grautaz

*grautaz (a-stem)

grautaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
grautai (masculine nominative plural strong)
grautō (feminine nominative singular strong)
grautôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
grautą (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
grautō (neuter nominative plural strong)
grautanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
grautanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
grautǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
grautōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
grautą (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
grautō (accusative neuter plural strong)
grautas (genitive masculine singular strong)
-is (genitive masculine singular strong)
grautaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
grautaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
grautaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
grautas (genitive neuter singular strong)
-is (genitive neuter singular strong)
grautaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
grautammai (dative masculine singular strong)
grautaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
grautaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
grautaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
grautammai (dative neuter singular strong)
grautaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
grautanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
grautaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
grautaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
grautaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
grautanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
grautaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
grautô (masculine nominative singular weak)
grautaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
grautǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
grautōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
grautô (neuter nominative singular weak)
grautōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
grautanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
grautanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
grautōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
grautōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
grautô (accusative neuter singular weak)
grautōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
grautiniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
grautanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
grautōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
grautōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
grautiniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
grautanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
grautini (dative masculine singular weak)
grautammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
grautōni (dative feminine singular weak)
grautōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
grautini (dative neuter singular weak)
grautammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
grautinē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
grautammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
grautōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
grautōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
grautinē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
grautammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

Proto-West Germanic: *graut

desctree

Old English: grēat
Middle English: grete, greet; girt, gert (dialectal)
English: great, (dialectal) gert
→ Welsh: grêt
Scots: great, greet, grete, greit
Yola: graat

Old Frisian: grāt

North Frisian: grott

Saterland Frisian: groot

West Frisian: grut

Old Saxon: grōt
Middle Low German: grôt
Low German: groot
German Low German: groot; graut (Münsterländisch)
Plautdietsch: groot

Old Dutch: grōt
Middle Dutch: grôot
Dutch: groot
Afrikaans: groot
Berbice Creole Dutch: groto
Jersey Dutch: x'rôt
Negerhollands: groot, grooto, guṅgu, gro
→ Virgin Islands Creole: gungu (dated)
Petjo: groot
Skepi Creole Dutch: groat
Limburgish: groeat
Zealandic: groôt

→ Bourbonnais-Berrichon: groût (Berry)

→ Bourguignon: grô

Old High German: grōz
Middle High German: grōz
Alemannic German: groß, gruuss
Swabian: groß
Bavarian: groas, grous
Cimbrian: groaz, gròas (Sette Comuni)
Mòcheno: groas
Central Franconian: jruß, gruß
Hunsrik: gros
Luxembourgish: grouss
German: groß
Rhine Franconian: gruß
Frankfurterisch: [kʀoːs]
Pennsylvania German: gross
Vilamovian: gros
Yiddish: גרויס (groys)

→? Medieval Latin: grossus (see there for further descendants)

From Proto-Indo-European *gʰrewd-, *gʰer- (“to rub, grind, remove”). Akin to Proto-Slavic *gruda (“pile”), Proto-Slavic *grudьnъ (“crude, lousy”).


grasą

grasą (nominative singular)
grasō (nominative plural)
grasą (singular vocative)
grasō (plural vocative)
grasą (accusative singular)
grasō (accusative plural)
grasas (genitive singular)
grasis (genitive singular)
grasǫ̂ (genitive plural)
grasai (dative singular)
grasamaz (dative plural)
grasō (instrumental singular)
grasamiz (instrumental plural)

Proto-West Germanic: *gras
Old English: græs, gærs
Middle English: gras, grasse, gresse, gres, gers, grece, græs, grace, gars, grys, grisse, grese
English: grass
Tok Pisin: gras, garas
Fiji Hindi: giraas
Scots: gress, gres, grais, graiss, grase, gers, girs
Old Frisian: gers, gres
North Frisian:
Föhr-Amrum: gäärs
Sylt: Gērs
Saterland Frisian: Gäärs
West Frisian: gers, gjers (Wood), jers
Old Saxon: gras
Middle Low German: gras
Dutch Low Saxon: gras
German Low German: Gras
Plautdietsch: Grauss
Old Dutch: *gras
Middle Dutch: gras, gars, gers
Dutch: gras
Afrikaans: gras
Berbice Creole Dutch: grasa
Jersey Dutch: x'rās, grās
Negerhollands: graas, gras
→ Sranan Tongo: grasi
→ Saramaccan: gaási
Limburgish: graas
West Flemish: ges, gas
Zealandic: gos
Old High German: gras
Middle High German: gras
Alemannic German: Gras
Italian Walser: gras, gros
Bavarian:
Cimbrian: gras, grass
Mòcheno: gros
Udinese: gròs, gros, groos
Central Franconian:
Hunsrik: Graas
Luxembourgish: Gras
East Central German:
Vilamovian: gros
East Franconian:
German: Gras
Rhine Franconian: Gras
Frankfurterisch: [kʀɑːs], (older) [kʀɔːs]
Pennsylvania German: Graas
Yiddish: גראָז (groz)

Old Norse: gras
Icelandic: gras
Faroese: gras
Norwegian:
Bokmål: gress, gras (< *grasja-)
Norwegian Nynorsk: gras
Old Swedish: græs, gras (hapax legomena)
Swedish: gräs (< *grasja-)
Danish: græs (< *grasja-)
Elfdalian: gras
Gutnish: gras

Gothic: 𐌲𐍂𐌰𐍃 (gras)

→ Proto-Samic: *(k)rāsē (see there for further descendants)

→ Proto-Finnic: *rasi (see there for further descendants)

A secondary zero-grade s-stem from the root of *grōaną and *grōniz, from Proto-Indo-European *gʰreh₁- (“to grow, become green”). It cannot be directly from *gʰr̥h₁-s-, where the syllabic sonorant would result in *gurs-.


hōfaz

hōfaz (nominative singular)
hōfōz (nominative plural)
hōfōs (nominative plural)
hōf (singular vocative)
hōfōz (plural vocative)
hōfōs (plural vocative)
hōfą (accusative singular)
hōfanz (accusative plural)
hōfas (genitive singular)
hōfis (genitive singular)
hōfǫ̂ (genitive plural)
hōfai (dative singular)
hōfamaz (dative plural)
hōfō (instrumental singular)
hōfamiz (instrumental plural)

Old English: hōf

Middle English: hof, hoof, hufe

Scots: hufe, huif

English: hoof

Old Frisian: hōf

Saterland Frisian: Houf, Houch

West Frisian: hoef

Old Saxon: hōf

Middle Low German: hōf, höf

Old Dutch: *huof

Middle Dutch: hoef

Dutch: hoef

Afrikaans: hoef

Old High German: huof

Middle High German: huof

German: Huf

Luxembourgish: Houf

Vilamovian: hüf

desctree

Old Norse: hófr
Icelandic: hófur
Faroese: hógvur, hóvur
Norwegian: hov m or f
Old Swedish: hōv, hōf, hōver
Swedish: hov c (formerly m)
Danish: hov c
Scanian: how m

From Pre-Germanic *kōpós, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱoph₂ós. Cognate with Sanskrit शफ (śaphá), Avestan 𐬯𐬀𐬟𐬀 (safa).


grēwaz

*grēwaz (a-stem)

grēwaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
grēwai (masculine nominative plural strong)
grēwō (feminine nominative singular strong)
grēwôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
grēwą (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
grēwō (neuter nominative plural strong)
grēwanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
grēwanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
grēwǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
grēwōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
grēwą (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
grēwō (accusative neuter plural strong)
grēwas (genitive masculine singular strong)
-is (genitive masculine singular strong)
grēwaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
grēwaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
grēwaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
grēwas (genitive neuter singular strong)
-is (genitive neuter singular strong)
grēwaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
grēwammai (dative masculine singular strong)
grēwaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
grēwaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
grēwaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
grēwammai (dative neuter singular strong)
grēwaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
grēwanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
grēwaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
grēwaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
grēwaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
grēwanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
grēwaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
grēwô (masculine nominative singular weak)
grēwaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
grēwǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
grēwōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
grēwô (neuter nominative singular weak)
grēwōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
grēwanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
grēwanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
grēwōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
grēwōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
grēwô (accusative neuter singular weak)
grēwōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
grēwiniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
grēwanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
grēwōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
grēwōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
grēwiniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
grēwanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
grēwini (dative masculine singular weak)
grēwammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
grēwōni (dative feminine singular weak)
grēwōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
grēwini (dative neuter singular weak)
grēwammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
grēwinē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
grēwammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
grēwōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
grēwōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
grēwinē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
grēwammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

Proto-West Germanic: *grāu
Old English: grǣġ, grēġ — Anglian
Middle English: grey
English: gray, grey
Scots: gray
Yola: gry
Old Frisian: grē
North Frisian:
Föhr, Wiedingharde: grä
Hallig: grai
Mooring: gra
Old Saxon: grāo
Middle Low German: grāu
Low German:
German Low German: grag, grau
Plautdietsch: greiw
→ West Frisian: grauw
Old Dutch: *grāo
Middle Dutch: grau
Dutch: grauw
Afrikaans: grou
Jersey Dutch: xrāuje, grô
Negerhollands: grou
Old High German: grāo
Middle High German: grā
Alemannic German: graaw
Bavarian: grau
Gottscheerish: grūb
Central Franconian:
Hunsrik: grau
Luxembourgish: gro
East Central German:
Vilamovian: graoj
East Franconian:
German: grau
Rhine Franconian:
Frankfurterisch: IPA [kʀoː], (newer, from about 1925) [kʀau]
Pennsylvania German: gro
Yiddish: גראָ (gro), גרוי (groy)

