flugjaz

flugjaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
flugjai (masculine nominative plural strong)
flugjō (feminine nominative singular strong)
flugjôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
flugją (neuter nominative singular strong)
-at (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
flugjō (neuter nominative plural strong)
flugjanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
flugjanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
flugjǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
flugjōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
flugją (accusative neuter singular strong)
-at (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
flugjō (accusative neuter plural strong)
flugjas (genitive masculine singular strong)
flugis (genitive masculine singular strong)
flugjaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
flugjaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
flugjaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
flugjas (genitive neuter singular strong)
flugis (genitive neuter singular strong)
flugjaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
flugjammai (dative masculine singular strong)
flugjaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
flugjaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
flugjaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
flugjammai (dative neuter singular strong)
flugjaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
flugjanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
flugjaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
flugjaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
flugjaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
flugjanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
flugjaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
flugjô (masculine nominative singular weak)
flugjaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
flugjǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
flugjōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
flugjô (neuter nominative singular weak)
flugjōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
flugjanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
flugjanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
flugjōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
flugjōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
flugjô (accusative neuter singular weak)
flugjōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
fluginiz (genitive masculine singular weak)
flugjanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
flugjōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
flugjōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
fluginiz (genitive neuter singular weak)
flugjanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
flugini (dative masculine singular weak)
flugjammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
flugjōni (dative feminine singular weak)
flugjōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
flugini (dative neuter singular weak)
flugjammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
fluginē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
flugjammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
flugjōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
flugjōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
fluginē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
flugjammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *flugi
Old English: *flyċġ, *flyċġe
Middle English: flegge, flege, flygge
English: fledge
⇒ English: fletch (modified after fletcher)
>? Scots: fleg, flegg
>? Yola: fletch
Old Frisian: *flugge
West Frisian: fluch
Old Saxon: *fluggi
Middle Low German: vlügge
Low German: flügg
→ German: flügge
Old Dutch: *fluggi
Middle Dutch: vlugge, vlugghe
Dutch: vlug
Afrikaans: vlug
Javindo: flug
Petjo: vlug-vlug
Limburgish: vlug
Old High German: flucki, flucchi
Middle High German: vlücke, flücke
Alemannic German: flück
Central Franconian: flögg
Moselle Franconian: flegg
German: flück
Luxembourgish: fléck
Rhine Franconian: flick
Palatine German: flick
Pennsylvania German: flick

< <i class="Latn mention" lang="gem-pro">*flaugijaz</i>

Old Norse: *flyggr, fleygr (< *flaugijaz)

Icelandic: fleygur

Norwegian Nynorsk: fløy

Swedish: flygg

Danish: flyg

From *fleuganą, from Proto-Indo-European *plewk- (“to fly”).


uzlausijaną

uzlausijō (active first-person indicative singular)
uzlausijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
uzlausijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
uzlausīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
uzlausijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
uzlausī (active imperative second-person singular)
uzlausijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
uzlausijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
uzlausīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
uzlausijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
uzlausijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
uzlausijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
uzlausijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
uzlausijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
uzlausijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
uzlausijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
uzlausijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
uzlausijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
uzlausijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
uzlausijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
uzlausijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
uzlausijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
uzlausīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
uzlausijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
uzlausīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
uzlausijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
uzlausijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
uzlausijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
uzlausijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
uzlausijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
uzlausijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
uzlausijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
uzlausidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
uzlausidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
uzlausidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
uzlausidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
uzlausidē (active indicative singular third-person)
uzlausidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
uzlausidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
uzlausidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
uzlausidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
uzlausidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
uzlausidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
uzlausidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
uzlausidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
uzlausidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
uzlausidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
uzlausidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
uzlausijandz (active participle present)
uzlausidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *uʀlausijan
Old English: ālīesan, ālēsan — Anglian; ālīsan, ālȳsan — Late West Saxon
Middle English: alesen
Old Frisian: urlēsa
Old Saxon: *arlōsian, ālōsian, alōsian
Middle Low German: erlȫsen
Low German: erlöösen
Old Dutch: irlōsen
Middle Dutch: erlosen
Old High German: irlōsen
Middle High German: erlœsen
German: erlösen

Gothic: 𐌿𐍃𐌻𐌰𐌿𐍃𐌾𐌰𐌽 (uslausjan)


bautô

gem-decl-noun-table

*bautô (an-stem)

bautô (nominative singular)
bautaniz (nominative plural)
bautô (singular vocative)
bautaniz (plural vocative)
bautanų (accusative singular)
bautanunz (accusative plural)
bautiniz (genitive singular)
bautanǫ̂ (genitive plural)
bautini (dative singular)
bautammaz (dative plural)
bautinē (instrumental singular)
bautammiz (instrumental plural)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *bautō
Old Saxon: bōto
Middle Low German: bôte
⇒ Middle Low German: bö̂teken, bö̂tken
Old High German: bōzo
Middle High German: bōze
German: Bosse
→ Old French: boton, bouton
Middle French: boton, bouton
French: bouton
→ Romanian: buton
→ Italian: bottone
→ Spanish: botón
→ Portuguese: botão
→ Middle English: botoun
English: button
Scots: button

Old Norse: *bauti

⇒ Old Norse: Fárbauti


hringijǭ

hringijǭ (nominative singular)
hringijōniz (nominative plural)
hringijǭ (singular vocative)
hringijōniz (plural vocative)
hringijōnų (accusative singular)
hringijōnunz (accusative plural)
hringijōniz (genitive singular)
hringijōnǫ̂ (genitive plural)
hringijōni (dative singular)
hringijōmaz (dative plural)
hringijōnē (instrumental singular)
hringijōmiz (instrumental plural)

Proto-West Germanic: *hringijā, *hringā
Old English: hrinġe, hrinġiæ, hrinġæ, hrinġċe, rinġċe, rhinġæ
Middle English: ring, rynge, renge (merged with descendant of hring)
English: ring
Scots: ring
Old Saxon: hringa
Middle Low German: rinke
Old High German: ringa
Middle High German: ringge, rinke
German: Rinke

Proto-Norse:

Old Norse: hringja
Icelandic: hringja
Faroese: ringja
Norwegian Nynorsk: ringja
Old Swedish: ringia
Swedish: ringa
Danish: ringe
Norwegian Bokmål: ringe
Gutnish: ringge, ringg', ringga

From *hringaz + *-ijǭ (diminutive suffix).


staigraz

staigraz (masculine nominative singular strong)
staigrai (masculine nominative plural strong)
staigrō (feminine nominative singular strong)
staigrôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
staigrą (neuter nominative singular strong)
-at (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
staigrō (neuter nominative plural strong)
staigranǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
staigranz (accusative masculine plural strong)
staigrǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
staigrōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
staigrą (accusative neuter singular strong)
-at (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
staigrō (accusative neuter plural strong)
staigras (genitive masculine singular strong)
staigris (genitive masculine singular strong)
staigraizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
staigraizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
staigraizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
staigras (genitive neuter singular strong)
staigris (genitive neuter singular strong)
staigraizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
staigrammai (dative masculine singular strong)
staigraimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
staigraizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
staigraimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
staigrammai (dative neuter singular strong)
staigraimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
staigranō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
staigraimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
staigraizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
staigraimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
staigranō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
staigraimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
staigrô (masculine nominative singular weak)
staigraniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
staigrǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
staigrōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
staigrô (neuter nominative singular weak)
staigrōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
staigranų (accusative masculine singular weak)
staigranunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
staigrōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
staigrōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
staigrô (accusative neuter singular weak)
staigrōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
staigriniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
staigranǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
staigrōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
staigrōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
staigriniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
staigranǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
staigrini (dative masculine singular weak)
staigrammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
staigrōni (dative feminine singular weak)
staigrōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
staigrini (dative neuter singular weak)
staigrammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
staigrinē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
staigrammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
staigrōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
staigrōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
staigrinē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
staigrammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

Proto-West Germanic: *staigr

Old English: stǣġer
Middle English: stayre, staire, stæʒre

Old Saxon: *stēgar, *steigar

Middle Low German: stêger

Old Norse: *steigur

Icelandic: steigur

⇒ Old Norse: (“proudly”)

Latin script: steigurliga

Runic script: ᛋᛏᛁᛁᚴᚢᚱᛚᛁᚴᛅ (stiikurlika)

From *staigijaną (“to raise up, elevate”) + *-raz.


