skainijaną

skainijō (active first-person indicative singular)
skainijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
skainijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
skainīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
skainijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
skainī (active imperative second-person singular)
skainijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
skainijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
skainīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
skainijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
skainijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
skainijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
skainijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
skainijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
skainijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
skainijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
skainijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
skainijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
skainijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
skainijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
skainijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
skainijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
skainīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
skainijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
skainīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
skainijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
skainijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
skainijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
skainijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
skainijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
skainijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
skainijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
skainidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
skainidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
skainidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
skainidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
skainidē (active indicative singular third-person)
skainidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
skainidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
skainidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
skainidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
skainidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
skainidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
skainidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
skainidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
skainidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
skainidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
skainidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
skainijandz (active participle present)
skainidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *skainijan
Old English: sċǣnan
Old Frisian: skēnia
⇒ Old High German: irskeinen

Old Norse: skeina
Icelandic: skeina
Norwegian Nynorsk: skeina, skeine

Possibly from Proto-Indo-European *skey- (“to cut, split”), related to *skinō (“piece, shinbone”).


skainijaną

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *skainijan
Old English: sċǣnan
Middle English: shenen
English: sheen
Old Saxon: *skēnian
Middle Low German: schênen
Old Dutch: skēnen, *skeinen
Middle Dutch: scheinen
Old High German: skeinen
Middle High German: scheinen

Possibly from *skīnaną (“to shine”) + *-janą.


raitijaną

raitijō (active first-person indicative singular)
raitijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
raitijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
raitīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
raitijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
raitī (active imperative second-person singular)
raitijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
raitijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
raitīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
raitijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
raitijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
raitijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
raitijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
raitijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
raitijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
raitijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
raitijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
raitijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
raitijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
raitijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
raitijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
raitijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
raitīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
raitijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
raitīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
raitijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
raitijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
raitijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
raitijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
raitijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
raitijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
raitijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
raitidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
raitidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
raitidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
raitidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
raitidē (active indicative singular third-person)
raitidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
raitidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
raitidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
raitidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
raitidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
raitidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
raitidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
raitidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
raitidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
raitidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
raitidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
raitijandz (active participle present)
raitidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *raitijan

Old High German: reizen

Middle High German: reizen

German: reizen

Old Norse: reita
Icelandic: reita
Faroese: reita
Norwegian Nynorsk: reita, reite
Old Swedish: reta
Swedish: reta


sēlijaną

sēlijō (active first-person indicative singular)
sēlijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
sēlijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
sēlīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
sēlijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
sēlī (active imperative second-person singular)
sēlijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
sēlijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
sēlīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
sēlijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
sēlijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
sēlijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
sēlijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
sēlijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
sēlijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
sēlijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
sēlijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
sēlijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
sēlijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
sēlijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
sēlijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
sēlijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
sēlīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
sēlijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
sēlīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
sēlijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
sēlijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
sēlijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
sēlijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
sēlijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
sēlijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
sēlijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
sēlidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
sēlidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
sēlidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
sēlidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
sēlidē (active indicative singular third-person)
sēlidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
sēlidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
sēlidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
sēlidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
sēlidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
sēlidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
sēlidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
sēlidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
sēlidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
sēlidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
sēlidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
sēlijandz (active participle present)
sēlidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *sālijan
Old English: sǣlan

Old Norse: sæla

Icelandic: sæla

From *sēliz (“good, fortunate”) + *-janą.


duttijaną

duttijō (active first-person indicative singular)
duttijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
duttijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
duttīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
duttijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
duttī (active imperative second-person singular)
duttijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
duttijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
duttīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
duttijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
duttijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
duttijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
duttijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
duttijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
duttijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
duttijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
duttijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
duttijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
duttijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
duttijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
duttijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
duttijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
duttīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
duttijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
duttīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
duttijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
duttijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
duttijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
duttijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
duttijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
duttijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
duttijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
duttidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
duttidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
duttidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
duttidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
duttidē (active indicative singular third-person)
duttidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
duttidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
duttidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
duttidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
duttidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
duttidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
duttidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
duttidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
duttidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
duttidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
duttidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
duttijandz (active participle present)
duttidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *duttijan
Old English: dyttan
Middle English: ditten
English: dit

Old Norse: dytta

Icelandic: dytta

From *duttaz (“wisp, bundle, clod”) + *-janą.


drauzijaną

drauzijō (active first-person indicative singular)
drauzijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
drauzijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
drauzīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
drauzijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
drauzī (active imperative second-person singular)
drauzijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
drauzijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
drauzīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
drauzijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
drauzijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
drauzijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
drauzijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
drauzijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
drauzijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
drauzijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
drauzijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
drauzijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
drauzijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
drauzijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
drauzijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
drauzijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
drauzīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
drauzijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
drauzīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
drauzijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
drauzijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
drauzijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
drauzijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
drauzijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
drauzijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
drauzijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
drauzidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
drauzidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
drauzidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
drauzidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
drauzidē (active indicative singular third-person)
drauzidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
drauzidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
drauzidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
drauzidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
drauzidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
drauzidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
drauzidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
drauzidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
drauzidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
drauzidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
drauzidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
drauzijandz (active participle present)
drauzidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *drauʀijan
Old High German: trōren

