
kambijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
kambijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
kambijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
kambijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
kambijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
kambijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
kambijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
kambijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
kambijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
kambīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
kambijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
kambīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
kambijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
kambijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
kambijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
kambijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
kambijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
kambijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
kambijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
kambidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
kambidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
kambidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
kambidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
kambidē (active indicative singular third-person)
kambidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
kambidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
kambidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
kambidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
kambidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
kambidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
kambidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
kambidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
kambidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
kambidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
kambidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
kambijandz (active participle present)
kambidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *kambijan
Old English: cemban
Middle English: kemben
Scots: kem, keme
English: kemb; unkempt
Old Frisian: *kemba
Saterland Frisian: keeme
West Frisian: kjimme
Old Saxon: kembian
Middle Low German: kemben, kemmen
German Low German: kämmen
Low German: keimen
Plautdietsch: kjamen
Old Dutch: *kemben
Middle Dutch: kemmen, kemben
Dutch: kemmen
Limburgish: keimbe, keime
Old High German: kemben, chemben, chempen
Middle High German: kemben, kemmen
German: kämmen
Hunsrik: kemme
Luxembourgish: kämmen
Vilamovian: kemma

Old Norse: kemba
Icelandic: kemba
Faroese: kemba
Norwegian Nynorsk: kjemba, kjemma
Old Swedish: kæmba
Swedish: kämma (replaced by kamma)
Danish: kjæmme, kæmme
Norwegian Bokmål: kjemme


salwaz

*salwaz (a-stem)

salwaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
salwai (masculine nominative plural strong)
salwō (feminine nominative singular strong)
salwôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
salwą (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
salwō (neuter nominative plural strong)
salwanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
salwanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
salwǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
salwōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
salwą (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
salwō (accusative neuter plural strong)
salwas (genitive masculine singular strong)
-is (genitive masculine singular strong)
salwaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
salwaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
salwaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
salwas (genitive neuter singular strong)
-is (genitive neuter singular strong)
salwaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
salwammai (dative masculine singular strong)
salwaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
salwaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
salwaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
salwammai (dative neuter singular strong)
salwaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
salwanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
salwaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
salwaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
salwaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
salwanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
salwaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
salwô (masculine nominative singular weak)
salwaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
salwǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
salwōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
salwô (neuter nominative singular weak)
salwōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
salwanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
salwanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
salwōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
salwōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
salwô (accusative neuter singular weak)
salwōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
salwiniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
salwanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
salwōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
salwōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
salwiniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
salwanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
salwini (dative masculine singular weak)
salwammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
salwōni (dative feminine singular weak)
salwōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
salwini (dative neuter singular weak)
salwammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
salwinē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
salwammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
salwōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
salwōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
salwinē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
salwammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

Proto-West Germanic: *salu
Old English: salu, sealu
Middle English: salwe, salow
English: sallow
Scots: chauve
Old Saxon: *salo
⇒ Old Saxon: *salowig, *saluwig
Middle Low German: salich
Old Dutch: *salu
Middle Dutch: salu, saluwe
Dutch: zaluw
Old High German: salo
Middle High German: sale, sal
German: sal, sahl (dialectal)
→ Vulgar Latin: *salvus, *sala
Old French: sale
Middle French: sale
French: sale
Norman: sale (Guernésiais), sale (Jèrriais)
Italian: salvo

Old Norse: sǫlr

Icelandic: sölur

Norwegian: sal

→? Proto-Finnic: *halpa (see there for further descendants)

From Proto-Indo-European *solwós (“grey, sallow”). Cognate with Proto-Slavic *solvъ (“yellowish-gray”).


swait-

swaitaz (nominative singular)
swaitōz (nominative plural)
swaitōs (nominative plural)
swait (singular vocative)
swaitōz (plural vocative)
swaitōs (plural vocative)
swaitą (accusative singular)
swaitanz (accusative plural)
swaitas (genitive singular)
swaitis (genitive singular)
swaitǫ̂ (genitive plural)
swaitai (dative singular)
swaitamaz (dative plural)
swaitō (instrumental singular)
swaitamiz (instrumental plural)
swaitą (nominative singular)
swaitō (nominative plural)
swaitą (singular vocative)
swaitō (plural vocative)
swaitą (accusative singular)
swaitō (accusative plural)
swaitas (genitive singular)
swaitis (genitive singular)
swaitǫ̂ (genitive plural)
swaitai (dative singular)
swaitamaz (dative plural)
swaitō (instrumental singular)
swaitamiz (instrumental plural)
swaitô (nominative singular)
swaitaniz (nominative plural)
swaitô (singular vocative)
swaitaniz (plural vocative)
swaitanų (accusative singular)
swaitanunz (accusative plural)
swaitiniz (genitive singular)
swaitanǫ̂ (genitive plural)
swaitini (dative singular)
swaitammaz (dative plural)
swaitinē (instrumental singular)
swaitammiz (instrumental plural)

Old English: swāt (< *swaitą)

desc

Middle English: swate, swote, swot, swete, swet (< under influence from the verb)

Scots: swate, swait, swete, sweit

English: sweat

→ Esperanto: ŝvito

English: swot

Old Frisian: swēt (< *swaitaz)

North Frisian: swiet

Saterland Frisian: Sweet n

West Frisian: swit

Old Saxon: swēt

Middle Low German: swēt

German Low German: Sweet

Old Dutch: *swēt

desctree

Middle Dutch: swêet
Dutch: zweet
Limburgish: zweit

Old High German: sweiz (< *swaitaz)

Middle High German: sweiz

German: Schweiß

Luxembourgish: Schweess

Vilamovian: śwaas

Old Norse: sveiti (< *swaitô)
Icelandic: sveiti, sviti
Faroese: sveiti, sveitti
Norwegian Nynorsk: sveite, sveitte
Norwegian Bokmål: svette
Old Swedish: svēter, svetter; svēte
Swedish: svett
Danish: sved

From Pre-Germanic *swoydo-, from Proto-Indo-European *sweyd- (“to sweat”).


kumblą

kumblą (nominative singular)
kumblō (nominative plural)
kumblą (singular vocative)
kumblō (plural vocative)
kumblą (accusative singular)
kumblō (accusative plural)
kumblas (genitive singular)
kumblis (genitive singular)
kumblǫ̂ (genitive plural)
kumblai (dative singular)
kumblamaz (dative plural)
kumblō (instrumental singular)
kumblamiz (instrumental plural)

Proto-West Germanic: *kumbl

Old English: cumbl, cumbol, cumbor

Old Saxon: kumbl, kumbal

Old High German: *cumpal, *kumbal; kumbara, kumbarra f

desc

⇒ Old High German: cumpalporo, kumbalboro

desctree

Old Norse: kumbl, kuml, kubl; ᚴᚢᛘᛒᛚ (kumbl), ᚴᚢᛘᛚ (kuml), ᚴᚢᛒᛚ (kubl) — runic
Icelandic: kuml
Old Swedish: kumbel
Swedish: kummel
→ Finnish: kummeli


seudaz

seudaz (nominative singular)
seudōz (nominative plural)
seudōs (nominative plural)
seud (singular vocative)
seudōz (plural vocative)
seudōs (plural vocative)
seudą (accusative singular)
seudanz (accusative plural)
seudas (genitive singular)
siudis (genitive singular)
seudǫ̂ (genitive plural)
siudai (dative singular)
seudamaz (dative plural)
seudō (instrumental singular)
seudamiz (instrumental plural)

Old English: sēod; āsēodan

Middle English: seode

(Old High German: *siuwet)

(Middle High German: siuwet, siut m)

Old Norse: sjóðr

Icelandic: sjóður

Old Swedish: siūþer

From Proto-Indo-European *syuh₁- (“to sew”).