mulkōną

mulkō (active first-person indicative singular)
mulkǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
mulkōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
mulkōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
mulkōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
mulkō (active imperative second-person singular)
mulkōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
mulkōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
mulkōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
mulkō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
mulkōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
mulkōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
mulkōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
mulkōs (active dual first-person indicative)
mulkōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
mulkōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
mulkōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
mulkōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
mulkōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
mulkōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
mulkōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
mulkōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
mulkōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
mulkōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
mulkōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
mulkōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
mulkōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
mulkōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
mulkōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
mulkōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
mulkōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
mulkōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
mulkōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
mulkōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
mulkōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
mulkōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
mulkōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
mulkōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
mulkōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
mulkōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
mulkōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
mulkōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
mulkōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
mulkōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
mulkōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
mulkōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
mulkōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
mulkōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
mulkōndz (active participle present)
mulkōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *molkōn
Old Frisian: molkia

Old Norse: molka

Old Swedish: molka

Gutnish: mulka

From *h₂ml̥ǵnéh₂-, a zero-grade iterative formation to Proto-Indo-European *h₂melǵ- (“to milk”). Closely related to the strong verb *melkaną.


slautijǭ

slautijǭ (nominative singular)
slautijōniz (nominative plural)
slautijǭ (singular vocative)
slautijōniz (plural vocative)
slautijōnų (accusative singular)
slautijōnunz (accusative plural)
slautijōniz (genitive singular)
slautijōnǫ̂ (genitive plural)
slautijōni (dative singular)
slautijōmaz (dative plural)
slautijōnē (instrumental singular)
slautijōmiz (instrumental plural)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *slautijā
Old English: *slīete, *slēte
Middle English: slete, sleet, slet, sleth, slethe
English: sleet
Old Saxon: *slōtia
Middle Low German: slö̂te
German Low German: Slöten, Sloot
Old High German: *slōza
Middle High German: slôz m, slôze f (either from a byform *slautā or a back-formation from plural *slœzzen)
Alemannic German:
Alsatian: Schloss
Central Franconian: Schluß
Hunsrik: Schlos
Transylvanian Saxon: Schloße
East Central German: Schlooßen
German: Schloße, Schloßen (dialectal)
Luxembourgish: Schlouss
Rhine Franconian: Schloß
Palatine German: Schloß, Schloße, Schlouße
Pennsylvania German: Schlooss

Proto-Norse:

Old Gutnish: sloita

Gutnish: sloyta

Unclear; compare Proto-West Germanic *slaut (“puddle”) and Proto-Slavic *sludъ (“rime”).


sakōną

sakō (active first-person indicative singular)
sakǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
sakōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
sakōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
sakōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
sakō (active imperative second-person singular)
sakōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
sakōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
sakōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
sakō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
sakōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
sakōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
sakōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
sakōs (active dual first-person indicative)
sakōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
sakōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
sakōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
sakōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
sakōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
sakōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
sakōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
sakōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
sakōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
sakōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
sakōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
sakōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
sakōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
sakōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
sakōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
sakōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
sakōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
sakōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
sakōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
sakōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
sakōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
sakōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
sakōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
sakōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
sakōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
sakōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
sakōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
sakōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
sakōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
sakōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
sakōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
sakōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
sakōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
sakōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
sakōndz (active participle present)
sakōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *sakōn
Old English: sacian
Old Frisian: sekia
Old Saxon: sakōn
Middle Low German: sāken
Old Dutch: *sakon
Middle Dutch: sāken
Old High German: *sahhōn
Middle High German: sachen

Old Norse: saka
Icelandic: saka
Norwegian:
Norwegian Bokmål: sake
Norwegian Nynorsk: saka, sake

/ˈˈsɑ.kɔː.nɑ̃/

From *sakō (“case, lawsuit, quarrel”) + *-ōną.


kagô

gem-decl-noun-table

*kagô (an-stem)

kagô (nominative singular)
kaganiz (nominative plural)
kagô (singular vocative)
kaganiz (plural vocative)
kaganų (accusative singular)
kaganunz (accusative plural)
kaginiz (genitive singular)
kaganǫ̂ (genitive plural)
kagini (dative singular)
kagammaz (dative plural)
kaginē (instrumental singular)
kagammiz (instrumental plural)

Proto-West Germanic: *kagō

Old English: *ċeaga

⇒ Old English: ċeacga

Middle English: *chagge

English: chag

Old High German: *kago

Middle High German: *kage, *kag

German: Kag

Bavarian: Kag

Old Norse: *kagi

Norwegian Nynorsk: kage (dialectal)

Swedish: kage (dialectal)

⇒ Old Norse: *kaggi (diminutive)

Norwegian Nynorsk: kagge

→ Middle English: *kagge, *kag

desc

English: cag, kag (“stump of a branch, knob”)

desctree

⇒? Old Norse: kaggi (“cask, keg”, literally “little stump”)
Icelandic: kaggi m
Swedish: kagge c
→ Middle English: *kagge, kag
English: keg, cag
Scots: cag, caig
→ Old French: caque
Middle French: kaque, quaque
French: caque


witrōną

witrō (active first-person indicative singular)
witrǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
witrōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
witrōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
witrōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
witrō (active imperative second-person singular)
witrōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
witrōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
witrōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
witrō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
witrōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
witrōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
witrōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
witrōs (active dual first-person indicative)
witrōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
witrōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
witrōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
witrōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
witrōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
witrōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
witrōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
witrōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
witrōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
witrōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
witrōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
witrōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
witrōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
witrōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
witrōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
witrōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
witrōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
witrōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
witrōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
witrōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
witrōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
witrōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
witrōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
witrōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
witrōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
witrōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
witrōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
witrōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
witrōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
witrōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
witrōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
witrōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
witrōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
witrōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
witrōndz (active participle present)
witrōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *wit(t)rōn

Old English: *witerian

Middle English: witteren

⇒ Old English: gewiterian

Old Norse: vitra
Icelandic: vitra
Norwegian Nynorsk: vitre


saiwalōną

saiwalō (active first-person indicative singular)
saiwalǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
saiwalōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
saiwalōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
saiwalōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
saiwalō (active imperative second-person singular)
saiwalōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
saiwalōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
saiwalōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
saiwalō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
saiwalōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
saiwalōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
saiwalōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
saiwalōs (active dual first-person indicative)
saiwalōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
saiwalōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
saiwalōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
saiwalōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
saiwalōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
saiwalōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
saiwalōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
saiwalōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
saiwalōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
saiwalōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
saiwalōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
saiwalōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
saiwalōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
saiwalōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
saiwalōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
saiwalōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
saiwalōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
saiwalōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
saiwalōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
saiwalōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
saiwalōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
saiwalōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
saiwalōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
saiwalōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
saiwalōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
saiwalōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
saiwalōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
saiwalōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
saiwalōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
saiwalōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
saiwalōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
saiwalōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
saiwalōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
saiwalōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
saiwalōndz (active participle present)
saiwalōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *saiwalōn

Old English: sāwlian

Old Norse: *sála

⇒ Old Norse: sálask

Icelandic: sálast

Faroese: sálast


lubagernaz

*lubagernaz (a-stem)

lubagernaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
lubagernai (masculine nominative plural strong)
lubagernō (feminine nominative singular strong)
lubagernôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
lubagerną (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
lubagernō (neuter nominative plural strong)
lubagernanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
lubagernanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
lubagernǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
lubagernōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
lubagerną (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
lubagernō (accusative neuter plural strong)
lubagernas (genitive masculine singular strong)
-is (genitive masculine singular strong)
lubagernaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
lubagernaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
lubagernaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
lubagernas (genitive neuter singular strong)
-is (genitive neuter singular strong)
lubagernaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
lubagernammai (dative masculine singular strong)
lubagernaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
lubagernaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
lubagernaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
lubagernammai (dative neuter singular strong)
lubagernaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
lubagernanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
lubagernaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
lubagernaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
lubagernaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
lubagernanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
lubagernaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
lubagernô (masculine nominative singular weak)
lubagernaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
lubagernǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
lubagernōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
lubagernô (neuter nominative singular weak)
lubagernōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
lubagernanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
lubagernanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
lubagernōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
lubagernōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
lubagernô (accusative neuter singular weak)
lubagernōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
lubagerniniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
lubagernanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
lubagernōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
lubagernōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
lubagerniniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
lubagernanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
lubagernini (dative masculine singular weak)
lubagernammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
lubagernōni (dative feminine singular weak)
lubagernōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
lubagernini (dative neuter singular weak)
lubagernammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
lubagerninē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
lubagernammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
lubagernōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
lubagernōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
lubagerninē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
lubagernammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

