smaugijaną

smaugijō (active first-person indicative singular)
smaugijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
smaugijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
smaugīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
smaugijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
smaugī (active imperative second-person singular)
smaugijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
smaugijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
smaugīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
smaugijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
smaugijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
smaugijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
smaugijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
smaugijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
smaugijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
smaugijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
smaugijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
smaugijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
smaugijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
smaugijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
smaugijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
smaugijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
smaugīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
smaugijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
smaugīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
smaugijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
smaugijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
smaugijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
smaugijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
smaugijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
smaugijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
smaugijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
smaugidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
smaugidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
smaugidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
smaugidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
smaugidē (active indicative singular third-person)
smaugidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
smaugidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
smaugidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
smaugidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
smaugidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
smaugidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
smaugidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
smaugidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
smaugidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
smaugidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
smaugidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
smaugijandz (active participle present)
smaugidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *smaugijan
Old English: smēaġan
Middle English: smegen
Old High German: *smougen
Middle High German: smougen

Old Norse: smeygja

Icelandic: smeygja

Faroese: smoyggja

Old Swedish: smø̄ghia

Swedish: smöja

From *smeuganą (“to creep, slip”) + *-janą.


lōgą

lōgą (nominative singular)
lōgō (nominative plural)
lōgą (singular vocative)
lōgō (plural vocative)
lōgą (accusative singular)
lōgō (accusative plural)
lōgas (genitive singular)
lōgis (genitive singular)
lōgǫ̂ (genitive plural)
lōgai (dative singular)
lōgamaz (dative plural)
lōgō (instrumental singular)
lōgamiz (instrumental plural)

Proto-West Germanic: *lōg

Old English: lōh, lōg

Middle English: loȝ, loogh, lough

Old Frisian: lōch

Saterland Frisian: Louch, Loge, Loage

→ Middle Low German: lôg, lôch, loech

German Low German: Loog

Old High German: luog

Middle High German: luoc

German: Lug

Old Norse: lóg

Icelandic: lóg

From Proto-Indo-European *legʰ- (“to be situated, lie”).


nebulaz

nebulaz (nominative singular)
nebulōz (nominative plural)
nebulōs (nominative plural)
nebul (singular vocative)
nebulōz (plural vocative)
nebulōs (plural vocative)
nebulą (accusative singular)
nebulanz (accusative plural)
nebulas (genitive singular)
nebulis (genitive singular)
nebulǫ̂ (genitive plural)
nebulai (dative singular)
nebulamaz (dative plural)
nebulō (instrumental singular)
nebulamiz (instrumental plural)

Old English: nifol

Old Frisian: neval

Old Saxon: nebal, neval

Middle Low German: nēvel

Low German: neavel

Old Dutch: *neval

desctree

Middle Dutch: nēvel
Dutch: nevel
Limburgish: naevel

desc

Old High German: nebul, nibul, nepol, nebel

Middle High German: nebel

German: Nebel

Hunsrik: Newel

Luxembourgish: Niwwel

Vilamovian: naowuł

Yiddish: נעפּל (nepl)

Derived from Proto-Indo-European *nébʰos.


legrą

legrą (nominative singular)
legrō (nominative plural)
legrą (singular vocative)
legrō (plural vocative)
legrą (accusative singular)
legrō (accusative plural)
legras (genitive singular)
ligris (genitive singular)
legrǫ̂ (genitive plural)
ligrai (dative singular)
legramaz (dative plural)
legrō (instrumental singular)
legramiz (instrumental plural)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *legr
Old English: leġer
Middle English: leir, leire, lair, lare
English: lair
Scots: lair, lear, layer, lare
Old Frisian: legor, leger
Saterland Frisian: Leeger
West Frisian: leger
Old Saxon: legar
Middle Low German: lēger, lāger
German Low German: Lager
→ Estonian: leer
Old Dutch: *leger
Middle Dutch: lēger
Dutch: leger
Afrikaans: leër
→ English: leaguer
→ Sranan Tongo: legre
Old High German: legar
Middle High German: leger
German: Lager
→ Czech: lágr
→ Danish: lager
→ Dutch: lager
→ English: laager
→ English: lager
→ Estonian: laager
→ Norwegian:
Norwegian Bokmål: lager
Norwegian Nynorsk: lager
→ Romanian: lagăr
→ Russian: лагерь (lagerʹ)
→ Serbo-Croatian: lȏgor
→ Swedish: lager

Old Norse: legr

Norwegian Nynorsk: læger n, leger n

Old Swedish: lægher

Swedish: läger

→ Finnish: leiri

Danish: lejr c

Norwegian Bokmål: leir m

→ Norwegian Nynorsk: leir m

Gothic: 𐌻𐌹𐌲𐍂𐍃 m (ligrs) (< *legraz m)

A substantivization of *legraz, from Proto-Indo-European *legʰ- (“to be situated, lie”).


lepô

lepô (nominative singular)
lepaniz (nominative plural)
lepô (singular vocative)
lepaniz (plural vocative)
lepanų (accusative singular)
lepanunz (accusative plural)
lipiniz (genitive singular)
lepanǫ̂ (genitive plural)
lipini (dative singular)
lepammaz (dative plural)
lipinē (instrumental singular)
lepammiz (instrumental plural)

Proto-West Germanic: *lepō

⇒ Proto-West Germanic: *lepuʀ

⇒ Proto-West Germanic: *lippjō

Old Norse: *lepi

Norwegian: leppe

Old Swedish: læpi, lepe

Swedish: läpp

Old Danish: læpæ

Danish: læbe


rēsō

rēsō (nominative singular)
rēsôz (nominative plural)
rēsō (singular vocative)
rēsôz (plural vocative)
rēsǭ (accusative singular)
rēsōz (accusative plural)
rēsōz (genitive singular)
rēsǫ̂ (genitive plural)
rēsōi (dative singular)
rēsōmaz (dative plural)
rēsō (instrumental singular)
rēsōmiz (instrumental plural)

Proto-West Germanic: *rās m or n
Old English: rǣs m
Middle English: ræse, rese, resse, res
Scots: rese, res, reas, reace
Old Saxon: *rās
Middle Low German: râs n (“strong current”)
Old Dutch: *rās
>? Middle Dutch: ras (“maelstrom, vortex”)
>? Dutch: raes (“estuary”) (obsolete)

Old Norse: rás f
Faroese: rás
French: raz
Icelandic: rás
→ Middle English: ras, race (through merger with Middle English rees, res < Old English rǣs)
English: race
Scots: ras, rase, race
→ Danish: race, ræs
→ Dutch: race
→ Swedish: race, rejs
→ Norwegian: race, res

From Proto-Indo-European *h₁reh₁s- (“to flow, rush”).


rīkijadōmaz

rīkijadōmaz (nominative singular)
rīkijadōmōz (nominative plural)
rīkijadōmōs (nominative plural)
rīkijadōm (singular vocative)
rīkijadōmōz (plural vocative)
rīkijadōmōs (plural vocative)
rīkijadōmą (accusative singular)
rīkijadōmanz (accusative plural)
rīkijadōmas (genitive singular)
rīkijadōmis (genitive singular)
rīkijadōmǫ̂ (genitive plural)
rīkijadōmai (dative singular)
rīkijadōmamaz (dative plural)
rīkijadōmō (instrumental singular)
rīkijadōmamiz (instrumental plural)

desc

Proto-West Germanic: *rīkijadōm, *rīkīdōm

Old English: rīċedōm

Middle English: richedom

English: richdom

Old Frisian: rīkedōm

Saterland Frisian: Riekdum

West Frisian: rykdom

Old Saxon: rīkidōm, rīkdōm

Middle Low German: rîkedôm

German Low German: Riekdoom

Old Dutch: *rīkdōm, *rīktuom

Middle Dutch: rijcdoem, rijcdom

Dutch: rijkdom

Old High German: rīhhituom, rīhtuom

Middle High German: rīchtuom

German: Reichtum

Luxembourgish: Räichtum

Old Norse: ríkdómr

Icelandic: ríkdómur

Faroese: ríkdómur

Norwegian Nynorsk: rikdom

Old Swedish: rīkedōmber, rīkdōmber

Swedish: rikedom

Danish: rigdom

Norwegian Bokmål: rikdom


hazdaz

hazdaz (nominative singular)
hazdōz (nominative plural)
hazdōs (nominative plural)
hazd (singular vocative)
hazdōz (plural vocative)
hazdōs (plural vocative)
hazdą (accusative singular)
hazdanz (accusative plural)
hazdas (genitive singular)
hazdis (genitive singular)
hazdǫ̂ (genitive plural)
hazdai (dative singular)
hazdamaz (dative plural)
hazdō (instrumental singular)
hazdamiz (instrumental plural)

Old English: heord, hād (attested in bundenheord, wundenheord, heorþswǣpe (for *heordswǣpe), hādswāpe, etc.)