>? Old Norse: dreyra

>? Icelandic: dreyra

Norwegian Bokmål: drysse

⇒ Gothic: 𐌲𐌰𐌳𐍂𐌰𐌿𐍃𐌾𐌰𐌽 (gadrausjan)


faþmijaną

faþmijō (active first-person indicative singular)
faþmijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
faþmijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
faþmīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
faþmijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
faþmī (active imperative second-person singular)
faþmijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
faþmijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
faþmīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
faþmijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
faþmijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
faþmijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
faþmijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
faþmijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
faþmijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
faþmijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
faþmijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
faþmijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
faþmijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
faþmijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
faþmijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
faþmijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
faþmīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
faþmijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
faþmīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
faþmijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
faþmijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
faþmijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
faþmijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
faþmijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
faþmijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
faþmijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
faþmidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
faþmidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
faþmidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
faþmidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
faþmidē (active indicative singular third-person)
faþmidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
faþmidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
faþmidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
faþmidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
faþmidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
faþmidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
faþmidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
faþmidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
faþmidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
faþmidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
faþmidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
faþmijandz (active participle present)
faþmidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *faþmijan
Old Saxon: *fethmian
Middle Low German: vedemen
Old Dutch: *fethmen
Middle Dutch: vedemen

Old Norse: feðma

Icelandic: feðma

Norwegian Nynorsk: femna

From *faþmaz (“fathom, outstretched arms”) + *-janą.

suffix

to fathom, to measure with outstretched arms


dunjaną

dunjō (active first-person indicative singular)
dunjaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
dunjai (first-person indicative passive singular)
dunisi (active indicative second-person singular)
dunjais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
duni (active imperative second-person singular)
dunjasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
dunjaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
duniþi (active indicative singular third-person)
dunjai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
dunjaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
dunjaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
dunjaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
dunjōs (active dual first-person indicative)
dunjaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
dunjaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
dunjaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
dunjaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
dunjamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
dunjaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
dunjanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
dunjainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
duniþ (active indicative plural second-person)
dunjaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
duniþ (active imperative plural second-person)
dunjanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
dunjainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
dunjanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
dunjain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
dunjanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
dunjanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
dunjainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
dunidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
dunidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
dunidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
dunidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
dunidē (active indicative singular third-person)
dunidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
dunidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
dunidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
dunidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
dunidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
dunidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
dunidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
dunidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
dunidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
dunidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
dunidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
dunjandz (active participle present)
dunidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *dunnjan
Old English: dynnan, dynian
Middle English: dynnen, denen, denie, donen, dunien, dunnyn, dynen
English: dun, din
Scots: dyn, din
Old Saxon: dunnian
Middle Low German: *dönnen, dȫnen
Old High German: *tunnen, *tunen
Middle High German: dunen, dünen
German: dünen (archaic)

Old Norse: dynja

Icelandic: dynja

Bokmål: dynje

Nynorsk: dynje, dynja


faþmōną

faþmō (active first-person indicative singular)
faþmǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
faþmōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
faþmōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
faþmōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
faþmō (active imperative second-person singular)
faþmōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
faþmōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
faþmōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
faþmō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
faþmōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
faþmōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
faþmōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
faþmōs (active dual first-person indicative)
faþmōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
faþmōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
faþmōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
faþmōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
faþmōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
faþmōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
faþmōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
faþmōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
faþmōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
faþmōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
faþmōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
faþmōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
faþmōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
faþmōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
faþmōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
faþmōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
faþmōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
faþmōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
faþmōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
faþmōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
faþmōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
faþmōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
faþmōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
faþmōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
faþmōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
faþmōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
faþmōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
faþmōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
faþmōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
faþmōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
faþmōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
faþmōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
faþmōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
faþmōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
faþmōndz (active participle present)
faþmōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *faþmōn
Old English: fæðmian
Middle English: fathmen, fadmen
English: fathom
Old Frisian: *fethmia
West Frisian: fiemje
Old Saxon: *fathmōn
Middle Low German: vādemen
Old Dutch: *fathmon
Middle Dutch: vādemen
Dutch: vademen
Old High German: fadamōn, fadumōn

Old Norse: faðma

Icelandic: faðma

Norwegian:

Bokmål: favne

Nynorsk: famne, famna

Swedish: famna

Danish: favne

/ˈɸɑθ.mɔː.nɑ̃/

From *faþmaz (“fathom, outstretched arms”) + *-ōną.


graupijaną

graupijō (active first-person indicative singular)
graupijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
graupijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
graupīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
graupijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
graupī (active imperative second-person singular)
graupijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
graupijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
graupīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
graupijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
graupijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
graupijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
graupijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
graupijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
graupijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
graupijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
graupijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
graupijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
graupijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
graupijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
graupijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
graupijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
graupīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
graupijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
graupīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
graupijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
graupijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
graupijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
graupijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
graupijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
graupijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
graupijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
graupidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
graupidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
graupidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
graupidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
graupidē (active indicative singular third-person)
graupidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
graupidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
graupidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
graupidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
graupidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
graupidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
graupidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
graupidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
graupidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
graupidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
graupidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
graupijandz (active participle present)
graupidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *graupijan
Old Saxon: *grōpian
Middle Low German: grȫpen, grōpen

Old Norse: greypa

Icelandic: greypa

Norwegian Nynorsk: grøypa

From *greupaną (“to cut up, grind”) + *-janą.


galdijaną

galdijō (active first-person indicative singular)
galdijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
galdijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
galdīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
galdijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
galdī (active imperative second-person singular)
galdijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
galdijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
galdīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
galdijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
galdijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
galdijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
galdijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
galdijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
galdijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
galdijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
galdijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
galdijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
galdijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
galdijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
galdijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
galdijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
galdīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
galdijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
galdīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
galdijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
galdijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
galdijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
galdijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
galdijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
galdijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
galdijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
galdidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
galdidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
galdidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
galdidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
galdidē (active indicative singular third-person)
galdidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
galdidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
galdidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
galdidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
galdidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
galdidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
galdidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
galdidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
galdidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
galdidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
galdidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
galdijandz (active participle present)
galdidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