sadulaz

sadulaz (nominative singular)
sadulōz (nominative plural)
sadulōs (nominative plural)
sadul (singular vocative)
sadulōz (plural vocative)
sadulōs (plural vocative)
sadulą (accusative singular)
sadulanz (accusative plural)
sadulas (genitive singular)
sadulis (genitive singular)
sadulǫ̂ (genitive plural)
sadulai (dative singular)
sadulamaz (dative plural)
sadulō (instrumental singular)
sadulamiz (instrumental plural)

Proto-West Germanic: *sadul
Old English: sadol, sadel, sadul
Middle English: sadel, sadul, sadyl, saddyll, sadyll, sadil, sadill, sadle
English: saddle
→ Chichewa: sadulo
Scots: saddle, saidle
Old Frisian: sadel, sāl
Saterland Frisian: Soadel
West Frisian: seal
Old Saxon: sadul (in compounds)
Middle Low German: sadel
German Low German: Sadel
Plautdietsch: Sodel
Old Dutch: *sadul, sadal (in placenames)
Middle Dutch: sādel
Dutch: zadel
Afrikaans: saal
Negerhollands: saddel, saël, sael, sal
→ Caribbean Javanese: sadhel
→ Indonesian: sadel
Old High German: satul, satil
Middle High German: satel
German: Sattel
Luxembourgish: Suedel

Old Norse: sǫðull

Icelandic: söðull

Faroese: saðil

Norn: sedel

Norwegian Nynorsk: sal

Norwegian Bokmål: sal, sadel

Old Swedish: saþul

Swedish: sadel

Old Danish: sathæl

Danish: sadel

Gutnish: sadel, sadl, sal, sadul

→ Proto-Finnic: *satula (see there for further descendants)

Possibly from Proto-Indo-European *sod-dʰlo-, from *sed- (“to sit”) + *-dʰlom (a variant of *-trom (suffix forming nouns denoting instruments or tools)). Cognate with Latin sella (“saddle”).


skrattuz

skrattuz (nominative singular)
skrattiwiz (nominative plural)
skrattu (singular vocative)
skrattiwiz (plural vocative)
skrattų (accusative singular)
skrattunz (accusative plural)
skrattauz (genitive singular)
skrattiwǫ̂ (genitive plural)
skrattiwi (dative singular)
skrattumaz (dative plural)
skrattū (instrumental singular)
skrattumiz (instrumental plural)

Old English: *scrætt, scrætte; scritta

Middle English: scrat, skratt, scratte

English: scrat

⇒ English: Old Scratch

Scots: scrat, skratt

Old Dutch: *scrat; *scrado

Middle Dutch: schrat, schrad

Old High German: scraz, scrāz, scraaz; scrato

→ Czech: skřet

desc

Middle High German: schraz, schrāz, schrez; schrazze; schrate, schrat

German: Schrätz; Schrat; scharren; kratzen

→ Polish: skrzat

→ Slovene: škrat

Old Norse: *skrettr; skratti

Icelandic: skratti

Swedish: skret; skratte, skrate, skrat

→ English: skratte

From Proto-Indo-European *(s)ker- (“to shrink, wither, dry out, crinkle, wrimple”).


snidaz

snidaz (nominative singular)
snidōz (nominative plural)
snidōs (nominative plural)
snid (singular vocative)
snidōz (plural vocative)
snidōs (plural vocative)
snidą (accusative singular)
snidanz (accusative plural)
snidas (genitive singular)
snidis (genitive singular)
snidǫ̂ (genitive plural)
snidai (dative singular)
snidamaz (dative plural)
snidō (instrumental singular)
snidamiz (instrumental plural)

Proto-West Germanic: *snid

Old English: snid n

Middle English: snid

⇒ Old English: ġesnid

Old Saxon: *snid

Old Saxon: insnid m

Middle Low German: insnede, insnēde

Old High German: *snit

⇒ Old High German: insnit m

Middle High German: *īnsnit

German: Einschnitt

Old Norse: snið n

Icelandic: snið

Faroese: snið

Norwegian: snid (dialectal)

Swedish: sned (dialectal)

Old Danish: snid, sned

→ Middle English: snith

From Proto-Indo-European *sneyt- (“to cut”).


klautaz

klautaz (nominative singular)
klautōz (nominative plural)
klautōs (nominative plural)
klaut (singular vocative)
klautōz (plural vocative)
klautōs (plural vocative)
klautą (accusative singular)
klautanz (accusative plural)
klautas (genitive singular)
klautis (genitive singular)
klautǫ̂ (genitive plural)
klautai (dative singular)
klautamaz (dative plural)
klautō (instrumental singular)
klautamiz (instrumental plural)

Old English: *clēat, clēot

Middle English: clete, clyte, clote

Scots: clat, clete, clett, claitt; cloot, clute, cluit, clitt

English: cleat; clate

Old Frisian: klāt

(Saterland Frisian: Klüüte?)

West Frisian: kleat

Old Saxon: *klōt

Middle Low German: klôt m

German Low German: Kloot

→ German: Klöten

→ Old Norse: klót n

Icelandic: klót n

Norwegian: klot n, klode m

Swedish: klot n

Danish: klode n

Old Dutch: *klout, *klōt

Middle Dutch: cloet, cloot

Dutch: kloot

→ West Frisian: kloat

Old High German: klōz, chlōz

Middle High German: klōz

German: Kloß

→ Polish: kluska

Hunsrik: Klos

From Proto-Indo-European *glowdos (“clump, clod”), from *gel- (“to ball up; amass”).


kumbaz

kumbaz (nominative singular)
kumbōz (nominative plural)
kumbōs (nominative plural)
kumb (singular vocative)
kumbōz (plural vocative)
kumbōs (plural vocative)
kumbą (accusative singular)
kumbanz (accusative plural)
kumbas (genitive singular)
kumbis (genitive singular)
kumbǫ̂ (genitive plural)
kumbai (dative singular)
kumbamaz (dative plural)
kumbō (instrumental singular)
kumbamiz (instrumental plural)

Old English: cumb, comb

Middle English: *cumb, *comb

Scots: cumb, cum, coom, kim

English: comb, coomb

Old Saxon: *kumb; *kumba

Middle Low German: kump; kumme

Low German: Kump, Kumpen

→ German: Kump, Kumpen

→ Hunsrik: Kump

Frankish: *kumb; *kump

Old Dutch: *kumb; *kumba

Middle Dutch: combe, comme, com

Dutch: kom; komp (dialectal)

desc

→ Medieval Latin: cumbus, cumpus, cimpus

Old High German: *kumph, *komph, chumph

Middle High German: kumpf, kompf

German: Kumpf; Kumme

Hunsrik: Kump

An ancient Wanderwort found throughout Eurasia. Likely related to Proto-Celtic *kumbā, Proto-Indo-Iranian *kʰumbʰas, Proto-Albanian *tˢumba, Ancient Greek κύμβη (kúmbē).


maginą

maginą (nominative singular)
maginō (nominative plural)
maginą (singular vocative)
maginō (plural vocative)
maginą (accusative singular)
maginō (accusative plural)
maginas (genitive singular)
maginis (genitive singular)
maginǫ̂ (genitive plural)
maginai (dative singular)
maginamaz (dative plural)
maginō (instrumental singular)
maginamiz (instrumental plural)

desctree

Old English: mæġen, mæġn
Middle English: mayn, mæȝan, mægen, mæine, mæȝen, mæin, mæigne, meȝen (Early Middle English); main, maine, mayne, mein, meyn, meyne
English: main
Scots: mayne, mayn, main, mane

Old Saxon: megin

Old Dutch: *megin (in meginkraft)