Old Norse: haddr

Icelandic: haddur

Swedish: hadd

→? Finnish: hahtu, hahtuva

→? Latin: Hasdingi

From Proto-Indo-European *kes- (“to card; comb”).


baugijaną

baugijō (active first-person indicative singular)
baugijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
baugijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
baugīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
baugijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
baugī (active imperative second-person singular)
baugijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
baugijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
baugīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
baugijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
baugijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
baugijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
baugijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
baugijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
baugijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
baugijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
baugijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
baugijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
baugijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
baugijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
baugijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
baugijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
baugīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
baugijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
baugīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
baugijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
baugijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
baugijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
baugijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
baugijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
baugijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
baugijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
baugidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
baugidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
baugidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
baugidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
baugidē (active indicative singular third-person)
baugidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
baugidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
baugidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
baugidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
baugidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
baugidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
baugidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
baugidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
baugidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
baugidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
baugidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
baugijandz (active participle present)
baugidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *baugijan
Old English: bīeġan, bīġan, bȳġan
Middle English: bēgen
English: bay, bebay
Old Frisian: bēia
North Frisian: boje
Saterland Frisian: beegje
West Frisian: bûgje
Old Saxon: bōgian
Middle Low German: bȫgen
Low German: bögen
Old Dutch: bōgen
Middle Dutch: bôgen
Old High German: bougen
Middle High German: bougen
German: beugen
Yiddish: בייגן (beygn)

Old Norse: beygja
Icelandic: beygja
Faroese: boyggja
Norwegian Nynorsk: bøygja, bøya
Old Swedish: bø̄ghia
Swedish: böja
Danish: bøje
Norwegian Bokmål: bøye

⇒ Gothic: 𐌿𐍃𐌱𐌰𐌿𐌲𐌾𐌰𐌽 (usbaugjan)

From *beuganą (“to bow, bend”) + *-janą.


rukkōną

rukkō (active first-person indicative singular)
rukkǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
rukkōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
rukkōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
rukkōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
rukkō (active imperative second-person singular)
rukkōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
rukkōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
rukkōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
rukkō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
rukkōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
rukkōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
rukkōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
rukkōs (active dual first-person indicative)
rukkōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
rukkōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
rukkōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
rukkōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
rukkōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
rukkōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
rukkōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
rukkōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
rukkōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
rukkōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
rukkōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
rukkōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
rukkōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
rukkōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
rukkōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
rukkōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
rukkōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
rukkōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
rukkōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
rukkōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
rukkōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
rukkōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
rukkōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
rukkōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
rukkōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
rukkōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
rukkōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
rukkōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
rukkōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
rukkōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
rukkōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
rukkōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
rukkōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
rukkōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
rukkōndz (active participle present)
rukkōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *rukkōn, *rokkōn

Old English: roccian

desc

Middle English: rokken, roggen, rucken, rocken (cf. also roggelen)

Scots: rok

English: rock, rog (obsolete, dialectal)

→ German: rocken

Old Frisian: *rukkia, *rokkia

Saterland Frisian: rukje, rukke

West Frisian: rokje, rukke, rokke

Old Dutch: *rukkon, *rokkon

Middle Dutch: rucken, rocken

Dutch: rokken, rukken

→ Old French: rocquer

Old High German: *rohhōn, *rochōn

Middle High German: rocken

Old Norse: *rukka, rugga

Icelandic: rukka, rugga

Faroese: rugga

Swedish: rucka

Danish: rokke

From Pre-Germanic *Hruknéh₂-, possibly from Proto-Indo-European *h₃rewk- (“to dig up”), from *Hrew-. Cognate with Latin runcō (“to weed”, verb).


rutāną

rutō (active first-person indicative singular)
rutaisi (active indicative second-person singular)
rutai (active imperative second-person singular)
rutāsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
rutaiþi (active indicative singular third-person)
rutāþau (active imperative singular third-person)
rutāþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
rutōs (active dual first-person indicative)
rutāþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
rutāþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
rutāmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
rutānþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
rutaiþ (active indicative plural second-person)
rutaiþ (active imperative plural second-person)
rutānþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
rutānþi (active indicative plural third-person)
rutānþau (active imperative plural third-person)
rutānþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
rutadǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
rutadēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
rutadēz (active indicative second-person singular)
rutadēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
rutadē (active indicative singular third-person)
rutadēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
rutadēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
rutadēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
rutadēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
rutadēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
rutadēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
rutadēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
rutadēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
rutadēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
rutadēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
rutadēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
rutāndz (active participle present)
rutadaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *rotēn
Old English: rotian
Middle English: roten, roote, rooton, rootye, rot, rote, roti, rotie, rotte, rotten, roty, rotye, rotyn; rotenn, rotien, rotiȝen (Early Middle English)
English: rot
Scots: rot
Yola: rothed, rothyed; rotheda (before consonant) (adj)
Old Frisian: rotia
Saterland Frisian: rootje
West Frisian: rotsje
Old Saxon: rotōn
Middle Low German: rōten
German Low German: rötten
→ German: rotten, verrotten
Old Dutch: *ruton, *ruten
Middle Dutch: rotten
Dutch: rotten
Old High German: rozēn, rozzēn
Middle High German: rōzen
German: rößen

Old Norse: rotinn; rotna

Icelandic: rotinn; rotna

Faroese: rotin; rotna

Old Swedish: rutin, rotin; rutna, rotna

Swedish: rutten; ruttna

Old Danish: rotin, raden; rotnæ

Danish: rådden; rådne

Elfdalian: rotin; rottn

Gutnish: ruten, rutn; rutna

Scanian: røden; rødna

→ Middle English: rotin, roten

Scots: rottin, rotten

English: rotten

From Proto-Indo-European *Hrewd- (“to tear; rend”).


fursaz

fursaz (nominative singular)
fursōz (nominative plural)
fursōs (nominative plural)
furs (singular vocative)
fursōz (plural vocative)
fursōs (plural vocative)
fursą (accusative singular)
fursanz (accusative plural)
fursas (genitive singular)
fursis (genitive singular)
fursǫ̂ (genitive plural)
fursai (dative singular)
fursamaz (dative plural)
fursō (instrumental singular)
fursamiz (instrumental plural)

desctree

Old Norse: fors, foss
Icelandic: fors, foss
→ English: foss
Faroese: fossur
Norn: fors
Norwegian: foss, fors
→ Danish: fos, >? fors
Norwegian Bokmål: foss
Old Swedish: fors
Swedish: fors
Middle Danish: fors
>? Danish: fors (influenced by Norwegian)
→ Middle English: fors, force
English: force (in the sense of a waterfall) (Northern England)
→ Middle Low German: vorsch

→ Proto-Finnic: *purha (see there for further descendants)

From Pre-Germanic *pŕ̥sos, from Proto-Indo-European *pers- (“to spray, splash”).


karmiz

karmiz (nominative singular)
karmīz (nominative plural)
karmi (singular vocative)
karmīz (plural vocative)
karmį (accusative singular)
karminz (accusative plural)
karmīz (genitive singular)
karmijǫ̂ (genitive plural)
karmī (dative singular)
karmimaz (dative plural)
karmī (instrumental singular)
karmimiz (instrumental plural)

Proto-West Germanic: *karmi, *karm

Old English: ċierm (< *karmiz); ċearm (< *karmaz)

desctree

Middle English: chirm, chirme
English: chirm, churm; charm, jarm
Scots: chirm, churme

Old Frisian: *zerm, *kerm

desc

⇒ West Frisian: tsjirmje, tjirmje, kjirmje

Old Saxon: karm, *kerm

⇒ Middle Low German: karmen, kermen (“to wail, whine, whimper, lament, sigh, moan”)

⇒ Middle Low German: karminge f

Old Dutch: *karm, *kerm

Middle Dutch: kerme f

⇒ Middle Dutch: carmen, caermen, kermen

Dutch: kermen

Afrikaans: kerm

⇒ Middle Dutch: gecarm, gecarem, gekerm n

Dutch: gekerm

Old High German: *charm, *karm

⇒ Middle High German: karmen (“to mourn, grieve, lament”)

German: karmen

From Proto-Indo-European *ǵh₂r-smn̥ (“call, cry”), from *ǵeh₂r- (“to call”). Cognate with Old Irish gairm (“call, shout”).

inh

(West Germanic) cry; call; shout; lament


kurþrą

kurþrą (nominative singular)
kurþrō (nominative plural)
kurþrą (singular vocative)
kurþrō (plural vocative)
kurþrą (accusative singular)
kurþrō (accusative plural)
kurþras (genitive singular)
kurþris (genitive singular)
kurþrǫ̂ (genitive plural)
kurþrai (dative singular)
kurþramaz (dative plural)
kurþrō (instrumental singular)
kurþramiz (instrumental plural)

Old English: corþer

Old High German: *kortar (< *kurdrą)

Middle High German: korter, korder

From Proto-Indo-European *h₂gr̥trom, from *h₂ger- (“to gather”) + *-þrą. Compare Ancient Greek ἀγείρω (ageírō, “to collect, gather”).


