nēdiz

nēdiz (nominative singular)
nēdīz (nominative plural)
nēdi (singular vocative)
nēdīz (plural vocative)
nēdį (accusative singular)
nēdinz (accusative plural)
nēdīz (genitive singular)
nēdijǫ̂ (genitive plural)
nēdī (dative singular)
nēdimaz (dative plural)
nēdī (instrumental singular)
nēdimiz (instrumental plural)

Old Frisian: *nād, *nēd

Saterland Frisian: Näid

West Frisian: naad (possibly borrowed from Dutch)

Old Saxon: *nād

Middle Low German: nât

German Low German: Nahd

Old Dutch: *nād

Middle Dutch: naet

Dutch: naad

Old High German: nāt

Middle High German: nāt

German: Naht

From Proto-Indo-European *(s)neh₁- (“to spin; sew”). Cognate with Ancient Greek νέσις (nésis, “spinning”).


hlīþrō

hlīþrō (nominative singular)
hlīþrôz (nominative plural)
hlīþrō (singular vocative)
hlīþrôz (plural vocative)
hlīþrǭ (accusative singular)
hlīþrōz (accusative plural)
hlīþrōz (genitive singular)
hlīþrǫ̂ (genitive plural)
hlīþrōi (dative singular)
hlīþrōmaz (dative plural)
hlīþrō (instrumental singular)
hlīþrōmiz (instrumental plural)

Old Norse: *hlíðr

Old Swedish: *hlīþer

Swedish: lider

Gothic: 𐌷𐌻𐌴𐌹𐌸𐍂𐌰 (hleiþra)

From Proto-Indo-European *ḱléytreh₂ (“shelter, covering”). Equivalent to *hlīdaną + *-þrō.


hulisō

hulisō (nominative singular)
hulisôz (nominative plural)
hulisō (singular vocative)
hulisôz (plural vocative)
hulisǭ (accusative singular)
hulisōz (accusative plural)
hulisōz (genitive singular)
hulisǫ̂ (genitive plural)
hulisōi (dative singular)
hulisōmaz (dative plural)
hulisō (instrumental singular)
hulisōmiz (instrumental plural)

Old Dutch: *hulisa

Middle Dutch: *hulse

Dutch: huls

Old High German: hulisa

German: Hülse

From Proto-Indo-European *ḱélōs, from *ḱel- (“to cover”).


hlidą

hlidą (nominative singular)
hlidō (nominative plural)
hlidą (singular vocative)
hlidō (plural vocative)
hlidą (accusative singular)
hlidō (accusative plural)
hlidas (genitive singular)
hlidis (genitive singular)
hlidǫ̂ (genitive plural)
hlidai (dative singular)
hlidamaz (dative plural)
hlidō (instrumental singular)
hlidamiz (instrumental plural)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *hlid
Old English: hlid
Middle English: lid
English: lid
Old Frisian: *hlid
Saterland Frisian: Lid
Old Dutch: *lid
Middle Dutch: lit (rare)
Dutch: lid (rare)
Old High German: hlit

Old Norse: hlið

Icelandic: hlið

From Proto-Indo-European *ḱlitóm (“that which is covered”), from the adjective *ḱlitós (“covered”), from the root *ḱley- (“to shelter, cover”).


hlīdō

hlīdō (nominative singular)
hlīdôz (nominative plural)
hlīdō (singular vocative)
hlīdôz (plural vocative)
hlīdǭ (accusative singular)
hlīdōz (accusative plural)
hlīdōz (genitive singular)
hlīdǫ̂ (genitive plural)
hlīdōi (dative singular)
hlīdōmaz (dative plural)
hlīdō (instrumental singular)
hlīdōmiz (instrumental plural)

Proto-West Germanic: *hlīdu

Old Saxon: *hlīda

Middle Low German: *lîd, *lît

⇒ Middle Low German: lîtkōp

Old Dutch: *hlīda

Middle Dutch: lijde

Old High German: hlīta, līta

Middle High German: līte

German: Leite

desctree

Old Norse: hlíð
Icelandic: hlíð
Faroese: líð
Norwegian Bokmål: li
Norwegian Nynorsk: li
Old Swedish: līþ
Swedish: lid, li
Old Danish: liidh
Danish: li, lid, lide

From Proto-Indo-European *ḱleytéh₂ (“something leaned, inclined”).


uzsehwaną

uzsehwō (active first-person indicative singular)
uzsehwaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
uzsehwai (first-person indicative passive singular)
uzsihwizi (active indicative second-person singular)
uzsehwaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
uzsehw (active imperative second-person singular)
uzsehwazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
uzsehwaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
uzsihwidi (active indicative singular third-person)
uzsehwai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
uzsehwadau (active imperative singular third-person)
uzsehwadai (indicative passive singular third-person)
uzsehwaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
uzsehwōz (active dual first-person indicative)
uzsehwaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
uzsehwadiz (active dual indicative second-person)
uzsehwaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
uzsehwadiz (active dual imperative second-person)
uzsehwamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
uzsehwaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
uzsehwandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
uzsehwaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
uzsihwid (active indicative plural second-person)
uzsehwaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
uzsihwid (active imperative plural second-person)
uzsehwandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
uzsehwaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
uzsehwandi (active indicative plural third-person)
uzsehwain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
uzsehwandau (active imperative plural third-person)
uzsehwandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
uzsehwaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
uzsahw (active first-person indicative singular)
uzsēwį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
uzsaht (active indicative second-person singular)
uzsēwīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
uzsahw (active indicative singular third-person)
uzsēwī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
uzsēgū (active dual first-person indicative)
uzsēwīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
uzsēgudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
uzsēwīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
uzsēgum (active first-person indicative plural)
uzsēwīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
uzsēgud (active indicative plural second-person)
uzsēwīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
uzsēgun (active indicative plural third-person)
uzsēwīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
uzsehwandz (active participle present)
uzsewanaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Old English: āsēon

Middle English: asēn

Old Frisian: āsiā

Old Saxon: *arsehan

Middle Low German: ersēn

Old High German: arsehan, irsehan

desc

Middle High German: irsēn, irsegen, ersehen

German: ersehen

Gothic: 𐌿𐍃𐍃𐌰𐌹𐍈𐌰𐌽 (ussaiƕan)


marikiz

marikiz (nominative singular)
marikīz (nominative plural)
mariki (singular vocative)
marikīz (plural vocative)
marikį (accusative singular)
marikinz (accusative plural)
marikīz (genitive singular)
marikijǫ̂ (genitive plural)
marikī (dative singular)
marikimaz (dative plural)
marikī (instrumental singular)
marikimiz (instrumental plural)

Old English: meriċi, mereċe, mearċe, merċe

Middle English: merche, marche

⇒ Old English: wudumerċe, wudemerċe

Middle English: wudemerch, wodemarch

English: woodmarch

Old Saxon: *meriki, *merik

Middle Low German: merk

Old High German: merk, merc

Middle High German: *merk

German: Merk

Old Norse: merki

From Proto-Indo-European *móri (“water, sea”).


hūwilōną

hūwilō (active first-person indicative singular)
hūwilǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
hūwilōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
hūwilōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
hūwilōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
hūwilō (active imperative second-person singular)
hūwilōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
hūwilōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
hūwilōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
hūwilō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
hūwilōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
hūwilōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
hūwilōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
hūwilōs (active dual first-person indicative)
hūwilōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
hūwilōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
hūwilōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
hūwilōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
hūwilōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
hūwilōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
hūwilōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
hūwilōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
hūwilōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
hūwilōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
hūwilōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
hūwilōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
hūwilōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
hūwilōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
hūwilōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
hūwilōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
hūwilōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
hūwilōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
hūwilōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
hūwilōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
hūwilōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
hūwilōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
hūwilōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
hūwilōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
hūwilōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
hūwilōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
hūwilōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
hūwilōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
hūwilōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
hūwilōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
hūwilōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
hūwilōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
hūwilōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
hūwilōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
hūwilōndz (active participle present)
hūwilōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *hūilōn, *hūlōn
Old English: *hūlian
Middle English: hulen, houlen, howlen
English: howl
Scots: howl
Old Frisian: *hūlia
Saterland Frisian: huulje
West Frisian: huilje
Old Saxon: *hūwilōn, *hūlōn
Middle Low German: hü̂len, hûlen
German Low German: hulen
→ Danish: hyle
→ Norwegian:
Norwegian Bokmål: hyle
Norwegian Nynorsk: hyla
→ Swedish: hyla
Old Dutch: *hūlon
Middle Dutch: hulen
Dutch: huilen
Afrikaans: huil
Negerhollands: hyelen, hyel
Limburgish: hule
Old High German: hūwilōn, hūlōn; hiuwilōn, hiwilōn
Middle High German: hūwelen, hūwlen, hūlen; hiuwelen, hiulen, hielen
Alemannic German: hüüwle
German: heulen
→ Old French: uller, ouler

Old Norse: ýla, úla

Icelandic: ýla

Faroese: ýla

Norwegian Nynorsk: yla, ula

Swedish: yla

Ultimately of imitative origin. Said by Pokorny to be from Proto-Indo-European *kū-, but others dispute this. Also compare *heufaną (“to lament”), *uwwalǭ (“owl”) and Proto-West Germanic *hūō.

onomatopoeic

imitative


klintaz

klintaz (nominative singular)
klintōz (nominative plural)
klintōs (nominative plural)
klint (singular vocative)
klintōz (plural vocative)
klintōs (plural vocative)
klintą (accusative singular)
klintanz (accusative plural)
klintas (genitive singular)
klintis (genitive singular)
klintǫ̂ (genitive plural)
klintai (dative singular)
klintamaz (dative plural)
klintō (instrumental singular)
klintamiz (instrumental plural)

Proto-West Germanic: *klint

Old Saxon: *klint

Middle Low German: *klint

German Low German: Klint

desctree

Old Norse: klettr
Danish: klit
Faroese: klettur
Norn: klett
Icelandic: klettur
Norwegian: klett
Swedish: klätt
→ Scottish Gaelic: cleit

Uncertain; hypothetically from Proto-Indo-European *glendos (“shore”), but the only cognate is Proto-Celtic *glendos (“valley”) (along with its descendants). They are alternatively suggested to be of shared substrate origin.


raubārijaz

Old English: rēafere

Middle English: revere

Scots: revar, rever

English: reaver

Old High German: roubari

Middle High German: röubære, roubære, roubāre

German: Räuber

Old Norse: raufari

From *raubaz (“rape, pillage, robbery”) + *-ārijaz.