Proto-West Germanic: *lobagern

Old English: lofġeorn

⇒ Old High German: lobogernī

Old Norse: lofgjarn

Icelandic: lofgjarn


grubilōną

grubilō (active first-person indicative singular)
grubilǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
grubilōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
grubilōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
grubilōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
grubilō (active imperative second-person singular)
grubilōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
grubilōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
grubilōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
grubilō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
grubilōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
grubilōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
grubilōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
grubilōs (active dual first-person indicative)
grubilōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
grubilōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
grubilōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
grubilōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
grubilōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
grubilōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
grubilōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
grubilōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
grubilōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
grubilōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
grubilōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
grubilōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
grubilōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
grubilōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
grubilōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
grubilōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
grubilōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
grubilōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
grubilōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
grubilōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
grubilōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
grubilōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
grubilōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
grubilōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
grubilōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
grubilōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
grubilōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
grubilōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
grubilōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
grubilōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
grubilōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
grubilōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
grubilōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
grubilōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
grubilōndz (active participle present)
grubilōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *grubilōn
Old Saxon: *gruvilōn
Middle Low German: *gruvelen, *grüvelen
German Low German: gruveln (also possibly borrowed from Middle High/Modern German)
Old High German: grubilōn
Middle High German: grübelen
German: grübeln

Old Norse: grœfla, grufla

Icelandic: grufla

Faroese: gruvla

Norwegian Nynorsk: gruvla

→ Middle English: *grovelen

English: grovel

Middle Scots: grovill

Scots: grovel, grovle, gruvil

Uncertain. Possibly a derivative of *grubilaz (“lying face down", or "a digging instrument”) + *-ōną. Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *gʰrebʰ- (“to dig, scrape, scratch”).


-lif

Used in Proto-Germanic *ainalif and Proto-Germanic *twalif by compounding with *ainaz (“one”) and *twai (“two”), in the sense of how many are left over after counting ten.


wrainiz

wrainiz (masculine nominative singular strong)
wrainijai (masculine nominative plural strong)
wrainī (feminine nominative singular strong)
wrainijôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
wrainį (neuter nominative singular strong)
-jatō (neuter nominative singular strong)
wrainijō (neuter nominative plural strong)
wrainijanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
wrainijanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
wrainijǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
wrainijōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
wrainį (accusative neuter singular strong)
-jatō (accusative neuter singular strong)
wrainijō (accusative neuter plural strong)
wrainijas (genitive masculine singular strong)
wrainīs (genitive masculine singular strong)
wrainijaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
wrainijaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
wrainijaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
wrainijas (genitive neuter singular strong)
wrainīs (genitive neuter singular strong)
wrainijaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
wrainijammai (dative masculine singular strong)
wrainijaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
wrainijaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
wrainijaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
wrainijammai (dative neuter singular strong)
wrainijaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
wrainijanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
wrainijaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
wrainijaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
wrainijaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
wrainijanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
wrainijaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
wrainijô (masculine nominative singular weak)
wrainijaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
wrainijǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
wrainijōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
wrainijô (neuter nominative singular weak)
wrainijōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
wrainijanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
wrainijanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
wrainijōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
wrainijōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
wrainijô (accusative neuter singular weak)
wrainijōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
wrainīniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
wrainijanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
wrainijōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
wrainijōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
wrainīniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
wrainijanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
wrainīni (dative masculine singular weak)
wrainijammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
wrainijōni (dative feminine singular weak)
wrainijōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
wrainīni (dative neuter singular weak)
wrainijammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
wrainīnē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
wrainijammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
wrainijōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
wrainijōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
wrainīnē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
wrainijammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

Proto-West Germanic: *wrainī

desctree

Old English: wrǣne
Middle English: wrene

⇒ Proto-West Germanic: *wrainijan

Old English: *wrǣnan

⇒ Old English: āwrǣnan

From Proto-Indo-European *wer- (“to twist, bend, wind”).


wrainiskaz

wrainiskaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
wrainiskai (masculine nominative plural strong)
wrainiskō (feminine nominative singular strong)
wrainiskôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
wrainiską (neuter nominative singular strong)
-at (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
wrainiskō (neuter nominative plural strong)
wrainiskanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
wrainiskanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
wrainiskǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
wrainiskōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
wrainiską (accusative neuter singular strong)
-at (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
wrainiskō (accusative neuter plural strong)
wrainiskas (genitive masculine singular strong)
wrainiskis (genitive masculine singular strong)
wrainiskaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
wrainiskaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
wrainiskaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
wrainiskas (genitive neuter singular strong)
wrainiskis (genitive neuter singular strong)
wrainiskaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
wrainiskammai (dative masculine singular strong)
wrainiskaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
wrainiskaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
wrainiskaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
wrainiskammai (dative neuter singular strong)
wrainiskaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
wrainiskanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
wrainiskaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
wrainiskaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
wrainiskaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
wrainiskanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
wrainiskaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
wrainiskô (masculine nominative singular weak)
wrainiskaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
wrainiskǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
wrainiskōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
wrainiskô (neuter nominative singular weak)
wrainiskōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
wrainiskanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
wrainiskanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
wrainiskōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
wrainiskōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
wrainiskô (accusative neuter singular weak)
wrainiskōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
wrainiskiniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
wrainiskanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
wrainiskōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
wrainiskōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
wrainiskiniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
wrainiskanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
wrainiskini (dative masculine singular weak)
wrainiskammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
wrainiskōni (dative feminine singular weak)
wrainiskōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
wrainiskini (dative neuter singular weak)
wrainiskammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
wrainiskinē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
wrainiskammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
wrainiskōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
wrainiskōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
wrainiskinē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
wrainiskammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

Proto-West Germanic: *wrainisk

Old Saxon: wrēnisk

desc

Middle Low German: wrenisch, wrenesch, wrensch

→ Danish: vrinsk

→ Norwegian Bokmål: vrinsk

→ Swedish: vrensk

→ Norwegian Nynorsk: rinska

⇒ Middle Low German: *wrenischen, wrenschen, wrinschen

Low German: wrinschen

German Low German: wrensken

→ German: wrinschen

→⇒ Middle English: wrenkesing

→ Saterland Frisian: wreenskje, wrinskje, wränskje

→ West Frisian: wrinskje

→ Danish: vrinske

→ Norwegian Bokmål: vrinske

→ Swedish: vrenska

⇒ Swedish: vrenskas

Old Dutch: *wrēnisk

Middle Dutch: wreensch, wrensch

⇒ Middle Dutch: wrenschen, wrenscen, wreinscen, wrinscen

Dutch: wrensen

Old High German: wreinisk, reinisk, reinisc

Middle High German: reinisch

German: reinisch (dialectal)

⇒ Middle High German: renschen


wrainijô

wrainijô (nominative singular)
wrainijaniz (nominative plural)
wrainijô (singular vocative)
wrainijaniz (plural vocative)
wrainijanų (accusative singular)
wrainijanunz (accusative plural)
wrainijiniz (genitive singular)
wrainijanǫ̂ (genitive plural)
wrainijini (dative singular)
wrainijammaz (dative plural)
wrainijinē (instrumental singular)
wrainijammiz (instrumental plural)

Proto-West Germanic: *wrainijō

Old Saxon: wrēnio

Middle Low German: rūne, rune, ruhne, ruͤne, rūn, rūme, rōne

⇒ Middle Low German: *wrenen, *wreinen (verb)

German Low German: wrenen, freinen

Old Dutch: *wrēno

Middle Dutch: wrene

Dutch: wreen

→ West Frisian: wreen

→ Late Latin: waranio, warannio, warangio, warinio, warrinio

Occitan: guaragnon

Italian: guaragno

Spanish: guarañon

Old High German: wreinno, reinneo, reinno, reino

Middle High German: reine

German: Rein

Old Norse: vreini, reini

Icelandic: reini

⇒ Norwegian Nynorsk: vrina, vrine (verb) (dialectal)

⇒ Swedish: vrina (verb) (dialectal)

that which is in heat or rutting, especially a stallion or stud


in walą fallaną

Proto-West Germanic: *in wal fallan

Old English: on wæl feallan

desctree

Old Norse: falla í val
Icelandic: falla í val


hwītilaz

hwītilaz (nominative singular)
hwītilōz (nominative plural)
hwītilōs (nominative plural)
hwītil (singular vocative)
hwītilōz (plural vocative)
hwītilōs (plural vocative)
hwītilą (accusative singular)
hwītilanz (accusative plural)
hwītilas (genitive singular)
hwītilis (genitive singular)
hwītilǫ̂ (genitive plural)
hwītilai (dative singular)
hwītilamaz (dative plural)
hwītilō (instrumental singular)
hwītilamiz (instrumental plural)