gimrī

gimrī (nominative singular)
gimrijôz (nominative plural)
gimrī (singular vocative)
gimrijôz (plural vocative)
gimrijǭ (accusative singular)
gimrijōz (accusative plural)
gimrijōz (genitive singular)
gimrijǫ̂ (genitive plural)
gimrijōi (dative singular)
gimrijōmaz (dative plural)
gimrijō (instrumental singular)
gimrijōmiz (instrumental plural)

Old Norse: gimbr, gymbr

Icelandic: gimbur

Faroese: gimbur

Swedish: gimmer, gimra

Danish: gimmer, gimmerlam

→ English: gimmer

From Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰim-, *ǵʰeym- (“winter, snow”). Compare Ancient Greek χίμαιρα (khímaira, “goat”).


hellaną

hellō (active first-person indicative singular)
hellaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
hellai (first-person indicative passive singular)
hillizi (active indicative second-person singular)
hellaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
hell (active imperative second-person singular)
hellazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
hellaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
hillidi (active indicative singular third-person)
hellai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
helladau (active imperative singular third-person)
helladai (indicative passive singular third-person)
hellaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
hellōz (active dual first-person indicative)
hellaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
helladiz (active dual indicative second-person)
hellaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
helladiz (active dual imperative second-person)
hellamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
hellaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
hellandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
hellaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
hillid (active indicative plural second-person)
hellaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
hillid (active imperative plural second-person)
hellandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
hellaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
hellandi (active indicative plural third-person)
hellain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
hellandau (active imperative plural third-person)
hellandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
hellaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
hall (active first-person indicative singular)
hullį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
hallt (active indicative second-person singular)
hullīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
hall (active indicative singular third-person)
hullī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
hullū (active dual first-person indicative)
hullīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
hulludiz (active dual indicative second-person)
hullīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
hullum (active first-person indicative plural)
hullīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
hullud (active indicative plural second-person)
hullīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
hullun (active indicative plural third-person)
hullīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
hellandz (active participle present)
hullanaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Old English: *hiellan (attested as hieldon (plural past tense) < *hallijaną)

Old Dutch: *hellan

Middle Dutch: hellen

Old High German: hellan

Middle High German: hellen

German: hellen

From Proto-Indo-European *kelh₁- (“to call, make noise”).


skrinkwaną

skrinkwō (active first-person indicative singular)
skrinkwaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
skrinkwai (first-person indicative passive singular)
skrinkwizi (active indicative second-person singular)
skrinkwaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
skrinkw (active imperative second-person singular)
skrinkwazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
skrinkwaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
skrinkwidi (active indicative singular third-person)
skrinkwai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
skrinkwadau (active imperative singular third-person)
skrinkwadai (indicative passive singular third-person)
skrinkwaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
skrinkwōz (active dual first-person indicative)
skrinkwaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
skrinkwadiz (active dual indicative second-person)
skrinkwaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
skrinkwadiz (active dual imperative second-person)
skrinkwamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
skrinkwaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
skrinkwandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
skrinkwaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
skrinkwid (active indicative plural second-person)
skrinkwaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
skrinkwid (active imperative plural second-person)
skrinkwandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
skrinkwaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
skrinkwandi (active indicative plural third-person)
skrinkwain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
skrinkwandau (active imperative plural third-person)
skrinkwandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
skrinkwaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
skrankw (active first-person indicative singular)
skrunkį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
skranht (active indicative second-person singular)
skrunkīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
skrankw (active indicative singular third-person)
skrunkī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
skrunkū (active dual first-person indicative)
skrunkīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
skrunkudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
skrunkīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
skrunkum (active first-person indicative plural)
skrunkīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
skrunkud (active indicative plural second-person)
skrunkīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
skrunkun (active indicative plural third-person)
skrunkīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
skrinkwandz (active participle present)
skrunkanaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Old English: sċrincan
Middle English: schrynken, schrinke, schryngke, schrynke, schrynkyn, shrincke, shrinke, shrinken; scrinkin
English: shrink
Scots: scrink

Old Dutch: *skrinkan

Middle Dutch: *schrinken

Dutch: schrinken

Old Norse: *skrykkva, *skrøkkva

Norwegian: skrøkka

Old Swedish: skrunkin (attested as past participle)

Possibly from sk-r-ingʷ-onom, from Proto-Indo-European *sker- (“to wrinkle, wither”).


bēganą

bēgō (active first-person indicative singular)
bēgaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
bēgai (first-person indicative passive singular)
bēgizi (active indicative second-person singular)
bēgaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
bēg (active imperative second-person singular)
bēgazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
bēgaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
bēgidi (active indicative singular third-person)
bēgai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
bēgadau (active imperative singular third-person)
bēgadai (indicative passive singular third-person)
bēgaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
bēgōz (active dual first-person indicative)
bēgaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
bēgadiz (active dual indicative second-person)
bēgaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
bēgadiz (active dual imperative second-person)
bēgamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
bēgaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
bēgandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
bēgaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
bēgid (active indicative plural second-person)
bēgaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
bēgid (active imperative plural second-person)
bēgandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
bēgaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
bēgandi (active indicative plural third-person)
bēgain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
bēgandau (active imperative plural third-person)
bēgandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
bēgaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
bebēg (active first-person indicative singular)
bebēgį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
bebēht (active indicative second-person singular)
bebēgīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
bebēg (active indicative singular third-person)
bebēgī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
bebēgū (active dual first-person indicative)
bebēgīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
bebēgudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
bebēgīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
bebēgum (active first-person indicative plural)
bebēgīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
bebēgud (active indicative plural second-person)
bebēgīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
bebēgun (active indicative plural third-person)
bebēgīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
bēgandz (active participle present)
bēganaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Old Dutch:

Middle Dutch:

Dutch: bageren

desctree

Old High German: bāgan, pāgan
Middle High German: bāgen
⇒ German: bägern
Bavarian: bägen
⇒ Swabian: bägeren
→ Middle French: bagarot
→ Occitan: bagarro
→ French: bagarre; bagarrer
→ Italian: bagarre

Old Norse: bága

Faroese: bága

⇒ Old Norse: bægja

Icelandic: bægja

/ˈbɛː.ɣɑ.nɑ̃/

Uncertain; perhaps, related to Old Irish bág (“war”) and Old Irish bágaid (“to battle”), which has been proposed to stem from Proto-Indo-European *bʰeh₁ǵʰ- (“to dispute, quarrel”).

der

Helmut Rix
Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben


kīnaną

kīnō (active first-person indicative singular)
kīnaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
kīnai (first-person indicative passive singular)
kīnizi (active indicative second-person singular)
kīnaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
kīn (active imperative second-person singular)
kīnazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
kīnaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
kīnidi (active indicative singular third-person)
kīnai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
kīnadau (active imperative singular third-person)
kīnadai (indicative passive singular third-person)
kīnaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
kīnōz (active dual first-person indicative)
kīnaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
kīnadiz (active dual indicative second-person)
kīnaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
kīnadiz (active dual imperative second-person)
kīnamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
kīnaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
kīnandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
kīnaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
kīnid (active indicative plural second-person)
kīnaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
kīnid (active imperative plural second-person)
kīnandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
kīnaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
kīnandi (active indicative plural third-person)
kīnain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
kīnandau (active imperative plural third-person)
kīnandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
kīnaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
kai (active first-person indicative singular)
kijį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
kait (active indicative second-person singular)
kijīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
kai (active indicative singular third-person)
kijī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
kijū (active dual first-person indicative)
kijīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
kijudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
kijīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
kijum (active first-person indicative plural)
kijīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
kijud (active indicative plural second-person)
kijīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
kijun (active indicative plural third-person)
kijīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
kīnandz (active participle present)
kijanaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *kīnan
Old English: ċīnan
Middle English: chynen, chine, chyne
English: chine (obsolete)
Scots: chime, chun
Old Frisian: *kīna
Saterland Frisian: kiene
Old Saxon: kīnan
Middle Low German: kînen, ⇒ kîmen (influenced by kīme)
German Low German: kienen
Old Dutch: *kīnan
Middle Dutch: kinen
Old High German: kīnan
Middle High German: kīnen, ⇒ kīmen (influenced by kīme)
German: keimen
→⇒ Old French: rekigner, reschignier, rechignier (“to grimace”)
Old French: *rekin, reschin (“shark”)
Middle French: requin (via Norman French)
French: requin
→ English: requin

Gothic: 𐌺𐌴𐌹𐌽𐌰𐌽 (keinan)

From Pre-Germanic *ǵey-n-, originally a nasal-present from Proto-Indo-European *ǵeyH- (“to break open, germinate”). Cognate with Lithuanian žydė́ti (“to flower, bloom”).

der

Brill Publishers
Helmut Rix
Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben


skrankijaną

skrankijō (active first-person indicative singular)
skrankijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
skrankijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
skrankīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
skrankijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
skrankī (active imperative second-person singular)
skrankijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
skrankijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
skrankīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
skrankijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
skrankijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
skrankijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
skrankijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
skrankijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
skrankijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
skrankijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
skrankijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
skrankijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
skrankijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
skrankijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
skrankijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
skrankijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
skrankīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
skrankijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
skrankīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
skrankijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
skrankijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
skrankijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
skrankijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
skrankijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
skrankijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
skrankijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
skrankidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
skrankidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
skrankidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
skrankidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
skrankidē (active indicative singular third-person)
skrankidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
skrankidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
skrankidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
skrankidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
skrankidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
skrankidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
skrankidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
skrankidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
skrankidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
skrankidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
skrankidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
skrankijandz (active participle present)
skrankidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Old English: ġesċrenċan