þehsulǭ

þehsulǭ (nominative singular)
þehsulōniz (nominative plural)
þehsulǭ (singular vocative)
þehsulōniz (plural vocative)
þehsulōnų (accusative singular)
þehsulōnunz (accusative plural)
þehsulōniz (genitive singular)
þehsulōnǫ̂ (genitive plural)
þehsulōni (dative singular)
þehsulōmaz (dative plural)
þehsulōnē (instrumental singular)
þehsulōmiz (instrumental plural)

Proto-West Germanic: *þehsulā

Old English: *þeoxle

desc

Middle English: thyxyl, thyxylle, thixil, tyxhyl

Old Frisian: *thioxel, *thiuxel

Saterland Frisian: Tjuksel

West Frisian: tsjoksel

Old Saxon: *thehsala

Middle Low German: desle, dessele, dessel, dēssel, deissel

Old Dutch: *thehsal

Middle Dutch: dessel, dissel, diessel

Dutch: dissel

Afrikaans: dissel

Old High German: dehsala, dehsila

Middle High German: dëhsel, dihsel

German: Dechsel

→ Danish: diksel

Old Norse: þexla

Icelandic: þexla

Swedish: tängsla, täxla (dialectal)

Norwegian Bokmål: teksel

Norwegian Nynorsk: teksla

Old Danish: þæxla

Danish: tenxle, tængsel, tengsel, tingsel

From *þehs- (“to hew; hackle”), from Proto-Indo-European *teḱs- (“weaponry”). Cognate with Latin tēlum (“throwing axe, weapon, spear”).


salhô

gem-decl-noun-table

*salhô (an-stem)

salhô (nominative singular)
salhaniz (nominative plural)
salhô (singular vocative)
salhaniz (plural vocative)
salhanų (accusative singular)
salhanunz (accusative plural)
salhiniz (genitive singular)
salhanǫ̂ (genitive plural)
salhini (dative singular)
salhammaz (dative plural)
salhinē (instrumental singular)
salhammiz (instrumental plural)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *salh
Old English: sealh, saliġ
Middle English: salwe, saly
English: sallow, sally
Old Saxon: *salha
Middle Low German: *sale
⇒ Middle Low German: salewîde)
Old High German: salaha
Middle High German: salehe, salhe
⇒ Middle High German: salewīde
German: Salweide
→ Old French: saule
Middle French: saule
French: saule

Old Norse: selja (< *salhijǭ)

Icelandic: selja f

Norwegian Nynorsk: selje

Norwegian Bokmål: selje m or f

Swedish: sälg c

→? Proto-Finnic: *salaga (see there for further descendants)

From Proto-Indo-European *sh₂lk- (“willow”). Cognate with Welsh helyg, Latin salix.


marjaną

marjō (active first-person indicative singular)
marjaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
marjai (first-person indicative passive singular)
marisi (active indicative second-person singular)
marjais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
mari (active imperative second-person singular)
marjasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
marjaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
mariþi (active indicative singular third-person)
marjai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
marjaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
marjaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
marjaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
marjōs (active dual first-person indicative)
marjaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
marjaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
marjaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
marjaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
marjamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
marjaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
marjanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
marjainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
mariþ (active indicative plural second-person)
marjaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
mariþ (active imperative plural second-person)
marjanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
marjainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
marjanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
marjain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
marjanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
marjanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
marjainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
maridǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
maridēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
maridēz (active indicative second-person singular)
maridēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
maridē (active indicative singular third-person)
maridēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
maridēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
maridēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
maridēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
maridēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
maridēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
maridēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
maridēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
maridēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
maridēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
maridēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
marjandz (active participle present)
maridaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Old English: merian

Middle English: meren

Old Saxon: *merian

Middle Low German: mēren

Old High German: *meren

Middle High German: meren, mern

Old Norse: merja

Faroese: merja

Icelandic: merja

From Proto-Indo-European *mer- (“to rub, grab, steal”).


skauba-

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *skaub
Old English: sċēaf
Middle English: scheef
English: sheaf
Scots: schefe, scheif
Old Frisian: *skāf
Saterland Frisian: Schoof, Schoowe
West Frisian: skeaf
Old Saxon: skōf
Middle Low German: schôf
Low German: Schoof
→ German: Schof
Old Dutch: *skōf
Middle Dutch: scoef, schoof
Dutch: schoof
Old High German: skoub, scoub
Middle High German: schoup
German: Schaub

Old Norse: skauf

Danish: skæv

Icelandic: skauf

Uncertain. Possibly from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kewp- (“tuft, cluster, hair on the head”), related to Gothic 𐍃𐌺𐌿𐍆𐍄 (skuft, “hair of the head”), German Schopf (“tuft”), Albanian çup (“without tail, maimed”).


fahaną

fahō (active first-person indicative singular)
fahaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
fahai (first-person indicative passive singular)
fahizi (active indicative second-person singular)
fahaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
fah (active imperative second-person singular)
fahazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
fahaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
fahidi (active indicative singular third-person)
fahai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
fahadau (active imperative singular third-person)
fahadai (indicative passive singular third-person)
fahaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
fahōz (active dual first-person indicative)
fahaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
fahadiz (active dual indicative second-person)
fahaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
fahadiz (active dual imperative second-person)
fahamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
fahaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
fahandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
fahaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
fahid (active indicative plural second-person)
fahaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
fahid (active imperative plural second-person)
fahandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
fahaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
fahandi (active indicative plural third-person)
fahain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
fahandau (active imperative plural third-person)
fahandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
fahaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
fōg (active first-person indicative singular)
fōgį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
fōht (active indicative second-person singular)
fōgīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
fōg (active indicative singular third-person)
fōgī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
fōgū (active dual first-person indicative)
fōgīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
fōgudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
fōgīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
fōgum (active first-person indicative plural)
fōgīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
fōgud (active indicative plural second-person)
fōgīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
fōgun (active indicative plural third-person)
fōgīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
fahandz (active participle present)
faganaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Derived from Proto-Indo-European *peh₂ḱ- (“to fasten, place”). Cognate with Latin pangere (“to fasten”).


garwakōną

garwakō (active first-person indicative singular)
garwakǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
garwakōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
garwakōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
garwakōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
garwakō (active imperative second-person singular)
garwakōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
garwakōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
garwakōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
garwakō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
garwakōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
garwakōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
garwakōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
garwakōs (active dual first-person indicative)
garwakōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
garwakōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
garwakōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
garwakōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
garwakōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
garwakōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
garwakōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
garwakōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
garwakōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
garwakōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
garwakōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
garwakōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
garwakōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
garwakōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
garwakōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
garwakōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
garwakōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
garwakōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
garwakōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
garwakōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
garwakōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
garwakōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
garwakōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
garwakōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
garwakōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
garwakōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
garwakōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
garwakōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
garwakōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
garwakōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
garwakōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
garwakōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
garwakōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
garwakōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
garwakōndz (active participle present)
garwakōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *garwakōn

Old English: ġearcian

Middle English: yerken

English: yerk

From Proto-Indo-European *gʰrebʰ- (“to grab, take”).


flekka-

Proto-West Germanic: *flekk, *flakk

Old English: *flecc, *flæcc

cog

Middle English: *flekk (attested in Middle English flekked (past participle))

English: fleck

Old Frisian: *flekk (attested in Old Frisian flekka; flekkia)

Saterland Frisian: Fläk

West Frisian: flek

Old Saxon: *flek, *flak

desc

Middle Low German: flek, vlek, vlak, vlack

German Low German: Fleck

Old Dutch: flec (in names); flecka f

Middle Dutch: vlecke, vlacke

Dutch: vlek

desctree

Old High German: flek, flec
Middle High German: vlëc
German: Fleck
Yiddish: פֿלעק (flek)

Old Norse: flekkr

Icelandic: flekkur

Faroese: flekkur

Norwegian: flekk

Swedish: fläck

Uncertain, possibly from Proto-Indo-European *pleyḱ- (“to tear”), related to Lithuanian plėšti (“to tear”). But see Proto-Indo-European *pel- (“to beat, push, drive”).
Maybe related to *flakaz (“flat”) if the original sense was rather "place, region".

