bangōną

banganą (canonical)
bangōną (canonical)
bangō (active first-person indicative singular)
bangǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
bangōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
bangōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
bangōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
bangō (active imperative second-person singular)
bangōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
bangōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
bangōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
bangō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
bangōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
bangōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
bangōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
bangōs (active dual first-person indicative)
bangōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
bangōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
bangōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
bangōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
bangōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
bangōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
bangōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
bangōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
bangōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
bangōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
bangōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
bangōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
bangōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
bangōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
bangōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
bangōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
bangōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
bangōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
bangōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
bangōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
bangōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
bangōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
bangōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
bangōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
bangōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
bangōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
bangōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
bangōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
bangōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
bangōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
bangōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
bangōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
bangōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
bangōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
bangōndz (active participle present)
bangōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *bangōn

Old English: *bangian

Middle English: *bangen; >? bonchen, bunchen

English: bang

Scots: bang, bung

desc

Old Frisian: *bangia, *bongia, *bunkia, *bonkia

Saterland Frisian: boangje; >? bunkje

West Frisian: bonkje

Old Saxon: *bangōn

Middle Low German: bangen; >? bunken

Low German: bangen, bangeln

→ German: bangen

>? Old Dutch: *bungon, *bonkon

Middle Dutch: bongen

Dutch: bonken

Old High German: bangōn, *bankan, *bankōn

Middle High German: bangen, pangen; >? bungen

Alemannic German: bangen (“to bump, push, butt”)

German: banken (dialectal)

desctree

Old Norse: banga
Danish: banke
→ Faroese: banka
→ Icelandic: banka
Faroese: banga
Icelandic: banga
Norwegian Bokmål: banke
Norwegian Nynorsk: banka, banke
Old Swedish: bånga
Swedish: banka
Elfdalian: baunka
Gutnish: banke
→? Middle English: *bangen
English: bang
Scots: bang, bung

Possibly from Proto-Indo-European *bʰen- (“to hit, strike, injure”) or *bʰe(n)g- (“to smash, break”); ultimately onomatopoeic.


managiþō

managiþō (nominative singular)
managiþôz (nominative plural)
managiþō (singular vocative)
managiþôz (plural vocative)
managiþǭ (accusative singular)
managiþōz (accusative plural)
managiþōz (genitive singular)
managiþǫ̂ (genitive plural)
managiþōi (dative singular)
managiþōmaz (dative plural)
managiþō (instrumental singular)
managiþōmiz (instrumental plural)

Proto-West Germanic: *managiþu

Old English: menigdu

Old Frisian: *manigde, *manichte

West Frisian: mannichte

Old Saxon: *menegda

Middle Low German: mennichte

Old Dutch: *menigde

Middle Dutch: menichte

Dutch: menigte

→ Old French: meinte, mainte

Middle French: maint

French: maint

desc

>? Old High German: managōti, menīgōti, menigōti

Middle High German: mengede

Old Norse: *mǫngd, *mengd

Faroese: mongd

Norwegian Nynorsk: mengd

Swedish: mängd

Danish: mængde

Norwegian Bokmål: mengde


makkô

makkô (nominative singular)
makkaniz (nominative plural)
makkô (singular vocative)
makkaniz (plural vocative)
makkanų (accusative singular)
makkanunz (accusative plural)
makkiniz (genitive singular)
makkanǫ̂ (genitive plural)
makkini (dative singular)
makkammaz (dative plural)
makkinē (instrumental singular)
makkammiz (instrumental plural)

From Proto-Indo-European *magnó-, from *mag- (“to knead, work”).


makô

makô (nominative singular)
makaniz (nominative plural)
makô (singular vocative)
makaniz (plural vocative)
makanų (accusative singular)
makanunz (accusative plural)
makiniz (genitive singular)
makanǫ̂ (genitive plural)
makini (dative singular)
makammaz (dative plural)
makinē (instrumental singular)
makammiz (instrumental plural)

Proto-West Germanic: *makō

Old English: maca, ġemaca; mæċċa, ġemæċċa

Middle English: make, mak, ȝemace, imake; mache, meche, macche, mecche, matche, metche

Scots: mak; mach, match

English: make; match

desctree

→ Russian: матч (matč)
→ Armenian: մատչ (matčʻ)

Old Saxon: gimako

Middle Low German: makkære, makker

German Low German: Macker

Old Dutch: *gimako; *gimakko

Middle Dutch: *gemakke, *ghemacke (>macker)

(Dutch: makker)

(→ German Low German: Macker)

(→ German: Macker)

→ Danish: makker

desc

Old High German: kamahho, gimahho, gimacho; gimahha f

Old Norse: maki

Icelandic: maki

Faroese: maki

Norwegian: make

Old Swedish: maki

Swedish: make, maka

Danish: mage

→ Proto-Samic: *mākë (see there for further descendants)

From *makaz (“fitting, suitable, convenient, comfortable”), from Proto-Indo-European *mag- (“to knead, work”).


feukaną

feukō (active first-person indicative singular)
feukaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
feukai (first-person indicative passive singular)
fiukizi (active indicative second-person singular)
feukaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
feuk (active imperative second-person singular)
feukazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
feukaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
fiukidi (active indicative singular third-person)
feukai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
feukadau (active imperative singular third-person)
feukadai (indicative passive singular third-person)
feukaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
feukōz (active dual first-person indicative)
feukaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
feukadiz (active dual indicative second-person)
feukaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
feukadiz (active dual imperative second-person)
feukamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
feukaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
feukandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
feukaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
fiukid (active indicative plural second-person)
feukaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
fiukid (active imperative plural second-person)
feukandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
feukaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
feukandi (active indicative plural third-person)
feukain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
feukandau (active imperative plural third-person)
feukandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
feukaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
fauk (active first-person indicative singular)
fukį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
fauht (active indicative second-person singular)
fukīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
fauk (active indicative singular third-person)
fukī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
fukū (active dual first-person indicative)
fukīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
fukudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
fukīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
fukum (active first-person indicative plural)
fukīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
fukud (active indicative plural second-person)
fukīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
fukun (active indicative plural third-person)
fukīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
feukandz (active participle present)
fukanaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Old Norse: fjúka
Icelandic: fjúka (“to be blown away”)
Faroese: fúka (“to drift, dash, be blown away”)
Norwegian Nynorsk: fyke, fyka (“to fly away”)
Jamtish: fýke
Old Swedish: fiūka, fȳka
Swedish: fjuka, fyka (“to be drifted by the wind”)
Scanian: fýga
Danish: fyge (“to be moved by the wind”)
Norwegian Bokmål: fyke

Proto-West Germanic: *feukan:

Dutch: fijcken (=fuiken)

Proto-West Germanic: *fūkan

Dutch: fuiken (“to thrust”) (obsolete)

German: fauchen (“to hiss”)

Probably backformed to the iterative *fukkōną (“to blow, gust”). From Proto-Indo-European *pewg- (“billow, bulge, drift”). Cognate with Latvian pūgà (“gust, blast, storm, blizzard”).


sundrô

Gothic: 𐍃𐌿𐌽𐌳𐍂𐍉 (sundrō)


raidaz

*raidaz (a-stem)

raidaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
raidai (masculine nominative plural strong)
raidō (feminine nominative singular strong)
raidôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
raidą (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
raidō (neuter nominative plural strong)
raidanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
raidanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
raidǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
raidōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
raidą (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
raidō (accusative neuter plural strong)
raidas (genitive masculine singular strong)
-is (genitive masculine singular strong)
raidaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
raidaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
raidaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
raidas (genitive neuter singular strong)
-is (genitive neuter singular strong)
raidaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
raidammai (dative masculine singular strong)
raidaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
raidaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
raidaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
raidammai (dative neuter singular strong)
raidaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
raidanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
raidaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
raidaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
raidaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
raidanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
raidaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
raidô (masculine nominative singular weak)
raidaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
raidǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
raidōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
raidô (neuter nominative singular weak)
raidōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
raidanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
raidanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
raidōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
raidōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
raidô (accusative neuter singular weak)
raidōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
raidiniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
raidanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
raidōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
raidōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
raidiniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
raidanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
raidini (dative masculine singular weak)
raidammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
raidōni (dative feminine singular weak)
raidōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
raidini (dative neuter singular weak)
raidammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
raidinē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
raidammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
raidōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
raidōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
raidinē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
raidammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

desc

Proto-West Germanic: *(ga)raid, *(ga)raidī

desctree

Old English: rǣde, ġerǣde
Middle English: rædi, rædiȝ, redi, redy, iredi
English: ready
Scots: readie, reddy