Old High German: megin, mekin

Old Norse: megin
Icelandic: megin n
Faroese: megin n
Old Swedish: mæghin
Swedish: mägen (obsolete)
Norwegian Nynorsk: megje (obsolete)

From Proto-Indo-European *megʰ- (“to be able”).


wiþrą

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *wiþr
Old English: wiþer
Middle English: wither
English: wither
Scots: wither, quither
Old Frisian: wither
Saterland Frisian: wieder, wier
West Frisian: wider, weer
Old Saxon: withar
Middle Low German: weder, wedder
Low German: wedder
Old Dutch: wither
Middle Dutch: wēder, wēer
Dutch: weder, weer
Old High German: widar
Middle High German: wider
German: wider, wieder
Hunsrik: witter

Old Norse: við, viðr
Icelandic: við, viður
Faroese: við
Norwegian: ved
Elfdalian: wið
Old Swedish: vīþ, viþer
Swedish: vid, veder-
Danish: ved
Old Gutnish: wiþr, wiþ
Icelandic: viður
Faroese: viður
Norwegian Nynorsk: ved, vid
Elfdalian: wið
Old Swedish: viþer, vedher
Swedish: ved
Old Danish: with
Danish: ved
Norwegian Bokmål: ved

Gothic: 𐍅𐌹𐌸𐍂𐌰 (wiþra)

From Proto-Indo-European *wíterom, adverbial accusative of *wíteros, from *wi (“apart”) + *-teros (comparative).


hragilą

hragilą (nominative singular)
hragilō (nominative plural)
hragilą (singular vocative)
hragilō (plural vocative)
hragilą (accusative singular)
hragilō (accusative plural)
hragilas (genitive singular)
hragilis (genitive singular)
hragilǫ̂ (genitive plural)
hragilai (dative singular)
hragilamaz (dative plural)
hragilō (instrumental singular)
hragilamiz (instrumental plural)

Old English: hræġel, hræġl

desc

Middle English: reʒel, reil, rail, raile

Scots: rail; raillie, railly, raillach, raillich

English: rail

Old Frisian: hreil, reil

Old Saxon: hregil

Old High German: hregil

From Proto-Indo-European *krek- (“to beat, weave; web”).


raipaz

raipaz (nominative singular)
raipōz (nominative plural)
raipōs (nominative plural)
raip (singular vocative)
raipōz (plural vocative)
raipōs (plural vocative)
raipą (accusative singular)
raipanz (accusative plural)
raipas (genitive singular)
raipis (genitive singular)
raipǫ̂ (genitive plural)
raipai (dative singular)
raipamaz (dative plural)
raipō (instrumental singular)
raipamiz (instrumental plural)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *raip
Old English: rāp
Middle English: rop, rap, rope, roop, roope
English: rope, roap, roape
→ Irish: rópa
Tok Pisin: rop
Scots: raip
→ Old French: rap
Old Frisian: rāp, *rēp
North Frisian:
Föhr-Amrum: riap
Halligen: reep
Mooring: ruup
Wiedingharde: ruup
Saterland Frisian: Roop
West Frisian: reap
Old Saxon: *rēp
Middle Low German: rêp, reep
Low German: Reep
German Low German: Reep
→ German: Reep (chiefly in Reeper and Fallreep)
Old Dutch: rēp
Middle Dutch: rêep
Dutch: reep
Old High German: reif
Middle High German: reif
German: Reif, Reifen
Luxembourgish: Reef

Old Norse: reip n

Icelandic: reip, reipi

Faroese: reip

Norwegian Nynorsk: reip

→ Norwegian Bokmål: reip

Old Swedish: rēp

Swedish: rep

Danish: reb

Norwegian Bokmål: rep

Gothic: *𐍂𐌰𐌹𐍀𐍃 (*raips) (in 𐍃𐌺𐌰𐌿𐌳𐌰𐍂𐌰𐌹𐍀𐍃 (skaudaraips), which may instead be a neuter a-stem: the form is ambiguous)

→ Proto-Finnic: *raippa (see there for further descendants)

From Proto-Indo-European *h₁roypnós (“band, strip, strap”), from *h₁reyp- (“to peel off, rip, tear; strip, strap”).


frakunnaną

frakann (active first-person indicative singular)
frakunnį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
frakannt (active indicative second-person singular)
frakunnīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
frakann (active indicative singular third-person)
frakunnī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
frakunnū (active dual first-person indicative)
frakunnīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
frakunnudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
frakunnīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
frakunnum (active first-person indicative plural)
frakunnīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
frakunnud (active indicative plural second-person)
frakunnīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
frakunnun (active indicative plural third-person)
frakunnīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
frakunþǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
frakunþēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
frakunþēz (active indicative second-person singular)
frakunþēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
frakunþē (active indicative singular third-person)
frakunþēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
frakunþēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
frakunþēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
frakunþēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
frakunþēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
frakunþēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
frakunþēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
frakunþēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
frakunþēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
frakunþēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
frakunþēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
frakunnandz (active participle present)
frakunþaz (active participle past subjunctive)

⇒ Old English: forcūþ (attested only in the past participle); fracoþ, fracod

Middle English: forcouth; fraked

English: fraked

Old High German: farkunnan, firkunnan

Old Norse: fyrirkunna

Icelandic: fyrirkunna

Gothic: 𐍆𐍂𐌰𐌺𐌿𐌽𐌽𐌰𐌽 (frakunnan)


sibjaz

*sibjaz (ja-stem)

sibjaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
sibjai (masculine nominative plural strong)
sibjō (feminine nominative singular strong)
sibjôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
sibją (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
sibjō (neuter nominative plural strong)
sibjanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
sibjanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
sibjǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
sibjōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
sibją (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
sibjō (accusative neuter plural strong)
sibjas (genitive masculine singular strong)
-is (genitive masculine singular strong)
sibjaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
sibjaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
sibjaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
sibjas (genitive neuter singular strong)
-is (genitive neuter singular strong)
sibjaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
sibjammai (dative masculine singular strong)
sibjaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
sibjaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
sibjaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
sibjammai (dative neuter singular strong)
sibjaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
sibjanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
sibjaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
sibjaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
sibjaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
sibjanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
sibjaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
sibjô (masculine nominative singular weak)
sibjaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
sibjǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
sibjōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
sibjô (neuter nominative singular weak)
sibjōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
sibjanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
sibjanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
sibjōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
sibjōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
sibjô (accusative neuter singular weak)
sibjōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
sibiniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
sibjanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
sibjōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
sibjōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
sibiniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
sibjanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
sibini (dative masculine singular weak)
sibjammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
sibjōni (dative feminine singular weak)
sibjōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
sibini (dative neuter singular weak)
sibjammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
sibinē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
sibjammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
sibjōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
sibjōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
sibinē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
sibjammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

Old English: *sibb, feorsibb

Old High German: sibbi, sippi

Gothic: *𐍃𐌹𐌱𐌾𐌹𐍃 (*sibjis) (in 𐌿𐌽𐍃𐌹𐌱𐌾𐌹𐍃 (unsibjis))

Derived from or related to *sibjō (“kinship, friendship”).