der

flecke

Old High German: flekko, flecko; Middle High German


hrōtaz

gem-decl-noun-table

*hrōtaz (a-stem)

hrōtaz (nominative singular)
hrōtōz (nominative plural)
-ōs (nominative plural)
hrōt (singular vocative)
hrōtōz (plural vocative)
-ōs (plural vocative)
hrōtą (accusative singular)
hrōtanz (accusative plural)
hrōtas (genitive singular)
-is (genitive singular)
hrōtǫ̂ (genitive plural)
hrōtai (dative singular)
hrōtamaz (dative plural)
hrōtō (instrumental singular)
hrōtamiz (instrumental plural)

Old Frisian: *hrōt

Saterland Frisian: Rout

West Frisian: roet, ruot

Old Saxon: hrōt

Middle Low German: rôt, rût

German Low German: Root

Old Dutch: *ruot

Middle Dutch: roet

Dutch: roet

Old High German: hruoz, ruoz

Middle High German: ruoz

Alemannic German: Ruus

German: Ruß

→ Proto-Samic: *ruottē (see there for further descendants)

From Proto-Indo-European *kreH(u)d- (“grime, soot”).


sōtą

gem-decl-noun-table

*sōtą (a-stem)

sōtą (nominative singular)
sōtō (nominative plural)
sōtą (singular vocative)
sōtō (plural vocative)
sōtą (accusative singular)
sōtō (accusative plural)
sōtas (genitive singular)
-is (genitive singular)
sōtǫ̂ (genitive plural)
sōtai (dative singular)
sōtamaz (dative plural)
sōtō (instrumental singular)
sōtamiz (instrumental plural)

Proto-West Germanic: *sōt

Old English: sōt

Middle English: soot, sot, sote, soote

English: soot

Scots: sute, suit

Old Saxon: *sōt

Middle Low German: sôt

German Low German: Soot

Old Dutch: *sōt

Middle Dutch: soet

Dutch: zoet

Old Norse: sót

Danish: sod

Faroese: sót

Icelandic: sót

Norwegian: sot

Swedish: sot

From a lengthened o-grade of *sitjaną (“to sit”), reflecting the nature of soot as accumulated particles that sit on surfaces.


stukōną

stukō (active first-person indicative singular)
stukǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
stukōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
stukōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
stukōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
stukō (active imperative second-person singular)
stukōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
stukōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
stukōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
stukō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
stukōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
stukōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
stukōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
stukōs (active dual first-person indicative)
stukōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
stukōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
stukōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
stukōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
stukōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
stukōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
stukōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
stukōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
stukōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
stukōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
stukōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
stukōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
stukōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
stukōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
stukōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
stukōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
stukōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
stukōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
stukōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
stukōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
stukōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
stukōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
stukōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
stukōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
stukōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
stukōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
stukōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
stukōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
stukōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
stukōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
stukōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
stukōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
stukōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
stukōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
stukōndz (active participle present)
stukōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *stokōn
>? Old English: *stocian
Middle English: stoken (possibly a borrowing)
English: stoke
Old Saxon: *stokon
Middle Low German: stōken, stȫken, stöcken
⇒ German Low German: stökeln; stökern
Old Dutch: *stokon
Middle Dutch: stōken
Dutch: stoken
→ Old French: estoquer; estochier
Middle French: estoquer
French: estoquer
Spanish: estoquear
>? Old High German: *stohhōn
>? Middle High German: *stochen
German: stochen (since 15th c., possibly from Low German)
⇒ German: stochern

Old Norse: *stoka

Norwegian Nynorsk: stauka

From Proto-Indo-European *(s)tewg- (“to beat, push”).


handusahsą

handusahsą (nominative singular)
handusahsō (nominative plural)
handusahsą (singular vocative)
handusahsō (plural vocative)
handusahsą (accusative singular)
handusahsō (accusative plural)
handusahsas (genitive singular)
handusahsis (genitive singular)
handusahsǫ̂ (genitive plural)
handusahsai (dative singular)
handusahsamaz (dative plural)
handusahsō (instrumental singular)
handusahsamiz (instrumental plural)

Proto-West Germanic: *handusahs

Old English: handseax

Middle English: hond-sæx

Old Norse: handsax

Icelandic: handsax


þarzijaną

þarzijō (active first-person indicative singular)
þarzijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
þarzijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
þarzīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
þarzijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
þarzī (active imperative second-person singular)
þarzijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
þarzijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
þarzīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
þarzijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
þarzijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
þarzijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
þarzijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
þarzijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
þarzijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
þarzijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
þarzijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
þarzijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
þarzijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
þarzijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
þarzijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
þarzijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
þarzīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
þarzijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
þarzīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
þarzijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
þarzijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
þarzijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
þarzijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
þarzijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
þarzijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
þarzijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
þarzidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
þarzidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
þarzidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
þarzidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
þarzidē (active indicative singular third-person)
þarzidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
þarzidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
þarzidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
þarzidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
þarzidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
þarzidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
þarzidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
þarzidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
þarzidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
þarzidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
þarzidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
þarzijandz (active participle present)
þarzidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *þarʀijan
Old High German: derren
Middle High German: derren
Cimbrian: dèrran
German: dörren
→ Old French: tarir
French: tarir

Old Norse: þerra
Icelandic: þerra
Norwegian: terra, terre

From Proto-Indo-European *torséyeti (“to make dry”). Equivalent to *þersaną + *-janą.


feþlą

gem-decl-noun-table

*feþlą (a-stem)

feþlą (nominative singular)
feþlō (nominative plural)
feþlą (singular vocative)
feþlō (plural vocative)
feþlą (accusative singular)
feþlō (accusative plural)
feþlas (genitive singular)
-is (genitive singular)
feþlǫ̂ (genitive plural)
feþlai (dative singular)
feþlamaz (dative plural)
feþlō (instrumental singular)
feþlamiz (instrumental plural)

Proto-West Germanic: *feþl

Old High German: *fedel

desc

⇒ Old High German: fedelgold, pfedelgold

⇒ Old High German: fedelgoldōn, pfedelgoldōn

From pre-Germanic *péth₂lom, from Proto-Indo-European *peth₂-. Cognate with Ancient Greek πέταλον (pétalon).


asjǭ

asjǭ (nominative singular)
asjōniz (nominative plural)
asjǭ (singular vocative)
asjōniz (plural vocative)
asjōnų (accusative singular)
asjōnunz (accusative plural)
asjōniz (genitive singular)
asjōnǫ̂ (genitive plural)
asjōni (dative singular)
asjōmaz (dative plural)
asjōnē (instrumental singular)
asjōmiz (instrumental plural)

Old High German: essa (“forge, melting-oven”)

Middle High German: esse

German: Esse (“chimney”) (regional)

Old Norse: esja

Old Swedish: æsia

Swedish: ässja

Danish: esse

→ Proto-Samic: *āšō (see there for further descendants)

→ Proto-Finnic: *ahjo (see there for further descendants)


-ukaz

-ukaz (nominative singular)
-ukōz (nominative plural)
-ukōs (nominative plural)
-uk (singular vocative)
-ukōz (plural vocative)
-ukōs (plural vocative)
-uką (accusative singular)
-ukanz (accusative plural)
-ukas (genitive singular)
-ukis (genitive singular)
-ukǫ̂ (genitive plural)
-ukai (dative singular)
-ukamaz (dative plural)
-ukō (instrumental singular)
-ukamiz (instrumental plural)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *-uk, *-ik
Old English: -oc, -uc
Middle English: -ok, -oc, -ock, -oq, -og, -uc, -uk, -uck; -ek, -ak, -ke, -k (rare), -ek
English: -ock, -ick, -ik (dialectal)
Scots: -ock, -ockie
Yola: -ok, -uck, -ick
Old Saxon: *-uk, *-ik
Middle Low German: -ek, -k
German Low German: -k
Old Dutch: -ok, -k
Middle Dutch: -oc, -c
Dutch: -k (fossilised)
Old High German: -uh, -ih
Middle High German: -ech, -ch
German: -ich

Gothic: *-𐌿𐌺𐍃 (*-uks)

Old Norse: *-kr


frōkni

frōkni (nominative singular)
frōknī (nominative plural)
frōkni (singular vocative)
frōknī (plural vocative)
frōkni (accusative singular)
frōknī (accusative plural)
frōknīz (genitive singular)
frōknijǫ̂ (genitive plural)
frōknī (dative singular)
frōknimaz (dative plural)
frōknī (instrumental singular)
frōknimiz (instrumental plural)