Old Frisian: rēd; rēde

North Frisian: ree

Saterland Frisian: reed

West Frisian: ree

Old Saxon: *girēdi

Middle Low German: gerêde, gerêt

Low German: rede, reed

→ Danish: rede

→ Old Swedish: rēþo

Swedish: redo

Old Dutch: *reid, *gereid, *bereid

desc

Middle Dutch: rede, reede, gerede, gereide, gereit, gereet, bereid

Dutch: reeds, gereed, bereid

Old High German: reiti, gireit

Middle High German: gereite, gereit

Yiddish: גרייט (greyt)

⇒ Old High German: bireiti (< *biraidijaz)

Middle High German: bereite, bereit

German: bereit

→ Swedish: beredd

Old Norse: reiðr, greiðr, greiðligur, greiðiliga

Icelandic: reiður, greiður, greiðilegur, greiðilega

Faroese: reiður

Norwegian: reiug, grei, rede

Swedish: reda

Danish: rede

→ Middle English: greithe, greith, graith; greithli

Scots: graith; graithlie

English: graith; gradely

Gothic: 𐌲𐌰𐍂𐌰𐌹𐌸𐍃 (garaiþs)

→ Proto-Finnic: *rac'as (see there for further descendants)

→ Proto-Finnic: *raidis (see there for further descendants)

From Proto-Indo-European *h₂roy-dʰ(h₁)-ó-s (“arranged, ready”), from *h₂rey- (“to count, order”).


finhlō

finhlō (nominative singular)
finhlôz (nominative plural)
finhlō (singular vocative)
finhlôz (plural vocative)
finhlǭ (accusative singular)
finhlōz (accusative plural)
finhlōz (genitive singular)
finhlǫ̂ (genitive plural)
finhlōi (dative singular)
finhlōmaz (dative plural)
finhlō (instrumental singular)
finhlōmiz (instrumental plural)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *fį̄hlu, *fį̄halu, *fį̄hilu, *fį̄hulu
Old English: fīil, fīol, fēol, fēl
Middle English: file, fyle
English: file
Scots: file, fyle
Old Frisian: *fīle
Saterland Frisian: Fiele
West Frisian: file
Old Saxon: fīla
Middle Low German: vîle
German Low German: File
→ Swedish: fil
Old Dutch: *fīla
Middle Dutch: vile
Dutch: vijl
Berbice Creole Dutch: feli
Negerhollands: feile
→ Aukan: fei
→ Caribbean Hindustani: feiri
Old High German: fīhala, fīgila, fīla
Middle High German: vīle
Cimbrian: faila
German: Feile
Luxembourgish: Feil
→ Proto-Slavic: *pĩlà (see there for further descendants)

Old Norse: þél ( < *fíla, *fél)

Icelandic: þél, þjöl

Faroese: fíla

Norwegian: fil

Old Swedish: fǣl

Danish: fil


stahlą

stahlą (nominative singular)
stahlō (nominative plural)
stahlą (singular vocative)
stahlō (plural vocative)
stahlą (accusative singular)
stahlō (accusative plural)
stahlas (genitive singular)
stahlis (genitive singular)
stahlǫ̂ (genitive plural)
stahlai (dative singular)
stahlamaz (dative plural)
stahlō (instrumental singular)
stahlamiz (instrumental plural)

Proto-West Germanic: *stahl, *stahlī (northern)
Old Saxon: *stāl
Middle Low German: stâl
German Low German: Stahl
Low German: staal
Plautdietsch: Stol
Old Dutch: stāl
Middle Dutch: stâel
Dutch: staal
Afrikaans: staal
→ Xhosa: isitali
Negerhollands: staal
→ Papiamentu: stal, staal
Limburgish: stjaol
West Flemish: stoal
Old High German: stahal, stāl
Middle High German: stahel, stāl (especially Central German); stachel, stagel (Upper German)
Alemannic German: Staal
German: Stahl (see there for further descendants)
Hunsrik: Staal
Luxembourgish: Stol
Yiddish: שטאָל (shtol)

Old Norse: stál

Icelandic: stál

Faroese: stál

Norwegian: stål

Elfdalian: stą̊l

Old Swedish: stāl

Swedish: stål

Danish: stål

From *stahlaz, *stahalaz (“firm, fast”), from Proto-Indo-European *stek- (“to be firm, stand fast”). Cognate with Old Prussian pannu-staclan (“fire-striker”).


Rīkaharduz

Rīkaharduz (nominative singular)
Rīkahardu (singular vocative)
Rīkahardų (accusative singular)
Rīkahardauz (genitive singular)
Rīkahardū (instrumental singular)

Proto-West Germanic: *Rīkahard

Old High German: Rīcohard, *Rīhhart

German: Richard, Rikard

→ Latin: Richardus

Old French: Richard

French: Richard

→ Middle English: Rycharde

English: Richard

Italian: Riccardo

Portuguese: Ricardo

Spanish: Ricardo

Old Norse: Ríkharðr

Icelandic: Ríkharður

From *rīks (“king, ruler”) + *harduz (“hard, brave”).


ansijō

ansijō (nominative singular)
ansijôz (nominative plural)
ansijō (singular vocative)
ansijôz (plural vocative)
ansijǭ (accusative singular)
ansijōz (accusative plural)
ansijōz (genitive singular)
ansijǫ̂ (genitive plural)
ansijōi (dative singular)
ansijōmaz (dative plural)
ansijō (instrumental singular)
ansijōmiz (instrumental plural)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *ansiju, *ą̄siju (North Sea Germanic)
Old Frisian: *ōse, *ōs
North Frisian: ous
Saterland Frisian: Oose
West Frisian: oes
Old Saxon: *ōsia
Middle Low German: ö̂se, oese, o̊se, ouse, osse
German Low German:
Dortmunder, Westphalian (Sauerländisch (Niedersfeld, Olpe)): Ööse
Old Prussian, Westphalian (Bentheimisch, East Westphalian (Lippe)): Öse
Sauerländisch: Oise, Öüse (Attendorn, Drolshagen), Ööese (Wenden)
→ Middle High German: ōse
German: Öse
>? Old High German: *ansa, ensa
→ Vulgar Latin: *ansia, *āsia (“loop, eyelet, pot handle, cup handle, arms akimbo, elbow room”) (possibly)
Old French: aise, eise (“elbow room, opportunity”)
Middle French: aise
French: aise
→ Middle English: ese
English: ease

Old Norse: æs

Icelandic: æs

Faroese: æs

Norwegian: æs

→ Proto-Finnic: *ohja (see there for further descendants)

From Proto-Indo-European *h₂ens-yeh₂. Cognate with Ancient Greek ἡνία pl (hēnía, “rein”), Latin ānsa (“handle”), Old Irish éisi pl (“reins”), Lithuanian ąsà (“jug handle”), Latvian ùoss (“jug handle”), Old Prussian ansis (“hook”).