Old Norse: grár
Icelandic: grár
Faroese: gráur
Norn: grå, grågi
Norwegian Nynorsk: grå; (dialectal) grår, grår’e, grå’u
Old Swedish: grār
Swedish: grå
Danish: grå
Norwegian Bokmål: grå
Gutnish: graar, grar, gra, graur

→? Proto-Finnic: *raavas (see there for further descendants)

Probably from a Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰreh₁- (“to glow, be visible”), and cognate with Proto-Slavic *zьrěti (“to observe, look at”), Lithuanian žėrė́ti (“to shine, sparkle”), and Proto-Germanic *greujaną (“to dawn”) (whence Swedish gry (“to dawn”)).


nēþlō

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *nāþlu
Old English: nǣdl
Middle English: nedle
English: needle
Scots: nedil, neidil
Old Frisian: nēdle, nēlde
Saterland Frisian: Näddele
West Frisian: niddel, nuddel, nille, nulle
Old Saxon: nāthla
Middle Low German: nâdel, nâtele, nâtel, nâtle, nâlde (not found in most areas, rare elsewhere)
Low German: Nodel, Nadel (likely to be loaned from or influenced by German)
Plautdietsch: Notel
Old Dutch: nālda
Middle Dutch: naelde
Dutch: naald
Afrikaans: naald
Old High German: nādala, nālda
Middle High German: nādele, nālde
German: Nadel
Luxembourgish: Nol (< nālde)
Yiddish: נאָדל (nodl); נודיל (nudil) (Middle Yiddish, attested in Shemot Devarim)

Old Norse: nál

Icelandic: nál

Faroese: nál

Norwegian: nål

Elfdalian: ną̊l

Old Swedish: nāl

Swedish: nål

Old Danish: naal

Danish: nål

Samic:

→ Northern Sami: nállu

→ Southern Sami: naaloe

Gothic: 𐌽𐌴𐌸𐌻𐌰 (nēþla)

→ Proto-Finnic: *nëkla (see there for further descendants)

From *nēþlą + *-ō, Proto-Indo-European *(s)néh₁-tlo-m, from *(s)neh₁- (“to sew”) + *-tlom. Equivalent to *nēaną (“to sew”) + *-þrą + *-ō.


mēlą

mēlą (nominative singular)
mēlō (nominative plural)
mēlą (singular vocative)
mēlō (plural vocative)
mēlą (accusative singular)
mēlō (accusative plural)
mēlas (genitive singular)
mēlis (genitive singular)
mēlǫ̂ (genitive plural)
mēlai (dative singular)
mēlamaz (dative plural)
mēlō (instrumental singular)
mēlamiz (instrumental plural)

Proto-West Germanic: *māl
Old English: mǣl, mēl — Anglian, Kentish
Middle English: mel, mele, melle; mal, male, meyle (chiefly Northern); mæl, mæle, meal (Early Middle English)
English: meal
Scots: meal
Yola: meale, mele
→ Irish: béile
Old Frisian: mēl
Saterland Frisian: Moal, Mäil
West Frisian: miel
Old Saxon: māl
Middle Low German: mâl
Low German: maal
German Low German: Mahl
Old Dutch: *māl
Middle Dutch: mâel
Dutch: maal
Afrikaans: maal
Berbice Creole Dutch: mali
Negerhollands: mal
Limburgish: maol
Old High German: māl
Middle High German: māl
Bavarian: Moi
Cimbrian: mal
Mòcheno: mol
German: Mahl, Mal, mal
Hunsrik: Mol
Luxembourgish: Mol
Yiddish: מאָל (mol)

Old Norse: mál

Danish: mål

Faroese: mál

Icelandic: mál

Norwegian Bokmål: mål

Norwegian Nynorsk: mål

Swedish: mål

Gothic: 𐌼𐌴𐌻 (mēl)

From Proto-Indo-European *meh₁lom, from the root *meh₁- (“to measure”). Compare Latin semel.


missa-

Proto-West Germanic: *missa-, *missī-
Old English: mis-
Middle English: mys-, mes-, mis-
English: mis-
Scots: mis-
Old Frisian: mis-
Saterland Frisian: mis-
West Frisian: mis-
Old Saxon: mis-
Middle Low German: mis-, misse-
German Low German: miss-
Old Dutch: mis-
Middle Dutch: mis-
Dutch: mis-
Afrikaans: mis-
Old High German: missa-, missi-
Middle High German: misse-
German: miss-, mis-
→ Vulgar Latin: *messa-
Old French: mes-
Middle French: mes-
French: més-, mé-
Occitan: mes-

Old Norse: mis-
Icelandic: mis-
Faroese: mis-
Norwegian Bokmål: mis-
Swedish: miss-
Danish: mis-

Gothic: 𐌼𐌹𐍃𐍃𐌰- (missa-)


magô

magô (nominative singular)
maganiz (nominative plural)
magô (singular vocative)
maganiz (plural vocative)
maganų (accusative singular)
maganunz (accusative plural)
maginiz (genitive singular)
maganǫ̂ (genitive plural)
magini (dative singular)
magammaz (dative plural)
maginē (instrumental singular)
magammiz (instrumental plural)

Proto-West Germanic: *magō
Old English: maga
Middle English: maȝe, maghe, mawe
English: maw
Scots: mawe, maw
Old Frisian: maga
Saterland Frisian: Moage
West Frisian: mage
Old Saxon: mago
Middle Low German: māge
Low German:
German Low German: Mage, Maag
Westphalian:
Ravensbergisch-Lippisch: Māge
Sauerländisch: Māge
Westmünsterländian: Maagen, Maage
Plautdietsch: Moag
Old Dutch: *mago
Middle Dutch: māge
Dutch: maag
Afrikaans: maag
Negerhollands: maag
→ Indonesian: mag
Limburgish: maag
Old High German: mago
Middle High German: mage
Bavarian: Mågn
German: Magen
Hunsrik: Maaghe, Maan
Luxembourgish: Mo
Vilamovian: maoga
Yiddish: מאָגן (mogn)
→ Italian: magone
→ Venetian: magon

Old Norse: magi
Icelandic: magi
Faroese: magi
Norwegian Nynorsk: mage; (dialectal) magi, maga, mågå
→ Norwegian Bokmål: mage
Jamtish: maga
Elfdalian: magi
Old Swedish: maghi
Swedish: mage
Old Danish: maghæ
Danish: mave
Norwegian Bokmål: mave
Gutnish: mage
Scanian: mawe

East Germanic:

→ Galician: maga

→ Proto-Finnic: *mako
Estonian: magu
Finnish: mako (dialectal)
Ingrian: mako
Livonian: ma'g, mag
Võro: mago
Votic: mako

→ Proto-Finnic: *maha
Finnish: maha
→ Votic: maha
Karelian:
North Karelian: maha
South Karelian: maha
Livvi: maha
Ludian: maha
⇒ Veps: mahud

From Proto-Indo-European *mak-, *maks- (“bag, bellows, belly”).


leuhtaz

*leuhtaz (a-stem)

leuhtaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
leuhtai (masculine nominative plural strong)
leuhtō (feminine nominative singular strong)
leuhtôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
leuhtą (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
leuhtō (neuter nominative plural strong)
leuhtanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
leuhtanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
leuhtǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
leuhtōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
leuhtą (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
leuhtō (accusative neuter plural strong)
leuhtas (genitive masculine singular strong)
-is (genitive masculine singular strong)
leuhtaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
leuhtaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
leuhtaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
leuhtas (genitive neuter singular strong)
-is (genitive neuter singular strong)
leuhtaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
leuhtammai (dative masculine singular strong)
leuhtaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
leuhtaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
leuhtaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
leuhtammai (dative neuter singular strong)
leuhtaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
leuhtanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
leuhtaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
leuhtaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
leuhtaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
leuhtanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
leuhtaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
leuhtô (masculine nominative singular weak)
leuhtaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
leuhtǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
leuhtōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
leuhtô (neuter nominative singular weak)
leuhtōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
leuhtanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
leuhtanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
leuhtōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
leuhtōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
leuhtô (accusative neuter singular weak)
leuhtōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
leuhtiniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
leuhtanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
leuhtōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
leuhtōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
leuhtiniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
leuhtanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
leuhtini (dative masculine singular weak)
leuhtammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
leuhtōni (dative feminine singular weak)
leuhtōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
leuhtini (dative neuter singular weak)
leuhtammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
leuhtinē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
leuhtammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
leuhtōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
leuhtōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
leuhtinē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
leuhtammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