sairagaz

*sairagaz (a-stem)

sairagaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
sairagai (masculine nominative plural strong)
sairagō (feminine nominative singular strong)
sairagôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
sairagą (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
sairagō (neuter nominative plural strong)
sairaganǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
sairaganz (accusative masculine plural strong)
sairagǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
sairagōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
sairagą (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
sairagō (accusative neuter plural strong)
sairagas (genitive masculine singular strong)
-is (genitive masculine singular strong)
sairagaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
sairagaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
sairagaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
sairagas (genitive neuter singular strong)
-is (genitive neuter singular strong)
sairagaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
sairagammai (dative masculine singular strong)
sairagaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
sairagaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
sairagaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
sairagammai (dative neuter singular strong)
sairagaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
sairaganō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
sairagaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
sairagaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
sairagaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
sairaganō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
sairagaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
sairagô (masculine nominative singular weak)
sairaganiz (masculine nominative plural weak)
sairagǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
sairagōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
sairagô (neuter nominative singular weak)
sairagōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
sairaganų (accusative masculine singular weak)
sairaganunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
sairagōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
sairagōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
sairagô (accusative neuter singular weak)
sairagōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
sairaginiz (genitive masculine singular weak)
sairaganǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
sairagōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
sairagōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
sairaginiz (genitive neuter singular weak)
sairaganǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
sairagini (dative masculine singular weak)
sairagammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
sairagōni (dative feminine singular weak)
sairagōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
sairagini (dative neuter singular weak)
sairagammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
sairaginē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
sairagammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
sairagōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
sairagōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
sairaginē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
sairagammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *sairag, *sairīg
Old English: *sāreġ, sāriġ, soriġ
Middle English: sari, sory
Scots: sary, sairie
English: sorry
→ Dutch: sorry
→ German: sorry
Old Frisian: sērich, *sārich
Saterland Frisian: seerich
West Frisian: searich
Old Saxon: sērag
Middle Low German: sêrich
Low German: serig
Old Dutch: *sērag
Middle Dutch: sērich, seerigh
Dutch: zerig
Old High German: sērag
Middle High German: sērec, sērig
German: sehrig, sērich (dialectal)

Old Norse: *sáragr

Swedish: sårig

Gutnish: sarugur

From *sairą + *-gaz and/or *sairaz + *-gaz.


mōraz

mōraz (nominative singular)
mōrōz (nominative plural)
mōrōs (nominative plural)
mōr (singular vocative)
mōrōz (plural vocative)
mōrōs (plural vocative)
mōrą (accusative singular)
mōranz (accusative plural)
mōras (genitive singular)
mōris (genitive singular)
mōrǫ̂ (genitive plural)
mōrai (dative singular)
mōramaz (dative plural)
mōrō (instrumental singular)
mōramiz (instrumental plural)

Proto-West Germanic: *mōr
Old English: mōr
Middle English: mor, more, moer
English: moor
Scots: muir
Yola: mor
Old Frisian: mōr
North Frisian: moar, moer
West Frisian: moer
Old Saxon: mōr
Middle Low German: môr, mûr
German Low German: Moor
→ German: Moor
Old Dutch: *mōr
Middle Dutch: moer
Dutch: moer
Old High German: muor
Middle High German: muor
Alemannic German: Nüere
Bavarian: Müer

Old Norse: mǫr, mǿrr, mœrr

Icelandic: mærr

Danish: mor, moor


furai-

Proto-West Germanic: *forē-
Old English: fore-
Middle English: fore-, for-
English: fore-
Old Frisian: fore-
Saterland Frisian: foar-
Old Saxon: fora-
German Low German: vör-
Old High German: fora-
German: vor-

Old Norse: fyrir-, fyr-, for-

Gothic: 𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌰- (faura-)

From the preposition and adverb *furai (“before”).


furi-

Proto-West Germanic: *furi-
Old English: for-, fer-, fær-, fier-
Middle English: for-, far-, fer-, vor-
English: for-
Scots: for-
Old Frisian: for-
Old Saxon: far-
Middle Low German: ver-
Old Dutch: far-
Middle Dutch: ver-
Dutch: ver-
Old High German: fir-, far-, for-

Old Norse: fyrir-

Gothic: 𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂- (faur-)

From the preposition and adverb *furi (“for, in front”).


furaiganganą

furaigangō (active first-person indicative singular)
furaigangaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
furaigangai (first-person indicative passive singular)
furaigangizi (active indicative second-person singular)
furaigangaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
furaigang (active imperative second-person singular)
furaigangazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
furaigangaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
furaigangidi (active indicative singular third-person)
furaigangai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
furaigangadau (active imperative singular third-person)
furaigangadai (indicative passive singular third-person)
furaigangaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
furaigangōz (active dual first-person indicative)
furaigangaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
furaigangadiz (active dual indicative second-person)
furaigangaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
furaigangadiz (active dual imperative second-person)
furaigangamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
furaigangaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
furaigangandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
furaigangaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
furaigangid (active indicative plural second-person)
furaigangaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
furaigangid (active imperative plural second-person)
furaigangandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
furaigangaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
furaigangandi (active indicative plural third-person)
furaigangain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
furaigangandau (active imperative plural third-person)
furaigangandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
furaigangaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
furaigegang (active first-person indicative singular)
furaigegangį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
furaigeganht (active indicative second-person singular)
furaigegangīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
furaigegang (active indicative singular third-person)
furaigegangī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
furaigegangū (active dual first-person indicative)
furaigegangīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
furaigegangudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
furaigegangīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
furaigegangum (active first-person indicative plural)
furaigegangīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
furaigegangud (active indicative plural second-person)
furaigegangīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
furaigegangun (active indicative plural third-person)
furaigegangīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
furaigangandz (active participle present)
furaiganganaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Old English: foregangan

Old Saxon: foragangan

Middle Low German: vöregān, vörgangend

Old High German: foragangan

Gothic: 𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌰𐌲𐌰𐌲𐌲𐌰𐌽 (fauragaggan)

/ˌɸu.rɑi̯.ˈɣɑŋ.ɡɑ.nɑ̃/


furaikweþaną

furaikweþō (active first-person indicative singular)
furaikweþaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
furaikweþai (first-person indicative passive singular)
furaikwiþizi (active indicative second-person singular)
furaikweþaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
furaikweþ (active imperative second-person singular)
furaikweþazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
furaikweþaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
furaikwiþidi (active indicative singular third-person)
furaikweþai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
furaikweþadau (active imperative singular third-person)
furaikweþadai (indicative passive singular third-person)
furaikweþaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
furaikweþōz (active dual first-person indicative)
furaikweþaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
furaikweþadiz (active dual indicative second-person)
furaikweþaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
furaikweþadiz (active dual imperative second-person)
furaikweþamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
furaikweþaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
furaikweþandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
furaikweþaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
furaikwiþid (active indicative plural second-person)
furaikweþaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
furaikwiþid (active imperative plural second-person)
furaikweþandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
furaikweþaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
furaikweþandi (active indicative plural third-person)
furaikweþain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
furaikweþandau (active imperative plural third-person)
furaikweþandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
furaikweþaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
furaikwaþ (active first-person indicative singular)
furaikwēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
furaikwast (active indicative second-person singular)
furaikwēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
furaikwaþ (active indicative singular third-person)
furaikwēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
furaikwēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
furaikwēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
furaikwēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
furaikwēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
furaikwēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
furaikwēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
furaikwēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
furaikwēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
furaikwēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
furaikwēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
furaikweþandz (active participle present)
furaikwedanaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Old English: forecweþan

Old High German: foraquedan

Gothic: 𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌰𐌵𐌹𐌸𐌰𐌽 (fauraqiþan)

to foretell, prophesy, predict, say beforehand


sailą

sailą (nominative singular)
sailō (nominative plural)
sailą (singular vocative)
sailō (plural vocative)
sailą (accusative singular)
sailō (accusative plural)
sailas (genitive singular)
sailis (genitive singular)
sailǫ̂ (genitive plural)
sailai (dative singular)
sailamaz (dative plural)
sailō (instrumental singular)
sailamiz (instrumental plural)