handle (of a cup or bowl which forms a loop or half-loop)


walliz

walliz (masculine nominative singular strong)
wallijai (masculine nominative plural strong)
wallī (feminine nominative singular strong)
wallijôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
wallį (neuter nominative singular strong)
-jatō (neuter nominative singular strong)
wallijō (neuter nominative plural strong)
wallijanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
wallijanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
wallijǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
wallijōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
wallį (accusative neuter singular strong)
-jatō (accusative neuter singular strong)
wallijō (accusative neuter plural strong)
wallijas (genitive masculine singular strong)
wallīs (genitive masculine singular strong)
wallijaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
wallijaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
wallijaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
wallijas (genitive neuter singular strong)
wallīs (genitive neuter singular strong)
wallijaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
wallijammai (dative masculine singular strong)
wallijaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
wallijaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
wallijaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
wallijammai (dative neuter singular strong)
wallijaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
wallijanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
wallijaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
wallijaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
wallijaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
wallijanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
wallijaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
wallijô (masculine nominative singular weak)
wallijaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
wallijǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
wallijōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
wallijô (neuter nominative singular weak)
wallijōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
wallijanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
wallijanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
wallijōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
wallijōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
wallijô (accusative neuter singular weak)
wallijōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
wallīniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
wallijanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
wallijōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
wallijōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
wallīniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
wallijanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
wallīni (dative masculine singular weak)
wallijammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
wallijōni (dative feminine singular weak)
wallijōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
wallīni (dative neuter singular weak)
wallijammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
wallīnē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
wallijammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
wallijōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
wallijōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
wallīnē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
wallijammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

Old English: *wielle, (in compounds: cwicwielle, fisċwielle)

A verbal adjective derived from *wallaną.


wallaną

wallō (active first-person indicative singular)
wallaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
wallai (first-person indicative passive singular)
wallizi (active indicative second-person singular)
wallaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
wall (active imperative second-person singular)
wallazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
wallaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
wallidi (active indicative singular third-person)
wallai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
walladau (active imperative singular third-person)
walladai (indicative passive singular third-person)
wallaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
wallōz (active dual first-person indicative)
wallaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
walladiz (active dual indicative second-person)
wallaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
walladiz (active dual imperative second-person)
wallamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
wallaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
wallandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
wallaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
wallid (active indicative plural second-person)
wallaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
wallid (active imperative plural second-person)
wallandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
wallaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
wallandi (active indicative plural third-person)
wallain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
wallandau (active imperative plural third-person)
wallandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
wallaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
wewal (active first-person indicative singular)
wewall (active first-person indicative singular)
wewallį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
wewalt (active indicative second-person singular)
wewallt (active indicative second-person singular)
wewallīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
wewal (active indicative singular third-person)
wewall (active indicative singular third-person)
wewallī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
wewallū (active dual first-person indicative)
wewallīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
wewalludiz (active dual indicative second-person)
wewallīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
wewallum (active first-person indicative plural)
wewallīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
wewallud (active indicative plural second-person)
wewallīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
wewallun (active indicative plural third-person)
wewallīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
wallandz (active participle present)
wallanaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *wallan
Old English: wallan, weallan
Middle English: wallen
Scots: wall, wal
English: wall
Old Frisian: walla
(West Frisian: wâlje)
Old Saxon: wallan
Middle Low German: wallen
Old Dutch: wallan
Middle Dutch: wallen
Dutch: wallen
Old High German: wallan
Middle High German: wallen
German: wallen

From Pre-Germanic *wolH-n-, an o-grade intensive formation. Both *wallaną and e-grade *wellaną were probably created to the archaic zero-grade present *wulaną.


anadōną

anadō (active first-person indicative singular)
anadǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
anadōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
anadōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
anadōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
anadō (active imperative second-person singular)
anadōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
anadōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
anadōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
anadō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
anadōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
anadōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
anadōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
anadōs (active dual first-person indicative)
anadōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
anadōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
anadōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
anadōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
anadōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
anadōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
anadōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
anadōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
anadōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
anadōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
anadōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
anadōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
anadōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
anadōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
anadōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
anadōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
anadōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
anadōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
anadōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
anadōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
anadōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
anadōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
anadōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
anadōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
anadōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
anadōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
anadōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
anadōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
anadōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
anadōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
anadōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
anadōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
anadōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
anadōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
anadōndz (active participle present)
anadōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *anadōn
Old English: andian, andiġan
Middle English: anden, onden (through merger with the Old Norse form)
English: and, onde (dialectal)
Scots: ande, aind, eand
Old Saxon: andōn
Middle Low German: anden, ānden
Old Dutch: andon
Middle Dutch: anden
Old High German: antōn
Middle High German: anden
German: ahnden

Old Norse: anda

Icelandic: anda

Faroese: anda

Norwegian: ånde

Old Swedish: anda

Swedish: andas

Danish: ånde

Scanian: ánða

From *anadô (“breath, spirit, zeal”) + *-ōną.


Raginaharduz

Raginaharduz (nominative singular)
Raginahardu (singular vocative)
Raginahardų (accusative singular)
Raginahardauz (genitive singular)
Raginahardiwi (dative singular)
Raginahardū (instrumental singular)

Proto-West Germanic: *Raginahardu

Old Saxon: *Reginhard

Middle Low German: Reynārt (borrowed from French ?)

desc

⇒ Middle Low German: Reineke, Reyneke, Reynke

→ German: Reineke

Old Dutch: *Reginhard

Middle Dutch: Reynaerd

Dutch: Reinaart; Reintje

→ English: Reynard

Old High German: Reginhart

Middle High German: Reinhart

German: Reinhard

→ Old French: renart

Middle French: renard

French: renard

→ English: Reynard

→ Latin: Renartus

From *raginą (“decision, advice, counsel”) + *harduz (“hard, brave”).


arjaz

arjōzô (comparative)
arjōstaz (superlative)
arjaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
arjai (masculine nominative plural strong)
arjō (feminine nominative singular strong)
arjôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
arją (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
arjō (neuter nominative plural strong)
arjanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
arjanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
arjǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
arjōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
arją (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
arjō (accusative neuter plural strong)
arjas (genitive masculine singular strong)
-is (genitive masculine singular strong)
arjaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
arjaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
arjaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
arjas (genitive neuter singular strong)
-is (genitive neuter singular strong)
arjaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
arjammai (dative masculine singular strong)
arjaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
arjaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
arjaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
arjammai (dative neuter singular strong)
arjaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
arjanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
arjaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
arjaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
arjaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
arjanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
arjaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
arjô (masculine nominative singular weak)
arjaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
arjǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
arjōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
arjô (neuter nominative singular weak)
arjōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
arjanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
arjanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
arjōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
arjōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
arjô (accusative neuter singular weak)
arjōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
ariniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
arjanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
arjōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
arjōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
ariniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
arjanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
arini (dative masculine singular weak)
arjammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
arjōni (dative feminine singular weak)
arjōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
arini (dative neuter singular weak)
arjammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
arinē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
arjammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
arjōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
arjōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
arinē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
arjammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

*arjaz (ja-stem)

Proto-West Germanic: *ari

Proto-Norse: *ᚨᚱᛃᚨᛉ (*arjaʀ) (attested in ᚨᚱᛃᛟᛊᛏᛖᛉ (arjosteʀ))

Old Norse: *err

Gothic: *𐌰𐍂𐌾𐌹𐍃 (*arjis)

From Proto-Indo-European *h₂eryos. Cognate with Sanskrit आर्य (ārya, “kind, hospitable”), Proto-Celtic *aryos (“nobleman, free man”).