Proto-West Germanic: *leuht
Old English: lēoht, lēht — Anglian; līht
Middle English: leoht, liht, light
English: light
Scots: licht
Old Frisian: liācht
Saterland Frisian: ljoacht
West Frisian: ljocht
Old Saxon: lioht
Middle Low German: licht
Low German:
German Low German: licht
Westphalian:
Münsterländer: lecht, lech (Westmünsterländisch)
East Westphalian: lecht (Ravensberger)
Plautdietsch: leicht
Old Dutch: lieht
Middle Dutch: licht
Dutch: licht
Afrikaans: lig
Limburgish: lich, leech
Old High German: lioht
Middle High German: liecht, licht
German: licht
Bavarian: liacht

Old Norse: Ljótr

Icelandic: Ljótur

Faroese: -ljótur


leuhtą

leuhtą (nominative singular)
leuhtō (nominative plural)
leuhtą (singular vocative)
leuhtō (plural vocative)
leuhtą (accusative singular)
leuhtō (accusative plural)
leuhtas (genitive singular)
liuhtis (genitive singular)
leuhtǫ̂ (genitive plural)
liuhtai (dative singular)
leuhtamaz (dative plural)
leuhtō (instrumental singular)
leuhtamiz (instrumental plural)

Proto-West Germanic: *leuht
Old English: lēoht, lēht — Anglian; līht
Middle English: leoht, liht, light
English: light
Scots: licht
Old Frisian: liācht
Saterland Frisian: Ljoacht, Lucht
West Frisian: ljocht
Old Saxon: lioht
Middle Low German: licht, lucht
Low German:
German Low German: Licht
Westphalian:
Ravensbergisch: Lecht
Lippisch: Lecht, Lucht
Sauerländisch: Lecht, Licht
Westmünsterländisch: Lecht, Lech
Plautdietsch: Licht
Old Dutch: lieht
Middle Dutch: licht
Dutch: licht
Afrikaans: lig
Limburgish: lèch
Old High German: lioht
Middle High German: liecht, licht
Alemannic German: Liecht (north Alsatian), Liacht (south Alsatian)
Bavarian: Liacht
Central Franconian:
Hunsrik: Licht
Kölsch: Leesch
Luxembourgish: Liicht
East Central German:
Vilamovian: łicht
East Franconian: Lieacht
German: Licht
Rhine Franconian: Licht, Liecht, Lischt
Frankfurterisch: [liʃt]
Pennsylvania German: Licht
Yiddish: ליכט (likht)

From Proto-Indo-European *lewktom, ultimately from the root *lewk- and the suffix *-tós.


maþô

maþô (nominative singular)
maþaniz (nominative plural)
maþô (singular vocative)
maþaniz (plural vocative)
maþanų (accusative singular)
muttunz (accusative plural)
muttaz (genitive singular)
muttǫ̂ (genitive plural)
madini (dative singular)
madummaz (dative plural)
muttē (instrumental singular)
madummiz (instrumental plural)

Proto-West Germanic: *maþō (“worm”)
Old English: maþa
Middle English: mathe
Scots: mathe, maith, maithe, meath, meith
English: mad, made
Old Saxon: matho
Middle Low German: made
Old Dutch: *matho
Middle Dutch: māde
Dutch: made
Old High German: mado
Middle High German: made
German: Made
Luxembourgish: Mued

Proto-West Germanic: *moþþā (“moth”)
Old English: moþþe
Middle English: mothe
English: moth
Scots: moch
Old Saxon: *motta
Middle Low German: motte
Low German: Mutten, Motten
→ German: Motte
Old Dutch: *motta
Middle Dutch: motte
Dutch: mot

Gothic: 𐌼𐌰𐌸𐌰 (maþa, “maggot”)

From Proto-Indo-European *mat-ḗn ~ *mat-nés, from *mat- (“insect, worm, maggot”), possibly borrowed from a substrate language. Compare Proto-Slavic *motyľь (“butterfly”), Sanskrit मत्कुण (matkuṇa, “bug”). Possibly also related to Proto-Finnic *mato (“worm”) (akin to Proto-Samic *muocē), in which case it would be a borrowing in either direction (although seeing as the Finnic term has a convincing Indo-Iranian etymology, a borrowing from Finnic into Germanic appears more likely).


missadēdiz

missadēdiz (nominative singular)
missadēdīz (nominative plural)
missadēdi (singular vocative)
missadēdīz (plural vocative)
missadēdį (accusative singular)
missadēdinz (accusative plural)
missadēdīz (genitive singular)
missadēdijǫ̂ (genitive plural)
missadēdī (dative singular)
missadēdimaz (dative plural)
missadēdī (instrumental singular)
missadēdimiz (instrumental plural)

Proto-West Germanic: *missadādi

Old English: misdǣd

Middle English: misdede

Scots: misdede, misdeid

English: misdeed

Old Frisian: misdēd, misdēde

Saterland Frisian: Misdoat

West Frisian: misdied

Old Saxon: misdād

Middle Low German: misdât

German Low German: Missdaad

Old Dutch: misdād, *misdāt

Middle Dutch: misdaet

Dutch: misdaad

Afrikaans: misdaad

Old High German: missitāt, mistāt

Middle High German: missetāt

German: Missetat

Old Norse: *misdáð

Danish: misdåd

Swedish: missdåd

Gothic: 𐌼𐌹𐍃𐍃𐌰𐌳𐌴𐌸𐍃 (missadēþs)


faitijaną

faitijō (active first-person indicative singular)
faitijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
faitijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
faitīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
faitijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
faitī (active imperative second-person singular)
faitijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
faitijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
faitīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
faitijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
faitijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
faitijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
faitijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
faitijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
faitijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
faitijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
faitijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
faitijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
faitijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
faitijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
faitijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
faitijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
faitīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
faitijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
faitīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
faitijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
faitijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
faitijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
faitijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
faitijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
faitijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
faitijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
faitidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
faitidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
faitidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
faitidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
faitidē (active indicative singular third-person)
faitidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
faitidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
faitidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
faitidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
faitidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
faitidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
faitidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
faitidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
faitidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
faitidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
faitidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
faitijandz (active participle present)
faitidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *faitijan
Old English: fǣtan
Old High German: *feizen
Middle High German: veizen

Old Norse: feita

Icelandic: feita


faitaz

*faitaz (a-stem)

faitaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
faitai (masculine nominative plural strong)
faitō (feminine nominative singular strong)
faitôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
faitą (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
faitō (neuter nominative plural strong)
faitanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
faitanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
faitǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
faitōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
faitą (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
faitō (accusative neuter plural strong)
faitas (genitive masculine singular strong)
-is (genitive masculine singular strong)
faitaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
faitaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
faitaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
faitas (genitive neuter singular strong)
-is (genitive neuter singular strong)
faitaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
faitammai (dative masculine singular strong)
faitaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
faitaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
faitaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
faitammai (dative neuter singular strong)
faitaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
faitanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
faitaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
faitaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
faitaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
faitanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
faitaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
faitô (masculine nominative singular weak)
faitaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
faitǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
faitōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
faitô (neuter nominative singular weak)
faitōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
faitanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
faitanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
faitōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
faitōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
faitô (accusative neuter singular weak)
faitōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
faitiniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
faitanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
faitōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
faitōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
faitiniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
faitanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
faitini (dative masculine singular weak)
faitammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
faitōni (dative feminine singular weak)
faitōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
faitini (dative neuter singular weak)
faitammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
faitinē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
faitammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
faitōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
faitōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
faitinē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
faitammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

Proto-West Germanic: *fait
Old Frisian: fat, fet
Saterland Frisian: fat
West Frisian: fet
Old Saxon: *fēt
Middle Low German: vēt, veet
Old Dutch: feit, *fēt
Old High German: *feiz
Middle High German: veiz
Cimbrian: bòas
German: feiß (obsolete)

Old Norse: feitr
Icelandic: feitur
Faroese: feitur
Norwegian Nynorsk: feit
→ Norwegian Bokmål: feit
Old Swedish: fēter
Swedish: fet
Danish: fed
Norwegian Bokmål: fet

→ Proto-Finnic: *paita (“caul fat”) (see there for further descendants)

→ Proto-Samic: *puojtē (see there for further descendants)

From Proto-Indo-European *poyh₂d-o-s, from *péyh₂-de-ti, de-present of *peyh₂- (“to swell; to be swollen, fat”).


fūlaz

*fūlaz (a-stem)

fūlaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
fūlai (masculine nominative plural strong)
fūlō (feminine nominative singular strong)
fūlôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
fūlą (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
fūlō (neuter nominative plural strong)
fūlanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
fūlanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
fūlǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
fūlōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
fūlą (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
fūlō (accusative neuter plural strong)
fūlas (genitive masculine singular strong)
-is (genitive masculine singular strong)
fūlaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
fūlaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
fūlaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
fūlas (genitive neuter singular strong)
-is (genitive neuter singular strong)
fūlaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
fūlammai (dative masculine singular strong)
fūlaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
fūlaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
fūlaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
fūlammai (dative neuter singular strong)
fūlaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
fūlanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
fūlaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
fūlaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
fūlaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
fūlanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
fūlaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
fūlô (masculine nominative singular weak)
fūlaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
fūlǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
fūlōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
fūlô (neuter nominative singular weak)
fūlōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
fūlanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
fūlanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
fūlōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
fūlōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
fūlô (accusative neuter singular weak)
fūlōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
fūliniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
fūlanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
fūlōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
fūlōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
fūliniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
fūlanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
fūlini (dative masculine singular weak)
fūlammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
fūlōni (dative feminine singular weak)
fūlōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
fūlini (dative neuter singular weak)
fūlammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
fūlinē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
fūlammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
fūlōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
fūlōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
fūlinē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
fūlammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