>? Proto-West Germanic: *galtijan
Old Saxon: *geltian
Middle Low German: gelten
Old Dutch: *gelten
Middle Dutch: *gelten
Dutch: gelten
Old High German: *gelzen
Middle High German: gelzen
German: gelzen
 (unclear why West Germanic descendants have a 't')

Old Norse: gelda

Icelandic: gelda

Faroese: gelda

Danish: gilde

Swedish: gälda, gälla

→ Middle English: gelden

English: geld

Scots: geld

From *galdijaz (“barren, fruitless, castrated”) + *-janą (“factitive suffix”). Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *gʰel- (“to cut”).


spanjaną

spanjō (active first-person indicative singular)
spanjaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
spanjai (first-person indicative passive singular)
spanisi (active indicative second-person singular)
spanjais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
spani (active imperative second-person singular)
spanjasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
spanjaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
spaniþi (active indicative singular third-person)
spanjai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
spanjaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
spanjaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
spanjaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
spanjōs (active dual first-person indicative)
spanjaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
spanjaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
spanjaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
spanjaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
spanjamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
spanjaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
spanjanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
spanjainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
spaniþ (active indicative plural second-person)
spanjaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
spaniþ (active imperative plural second-person)
spanjanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
spanjainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
spanjanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
spanjain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
spanjanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
spanjanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
spanjainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
spanidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
spanidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
spanidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
spanidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
spanidē (active indicative singular third-person)
spanidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
spanidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
spanidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
spanidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
spanidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
spanidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
spanidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
spanidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
spanidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
spanidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
spanidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
spanjandz (active participle present)
spanidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *spannjan

Old English: *spennan

Old High German: spennen

Old Norse: spenja

Icelandic: spenja


spanjaną

desc

Proto-West Germanic: *spannjan, *spinnjan, *spunnjan

Old Saxon: spennian

Middle Low German: spennen, spannen, spenen, spēnen

Old Dutch: *spennen

Middle Dutch: spennen, spenen

Dutch: spenen

→ Middle English: *spenen

English: spean

Scots: spean

→ Old French: espanir

Middle French: espanir, aspanir (“to wean, deprive”)

Picard: épanir; épénir (Rouchi)

Walloon: spani

Old High German: *spennen

Middle High German: *spennen, spenen

German: spänen (dialectal)

⇒ Middle High German: *abespennen, abespenen

⇒ Old High German: bispennen

Middle High German: *bespennen, bespenen

⇒ Old High German: intspennen, inspennen

Middle High German: entspennen, entspenen


huldijaną

huldijō (active first-person indicative singular)
huldijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
huldijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
huldīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
huldijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
huldī (active imperative second-person singular)
huldijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
huldijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
huldīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
huldijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
huldijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
huldijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
huldijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
huldijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
huldijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
huldijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
huldijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
huldijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
huldijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
huldijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
huldijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
huldijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
huldīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
huldijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
huldīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
huldijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
huldijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
huldijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
huldijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
huldijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
huldijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
huldijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
huldidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
huldidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
huldidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
huldidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
huldidē (active indicative singular third-person)
huldidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
huldidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
huldidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
huldidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
huldidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
huldidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
huldidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
huldidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
huldidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
huldidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
huldidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
huldijandz (active participle present)
huldidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *huldijan
Old English: hyldan
Middle English: hilden, hylden, hulden

Old Norse: hylda

Icelandic: hylda


glōdijaną

glōdijō (active first-person indicative singular)
glōdijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
glōdijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
glōdīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
glōdijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
glōdī (active imperative second-person singular)
glōdijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
glōdijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
glōdīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
glōdijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
glōdijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
glōdijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
glōdijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
glōdijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
glōdijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
glōdijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
glōdijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
glōdijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
glōdijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
glōdijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
glōdijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
glōdijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
glōdīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
glōdijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
glōdīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
glōdijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
glōdijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
glōdijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
glōdijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
glōdijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
glōdijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
glōdijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
glōdidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
glōdidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
glōdidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
glōdidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
glōdidē (active indicative singular third-person)
glōdidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
glōdidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
glōdidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
glōdidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
glōdidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
glōdidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
glōdidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
glōdidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
glōdidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
glōdidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
glōdidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
glōdijandz (active participle present)
glōdidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

⇒ Proto-West Germanic: *gaglōdijan

Old English: geglēdan

Old Norse: glœða

Icelandic: glæða

Norwegian:

Bokmål: gløde

Nynorsk: gløde, gløda

Swedish: glöde

Danish: gløde


framaþjaną

framaþjō (active first-person indicative singular)
framaþjaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
framaþjai (first-person indicative passive singular)
framaþisi (active indicative second-person singular)
framaþjais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
framaþi (active imperative second-person singular)
framaþjasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
framaþjaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
framaþiþi (active indicative singular third-person)
framaþjai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
framaþjaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
framaþjaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
framaþjaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
framaþjōs (active dual first-person indicative)
framaþjaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
framaþjaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
framaþjaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
framaþjaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
framaþjamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
framaþjaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
framaþjanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
framaþjainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
framaþiþ (active indicative plural second-person)
framaþjaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
framaþiþ (active imperative plural second-person)
framaþjanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
framaþjainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
framaþjanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
framaþjain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
framaþjanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
framaþjanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
framaþjainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
framaþidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
framaþidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
framaþidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
framaþidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
framaþidē (active indicative singular third-person)
framaþidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
framaþidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
framaþidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
framaþidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
framaþidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
framaþidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
framaþidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
framaþidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
framaþidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
framaþidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
framaþidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
framaþjandz (active participle present)
framaþidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *framiþijan
Old Dutch: *fremithen
Middle Dutch: vremden, vrēemden, vrēmeden
Dutch: vreemden (obsolete)
Old High German: fremiden
Middle High German: fremeden