Proto-West Germanic: *sail
Old English: sāl
Middle English: sal, sole, soole
Scots: sale, saill, saile, seill, seale
English: sole
Old Frisian: sēl, sēle
Saterland Frisian: Seel
West Frisian: seel
Old Saxon: sēl
Middle Low German: sêl, seil
German Low German: Seel
Old Dutch: *sēl
Middle Dutch: sêel
Dutch: zeel
Old High German: seil
Middle High German: seil
German: Seil
Luxembourgish: Seel

Old Norse: seil

Icelandic: seil

From Proto-Indo-European *sh₂éy-ōl ~ *sh₂i-l-és, from *sh₂ey- (“to bind, fetter”). Cognate with Hittite [script needed] (iš-hi-ia-al, “band”), and possibly Proto-Balto-Slavic *séiˀlāˀ (“soul”).


frakunþaz

*frakunþaz (a-stem)

frakunþaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
frakunþai (masculine nominative plural strong)
frakunþō (feminine nominative singular strong)
frakunþôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
frakunþą (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
frakunþō (neuter nominative plural strong)
frakunþanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
frakunþanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
frakunþǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
frakunþōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
frakunþą (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
frakunþō (accusative neuter plural strong)
frakunþas (genitive masculine singular strong)
-is (genitive masculine singular strong)
frakunþaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
frakunþaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
frakunþaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
frakunþas (genitive neuter singular strong)
-is (genitive neuter singular strong)
frakunþaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
frakunþammai (dative masculine singular strong)
frakunþaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
frakunþaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
frakunþaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
frakunþammai (dative neuter singular strong)
frakunþaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
frakunþanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
frakunþaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
frakunþaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
frakunþaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
frakunþanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
frakunþaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
frakunþô (masculine nominative singular weak)
frakunþaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
frakunþǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
frakunþōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
frakunþô (neuter nominative singular weak)
frakunþōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
frakunþanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
frakunþanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
frakunþōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
frakunþōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
frakunþô (accusative neuter singular weak)
frakunþōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
frakunþiniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
frakunþanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
frakunþōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
frakunþōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
frakunþiniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
frakunþanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
frakunþini (dative masculine singular weak)
frakunþammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
frakunþōni (dative feminine singular weak)
frakunþōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
frakunþini (dative neuter singular weak)
frakunþammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
frakunþinē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
frakunþammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
frakunþōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
frakunþōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
frakunþinē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
frakunþammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

Proto-West Germanic: *frakunþ

Old English: forcūþ, fracoþ, fracod

Middle English: forcouth, fraked

English: fraked; (frakel)

Old Saxon: forkūth

Old Dutch: farkūth, farkunth (attested as 'farkntha')

Gothic: 𐍆𐍂𐌰𐌺𐌿𐌽𐌸𐍃 (frakunþs)

Equivalent to *frakunnaną (“to despise”) + *-þaz, or *fra- + *kunþaz.


smarōną

smarō (active first-person indicative singular)
smarǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
smarōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
smarōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
smarōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
smarō (active imperative second-person singular)
smarōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
smarōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
smarōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
smarō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
smarōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
smarōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
smarōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
smarōs (active dual first-person indicative)
smarōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
smarōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
smarōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
smarōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
smarōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
smarōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
smarōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
smarōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
smarōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
smarōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
smarōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
smarōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
smarōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
smarōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
smarōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
smarōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
smarōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
smarōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
smarōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
smarōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
smarōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
smarōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
smarōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
smarōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
smarōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
smarōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
smarōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
smarōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
smarōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
smarōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
smarōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
smarōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
smarōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
smarōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
smarōndz (active participle present)
smarōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Old English: smerian; bismerian; bismer, bismor; smercian, smearcian

desc

Middle English: bismer, bismar, bysmare, bissemare; smirken

Scots: bismere, bysmer; smirk, smirkle, smerkle

English: bismer; smirk; (besmear)

(Old Frisian: smere)

i

(Saterland Frisian: besmeere (possibly a borrowing from Middle Low German))

(West Frisian: smoar; besmjirkje, besmoarkje)

Old Saxon: *bismerōn; bismer

Middle Low German: besmēren

German Low German: besmeren

Old Dutch: bismeron; bismer

(Middle Dutch: besmeren, besmaren)

(Dutch: besmeren, besmeuren)

Old High German: bismarōn; bismerōn; bismar, bismer; (bismirwen)

Middle High German: smieren; (besmirwen, besmiren)

German: schmieren; (beschmieren)

Uncertain. Perhaps related to *smīlijaną (“to smile”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)mey- (“to laugh”).


frawurkijaną

frawurkijō (active first-person indicative singular)
frawurkijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
frawurkijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
frawurkīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
frawurkijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
frawurkī (active imperative second-person singular)
frawurkijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
frawurkijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
frawurkīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
frawurkijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
frawurkijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
frawurkijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
frawurkijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
frawurkijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
frawurkijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
frawurkijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
frawurkijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
frawurkijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
frawurkijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
frawurkijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
frawurkijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
frawurkijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
frawurkīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
frawurkijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
frawurkīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
frawurkijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
frawurkijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
frawurkijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
frawurkijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
frawurkijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
frawurkijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
frawurkijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
frawurhtǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
frawurhtēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
frawurhtēz (active indicative second-person singular)
frawurhtēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
frawurhtē (active indicative singular third-person)
frawurhtēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
frawurhtēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
frawurhtēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
frawurhtēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
frawurhtēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
frawurhtēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
frawurhtēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
frawurhtēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
frawurhtēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
frawurhtēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
frawurhtēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
frawurkijandz (active participle present)
frawurkidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *frawurkijan
Old English: forwyrcan
Middle English: forwurchen
English: forwork
Old Saxon: farwirkian
Old High German: firwurken

Gothic: 𐍆𐍂𐌰𐍅𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌺𐌾𐌰𐌽 (frawaurkjan)


furibeudaną

furibeudō (active first-person indicative singular)
furibeudaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
furibeudai (first-person indicative passive singular)
furibiudizi (active indicative second-person singular)
furibeudaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
furibeud (active imperative second-person singular)
furibeudazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
furibeudaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
furibiudidi (active indicative singular third-person)
furibeudai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
furibeudadau (active imperative singular third-person)
furibeudadai (indicative passive singular third-person)
furibeudaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
furibeudōz (active dual first-person indicative)
furibeudaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
furibeudadiz (active dual indicative second-person)
furibeudaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
furibeudadiz (active dual imperative second-person)
furibeudamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
furibeudaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
furibeudandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
furibeudaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
furibiudid (active indicative plural second-person)
furibeudaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
furibiudid (active imperative plural second-person)
furibeudandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
furibeudaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
furibeudandi (active indicative plural third-person)
furibeudain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
furibeudandau (active imperative plural third-person)
furibeudandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
furibeudaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
furibaud (active first-person indicative singular)
furibudį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
furibaust (active indicative second-person singular)
furibudīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
furibaud (active indicative singular third-person)
furibudī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
furibudū (active dual first-person indicative)
furibudīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
furibududiz (active dual indicative second-person)
furibudīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
furibudum (active first-person indicative plural)
furibudīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
furibudud (active indicative plural second-person)
furibudīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
furibudun (active indicative plural third-person)
furibudīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
furibeudandz (active participle present)
furibudanaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *furibeudan
Old English: forbēodan
Middle English: forbeoden, forbeden, vorbeoden, verbeode, forboden, forbuden, forbiden, forbidden
English: forbid
Scots: forbede, forbeid, forbid, forbyd
Old Frisian: forbiada
Old Saxon: farbiodan
Middle Low German: vörbēden, vorbēden, vorbeeden, vorbeyden, vorbeiden, vorbīden, verbēden
Low German: vorbeden, verbeden
→ Old Swedish: forbiuþa (or perhaps from Old English)
Swedish: förbjuda
→ Elfdalian: febiuoða
Old Dutch: *farbiodan
Middle Dutch: verbieden
Dutch: verbieden
Limburgish: verbijje
Old High German: firbiotan, furibiotan
Middle High German: verbieten
Cimbrian: borpòotan
German: verbieten
Luxembourgish: verbidden