Proto-West Germanic: *fūl
Old English: fūl
Middle English: foul
English: foul
Scots: foul
Old Frisian: fūl
Saterland Frisian: fuul
West Frisian: fûl
Old Saxon: *fūl (in derivatives)
Middle Low German: vûl
German Low German: fuul
Old Dutch: *fūl (in derivatives)
Middle Dutch: vuul
Dutch: vuil
Afrikaans: vuil
Old High German: fūl
Middle High German: vūl, voul
Cimbrian: baul
German: faul
Yiddish: פֿױל (foyl)

Old Norse: fúll

Icelandic: fúll

Faroese: fúlur

Norwegian Bokmål: ful

Norwegian Nynorsk: ful

Old Swedish: fūl

Swedish: ful

Danish: ful

Gutnish: fäul

Gothic: 𐍆𐌿𐌻𐍃 (fūls)

From Proto-Indo-European *puH- (“to be rotten; putrid”). Cognate with Lithuanian pū́ti (“to rot”), Latin pūs (“foul, corrupt matter; pus”), Sanskrit पूयति (pūyati, “rots, smells”), Persian پوسیدن (pusidan, “to rot”).


siuniz

siuniz (nominative singular)
siunīz (nominative plural)
siuni (singular vocative)
siunīz (plural vocative)
siunį (accusative singular)
siuninz (accusative plural)
siunīz (genitive singular)
siunijǫ̂ (genitive plural)
siunī (dative singular)
siunimaz (dative plural)
siunī (instrumental singular)
siunimiz (instrumental plural)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *siuni
Old English: sīen
Old Frisian: siōne, siūne
Old Saxon: siun
Old High German: siun

Old Norse: sjón, sýn

Icelandic: sjón, sýn

Faroese: sjón, sýn

Norwegian: syn, sjon

Old Swedish: sȳn

Swedish: syn

Danish: syn

Gothic: 𐍃𐌹𐌿𐌽𐍃 (siuns)

From earlier *segw-niz, the former part from *sehwaną.


saltaz

*saltaz (a-stem)

saltaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
saltai (masculine nominative plural strong)
saltō (feminine nominative singular strong)
saltôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
saltą (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
saltō (neuter nominative plural strong)
saltanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
saltanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
saltǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
saltōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
saltą (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
saltō (accusative neuter plural strong)
saltas (genitive masculine singular strong)
-is (genitive masculine singular strong)
saltaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
saltaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
saltaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
saltas (genitive neuter singular strong)
-is (genitive neuter singular strong)
saltaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
saltammai (dative masculine singular strong)
saltaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
saltaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
saltaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
saltammai (dative neuter singular strong)
saltaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
saltanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
saltaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
saltaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
saltaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
saltanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
saltaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
saltô (masculine nominative singular weak)
saltaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
saltǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
saltōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
saltô (neuter nominative singular weak)
saltōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
saltanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
saltanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
saltōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
saltōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
saltô (accusative neuter singular weak)
saltōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
saltiniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
saltanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
saltōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
saltōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
saltiniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
saltanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
saltini (dative masculine singular weak)
saltammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
saltōni (dative feminine singular weak)
saltōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
saltini (dative neuter singular weak)
saltammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
saltinē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
saltammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
saltōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
saltōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
saltinē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
saltammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

Proto-West Germanic: *salt
Old English: sealt
Middle English: salt
English: salt
Scots: salt
Old Frisian: salt
West Frisian: sâlt
Old Saxon: salt
Middle Low German: salt, solt
German Low German: solt
Old Dutch: *salt
Middle Dutch: sout
Dutch: zout
Afrikaans: sout
Old High German: *salz
Middle High German: salz

Old Norse: saltr

Icelandic: saltur

Faroese: saltur

Norwegian: salt

Old Swedish: salter

Swedish: salt

Danish: salt

Gutnish: saltar, salt


sankwijaną

sankwijō (active first-person indicative singular)
sankwijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
sankwijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
sankwīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
sankwijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
sankwī (active imperative second-person singular)
sankwijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
sankwijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
sankwīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
sankwijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
sankwijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
sankwijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
sankwijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
sankwijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
sankwijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
sankwijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
sankwijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
sankwijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
sankwijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
sankwijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
sankwijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
sankwijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
sankwīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
sankwijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
sankwīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
sankwijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
sankwijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
sankwijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
sankwijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
sankwijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
sankwijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
sankwijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
sankwidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
sankwidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
sankwidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
sankwidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
sankwidē (active indicative singular third-person)
sankwidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
sankwidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
sankwidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
sankwidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
sankwidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
sankwidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
sankwidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
sankwidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
sankwidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
sankwidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
sankwidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
sankwijandz (active participle present)
sankwidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *sankwijan
Old English: sencan
Old Frisian: senka, senza
Old Saxon: senkian
Middle Low German: senken
Old Dutch: senken
Middle Dutch: senken
Dutch: *zenken (obsolete, only attested as sencken)
Old High German: senken
Middle High German: senken
German: senken
Luxembourgish: senken

Old West Norse: søkkva

Icelandic: sökkva

Faroese: søkkja

Norwegian Nynorsk: søkkja

Old East Norse: *sænkja

Old Swedish: sænkia

Swedish: sänka

Danish: sænke

Norwegian Bokmål: senke

→ Norwegian Nynorsk: senka

Gothic: 𐍃𐌰𐌲𐌲𐌵𐌾𐌰𐌽 (saggqjan)


sīdǭ

sīdǭ (nominative singular)
sīdōniz (nominative plural)
sīdǭ (singular vocative)
sīdōniz (plural vocative)
sīdōnų (accusative singular)
sīdōnunz (accusative plural)
sīdōniz (genitive singular)
sīdōnǫ̂ (genitive plural)
sīdōni (dative singular)
sīdōmaz (dative plural)
sīdōnē (instrumental singular)
sīdōmiz (instrumental plural)

Proto-West Germanic: *sīdā

Old English: sīde

Middle English: side, zide (Kent)
English: side
Scots: side, syde
Yola: zeide

Old Frisian: sīde

Saterland Frisian: Siede

West Frisian: side

Old Saxon: sīda

Middle Low German: sîde

German Low German: Sied

Old Dutch: *sīda

Middle Dutch: side

Dutch: zijde, zij

Afrikaans: sy

Old High German: sīta
Middle High German: sīte
Alemannic German: Siite
Central Franconian: Seck
Cimbrian: sait
German: Seite
Luxembourgish: Säit
Yiddish: זײַט (zayt)

Old Norse: síða
Icelandic: síða
Faroese: síða
Norwegian Bokmål: side
Norwegian Nynorsk: side
Old Swedish: sīþa
Swedish: sida
Danish: side


fōdrą

fōdrą (nominative singular)
fōdrō (nominative plural)
fōdrą (singular vocative)
fōdrō (plural vocative)
fōdrą (accusative singular)
fōdrō (accusative plural)
fōdras (genitive singular)
fōdris (genitive singular)
fōdrǫ̂ (genitive plural)
fōdrai (dative singular)
fōdramaz (dative plural)
fōdrō (instrumental singular)
fōdramiz (instrumental plural)

Proto-West Germanic: *fōdr
Old English: fōdor
Middle English: fodder, foddre, fodre, foder, fodyr, foddur, voddur
English: fodder
Scots: foder, fodder, fother, fothir
Old Frisian: fōder
North Frisian: Fođer, fooder
Saterland Frisian: Fodder
West Frisian: foer
Old Saxon: *fōdar
Middle Low German: vōder
Old Dutch: *fuodar
Dutch: voeder, voer
Afrikaans: voer
Limburgish: voder, voor
Old High German: fuotar
Middle High German: vuoter
Cimbrian: fuutar
German: Futter
Luxembourgish: Fudder
→ Old French: fuerre (see there for further descendants)

Old Norse: fóðr
Icelandic: fóður
Faroese: fóður
Norwegian Nynorsk: fôr, foder
Norwegian Bokmål: fôr
Old Swedish: fōþer, ᚠᚮᚦᚽᚱ
Swedish: foder
Danish: foder
→ Middle English: fother, foður, fothir, fothyr, futher, fodyr, fooder, foþer, foþere, foðer, voðer, ffoder
English: fother
Scots: fother

From Proto-Indo-European *peh₂- (“to protect, guard; to graze, feed”) + *-dʰrom or *-tróm, the suffix equivalent to *-drą; or directly from the root of *fōdijaną (“to feed”) and *fōdô (“food”) (including the *d), from an extended form *peh₂-dʰ(h₁)- or *peh₂-t- of the same PIE root, + *-r-om. Cognate with Latin pābulum (“food, fodder”) and possibly pānis (“bread, food”).