Proto-West Germanic: *frōkni, *frōknī

Old English: frœ̄cne, frēcne, frēcen


frōkniz

frōkniz (masculine nominative singular strong)
frōknijai (masculine nominative plural strong)
frōknī (feminine nominative singular strong)
frōknijôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
frōknį (neuter nominative singular strong)
-jatō (neuter nominative singular strong)
frōknijō (neuter nominative plural strong)
frōknijanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
frōknijanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
frōknijǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
frōknijōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
frōknį (accusative neuter singular strong)
-jatō (accusative neuter singular strong)
frōknijō (accusative neuter plural strong)
frōknijas (genitive masculine singular strong)
frōknīs (genitive masculine singular strong)
frōknijaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
frōknijaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
frōknijaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
frōknijas (genitive neuter singular strong)
frōknīs (genitive neuter singular strong)
frōknijaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
frōknijammai (dative masculine singular strong)
frōknijaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
frōknijaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
frōknijaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
frōknijammai (dative neuter singular strong)
frōknijaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
frōknijanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
frōknijaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
frōknijaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
frōknijaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
frōknijanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
frōknijaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
frōknijô (masculine nominative singular weak)
frōknijaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
frōknijǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
frōknijōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
frōknijô (neuter nominative singular weak)
frōknijōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
frōknijanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
frōknijanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
frōknijōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
frōknijōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
frōknijô (accusative neuter singular weak)
frōknijōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
frōknīniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
frōknijanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
frōknijōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
frōknijōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
frōknīniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
frōknijanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
frōknīni (dative masculine singular weak)
frōknijammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
frōknijōni (dative feminine singular weak)
frōknijōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
frōknīni (dative neuter singular weak)
frōknijammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
frōknīnē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
frōknijammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
frōknijōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
frōknijōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
frōknīnē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
frōknijammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

Proto-West Germanic: *frōknī

Old English: frēcne, frǣcne

⇒ Old English: frēcnes, frǣcnes

Middle English: frecnesse

Old Saxon: frōkni, frēkni

Old High German: *fruohhan

⇒ Old High German: fruohhanī

Old Norse: frœkn, frǿkn

Icelandic: frækn

Presumed vṛddhi gerundive of unattested *fraknaną, possibly from Proto-Indo-European *preg- (“to yearn; to covet”).


wiþiwindǭ

wiþiwindǭ (nominative singular)
wiþiwindōniz (nominative plural)
wiþiwindǭ (singular vocative)
wiþiwindōniz (plural vocative)
wiþiwindōnų (accusative singular)
wiþiwindōnunz (accusative plural)
wiþiwindōniz (genitive singular)
wiþiwindōnǫ̂ (genitive plural)
wiþiwindōni (dative singular)
wiþiwindōmaz (dative plural)
wiþiwindōnē (instrumental singular)
wiþiwindōmiz (instrumental plural)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *wiþiwindā
Old English: wiþewinde
Middle English: withewynde
English: withwind
Old Dutch: *withawindo
Middle Dutch: wēdewinde

Old Norse: *viðvindill

Icelandic: viðvindill

Danish: vedbende

From *wiþiz + *windǭ, possibly from *windaną.


ibahs

ibahs (nominative singular)
ibahiz (nominative plural)
ibah (singular vocative)
ibahiz (plural vocative)
ibahų (accusative singular)
ibahunz (accusative plural)
ibahiz (genitive singular)
ibahǫ̂ (genitive plural)
ibahi (dative singular)
ibahumaz (dative plural)
ibahē (instrumental singular)
ibahumiz (instrumental plural)

desc

Proto-West Germanic: *ibah, *ibag, *ibig

desctree

Old English: īfiġ, īfeġn
Middle English: ivi
English: ivy
Scots: eevy

Middle Low German: īflōf, ifflōf

German Low German: Eiloov, Ieloof

West Flemish: iefte

Old High German: ebah

Middle High German: ebich

⇒ Middle High German: ebichpaum ⇒ epaum

Cimbrian: éapóom

⇒ Old High German: ebhouwi (conflated with houwi (“hay”))

Middle High German: ephöu

Central Franconian: Effche (Ripuarian)

German: Efeu, Epheu (superseded)

→ Norwegian: eføy

→ Danish: efeu

From Proto-Indo-European *(h₁)ebʰ-. Cognate with Proto-Celtic *eburos.


talaz

*talaz (a-stem)

talaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
talai (masculine nominative plural strong)
talō (feminine nominative singular strong)
talôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
talą (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
talō (neuter nominative plural strong)
talanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
talanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
talǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
talōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
talą (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
talō (accusative neuter plural strong)
talas (genitive masculine singular strong)
-is (genitive masculine singular strong)
talaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
talaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
talaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
talas (genitive neuter singular strong)
-is (genitive neuter singular strong)
talaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
talammai (dative masculine singular strong)
talaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
talaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
talaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
talammai (dative neuter singular strong)
talaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
talanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
talaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
talaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
talaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
talanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
talaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
talô (masculine nominative singular weak)
talaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
talǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
talōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
talô (neuter nominative singular weak)
talōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
talanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
talanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
talōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
talōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
talô (accusative neuter singular weak)
talōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
taliniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
talanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
talōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
talōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
taliniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
talanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
talini (dative masculine singular weak)
talammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
talōni (dative feminine singular weak)
talōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
talini (dative neuter singular weak)
talammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
talinē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
talammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
talōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
talōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
talinē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
talammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

Old English: *tæl; ġetal, ġetæl

Middle English: tal, talle

English: tall

Scots: tal, tale, tall

→ Welsh: tal

Old Frisian: tel

Old Saxon: *tal; gital

Middle Low German: getāl (in lêfgetāl)

Old High German: *zal; gizal

Middle High German: gezal

German: gezahl

Gothic: *𐍄𐌰𐌻𐍃 (*tals) (in 𐌿𐌽𐍄𐌰𐌻𐍃 (untals))

From Proto-Indo-European *del- (“to count, reckon”).


kawjaną

kawjō (active first-person indicative singular)
kawjaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
kawjai (first-person indicative passive singular)
kawisi (active indicative second-person singular)
kawjais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
kawi (active imperative second-person singular)
kawjasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
kawjaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
kawiþi (active indicative singular third-person)
kawjai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
kawjaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
kawjaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
kawjaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
kawjōs (active dual first-person indicative)
kawjaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
kawjaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
kawjaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
kawjaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
kawjamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
kawjaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
kawjanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
kawjainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
kawiþ (active indicative plural second-person)
kawjaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
kawiþ (active imperative plural second-person)
kawjanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
kawjainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
kawjanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
kawjain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
kawjanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
kawjanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
kawjainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
kawidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
kawidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
kawidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
kawidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
kawidē (active indicative singular third-person)
kawidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
kawidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
kawidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
kawidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
kawidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
kawidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
kawidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
kawidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
kawidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
kawidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
kawidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
kawjandz (active participle present)
kawidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *kauwjan
Old English: ċīeġan
⇒ Old English: ġeċīeġan
Middle English: ȝeciȝen, icheien
Old High German: *kewen
⇒ Old High German: gikewen

⇒ Old Norse: *kauka (< *kaukōną?)

Norwegian: kauka (dialectal)

Jamtish: kauke

Helsingian kåuka

From Proto-Indo-European *gewH- (“to call, cry out”).


wallijǭ

wallijǭ (nominative singular)
wallijōniz (nominative plural)
wallijǭ (singular vocative)
wallijōniz (plural vocative)
wallijōnų (accusative singular)
wallijōnunz (accusative plural)
wallijōniz (genitive singular)
wallijōnǫ̂ (genitive plural)
wallijōni (dative singular)
wallijōmaz (dative plural)
wallijōnē (instrumental singular)
wallijōmiz (instrumental plural)

Old English: wielle f

Middle English: welle

English: well

West Frisian: wel

Low German: Well

Old Dutch: *wella

Dutch: wel

Old High German: wella

Middle High German: welle

German: Welle

→ Polish: fala

Old Norse: vella

Icelandic: vella

Swedish: väl

Danish: væld

From Proto-Indo-European *welH- (“to turn; wind; roll”).


trabō

trabō (nominative singular)
trabôz (nominative plural)
trabō (singular vocative)
trabôz (plural vocative)
trabǭ (accusative singular)
trabōz (accusative plural)
trabōz (genitive singular)
trabǫ̂ (genitive plural)
trabōi (dative singular)
trabōmaz (dative plural)
trabō (instrumental singular)
trabōmiz (instrumental plural)

Proto-West Germanic: *trabu

Middle High German: trabe

Old Norse: trǫf f, traf n

Icelandic: traf n

Possibly related to Proto-Slavic *drapati, Sanskrit द्रापि (drāpi, “garment, mantle”), and Ancient Greek δρέπω (drépō, “to pluck, tear off”). Also compare Old Norse trefja (“to buzz”) and trefill (“rag, tatter”).


trugaz

trugaz (nominative singular)
trugōz (nominative plural)
trugōs (nominative plural)
trug (singular vocative)
trugōz (plural vocative)
trugōs (plural vocative)
trugą (accusative singular)
truganz (accusative plural)
trugas (genitive singular)
trugis (genitive singular)
trugǫ̂ (genitive plural)
trugai (dative singular)
trugamaz (dative plural)
trugō (instrumental singular)
trugamiz (instrumental plural)

Proto-West Germanic: *trog

desctree

Old English: trog, troh
Middle English: trogh
English: trough
Scots: troch, trouch
→ Irish: trach

Old Frisian: *trog, *troch

Saterland Frisian: Troach

West Frisian: trôge

Old Saxon: trog

Middle Low German: trog

German Low German: Trog

Old Dutch: *trog

Middle Dutch: troch

Dutch: trog

Old High German: troc

Middle High German: troc

Cimbrian: tròg

German: Trog

Luxembourgish: Trach

→ Italian: trogolo (with -olo)