Old Norse: fyrirbjóða (descendants influenced by Middle Low German)
Icelandic: fyrirbjóða
Norwegian:
Norwegian Bokmål: forby
Norwegian Nynorsk: forby, forbyde, forbyda
Old Danish: forbiudhe
Danish: forbyde
Swedish: förbjuda

Gothic: 𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌱𐌹𐌿𐌳𐌰𐌽 (faurbiudan)

to forbid, prohibit, command against (doing something)


lusą

lusą (nominative singular)
lusō (nominative plural)
lusą (singular vocative)
lusō (plural vocative)
lusą (accusative singular)
lusō (accusative plural)
lusas (genitive singular)
lusis (genitive singular)
lusǫ̂ (genitive plural)
lusai (dative singular)
lusamaz (dative plural)
lusō (instrumental singular)
lusamiz (instrumental plural)

Proto-West Germanic: *los

Old English: los
Middle English: los, lose, losse
English: loss
Scots: los, lose, lois
Yola: lass

⇒ Old English: losian
Middle English: losien, losen
English: lose
Scots: los, lois, lose

Old Norse: los

Icelandic: los

gl

< Proto-Germanic <i class="Latn mention" lang="gem-pro">*lusnōną</i>

⇒ Old Norse: losna (< Proto-Germanic *lusnōną)

Icelandic: losna

Faroese: losna

Norwegian: losna, løsne

Danish: løsne

Swedish: lossna

From Proto-Indo-European *lewHs-, from *lewH- (“to cut; sever; separate; loosen; lose”).


beudaz

beudaz (nominative singular)
beudōz (nominative plural)
beudōs (nominative plural)
beud (singular vocative)
beudōz (plural vocative)
beudōs (plural vocative)
beudą (accusative singular)
beudanz (accusative plural)
beudas (genitive singular)
biudis (genitive singular)
beudǫ̂ (genitive plural)
biudai (dative singular)
beudamaz (dative plural)
beudō (instrumental singular)
beudamiz (instrumental plural)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *beud
Old English: bēod
Middle English: beod, bied
Old Saxon: biod
Old High German: piot, biot
Middle High German: biet
Alemannic German: Biet n
Bavarian: Biete f
→ Late Latin: beodus, beodis, beudus, beotus, obeodus, ibodus

Old Norse: bjóðr

Icelandic: bjóður

Gothic: 𐌱𐌹𐌿𐌸𐍃 (biuþs)

→ Proto-Finnic: *peütä

Finnish: pöytä

→ Proto-Slavic: *bľudo (see there for further descendants)

From Proto-Indo-European *bʰewdʰ- (“to be awake; be alert; be aware”).

der

that upon which something is offered; table


egalaz

egalaz (nominative singular)
egalōz (nominative plural)
egalōs (nominative plural)
egal (singular vocative)
egalōz (plural vocative)
egalōs (plural vocative)
egalą (accusative singular)
egalanz (accusative plural)
egalas (genitive singular)
egalis (genitive singular)
egalǫ̂ (genitive plural)
egalai (dative singular)
egalamaz (dative plural)
egalō (instrumental singular)
egalamiz (instrumental plural)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *egalu f
Old Saxon: egela
Middle Low German: ēgele, ēgel
Old Dutch: *egela
Middle Dutch: ēgele, ēchel
Dutch: echel
Old High German: egala
Middle High German: egel, egele
German: Egel

Old Norse: *iglr

Icelandic: igla

Faroese: igli, igil

Norwegian Bokmål: igle

Swedish: igel

Danish: igler (plural)

Old Norman *igle > Norman Igle-, Ingle-, Ingre- (pond name element)


adalaz

adalaz (nominative singular)
adalōz (nominative plural)
adalōs (nominative plural)
adal (singular vocative)
adalōz (plural vocative)
adalōs (plural vocative)
adalą (accusative singular)
adalanz (accusative plural)
adalas (genitive singular)
adalis (genitive singular)
adalǫ̂ (genitive plural)
adalai (dative singular)
adalamaz (dative plural)
adalō (instrumental singular)
adalamiz (instrumental plural)

Proto-West Germanic: *adal

Old English: adel

Middle English: adel

English: addle

Scots: adill

Old Frisian: *adel, *edel

North Frisian: ethel

Saterland Frisian: Adel

West Frisian: ael, aal

Old Saxon: *adal

desc

Middle Low German: adel, addel, eddel, iddel

Low German: Adel, Addel

Old Dutch: *adal

Middle Dutch: adel, ael, *aald

Dutch: aal, aalt

Old High German: *atal, *adal

Middle High German: *adel

German: Adel

Bavarian: Adel

Old Norse: *aðl

Norwegian: aale (dialectal)

Old Swedish: adel

Swedish: adel, al

Danish: adel, al (dialectal)

Elfdalian: aðel

Unknown. Possibly a substrate origin. Compare Ancient Greek ἄσις (ásis, “slime, mud”).


ribją

ribją (nominative singular)
ribjō (nominative plural)
ribją (singular vocative)
ribjō (plural vocative)
ribją (accusative singular)
ribjō (accusative plural)
ribjas (genitive singular)
ribis (genitive singular)
ribjǫ̂ (genitive plural)
ribjai (dative singular)
ribjamaz (dative plural)
ribjō (instrumental singular)
ribjamiz (instrumental plural)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *ribi
Old English: ribb, rib
Middle English: ribbe, rib
Scots: rib
English: rib
Old Frisian: ribb, rebb, rib, reb
North Frisian: robb, rabb
Saterland Frisian: Ribbe
West Frisian: ribbe
Old Saxon: ribbi
Middle Low German: ribbe, rebbe
German Low German: Ribbe, Ribb
Low German: Ribbe
→ Danish: rib
→ Norwegian: ribbe
→ Swedish: ribba
Old Dutch: *ribbi
Middle Dutch: ribbe, rebbe
Dutch: ribbe, rib
Old High German: ribi, ribbi, rippi; ribba, rippa
Middle High German: ribbe, ribe, rippe
German: Rippe; Riebe (obsolete)
Luxembourgish: Rëpp
Vilamovian: rejw
Yiddish: ריפּ (rip)

Old Norse: rif

Icelandic: rif

Faroese: riv

Norwegian Bokmål: rev

Norwegian Nynorsk: rev

Old Swedish: rif

Swedish: ref, rev; revben

Old Danish: riv, rev

→ Middle English: rif

Scots: rif, riv

English: reef

→ Middle Low German: rif, ref

Low German: Riff, Reff

→ German: Riff

→ Middle Dutch: rif

Dutch: rif

Suevic: *rippja:

→ Galician: ripa; ⇒ corripa.