Gothic: 𐍆𐍂𐌰𐌼𐌰𐌸𐌾𐌰𐌽 (framaþjan)

From *framaþiz (“foreign, alien, strange”) + *-janą.


hristijaną

hristijō (active first-person indicative singular)
hristijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
hristijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
hristīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
hristijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
hristī (active imperative second-person singular)
hristijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
hristijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
hristīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
hristijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
hristijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
hristijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
hristijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
hristijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
hristijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
hristijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
hristijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
hristijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
hristijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
hristijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
hristijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
hristijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
hristīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
hristijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
hristīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
hristijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
hristijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
hristijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
hristijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
hristijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
hristijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
hristijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
hristidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
hristidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
hristidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
hristidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
hristidē (active indicative singular third-person)
hristidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
hristidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
hristidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
hristidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
hristidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
hristidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
hristidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
hristidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
hristidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
hristidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
hristidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
hristijandz (active participle present)
hristidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *hristijan

Old Saxon: *hristian

Middle Low German: risten

Old Dutch: *risten

Middle Dutch: risten

Dutch: risten

Old Norse: hrista

Icelandic: hrista


laihnijaną

laihnijō (active first-person indicative singular)
laihnijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
laihnijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
laihnīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
laihnijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
laihnī (active imperative second-person singular)
laihnijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
laihnijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
laihnīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
laihnijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
laihnijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
laihnijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
laihnijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
laihnijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
laihnijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
laihnijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
laihnijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
laihnijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
laihnijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
laihnijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
laihnijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
laihnijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
laihnīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
laihnijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
laihnīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
laihnijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
laihnijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
laihnijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
laihnijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
laihnijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
laihnijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
laihnijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
laihnidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
laihnidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
laihnidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
laihnidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
laihnidē (active indicative singular third-person)
laihnidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
laihnidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
laihnidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
laihnidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
laihnidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
laihnidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
laihnidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
laihnidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
laihnidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
laihnidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
laihnidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
laihnijandz (active participle present)
laihnidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *laihnijan
Old English: lǣnan
Middle English: lænen, lenen
English: len, lend
Scots: len, lend
Old Frisian: lēna
Saterland Frisian: leene, leende
West Frisian: liene
Old Saxon: *lēhnian (or from *laihnōn)
Middle Low German: lêhenen, lêenen, lehnen, lênen, leinen, leynen
German Low German: lehnen
Old Dutch: *lēnen (or from *laihnōn)
Middle Dutch: lênen
Dutch: lenen
Limburgish: liëne
Old High German: *lēhennen
⇒ Old High German: antlēhennen

Old Norse: léna

Icelandic: léna

Old Swedish: læna

Swedish: läna


bruzdijaną

bruzdijō (active first-person indicative singular)
bruzdijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
bruzdijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
bruzdīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
bruzdijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
bruzdī (active imperative second-person singular)
bruzdijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
bruzdijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
bruzdīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
bruzdijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
bruzdijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
bruzdijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
bruzdijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
bruzdijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
bruzdijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
bruzdijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
bruzdijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
bruzdijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
bruzdijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
bruzdijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
bruzdijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
bruzdijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
bruzdīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
bruzdijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
bruzdīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
bruzdijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
bruzdijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
bruzdijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
bruzdijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
bruzdijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
bruzdijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
bruzdijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
bruzdidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
bruzdidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
bruzdidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
bruzdidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
bruzdidē (active indicative singular third-person)
bruzdidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
bruzdidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
bruzdidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
bruzdidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
bruzdidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
bruzdidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
bruzdidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
bruzdidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
bruzdidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
bruzdidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
bruzdidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
bruzdijandz (active participle present)
bruzdidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *bruʀdijan
Old English: bryrdan
Old High German: *brurten
⇒ Old High German: anabrurten
⇒ Old High German: entibrurten
⇒ Old High German: gientibrurten

Old Norse: brydda

Icelandic: brydda

From *bruzdaz (“point, spike, thorn”) + *-janą.


þehslō

þehslō (nominative singular)
þehslôz (nominative plural)
þehslō (singular vocative)
þehslôz (plural vocative)
þehslǭ (accusative singular)
þehslōz (accusative plural)
þehslōz (genitive singular)
þehslǫ̂ (genitive plural)
þehslōi (dative singular)
þehslōmaz (dative plural)
þehslō (instrumental singular)
þehslōmiz (instrumental plural)

Proto-West Germanic: *þēhslu

Old Saxon: thehsla, *thēhsla

desc

Middle Low German: dēsele, dessel, deissel

Old Dutch: *thēhsala

Middle Dutch: diessel, diechsel

Dutch: dissel

Old High German: dēhsala

Middle High German: dëhsel

German: Dechsel

→ Swedish: däxel

Old Norse: þexla

Icelandic: þexla

Norwegian: teksla

Swedish: täxla

From Proto-Indo-European *tetḱ-ló-s, or *tétḱ-dʰlo-m, with cluster simplification, both from *tetḱ- (“to cut, hew; to create”). Cognate with Old Irish tál (“adze”), Proto-Slavic *tesla (“adze”).