→ Piedmontese: treu

Old Norse: trog n

Icelandic: trog

Faroese: trog

Norwegian Nynorsk: trau

Swedish: tråg

From Proto-Indo-European *drukós, from the same root as Proto-Indo-European *dóru.


wakwō

wakwō (nominative singular)
wakwôz (nominative plural)
wakwō (singular vocative)
wakwôz (plural vocative)
wakwǭ (accusative singular)
wakwōz (accusative plural)
wakwōz (genitive singular)
wakwǫ̂ (genitive plural)
wakwōi (dative singular)
wakwōmaz (dative plural)
wakwō (instrumental singular)
wakwōmiz (instrumental plural)

Proto-West Germanic: *waku

Middle Low German: wake

Old Norse: vǫk
Icelandic: vök
Swedish: vak
Scanian: vag
Danish: våg
Dalian: wåk
Norwegian: vok, våk

From the same root as *wakwaz, namely Proto-Indo-European *wegʷ-.


wakwaz

wakwaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
wakwai (masculine nominative plural strong)
wakwō (feminine nominative singular strong)
wakwôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
wakwą (neuter nominative singular strong)
-at (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
wakwō (neuter nominative plural strong)
wakwanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
wakwanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
wakwǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
wakwōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
wakwą (accusative neuter singular strong)
-at (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
wakwō (accusative neuter plural strong)
wakwas (genitive masculine singular strong)
wakwis (genitive masculine singular strong)
wakwaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
wakwaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
wakwaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
wakwas (genitive neuter singular strong)
wakwis (genitive neuter singular strong)
wakwaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
wakwammai (dative masculine singular strong)
wakwaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
wakwaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
wakwaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
wakwammai (dative neuter singular strong)
wakwaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
wakwanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
wakwaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
wakwaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
wakwaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
wakwanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
wakwaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
wakwô (masculine nominative singular weak)
wakwaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
wakwǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
wakwōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
wakwô (neuter nominative singular weak)
wakwōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
wakwanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
wakwanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
wakwōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
wakwōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
wakwô (accusative neuter singular weak)
wakwōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
wakwiniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
wakwanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
wakwōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
wakwōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
wakwiniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
wakwanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
wakwini (dative masculine singular weak)
wakwammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
wakwōni (dative feminine singular weak)
wakwōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
wakwini (dative neuter singular weak)
wakwammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
wakwinē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
wakwammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
wakwōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
wakwōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
wakwinē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
wakwammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

Middle Dutch: wac

Old Norse: vǫkr

Icelandic: vökur

→ Middle English: *woc, *wok, weke

Middle English: wocnesse (“wetness”)

⇒ English: weaky

From Proto-Indo-European *wogʷos, from Proto-Indo-European *wegʷ-. Cognate to Latin uvidus (“wet”), Ancient Greek ὑγρός (hugrós, “wet”).


dampijaną

dampijō (active first-person indicative singular)
dampijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
dampijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
dampīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
dampijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
dampī (active imperative second-person singular)
dampijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
dampijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
dampīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
dampijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
dampijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
dampijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
dampijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
dampijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
dampijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
dampijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
dampijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
dampijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
dampijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
dampijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
dampijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
dampijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
dampīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
dampijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
dampīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
dampijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
dampijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
dampijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
dampijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
dampijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
dampijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
dampijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
dampidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
dampidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
dampidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
dampidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
dampidē (active indicative singular third-person)
dampidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
dampidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
dampidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
dampidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
dampidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
dampidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
dampidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
dampidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
dampidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
dampidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
dampidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
dampijandz (active participle present)
dampidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Old Dutch: *dempen

Middle Dutch: dempen

Dutch: dempen

Afrikaans: demp

Old High German: dempfen

Middle High German: dempfen

German: dämpfen


fraslindaną

fraslindō (active first-person indicative singular)
fraslindaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
fraslindai (first-person indicative passive singular)
fraslindizi (active indicative second-person singular)
fraslindaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
fraslind (active imperative second-person singular)
fraslindazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
fraslindaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
fraslindidi (active indicative singular third-person)
fraslindai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
fraslindadau (active imperative singular third-person)
fraslindadai (indicative passive singular third-person)
fraslindaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
fraslindōz (active dual first-person indicative)
fraslindaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
fraslindadiz (active dual indicative second-person)
fraslindaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
fraslindadiz (active dual imperative second-person)
fraslindamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
fraslindaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
fraslindandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
fraslindaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
fraslindid (active indicative plural second-person)
fraslindaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
fraslindid (active imperative plural second-person)
fraslindandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
fraslindaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
fraslindandi (active indicative plural third-person)
fraslindain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
fraslindandau (active imperative plural third-person)
fraslindandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
fraslindaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
frasland (active first-person indicative singular)
fraslundį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
fraslanst (active indicative second-person singular)
fraslundīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
frasland (active indicative singular third-person)
fraslundī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
fraslundū (active dual first-person indicative)
fraslundīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
fraslundudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
fraslundīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
fraslundum (active first-person indicative plural)
fraslundīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
fraslundud (active indicative plural second-person)
fraslundīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
fraslundun (active indicative plural third-person)
fraslundīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
fraslindandz (active participle present)
fraslundanaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *fraslindan
Old Saxon: *farslindan
Middle Low German: vorslinden
Old Dutch: *farslindan
Middle Dutch: verslinden, verslingen
Dutch: verslinden, (archaic) verslingen
→ English: forsling
Old High German:
Middle High German:
German: verschlingen

Gothic: 𐍆𐍂𐌰𐍃𐌻𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌽 (fraslindan)

From *fra- + *slindaną. For the semantics, compare *fraetaną.


awǭ

awǭ (nominative singular)
awōniz (nominative plural)
awǭ (singular vocative)
awōniz (plural vocative)
awōnų (accusative singular)
awōnunz (accusative plural)
awōniz (genitive singular)
awōnǫ̂ (genitive plural)
awōni (dative singular)
awōmaz (dative plural)
awōnē (instrumental singular)
awōmiz (instrumental plural)

Gothic: 𐌰𐍅𐍉 (awō)

From Proto-Indo-European *h₂éwh₂eh₂, from *h₂éwh₂os (“grandfather”) + *-eh₂ (feminine suffix), or equivalent to *awô + *-ǭ.


fōrīniz

fōrīniz (nominative singular)
fōrīnīz (nominative plural)
fōrīni (singular vocative)
fōrīnīz (plural vocative)
fōrīnį (accusative singular)
fōrīninz (accusative plural)
fōrīnīz (genitive singular)
fōrīnijǫ̂ (genitive plural)
fōrīnī (dative singular)
fōrīnimaz (dative plural)
fōrīnī (instrumental singular)
fōrīnimiz (instrumental plural)

Proto-Norse:

Old Norse: fórn (“gift, offering”)

Icelandic: fórn (“offering; sacrifice”)

Norwegian Nynorsk: fórn (“offering”)

Swedish: fon (dialectal)

Danish: forn / fon / fund (“gift (esp. of food) given for a feast”) (all archaic or dialectal)


habīniz

habīniz (nominative singular)
habīnīz (nominative plural)
habīni (singular vocative)
habīnīz (plural vocative)
habīnį (accusative singular)
habīninz (accusative plural)
habīnīz (genitive singular)
habīnijǫ̂ (genitive plural)
habīnī (dative singular)
habīnimaz (dative plural)
habīnī (instrumental singular)
habīnimiz (instrumental plural)

desc

Old English: hæfen (“property, possession”)

Old Norse: hǫfn (“holding, possession, tenure; foetus; pasture; coat”)

Icelandic: höfn (“possession; pasture; foetus”)

Faroese: høvn (“pasture”) (in place names)

Norwegian Nynorsk: hamn / homn (“pasture; foetus”)

Norwegian Bokmål: havn (“pasture”)

Swedish: hamn (“pasture”)

From *habjaną (“to have, hold”) + *-īniz.


uzbugjaną

uzbugjō (active first-person indicative singular)
uzbugjaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
uzbugjai (first-person indicative passive singular)
uzbugisi (active indicative second-person singular)
uzbugjais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
uzbugi (active imperative second-person singular)
uzbugjasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
uzbugjaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
uzbugiþi (active indicative singular third-person)
uzbugjai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
uzbugjaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
uzbugjaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
uzbugjaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
uzbugjōs (active dual first-person indicative)
uzbugjaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
uzbugjaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
uzbugjaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
uzbugjaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
uzbugjamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
uzbugjaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
uzbugjanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
uzbugjainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
uzbugiþ (active indicative plural second-person)
uzbugjaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
uzbugiþ (active imperative plural second-person)
uzbugjanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
uzbugjainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
uzbugjanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
uzbugjain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
uzbugjanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
uzbugjanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
uzbugjainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
uzbuhtǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
uzbuhtēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
uzbuhtēz (active indicative second-person singular)
uzbuhtēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
uzbuhtē (active indicative singular third-person)
uzbuhtēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
uzbuhtēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
uzbuhtēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
uzbuhtēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
uzbuhtēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
uzbuhtēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
uzbuhtēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
uzbuhtēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
uzbuhtēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
uzbuhtēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
uzbuhtēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
uzbugjandz (active participle present)
uzbugidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Old English: ābyċġan