Proto-West Germanic: *hwītil

Old English: hwītel
Middle English: whytel, whitle, wytele, wittulle
English: whittle
Yola: whithel
→ Old Northern French: blancet, blanket (calque)
Middle French: blanchet
French: blanchet
→ Middle English: blanket
English: blanket
Scots: blanket
→ Old Norse: blakt

Old Norse: hvítill

Icelandic: hvítill

Norwegian Nynorsk: kvitel

From *hwītaz + *-ilaz (diminutive suffix).


krakjaną

krakjō (active first-person indicative singular)
krakjaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
krakjai (first-person indicative passive singular)
krakisi (active indicative second-person singular)
krakjais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
kraki (active imperative second-person singular)
krakjasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
krakjaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
krakiþi (active indicative singular third-person)
krakjai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
krakjaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
krakjaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
krakjaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
krakjōs (active dual first-person indicative)
krakjaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
krakjaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
krakjaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
krakjaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
krakjamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
krakjaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
krakjanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
krakjainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
krakiþ (active indicative plural second-person)
krakjaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
krakiþ (active imperative plural second-person)
krakjanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
krakjainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
krakjanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
krakjain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
krakjanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
krakjanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
krakjainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
krakidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
krakidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
krakidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
krakidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
krakidē (active indicative singular third-person)
krakidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
krakidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
krakidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
krakidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
krakidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
krakidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
krakidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
krakidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
krakidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
krakidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
krakidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
krakjandz (active participle present)
krakidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *krakkjan

Old English: *cræċċan, *ċiercan, ċircan

desc

Middle English: cracchen, crykken, cherken, chirken

English: chirk

Scots: chirk, jirg

Old Dutch: *krekken, *kreken

Middle Dutch: kricken, creken

Dutch: krieken; krikken (dialectal)

⇒ Middle Dutch: crekelen

Dutch: krekelen (dialectal)

→? Middle English: creken, criken

English: creak

→ Old French: *criker

Middle French: crikier

French: criquer

Old High German: krehhen, krechen, krekken, krecken

Middle High German: krechen

From Proto-Indo-European *gerg-, *grā- (“to crow, shout”), from Proto-Indo-European *gerh₂- (“to make a sound, cry hoarsely”), ultimately of onomatopoeic origin. Cognate with Lithuanian girgždėti (“to creak, squeak”).

onomatopoeic

onomatopoeic

cog

(West Germanic) to crack; crackle; shriek


burilijōną

burilijō (active first-person indicative singular)
burilijǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
burilijōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
burilijōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
burilijōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
burilijō (active imperative second-person singular)
burilijōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
burilijōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
burilijōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
burilijō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
burilijōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
burilijōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
burilijōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
burilijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
burilijōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
burilijōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
burilijōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
burilijōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
burilijōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
burilijōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
burilijōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
burilijōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
burilijōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
burilijōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
burilijōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
burilijōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
burilijōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
burilijōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
burilijōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
burilijōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
burilijōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
burilijōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
burilijōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
burilijōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
burilijōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
burilijōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
burilijōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
burilijōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
burilijōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
burilijōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
burilijōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
burilijōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
burilijōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
burilijōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
burilijōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
burilijōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
burilijōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
burilijōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
burilijōndz (active participle present)
burilijōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *burilijōn

Old English: byrelian

Old Norse: byrla

From *burilijaz (“cup-bearer, steward”) + *-ōną.


farnōną

farnō (active first-person indicative singular)
farnǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
farnōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
farnōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
farnōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
farnō (active imperative second-person singular)
farnōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
farnōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
farnōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
farnō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
farnōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
farnōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
farnōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
farnōs (active dual first-person indicative)
farnōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
farnōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
farnōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
farnōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
farnōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
farnōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
farnōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
farnōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
farnōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
farnōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
farnōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
farnōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
farnōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
farnōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
farnōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
farnōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
farnōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
farnōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
farnōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
farnōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
farnōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
farnōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
farnōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
farnōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
farnōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
farnōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
farnōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
farnōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
farnōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
farnōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
farnōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
farnōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
farnōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
farnōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
farnōndz (active participle present)
farnōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *farnōn

Old English: farnian

Old Norse: *farna

⇒ Old Norse: farnask

Unclear, but likely related to the strong verb *faraną.


snaisō

snaisō (nominative singular)
snaisôz (nominative plural)
snaisō (singular vocative)
snaisôz (plural vocative)
snaisǭ (accusative singular)
snaisōz (accusative plural)
snaisōz (genitive singular)
snaisǫ̂ (genitive plural)
snaisōi (dative singular)
snaisōmaz (dative plural)
snaisō (instrumental singular)
snaisōmiz (instrumental plural)

Proto-West Germanic: *snaisu

Old English: snās, snǣs

Old Frisian: snēs, snēse

West Frisian: snies

Old Saxon: snēsa

Middle Low German: snêse, sneise

Low German: sneise

Old Dutch: *snēsa

Middle Dutch: snese, snees

Dutch: snees

Old High German: *sneisa

Middle High German: sneise

German: Schneise

desctree

Old Norse: sneis
Icelandic: sneis
Norwegian Bokmål: sneis
Norwegian Nynorsk: sneis
Swedish: snes (dialectal)
Danish: snes
Norwegian Bokmål: snes

From Proto-Indo-European *sneyt- (“to cut”).


unþafleuhaną

unþafleuhō (active first-person indicative singular)
unþafleuhaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
unþafleuhai (first-person indicative passive singular)
unþafliuhizi (active indicative second-person singular)
unþafleuhaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
unþafleuh (active imperative second-person singular)
unþafleuhazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
unþafleuhaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
unþafliuhidi (active indicative singular third-person)
unþafleuhai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
unþafleuhadau (active imperative singular third-person)
unþafleuhadai (indicative passive singular third-person)
unþafleuhaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
unþafleuhōz (active dual first-person indicative)
unþafleuhaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
unþafleuhadiz (active dual indicative second-person)
unþafleuhaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
unþafleuhadiz (active dual imperative second-person)
unþafleuhamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
unþafleuhaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
unþafleuhandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
unþafleuhaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
unþafliuhid (active indicative plural second-person)
unþafleuhaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
unþafliuhid (active imperative plural second-person)
unþafleuhandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
unþafleuhaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
unþafleuhandi (active indicative plural third-person)
unþafleuhain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
unþafleuhandau (active imperative plural third-person)
unþafleuhandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
unþafleuhaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
unþaflauh (active first-person indicative singular)
unþaflugį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
unþaflauht (active indicative second-person singular)
unþaflugīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
unþaflauh (active indicative singular third-person)
unþaflugī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
unþaflugū (active dual first-person indicative)
unþaflugīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
unþaflugudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
unþaflugīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
unþaflugum (active first-person indicative plural)
unþaflugīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
unþaflugud (active indicative plural second-person)
unþaflugīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
unþaflugun (active indicative plural third-person)
unþaflugīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
unþafleuhandz (active participle present)
unþafluganaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *unþafleuhan
Old English: ōþflēon
Old Frisian: undfliā, ondfliā, andfliā
Saterland Frisian: undfljoge
West Frisian: ûntflean
Old Saxon: *undfliohan, *andfliohan
Middle Low German: entvlēn, envlēn, untvlēn
→ Danish: undfly
→ Norwegian: unnfly
→ Swedish: undfly
Old Dutch: *antflian
Middle Dutch: ontvlien
Dutch: ontvlieden
Old High German: intfliohan, intfliogan
Middle High German: enpfliehen, enphliehen, entvliehen
German: entfliehen

Gothic: 𐌿𐌽𐌸𐌰𐌸𐌻𐌹𐌿𐌷𐌰𐌽 (unþaþliuhan)

From *unþa- (“away”) + *fleuhaną (“to flee”).


fōstrōną

fōstrō (active first-person indicative singular)
fōstrǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
fōstrōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
fōstrōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
fōstrōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
fōstrō (active imperative second-person singular)
fōstrōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
fōstrōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
fōstrōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
fōstrō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
fōstrōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
fōstrōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
fōstrōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
fōstrōs (active dual first-person indicative)
fōstrōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
fōstrōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
fōstrōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
fōstrōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
fōstrōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
fōstrōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
fōstrōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
fōstrōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
fōstrōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
fōstrōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
fōstrōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
fōstrōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
fōstrōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
fōstrōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
fōstrōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
fōstrōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
fōstrōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
fōstrōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
fōstrōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
fōstrōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
fōstrōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
fōstrōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
fōstrōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
fōstrōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
fōstrōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
fōstrōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
fōstrōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
fōstrōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
fōstrōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
fōstrōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
fōstrōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
fōstrōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
fōstrōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
fōstrōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
fōstrōndz (active participle present)
fōstrōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *fōstrōn
Old English: fōstrian
Middle English: fostren
English: foster
Old Dutch: *fuosteron
Middle Dutch: voesteren
Dutch: voedsteren, voesteren