From Proto-Indo-European *h₁rebʰ-yo-m, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁rebʰ- (“to cover, to roof; rib”).


bundą

bundą (nominative singular)
bundō (nominative plural)
bundą (singular vocative)
bundō (plural vocative)
bundą (accusative singular)
bundō (accusative plural)
bundas (genitive singular)
bundis (genitive singular)
bundǫ̂ (genitive plural)
bundai (dative singular)
bundamaz (dative plural)
bundō (instrumental singular)
bundamiz (instrumental plural)

Old English: bund f; byndelle, byndele, bindele f

Middle English: *bund, *bound, bonde; bundel

desc

English: bond, bundle, bind, bound, bownd,

Scots: bund, bound; bundle, bindle

Old Frisian: *bund; *bundel, *bondel

Saterland Frisian: Buund

West Frisian: bondel

Old Saxon: *bund, gibund; bundilīn

Middle Low German: bund, bunt; bündel

Low German: Bundel

→ Danish: bundt

→ Swedish: bunt

→ Norwegian: bunt

Old Dutch: *bund, *bunt; *bundil

Middle Dutch: bont; bundel, bondel

Dutch: bond; bundel, bondel

Afrikaans: bond; bondel

Old High German: *bunt; gibuntili

Middle High German: bunt; bündel

German: Bund; Bündel

Luxembourgish: Bond

Old Norse: *byndi (in handbyndi)

Gothic: 𐌲𐌰𐌱𐌿𐌽𐌳𐌹 (gabundi)

From Proto-Indo-European *bʰendʰ- (“to tie; bind”).


hraukaz

hraukaz (nominative singular)
hraukōz (nominative plural)
hraukōs (nominative plural)
hrauk (singular vocative)
hraukōz (plural vocative)
hraukōs (plural vocative)
hrauką (accusative singular)
hraukanz (accusative plural)
hraukas (genitive singular)
hraukis (genitive singular)
hraukǫ̂ (genitive plural)
hraukai (dative singular)
hraukamaz (dative plural)
hraukō (instrumental singular)
hraukamiz (instrumental plural)

Proto-West Germanic: *hrauk

desctree

Old English: hrēac, hrēc — Anglian
Middle English: rek, reek, reke
English: reek, rick
Middle Scots: reek, rick

Old Saxon: hrōk

Old Dutch: *hrouk, *hrōk

Middle Dutch: rooc

Dutch: rook

Old Norse: hraukr

Icelandic: hraukur

Faroese: reykur

Norwegian: rauk

Old Swedish: rø̄ker

Swedish: rök

Danish: røg

Gutnish: rauk

→ Swedish: rauk

→ Middle English: *rowk, roke, rooke

Scots: rowke, rouk, rook

? Finnic:

→ Estonian: rõuk

→ Finnish: röykkiö, roukkio

→ Ingrian: roukko

→ Veps: rouk

Unknown; but apparently cognate with Lithuanian kruvà, krûvà (“pile, heap, stack”), Old Irish crúach (“stack of corn, rick”). Possibly Proto-Indo-European *krewH- (“to heap up”).


andiz

Proto-West Germanic: *andi

Old English: end

Old High German: enti

⇒ Proto-West Germanic: *andīsk

Old Dutch: endisk, entisc

Old High German: entisk, entisc

⇒ Proto-West Germanic: *andiʀī (noun)

Old High German: enterī, enteri

⇒ Old High German: enterisk, entrisk

Middle High German: enterisch, entrisch

Bavarian: antrisch, enterisch, entrisch

German: entrisch

Old Norse: endr

Icelandic: endur

Comparative adverb formation to Proto-Indo-European *h₂ent- (“front”).


furist

Proto-West Germanic: *furist

Old English: fyrst

Middle English: fyrst, first

English: first

Old Saxon: *furist

Middle Low German: fȫrst, vȫrst

Old High German: furist

Old Norse: fyrst

Icelandic: fyrst

Faroese: fyrst

Norwegian Nynorsk: fyrst, først

Old Swedish: fyrst

Swedish: först

Old Danish: først, fyrst

Danish: først

Norwegian Bokmål: først


knuzlijaną

knuzlijō (active first-person indicative singular)
knuzlijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
knuzlijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
knuzlīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
knuzlijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
knuzlī (active imperative second-person singular)
knuzlijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
knuzlijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
knuzlīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
knuzlijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
knuzlijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
knuzlijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
knuzlijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
knuzlijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
knuzlijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
knuzlijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
knuzlijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
knuzlijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
knuzlijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
knuzlijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
knuzlijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
knuzlijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
knuzlīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
knuzlijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
knuzlīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
knuzlijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
knuzlijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
knuzlijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
knuzlijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
knuzlijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
knuzlijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
knuzlijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
knuzlidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
knuzlidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
knuzlidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
knuzlidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
knuzlidē (active indicative singular third-person)
knuzlidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
knuzlidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
knuzlidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
knuzlidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
knuzlidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
knuzlidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
knuzlidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
knuzlidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
knuzlidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
knuzlidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
knuzlidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
knuzlijandz (active participle present)
knuzlidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Old English: cnyllan; cnyllsan, cnylsian

desc

Middle English: knullen, knyllen, knillen, knellen

Scots: knell; knool

English: knell

Old High German: knullen

Middle High German: knüllen

German: knüllen

→ German Low German: knüllen

Old Norse: knylla

Danish: knolde

Icelandic: knylla, hnylla

Faroese: knylla

Norwegian Bokmål: knulle

Swedish: knulla

From *knus- (“to crush; grind”), from Proto-Indo-European *gen- (“to squeeze; pinch; kink; bale”).


firi-

Old English: fyr-

Old High German: firi-

Gothic: 𐍆𐌰𐌹𐍂- (fair-)

From Proto-Indo-European *per(i) (“through, across”), from *per-.

inh

expresses intensive or perfective meaning


īsarnīnaz

*īsarnīnaz (a-stem)

īsarnīnaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
īsarnīnai (masculine nominative plural strong)
īsarnīnō (feminine nominative singular strong)
īsarnīnôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
īsarnīną (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
īsarnīnō (neuter nominative plural strong)
īsarnīnanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
īsarnīnanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
īsarnīnǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
īsarnīnōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
īsarnīną (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
īsarnīnō (accusative neuter plural strong)
īsarnīnas (genitive masculine singular strong)
-is (genitive masculine singular strong)
īsarnīnaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
īsarnīnaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
īsarnīnaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
īsarnīnas (genitive neuter singular strong)
-is (genitive neuter singular strong)
īsarnīnaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
īsarnīnammai (dative masculine singular strong)
īsarnīnaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
īsarnīnaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
īsarnīnaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
īsarnīnammai (dative neuter singular strong)
īsarnīnaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
īsarnīnanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
īsarnīnaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
īsarnīnaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
īsarnīnaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
īsarnīnanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
īsarnīnaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
īsarnīnô (masculine nominative singular weak)
īsarnīnaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
īsarnīnǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
īsarnīnōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
īsarnīnô (neuter nominative singular weak)
īsarnīnōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
īsarnīnanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
īsarnīnanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
īsarnīnōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
īsarnīnōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
īsarnīnô (accusative neuter singular weak)
īsarnīnōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
īsarnīniniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
īsarnīnanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
īsarnīnōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
īsarnīnōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
īsarnīniniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
īsarnīnanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
īsarnīnini (dative masculine singular weak)
īsarnīnammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
īsarnīnōni (dative feminine singular weak)
īsarnīnōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
īsarnīnini (dative neuter singular weak)
īsarnīnammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
īsarnīninē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
īsarnīnammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
īsarnīnōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
īsarnīnōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
īsarnīninē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
īsarnīnammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

Old English: īsern

Old High German: īsarnīn

Gothic: 𐌴𐌹𐍃𐌰𐍂𐌽𐌴𐌹𐌽𐍃 (eisarneins)


unþa-

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *unþa-
Old English: oþ-, ūþ-
Middle English: oth-
Old Frisian: und-, ond-, and-
Saterland Frisian: und-
West Frisian: ûnt-
Old Saxon: and-
Middle Low German: ent-, unt-
German Low German: ent-
Old Dutch: ant-
Middle Dutch: ont-
Dutch: ont-
Old High German: unt-, int-
Middle High German: ent-
German: ent-

q

in 𐌿𐌽𐌸𐌰𐌸𐌻𐌹𐌿𐌷𐌰𐌽 (unþaþliuhan)