Middle English: abyen

English: aby

Gothic: 𐌿𐍃𐌱𐌿𐌲𐌾𐌰𐌽 (usbugjan)


wammaz

wammaz (nominative singular)
wammōz (nominative plural)
wammōs (nominative plural)
wamm (singular vocative)
wammōz (plural vocative)
wammōs (plural vocative)
wammą (accusative singular)
wammanz (accusative plural)
wammas (genitive singular)
wammis (genitive singular)
wammǫ̂ (genitive plural)
wammai (dative singular)
wammamaz (dative plural)
wammō (instrumental singular)
wammamiz (instrumental plural)

Old English: wamm

Middle English: wemme

English: wem

Scots: wame

Proto-Norse: *ᚹᚨᛗᛗᚨᛉ (*wammaʀ)

Old Norse: vamm, vǫmm

Icelandic: vamm

→ Finnish: vamma

Gothic: 𐍅𐌰𐌼𐌼 (wamm)

From Proto-Indo-European *wemh₁- (“to spew, vomit”). Cognate with Latin vomō (“I vomit”), Sanskrit वमति (vámati).


gerraną

gerrō (active first-person indicative singular)
gerraų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
gerrai (first-person indicative passive singular)
girrizi (active indicative second-person singular)
gerraiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
gerr (active imperative second-person singular)
gerrazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
gerraizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
girridi (active indicative singular third-person)
gerrai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
gerradau (active imperative singular third-person)
gerradai (indicative passive singular third-person)
gerraidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
gerrōz (active dual first-person indicative)
gerraiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
gerradiz (active dual indicative second-person)
gerraidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
gerradiz (active dual imperative second-person)
gerramaz (active first-person indicative plural)
gerraim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
gerrandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
gerraindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
girrid (active indicative plural second-person)
gerraid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
girrid (active imperative plural second-person)
gerrandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
gerraindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
gerrandi (active indicative plural third-person)
gerrain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
gerrandau (active imperative plural third-person)
gerrandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
gerraindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
garr (active first-person indicative singular)
gurrį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
garrt (active indicative second-person singular)
gurrīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
garr (active indicative singular third-person)
gurrī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
gurrū (active dual first-person indicative)
gurrīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
gurrudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
gurrīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
gurrum (active first-person indicative plural)
gurrīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
gurrud (active indicative plural second-person)
gurrīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
gurrun (active indicative plural third-person)
gurrīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
gerrandz (active participle present)
gurranaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *gerran

desctree

Old English: ġeorran
Middle English: ȝerren, ȝurren, ȝarren, yerren, yarren (merged with descendant of ġyrran)
English: yar
Scots: ȝarr, yarr

Old High German: *gerran

Middle High German: gerren

From Proto-Indo-European *gʰer- (“to make a noise, rattle, gurgle, grumble”).


gildiz

gildiz (masculine nominative singular strong)
gildijai (masculine nominative plural strong)
gildī (feminine nominative singular strong)
gildijôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
gildį (neuter nominative singular strong)
-jatō (neuter nominative singular strong)
gildijō (neuter nominative plural strong)
gildijanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
gildijanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
gildijǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
gildijōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
gildį (accusative neuter singular strong)
-jatō (accusative neuter singular strong)
gildijō (accusative neuter plural strong)
gildijas (genitive masculine singular strong)
gildīs (genitive masculine singular strong)
gildijaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
gildijaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
gildijaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
gildijas (genitive neuter singular strong)
gildīs (genitive neuter singular strong)
gildijaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
gildijammai (dative masculine singular strong)
gildijaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
gildijaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
gildijaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
gildijammai (dative neuter singular strong)
gildijaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
gildijanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
gildijaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
gildijaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
gildijaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
gildijanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
gildijaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
gildijô (masculine nominative singular weak)
gildijaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
gildijǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
gildijōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
gildijô (neuter nominative singular weak)
gildijōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
gildijanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
gildijanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
gildijōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
gildijōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
gildijô (accusative neuter singular weak)
gildijōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
gildīniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
gildijanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
gildijōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
gildijōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
gildīniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
gildijanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
gildīni (dative masculine singular weak)
gildijammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
gildijōni (dative feminine singular weak)
gildijōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
gildīni (dative neuter singular weak)
gildijammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
gildīnē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
gildijammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
gildijōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
gildijōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
gildīnē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
gildijammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

Old English: *ġilde

Middle English: *yeld

English: yauld

Scots: yauld

Old Norse: gildr

Icelandic: gildur

Swedish: gild

Danish: gild

From Proto-Indo-European *gʰeldʰ- (“to pay for, repay”).


wagōną

wagō (active first-person indicative singular)
wagǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
wagōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
wagōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
wagōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
wagō (active imperative second-person singular)
wagōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
wagōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
wagōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
wagō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
wagōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
wagōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
wagōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
wagōs (active dual first-person indicative)
wagōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
wagōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
wagōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
wagōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
wagōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
wagōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
wagōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
wagōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
wagōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
wagōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
wagōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
wagōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
wagōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
wagōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
wagōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
wagōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
wagōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
wagōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
wagōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
wagōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
wagōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
wagōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
wagōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
wagōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
wagōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
wagōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
wagōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
wagōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
wagōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
wagōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
wagōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
wagōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
wagōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
wagōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
wagōndz (active participle present)
wagōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *wagōn

desctree

Old English: wagian, wageġan
Middle English: wawen, wawyn, waȝien, waȝeȝen, wagien, wawien, wawie, wawi, wawe
English: waw
Scots: waw
Middle English: waggen
English: wag

Old Saxon: wagōn

Middle Low German: wagen

German Low German: wagen

→ Old Norse: vága

Faroese: vága

Norwegian: våge

→ Old Swedish: vāgha

Swedish: våga

→ Old Danish: waaghæ, wogæ, wowæ

Danish: vove

Old Dutch: *wagon

Middle Dutch: wāgen

Dutch: wagen

Limburgish: wage

Old High German: wagōn

Middle High German: wagen

German: wagen

From Proto-Indo-European *weǵʰ- (“to drag, carry”).


skelhaz

skelhaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
skilhai (masculine nominative plural strong)
skelhō (feminine nominative singular strong)
skelhôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
skelhą (neuter nominative singular strong)
-at (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
skelhō (neuter nominative plural strong)
skelhanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
skelhanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
skelhǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
skelhōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
skelhą (accusative neuter singular strong)
-at (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
skelhō (accusative neuter plural strong)
skelhas (genitive masculine singular strong)
skilhis (genitive masculine singular strong)
skilhaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
skilhaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
skilhaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
skelhas (genitive neuter singular strong)
skilhis (genitive neuter singular strong)
skilhaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
skelhammai (dative masculine singular strong)
skilhaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
skilhaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
skilhaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
skelhammai (dative neuter singular strong)
skilhaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
skelhanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
skilhaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
skilhaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
skilhaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
skelhanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
skilhaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
skelhô (masculine nominative singular weak)
skelhaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
skelhǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
skelhōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
skelhô (neuter nominative singular weak)
skelhōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
skelhanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
skelhanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
skelhōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
skelhōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
skelhô (accusative neuter singular weak)
skelhōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
skilhiniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
skelhanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
skelhōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
skelhōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
skilhiniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
skelhanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
skilhini (dative masculine singular weak)
skelhammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
skelhōni (dative feminine singular weak)
skelhōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
skilhini (dative neuter singular weak)
skelhammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
skilhinē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
skelhammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
skelhōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
skelhōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
skilhinē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
skelhammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *skelh
Old English: sċeolh, sċeol
⇒ Old English: sċeolhēagede, sċylhēagede, sċelgegede
Middle English: sculeiȝede
Old Saxon: *skelh, *skel
Middle Low German: schēle, schēl
→ German: scheel
Old Dutch: *skelh, *skel
Middle Dutch: schēel
Dutch: scheel
Limburgish: sjael
Old High German: skelah
Middle High German: schelh, schelch, schel, schelwe, schelb
German: schelch (obsolete)

Old Norse: skjalgr

Icelandic: skjálgur

→ English: askile

From Proto-Indo-European *(s)kel- (“to lean, bend; joint”).


wranhō

wranhō (nominative singular)
wranhôz (nominative plural)
wranhō (singular vocative)
wranhôz (plural vocative)
wranhǭ (accusative singular)
wranhōz (accusative plural)
wranhōz (genitive singular)
wranhǫ̂ (genitive plural)
wranhōi (dative singular)
wranhōmaz (dative plural)
wranhō (instrumental singular)
wranhōmiz (instrumental plural)

desctree

Old Norse: rá, vrá, vá (attested with nasal vowel)
Icelandic: rá
Faroese: vrá
Norwegian Nynorsk: ro
Swedish: vrå
Danish: vrå
→ Middle English: wro
English: wroo
Scots: wray

From Proto-Indo-European *wrónkeh₂, from the root *wrenk- (“to turn, twist, bend; to clutch, grasp”). Possibly formal cognate with Proto-Balto-Slavic *ránkāˀ (“clutch, hand, arm”).