Middle English: shrenchen

From *skrinkwaną (“to shrink”) + *-janą.


skrankijaną

Old English: sċrenċan

Middle English: shrenchen

Old Dutch: *skrenken

Middle Dutch: screnken

Dutch: schrenken

Old High German: *skrenken

Middle High German: schrenken

German: schränken

to limit, restrict; to ensnare, catch someone up


taugijaną

taugijō (active first-person indicative singular)
taugijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
taugijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
taugīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
taugijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
taugī (active imperative second-person singular)
taugijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
taugijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
taugīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
taugijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
taugijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
taugijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
taugijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
taugijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
taugijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
taugijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
taugijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
taugijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
taugijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
taugijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
taugijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
taugijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
taugīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
taugijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
taugīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
taugijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
taugijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
taugijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
taugijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
taugijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
taugijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
taugijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
taugidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
taugidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
taugidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
taugidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
taugidē (active indicative singular third-person)
taugidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
taugidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
taugidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
taugidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
taugidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
taugidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
taugidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
taugidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
taugidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
taugidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
taugidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
taugijandz (active participle present)
taugidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Old English: tīeġan, tīġan, tȳġan — Late West Saxon
Middle English: teyen, tegh, teiȝen, tey, teye, teyȝe, teyn, teyyn, thyen, tien, tye, tyȝe (through the Anglian variant)
English: tie
Scots: tee, tie

Old Saxon: *tōgian

Middle Low German: *tö̂gen, *tö̂jen

German Low German: töjen

q

in <i class="Latn mention" lang="goh">duruhzougen</i>

Old High German: *zougen (ppt) (in duruhzougen)

Old Norse: teygja

Icelandic: teygja

Faroese: toyggja

Norwegian: tøye

Old Swedish: tø̄ghia

Swedish: töja

Old Danish: tø̄ghæ

Danish: tøje

Gutnish: tåige

Scanian: tǿja


spangō

spangō (nominative singular)
spangôz (nominative plural)
spangō (singular vocative)
spangôz (plural vocative)
spangǭ (accusative singular)
spangōz (accusative plural)
spangōz (genitive singular)
spangǫ̂ (genitive plural)
spangōi (dative singular)
spangōmaz (dative plural)
spangō (instrumental singular)
spangōmiz (instrumental plural)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *spangu
Old English: spang
Old High German: spanga

Old Norse: spǫng

Icelandic: spöng

Old Swedish: spang

Swedish: spång

Uncertain. Possibly derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *(s)penh₁- (“to spin, braid”).


midją

midją (nominative singular)
midjō (nominative plural)
midją (singular vocative)
midjō (plural vocative)
midją (accusative singular)
midjō (accusative plural)
midjas (genitive singular)
midis (genitive singular)
midjǫ̂ (genitive plural)
midjai (dative singular)
midjamaz (dative plural)
midjō (instrumental singular)
midjamiz (instrumental plural)

Old English: midd

Middle English: mid

English: mid

Old High German: mitti
Middle High German: mitte
German: Mitte
Yiddish: מיט (mit)

>? Old Norse: mið
Icelandic: mið n
Faroese: mið n
Norwegian Nynorsk: med, méd n
Norwegian Bokmål: med n


mēaną

mēō (active first-person indicative singular)
mēaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
mēai (first-person indicative passive singular)
mēizi (active indicative second-person singular)
mēaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
mē (active imperative second-person singular)
mēazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
mēaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
mēidi (active indicative singular third-person)
mēai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
mēadau (active imperative singular third-person)
mēadai (indicative passive singular third-person)
mēaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
mēōz (active dual first-person indicative)
mēaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
mēadiz (active dual indicative second-person)
mēaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
mēadiz (active dual imperative second-person)
mēamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
mēaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
mēandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
mēaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
mēid (active indicative plural second-person)
mēaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
mēid (active imperative plural second-person)
mēandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
mēaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
mēandi (active indicative plural third-person)
mēain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
mēandau (active imperative plural third-person)
mēandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
mēaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
memō (active first-person indicative singular)
memōį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
memōt (active indicative second-person singular)
memōīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
memō (active indicative singular third-person)
memōī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
memōū (active dual first-person indicative)
memōīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
memōudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
memōīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
memōum (active first-person indicative plural)
memōīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
memōud (active indicative plural second-person)
memōīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
memōun (active indicative plural third-person)
memōīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
mēandz (active participle present)
mēanaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *māan
Old English: māwan
Middle English: mawen, mowen
English: mow
Scots: maw
Old Frisian: *meā, *miā
Saterland Frisian: mjo
West Frisian: mjeane, meane
Old Saxon: *māian
Middle Low German: meien, meyen, meygen, meigen, mêgen
German Low German: maihen
→ Swedish: meja
→ Danish: meje
→ Norwegian:
Norwegian Bokmål: meie
Norwegian Nynorsk: meia, meie
Old Dutch: *māien
Middle Dutch: mâyen
Dutch: maaien
Old High German: māen
Middle High German: mæjen
German: mähen
Luxembourgish: méien

/ˈmɛː.ɑ.nɑ̃/

From Proto-Indo-European *h₂meh₁- (“to mow”).


faiknaz

*faiknaz (a-stem)

faiknaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
faiknai (masculine nominative plural strong)
faiknō (feminine nominative singular strong)
faiknôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
faikną (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
faiknō (neuter nominative plural strong)
faiknanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
faiknanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
faiknǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
faiknōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
faikną (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
faiknō (accusative neuter plural strong)
faiknas (genitive masculine singular strong)
-is (genitive masculine singular strong)
faiknaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
faiknaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
faiknaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
faiknas (genitive neuter singular strong)
-is (genitive neuter singular strong)
faiknaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
faiknammai (dative masculine singular strong)
faiknaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
faiknaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
faiknaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
faiknammai (dative neuter singular strong)
faiknaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
faiknanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
faiknaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
faiknaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
faiknaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
faiknanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
faiknaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
faiknô (masculine nominative singular weak)
faiknaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
faiknǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
faiknōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
faiknô (neuter nominative singular weak)
faiknōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
faiknanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
faiknanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
faiknōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
faiknōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
faiknô (accusative neuter singular weak)
faiknōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
faikniniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
faiknanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
faiknōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
faiknōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
faikniniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
faiknanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
faiknini (dative masculine singular weak)
faiknammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
faiknōni (dative feminine singular weak)
faiknōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
faiknini (dative neuter singular weak)
faiknammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
faikninē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
faiknammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
faiknōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
faiknōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
faikninē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
faiknammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

Old English: fācen

Middle English: fāken, fōken

Old Saxon: fēkni, fēgni

Old High German: feihhan, feichan

Middle High German: veichen

Old Norse: feikn

From Proto-Indo-European *peyǵ- (“hostile, angry”).


arhwō

arhwō (nominative singular)
arhwôz (nominative plural)
arhwō (singular vocative)
arhwôz (plural vocative)
arhwǭ (accusative singular)
arhwōz (accusative plural)
arhwōz (genitive singular)
arhwǫ̂ (genitive plural)
arhwōi (dative singular)
arhwōmaz (dative plural)
arhwō (instrumental singular)
arhwōmiz (instrumental plural)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *arhu
Old English: earh, arwe, arewe
Middle English: arwe, arewe, arowe, arow
Scots: arowe, arow
English: arrow

Old Norse: ǫr
Icelandic: ör
Faroese: ørv f, ørvur m
Old Swedish: arf
→ Swedish: Orvar (borrowed from Old West Norse as personal name)

Gothic: *𐌰𐍂𐍈𐌰 (*arƕa)

⇒ Gothic: 𐌰𐍂𐍈𐌰𐌶𐌽𐌰 (arƕazna)

From Proto-Indo-European *h₂érkʷo- (“bow, arrow”). Compare Latin arcus.


aigǭ

aigǭ (nominative singular)
aigōniz (nominative plural)
aigǭ (singular vocative)
aigōniz (plural vocative)
aigōnų (accusative singular)
aigōnunz (accusative plural)
aigōniz (genitive singular)
aigōnǫ̂ (genitive plural)
aigōni (dative singular)
aigōmaz (dative plural)
aigōnē (instrumental singular)
aigōmiz (instrumental plural)

Old English: āge

desctree

Old Norse: eiga
Icelandic: eiga
Faroese: eiga
Norwegian Nynorsk: eiga; (dialectal) ega
Elfdalian: iegå
Old Swedish: ǣgha, ēgha
Swedish: äga
Danish: eje
Norwegian Bokmål: eie
Old Gutnish: aiga


aidaz

aidaz (nominative singular)
aidōz (nominative plural)
aidōs (nominative plural)
aid (singular vocative)
aidōz (plural vocative)
aidōs (plural vocative)
aidą (accusative singular)
aidanz (accusative plural)
aidas (genitive singular)
aidis (genitive singular)
aidǫ̂ (genitive plural)
aidai (dative singular)
aidamaz (dative plural)
aidō (instrumental singular)
aidamiz (instrumental plural)