kaldijǭ

kaldijǭ (nominative singular)
kaldijōniz (nominative plural)
kaldijǭ (singular vocative)
kaldijōniz (plural vocative)
kaldijōnų (accusative singular)
kaldijōnunz (accusative plural)
kaldijōniz (genitive singular)
kaldijōnǫ̂ (genitive plural)
kaldijōni (dative singular)
kaldijōmaz (dative plural)
kaldijōnē (instrumental singular)
kaldijōmiz (instrumental plural)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *kaldijā
Old English: ċelde, ċelde

Old Norse: kelda
Icelandic: kelda
Faroese: kelda
Norwegian: kjelde
Swedish: källa
Danish: kilde
→ Norwegian Bokmål: kilde

→ Southern Sami: gaaltije

→ Finnish: kaltio

From *kaldaz (“cold”) + *-jǭ. Related to Proto-Slavic *koldędzь (probably borrowed from Germanic), *koldьcь, *koldenьcь (“well”).


frēgō

frēgō (nominative singular)
frēgôz (nominative plural)
frēgō (singular vocative)
frēgôz (plural vocative)
frēgǭ (accusative singular)
frēgōz (accusative plural)
frēgōz (genitive singular)
frēgǫ̂ (genitive plural)
frēgōi (dative singular)
frēgōmaz (dative plural)
frēgō (instrumental singular)
frēgōmiz (instrumental plural)

Proto-West Germanic: *frāgu
Old Frisian: frēge
Saterland Frisian: Fräige
Old Saxon: *frāga
Middle Low German: vrâge
→ Saterland Frisian: Froage
→ Swedish: fråga
Old Dutch: *frāga
Middle Dutch: vrâge
Dutch: vraag
Afrikaans: vraag
Negerhollands: vraag
Old High German: frāga
Middle High German: vrāge
Bavarian: Fråg
German: Frage
→ Yiddish: פֿראַגע (frage)
Hunsrik: Froh
Luxembourgish: Fro
Vilamovian: frög


meldǭ

meldǭ (nominative singular)
meldōniz (nominative plural)
meldǭ (singular vocative)
meldōniz (plural vocative)
meldōnų (accusative singular)
meldōnunz (accusative plural)
meldōniz (genitive singular)
meldōnǫ̂ (genitive plural)
meldōni (dative singular)
meldōmaz (dative plural)
meldōnē (instrumental singular)
meldōmiz (instrumental plural)

Proto-West Germanic: *meldā
Old English: melde
Middle English: mielde
Scots: milds, miles, myles
English: milds, miles, myles (dialectal Northern English)
Old Dutch: *melda
Middle Dutch: melde
Dutch: melde, milde
Old Saxon: maldia
Middle Low German: melde
Old High German: melta, melda, malta, multa
Middle High German: melte, melde
German: Melde, Melte, Melle, Malde, Malte, Milte, Milde, Molde, Mölde
→ Medieval Latin: melta

Old Norse: *mjaldi

Old Danish: melde, meld

Danish: mælde, mæld

Norwegian Bokmål: melde

Norwegian Nynorsk: melde

Old Swedish: molda, molla, mœld, mœldyrt

Swedish: målla, mäll, mäld, mäldyrt

→ Proto-Finnic: *malcca (see there for further descendants)

Put to Proto-Indo-European *melh₂- because of the mealy texture of its leaves. Compare the meaning range of the descendants of Old Norse mjǫll which is from the same root, Icelandic mjöll (“fresh snow”), Norwegian mjell, mjøll (“light, dry snow”), Swedish mjäll (“dandruff”), Danish mæld, mjæld (“fluff on corollae”). But note Proto-Slavic *lebeda of the same meaning range, and also Ancient Greek βλίτον (blíton, “purple amaranth; orache”); both are of unknown origin.

cog

a plant of the genus Chenopodium, goosefoot

a plant of the genus Atriplex, orache, saltbush


kundijaną

kundijō (active first-person indicative singular)
kundijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
kundijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
kundīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
kundijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
kundī (active imperative second-person singular)
kundijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
kundijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
kundīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
kundijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
kundijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
kundijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
kundijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
kundijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
kundijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
kundijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
kundijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
kundijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
kundijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
kundijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
kundijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
kundijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
kundīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
kundijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
kundīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
kundijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
kundijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
kundijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
kundijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
kundijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
kundijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
kundijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
kundidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
kundidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
kundidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
kundidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
kundidē (active indicative singular third-person)
kundidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
kundidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
kundidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
kundidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
kundidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
kundidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
kundidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
kundidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
kundidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
kundidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
kundidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
kundijandz (active participle present)
kundidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *kundijan

Old High German: *kunden

Middle High German: künden, künten

Old Norse: kynda

Icelandic: kynda

Faroese: kynda

→ Middle English: kinden

⇒ English: kindle

From Proto-Indo-European *(s)kand- (“to shine, glow”).


klambrijaną

klambrijō (active first-person indicative singular)
klambrijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
klambrijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
klambrīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
klambrijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
klambrī (active imperative second-person singular)
klambrijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
klambrijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
klambrīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
klambrijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
klambrijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
klambrijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
klambrijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
klambrijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
klambrijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
klambrijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
klambrijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
klambrijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
klambrijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
klambrijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
klambrijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
klambrijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
klambrīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
klambrijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
klambrīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
klambrijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
klambrijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
klambrijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
klambrijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
klambrijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
klambrijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
klambrijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
klambridǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
klambridēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
klambridēz (active indicative second-person singular)
klambridēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
klambridē (active indicative singular third-person)
klambridēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
klambridēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
klambridēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
klambridēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
klambridēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
klambridēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
klambridēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
klambridēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
klambridēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
klambridēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
klambridēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
klambrijandz (active participle present)
klambridaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *klambrijan
Old Dutch: *klemberen
Middle Dutch: *klemmeren
Dutch: klemmeren
Old High German: *klembren
Middle High German: klemberen