Inguz

Inguz (nominative singular)
Ingauz (genitive singular)

Adolf Kirchhoff
Beowulf
Codex Vindobonensis 795
Ring of Pietroassa
Wolfgang Krause
de:Brian D. Joseph
de:Ludwig Rübekeil

Proto-West Germanic: *Ingu

Old English: Ing

→ English: Ing (learned)

Old Norse: *Yngr

⇒ Old Norse: Ynglingr (+ -lingr)

ref

Latin transcription from the Codex Vindobonensis 795. "Wulfilan" Gothic forms are scholarly reconstructions.

Gothic: *𐌹𐌲𐌲𐌿𐍃 (*iggus) or *𐌹𐌲𐌲𐍅𐍃 (*iggws /enguz/)

Uncertain; possibly from *inguz, *unguz (“mortal; man”), from Proto-Indo-European *n̥ḱús (“dead, mortal”), from *neḱ- (“to die, perish”) + *-us. Thought to be the human incarnation of Nerthus, and the original name of the Norse fertility god Freyr.

Yngvin

*Ingwiniz (< *Ingwiniz gen.sg. of *Ingwô, or + *winiz (“friend”))

→ Latin: Inguiomerus

*Ingwjamērijaz, *Ingwjamēraz (+ *mērijaz, *mēraz)

Inguin

Proto-West Germanic: *Ingwini; Old High German

→ Late Latin: Inguo [9th c. CE, Codex Sangallensis 732]

Son of Mannus, progenitor of the Ynglings and Ingaevones.

(Runic alphabet) name of the rune ᛜ, ᛝ (ng)


niþanē

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *niþanā
Old English: neoþan
Middle English: nēthen
English: neath
Scots: neath, neth
Old Saxon: nithana
Middle Low German: *neden
Plautdietsch: naden
Old High German: nidana
Middle High German: niden, nidene
German: nieden (obsolete)

Old Norse: neðan
Icelandic: neðan
Faroese: niðan
Norwegian: nedan
Old Swedish: niþan, næþan
Swedish: nedan
Old Danish: næthæn
Danish: neden


braidiþō

braidiþō (nominative singular)
braidiþôz (nominative plural)
braidiþō (singular vocative)
braidiþôz (plural vocative)
braidiþǭ (accusative singular)
braidiþōz (accusative plural)
braidiþōz (genitive singular)
braidiþǫ̂ (genitive plural)
braidiþōi (dative singular)
braidiþōmaz (dative plural)
braidiþō (instrumental singular)
braidiþōmiz (instrumental plural)

Old English:

Middle English: bredthe (late)

English: breadth

Scots: breedth, breeth

Old Saxon: *brēditha

Middle Low German:

Low German: Breddt, Breddte

Old Dutch: *brēditha

Middle Dutch: brêedte

Dutch: breedte

Old Norse: breidd

Icelandic: breidd

Faroese: breidd

Norwegian Nynorsk: breidd, breidde (influenced by Danish and Bokmål)

Old Swedish: brēd

Swedish: bredd

Danish: bredde

Norwegian: bredde


azaniz

azaniz (nominative singular)
azanīz (nominative plural)
azani (singular vocative)
azanīz (plural vocative)
azanį (accusative singular)
azaninz (accusative plural)
azanīz (genitive singular)
azanijǫ̂ (genitive plural)
azanī (dative singular)
azanimaz (dative plural)
azanī (instrumental singular)
azanimiz (instrumental plural)

Proto-West Germanic: *aʀani
Old English: *iern
⇒ Old English: ruġern (“rye-harvest, the name of a month”) (+ ryġe (“rye”))
Old Frisian: ern, erne, arn, arne
Old Saxon: *aran
Middle Low German: arne, arn, erne, ern
Dutch Low Saxon: Oorn, Aarn
German Low German: Arne, Arn
⇒ Old Saxon: aranfīmba (“grain heap”) (+ fīma (“pile, heap”))
Old Dutch: *aran
Middle Dutch: arn, arne
Old High German: arn f, (aran m)
Middle High German: erne f, arn m
⇒ Middle High German: ernde f (merged with OHG arnōt)
German: Ernte f

Old Norse: ǫnn
Icelandic: önn
Norwegian Nynorsk: onn
Norwegian Bokmål: onn
Old Swedish: an, and
Swedish: (archaic or dialectal) and, ann

Gothic: 𐌰𐍃𐌰𐌽𐍃 (asans)
→ Occitan: guazanh, gasanh

→? Finnish: aarni (“treasure”), aarnio

From Proto-Indo-European *h₁os-on-i-s. Cognate with Proto-Slavic *(j)esenь.


sēliþō

sēliþō (nominative singular)
sēliþôz (nominative plural)
sēliþō (singular vocative)
sēliþôz (plural vocative)
sēliþǭ (accusative singular)
sēliþōz (accusative plural)
sēliþōz (genitive singular)
sēliþǫ̂ (genitive plural)
sēliþōi (dative singular)
sēliþōmaz (dative plural)
sēliþō (instrumental singular)
sēliþōmiz (instrumental plural)

Proto-West Germanic: *sāliþu
Old English: sǣlþ
Middle English: selthe
Old Saxon: sālitha, sāltha
Middle Low German: sâlde, sêlde
Old Dutch: sālida, sālda
Middle Dutch: saelde, salde, zalde
Dutch: zaalte
Old High German: sālida
Middle High German: sālide, sēlide, sælede, sālde, sælde, seilde

Old Norse: sæld

Icelandic: sæld

Norwegian Nynorsk: sæld


banstiz

banstiz (nominative singular)
banstīz (nominative plural)
bansti (singular vocative)
banstīz (plural vocative)
banstį (accusative singular)
banstinz (accusative plural)
banstīz (genitive singular)
banstijǫ̂ (genitive plural)
banstī (dative singular)
banstimaz (dative plural)
banstī (instrumental singular)
banstimiz (instrumental plural)

Old English: bōsig

Old Frisian: bōs

Old High German: *banse

Middle High German: banse

German: Banse, Barn

Old Norse: báss

Gothic: 𐌱𐌰𐌽𐍃𐍄𐍃 (bansts)


tōgô

tōgô (nominative singular)
tōganiz (nominative plural)
tōgô (singular vocative)
tōganiz (plural vocative)
tōganų (accusative singular)
takkunz (accusative plural)
takkaz (genitive singular)
takkǫ̂ (genitive plural)
tagini (dative singular)
tagummaz (dative plural)
takkē (instrumental singular)
tagummiz (instrumental plural)

Proto-West Germanic: *tōgō; *tōg (< *tōgaz, *tōgą)

Old Frisian: *tōga, *tōka; *tōch

Saterland Frisian: Toug

West Frisian: tûke

Old Saxon: tōgo; *tōg

Middle Low German: tôch

Old Dutch: *tuogo; *tuog

Middle Dutch: tooch, toech

Dutch: toeg

Old High German: zuogo; zuog

North Germanic:

Danish: tagge

Norwegian Nynorsk: tagge

Old Swedish: tagger

Swedish: tagg

→ English: tag

Old High German: zacken pl

German: Zacke

Middle Dutch: tac

Dutch: tak

→ Old French: taque

→ Middle English: takke

English: tack

From Proto-Indo-European *deh₃gʰ- (“branch”). Possibly cognate with Albanian degë (“bough, branch”).


lukkaz

lukkaz (nominative singular)
lukkōz (nominative plural)
lukkōs (nominative plural)
lukk (singular vocative)
lukkōz (plural vocative)
lukkōs (plural vocative)
lukką (accusative singular)
lukkanz (accusative plural)
lukkas (genitive singular)
lukkis (genitive singular)
lukkǫ̂ (genitive plural)
lukkai (dative singular)
lukkamaz (dative plural)
lukkō (instrumental singular)
lukkamiz (instrumental plural)

Proto-West Germanic: *lokk

Old English: locc, loc

Middle English: lok, lokke

English: lock

Scots: lok

Old Frisian: lokk, lok

West Frisian: lok, lokke

Old Saxon: lokk, lok

Middle Low German: locke

German Low German: Locke, Lock

Frankish: *lokk

Old Dutch: lock

Middle Dutch: loc, locke

Dutch: lok

→ Old French: lok, loc

Middle French: loque (influenced by Middle Dutch)

French: loque

Old High German: lok, loc

Middle High German: loc

Alemannic German:

Italian Walser: lokha

German: Locke

Old Norse: lokkr

Icelandic: lokkur

Faroese: lokkur

Norwegian: lokk

Swedish: lock

Danish: lok

From Proto-Indo-European *lugnós, from *lewg- (“to bend”) + *-nós.


skankaz

*skankaz (a-stem)

skankaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
skankai (masculine nominative plural strong)
skankō (feminine nominative singular strong)
skankôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
skanką (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
skankō (neuter nominative plural strong)
skankanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
skankanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
skankǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
skankōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
skanką (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
skankō (accusative neuter plural strong)
skankas (genitive masculine singular strong)
-is (genitive masculine singular strong)
skankaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
skankaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
skankaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
skankas (genitive neuter singular strong)
-is (genitive neuter singular strong)
skankaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
skankammai (dative masculine singular strong)
skankaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
skankaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
skankaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
skankammai (dative neuter singular strong)
skankaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
skankanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
skankaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
skankaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
skankaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
skankanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
skankaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
skankô (masculine nominative singular weak)
skankaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
skankǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
skankōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
skankô (neuter nominative singular weak)
skankōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
skankanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
skankanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
skankōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
skankōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
skankô (accusative neuter singular weak)
skankōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
skankiniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
skankanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
skankōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
skankōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
skankiniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
skankanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
skankini (dative masculine singular weak)
skankammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
skankōni (dative feminine singular weak)
skankōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
skankini (dative neuter singular weak)
skankammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
skankinē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
skankammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
skankōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
skankōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
skankinē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
skankammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