Old English: ād
Middle English: ād

Old Saxon: ēd

Old High German: eit

Middle High German: eit

From Proto-Indo-European *h₂eydʰ- (“to burn, shine”), apparently continuing an extension *h₂ey-dʰh₁- (“to put to the fire”). Related to Ancient Greek αἴθω (aíthō, “to ignite, kindle”).


hwerbaz

*hwerbaz (a-stem)

hwerbaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
hwerbai (masculine nominative plural strong)
hwerbō (feminine nominative singular strong)
hwerbôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
hwerbą (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
hwerbō (neuter nominative plural strong)
hwerbanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
hwerbanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
hwerbǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
hwerbōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
hwerbą (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
hwerbō (accusative neuter plural strong)
hwerbas (genitive masculine singular strong)
-is (genitive masculine singular strong)
hwerbaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
hwerbaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
hwerbaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
hwerbas (genitive neuter singular strong)
-is (genitive neuter singular strong)
hwerbaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
hwerbammai (dative masculine singular strong)
hwerbaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
hwerbaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
hwerbaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
hwerbammai (dative neuter singular strong)
hwerbaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
hwerbanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
hwerbaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
hwerbaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
hwerbaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
hwerbanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
hwerbaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
hwerbô (masculine nominative singular weak)
hwerbaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
hwerbǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
hwerbōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
hwerbô (neuter nominative singular weak)
hwerbōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
hwerbanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
hwerbanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
hwerbōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
hwerbōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
hwerbô (accusative neuter singular weak)
hwerbōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
hwerbiniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
hwerbanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
hwerbōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
hwerbōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
hwerbiniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
hwerbanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
hwerbini (dative masculine singular weak)
hwerbammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
hwerbōni (dative feminine singular weak)
hwerbōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
hwerbini (dative neuter singular weak)
hwerbammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
hwerbinē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
hwerbammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
hwerbōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
hwerbōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
hwerbinē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
hwerbammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

Old High German: sinwerf (in compound)

Old Norse: hverfr

Icelandic: hverfur


flaihaz

*flaihaz (a-stem)

flaihaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
flaihai (masculine nominative plural strong)
flaihō (feminine nominative singular strong)
flaihôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
flaihą (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
flaihō (neuter nominative plural strong)
flaihanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
flaihanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
flaihǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
flaihōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
flaihą (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
flaihō (accusative neuter plural strong)
flaihas (genitive masculine singular strong)
-is (genitive masculine singular strong)
flaihaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
flaihaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
flaihaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
flaihas (genitive neuter singular strong)
-is (genitive neuter singular strong)
flaihaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
flaihammai (dative masculine singular strong)
flaihaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
flaihaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
flaihaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
flaihammai (dative neuter singular strong)
flaihaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
flaihanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
flaihaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
flaihaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
flaihaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
flaihanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
flaihaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
flaihô (masculine nominative singular weak)
flaihaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
flaihǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
flaihōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
flaihô (neuter nominative singular weak)
flaihōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
flaihanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
flaihanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
flaihōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
flaihōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
flaihô (accusative neuter singular weak)
flaihōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
flaihiniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
flaihanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
flaihōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
flaihōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
flaihiniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
flaihanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
flaihini (dative masculine singular weak)
flaihammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
flaihōni (dative feminine singular weak)
flaihōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
flaihini (dative neuter singular weak)
flaihammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
flaihinē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
flaihammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
flaihōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
flaihōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
flaihinē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
flaihammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *flaih
Old English: flāh

Old Norse: flár

Icelandic: flár

From earlier *þlaihaz, of unknown origin.

unk

unknown

Middle English: flerd

Old English: fleard (borrowed from Old Norse ?)


þēgiz

þēgiz (masculine nominative singular strong)
þēgijai (masculine nominative plural strong)
þēgī (feminine nominative singular strong)
þēgijôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
þēgį (neuter nominative singular strong)
-jatō (neuter nominative singular strong)
þēgijō (neuter nominative plural strong)
þēgijanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
þēgijanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
þēgijǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
þēgijōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
þēgį (accusative neuter singular strong)
-jatō (accusative neuter singular strong)
þēgijō (accusative neuter plural strong)
þēgijas (genitive masculine singular strong)
þēgīs (genitive masculine singular strong)
þēgijaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
þēgijaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
þēgijaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
þēgijas (genitive neuter singular strong)
þēgīs (genitive neuter singular strong)
þēgijaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
þēgijammai (dative masculine singular strong)
þēgijaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
þēgijaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
þēgijaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
þēgijammai (dative neuter singular strong)
þēgijaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
þēgijanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
þēgijaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
þēgijaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
þēgijaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
þēgijanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
þēgijaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
þēgijô (masculine nominative singular weak)
þēgijaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
þēgijǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
þēgijōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
þēgijô (neuter nominative singular weak)
þēgijōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
þēgijanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
þēgijanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
þēgijōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
þēgijōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
þēgijô (accusative neuter singular weak)
þēgijōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
þēgīniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
þēgijanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
þēgijōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
þēgijōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
þēgīniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
þēgijanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
þēgīni (dative masculine singular weak)
þēgijammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
þēgijōni (dative feminine singular weak)
þēgijōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
þēgīni (dative neuter singular weak)
þēgijammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
þēgīnē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
þēgijammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
þēgijōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
þēgijōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
þēgīnē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
þēgijammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

Old Norse: þægr

Icelandic: þægur

Vṛddhi gerundive of *þigjaną (“to accept”).


fōriją

fōriją (nominative singular)
fōrijō (nominative plural)
fōriją (singular vocative)
fōrijō (plural vocative)
fōriją (accusative singular)
fōrijō (accusative plural)
fōrijas (genitive singular)
fōrīs (genitive singular)
fōrijǫ̂ (genitive plural)
fōrijai (dative singular)
fōrijamaz (dative plural)
fōrijō (instrumental singular)
fōrijamiz (instrumental plural)

Old Frisian: fēre

Old High German: gifuori

Old Norse: fœri

Icelandic: færi

Faroese: føri

Old Swedish: fø̄re

Swedish: före

⇒ Old Danish: torfør

Danish: føre

Derived from *fōriz (“suitable”), or directly from *fōrijaną (“to lead”).


fōriz

fōriz (masculine nominative singular strong)
fōrijai (masculine nominative plural strong)
fōrī (feminine nominative singular strong)
fōrijôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
fōrį (neuter nominative singular strong)
-jatō (neuter nominative singular strong)
fōrijō (neuter nominative plural strong)
fōrijanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
fōrijanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
fōrijǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
fōrijōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
fōrį (accusative neuter singular strong)
-jatō (accusative neuter singular strong)
fōrijō (accusative neuter plural strong)
fōrijas (genitive masculine singular strong)
fōrīs (genitive masculine singular strong)
fōrijaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
fōrijaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
fōrijaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
fōrijas (genitive neuter singular strong)
fōrīs (genitive neuter singular strong)
fōrijaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
fōrijammai (dative masculine singular strong)
fōrijaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
fōrijaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
fōrijaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
fōrijammai (dative neuter singular strong)
fōrijaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
fōrijanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
fōrijaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
fōrijaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
fōrijaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
fōrijanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
fōrijaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
fōrijô (masculine nominative singular weak)
fōrijaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
fōrijǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
fōrijōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
fōrijô (neuter nominative singular weak)
fōrijōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
fōrijanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
fōrijanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
fōrijōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
fōrijōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
fōrijô (accusative neuter singular weak)
fōrijōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
fōrīniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
fōrijanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
fōrijōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
fōrijōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
fōrīniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
fōrijanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
fōrīni (dative masculine singular weak)
fōrijammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
fōrijōni (dative feminine singular weak)
fōrijōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
fōrīni (dative neuter singular weak)
fōrijammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
fōrīnē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
fōrijammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
fōrijōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
fōrijōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
fōrīnē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
fōrijammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

Proto-West Germanic: *fōri

Old English: fēre

Middle English: fēre

English: fere, fear

Old High German: *fuori

⇒ gifuori

Old Norse: fœrr

Icelandic: fær

Faroese: førur

Old Swedish: fø̄r

Swedish: för

Old Danish: før

Danish: før


hwataz

*hwataz (a-stem)

hwataz (masculine nominative singular strong)
hwatai (masculine nominative plural strong)
hwatō (feminine nominative singular strong)
hwatôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
hwatą (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
hwatō (neuter nominative plural strong)
hwatanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
hwatanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
hwatǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
hwatōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
hwatą (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
hwatō (accusative neuter plural strong)
hwatas (genitive masculine singular strong)
-is (genitive masculine singular strong)
hwataizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
hwataizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
hwataizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
hwatas (genitive neuter singular strong)
-is (genitive neuter singular strong)
hwataizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
hwatammai (dative masculine singular strong)
hwataimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
hwataizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
hwataimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
hwatammai (dative neuter singular strong)
hwataimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
hwatanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
hwataimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
hwataizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
hwataimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
hwatanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
hwataimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
hwatô (masculine nominative singular weak)
hwataniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
hwatǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
hwatōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
hwatô (neuter nominative singular weak)
hwatōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
hwatanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
hwatanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
hwatōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
hwatōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
hwatô (accusative neuter singular weak)
hwatōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
hwatiniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
hwatanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
hwatōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
hwatōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
hwatiniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
hwatanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
hwatini (dative masculine singular weak)
hwatammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
hwatōni (dative feminine singular weak)
hwatōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
hwatini (dative neuter singular weak)
hwatammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
hwatinē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
hwatammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
hwatōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
hwatōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
hwatinē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
hwatammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