fōdrą

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *fōdr
Old English: fōdor
Old Dutch: *fuodar
Middle Dutch: voeder
Dutch: voer
Old High German: fuotar
Middle High German: vuoter
German: Futter
→ Polish: futro
Luxembourgish: Fudder
→ Venetian: fódro
→? Cimbrian: fòdara
→ Italian: fodero

Old Norse: fóðr

Faroese: fóður (“lining”)

Icelandic: fóður

Danish: for

Norwegian Nynorsk: foder

Swedish: foder

Gothic: 𐍆𐍉𐌳𐍂 (fōdr)

→ Proto-Finnic: *hootra

From Proto-Indo-European *peh₂- (“to protect, guard, graze, feed”).


sinkwaną

sinkwō (active first-person indicative singular)
sinkwaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
sinkwai (first-person indicative passive singular)
sinkwizi (active indicative second-person singular)
sinkwaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
sinkw (active imperative second-person singular)
sinkwazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
sinkwaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
sinkwidi (active indicative singular third-person)
sinkwai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
sinkwadau (active imperative singular third-person)
sinkwadai (indicative passive singular third-person)
sinkwaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
sinkwōz (active dual first-person indicative)
sinkwaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
sinkwadiz (active dual indicative second-person)
sinkwaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
sinkwadiz (active dual imperative second-person)
sinkwamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
sinkwaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
sinkwandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
sinkwaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
sinkwid (active indicative plural second-person)
sinkwaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
sinkwid (active imperative plural second-person)
sinkwandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
sinkwaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
sinkwandi (active indicative plural third-person)
sinkwain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
sinkwandau (active imperative plural third-person)
sinkwandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
sinkwaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
sankw (active first-person indicative singular)
sunkį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
sanht (active indicative second-person singular)
sunkīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
sankw (active indicative singular third-person)
sunkī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
sunkū (active dual first-person indicative)
sunkīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
sunkudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
sunkīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
sunkum (active first-person indicative plural)
sunkīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
sunkud (active indicative plural second-person)
sunkīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
sunkun (active indicative plural third-person)
sunkīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
sinkwandz (active participle present)
sunkanaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *sinkwan
Old English: sincan
Middle English: synken
English: sink
Scots: sink
Old Frisian: sinka
West Frisian: sinke
Old Saxon: sinkan
Low German: sinken
Old Dutch: *sincan
Middle Dutch: sinken
Dutch: zinken
Limburgish: zinke
Old High German: sinkan
Middle High German: sinken
German: sinken
Luxembourgish: sénken
Yiddish: זינקען (zinken)

Old West Norse: søkkva, sænkva

Icelandic: sökkva

Faroese: søkka

Norwegian Nynorsk: søkka

→ Norwegian Bokmål: søkke

Old East Norse: *sinkva
Old Swedish: siunka
Swedish: sjunka
Old Danish: siunkæ
Danish: synke
Norwegian Bokmål: synke
Scanian: sjønka, sjonka, sækka, sjokka
Gutnish: sjunke, sinke

Gothic: 𐍃𐌹𐌲𐌵𐌰𐌽 (sigqan)

From Proto-Indo-European *sengʷ- (“to sink, to drop”). Cognate with Old Armenian անկանիմ (ankanim) and ընկենում (ənkenum).


saltaną

saltō (active first-person indicative singular)
saltaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
saltai (first-person indicative passive singular)
saltizi (active indicative second-person singular)
saltaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
salt (active imperative second-person singular)
saltazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
saltaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
saltidi (active indicative singular third-person)
saltai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
saltadau (active imperative singular third-person)
saltadai (indicative passive singular third-person)
saltaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
saltōz (active dual first-person indicative)
saltaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
saltadiz (active dual indicative second-person)
saltaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
saltadiz (active dual imperative second-person)
saltamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
saltaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
saltandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
saltaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
saltid (active indicative plural second-person)
saltaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
saltid (active imperative plural second-person)
saltandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
saltaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
saltandi (active indicative plural third-person)
saltain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
saltandau (active imperative plural third-person)
saltandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
saltaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
sezalt (active first-person indicative singular)
sezaltį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
sezalst (active indicative second-person singular)
sezaltīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
sezalt (active indicative singular third-person)
sezaltī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
sezaltū (active dual first-person indicative)
sezaltīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
sezaltudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
sezaltīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
sezaltum (active first-person indicative plural)
sezaltīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
sezaltud (active indicative plural second-person)
sezaltīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
sezaltun (active indicative plural third-person)
sezaltīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
saltandz (active participle present)
saltanaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *saltan

Old English: sealtan; sealten (ppl)

Middle English: salten; salten

English: salt; salten

Scots: saut

Old Frisian: *salta; *salten (ppl)

Saterland Frisian: soalten (adj)

⇒ Saterland Frisian: soaltje

⇒ West Frisian: sâltsje

Old Saxon: *saltan; *gisaltan

Middle Low German: solten; solten (ppl)

German Low German: solten; solten (ppl)

Plautdietsch: solten

Old Dutch: *saltan

Middle Dutch: souten

Dutch: zouten (weak, but with a strong participle)

Afrikaans: sout

Old High German: salzan

Middle High German: salzen

German: salzen (weak, but with a strong participle)

Luxembourgish: salzen

Old Norse: salta

Icelandic: salta

Faroese: salta

Old Swedish: salta

Swedish: salta

Old Danish: saltæ

Danish: salte

Gutnish: salte, salt'

Smalandian: salta

Gothic: 𐍃𐌰𐌻𐍄𐌰𐌽 (saltan)

From Pre-Germanic *sh₂ld-, from Proto-Indo-European *seh₂l- with *-d- extension. Cognate with Latin sallō (“to salt”), Old Irish saillid.


sangwaz

sangwaz (nominative singular)
sangwōz (nominative plural)
sangwōs (nominative plural)
sangw (singular vocative)
sangwōz (plural vocative)
sangwōs (plural vocative)
sangwą (accusative singular)
sangwanz (accusative plural)
sangwas (genitive singular)
sangwis (genitive singular)
sangwǫ̂ (genitive plural)
sangwai (dative singular)
sangwamaz (dative plural)
sangwō (instrumental singular)
sangwamiz (instrumental plural)

Proto-West Germanic: *sangu

Old English: sang, song

Middle English: sang, song

Scots: sang, song

English: song

→ Dutch: song

→ German: Song

Yola: zong

Old Frisian: sang, song

Saterland Frisian: Soang

West Frisian: sang

Old Saxon: sang

Middle Low German: sank

Low German: Sang, Gesang

Plautdietsch: Jesank

Old Dutch: *sang

Middle Dutch: sanc

Dutch: zang

Afrikaans: sang

Limburgish: zank, zaank

Old High German: sang; *gisang, kisanch

Middle High German: sanc; gesanc

German: Sang; Gesang

Yiddish: זאַנג (zang)

desctree

Old Norse: sǫngr
Icelandic: söngur
Faroese: songur, sangur
Norn: sang
Norwegian Nynorsk: song
Elfdalian: saungg
Old Swedish: sanger
Swedish: sång
Danish: sang (dial.: sång)
Norwegian Bokmål: sang
Gutnish: sangg, sångg

Gothic: 𐍃𐌰𐌲𐌲𐍅𐍃 (saggws) (i-stem)

/ˈsɑŋʷ.ɡʷɑz/

From Proto-Indo-European *songʷʰos, derived from *singwaną.


rūmą

rūmą (nominative singular)
rūmō (nominative plural)
rūmą (singular vocative)
rūmō (plural vocative)
rūmą (accusative singular)
rūmō (accusative plural)
rūmas (genitive singular)
rūmis (genitive singular)
rūmǫ̂ (genitive plural)
rūmai (dative singular)
rūmamaz (dative plural)
rūmō (instrumental singular)
rūmamiz (instrumental plural)

Proto-West Germanic: *rūm
Old English: rūm
Middle English: roum
English: room
→ Fiji Hindi: rum
→ Scottish Gaelic: rùm
→ Tok Pisin: rum
Scots: rowm, roum
Old Frisian: *rūm
Saterland Frisian: Ruum
Old Saxon: rūm
Middle Low German: rûm
Low German: Ruum
German Low German: Ruum
→ Lower Sorbian: rum
Plautdietsch: Rum
Old Dutch: *rūm
Middle Dutch: ruum
Dutch: ruim
Afrikaans: ruim
Old High German: rūm
Middle High German: rūm
German: Raum
Hunsrik: Raum
Luxembourgish: Raum
Volga German: Raum

Old Norse: rúm

Icelandic: rúm

Faroese: rúm

Norn: rum

Old Swedish: rūm

Swedish: rum

Danish: rum

Elfdalian: ruom

Gutnish: räum, rum, rom

Norwegian: rom

Gothic: 𐍂𐌿𐌼 (rūm)

From Proto-Indo-European *rewh₁- (“open space, land”). See *rūmaz for more.