swellaną

swellō (active first-person indicative singular)
swellaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
swellai (first-person indicative passive singular)
swillizi (active indicative second-person singular)
swellaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
swell (active imperative second-person singular)
swellazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
swellaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
swillidi (active indicative singular third-person)
swellai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
swelladau (active imperative singular third-person)
swelladai (indicative passive singular third-person)
swellaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
swellōz (active dual first-person indicative)
swellaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
swelladiz (active dual indicative second-person)
swellaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
swelladiz (active dual imperative second-person)
swellamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
swellaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
swellandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
swellaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
swillid (active indicative plural second-person)
swellaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
swillid (active imperative plural second-person)
swellandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
swellaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
swellandi (active indicative plural third-person)
swellain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
swellandau (active imperative plural third-person)
swellandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
swellaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
swall (active first-person indicative singular)
swullį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
swallt (active indicative second-person singular)
swullīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
swall (active indicative singular third-person)
swullī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
swullū (active dual first-person indicative)
swullīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
swulludiz (active dual indicative second-person)
swullīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
swullum (active first-person indicative plural)
swullīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
swullud (active indicative plural second-person)
swullīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
swullun (active indicative plural third-person)
swullīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
swellandz (active participle present)
swullanaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Old English: swellan

Middle English: swellen

Scots: swell

English: swell

Old Frisian: swella

Saterland Frisian: swälle

West Frisian: swolle; (swolgje)

Old Saxon: swellan

Middle Low German: swellen, swillen

Low German: swellen

Plautdietsch: schwalen

desctree

Old Dutch: *swellan
Middle Dutch: swellen
Dutch: zwellen
Limburgish: zwèlle

Old High German: swellan

Middle High German: swëllen

German: schwellen

Luxembourgish: schwëllen

Old Norse: svella

Icelandic: svella

Faroese: svella

Norwegian: svelle

Old Swedish: svælla

Swedish: svälla

(Danish: svulme)

Unknown. Perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *swel- (“to swell”) or *swelH- (Melchert, 2005).


þinhslō

þinhslō (nominative singular)
þinhslôz (nominative plural)
þinhslō (singular vocative)
þinhslôz (plural vocative)
þinhslǭ (accusative singular)
þinhslōz (accusative plural)
þinhslōz (genitive singular)
þinhslǫ̂ (genitive plural)
þinhslōi (dative singular)
þinhslōmaz (dative plural)
þinhslō (instrumental singular)
þinhslōmiz (instrumental plural)

Proto-West Germanic: *þį̄hslu
Old English: þīxl, þīsl
Old Frisian: *thīxl, *thixl
West Frisian: tiksel
Old Saxon: thīsla, thīhsla, thīhsala, thessalia, thesla
Middle Low German: dîhsele, dîsle, dîsel, dîstel, dîssel
German Low German: Dießel
→ Saterland Frisian: Diesel
Old Dutch: *thīhsala
Middle Dutch: diesele, dissel
Dutch: dissel
West Flemish: dijsel
Old High German: dīhsala, dīhsila
Middle High German: dīhsele, dīhsel, dīsle
German: Deichsel

Old Norse: þísl

Icelandic: þísl

Old Swedish: þistl

Swedish: tistel

/ˈθĩːx.slɔː/

Uncertain. Seemingly from Proto-Indo-European *tengʰs(e)leh₂, derived from the root *tengʰ- (“to pull, stretch, tensen”); Kroonen however is skeptical. In any case, compare Latin tēmō (“pole, yoke-beam”) and Old Prussian teansis (“drawbar”).


-atją

-atją (nominative singular)
-atjō (nominative plural)
-atją (singular vocative)
-atjō (plural vocative)
-atją (accusative singular)
-atjō (accusative plural)
-atjas (genitive singular)
-atis (genitive singular)
-atjǫ̂ (genitive plural)
-atjai (dative singular)
-atjamaz (dative plural)
-atjō (instrumental singular)
-atjamiz (instrumental plural)

Old English: -ett, -et (genitive -ettes)

Old High German: -az, -ez

Suffix denoting the action of verbs ending in *-atjaną, used similarly as Modern English -age, -ation, -isation, -ism.


hleumundaz

hleumundaz (nominative singular)
hleumundōz (nominative plural)
hleumundōs (nominative plural)
hleumund (singular vocative)
hleumundōz (plural vocative)
hleumundōs (plural vocative)
hleumundą (accusative singular)
hleumundanz (accusative plural)
hleumundas (genitive singular)
hleumundis (genitive singular)
hleumundǫ̂ (genitive plural)
hleumundai (dative singular)
hleumundamaz (dative plural)
hleumundō (instrumental singular)
hleumundamiz (instrumental plural)

Proto-West Germanic: *hleumund
Old Saxon: *hliumand
Middle Low German: lǖmunt, lîmunt
⇒ Old Saxon: *hliumandig
⇒ Old Saxon: mishliumandig
Old Dutch: *liumund
Middle Dutch: lumont
Old High German: hliumunt, liumunt
Middle High German: liumunt
German: Leumund

Likely originally neuter, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱléwmn̥tom, extension and thematicization of *ḱléwmn̥, from *ḱlew- (“to hear”). Cognate to Sanskrit श्रोमत (śromata, “fame”).


aihtēr

aihtēr (nominative singular)
aihtriz (nominative plural)
aihter (singular vocative)
aihtriz (plural vocative)
aihterų (accusative singular)
aihtrunz (accusative plural)
aihturz (genitive singular)
aihtrǫ̂ (genitive plural)
aihtri (dative singular)
aihtrumaz (dative plural)
aihtrē (instrumental singular)
aihtrumiz (instrumental plural)

→ Proto-Samic: *ājttërë

Southern Sami: aajtere

Ume Sami: ájttare

Lule Sami: ájtar

Northern Sami: áittar

From *aiganą + reflex of Proto-Indo-European *-tḗr. Compare Sanskrit ईशितृ (īśitṛ, “owner, proprietor”).


fraisōną

fraisō (active first-person indicative singular)
fraisǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
fraisōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
fraisōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
fraisōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
fraisō (active imperative second-person singular)
fraisōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
fraisōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
fraisōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
fraisō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
fraisōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
fraisōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
fraisōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
fraisōs (active dual first-person indicative)
fraisōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
fraisōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
fraisōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
fraisōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
fraisōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
fraisōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
fraisōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
fraisōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
fraisōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
fraisōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
fraisōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
fraisōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
fraisōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
fraisōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
fraisōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
fraisōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
fraisōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
fraisōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
fraisōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
fraisōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
fraisōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
fraisōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
fraisōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
fraisōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
fraisōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
fraisōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
fraisōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
fraisōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
fraisōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
fraisōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
fraisōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
fraisōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
fraisōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
fraisōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
fraisōndz (active participle present)
fraisōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *fraisōn

Old English: frāsian

Middle English: fraisen

Scots: fraise, fraize, phrase

English: fraise

Old Frisian: *frāsia, *frēsia

Saterland Frisian: freezje

West Frisian: freezje, freze

Old Saxon: frēsōn

Middle Low German: vrêsen

Old Dutch: *frēson

Middle Dutch: vrêsen

Dutch: vrezen

Old High German: freisōn

Middle High German: vreisen

German: freisen

Old Norse: *freisa (possibly giving rise to the Middle English word)

/ˈɸrɑi̯.sɔː.nɑ̃/

From Proto-Indo-European *per- (“to go forth, risk, try”). Equivalent to *fraisō (“fear”) + *-ōną.


flaizô

gem-decl-adj-table

*flaizô (n-stem)

flaizô (masculine nominative singular)
flaizaniz (masculine nominative plural)
flaizǭ (feminine nominative singular)
flaizōniz (feminine nominative plural)
flaizô (neuter nominative singular)
flaizōnō (neuter nominative plural)
flaizanų (accusative masculine singular)
flaizanunz (accusative masculine plural)
flaizōnų (accusative feminine singular)
flaizōnunz (accusative feminine plural)
flaizô (accusative neuter singular)
flaizōnō (accusative neuter plural)
flaiziniz (genitive masculine singular)
flaizanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural)
flaizōniz (feminine genitive singular)
flaizōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural)
flaiziniz (genitive neuter singular)
flaizanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural)
flaizini (dative masculine singular)
flaizammaz (dative masculine plural)
flaizōni (dative feminine singular)
flaizōmaz (dative feminine plural)
flaizini (dative neuter singular)
flaizammaz (dative neuter plural)
flaizinē (instrumental masculine singular)
flaizammiz (instrumental masculine plural)
flaizōnē (feminine instrumental singular)
flaizōmiz (feminine instrumental plural)
flaizinē (instrumental neuter singular)
flaizammiz (instrumental neuter plural)