Old Norse: fóstra

Icelandic: fóstra

Norwegian:

Norwegian Bokmål: fostre

Norwegian Nynorsk: fostre, fostra

Swedish: fostra

Danish: fostre

/ˈɸɔːs.trɔː.nɑ̃/

Derived from *fōstrą (“fostering”) + *-ōną


innōną

innō (active first-person indicative singular)
innǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
innōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
innōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
innōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
innō (active imperative second-person singular)
innōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
innōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
innōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
innō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
innōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
innōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
innōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
innōs (active dual first-person indicative)
innōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
innōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
innōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
innōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
innōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
innōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
innōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
innōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
innōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
innōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
innōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
innōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
innōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
innōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
innōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
innōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
innōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
innōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
innōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
innōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
innōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
innōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
innōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
innōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
innōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
innōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
innōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
innōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
innōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
innōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
innōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
innōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
innōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
innōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
innōndz (active participle present)
innōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *innōn
Old English: innian
Middle English: innen
English: in (obsolete)
Old Frisian: innia
Old Saxon: *innon
Middle Low German: innen
Old Dutch: *innon
Middle Dutch: innen
Dutch: innen
Limburgish: inne
Old High German: innōn
Middle High German: innen
German: innen

Old Norse: inna

Icelandic: inna


framōną

framō (active first-person indicative singular)
framǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
framōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
framōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
framōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
framō (active imperative second-person singular)
framōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
framōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
framōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
framō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
framōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
framōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
framōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
framōs (active dual first-person indicative)
framōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
framōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
framōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
framōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
framōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
framōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
framōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
framōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
framōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
framōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
framōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
framōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
framōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
framōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
framōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
framōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
framōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
framōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
framōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
framōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
framōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
framōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
framōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
framōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
framōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
framōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
framōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
framōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
framōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
framōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
framōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
framōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
framōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
framōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
framōndz (active participle present)
framōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *framōn
Old English: framian
Middle English: framen
English: frame
Old Frisian: framia
Old Saxon: *framōn
Middle Low German: vrāmen
⇒ Old Saxon: giframōn
Old Dutch: *framon
Middle Dutch: vrāmen
Dutch: vramen (obsolete)

Old Norse: frama

From *fram (“forth, forward”) + *-ōną or *framaz (“forward, prominent”) + *-ōną.


kattǭ

kattǭ (nominative singular)
kattōniz (nominative plural)
kattǭ (singular vocative)
kattōniz (plural vocative)
kattōnų (accusative singular)
kattōnunz (accusative plural)
kattōniz (genitive singular)
kattōnǫ̂ (genitive plural)
kattōni (dative singular)
kattōmaz (dative plural)
kattōnē (instrumental singular)
kattōmiz (instrumental plural)

Proto-West Germanic: *kattā
Old English: catte
Middle English: catte, katte
Old Frisian: katte
North Frisian: kaat, kåt
Saterland Frisian: Kat
West Frisian: kat
Old Saxon: katta
Middle Low German: katte
Dutch Low Saxon: katte
German Low German: Katt, Katte
Plautdietsch: Kautt, Kaut
Old Dutch: *katta (attested in placenames and to-names)
Middle Dutch: catte
Dutch: kat
Afrikaans: kat
→ Xhosa: ikati
→ Zulu: ikati
Jersey Dutch: kāt
Negerhollands: katje (from the Dutch diminutive)
Skepi Creole Dutch: kat
Limburgish: kat
West Flemish: katte
Old High German: *katta, kazza
Middle High German: katze
Alemannic German: Chatz, Chats, Chazz, Chaz; Kàtz (Alsatian); chatza, chatzu, chatzò, chàzzà (Walser)
Bavarian: ckozza, khoze, kòtze, Katz
Cimbrian: katze, khatz, khatza
Mòcheno: kòtz
Central Franconian:
Hunsrik: Katz
German: Katze
Luxembourgish: Kaz
Rhine Franconian:
Pennsylvania German: Katz
Yiddish: קאַץ (kats)

Old Norse: ketta
Icelandic: ketta
Faroese: ketta
Norwegian Nynorsk: kjette, kjetta
Norwegian Bokmål: kjette
Old Swedish: kætta
Swedish: katta


swīmô

swīmô (nominative singular)
swīmaniz (nominative plural)
swīmô (singular vocative)
swīmaniz (plural vocative)
swīmanų (accusative singular)
swīmanunz (accusative plural)
swīminiz (genitive singular)
swīmanǫ̂ (genitive plural)
swīmini (dative singular)
swīmammaz (dative plural)
swīminē (instrumental singular)
swīmammiz (instrumental plural)

Proto-West Germanic: *swīmō

Old English: swīma
Middle English: swyme
English: swim

Old Frisian: swīma

West Frisian: swym

Old Saxon: swīmo

Middle Low German: swîme, swîm

→ Swedish: svim

Old Dutch: *swīmo

Middle Dutch: swijm

Dutch: zwijm

Old High German: swīmo

Middle High German: swīm

German: Schweim

Old Norse: svími

Icelandic: svími, svimi; svima

Old Swedish: svimi

Swedish: svimma

Danish: svime

→? Proto-Finnic: *huima (see there for further descendants)


seldaz

*saldaz (a-stem)

saldaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
saldai (masculine nominative plural strong)
saldō (feminine nominative singular strong)
saldôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
saldą (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
saldō (neuter nominative plural strong)
saldanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
saldanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
saldǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
saldōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
saldą (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
saldō (accusative neuter plural strong)
saldas (genitive masculine singular strong)
-is (genitive masculine singular strong)
saldaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
saldaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
saldaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
saldas (genitive neuter singular strong)
-is (genitive neuter singular strong)
saldaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
saldammai (dative masculine singular strong)
saldaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
saldaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
saldaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
saldammai (dative neuter singular strong)
saldaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
saldanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
saldaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
saldaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
saldaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
saldanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
saldaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
saldô (masculine nominative singular weak)
saldaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
saldǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
saldōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
saldô (neuter nominative singular weak)
saldōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
saldanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
saldanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
saldōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
saldōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
saldô (accusative neuter singular weak)
saldōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
saldiniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
saldanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
saldōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
saldōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
saldiniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
saldanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
saldini (dative masculine singular weak)
saldammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
saldōni (dative feminine singular weak)
saldōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
saldini (dative neuter singular weak)
saldammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
saldinē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
saldammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
saldōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
saldōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
saldinē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
saldammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

Proto-West Germanic: *seld


-samaz

-samaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
-samai (masculine nominative plural strong)
-samō (feminine nominative singular strong)
-samôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
-samą (neuter nominative singular strong)
-at (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
-samō (neuter nominative plural strong)
-samanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
-samanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
-samǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
-samōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
-samą (accusative neuter singular strong)
-at (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
-samō (accusative neuter plural strong)
-samas (genitive masculine singular strong)
-samis (genitive masculine singular strong)
-samaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
-samaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
-samaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
-samas (genitive neuter singular strong)
-samis (genitive neuter singular strong)
-samaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
-samammai (dative masculine singular strong)
-samaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
-samaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
-samaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
-samammai (dative neuter singular strong)
-samaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
-samanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
-samaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
-samaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
-samaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
-samanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
-samaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
-samô (masculine nominative singular weak)
-samaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
-samǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
-samōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
-samô (neuter nominative singular weak)
-samōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
-samanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
-samanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
-samōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
-samōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
-samô (accusative neuter singular weak)
-samōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
-saminiz (genitive masculine singular weak)
-samanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
-samōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
-samōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
-saminiz (genitive neuter singular weak)
-samanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
-samini (dative masculine singular weak)
-samammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
-samōni (dative feminine singular weak)
-samōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
-samini (dative neuter singular weak)
-samammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
-saminē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
-samammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
-samōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
-samōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
-saminē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
-samammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

Proto-West Germanic: *-sam
Old English: -sum
Middle English: -sum, -som, -some
English: -some
Scots: -some
Old Frisian: -sam
Saterland Frisian: -soam
West Frisian: -sum
Old Saxon: -sam
Middle Low German: -sam
German Low German: -saam
Old Dutch: -sam
Middle Dutch: -sam
Dutch: -zaam
Old High German: -sam
Middle High German: -sam
German: -sam

Old Norse: -samr

Icelandic: -samur

Faroese: -samur

Norwegian: -som

Swedish: -sam

Danish: -som

Gothic: -𐍃𐌰𐌼𐍃 (-sams)

-some. Forms adjectives from nouns and adjectives expressing similarity or the possession of a quality.