Old Norse: klembra

Icelandic: klembra

From *klambrō (“smith's vice, bracket”) + *-janą.


spangijaną

spangijō (active first-person indicative singular)
spangijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
spangijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
spangīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
spangijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
spangī (active imperative second-person singular)
spangijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
spangijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
spangīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
spangijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
spangijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
spangijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
spangijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
spangijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
spangijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
spangijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
spangijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
spangijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
spangijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
spangijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
spangijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
spangijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
spangīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
spangijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
spangīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
spangijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
spangijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
spangijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
spangijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
spangijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
spangijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
spangijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
spangidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
spangidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
spangidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
spangidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
spangidē (active indicative singular third-person)
spangidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
spangidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
spangidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
spangidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
spangidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
spangidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
spangidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
spangidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
spangidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
spangidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
spangidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
spangijandz (active participle present)
spangidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *spangijan
Old Saxon: *spengian
Middle Low German: spengen
Old Dutch: *spengen
Middle Dutch: spengen
Old High German: *spengen
Middle High German: spengen

Old Norse: spengja

Icelandic: spengja

From *spangǭ (“spangle, clasp, fastening”) + *-janą.


sputtijaną

sputtijō (active first-person indicative singular)
sputtijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
sputtijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
sputtīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
sputtijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
sputtī (active imperative second-person singular)
sputtijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
sputtijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
sputtīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
sputtijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
sputtijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
sputtijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
sputtijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
sputtijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
sputtijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
sputtijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
sputtijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
sputtijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
sputtijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
sputtijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
sputtijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
sputtijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
sputtīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
sputtijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
sputtīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
sputtijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
sputtijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
sputtijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
sputtijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
sputtijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
sputtijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
sputtijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
sputtidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
sputtidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
sputtidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
sputtidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
sputtidē (active indicative singular third-person)
sputtidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
sputtidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
sputtidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
sputtidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
sputtidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
sputtidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
sputtidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
sputtidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
sputtidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
sputtidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
sputtidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
sputtijandz (active participle present)
sputtidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *sputtijan
Old English: spyttan, spittan
Middle English: spitten
English: spit
Scots: spit
Old Saxon: *sputtian
Middle Low German: spütten
⇒ German Low German: spüttern
→? Saterland Frisian: sputterje
Old Dutch: *sputten
Middle Dutch: *sputten
Dutch: sputten (dialectal)
⇒ Dutch: sputteren
→? West Frisian: spitterje, sputterje
Old High German: *spuzzen
Middle High German: *spützen
German: spützen (dialectal)

Old Norse: spytta

Norwegian Bokmål: spytte

Danish: spytte


laigǭ

laigǭ (nominative singular)
laigōniz (nominative plural)
laigǭ (singular vocative)
laigōniz (plural vocative)
laigōnų (accusative singular)
laigōnunz (accusative plural)
laigōniz (genitive singular)
laigōnǫ̂ (genitive plural)
laigōni (dative singular)
laigōmaz (dative plural)
laigōnē (instrumental singular)
laigōmiz (instrumental plural)

Old Norse: leiga

Icelandic: leiga

Norwegian: leie

Swedish: lega

Danish: leje

→ Proto-Samic: *lājkō (see there for further descendants)

→ Proto-Finnic: *laihvo (see there for further descendants)


laigijaną

laigijō (active first-person indicative singular)
laigijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
laigijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
laigīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
laigijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
laigī (active imperative second-person singular)
laigijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
laigijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
laigīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
laigijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
laigijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
laigijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
laigijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
laigijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
laigijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
laigijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
laigijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
laigijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
laigijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
laigijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
laigijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
laigijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
laigīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
laigijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
laigīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
laigijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
laigijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
laigijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
laigijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
laigijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
laigijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
laigijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
laigidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
laigidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
laigidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
laigidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
laigidē (active indicative singular third-person)
laigidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
laigidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
laigidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
laigidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
laigidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
laigidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
laigidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
laigidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
laigidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
laigidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
laigidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
laigijandz (active participle present)
laigidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Old Norse: leiga, leigja
Icelandic: leigja
Faroese: leiga
Norwegian Nynorsk: leiga
Old Swedish: lēghia, lēgha
Swedish: leja
Danish: leje
Norwegian Bokmål: leie
→ Northern Sami: luojkkat
→ Northern Sami: lájggit


sparrijaną

sparrijō (active first-person indicative singular)
sparrijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
sparrijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
sparrīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
sparrijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
sparrī (active imperative second-person singular)
sparrijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
sparrijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
sparrīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
sparrijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
sparrijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
sparrijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
sparrijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
sparrijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
sparrijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
sparrijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
sparrijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
sparrijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
sparrijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
sparrijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
sparrijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
sparrijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
sparrīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
sparrijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
sparrīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
sparrijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
sparrijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
sparrijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
sparrijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
sparrijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
sparrijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
sparrijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
sparridǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
sparridēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
sparridēz (active indicative second-person singular)
sparridēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
sparridē (active indicative singular third-person)
sparridēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
sparridēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
sparridēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
sparridēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
sparridēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
sparridēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
sparridēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
sparridēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
sparridēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
sparridēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
sparridēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
sparrijandz (active participle present)
sparridaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *sparrijan
>? Old English: sperran, spierran, spyrran
Middle English: sperren
Old Saxon: *sperrian
Middle Low German: sperren
German Low German: sperren
Old Dutch: *sperren
Middle Dutch: sperren
Dutch: sperren
Old High German: sperren
Middle High German: sperren
German: sperren