lēkinō

lēkinō (nominative singular)
lēkinôz (nominative plural)
lēkinō (singular vocative)
lēkinôz (plural vocative)
lēkinǭ (accusative singular)
lēkinōz (accusative plural)
lēkinōz (genitive singular)
lēkinǫ̂ (genitive plural)
lēkinōi (dative singular)
lēkinōmaz (dative plural)
lēkinō (instrumental singular)
lēkinōmiz (instrumental plural)

Old Norse: lækn

Icelandic: lækn


luhatjaną

luhatjō (active first-person indicative singular)
luhatjaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
luhatjai (first-person indicative passive singular)
luhatisi (active indicative second-person singular)
luhatjais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
luhati (active imperative second-person singular)
luhatjasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
luhatjaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
luhatiþi (active indicative singular third-person)
luhatjai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
luhatjaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
luhatjaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
luhatjaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
luhatjōs (active dual first-person indicative)
luhatjaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
luhatjaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
luhatjaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
luhatjaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
luhatjamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
luhatjaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
luhatjanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
luhatjainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
luhatiþ (active indicative plural second-person)
luhatjaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
luhatiþ (active imperative plural second-person)
luhatjanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
luhatjainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
luhatjanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
luhatjain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
luhatjanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
luhatjanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
luhatjainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
luhastǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
luhastēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
luhastēz (active indicative second-person singular)
luhastēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
luhastē (active indicative singular third-person)
luhastēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
luhastēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
luhastēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
luhastēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
luhastēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
luhastēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
luhastēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
luhastēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
luhastēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
luhastēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
luhastēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
luhatjandz (active participle present)
luhatidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Old High German: lohezzen

Gothic: 𐌻𐌰𐌿𐌷𐌰𐍄𐌾𐌰𐌽 (lauhatjan)


rūmaz

*rūmaz (a-stem)

rūmaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
rūmai (masculine nominative plural strong)
rūmō (feminine nominative singular strong)
rūmôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
rūmą (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
rūmō (neuter nominative plural strong)
rūmanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
rūmanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
rūmǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
rūmōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
rūmą (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
rūmō (accusative neuter plural strong)
rūmas (genitive masculine singular strong)
-is (genitive masculine singular strong)
rūmaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
rūmaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
rūmaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
rūmas (genitive neuter singular strong)
-is (genitive neuter singular strong)
rūmaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
rūmammai (dative masculine singular strong)
rūmaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
rūmaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
rūmaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
rūmammai (dative neuter singular strong)
rūmaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
rūmanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
rūmaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
rūmaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
rūmaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
rūmanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
rūmaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
rūmô (masculine nominative singular weak)
rūmaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
rūmǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
rūmōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
rūmô (neuter nominative singular weak)
rūmōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
rūmanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
rūmanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
rūmōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
rūmōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
rūmô (accusative neuter singular weak)
rūmōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
rūminiz (genitive masculine singular weak)
rūmanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
rūmōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
rūmōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
rūminiz (genitive neuter singular weak)
rūmanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
rūmini (dative masculine singular weak)
rūmammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
rūmōni (dative feminine singular weak)
rūmōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
rūmini (dative neuter singular weak)
rūmammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
rūminē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
rūmammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
rūmōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
rūmōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
rūminē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
rūmammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *rūm
Old English: rūm
Middle English: rum, roum
Scots: roum, rowm
English: room (adjective) (archaic)
Old Frisian: rūm
Saterland Frisian: ruum
West Frisian: rom, rûm
Old Saxon: *rūm
Middle Low German: rūm
German Low German: ruum
⇒ German Low German: geruum
Old Dutch: *rūm
Middle Dutch: ruum
Dutch: ruim
Afrikaans: ruim
Old High German: rūmi
Middle High German: rūme
German: raum (rare)

Old Norse: rúmr

Icelandic: rúmur

Faroese: rúmur

Norn: rum

Old Swedish: rūmber

Swedish: rum (archaic)

Danish: rum

Norwegian: rom

Gothic: 𐍂𐌿𐌼𐍃 (rums)

From Pre-Germanic *ruh₁mos, an adjectival mo-stem from Proto-Indo-European *rewh₁- (“open space, land”). Related to Latin rūs (“country”).


-isōną

-isō (active first-person indicative singular)
-isǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
-isōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
-isōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
-isōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
-isō (active imperative second-person singular)
-isōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
-isōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
-isōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
-isō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
-isōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
-isōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
-isōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
-isōs (active dual first-person indicative)
-isōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
-isōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
-isōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
-isōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
-isōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
-isōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
-isōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
-isōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
-isōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
-isōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
-isōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
-isōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
-isōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
-isōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
-isōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
-isōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
-isōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
-isōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
-isōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
-isōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
-isōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
-isōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
-isōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
-isōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
-isōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
-isōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
-isōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
-isōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
-isōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
-isōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
-isōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
-isōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
-isōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
-isōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
-isōndz (active participle present)
-isōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Old English: -sian

Middle English: -sen

English: -se, -ce

Old Saxon: -isōn

Old High German: -isōn

Old Norse: -sa

Icelandic: -sa

Norwegian: -se

Swedish: -sa

Danish: -se

Gothic: -𐌹𐍃𐍉𐌽 (-isōn)

Creates denominatives from adjectives or nouns.


lēkinōną

lēkinō (active first-person indicative singular)
lēkinǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
lēkinōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
lēkinōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
lēkinōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
lēkinō (active imperative second-person singular)
lēkinōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
lēkinōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
lēkinōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
lēkinō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
lēkinōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
lēkinōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
lēkinōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
lēkinōs (active dual first-person indicative)
lēkinōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
lēkinōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
lēkinōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
lēkinōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
lēkinōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
lēkinōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
lēkinōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
lēkinōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
lēkinōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
lēkinōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
lēkinōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
lēkinōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
lēkinōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
lēkinōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
lēkinōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
lēkinōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
lēkinōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
lēkinōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
lēkinōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
lēkinōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
lēkinōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
lēkinōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
lēkinōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
lēkinōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
lēkinōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
lēkinōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
lēkinōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
lēkinōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
lēkinōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
lēkinōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
lēkinōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
lēkinōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
lēkinōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
lēkinōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
lēkinōndz (active participle present)
lēkinōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *lākinōn
Old English: lǣcnian, lācnian
Old Saxon: lāknon
Old High German: lāhhanon, lāhhinon

Old Norse: lækna

Icelandic: lækna

Faroese: lækna

Old Swedish: lǣkia

Swedish: läka

→ Finnish: lääkitä

Gothic: 𐌻𐌴𐌺𐌹𐌽𐍉𐌽 (lēkinōn)


-inōną

-inō (active first-person indicative singular)
-inǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
-inōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
-inōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
-inōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
-inō (active imperative second-person singular)
-inōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
-inōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
-inōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
-inō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
-inōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
-inōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
-inōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
-inōs (active dual first-person indicative)
-inōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
-inōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
-inōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
-inōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
-inōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
-inōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
-inōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
-inōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
-inōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
-inōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
-inōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
-inōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
-inōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
-inōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
-inōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
-inōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
-inōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
-inōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
-inōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
-inōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
-inōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
-inōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
-inōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
-inōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
-inōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
-inōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
-inōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
-inōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
-inōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
-inōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
-inōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
-inōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
-inōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
-inōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
-inōndz (active participle present)
-inōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *-inōn

Old English: -nian

desc

Middle English: -nien, -enien, -nen, -enen

English: -en

Scots: -in, -en

Old Frisian: -nia

Saterland Frisian: -enje

West Frisian: -enje

Old Saxon: *inōn, -nōn

Middle Low German: -enen

Old Dutch: *inon

Middle Dutch: -enen

Old High German: -inōn, -anōn

Middle High German: -enen, -nen

Old Norse: -na

Icelandic: -na

Norwegian Bokmål: -ne

Norwegian Nynorsk: -ne

Swedish: -na

Danish: -ne

Gothic: -𐌹𐌽𐍉𐌽 (-inōn)

Formed from the singular oblique stem of masculine n-stems: *-in- + *-ōną.