Old Norse: fleiri

Icelandic: fleiri

Faroese: fleiri

Norwegian: flere, fleire

Old Swedish: flēre

Swedish: flera, fler

/ˈɸlɑi̯.zɔːː/

From Pre-Germanic *plóh₁-ison-, comparative of *feluz, *felu. Related to Ancient Greek πλείων (pleíōn, “more”), Latin plūs (“more”).


flaistaz

*flaistaz (a-stem)

flaistaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
flaistai (masculine nominative plural strong)
flaistō (feminine nominative singular strong)
flaistôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
flaistą (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
flaistō (neuter nominative plural strong)
flaistanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
flaistanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
flaistǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
flaistōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
flaistą (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
flaistō (accusative neuter plural strong)
flaistas (genitive masculine singular strong)
-is (genitive masculine singular strong)
flaistaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
flaistaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
flaistaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
flaistas (genitive neuter singular strong)
-is (genitive neuter singular strong)
flaistaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
flaistammai (dative masculine singular strong)
flaistaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
flaistaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
flaistaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
flaistammai (dative neuter singular strong)
flaistaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
flaistanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
flaistaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
flaistaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
flaistaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
flaistanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
flaistaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
flaistô (masculine nominative singular weak)
flaistaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
flaistǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
flaistōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
flaistô (neuter nominative singular weak)
flaistōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
flaistanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
flaistanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
flaistōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
flaistōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
flaistô (accusative neuter singular weak)
flaistōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
flaistiniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
flaistanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
flaistōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
flaistōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
flaistiniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
flaistanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
flaistini (dative masculine singular weak)
flaistammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
flaistōni (dative feminine singular weak)
flaistōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
flaistini (dative neuter singular weak)
flaistammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
flaistinē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
flaistammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
flaistōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
flaistōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
flaistinē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
flaistammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

desctree

Old Norse: flestr
Icelandic: flestur
Faroese: flestur
Norwegian Nynorsk: flest
Norwegian Bokmål: flest
Old Swedish: flæster
Swedish: flest
Danish: flest


felufaihaz

*felufaihaz (a-stem)

felufaihaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
felufaihai (masculine nominative plural strong)
felufaihō (feminine nominative singular strong)
felufaihôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
felufaihą (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
felufaihō (neuter nominative plural strong)
felufaihanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
felufaihanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
felufaihǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
felufaihōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
felufaihą (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
felufaihō (accusative neuter plural strong)
felufaihas (genitive masculine singular strong)
-is (genitive masculine singular strong)
felufaihaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
felufaihaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
felufaihaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
felufaihas (genitive neuter singular strong)
-is (genitive neuter singular strong)
felufaihaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
felufaihammai (dative masculine singular strong)
felufaihaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
felufaihaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
felufaihaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
felufaihammai (dative neuter singular strong)
felufaihaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
felufaihanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
felufaihaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
felufaihaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
felufaihaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
felufaihanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
felufaihaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
felufaihô (masculine nominative singular weak)
felufaihaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
felufaihǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
felufaihōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
felufaihô (neuter nominative singular weak)
felufaihōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
felufaihanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
felufaihanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
felufaihōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
felufaihōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
felufaihô (accusative neuter singular weak)
felufaihōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
felufaihiniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
felufaihanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
felufaihōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
felufaihōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
felufaihiniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
felufaihanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
felufaihini (dative masculine singular weak)
felufaihammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
felufaihōni (dative feminine singular weak)
felufaihōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
felufaihini (dative neuter singular weak)
felufaihammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
felufaihinē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
felufaihammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
felufaihōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
felufaihōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
felufaihinē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
felufaihammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

Gothic: 𐍆𐌹𐌻𐌿𐍆𐌰𐌹𐌷𐍃 (filufaihs)

Compound of *felu + *faihaz. Compare Ancient Greek πολυποίκιλος (polupoíkilos, “much variegated, manifold”), Sanskrit पुरुपेश (purupeśa, “multiform”).

cog

πολυποίκιλος


murhǭ

murhǭ (nominative singular)
murhōniz (nominative plural)
murhǭ (singular vocative)
murhōniz (plural vocative)
murhōnų (accusative singular)
murhōnunz (accusative plural)
murhōniz (genitive singular)
murhōnǫ̂ (genitive plural)
murhōni (dative singular)
murhōmaz (dative plural)
murhōnē (instrumental singular)
murhōmiz (instrumental plural)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *morhā
Old English: more
Middle English: more, moore, morre
English: more (dialectal)
→ Welsh: moron
Old Saxon: morha
Middle Low German: more, mȫre
⇒ German Low German: Mohrenkopp
→⇒ Swedish: morot
Old Dutch: *mora
Middle Dutch: mōre
Limburgish: moer
Old High German: morha, moraha
Middle High German: morhe, morche
German: Möhre
⇒ German: Mohrrübe
Luxembourgish: Muert
Yiddish: מייער (meyer)

Old Norse: mura

Icelandic: mura

Faroese: mura

Norwegian:

Norwegian Bokmål: mure

Norwegian Nynorsk: mure

Swedish: morot

Uncertain; presumably cognate with Proto-Slavic *mъrky (“carrot”), suggesting Proto-Indo-European *mérkuh₂ ~ *mr̥kwéh₂, however perhaps instead a Wanderwort, compare Proto-North Caucasian *mɨ̆rꝗwă (“root, carrot”). Disputedly related to Ancient Greek βράκανα (brákana, “wild vegetables”), βάκανον (bákanon, “cabbage(-seed)”), otherwise thought to be of Pre-Greek origin.


fanþijaną

fanþijō (active first-person indicative singular)
fanþijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
fanþijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
fanþīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
fanþijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
fanþī (active imperative second-person singular)
fanþijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
fanþijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
fanþīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
fanþijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
fanþijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
fanþijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
fanþijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
fanþijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
fanþijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
fanþijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
fanþijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
fanþijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
fanþijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
fanþijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
fanþijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
fanþijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
fanþīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
fanþijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
fanþīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
fanþijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
fanþijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
fanþijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
fanþijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
fanþijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
fanþijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
fanþijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
fanþidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
fanþidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
fanþidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
fanþidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
fanþidē (active indicative singular third-person)
fanþidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
fanþidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
fanþidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
fanþidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
fanþidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
fanþidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
fanþidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
fanþidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
fanþidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
fanþidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
fanþidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
fanþijandz (active participle present)
fanþidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic:

Old English: fēþan

Likely derived from a lost substantive *fanþ-, from Proto-Indo-European *pónth₁s, *pónteh₁s. For the noun, compare Ancient Greek πόντος (póntos, “sea”), Sanskrit पन्था (panthā), पथ (patha, “road, way”), Latin pōns (“bridge”). For the derived verb, compare Ancient Greek πατέω (patéō, “to tread, walk”), Sanskrit पन्थति (panthati) or पन्थयति (panthayati, “to go, move”).