Old Norse: sperra

Icelandic: sperra

Norwegian Bokmål: sperre

Norwegian Nynorsk: sperre, sperra

Swedish: spärra

From *sparrô (“wooden beam, log”) + *-janą.


lapjaną

lapjō (active first-person indicative singular)
lapjaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
lapjai (first-person indicative passive singular)
lapisi (active indicative second-person singular)
lapjais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
lapi (active imperative second-person singular)
lapjasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
lapjaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
lapiþi (active indicative singular third-person)
lapjai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
lapjaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
lapjaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
lapjaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
lapjōs (active dual first-person indicative)
lapjaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
lapjaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
lapjaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
lapjaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
lapjamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
lapjaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
lapjanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
lapjainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
lapiþ (active indicative plural second-person)
lapjaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
lapiþ (active imperative plural second-person)
lapjanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
lapjainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
lapjanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
lapjain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
lapjanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
lapjanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
lapjainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
lapidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
lapidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
lapidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
lapidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
lapidē (active indicative singular third-person)
lapidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
lapidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
lapidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
lapidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
lapidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
lapidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
lapidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
lapidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
lapidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
lapidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
lapidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
lapjandz (active participle present)
lapidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

⇒ Proto-West Germanic: *galappjan

Old High German: gilepfen

Old Norse: lepja

Icelandic: lepja

From *lapaną (“to lick up, to lap”) + *-janą.


tēlijaną

tēlijō (active first-person indicative singular)
tēlijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
tēlijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
tēlīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
tēlijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
tēlī (active imperative second-person singular)
tēlijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
tēlijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
tēlīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
tēlijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
tēlijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
tēlijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
tēlijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
tēlijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
tēlijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
tēlijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
tēlijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
tēlijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
tēlijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
tēlijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
tēlijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
tēlijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
tēlīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
tēlijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
tēlīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
tēlijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
tēlijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
tēlijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
tēlijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
tēlijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
tēlijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
tēlijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
tēlidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
tēlidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
tēlidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
tēlidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
tēlidē (active indicative singular third-person)
tēlidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
tēlidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
tēlidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
tēlidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
tēlidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
tēlidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
tēlidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
tēlidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
tēlidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
tēlidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
tēlidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
tēlijandz (active participle present)
tēlidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *tālijan

Old English: tǣlan

Old Norse: tæla

Icelandic: tæla

From *tēlō (“blame, slander, plot”) + *-janą.


tangijaną

tangijō (active first-person indicative singular)
tangijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
tangijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
tangīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
tangijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
tangī (active imperative second-person singular)
tangijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
tangijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
tangīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
tangijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
tangijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
tangijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
tangijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
tangijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
tangijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
tangijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
tangijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
tangijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
tangijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
tangijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
tangijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
tangijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
tangīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
tangijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
tangīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
tangijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
tangijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
tangijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
tangijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
tangijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
tangijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
tangijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
tangidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
tangidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
tangidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
tangidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
tangidē (active indicative singular third-person)
tangidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
tangidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
tangidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
tangidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
tangidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
tangidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
tangidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
tangidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
tangidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
tangidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
tangidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
tangijandz (active participle present)
tangidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *tangijan
Old English: tengan
Old Saxon: *tengian
Middle Low German: tengen
Old High German: *tengen
Middle High German: tengen

Old Norse: tengja

Icelandic: tengja

Faroese: teingja

From *tangō (“tongs, pliers”) + *-janą or *tinganą (“to press”) + *-janą.


uppijaną

uppijō (active first-person indicative singular)
uppijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
uppijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
uppīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
uppijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
uppī (active imperative second-person singular)
uppijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
uppijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
uppīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
uppijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
uppijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
uppijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
uppijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
uppijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
uppijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
uppijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
uppijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
uppijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
uppijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
uppijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
uppijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
uppijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
uppīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
uppijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
uppīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
uppijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
uppijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
uppijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
uppijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
uppijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
uppijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
uppijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
uppidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
uppidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
uppidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
uppidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
uppidē (active indicative singular third-person)
uppidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
uppidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
uppidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
uppidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
uppidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
uppidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
uppidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
uppidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
uppidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
uppidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
uppidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
uppijandz (active participle present)
uppidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *uppijan, *ūpijan

Old English: yppan

Old High German: ūfan

Old High German: ūfen

Old Saxon: *uppian

Middle Low German: uppen

Old Norse: yppa
Icelandic: yppa
Faroese: yppa
Norwegian:
Bokmål: yppe
Nynorsk: yppe, yppa
Swedish: yppa
Danish: yppe

From *upp (“up, upwards”) + *-janą. Compare *upanōną.