Creates denominatives from nouns referring to persons, meaning to be or perform the duties of that person.


singwaną

singwō (active first-person indicative singular)
singwaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
singwai (first-person indicative passive singular)
singwizi (active indicative second-person singular)
singwaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
singw (active imperative second-person singular)
singwazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
singwaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
singwidi (active indicative singular third-person)
singwai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
singwadau (active imperative singular third-person)
singwadai (indicative passive singular third-person)
singwaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
singwōz (active dual first-person indicative)
singwaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
singwadiz (active dual indicative second-person)
singwaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
singwadiz (active dual imperative second-person)
singwamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
singwaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
singwandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
singwaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
singwid (active indicative plural second-person)
singwaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
singwid (active imperative plural second-person)
singwandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
singwaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
singwandi (active indicative plural third-person)
singwain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
singwandau (active imperative plural third-person)
singwandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
singwaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
sangw (active first-person indicative singular)
sungį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
sanht (active indicative second-person singular)
sungīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
sangw (active indicative singular third-person)
sungī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
sungū (active dual first-person indicative)
sungīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
sungudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
sungīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
sungum (active first-person indicative plural)
sungīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
sungud (active indicative plural second-person)
sungīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
sungun (active indicative plural third-person)
sungīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
singwandz (active participle present)
sunganaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *singwan
Old English: singan
Middle English: singen, cingen, cinggen, singgen, singe, synge, syngen, cyngyn, cynggyn; zinge (Kent)
English: sing
Scots: sing
Yola: zing
Old Frisian: singa, siunga, sionga
North Frisian: schong
Saterland Frisian: sjunge
West Frisian: sjonge
Old Saxon: singan
Middle Low German: singen
Low German: singen
Plautdietsch: sinjen
Old Dutch: singan
Middle Dutch: singen
Dutch: zingen
Afrikaans: sing
Berbice Creole Dutch: singgi
Jersey Dutch: sänge
Negerhollands: sing, siṅ
→ Sranan Tongo: singi
→ Caribbean Javanese: singi
Limburgish: zinge
Old High German: singan
Middle High German: singen
Alemannic German:
Swabian:
Sathmar Swabian: singe
Bavarian: singa
Cimbrian: singen
Central Franconian:
Hunsrik: singe
German: singen
Luxembourgish: sangen
Rhine Franconian:
Pennsylvania German: singe
Yiddish: זינגען (zingen)

Old Norse: syngva, syngja
Icelandic: syngja
Faroese: syngja
Norwegian Nynorsk: syngja, syngje, synga, synge
Jamtish: syngje, sjunge
Dalian: singa, siunga
Elfdalian: singga
Old Swedish: siunga
Swedish: sjunga
Old Danish: siungæ
Danish: synge
Norwegian Bokmål: synge
Scanian: sjonga, sjønga
Old Gutnish: singva
Gutnish: singge, singg', singga

Gothic: 𐍃𐌹𐌲𐌲𐍅𐌰𐌽 (siggwan)

Crimean Gothic: singhen

/ˈsiŋʷ.ɡʷɑ.nɑ̃/

From Proto-Indo-European *séngʷʰ-e-ti, from *sengʷʰ- (“to recite, sing”). Cognate with Ancient Greek ὀμφή (omphḗ).


lēkijaz

lēkijaz (nominative singular)
lēkijōz (nominative plural)
lēkijōs (nominative plural)
lēkī (singular vocative)
lēkijōz (plural vocative)
lēkijōs (plural vocative)
lēkiją (accusative singular)
lēkijanz (accusative plural)
lēkijas (genitive singular)
lēkīs (genitive singular)
lēkijǫ̂ (genitive plural)
lēkijai (dative singular)
lēkijamaz (dative plural)
lēkijō (instrumental singular)
lēkijamiz (instrumental plural)

Proto-West Germanic: *lākī
Old English: lǣċe
Middle English: leche
English: leech
Old Frisian: lēka, lētza
Old High German: lāhhi

Old Norse:

Old East Norse: *lækir

Old West Norse: læknir
Icelandic: læknir
Faroese: lækni
Old Swedish: lǣkir, lǣkiare
Swedish: läkare
→ Finnish: lääkäri, lääke
→ Norwegian:
Norwegian Nynorsk: lækjar
Old Danish: lægæ, legi
Danish: læge
→ Norwegian:
Norwegian Bokmål: lege
Norwegian Nynorsk: lege

Gothic: 𐌻𐌴𐌺𐌴𐌹𐍃 (lēkeis)

Uncertain; possibly from *lēkiz (“healing; medicine; healer”) + *-jaz, or borrowed from Proto-Celtic *lēgis of the same root. Perhaps also from Proto-Indo-European *leǵ- (“to collect, gather”), and thus related to Latin legō and Proto-Slavic *lěkъ.


-atjaną

-atjō (active first-person indicative singular)
-atjaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
-atjai (first-person indicative passive singular)
-atisi (active indicative second-person singular)
-atjais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
-ati (active imperative second-person singular)
-atjasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
-atjaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
-atiþi (active indicative singular third-person)
-atjai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
-atjaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
-atjaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
-atjaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
-atjōs (active dual first-person indicative)
-atjaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
-atjaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
-atjaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
-atjaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
-atjamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
-atjaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
-atjanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
-atjainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
-atiþ (active indicative plural second-person)
-atjaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
-atiþ (active imperative plural second-person)
-atjanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
-atjainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
-atjanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
-atjain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
-atjanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
-atjanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
-atjainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
-astǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
-astēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
-astēz (active indicative second-person singular)
-astēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
-astē (active indicative singular third-person)
-astēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
-astēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
-astēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
-astēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
-astēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
-astēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
-astēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
-astēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
-astēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
-astēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
-astēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
-atjandz (active participle present)
-atidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *-attjan
Old English: -ettan
Middle English: thouten (“to address as 'thou'”), yeten (“to address as 'ye'”) (likely); grunten (from Old English grunnettan); spouten,
English: yeet, grunt, fidget (possibly), spout, botch, haunt (via French)
Old High German: -azzen, -ezzen
Middle High German: -ezzen, -zen, -sen
German: -zen, -sen

Old Norse: -ta

Icelandic: -ta

Faroese: -ta

Norwegian Nynorsk: -ta

Old Swedish: -ta

Swedish: -ta

Danish: -te

Norwegian Bokmål: -te

Gothic: -𐌰𐍄𐌾𐌰𐌽 (-atjan)

From Proto-Indo-European *-dyé- (verbal suffix). Cognate with Ancient Greek -άζω (-ázō).

der

Creates verbs from nouns and adjectives, similar to -ise.

Creates intensive verbs from other verbs.


rekwaz

rekwaz (nominative singular)
rekwaz (singular vocative)
rekwaz (accusative singular)
rikwiziz (genitive singular)
rikwizi (dative singular)
rikwizē (instrumental singular)

Old Norse: røkkr n

Icelandic: rökkur

Gothic: 𐍂𐌹𐌵𐌹𐍃 (riqis)


furhtaz

*furhtaz (a-stem)

furhtaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
furhtai (masculine nominative plural strong)
furhtō (feminine nominative singular strong)
furhtôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
furhtą (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
furhtō (neuter nominative plural strong)
furhtanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
furhtanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
furhtǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
furhtōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
furhtą (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
furhtō (accusative neuter plural strong)
furhtas (genitive masculine singular strong)
-is (genitive masculine singular strong)
furhtaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
furhtaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
furhtaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
furhtas (genitive neuter singular strong)
-is (genitive neuter singular strong)
furhtaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
furhtammai (dative masculine singular strong)
furhtaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
furhtaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
furhtaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
furhtammai (dative neuter singular strong)
furhtaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
furhtanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
furhtaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
furhtaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
furhtaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
furhtanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
furhtaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
furhtô (masculine nominative singular weak)
furhtaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
furhtǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
furhtōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
furhtô (neuter nominative singular weak)
furhtōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
furhtanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
furhtanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
furhtōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
furhtōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
furhtô (accusative neuter singular weak)
furhtōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
furhtiniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
furhtanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
furhtōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
furhtōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
furhtiniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
furhtanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
furhtini (dative masculine singular weak)
furhtammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
furhtōni (dative feminine singular weak)
furhtōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
furhtini (dative neuter singular weak)
furhtammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
furhtinē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
furhtammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
furhtōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
furhtōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
furhtinē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
furhtammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *forht
Old English: forht, froht
Old Saxon: forht
Old High German: *forht, *foraht
⇒ Old High German: gotforht, gotforaht

Gothic: 𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌷𐍄𐍃 (faurhts)

A zero-grade derivation in *-to- from Proto-Indo-European *pr̥k- (“fear”). Compare Tocharian B pärsk-.


galīkāną

galīkō (active first-person indicative singular)
galīkaisi (active indicative second-person singular)
galīkai (active imperative second-person singular)
galīkāsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
galīkaiþi (active indicative singular third-person)
galīkāþau (active imperative singular third-person)
galīkāþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
galīkōs (active dual first-person indicative)
galīkāþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
galīkāþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
galīkāmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
galīkānþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
galīkaiþ (active indicative plural second-person)
galīkaiþ (active imperative plural second-person)
galīkānþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
galīkānþi (active indicative plural third-person)
galīkānþau (active imperative plural third-person)
galīkānþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
galīkadǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
galīkadēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
galīkadēz (active indicative second-person singular)
galīkadēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
galīkadē (active indicative singular third-person)
galīkadēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
galīkadēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
galīkadēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
galīkadēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
galīkadēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
galīkadēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
galīkadēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
galīkadēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
galīkadēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
galīkadēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
galīkadēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
galīkāndz (active participle present)
galīkadaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *galīkēn
Old English: ġelīcian
Old Saxon: *gilīkōn
Middle Low German: gelīken
Old Dutch: gilīkon
Old High German: gilīhhēn
Middle High German: gelīchen

Old Norse: líka (*ga- was often lost in Old Norse)