stadaz

*stadaz (a-stem)

stadaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
stadai (masculine nominative plural strong)
stadō (feminine nominative singular strong)
stadôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
stadą (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
stadō (neuter nominative plural strong)
stadanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
stadanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
stadǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
stadōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
stadą (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
stadō (accusative neuter plural strong)
stadas (genitive masculine singular strong)
-is (genitive masculine singular strong)
stadaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
stadaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
stadaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
stadas (genitive neuter singular strong)
-is (genitive neuter singular strong)
stadaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
stadammai (dative masculine singular strong)
stadaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
stadaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
stadaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
stadammai (dative neuter singular strong)
stadaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
stadanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
stadaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
stadaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
stadaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
stadanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
stadaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
stadô (masculine nominative singular weak)
stadaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
stadǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
stadōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
stadô (neuter nominative singular weak)
stadōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
stadanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
stadanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
stadōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
stadōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
stadô (accusative neuter singular weak)
stadōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
stadiniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
stadanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
stadōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
stadōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
stadiniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
stadanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
stadini (dative masculine singular weak)
stadammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
stadōni (dative feminine singular weak)
stadōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
stadini (dative neuter singular weak)
stadammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
stadinē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
stadammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
stadōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
stadōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
stadinē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
stadammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

Old Norse: staðr

Icelandic: staður

From Proto-Indo-European *sth₂tós, verbal adjective formation from *steh₂- (“to stand”). Cognate with Ancient Greek στατός (statós, “placed, standing”), Sanskrit स्थित (sthita, “standing”), Latin status (“fixed, set”).


swōnō

swōnō (nominative singular)
swōnôz (nominative plural)
swōnō (singular vocative)
swōnôz (plural vocative)
swōnǭ (accusative singular)
swōnōz (accusative plural)
swōnōz (genitive singular)
swōnǫ̂ (genitive plural)
swōnōi (dative singular)
swōnōmaz (dative plural)
swōnō (instrumental singular)
swōnōmiz (instrumental plural)

Proto-West Germanic: *swōnu

Old Frisian: sōne

North Frisian: sone

Saterland Frisian: Soune, Soon

West Frisian: soen

Old Saxon: *swōna, sōna

Middle Low German: swône, sône; swö̂ne, sö̂n

Old Dutch: *suona

Middle Dutch: soene

Dutch: zoen

Afrikaans: soen

Old High German: suona

Middle High German: suone; süene

German: Sühne

Old Norse: són; sonar-

Icelandic: són

Uncertain; one theory derives the term from Proto-Indo-European *swā-n- (“healthy; whole; active; vigorous”), and compares it with Latin sānus (“healthy”).


hleuzą

hleuzą (nominative singular)
hleuzō (nominative plural)
hleuzą (singular vocative)
hleuzō (plural vocative)
hleuzą (accusative singular)
hleuzō (accusative plural)
hleuzas (genitive singular)
hliuzis (genitive singular)
hleuzǫ̂ (genitive plural)
hliuzai (dative singular)
hleuzamaz (dative plural)
hleuzō (instrumental singular)
hleuzamiz (instrumental plural)

Proto-West Germanic: *hleuʀ

Old English: hlēor

Middle English: leor, ler, lere

Scots: lere

English: leer

Old Saxon: hlior, hleor

Middle Low German: lêr

Old Dutch: *hleura (attested in thunnichleura), *hlior, *lior

Middle Dutch: liere, lier

Dutch: lier

Old Norse: hlýr

Icelandic: hlýr

Swedish: lyra

→ Middle English: lire, lyre

Scots: lire, lyre

From Proto-Indo-European *ḱlews- (“side of the head, temple, ear”), from *ḱlew- (“to hear; fame, renown, glory”).

side of the head or face; profile; cheek


walwijaną

walwijō (active first-person indicative singular)
walwijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
walwijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
walwīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
walwijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
walwī (active imperative second-person singular)
walwijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
walwijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
walwīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
walwijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
walwijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
walwijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
walwijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
walwijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
walwijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
walwijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
walwijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
walwijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
walwijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
walwijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
walwijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
walwijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
walwīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
walwijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
walwīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
walwijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
walwijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
walwijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
walwijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
walwijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
walwijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
walwijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
walwidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
walwidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
walwidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
walwidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
walwidē (active indicative singular third-person)
walwidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
walwidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
walwidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
walwidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
walwidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
walwidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
walwidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
walwidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
walwidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
walwidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
walwidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
walwijandz (active participle present)
walwidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *walwijan

desctree

Old English: wielwan, wylwan, wilwan, welwan, wilwian, wilian, wiliġan, wylian, welian
Middle English: welwen (“to roll”)

⇒ Proto-West Germanic: *walwōn

Old English: wealwian, wealowian, wealuwian, wealowiġan
Middle English: walwen
English: wallow
Scots: wallow

Gothic: *𐍅𐌰𐌻𐍅𐌾𐌰𐌽 (*walwjan)

⇒ Gothic: 𐌰𐍄𐍅𐌰𐌻𐍅𐌾𐌰𐌽 (atwalwjan)

⇒ Gothic: 𐌰𐍆𐍅𐌰𐌻𐍅𐌾𐌰𐌽 (afwalwjan)

⇒ Gothic: 𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍅𐌰𐌻𐍅𐌾𐌰𐌽 (faurwalwjan)

→? Proto-Finnic: *valvadak (see there for further descendants)

From Proto-Indo-European *welw- (“to turn, wind, roll”), from *welH- (“to turn, wind, roll”). Cognate with Latin volvō (“roll”).


barjaną

barjō (active first-person indicative singular)
barjaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
barjai (first-person indicative passive singular)
barisi (active indicative second-person singular)
barjais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
bari (active imperative second-person singular)
barjasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
barjaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
bariþi (active indicative singular third-person)
barjai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
barjaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
barjaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
barjaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
barjōs (active dual first-person indicative)
barjaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
barjaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
barjaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
barjaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
barjamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
barjaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
barjanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
barjainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
bariþ (active indicative plural second-person)
barjaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
bariþ (active imperative plural second-person)
barjanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
barjainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
barjanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
barjain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
barjanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
barjanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
barjainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
baridǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
baridēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
baridēz (active indicative second-person singular)
baridēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
baridē (active indicative singular third-person)
baridēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
baridēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
baridēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
baridēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
baridēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
baridēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
baridēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
baridēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
baridēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
baridēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
baridēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
barjandz (active participle present)
baridaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *barjan
Old English: berian (attested as ġebered (ppt))
Middle English: berien, beryen
Scots: berrie, berry, barrie
English: berry (verb)
(Old Frisian: ber)
Old High German: berjan, perjan, berien, *berren
Middle High German: berjen, berren, beren, bern
German: beren

Old Norse: berja

Icelandic: berja

Faroese: berja

Norwegian: berja, berje

Old Swedish: bæria

Swedish: bärja

Old Danish: bærie

Danish: bærje

Elfdalian: berras

From Proto-Indo-European *bʰerH- (“to pierce, strike”). Cognate with Latin ferīre (“to beat, strike”), Proto-Slavic *borniti (“to defend”).


harduhertaz

*harduhertaz (a-stem)

harduhertaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
harduhertai (masculine nominative plural strong)
harduhertō (feminine nominative singular strong)
harduhertôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
harduhertą (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
harduhertō (neuter nominative plural strong)
harduhertanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
harduhertanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
harduhertǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
harduhertōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
harduhertą (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
harduhertō (accusative neuter plural strong)
harduhertas (genitive masculine singular strong)
-is (genitive masculine singular strong)
harduhertaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
harduhertaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
harduhertaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
harduhertas (genitive neuter singular strong)
-is (genitive neuter singular strong)
harduhertaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
harduhertammai (dative masculine singular strong)
harduhertaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
harduhertaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
harduhertaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
harduhertammai (dative neuter singular strong)
harduhertaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
harduhertanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
harduhertaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
harduhertaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
harduhertaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
harduhertanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
harduhertaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
harduhertô (masculine nominative singular weak)
harduhertaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
harduhertǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
harduhertōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
harduhertô (neuter nominative singular weak)
harduhertōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
harduhertanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
harduhertanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
harduhertōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
harduhertōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
harduhertô (accusative neuter singular weak)
harduhertōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
harduhertiniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
harduhertanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
harduhertōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
harduhertōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
harduhertiniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
harduhertanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
harduhertini (dative masculine singular weak)
harduhertammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
harduhertōni (dative feminine singular weak)
harduhertōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
harduhertini (dative neuter singular weak)
harduhertammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
harduhertinē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
harduhertammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
harduhertōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
harduhertōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
harduhertinē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
harduhertammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