Old English: hwæt

Middle English: hwat, whæt

Old Saxon: hwat (in compounds)

Old High German: hwaz, waz

Middle High German: was

desctree

Old Norse: hvatr
Icelandic: hvatur
Faroese: hvat- (as a prefix in hvatligur, hvatmæltur, hvattalandi)
Norwegian Nynorsk: kvat
Norwegian Bokmål: kvat

From Proto-Indo-European *kʷh₁dós, adjectival derivation from *kʷeh₁d-, whence Proto-Germanic *hwētaną.


hwelbaną

hwelbō (active first-person indicative singular)
hwelbaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
hwelbai (first-person indicative passive singular)
hwilbizi (active indicative second-person singular)
hwelbaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
hwelb (active imperative second-person singular)
hwelbazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
hwelbaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
hwilbidi (active indicative singular third-person)
hwelbai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
hwelbadau (active imperative singular third-person)
hwelbadai (indicative passive singular third-person)
hwelbaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
hwelbōz (active dual first-person indicative)
hwelbaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
hwelbadiz (active dual indicative second-person)
hwelbaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
hwelbadiz (active dual imperative second-person)
hwelbamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
hwelbaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
hwelbandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
hwelbaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
hwilbid (active indicative plural second-person)
hwelbaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
hwilbid (active imperative plural second-person)
hwelbandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
hwelbaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
hwelbandi (active indicative plural third-person)
hwelbain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
hwelbandau (active imperative plural third-person)
hwelbandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
hwelbaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
hwalb (active first-person indicative singular)
hulbį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
hwalft (active indicative second-person singular)
hulbīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
hwalb (active indicative singular third-person)
hulbī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
hulbū (active dual first-person indicative)
hulbīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
hulbudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
hulbīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
hulbum (active first-person indicative plural)
hulbīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
hulbud (active indicative plural second-person)
hulbīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
hulbun (active indicative plural third-person)
hulbīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
hwelbandz (active participle present)
hulbanaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Old Dutch: *welvan

Middle Dutch: welven
Dutch: welven

Old High German: *welban

Middle High German: *welben (only the past singular walb is attested)

German: wölben

Old Norse: *hvelfa (only the past participle holfinn is attested)

Norwegian: kvelva

From Proto-Indo-European *kʷelp- (“to bend”), with -b- instead of -f- due to influence from either the adjective or causative.


raginą

raginą (nominative singular)
raginō (nominative plural)
raginą (singular vocative)
raginō (plural vocative)
raginą (accusative singular)
raginō (accusative plural)
raginas (genitive singular)
raginis (genitive singular)
raginǫ̂ (genitive plural)
raginai (dative singular)
raginamaz (dative plural)
raginō (instrumental singular)
raginamiz (instrumental plural)

Proto-West Germanic:

Old English: reġen-, reġn- (found in compounds)

Proto-Norse: *ᚱᚨᚷᛁᚾᚨ (*ragina)
Old Norse: regin

Gothic: 𐍂𐌰𐌲𐌹𐌽 (ragin)

Vandalic: *ragin- (in personal names)

From Pre-Germanic *Hrokéno-, from Proto-Indo-European *Hrok-, possibly further to *Hrek- (“to speak”). Related to Old Church Slavonic рокъ (rokŭ, “time”), Russian рок (rok, “fate”).


hrōzaz

*hrōzaz (a-stem)

hrōzaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
hrōzai (masculine nominative plural strong)
hrōzō (feminine nominative singular strong)
hrōzôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
hrōzą (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
hrōzō (neuter nominative plural strong)
hrōzanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
hrōzanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
hrōzǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
hrōzōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
hrōzą (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
hrōzō (accusative neuter plural strong)
hrōzas (genitive masculine singular strong)
-is (genitive masculine singular strong)
hrōzaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
hrōzaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
hrōzaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
hrōzas (genitive neuter singular strong)
-is (genitive neuter singular strong)
hrōzaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
hrōzammai (dative masculine singular strong)
hrōzaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
hrōzaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
hrōzaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
hrōzammai (dative neuter singular strong)
hrōzaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
hrōzanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
hrōzaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
hrōzaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
hrōzaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
hrōzanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
hrōzaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
hrōzô (masculine nominative singular weak)
hrōzaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
hrōzǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
hrōzōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
hrōzô (neuter nominative singular weak)
hrōzōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
hrōzanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
hrōzanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
hrōzōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
hrōzōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
hrōzô (accusative neuter singular weak)
hrōzōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
hrōziniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
hrōzanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
hrōzōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
hrōzōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
hrōziniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
hrōzanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
hrōzini (dative masculine singular weak)
hrōzammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
hrōzōni (dative feminine singular weak)
hrōzōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
hrōzini (dative neuter singular weak)
hrōzammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
hrōzinē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
hrōzammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
hrōzōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
hrōzōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
hrōzinē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
hrōzammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

Proto-West Germanic: *hrōʀ

Old English: hrōr

Old Saxon: hrōr

gl

some forms possibly back-formed from Middle Low German <i class="Latn mention" lang="gml">rö̂ren</i>

Middle Low German: rôr, rö̂r, rûr, rôre, rö̂re, rûre (some forms possibly back-formed from Middle Low German rö̂ren)

Old Dutch: *hrōr, *rōr

Middle Dutch: roer

Dutch: roer, reur (dialectal)

Old High German: *hruor, *ruor

desc

Middle High German: ruor (in derivatives)

Proto-Norse: ᚺᚱᛟᛉᚨᛉ (hroʀaʀ) (proper name)

From pre-Germanic *kroHsos, from Proto-Indo-European *kreHs-. Compare perhaps Proto-Slavic *krāsà (“beauty”).
Alternatively a vṛddhi derivative of *hrasaną, an otherwise unreflected strong verb from Proto-Indo-European *kres-; compare *hraznō (“wave”) and the causative *hrōzijaną (“to stir”).

Brill Publishers
Germanic parent language


innai

Old English: inne

Middle English: in

English: in

Old Frisian: inna, inne

Old Saxon: inna

Old Dutch: inna

Old High German: inne

Middle High German: inne

Old Norse: inni

Icelandic: inni

Faroese: inni

Danish: inde

Old Swedish: inne

Swedish: inne

Gothic: 𐌹𐌽𐌽𐌰 (inna)

From *in (“in”) + *-nai the locative form of a suffix with unclear origin, from earlier *-n-oy.


-anē

Proto-West Germanic: *-anā

Old English: -an

Old Saxon: -an, -ana

Old High German: -ana

Proto-Norse: -ᚨᚾᚨ (-ana)

Old Norse: -an

Gothic: -𐌰𐌽𐌰 (-ana)

Possibly from a Proto-Indo-European *-neh₁, which would also be the source of Sanskrit विना (vinā, “without”) and possibly Latin supernē (“from above”). The final vowel itself is uncertain; it is usually given as *-ē based on the possibly related forms above.
The first vowel *-a- might not have originally been part of the suffix at all, possibly being detached from the forms the suffix was attached to; but it is usually found as such in Germanic languages.

Creates adverbs with ablative direction.