wirdijaną

wirdijō (active first-person indicative singular)
wirdijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
wirdijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
wirdīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
wirdijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
wirdī (active imperative second-person singular)
wirdijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
wirdijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
wirdīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
wirdijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
wirdijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
wirdijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
wirdijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
wirdijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
wirdijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
wirdijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
wirdijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
wirdijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
wirdijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
wirdijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
wirdijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
wirdijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
wirdīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
wirdijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
wirdīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
wirdijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
wirdijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
wirdijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
wirdijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
wirdijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
wirdijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
wirdijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
wirdidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
wirdidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
wirdidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
wirdidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
wirdidē (active indicative singular third-person)
wirdidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
wirdidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
wirdidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
wirdidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
wirdidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
wirdidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
wirdidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
wirdidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
wirdidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
wirdidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
wirdidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
wirdijandz (active participle present)
wirdidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

⇒ Proto-West Germanic: *andawirdijan

Old High German: antwirten

desc

𐌲𐌰𐌲𐌰𐍅𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌸𐌾𐌰𐌽

⇒ Gothic: 𐌲𐌰𐌲𐌰𐍅𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌸𐌾𐌰𐌽 (gagawairþjan)

From *werdaz (“turned toward, forwards, outwards”) + *-janą, related to *wardaz.


wraistijaną

wraistijō (active first-person indicative singular)
wraistijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
wraistijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
wraistīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
wraistijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
wraistī (active imperative second-person singular)
wraistijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
wraistijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
wraistīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
wraistijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
wraistijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
wraistijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
wraistijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
wraistijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
wraistijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
wraistijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
wraistijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
wraistijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
wraistijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
wraistijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
wraistijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
wraistijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
wraistīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
wraistijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
wraistīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
wraistijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
wraistijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
wraistijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
wraistijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
wraistijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
wraistijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
wraistijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
wraistidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
wraistidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
wraistidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
wraistidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
wraistidē (active indicative singular third-person)
wraistidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
wraistidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
wraistidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
wraistidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
wraistidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
wraistidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
wraistidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
wraistidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
wraistidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
wraistidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
wraistidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
wraistijandz (active participle present)
wraistidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *wraistijan
Old English: wrǣstan
Middle English: wresten, wrasten, wræsten
English: wrest

Old Norse: reista, *vreista

Danish: vriste

Norwegian: vriste

From Proto-Indo-European *wrey- (“to turn; wrap; bind”), an extended form of *wer- (“to bend; turn”). Related to Proto-Germanic *wristuz.


turbijaną

turbijō (active first-person indicative singular)
turbijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
turbijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
turbīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
turbijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
turbī (active imperative second-person singular)
turbijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
turbijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
turbīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
turbijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
turbijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
turbijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
turbijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
turbijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
turbijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
turbijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
turbijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
turbijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
turbijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
turbijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
turbijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
turbijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
turbīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
turbijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
turbīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
turbijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
turbijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
turbijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
turbijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
turbijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
turbijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
turbijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
turbidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
turbidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
turbidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
turbidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
turbidē (active indicative singular third-person)
turbidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
turbidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
turbidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
turbidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
turbidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
turbidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
turbidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
turbidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
turbidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
turbidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
turbidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
turbijandz (active participle present)
turbidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *turbijan
Old English: *tyrfan
⇒ Old English: getyrfan
>? Middle English: tirven, terven, tyrven, tirfen
Old Dutch: *turven
Middle Dutch: turven, torven
Dutch: turven

Old Norse: tyrfa

Icelandic: tyrfa


taumijaną

taumijō (active first-person indicative singular)
taumijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
taumijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
taumīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
taumijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
taumī (active imperative second-person singular)
taumijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
taumijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
taumīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
taumijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
taumijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
taumijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
taumijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
taumijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
taumijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
taumijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
taumijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
taumijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
taumijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
taumijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
taumijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
taumijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
taumīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
taumijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
taumīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
taumijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
taumijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
taumijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
taumijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
taumijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
taumijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
taumijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
taumidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
taumidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
taumidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
taumidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
taumidē (active indicative singular third-person)
taumidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
taumidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
taumidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
taumidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
taumidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
taumidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
taumidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
taumidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
taumidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
taumidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
taumidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
taumijandz (active participle present)
taumidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *taumijan
Old English: tēman, tȳman, tīeman
Middle English: temen
English: teem
Old Frisian: *tēma
West Frisian: teamme, teamje
Old Saxon: *tōmian
Middle Low German: tomen, tö̂men
German Low German: tomen
Old Dutch: *tōmen
Middle Dutch: tômen
Dutch: tomen
Old High German: *zoumen
Middle High German: zöumen, zoumen
German: zäumen

Old Norse: teyma

Icelandic: teyma

Norwegian Nynorsk: tøyme

From *taumaz (“tie, leash, bridle”) + *-janą.


tappijaną

tappijō (active first-person indicative singular)
tappijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
tappijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
tappīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
tappijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
tappī (active imperative second-person singular)
tappijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
tappijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
tappīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
tappijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
tappijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
tappijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
tappijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
tappijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
tappijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
tappijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
tappijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
tappijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
tappijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
tappijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
tappijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
tappijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
tappīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
tappijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
tappīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
tappijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
tappijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
tappijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
tappijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
tappijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
tappijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
tappijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
tappidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
tappidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
tappidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
tappidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
tappidē (active indicative singular third-person)
tappidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
tappidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
tappidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
tappidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
tappidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
tappidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
tappidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
tappidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
tappidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
tappidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
tappidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
tappijandz (active participle present)
tappidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *tappijan

Old Saxon: *teppian

Middle Low German: teppen

Old Dutch: *teppen

Middle Dutch: teppen

→ Old French: tapir

Middle French: tapir

French: tapir

Old High German: *zepfen

Middle High German: zepfen

Old Norse: teppa

Icelandic: teppa

Faroese: teppa

Swedish: täppa