Harigastiz

Harigastiz (nominative singular)
Harigastīz (nominative plural)
Harigasti (singular vocative)
Harigastīz (plural vocative)
Harigastį (accusative singular)
Harigastinz (accusative plural)
Harigastīz (genitive singular)
Harigastī (dative singular)
Harigastimaz (dative plural)
Harigastī (instrumental singular)
Harigastimiz (instrumental plural)

Old High German: Herigast
→ Old Danish: Heriest, Hæryst

Proto-Norse: *ᚺᚨᚱᛁᚷᚨᛊᛏᛁᛉ (*harigastiʀ)

Old Norse: *Hergestr

→ Icelandic: Hergestur (learned)

q

>? Norwegian: Hergjest (mainly a new construction from the same elements)

→ Swedish: Härgäst (learned)

→ Danish: Hærgæst (learned)

From *harjaz (“army”) + *gastiz (“guest”).

𐌇𐌀𐌓𐌉𐌙𐌀𐌔𐌕𐌉𐌕𐌄𐌉𐌅𐌀///𐌉𐌐
hariχastiteiva\\\ip
Harigasti teiw(a) [?]

c. 450 BC–350 BC, inscription on the Negau helmet

Harigast the priest / o, Harigast, divine one


bruskaz

bruskaz (nominative singular)
bruskōz (nominative plural)
bruskōs (nominative plural)
brusk (singular vocative)
bruskōz (plural vocative)
bruskōs (plural vocative)
bruską (accusative singular)
bruskanz (accusative plural)
bruskas (genitive singular)
bruskis (genitive singular)
bruskǫ̂ (genitive plural)
bruskai (dative singular)
bruskamaz (dative plural)
bruskō (instrumental singular)
bruskamiz (instrumental plural)

Proto-West Germanic: *brusk

Old Saxon: *brusk

desc

Middle Low German: brusch (“bucher's broom”)

Old Dutch: *brusk

Middle Dutch: brusc m (“shrubs, twigs, bundle of sticks”)

Old High German: brusk n (“shoot, bud”)

Middle High German: brüsch m (“thorny bush”)

German: Brüsch

→ Vulgar Latin: *bruscus (“butcher's broom”)

Italian: brusco (“prickly broom”)

→ Occitan: brusc

→ French: brusc

⇒ Vulgar Latin: *bruscia (“tree shoot”)

Old French: broce (“scrub, brushwood, undergrowth”)

Middle French: broisse

French: brosse

→ Middle English: brusche, brusshe

English: brush

From Proto-Indo-European *bʰrūs‑, *bʰrews‑ (“to roar, roil, rustle, sprout”).


swajutą

gem-decl-noun-table

*swajutą (a-stem)

swajutą (nominative singular)
swajutō (nominative plural)
swajutą (singular vocative)
swajutō (plural vocative)
swajutą (accusative singular)
swajutō (accusative plural)
swajutas (genitive singular)
-is (genitive singular)
swajutǫ̂ (genitive plural)
swajutai (dative singular)
swajutamaz (dative plural)
swajutō (instrumental singular)
swajutamiz (instrumental plural)

Proto-West Germanic: *sweut

Old English: swēot

Proto-Norse: *s(w)eut, *s(w)iot

Old Norse: sjót

Icelandic: sjót

Proto-Norse: *swæi(u)t

Old Norse: sveit f

Icelandic: sveit

Uncertain. Possibly from *swai (“self, one's own”), from Proto-Indo-European *swé (“onself, own”) + *-utą.


ankurô

ankurô (nominative singular)
ankuraniz (nominative plural)
ankurô (singular vocative)
ankuraniz (plural vocative)
ankuranų (accusative singular)
ankuranunz (accusative plural)
ankuriniz (genitive singular)
ankuranǫ̂ (genitive plural)
ankurini (dative singular)
ankurammaz (dative plural)
ankurinē (instrumental singular)
ankurammiz (instrumental plural)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *ankurō
Old English: ancor, ancer, oncer
Middle English: anker, ancre, aunkir, ankor, ankur, ankir, ancher, ancour, hanker
English: anchor (see there for further descendants)
Scots: anchor, anker
Old Frisian: anker, onker
West Frisian: anker
Old Saxon: *ankaro
Middle High German: anker, ankor, ankar
Old Dutch: *ankaro
Middle Dutch: anker
Dutch: anker
Afrikaans: anker
Negerhollands: anker, henka, heṅku
→ Lokono: anker
→ Indonesian: angker
→ Papiamentu: anker
→ Sranan Tongo: ankra (see there for further descendants)
Old High German: ankero, anker
Middle High German: anker
German: Anker (see there for further descendants)

Old Norse: akkeri, atkeri
Icelandic: akkeri
Norwegian: anker, ankar
Old Swedish: ankæri
Swedish: ankare, ankar
→ Finnish: ankkuri
→ Ingrian: ankkuri
→ Estonian: ankur
→ Old East Slavic: ѧкорь (ękorĭ)
Russian: якорь (jakorʹ)
→ Kildin Sami: ёакар (jåkar)
→ Uyghur: ياكور (yakor)
→ Yakut: дьаакыр (jaakır)
Ukrainian: я́кір (jákir)
Danish: anker


tetruz

tetruz (nominative singular)
titriwiz (nominative plural)
tetru (singular vocative)
titriwiz (plural vocative)
tetrų (accusative singular)
tetrunz (accusative plural)
tetrauz (genitive singular)
titriwǫ̂ (genitive plural)
titriwi (dative singular)
tetrumaz (dative plural)
tetrū (instrumental singular)
tetrumiz (instrumental plural)

Proto-West Germanic: *tetru

Old English: tetr, teter; tetra

desc

Middle English: teter, tetre, tetire, tetyr

English: tetter

From Proto-Indo-European *dedru-, *derdru-, a reduplicative form derived from *der- (“to split, separate, crack, chafe, flay”). Compare Sanskrit दद्रू (dadrū, “a skin eruption, a type of leprosy”) and दद्रुक (dadruka, “leprosy”).


mōtō

mōtō (nominative singular)
mōtôz (nominative plural)
mōtō (singular vocative)
mōtôz (plural vocative)
mōtǭ (accusative singular)
mōtōz (accusative plural)
mōtōz (genitive singular)
mōtǫ̂ (genitive plural)
mōtōi (dative singular)
mōtōmaz (dative plural)
mōtō (instrumental singular)
mōtōmiz (instrumental plural)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *mōtu
Old English: mōt
Middle English: mot
Yola: mot
Old High German: *muoza
Middle High German: muoze
Bavarian: Mueß (“miller's fee”)
→ Medieval Latin: mūta [a. 837]
→ Old Dutch: *mūta
Middle Dutch: mute
Dutch: muit (archaic)
→ Old High German: *mūta, muta (alternatively borrowed from Gothic)
Middle High German: mūte
German: Maut
→ Old Norse: múta
Icelandic: múta
Norwegian Nynorsk: mute
Old Swedish: múta
Swedish: muta

Gothic: 𐌼𐍉𐍄𐌰 (mōta)

→ Latvian: muita (“customs, tax”) (probably from earlier *mūʔta)

→ Livonian: mūita (“customs”)

→ Proto-Slavic: *mytò (see there for further descendants)

Unknown. Pokorny derives from Proto-Indo-European *med- (“to measure”), similar to *metaþs, *metaną, etc.


fōtspurą

fōtspurą (nominative singular)
fōtspurō (nominative plural)
fōtspurą (singular vocative)
fōtspurō (plural vocative)
fōtspurą (accusative singular)
fōtspurō (accusative plural)
fōtspuras (genitive singular)
fōtspuris (genitive singular)
fōtspurǫ̂ (genitive plural)
fōtspurai (dative singular)
fōtspuramaz (dative plural)
fōtspurō (instrumental singular)
fōtspuramiz (instrumental plural)