Old English: heardheort

Middle English: hardhert

desc

*𐌷𐌰𐍂𐌳𐌿𐌷𐌰𐌹𐍂𐍄𐍃

𐌷𐌰𐍂𐌳𐌿𐌷𐌰𐌹𐍂𐍄𐌴𐌹

Gothic: *𐌷𐌰𐍂𐌳𐌿𐌷𐌰𐌹𐍂𐍄𐍃 (*harduhairts), 𐌷𐌰𐍂𐌳𐌿𐌷𐌰𐌹𐍂𐍄𐌴𐌹 (harduhairtei)


garaidijaną

garaidijō (active first-person indicative singular)
garaidijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
garaidijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
garaidīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
garaidijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
garaidī (active imperative second-person singular)
garaidijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
garaidijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
garaidīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
garaidijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
garaidijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
garaidijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
garaidijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
garaidijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
garaidijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
garaidijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
garaidijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
garaidijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
garaidijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
garaidijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
garaidijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
garaidijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
garaidīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
garaidijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
garaidīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
garaidijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
garaidijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
garaidijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
garaidijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
garaidijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
garaidijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
garaidijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
garaididǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
garaididēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
garaididēz (active indicative second-person singular)
garaididēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
garaididē (active indicative singular third-person)
garaididēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
garaididēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
garaididēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
garaididēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
garaididēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
garaididēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
garaididēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
garaididēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
garaididēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
garaididēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
garaididēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
garaidijandz (active participle present)
garaididaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *garaidijan
Old English: ġerǣdan
Middle English: geræden, gereden, ȝeræden, ireden
English: ready (partly backformed from the adjective)
Old Saxon: *girēdian
Middle Low German: gerêden
Old Dutch: *gireiden, *girēden
Middle Dutch: gereiden, gerêden
Dutch: gereden, gereiden (obsolete or dialectal)
Old High German: *gireiten (suggested by derivatives: gireitungī, gireitnissī, etc.)
Middle High German: gereiten

Old Norse: greiða
Icelandic: greiða
Faroese: greiða
Norwegian: (dialectal) greia, greide
Norwegian Nynorsk: greia, greida
Norwegian Bokmål: greie
→ Danish: greje
→ Swedish: greja
Swedish: gre, greda
Danish: grede
Norwegian Bokmål: gre
→ Middle English: graithen, greithen
English: graith
Scots: graith
→ Old French: greer, greier
French: gréer

Gothic: 𐌲𐌰𐍂𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌽 (garaidjan)

From *garaidaz (“ready, prepared”) + *-janą.


kwerraną

kwerrō (active first-person indicative singular)
kwerraų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
kwerrai (first-person indicative passive singular)
kwirrizi (active indicative second-person singular)
kwerraiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
kwerr (active imperative second-person singular)
kwerrazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
kwerraizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
kwirridi (active indicative singular third-person)
kwerrai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
kwerradau (active imperative singular third-person)
kwerradai (indicative passive singular third-person)
kwerraidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
kwerrōz (active dual first-person indicative)
kwerraiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
kwerradiz (active dual indicative second-person)
kwerraidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
kwerradiz (active dual imperative second-person)
kwerramaz (active first-person indicative plural)
kwerraim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
kwerrandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
kwerraindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
kwirrid (active indicative plural second-person)
kwerraid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
kwirrid (active imperative plural second-person)
kwerrandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
kwerraindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
kwerrandi (active indicative plural third-person)
kwerrain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
kwerrandau (active imperative plural third-person)
kwerrandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
kwerraindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
kwar (active first-person indicative singular)
kwarr (active first-person indicative singular)
kurrį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
kwart (active indicative second-person singular)
kwarrt (active indicative second-person singular)
kurrīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
kwar (active indicative singular third-person)
kwarr (active indicative singular third-person)
kurrī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
kurrū (active dual first-person indicative)
kurrīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
kurrudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
kurrīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
kurrum (active first-person indicative plural)
kurrīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
kurrud (active indicative plural second-person)
kurrīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
kurrun (active indicative plural third-person)
kurrīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
kwerrandz (active participle present)
kurranaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *kwerran

Old English: ācweorran, acworren

From Proto-Indo-European *gʷerh₃- (“to devour”).


kwerþrą

kwerþrą (nominative singular)
kwerþrō (nominative plural)
kwerþrą (singular vocative)
kwerþrō (plural vocative)
kwerþrą (accusative singular)
kwerþrō (accusative plural)
kwerþras (genitive singular)
kwirþris (genitive singular)
kwerþrǫ̂ (genitive plural)
kwirþrai (dative singular)
kwerþramaz (dative plural)
kwerþrō (instrumental singular)
kwerþramiz (instrumental plural)

Old High German: querdar

Middle High German: querder

German: Köder

From Pre-Germanic *gʷérh₃trom, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷerh₃- (“to devour”).


kwerþrą

desc

Middle Low German: querder, querdel, korder

Old High German: querdar

From Pre-Germanic *gʷértrom, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷer- (“to cut up, off”). Compare Hittite 𒆪𒅕 (ku-er, “to cut up”), although Kloekhorst reconstructs a different root.


lōmaz

lōmaz (nominative singular)
lōmōz (nominative plural)
lōmōs (nominative plural)
lōm (singular vocative)
lōmōz (plural vocative)
lōmōs (plural vocative)
lōmą (accusative singular)
lōmanz (accusative plural)
lōmas (genitive singular)
lōmis (genitive singular)
lōmǫ̂ (genitive plural)
lōmai (dative singular)
lōmamaz (dative plural)
lōmō (instrumental singular)
lōmamiz (instrumental plural)

Old Norse: *lómr, in compound lómbragð

Icelandic: lómur

Norwegian: lom

From Pre-Germanic *loh₁umos, related to *lēwą.


terwaz

terwaz (nominative singular)
terwōz (nominative plural)
terwōs (nominative plural)
terw (singular vocative)
terwōz (plural vocative)
terwōs (plural vocative)
terwą (accusative singular)
terwanz (accusative plural)
terwas (genitive singular)
tirwis (genitive singular)
terwǫ̂ (genitive plural)
tirwai (dative singular)
terwamaz (dative plural)
terwō (instrumental singular)
terwamiz (instrumental plural)

Old Norse: tjǫrr

Swedish: tjor, tjur (dialectal)

From Pre-Germanic *derwos, derived from or related to *terwą (“tar”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *deru- (“wood”).