Icelandic: líka

Faroese: líka

Norwegian: like

Swedish: lika

Gothic: 𐌲𐌰𐌻𐌴𐌹𐌺𐌰𐌽 (galeikān)


galīkōną

galīkō (active first-person indicative singular)
galīkǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
galīkōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
galīkōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
galīkōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
galīkō (active imperative second-person singular)
galīkōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
galīkōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
galīkōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
galīkō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
galīkōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
galīkōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
galīkōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
galīkōs (active dual first-person indicative)
galīkōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
galīkōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
galīkōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
galīkōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
galīkōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
galīkōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
galīkōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
galīkōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
galīkōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
galīkōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
galīkōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
galīkōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
galīkōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
galīkōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
galīkōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
galīkōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
galīkōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
galīkōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
galīkōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
galīkōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
galīkōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
galīkōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
galīkōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
galīkōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
galīkōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
galīkōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
galīkōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
galīkōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
galīkōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
galīkōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
galīkōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
galīkōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
galīkōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
galīkōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
galīkōndz (active participle present)
galīkōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Old English: ġelīcian

Old Frisian: līkia

>? Saterland Frisian: gliekje

West Frisian: lykje

Old Saxon: gilīkon

Middle Low German: geliken

Dutch Low Saxon: gelieken

German Low German: glieken

Old Dutch: gilīkon

Middle Dutch: geliken, gheliken, liken
Dutch: gelijken, lijken
Afrikaans: lyk
Jersey Dutch: lāike
Limburgish: gelieke, lieke

Old High German: gilīhhon

Middle High German: gelīchen

Cimbrian: galàichan

German: gleichen

Luxembourgish: gläichen

Yiddish: גלײַכן (glaykhn)

Gothic: 𐌲𐌰𐌻𐌴𐌹𐌺𐍉𐌽 (galeikōn)


fraleusaną

fraleusō (active first-person indicative singular)
fraleusaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
fraleusai (first-person indicative passive singular)
fraliusizi (active indicative second-person singular)
fraleusaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
fraleus (active imperative second-person singular)
fraleusazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
fraleusaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
fraliusidi (active indicative singular third-person)
fraleusai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
fraleusadau (active imperative singular third-person)
fraleusadai (indicative passive singular third-person)
fraleusaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
fraleusōz (active dual first-person indicative)
fraleusaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
fraleusadiz (active dual indicative second-person)
fraleusaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
fraleusadiz (active dual imperative second-person)
fraleusamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
fraleusaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
fraleusandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
fraleusaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
fraliusid (active indicative plural second-person)
fraleusaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
fraliusid (active imperative plural second-person)
fraleusandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
fraleusaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
fraleusandi (active indicative plural third-person)
fraleusain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
fraleusandau (active imperative plural third-person)
fraleusandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
fraleusaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
fralaus (active first-person indicative singular)
fraluzį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
fralaust (active indicative second-person singular)
fraluzīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
fralaus (active indicative singular third-person)
fraluzī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
fraluzū (active dual first-person indicative)
fraluzīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
fraluzudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
fraluzīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
fraluzum (active first-person indicative plural)
fraluzīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
fraluzud (active indicative plural second-person)
fraluzīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
fraluzun (active indicative plural third-person)
fraluzīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
fraleusandz (active participle present)
fraluzanaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *fraleusan
Old English: forlēosan
Middle English: forlesen
English: forlese
Old Frisian: forliāsa
Saterland Frisian: ferljoose
West Frisian: ferlieze
Old Saxon: farliosan
Middle Low German: vorlêsen
German Low German: verlesen
→ Swedish: förlora (from the past participle)
Old Dutch: farliesan
Middle Dutch: verliesen
Dutch: verliezen
Afrikaans: verloor (from the past participle)
Limburgish: verleze
Old High German: firliosan
Middle High German: verliesen
Cimbrian: vorliiran, borliiran (Mezzaselva)
German: verlieren
Kölsch: verliere
Luxembourgish: verléieren
Pennsylvania German: verliere
Swabian: verliera
Yiddish: פֿאַרלירן (farlirn)

Gothic: 𐍆𐍂𐌰𐌻𐌹𐌿𐍃𐌰𐌽 (fraliusan)


wandijaną

wandijō (active first-person indicative singular)
wandijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
wandijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
wandīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
wandijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
wandī (active imperative second-person singular)
wandijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
wandijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
wandīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
wandijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
wandijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
wandijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
wandijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
wandijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
wandijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
wandijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
wandijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
wandijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
wandijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
wandijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
wandijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
wandijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
wandīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
wandijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
wandīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
wandijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
wandijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
wandijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
wandijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
wandijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
wandijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
wandijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
wandidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
wandidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
wandidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
wandidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
wandidē (active indicative singular third-person)
wandidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
wandidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
wandidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
wandidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
wandidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
wandidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
wandidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
wandidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
wandidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
wandidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
wandidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
wandijandz (active participle present)
wandidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *wandijan
Old English: wendan
Middle English: wenden
English: wend
Scots: wend
Old Frisian: wenda
North Frisian: wende
Saterland Frisian: weende
West Frisian: weine
Old Saxon: wendian
Middle Low German: wenden
German Low German: wennen
Old Dutch: wenden
Middle Dutch: wenden
Dutch: wenden
Old High German: wenten
Middle High German: wenden
German: wenden
Luxembourgish: wennen
Yiddish: ווענדן (vendn)

Old Norse: venda

Icelandic: venda

Faroese: venda

Norwegian: vende

Old Swedish: vænda

Swedish: vända

Danish: vende

Gothic: 𐍅𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌽 (wandjan)


garwaz

*garwaz (a-stem)

garwaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
garwai (masculine nominative plural strong)
garwō (feminine nominative singular strong)
garwôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
garwą (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
garwō (neuter nominative plural strong)
garwanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
garwanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
garwǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
garwōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
garwą (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
garwō (accusative neuter plural strong)
garwas (genitive masculine singular strong)
-is (genitive masculine singular strong)
garwaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
garwaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
garwaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
garwas (genitive neuter singular strong)
-is (genitive neuter singular strong)
garwaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
garwammai (dative masculine singular strong)
garwaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
garwaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
garwaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
garwammai (dative neuter singular strong)
garwaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
garwanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
garwaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
garwaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
garwaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
garwanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
garwaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
garwô (masculine nominative singular weak)
garwaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
garwǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
garwōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
garwô (neuter nominative singular weak)
garwōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
garwanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
garwanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
garwōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
garwōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
garwô (accusative neuter singular weak)
garwōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
garwiniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
garwanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
garwōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
garwōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
garwiniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
garwanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
garwini (dative masculine singular weak)
garwammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
garwōni (dative feminine singular weak)
garwōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
garwini (dative neuter singular weak)
garwammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
garwinē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
garwammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
garwōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
garwōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
garwinē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
garwammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

Proto-West Germanic: *garu
Old English: ġearu, ġearo
Middle English: ȝare, yare
Scots: yare
English: yare, yar
Old Frisian: *gar, *jer
Saterland Frisian: goar
Old Saxon: garo, garu
Middle Low German: gāre, gār
German Low German: gaar
Old Dutch: garo
Middle Dutch: gāer
Dutch: gaar (“cooked, done”)
Afrikaans: gaar
Old High German: garo, karo
Middle High German: gare, gar
German: gar (“cooked, done”)
Luxembourgish: guer

Old Norse: gǫrr, gerr

Icelandic: gjör, ger

Old Swedish: gør, gior

→ Scots: gar, gare, gair

→ Proto-Samic:

Northern Sami: gárvvis

Southern Sami: gaervies

Probably from *ga- + *arwaz (“ready, fast”).


windaną

windō (active first-person indicative singular)
windaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
windai (first-person indicative passive singular)
windizi (active indicative second-person singular)
windaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
wind (active imperative second-person singular)
windazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
windaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
windidi (active indicative singular third-person)
windai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
windadau (active imperative singular third-person)
windadai (indicative passive singular third-person)
windaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
windōz (active dual first-person indicative)
windaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
windadiz (active dual indicative second-person)
windaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
windadiz (active dual imperative second-person)
windamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
windaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
windandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
windaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
windid (active indicative plural second-person)
windaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
windid (active imperative plural second-person)
windandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
windaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
windandi (active indicative plural third-person)
windain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
windandau (active imperative plural third-person)
windandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
windaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
wand (active first-person indicative singular)
wundį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
wanst (active indicative second-person singular)
wundīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
wand (active indicative singular third-person)
wundī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
wundū (active dual first-person indicative)
wundīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
wundudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
wundīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
wundum (active first-person indicative plural)
wundīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
wundud (active indicative plural second-person)
wundīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
wundun (active indicative plural third-person)
wundīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
windandz (active participle present)
wundanaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Old English: windan
Middle English: wynden
English: wind
Scots: wind, wund, win, wun

Old Frisian: winda

Saterland Frisian: wiende

West Frisian: wine

Old Saxon: windan

Middle Low German: winden

Low German: winden

Old Dutch: *windan
Middle Dutch: winden
Dutch: winden
Limburgish: winje

Old High German: wintan

Middle High German: winden

German: winden

Luxembourgish: wënnen

Old Norse: vinda

Icelandic: vinda

Faroese: vinda

Norwegian: vinde

Old Swedish: vinda

Swedish: vinda

Danish: vinde

Gothic: *𐍅𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌽 (*windan) (in derivates)

From Proto-Indo-European *wendʰ- (“to turn, wind, braid”). Cognate with Old Armenian գինդ (gind).