Proto-West Germanic: *fōtspor

Old English: fōtspor

Old Frisian: *fōtspor

Saterland Frisian: Foutspúre, Foutspúur

Old Saxon: *fōtspor

desc

Middle Low German: vôtspōr, vôtspore, vôtspār

German Low German: Footspoor

Old Dutch: *fōtspor, *fuotspor

Middle Dutch: voetspore, voetspoor

Dutch: voetspoor

Old High German: fuozspor

Middle High German: vuozspor

German: Fußspur

Old Norse: fótspor

Icelandic: fótspor

Faroese: fótaspor

Norwegian Bokmål: fotspor

Norwegian Nynorsk: fotspor

Swedish: fotspår

Danish: fodspor


Hlūdahildiz

Hlūdahildiz (nominative singular)
Hlūdahildi (singular vocative)
Hlūdahildį (accusative singular)
Hlūdahildīz (genitive singular)
Hlūdahildī (dative singular)
Hlūdahildī (instrumental singular)

English: Clotilda

French: Clotilde, Clothilde

From *hlūdaz (“famous”) + *hildiz (“battle, fight”).


tibrą

tibrą (nominative singular)
tibrō (nominative plural)
tibrą (singular vocative)
tibrō (plural vocative)
tibrą (accusative singular)
tibrō (accusative plural)
tibras (genitive singular)
tibris (genitive singular)
tibrǫ̂ (genitive plural)
tibrai (dative singular)
tibramaz (dative plural)
tibrō (instrumental singular)
tibramiz (instrumental plural)

Proto-West Germanic: *tibr, *tībr

Old English: tiber, tifer

Old High German: zebar

Middle High German: ziber, zifer

German: Ziefer

⇒ Middle High German: unziber, unzifer

German: Unziefer

desc

⇒ Middle High German: ungezibere, ungeziber

German: Ungeziefer

Lombardic: ziber

→ Old French: toivre (“cattle, livestock, beast”)

Old Norse: tífurr, tívurr (possibly borrowed from Old English)

>? Gothic: 𐌰𐌹𐌱𐍂 (aibr) (error for *𐍄𐌹𐌱𐍂 (*tibr))

From Proto-Indo-European *dipró- (“sacrificial animal”), from Proto-Indo-European *deyp-. Compare Ancient Greek δεῖπνον (deîpnon, “meal, dinner”).


kulbaz

kulbaz (nominative singular)
kulbōz (nominative plural)
kulbōs (nominative plural)
kulb (singular vocative)
kulbōz (plural vocative)
kulbōs (plural vocative)
kulbą (accusative singular)
kulbanz (accusative plural)
kulbas (genitive singular)
kulbis (genitive singular)
kulbǫ̂ (genitive plural)
kulbai (dative singular)
kulbamaz (dative plural)
kulbō (instrumental singular)
kulbamiz (instrumental plural)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *kolb
Old Dutch: *kolf
Middle Dutch: kolf (conflated with *kolbō)
Old High German: kolb

Old Norse: kolfr
Icelandic: kólfur
Faroese: kúlvur
Norwegian Nynorsk: kolv; (dialectal) kóv’e, køłv, kæłv, kałv, kvolv, kvøłv
Norwegian Bokmål: kolv
Elfdalian: kuov
Old Swedish: kolver
Swedish: kolv (dialectal)
Danish: kolv (dialectal)

Unclear; often compared to Latin globus and Latvian glēba, which are possibly from Proto-Indo-European *gel- (“to form into a ball”).


wastijō

wastijō (nominative singular)
wastijôz (nominative plural)
wastijō (singular vocative)
wastijôz (plural vocative)
wastijǭ (accusative singular)
wastijōz (accusative plural)
wastijōz (genitive singular)
wastijǫ̂ (genitive plural)
wastijōi (dative singular)
wastijōmaz (dative plural)
wastijō (instrumental singular)
wastijōmiz (instrumental plural)

Proto-West Germanic: *wastiju, *wasti

Old English: *wæste, *wæst

⇒ Old English: wæstling

Old Saxon: *westia, *west, *westara

Middle Low German: wester

Old Dutch: *westa, *west, *westara

Middle Dutch: wester

⇒ Middle Dutch: westercleet

desc

Old High German: *westa, *west, *westara

Middle High German: wester

German: Wester

⇒ Old High German: westarwāt

⇒ Old High German: westibarn

→ Old French: *gueste

Middle French: guestes, guiestres (plural)

French: guêtre

→ English: gaiter

gl

alternatively from Proto-Germanic <i class="Latn mention" lang="gem-pro">*wastiz</i>

Gothic: 𐍅𐌰𐍃𐍄𐌹 (wasti) (alternatively from Proto-Germanic *wastiz)

From Proto-Indo-European *wes- (“to dress, put on clothes”). The form *wastiz comes directly from Proto-Indo-European *wéstis (“clothing”).


þadrê

Old English: þæder, þider

Middle English: thider

English: thither (archaic)

Old Norse: þaðra

Icelandic: þaðra

Faroese: hagar


hwadrê

desctree

Old English: hwæder, hwider, hweder
Middle English: whider
English: whither (archaic)
Yola: fidi, vidy, vidie

Old Norse: *hvaðra

Faroese: hvagar

Gothic: 𐍈𐌰𐌳𐍂𐌴 (ƕadrē)

/ˈxʷɑ.ðrɛːː/

From Proto-Germanic *hwi-, from a form of Proto-Indo-European *kʷos, stem of relative and interrogative pronouns, see also *hwō.


ridjô

gem-decl-noun-table

*ridjô (an-stem)

ridjô (nominative singular)
ridjaniz (nominative plural)
ridjô (singular vocative)
ridjaniz (plural vocative)
ridjanų (accusative singular)
ridjanunz (accusative plural)
ridiniz (genitive singular)
ridjanǫ̂ (genitive plural)
ridini (dative singular)
ridjammaz (dative plural)
ridinē (instrumental singular)
ridjammiz (instrumental plural)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *riddjō
Old English: ridda
Old High German: ritto

Old Norse: -riði (in compounds)


raskutjaną

raskutjō (active first-person indicative singular)
raskutjaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
raskutjai (first-person indicative passive singular)
raskutisi (active indicative second-person singular)
raskutjais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
raskuti (active imperative second-person singular)
raskutjasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
raskutjaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
raskutiþi (active indicative singular third-person)
raskutjai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
raskutjaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
raskutjaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
raskutjaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
raskutjōs (active dual first-person indicative)
raskutjaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
raskutjaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
raskutjaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
raskutjaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
raskutjamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
raskutjaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
raskutjanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
raskutjainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
raskutiþ (active indicative plural second-person)
raskutjaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
raskutiþ (active imperative plural second-person)
raskutjanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
raskutjainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
raskutjanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
raskutjain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
raskutjanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
raskutjanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
raskutjainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
raskutidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
raskutidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
raskutidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
raskutidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
raskutidē (active indicative singular third-person)
raskutidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
raskutidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
raskutidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
raskutidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
raskutidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
raskutidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
raskutidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
raskutidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
raskutidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
raskutidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
raskutidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
raskutjandz (active participle present)
raskutidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *raskuttjan

Old English: ræsċettan, ræsċetan
Middle English: resheten, reschten

Old Saxon: raskitōn

Old High German: raskezzen

Old Norse: ræsta

Icelandic: ræsta


karzōną

karzō (active first-person indicative singular)
karzǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
karzōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
karzōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
karzōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
karzō (active imperative second-person singular)
karzōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
karzōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
karzōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
karzō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
karzōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
karzōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
karzōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
karzōs (active dual first-person indicative)
karzōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
karzōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
karzōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
karzōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
karzōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
karzōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
karzōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
karzōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
karzōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
karzōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
karzōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
karzōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
karzōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
karzōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
karzōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
karzōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
karzōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
karzōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
karzōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
karzōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
karzōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
karzōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
karzōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
karzōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
karzōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
karzōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
karzōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
karzōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
karzōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
karzōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
karzōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
karzōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
karzōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
karzōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
karzōndz (active participle present)
karzōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *karʀōn
Old Saxon: karrōn
Middle Low German: karren
Old Dutch: *carron
Middle Dutch: carren, kerren (likely merged with the descendant of *kerzaną)
Dutch: karren, kerren
Old High German: karrōn
Middle High German: karren

Old Norse: *karra

Icelandic: karra

An o-grade formation closely related to to the strong verb *kerzaną and iterative verb *kurzōną.