>? Gothic: 𐌿𐌽𐌸𐌰- (unþa-) (in 𐌿𐌽𐌸𐌰𐌸𐌻𐌹𐌿𐌷𐌰𐌽 (unþaþliuhan))

From Proto-Indo-European *h₂u-nt-, from *h₂ew (“away from, off”).


unkunþaz

*unkunþaz (a-stem)

unkunþaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
unkunþai (masculine nominative plural strong)
unkunþō (feminine nominative singular strong)
unkunþôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
unkunþą (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
unkunþō (neuter nominative plural strong)
unkunþanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
unkunþanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
unkunþǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
unkunþōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
unkunþą (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
unkunþō (accusative neuter plural strong)
unkunþas (genitive masculine singular strong)
-is (genitive masculine singular strong)
unkunþaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
unkunþaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
unkunþaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
unkunþas (genitive neuter singular strong)
-is (genitive neuter singular strong)
unkunþaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
unkunþammai (dative masculine singular strong)
unkunþaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
unkunþaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
unkunþaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
unkunþammai (dative neuter singular strong)
unkunþaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
unkunþanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
unkunþaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
unkunþaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
unkunþaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
unkunþanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
unkunþaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
unkunþô (masculine nominative singular weak)
unkunþaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
unkunþǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
unkunþōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
unkunþô (neuter nominative singular weak)
unkunþōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
unkunþanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
unkunþanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
unkunþōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
unkunþōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
unkunþô (accusative neuter singular weak)
unkunþōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
unkunþiniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
unkunþanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
unkunþōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
unkunþōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
unkunþiniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
unkunþanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
unkunþini (dative masculine singular weak)
unkunþammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
unkunþōni (dative feminine singular weak)
unkunþōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
unkunþini (dative neuter singular weak)
unkunþammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
unkunþinē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
unkunþammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
unkunþōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
unkunþōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
unkunþinē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
unkunþammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

Proto-West Germanic: *unkunþ

Old English: uncūþ

Middle English: uncuth, uncouth

Scots: uncouth, unco

→ English: unco

English: uncouth

Old Frisian: *unkūth

Old Saxon: *unkūth, *unkund

Middle Low German: unkunt

Old Dutch: *unkunt, *uncunt

Middle Dutch: oncont

Dutch: onkond

Old High German: unkund

Middle High German: unkunt; unkünde

German: unkund

Old Norse: úkunnr

Icelandic: ókunnur

Old Swedish: okunder

Swedish: okund

Gothic: 𐌿𐌽𐌺𐌿𐌽𐌸𐍃 (unkunþs)


triwīnaz

*triwīnaz (a-stem)

triwīnaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
triwīnai (masculine nominative plural strong)
triwīnō (feminine nominative singular strong)
triwīnôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
triwīną (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
triwīnō (neuter nominative plural strong)
triwīnanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
triwīnanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
triwīnǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
triwīnōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
triwīną (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
triwīnō (accusative neuter plural strong)
triwīnas (genitive masculine singular strong)
-is (genitive masculine singular strong)
triwīnaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
triwīnaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
triwīnaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
triwīnas (genitive neuter singular strong)
-is (genitive neuter singular strong)
triwīnaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
triwīnammai (dative masculine singular strong)
triwīnaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
triwīnaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
triwīnaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
triwīnammai (dative neuter singular strong)
triwīnaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
triwīnanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
triwīnaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
triwīnaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
triwīnaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
triwīnanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
triwīnaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
triwīnô (masculine nominative singular weak)
triwīnaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
triwīnǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
triwīnōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
triwīnô (neuter nominative singular weak)
triwīnōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
triwīnanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
triwīnanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
triwīnōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
triwīnōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
triwīnô (accusative neuter singular weak)
triwīnōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
triwīniniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
triwīnanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
triwīnōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
triwīnōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
triwīniniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
triwīnanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
triwīnini (dative masculine singular weak)
triwīnammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
triwīnōni (dative feminine singular weak)
triwīnōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
triwīnini (dative neuter singular weak)
triwīnammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
triwīninē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
triwīnammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
triwīnōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
triwīnōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
triwīninē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
triwīnammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *triwīn
Old English: trīewen, trēowen
Middle English: trēen
English: treen
Old High German: *trīn
⇒ Old High German: affoltrīn, affultrīn
Middle High German: affolterīn, apfelterīn, apfalterīn, affalterīn
Alemannic German: affolterin

Gothic: 𐍄𐍂𐌹𐍅𐌴𐌹𐌽𐍃 (triweins)


fadrīnaz

*fadrīnaz (a-stem)

fadrīnaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
fadrīnai (masculine nominative plural strong)
fadrīnō (feminine nominative singular strong)
fadrīnôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
fadrīną (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
fadrīnō (neuter nominative plural strong)
fadrīnanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
fadrīnanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
fadrīnǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
fadrīnōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
fadrīną (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
fadrīnō (accusative neuter plural strong)
fadrīnas (genitive masculine singular strong)
-is (genitive masculine singular strong)
fadrīnaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
fadrīnaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
fadrīnaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
fadrīnas (genitive neuter singular strong)
-is (genitive neuter singular strong)
fadrīnaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
fadrīnammai (dative masculine singular strong)
fadrīnaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
fadrīnaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
fadrīnaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
fadrīnammai (dative neuter singular strong)
fadrīnaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
fadrīnanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
fadrīnaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
fadrīnaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
fadrīnaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
fadrīnanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
fadrīnaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
fadrīnô (masculine nominative singular weak)
fadrīnaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
fadrīnǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
fadrīnōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
fadrīnô (neuter nominative singular weak)
fadrīnōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
fadrīnanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
fadrīnanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
fadrīnōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
fadrīnōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
fadrīnô (accusative neuter singular weak)
fadrīnōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
fadrīniniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
fadrīnanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
fadrīnōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
fadrīnōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
fadrīniniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
fadrīnanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
fadrīnini (dative masculine singular weak)
fadrīnammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
fadrīnōni (dative feminine singular weak)
fadrīnōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
fadrīnini (dative neuter singular weak)
fadrīnammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
fadrīninē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
fadrīnammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
fadrīnōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
fadrīnōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
fadrīninē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
fadrīnammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

Proto-West Germanic: *fadrīn
Old English: fæderen
Middle English: faderen, fadryn

Gothic: 𐍆𐌰𐌳𐍂𐌴𐌹𐌽𐍃 (fadreins)

fatherly, paternal, of or pertaining to a father


tizdailijaną

tizdailijō (active first-person indicative singular)
tizdailijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
tizdailijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
tizdailīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
tizdailijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
tizdailī (active imperative second-person singular)
tizdailijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
tizdailijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
tizdailīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
tizdailijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
tizdailijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
tizdailijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
tizdailijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
tizdailijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
tizdailijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
tizdailijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
tizdailijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
tizdailijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
tizdailijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
tizdailijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
tizdailijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
tizdailijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
tizdailīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
tizdailijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
tizdailīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
tizdailijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
tizdailijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
tizdailijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
tizdailijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
tizdailijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
tizdailijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
tizdailijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
tizdailidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
tizdailidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
tizdailidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
tizdailidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
tizdailidē (active indicative singular third-person)
tizdailidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
tizdailidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
tizdailidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
tizdailidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
tizdailidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
tizdailidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
tizdailidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
tizdailidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
tizdailidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
tizdailidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
tizdailidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
tizdailijandz (active participle present)
tizdailidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Old English: tōdǣlan

desc

Middle English: todælen, todealen, todelen

Old High German: zeteilen

Middle High German: zerteilen

German: zertheilen, zerteilen

Gothic: 𐌳𐌹𐍃𐌳𐌰𐌹𐌻𐌾𐌰𐌽 (disdailjan) (< replacement of tiz- with foreign-influenced 𐌳𐌹𐍃- (dis-))