ūtai

Proto-West Germanic:

Old English: ūte

Middle English: ūte

English: out

Old Saxon: ūta, ūte

Old Dutch: *ūte

Middle Dutch: ute

Dutch: uit

Old High German: ūze

Middle High German: ūze

Old Norse: úti

Icelandic: úti

Faroese: úti

Old Swedish: ūte

Swedish: ute

Old Danish: utæ

Danish: ude

Gothic: 𐌿𐍄𐌰 (uta)


innanē

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *innanā
Old English: innan
Middle English: innen
Old Saxon: innan
Old High German: innana
Middle High German: innen
German: innen

Proto-Norse: ᛁᚾᚨᚾᚨ (inana /innana/)

Old Norse: innan
Icelandic: innan
Faroese: innan
Norwegian Nynorsk: innan
Old Swedish: innan
Swedish: innan
Danish: inden
Norwegian Bokmål: innen

Gothic: 𐌹𐌽𐌽𐌰𐌽𐌰 (innana)

From *in + *-anē. The development of the form of the word is uncertain. If the vowel *-a- was not part of the suffix itself, it could have been picked up from similar words, namely *ubanē, in which case the gemination had been introduced by analogy with *inn or *innai. If the original allative form of *inn were Pre-Germanic *en-no, then the ablative could have been built upon that, or as likely the locative *en-noy, which would explain the vowel and the gemination.

from inside, from within (ablative direction)


þrawaz

*þrawaz (a-stem)

þrawaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
þrawai (masculine nominative plural strong)
þrawō (feminine nominative singular strong)
þrawôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
þrawą (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
þrawō (neuter nominative plural strong)
þrawanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
þrawanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
þrawǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
þrawōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
þrawą (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
þrawō (accusative neuter plural strong)
þrawas (genitive masculine singular strong)
-is (genitive masculine singular strong)
þrawaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
þrawaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
þrawaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
þrawas (genitive neuter singular strong)
-is (genitive neuter singular strong)
þrawaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
þrawammai (dative masculine singular strong)
þrawaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
þrawaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
þrawaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
þrawammai (dative neuter singular strong)
þrawaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
þrawanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
þrawaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
þrawaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
þrawaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
þrawanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
þrawaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
þrawô (masculine nominative singular weak)
þrawaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
þrawǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
þrawōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
þrawô (neuter nominative singular weak)
þrawōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
þrawanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
þrawanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
þrawōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
þrawōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
þrawô (accusative neuter singular weak)
þrawōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
þrawiniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
þrawanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
þrawōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
þrawōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
þrawiniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
þrawanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
þrawini (dative masculine singular weak)
þrawammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
þrawōni (dative feminine singular weak)
þrawōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
þrawini (dative neuter singular weak)
þrawammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
þrawinē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
þrawammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
þrawōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
þrawōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
þrawinē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
þrawammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

Old Norse: þrár

Icelandic: þrár

→ Middle English: thro, thra

English: thro

Possibly from Proto-Indo-European *ter- (“to rub, grind”).


ubanē

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *obanā
Old English: ufan, ufane
Middle English: uven
Old Frisian: ova, with -pp- uppa, oppa (also uppe, oppe, but these might be from *uppai instead)
Old Saxon: ovan, ovana, with -pp- uppan
Old Dutch: uppan (with -pp-)
Old High German: obana, ūfana, *ovana
Middle High German: oben, obene, *oven
Alemannic German: obe
Swabian: oba
Bavarian: obn, om, oum, uom
German: oben
Luxembourgish: uewen
Central Franconian:
Hunsrik: owe
Rhine Franconian: owen, owe, uwe
Pennsylvania German: owwe
Vilamovian: uwa
Yiddish: אויבן (oybn)

Old Norse: ofan
Icelandic: ofan
Faroese: oman
Norwegian Nynorsk: ovan
→ Norwegian Bokmål: ova-
Old Swedish: ovan
Swedish: ovan
Danish: oven
Norwegian Bokmål: oven


ūtanē

Proto-West Germanic: *ūtanā
Old English: ūtan, ūtane, ūte
Middle English: outen, oute
English: outen
Scots: outin, outtin
Old Frisian: ūta, ūte
Old Saxon: ūtana, ūtan, ūta
Middle Low German: ûten
Low German: uten
Old Dutch: *ūtan
Middle Dutch: ûten, ûte
Dutch: uite-
Old High German: ūzana, ūzan, ūze
Middle High German: ūzen
German: außen

Old Norse: útan
Icelandic: utan
Faroese: uttan
Norwegian Bokmål: uten
Norwegian Nynorsk: utan
Old Swedish: ūtan
Swedish: utan
Old Danish: utan, utæn, uten
Danish: uden

Gothic: 𐌿𐍄𐌰𐌽𐌰 (ūtana)


tīhaną

tīhō (active first-person indicative singular)
tīhaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
tīhai (first-person indicative passive singular)
tīhizi (active indicative second-person singular)
tīhaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
tīh (active imperative second-person singular)
tīhazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
tīhaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
tīhidi (active indicative singular third-person)
tīhai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
tīhadau (active imperative singular third-person)
tīhadai (indicative passive singular third-person)
tīhaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
tīhōz (active dual first-person indicative)
tīhaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
tīhadiz (active dual indicative second-person)
tīhaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
tīhadiz (active dual imperative second-person)
tīhamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
tīhaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
tīhandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
tīhaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
tīhid (active indicative plural second-person)
tīhaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
tīhid (active imperative plural second-person)
tīhandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
tīhaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
tīhandi (active indicative plural third-person)
tīhain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
tīhandau (active imperative plural third-person)
tīhandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
tīhaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
taih (active first-person indicative singular)
tigį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
taiht (active indicative second-person singular)
tigīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
taih (active indicative singular third-person)
tigī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
tigū (active dual first-person indicative)
tigīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
tigudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
tigīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
tigum (active first-person indicative plural)
tigīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
tigud (active indicative plural second-person)
tigīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
tigun (active indicative plural third-person)
tigīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
tīhandz (active participle present)
tiganaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *tīhan
Old English: tēon
Middle English: tēn
⇒ Old Saxon: aftīhan
Old Dutch: *tīan
Middle Dutch: tiën
Dutch: tijgen, aantijgen
Afrikaans: aantyg
Old High German: zīhan
Middle High German: zīhen
German: zeihen

Old Norse: tjá

Icelandic: tjá

Faroese: tíggja

Norwegian Nynorsk: te

Old Swedish: tēa

Swedish: te

Danish: te

Norwegian Bokmål: te

Gothic: *𐍄𐌴𐌹𐌷𐌰𐌽 (*teihan)

From Proto-Indo-European *déyḱti, from *deyḱ- (“to show”). Cognate with Latin dīcō (“speak, say, tell”), Ancient Greek δείκνυμι (deíknumi, “show, point out, explain, teach”).


aukô

aukô (nominative singular)
aukaniz (nominative plural)
aukô (singular vocative)
aukaniz (plural vocative)
aukanų (accusative singular)
aukanunz (accusative plural)
aukiniz (genitive singular)
aukanǫ̂ (genitive plural)
aukini (dative singular)
aukammaz (dative plural)
aukinē (instrumental singular)
aukammiz (instrumental plural)

Old English: ēaca

q

Middle English: eke, eche (assibilation due to influence from the verb echen, a variant of eken)

English: eke

Scots: eke, eik

Old Frisian: āka

Old Norse: auki

Icelandic: auki

Faroese: eyki

Danish: øge, øg

Swedish: och


tēwijaz

*tēwijaz (ja-stem)

tēwijaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
tēwijai (masculine nominative plural strong)
tēwijō (feminine nominative singular strong)
tēwijôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
tēwiją (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
tēwijō (neuter nominative plural strong)
tēwijanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
tēwijanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
tēwijǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
tēwijōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
tēwiją (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
tēwijō (accusative neuter plural strong)
tēwijas (genitive masculine singular strong)
-īs (genitive masculine singular strong)
tēwijaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
tēwijaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
tēwijaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
tēwijas (genitive neuter singular strong)
-īs (genitive neuter singular strong)
tēwijaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
tēwijammai (dative masculine singular strong)
tēwijaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
tēwijaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
tēwijaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
tēwijammai (dative neuter singular strong)
tēwijaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
tēwijanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
tēwijaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
tēwijaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
tēwijaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
tēwijanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
tēwijaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
tēwijô (masculine nominative singular weak)
tēwijaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
tēwijǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
tēwijōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
tēwijô (neuter nominative singular weak)
tēwijōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
tēwijanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
tēwijanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
tēwijōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
tēwijōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
tēwijô (accusative neuter singular weak)
tēwijōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
tēwīniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
tēwijanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
tēwijōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
tēwijōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
tēwīniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
tēwijanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
tēwīni (dative masculine singular weak)
tēwijammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
tēwijōni (dative feminine singular weak)
tēwijōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
tēwīni (dative neuter singular weak)
tēwijammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
tēwīnē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
tēwijammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
tēwijōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
tēwijōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
tēwīnē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
tēwijammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

Old English: æltǣwe

Old Frisian: eltē

desc

𐍄𐌰𐌹𐌷𐌿𐌽𐍄𐌴𐍅𐌴𐌹𐍃

Gothic: 𐍄𐌰𐌹𐌷𐌿𐌽𐍄𐌴𐍅𐌴𐌹𐍃 (taihuntēweis)

Derived from *tēwō (“order”) or *tēwijaną (“to order”).


batô

batô (nominative singular)
bataniz (nominative plural)
batô (singular vocative)
bataniz (plural vocative)
batanų (accusative singular)
batanunz (accusative plural)
batiniz (genitive singular)
batanǫ̂ (genitive plural)
batini (dative singular)
batammaz (dative plural)
batinē (instrumental singular)
batammiz (instrumental plural)

Proto-West Germanic: *batō

Old English: *bata

⇒ Old English: *batfull

Middle English: batful, badfull

English: batful

Old Frisian: bata

Saterland Frisian: Baate m; Boate f

West Frisian: bate, baat

Old Saxon: *bato

Middle Low German: bāte

→ Danish: både

Old Dutch: *bato

Middle Dutch: bate

Dutch: baat

Old High German: *bazzo; *bazza

Middle High German: bazze f

Old Norse: bati

Icelandic: bati

Faroese: bati

Norwegian Bokmål: bate

Norwegian Nynorsk: bate


brimą

brimą (nominative singular)
brimō (nominative plural)
brimą (singular vocative)
brimō (plural vocative)
brimą (accusative singular)
brimō (accusative plural)
brimas (genitive singular)
brimis (genitive singular)
brimǫ̂ (genitive plural)
brimai (dative singular)
brimamaz (dative plural)
brimō (instrumental singular)
brimamiz (instrumental plural)