kurzōną

kurzō (active first-person indicative singular)
kurzǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
kurzōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
kurzōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
kurzōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
kurzō (active imperative second-person singular)
kurzōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
kurzōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
kurzōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
kurzō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
kurzōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
kurzōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
kurzōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
kurzōs (active dual first-person indicative)
kurzōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
kurzōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
kurzōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
kurzōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
kurzōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
kurzōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
kurzōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
kurzōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
kurzōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
kurzōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
kurzōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
kurzōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
kurzōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
kurzōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
kurzōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
kurzōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
kurzōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
kurzōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
kurzōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
kurzōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
kurzōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
kurzōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
kurzōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
kurzōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
kurzōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
kurzōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
kurzōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
kurzōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
kurzōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
kurzōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
kurzōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
kurzōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
kurzōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
kurzōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
kurzōndz (active participle present)
kurzōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *kurʀōn
Old Saxon: *kurrōn
Middle Low German: kurren, korren
Old Dutch: *corron
Middle Dutch: corren, curren
Dutch: korren
Old High German: *kurrōn
Middle High German: kurren
German: kurren

Old Norse: kurra

Icelandic: korra

Norwegian:

Norwegian Bokmål: kurre

Norwegian Nynorsk: kurre, kurra

Elfdalian: kurra

Swedish: kurra, korra

Danish: kurre

From Pre-Germanic *grs-néh₂-ti an iterative verb closely related to the strong verb *kerzaną.


snēkô

snēkô (nominative singular)
snēkaniz (nominative plural)
snēkô (singular vocative)
snēkaniz (plural vocative)
snēkanų (accusative singular)
snēkanunz (accusative plural)
snēkiniz (genitive singular)
snēkanǫ̂ (genitive plural)
snēkini (dative singular)
snēkammaz (dative plural)
snēkinē (instrumental singular)
snēkammiz (instrumental plural)

Proto-West Germanic: *snākō
Old High German: *snāko (“gnat”)
Middle High German: snāke
German: Schnake
Hunsrik: Schnok

Old Norse: snákr, snókr
Icelandic: snákur, snókur
Faroese: snákur
Norwegian: snok
Norwegian: snäk (dialectal)
Elfdalian: snųok
Old Swedish: snōker
Swedish: snok
Danish: snog
Gutnish: snok

From a vṛddhi derivative of *sneganą (“to crawl, sneak”) + *-ô (agent suffix). Kroonen suggests an original *snēgô ~ *snakkaz paradigm, making Proto-West Germanic *snakō a parallel formation.


jumjaz

jumjaz (nominative singular)
jumjōz (nominative plural)
jumjōs (nominative plural)
jumi (singular vocative)
jumjōz (plural vocative)
jumjōs (plural vocative)
jumją (accusative singular)
jumjanz (accusative plural)
jumjas (genitive singular)
jumis (genitive singular)
jumjǫ̂ (genitive plural)
jumjai (dative singular)
jumjamaz (dative plural)
jumjō (instrumental singular)
jumjamiz (instrumental plural)

Old Norse: Ymir

From Proto-Indo-European *ym̥H-yo-, from Proto-Indo-European *yemH-


duppaz

duppaz (nominative singular)
duppōz (nominative plural)
duppōs (nominative plural)
dupp (singular vocative)
duppōz (plural vocative)
duppōs (plural vocative)
duppą (accusative singular)
duppanz (accusative plural)
duppas (genitive singular)
duppis (genitive singular)
duppǫ̂ (genitive plural)
duppai (dative singular)
duppamaz (dative plural)
duppō (instrumental singular)
duppamiz (instrumental plural)

Proto-West Germanic: *dupp, *dopp

Old Frisian: *dopp, *dop

Saterland Frisian: Dop

West Frisian: dop

⇒ West Frisian: dopke

Old Saxon: *dopp, *dop

Middle Low German: dopp, doppe, duppe

German Low German: Doppe, Dopp

→ Old Norse: doppa

⇒ Old Norse: doparr

⇒ Old Saxon: *duppīn

desc

Middle Low German: düppen, düppe, doppe n

Old Dutch: *dupp, *dopp

Middle Dutch: dup, doppe

Dutch: dop

→ English: dop

Limburgish: döppes, duppe

Old High German: *tupf, *topf

Middle High German: topf

German: Topf

⇒ Old High German: *tupfīn

Middle High German: tupfen m or n

German: Tüpfen, Töpfen

→ Proto-Finnic: *tuppi (see there for further descendants)

→ Proto-Samic: *toppë (see there for further descendants)

From earlier *dubná-, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰewb- (“deep, hollow”).


sneganą

snegō (active first-person indicative singular)
snegaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
snegai (first-person indicative passive singular)
snigizi (active indicative second-person singular)
snegaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
sneg (active imperative second-person singular)
snegazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
snegaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
snigidi (active indicative singular third-person)
snegai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
snegadau (active imperative singular third-person)
snegadai (indicative passive singular third-person)
snegaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
snegōz (active dual first-person indicative)
snegaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
snegadiz (active dual indicative second-person)
snegaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
snegadiz (active dual imperative second-person)
snegamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
snegaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
snegandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
snegaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
snigid (active indicative plural second-person)
snegaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
snigid (active imperative plural second-person)
snegandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
snegaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
snegandi (active indicative plural third-person)
snegain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
snegandau (active imperative plural third-person)
snegandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
snegaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
snag (active first-person indicative singular)
snēgį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
snaht (active indicative second-person singular)
snēgīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
snag (active indicative singular third-person)
snēgī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
snēgū (active dual first-person indicative)
snēgīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
snēgudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
snēgīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
snēgum (active first-person indicative plural)
snēgīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
snēgud (active indicative plural second-person)
snēgīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
snēgun (active indicative plural third-person)
snēgīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
snegandz (active participle present)
sneganaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Unknown; often cited as being related to Sanskrit नाग (nāgá, “snake”), however the Sanskrit requires Proto-Indo-European *(s)neg-, whilst the Germanic demands aspirated *snegʰ-. A connection to *snīkaną (“to crawl, creep”), is very tempting but difficult to reconcile morphologically.

snagōn

*snakkōną, *snagōną; Proto-West Germanic


Alamanniz

Alamanniz (nominative singular)
Alamannīz (nominative plural)
Alamanni (singular vocative)
Alamannīz (plural vocative)
Alamanninz (accusative plural)
Alamannīz (genitive singular)
Alamannimaz (dative plural)
Alamannimiz (instrumental plural)


twiskaz

twiskaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
twiskai (masculine nominative plural strong)
twiskō (feminine nominative singular strong)
twiskôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
twiską (neuter nominative singular strong)
-at (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
twiskō (neuter nominative plural strong)
twiskanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
twiskanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
twiskǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
twiskōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
twiską (accusative neuter singular strong)
-at (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
twiskō (accusative neuter plural strong)
twiskas (genitive masculine singular strong)
twiskis (genitive masculine singular strong)
twiskaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
twiskaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
twiskaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
twiskas (genitive neuter singular strong)
twiskis (genitive neuter singular strong)
twiskaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
twiskammai (dative masculine singular strong)
twiskaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
twiskaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
twiskaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
twiskammai (dative neuter singular strong)
twiskaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
twiskanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
twiskaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
twiskaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
twiskaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
twiskanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
twiskaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
twiskô (masculine nominative singular weak)
twiskaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
twiskǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
twiskōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
twiskô (neuter nominative singular weak)
twiskōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
twiskanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
twiskanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
twiskōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
twiskōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
twiskô (accusative neuter singular weak)
twiskōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
twiskiniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
twiskanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
twiskōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
twiskōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
twiskiniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
twiskanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
twiskini (dative masculine singular weak)
twiskammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
twiskōni (dative feminine singular weak)
twiskōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
twiskini (dative neuter singular weak)
twiskammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
twiskinē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
twiskammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
twiskōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
twiskōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
twiskinē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
twiskammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

Proto-West Germanic: *twisk(ī)

Old English: *twisċ, *twix

⇒ Old English: betwix, betwux, betweox

Middle English: bitwixe, bitwix

English: betwixt

Yola: betweesk, beteesh, beeteesh

Old Frisian: twisk, twiska

Saterland Frisian: twiske

West Frisian: tuske, tusken

⇒ Old Frisian: atwisk, atwiska

desc

⇒ Old Frisian: bitwisk, bitwiska, bitwiskum

Old Saxon: *twisk

Middle Low German: twisch, twischen

German Low German: tüsken

⇒ Old Saxon: undartwisk

Old High German: zwiski, zwisci

Middle High German: zwisc, zwisch

⇒ Old High German: zwiskēn

Middle High German: zwischen, zwischent

German: zwischen

From *twi- from Proto-Indo-European *dwi-.