Old Norse: skakkr

Icelandic: skakkur

Faroese: skakkur

desc

Swedish: skack (“askew”), skank (“with a limp”)

Danish: skak (“askew”), skank (“with a limp”)

Possibly related to Ancient Greek σκάζω (skázō, “to limp”), Sanskrit खञ्जति (kháñjati, “to limp”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)keng-.


hwarbōną

hwarbō (active first-person indicative singular)
hwarbǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
hwarbōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
hwarbōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
hwarbōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
hwarbō (active imperative second-person singular)
hwarbōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
hwarbōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
hwarbōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
hwarbō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
hwarbōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
hwarbōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
hwarbōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
hwarbōs (active dual first-person indicative)
hwarbōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
hwarbōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
hwarbōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
hwarbōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
hwarbōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
hwarbōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
hwarbōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
hwarbōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
hwarbōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
hwarbōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
hwarbōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
hwarbōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
hwarbōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
hwarbōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
hwarbōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
hwarbōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
hwarbōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
hwarbōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
hwarbōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
hwarbōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
hwarbōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
hwarbōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
hwarbōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
hwarbōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
hwarbōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
hwarbōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
hwarbōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
hwarbōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
hwarbōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
hwarbōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
hwarbōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
hwarbōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
hwarbōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
hwarbōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
hwarbōndz (active participle present)
hwarbōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *hwarbōn
Old English: hwearfian
Middle English: wharven
English: wharve
Scots: wharve
Old Saxon: hwarvōn
Middle Low German: warven (strong verb) (merged with descendant of Proto-West Germanic *hwerban)
German Low German: warven (strong verb)
Old Dutch: *warvon
Middle Dutch: warven, waerven (strong verb) (merged with descendant of Proto-West Germanic *hwerban)
Old High German: warbōn

Old Norse: hvarfa

>? Swedish: varva

Gothic: 𐍈𐌰𐍂𐌱𐍉𐌽 (ƕarbōn)

/ˈxʷɑr.βɔː.nɑ̃/

From Proto-Indo-European *kʷerp-, *kʷerb- (“to rotate, turn, turn around”).


krumbaz

krumbaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
krumbai (masculine nominative plural strong)
krumbō (feminine nominative singular strong)
krumbôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
krumbą (neuter nominative singular strong)
-at (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
krumbō (neuter nominative plural strong)
krumbanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
krumbanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
krumbǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
krumbōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
krumbą (accusative neuter singular strong)
-at (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
krumbō (accusative neuter plural strong)
krumbas (genitive masculine singular strong)
krumbis (genitive masculine singular strong)
krumbaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
krumbaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
krumbaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
krumbas (genitive neuter singular strong)
krumbis (genitive neuter singular strong)
krumbaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
krumbammai (dative masculine singular strong)
krumbaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
krumbaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
krumbaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
krumbammai (dative neuter singular strong)
krumbaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
krumbanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
krumbaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
krumbaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
krumbaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
krumbanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
krumbaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
krumbô (masculine nominative singular weak)
krumbaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
krumbǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
krumbōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
krumbô (neuter nominative singular weak)
krumbōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
krumbanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
krumbanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
krumbōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
krumbōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
krumbô (accusative neuter singular weak)
krumbōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
krumbiniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
krumbanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
krumbōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
krumbōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
krumbiniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
krumbanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
krumbini (dative masculine singular weak)
krumbammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
krumbōni (dative feminine singular weak)
krumbōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
krumbini (dative neuter singular weak)
krumbammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
krumbinē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
krumbammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
krumbōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
krumbōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
krumbinē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
krumbammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)


krumpaz

krumpaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
krumpai (masculine nominative plural strong)
krumpō (feminine nominative singular strong)
krumpôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
krumpą (neuter nominative singular strong)
-at (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
krumpō (neuter nominative plural strong)
krumpanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
krumpanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
krumpǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
krumpōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
krumpą (accusative neuter singular strong)
-at (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
krumpō (accusative neuter plural strong)
krumpas (genitive masculine singular strong)
krumpis (genitive masculine singular strong)
krumpaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
krumpaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
krumpaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
krumpas (genitive neuter singular strong)
krumpis (genitive neuter singular strong)
krumpaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
krumpammai (dative masculine singular strong)
krumpaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
krumpaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
krumpaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
krumpammai (dative neuter singular strong)
krumpaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
krumpanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
krumpaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
krumpaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
krumpaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
krumpanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
krumpaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
krumpô (masculine nominative singular weak)
krumpaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
krumpǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
krumpōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
krumpô (neuter nominative singular weak)
krumpōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
krumpanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
krumpanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
krumpōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
krumpōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
krumpô (accusative neuter singular weak)
krumpōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
krumpiniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
krumpanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
krumpōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
krumpōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
krumpiniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
krumpanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
krumpini (dative masculine singular weak)
krumpammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
krumpōni (dative feminine singular weak)
krumpōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
krumpini (dative neuter singular weak)
krumpammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
krumpinē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
krumpammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
krumpōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
krumpōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
krumpinē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
krumpammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

Proto-West Germanic: *krump, *krumb

Old English: crump, crumb

desc

Middle English: crumb, crombe, croume, crump, cromp

English: crump

Scots: crom

⇒ Scots: crummet, crommat

Old Frisian: krumb

Saterland Frisian: kruum

West Frisian: krom, krûm

Old Saxon: krumb

Middle Low German: krumm, krum

German Low German: krumm

Old Dutch: krumb, crumb (in placenames)

Middle Dutch: crump, cromb, cromp, crom

Dutch: krom

→ French: cromb, cron, kromp (dialectal)

⇒ French: cronbin

Old High German: krumb, krumpf, krumm

Middle High German: krump, krimpf, krum

Cimbrian: khrómp

German: krumm

Hunsrik: krumm

Luxembourgish: kromm

→ Proto-Celtic: *krumbos

Proto-Brythonic: *krum

Old Breton: crum

Middle Breton: crom, croum

Cornish: crom

Middle Welsh: crwm

Welsh: crwm

Old Irish: cromb

Middle Irish: cromm

Irish: crom

Manx: croym

Scottish Gaelic: crom

Uncertain. Possibly from Proto-Indo-European *gerb- (“to shrink, shrivel”), from Proto-Indo-European *ger- (“to twist, turn, bend”).


farzaz

farzaz (nominative singular)
farzōz (nominative plural)
farzōs (nominative plural)
farz (singular vocative)
farzōz (plural vocative)
farzōs (plural vocative)
farzą (accusative singular)
farzanz (accusative plural)
farzas (genitive singular)
farzis (genitive singular)
farzǫ̂ (genitive plural)
farzai (dative singular)
farzamaz (dative plural)
farzō (instrumental singular)
farzamiz (instrumental plural)

Proto-West Germanic: *farʀ

Old English: fearr

Middle English: fearr

Old Frisian: *fēr

⇒ Old Frisian: fēring

Old Saxon: *farr

Middle Low German: var, ver

Old Dutch: *far

Middle Dutch: vare, vaer

Old High German: far

Middle High German: var, phar

German: Farr

From Proto-Indo-European *perh₃- (“to provide”).


waisǭ

waisǭ (nominative singular)
waisōniz (nominative plural)
waisǭ (singular vocative)
waisōniz (plural vocative)
waisōnų (accusative singular)
waisōnunz (accusative plural)
waisōniz (genitive singular)
waisōnǫ̂ (genitive plural)
waisōni (dative singular)
waisōmaz (dative plural)
waisōnē (instrumental singular)
waisōmiz (instrumental plural)

Old English: wāse

Middle English: wose

English: ooze

Old Frisian: wāse

West Frisian: weaze

Old Saxon: waso

Middle Low German: wāse

Middle Dutch: wāse, wāze, waes

Dutch: waas

Old High German: waso

Middle High German: wase

German: Wasen

Old Norse: veisa

Icelandic: veisa

From Proto-Indo-European *weys- (“to flow”).


wōþa-

q

< <i class="Latn mention" lang="gem-pro">*wōþō</i>

Old English: wōþ (< *wōþō)

From Proto-Indo-European *weh₂t- (“to be excited or inspired”).


bigangaz

bigangaz (nominative singular)
bigangōz (nominative plural)
bigangōs (nominative plural)
bigang (singular vocative)
bigangōz (plural vocative)
bigangōs (plural vocative)
bigangą (accusative singular)
biganganz (accusative plural)
bigangas (genitive singular)
bigangis (genitive singular)
bigangǫ̂ (genitive plural)
bigangai (dative singular)
bigangamaz (dative plural)
bigangō (instrumental singular)
bigangamiz (instrumental plural)

Old English: begang, begong

Old High German: bigang

Middle High German: beganc

/biˈɣɑŋ.ɡɑz/

From *bi- + *gangaz, or perhaps a derivation of *biganganą.