Old English: brim

Middle English: brim

English: brim

Old Norse: brim

Icelandic: brim

Faroese: brim

From Proto-Indo-European *bʰrem- (“edge, point, spike”), related to Old Norse barmr, Old English brant (“steep”), Latvian bruôds (“roof ridge”).


aferô

aferô (nominative singular)
aferaniz (nominative plural)
aferô (singular vocative)
aferaniz (plural vocative)
aferanų (accusative singular)
aferanunz (accusative plural)
afiriniz (genitive singular)
aferanǫ̂ (genitive plural)
afirini (dative singular)
aferammaz (dative plural)
afirinē (instrumental singular)
aferammiz (instrumental plural)

Old English: eafora, eafera

Old Saxon: avaro

Old Dutch: *avaro

Middle Dutch: aver (only in the expression van aver te avere (“from heir to heir; from generation to generation”))

Dutch: aver (only in the expression van aver te aver (“from heir to heir; from generation to generation”) or its variant van aver tot aver)

Gothic: 𐌰𐍆𐌰𐍂𐌰 (afara)

/ˈɑ.ɸe.rɔːː/

Possibly a substantivization of *aferą (“after, following”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₂epó.


silubrīnaz

*silubrīnaz (a-stem)

silubrīnaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
silubrīnai (masculine nominative plural strong)
silubrīnō (feminine nominative singular strong)
silubrīnôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
silubrīną (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
silubrīnō (neuter nominative plural strong)
silubrīnanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
silubrīnanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
silubrīnǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
silubrīnōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
silubrīną (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
silubrīnō (accusative neuter plural strong)
silubrīnas (genitive masculine singular strong)
-is (genitive masculine singular strong)
silubrīnaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
silubrīnaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
silubrīnaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
silubrīnas (genitive neuter singular strong)
-is (genitive neuter singular strong)
silubrīnaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
silubrīnammai (dative masculine singular strong)
silubrīnaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
silubrīnaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
silubrīnaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
silubrīnammai (dative neuter singular strong)
silubrīnaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
silubrīnanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
silubrīnaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
silubrīnaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
silubrīnaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
silubrīnanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
silubrīnaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
silubrīnô (masculine nominative singular weak)
silubrīnaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
silubrīnǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
silubrīnōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
silubrīnô (neuter nominative singular weak)
silubrīnōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
silubrīnanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
silubrīnanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
silubrīnōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
silubrīnōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
silubrīnô (accusative neuter singular weak)
silubrīnōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
silubrīniniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
silubrīnanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
silubrīnōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
silubrīnōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
silubrīniniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
silubrīnanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
silubrīnini (dative masculine singular weak)
silubrīnammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
silubrīnōni (dative feminine singular weak)
silubrīnōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
silubrīnini (dative neuter singular weak)
silubrīnammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
silubrīninē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
silubrīnammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
silubrīnōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
silubrīnōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
silubrīninē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
silubrīnammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

Old English: seolfren

Middle English: silveren

English: silvern

Old Frisian: selvirn

Old Saxon: silubrin

Old Dutch: *silverin

Middle Dutch: silveren

Dutch: zilveren

Old High German: silberīn

Middle High German: silberīn

German: silbern

Gothic: 𐍃𐌹𐌻𐌿𐌱𐍂𐌴𐌹𐌽𐍃 (silubreins)


sīmô

sīmô (nominative singular)
sīmaniz (nominative plural)
sīmô (singular vocative)
sīmaniz (plural vocative)
sīmanų (accusative singular)
sīmanunz (accusative plural)
sīminiz (genitive singular)
sīmanǫ̂ (genitive plural)
sīmini (dative singular)
sīmammaz (dative plural)
sīminē (instrumental singular)
sīmammiz (instrumental plural)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *sīmō
Old English: sīma
Old Frisian: sīma, sīm
North Frisian: seem
Old Saxon: sīmo

Old Norse: síma

Icelandic: síma

Old Swedish: sīme

Swedish: simme

→ Proto-Finnic: *siima (see there for further descendants)

From Proto-Indo-European *sh₂éy-mn̥ ~ *sh₂i-mén-s, from *sh₂ey- (“to bind, fetter”). Cognate with Irish sim, Ancient Greek ἱμάς (himás, “leather strap, well-rope”), and possibly Sanskrit सीमन् (sīmán, “border, frontier, margin”).


gulþīnaz

*gulþīnaz (a-stem)

gulþīnaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
gulþīnai (masculine nominative plural strong)
gulþīnō (feminine nominative singular strong)
gulþīnôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
gulþīną (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
gulþīnō (neuter nominative plural strong)
gulþīnanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
gulþīnanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
gulþīnǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
gulþīnōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
gulþīną (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
gulþīnō (accusative neuter plural strong)
gulþīnas (genitive masculine singular strong)
-is (genitive masculine singular strong)
gulþīnaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
gulþīnaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
gulþīnaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
gulþīnas (genitive neuter singular strong)
-is (genitive neuter singular strong)
gulþīnaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
gulþīnammai (dative masculine singular strong)
gulþīnaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
gulþīnaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
gulþīnaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
gulþīnammai (dative neuter singular strong)
gulþīnaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
gulþīnanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
gulþīnaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
gulþīnaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
gulþīnaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
gulþīnanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
gulþīnaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
gulþīnô (masculine nominative singular weak)
gulþīnaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
gulþīnǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
gulþīnōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
gulþīnô (neuter nominative singular weak)
gulþīnōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
gulþīnanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
gulþīnanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
gulþīnōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
gulþīnōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
gulþīnô (accusative neuter singular weak)
gulþīnōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
gulþīniniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
gulþīnanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
gulþīnōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
gulþīnōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
gulþīniniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
gulþīnanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
gulþīnini (dative masculine singular weak)
gulþīnammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
gulþīnōni (dative feminine singular weak)
gulþīnōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
gulþīnini (dative neuter singular weak)
gulþīnammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
gulþīninē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
gulþīnammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
gulþīnōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
gulþīnōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
gulþīninē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
gulþīnammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *gulþīn
Old English: gylden
Middle English: gilden, gylden
English: gilden (archaic), golden (after gold)
Old Frisian: gelden, golden, gulden
Saterland Frisian: goulden
West Frisian: gouden
Old Saxon: guldīn
Middle Low German:
Plautdietsch: golden
Old Dutch: guldīn
Middle Dutch: golden, gulden
Dutch: gouden, gulden
Old High German: guldīn
Middle High German: guldīn, güldīn, gulden
Cimbrian: güllan
German: gülden (archaic), golden (after Gold), Gulden (noun)
Luxembourgish: gëllen

Old Norse: gullinn
Icelandic: gullinn
Swedish: gyllene

Gothic: 𐌲𐌿𐌻𐌸𐌴𐌹𐌽𐍃 (gulþeins)


sētiz

sētiz (masculine nominative singular strong)
sētijai (masculine nominative plural strong)
sētī (feminine nominative singular strong)
sētijôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
sētį (neuter nominative singular strong)
-jatō (neuter nominative singular strong)
sētijō (neuter nominative plural strong)
sētijanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
sētijanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
sētijǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
sētijōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
sētį (accusative neuter singular strong)
-jatō (accusative neuter singular strong)
sētijō (accusative neuter plural strong)
sētijas (genitive masculine singular strong)
sētīs (genitive masculine singular strong)
sētijaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
sētijaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
sētijaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
sētijas (genitive neuter singular strong)
sētīs (genitive neuter singular strong)
sētijaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
sētijammai (dative masculine singular strong)
sētijaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
sētijaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
sētijaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
sētijammai (dative neuter singular strong)
sētijaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
sētijanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
sētijaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
sētijaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
sētijaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
sētijanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
sētijaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
sētijô (masculine nominative singular weak)
sētijaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
sētijǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
sētijōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
sētijô (neuter nominative singular weak)
sētijōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
sētijanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
sētijanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
sētijōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
sētijōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
sētijô (accusative neuter singular weak)
sētijōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
sētīniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
sētijanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
sētijōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
sētijōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
sētīniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
sētijanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
sētīni (dative masculine singular weak)
sētijammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
sētijōni (dative feminine singular weak)
sētijōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
sētīni (dative neuter singular weak)
sētijammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
sētīnē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
sētijammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
sētijōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
sētijōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
sētīnē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
sētijammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

Old English: *sǣte, andsǣte

Middle English: andsete, ansete

Old Norse: sætr (appears as neuter sætt)

Icelandic: sætur

Gothic: 𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰𐍃𐌴𐍄𐍃 (andasēts)

Vṛddhi gerundive of *sitjaną (“to sit”).

possible to sit on, pertaining to sitting