(North Germanic) handle of resinous wood


terwą

terwą (nominative singular)
terwō (nominative plural)
terwą (singular vocative)
terwō (plural vocative)
terwą (accusative singular)
terwō (accusative plural)
terwas (genitive singular)
tirwis (genitive singular)
terwǫ̂ (genitive plural)
tirwai (dative singular)
terwamaz (dative plural)
terwō (instrumental singular)
terwamiz (instrumental plural)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *teru
Old English: teoru
Middle English: ter, terr, tarr
English: tar
Scots: terr, ter, tar
Old Frisian: tere
North Frisian: tjär
Saterland Frisian: Taar
West Frisian: tarre, tar
Old Saxon: *tero
Middle Low German: tēre, tēr
→ German: Teer
→ Rhine Franconian: Zeer (northern Hessian; likely borrowed and adapted)
Old Dutch: *tero
Middle Dutch: terre, teer, tar
Dutch: teer
Afrikaans: teer

Old Norse: tjara (replacing *tjǫrva < *terwǭ)

Danish: tjære

Faroese: tjøra

Icelandic: tjara

Norwegian Bokmål: tjære

Norwegian Nynorsk: tjære

Old Swedish: tiæra

Swedish: tjära

→ Proto-Finnic: *tërva

→ Proto-Samic: *tërvē

From Pre-Germanic *derwom, derived from Proto-Indo-European *dóru. Related to Lithuanian derva (“resin, tar”).


hurskaz

*hurskaz (a-stem)

hurskaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
hurskai (masculine nominative plural strong)
hurskō (feminine nominative singular strong)
hurskôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
hurską (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
hurskō (neuter nominative plural strong)
hurskanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
hurskanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
hurskǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
hurskōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
hurską (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
hurskō (accusative neuter plural strong)
hurskas (genitive masculine singular strong)
-is (genitive masculine singular strong)
hurskaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
hurskaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
hurskaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
hurskas (genitive neuter singular strong)
-is (genitive neuter singular strong)
hurskaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
hurskammai (dative masculine singular strong)
hurskaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
hurskaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
hurskaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
hurskammai (dative neuter singular strong)
hurskaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
hurskanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
hurskaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
hurskaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
hurskaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
hurskanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
hurskaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
hurskô (masculine nominative singular weak)
hurskaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
hurskǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
hurskōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
hurskô (neuter nominative singular weak)
hurskōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
hurskanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
hurskanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
hurskōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
hurskōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
hurskô (accusative neuter singular weak)
hurskōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
hurskiniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
hurskanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
hurskōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
hurskōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
hurskiniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
hurskanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
hurskini (dative masculine singular weak)
hurskammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
hurskōni (dative feminine singular weak)
hurskōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
hurskini (dative neuter singular weak)
hurskammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
hurskinē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
hurskammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
hurskōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
hurskōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
hurskinē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
hurskammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

Proto-West Germanic: *horsk

Old English: horsċ

Old Frisian: rosk, rosch

Old Saxon: horsk

Old Dutch: horsk, horsc

Old High German: horsc, *horsk

Old Norse: horskr

Icelandic: horskur

→ Proto-Finnic: *hurskas (see there for further descendants)

From Proto-Indo-European *ḱers- (“to run, race, speed, hurry”). Cognate with Latin currō (“run”).
Alternative etymology derives from Proto-Indo-European *kerd- (“wise, clever, skillful”).


teldaną

teldō (active first-person indicative singular)
teldaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
teldai (first-person indicative passive singular)
tildizi (active indicative second-person singular)
teldaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
teld (active imperative second-person singular)
teldazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
teldaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
tildidi (active indicative singular third-person)
teldai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
teldadau (active imperative singular third-person)
teldadai (indicative passive singular third-person)
teldaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
teldōz (active dual first-person indicative)
teldaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
teldadiz (active dual indicative second-person)
teldaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
teldadiz (active dual imperative second-person)
teldamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
teldaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
teldandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
teldaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
tildid (active indicative plural second-person)
teldaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
tildid (active imperative plural second-person)
teldandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
teldaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
teldandi (active indicative plural third-person)
teldain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
teldandau (active imperative plural third-person)
teldandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
teldaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
tald (active first-person indicative singular)
tuldį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
talst (active indicative second-person singular)
tuldīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
tald (active indicative singular third-person)
tuldī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
tuldū (active dual first-person indicative)
tuldīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
tuldudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
tuldīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
tuldum (active first-person indicative plural)
tuldīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
tuldud (active indicative plural second-person)
tuldīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
tuldun (active indicative plural third-person)
tuldīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
teldandz (active participle present)
tuldanaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *teldan

Old English: *teldan

⇒ Old English: beteldan

q

Norwegian: tjalða (a weak verb, possibly from *teldōną instead)

Uncertain. Possibly derived from Proto-Indo-European *delH- (“to flatten, spread out”), with an extension -dʰ-, maybe *dʰeh₁- (“to put”), giving *delHdʰh₁- (“to put flat”).


hurskijaną

hurskijō (active first-person indicative singular)
hurskijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
hurskijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
hurskīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
hurskijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
hurskī (active imperative second-person singular)
hurskijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
hurskijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
hurskīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
hurskijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
hurskijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
hurskijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
hurskijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
hurskijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
hurskijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
hurskijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
hurskijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
hurskijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
hurskijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
hurskijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
hurskijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
hurskijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
hurskīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
hurskijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
hurskīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
hurskijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
hurskijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
hurskijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
hurskijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
hurskijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
hurskijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
hurskijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
hurskidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
hurskidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
hurskidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
hurskidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
hurskidē (active indicative singular third-person)
hurskidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
hurskidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
hurskidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
hurskidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
hurskidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
hurskidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
hurskidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
hurskidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
hurskidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
hurskidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
hurskidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
hurskijandz (active participle present)
hurskidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *hurskijan

Old English: *hyrsċan, hrysċan

desc

Middle English: hourshen, ruschen, russhen

Scots: rusch

English: rush

⇒ Middle English: horsinge

Old High German: hurscen, hursken, hursgen

(Middle High German: hurren)

⇒ Old High German: gihursken

⇒ Old High German: irhursken

Gothic: *𐌷𐍂𐌿𐍃𐌺𐌰𐌽 (*hruskan) (< *hurskāną?)

⇒ Gothic: 𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌷𐍂𐌿𐍃𐌺𐌰𐌽 (andhruskan)


sprutô

sprutô (nominative singular)
sprutaniz (nominative plural)
sprutô (singular vocative)
sprutaniz (plural vocative)
sprutanų (accusative singular)
sprutanunz (accusative plural)
sprutiniz (genitive singular)
sprutanǫ̂ (genitive plural)
sprutini (dative singular)
sprutammaz (dative plural)
sprutinē (instrumental singular)
sprutammiz (instrumental plural)

Old English: sprota

Middle English: sprote

English: sprot

Middle Dutch: sprote, sproot

Old High German: sprozzo

Middle High German: sprozze

German: Sprosse

Luxembourgish: Sprass

Old Norse: sproti

Icelandic: sproti

Faroese: sproti

Old Swedish: spruti, sproti


sprittōną

sprittō (active first-person indicative singular)
sprittǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
sprittōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
sprittōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
sprittōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
sprittō (active imperative second-person singular)
sprittōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
sprittōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
sprittōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
sprittō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
sprittōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
sprittōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
sprittōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
sprittōs (active dual first-person indicative)
sprittōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
sprittōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
sprittōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
sprittōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
sprittōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
sprittōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
sprittōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
sprittōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
sprittōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
sprittōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
sprittōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
sprittōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
sprittōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
sprittōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
sprittōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
sprittōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
sprittōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
sprittōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
sprittōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
sprittōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
sprittōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
sprittōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
sprittōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
sprittōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
sprittōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
sprittōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
sprittōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
sprittōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
sprittōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
sprittōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
sprittōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
sprittōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
sprittōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
sprittōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
sprittōndz (active participle present)
sprittōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Middle High German: sprützen

German: spritzen

Yiddish: שפּריצן (shpritsn)

→ English: spritz

הִשְׁפְּרִיץ

→ Hebrew: הִשְׁפְּרִיץ (hishpríts)

Norwegian: sprita

From Pre-Germanic *spritnéh₂-, a zero-grade iterative to *sprīþaną (“to break up”).


waraz

*waraz (a-stem)

waraz (masculine nominative singular strong)
warai (masculine nominative plural strong)
warō (feminine nominative singular strong)
warôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
warą (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
warō (neuter nominative plural strong)
waranǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
waranz (accusative masculine plural strong)
warǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
warōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
warą (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
warō (accusative neuter plural strong)
waras (genitive masculine singular strong)
-is (genitive masculine singular strong)
waraizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
waraizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
waraizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
waras (genitive neuter singular strong)
-is (genitive neuter singular strong)
waraizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
warammai (dative masculine singular strong)
waraimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
waraizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
waraimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
warammai (dative neuter singular strong)
waraimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
waranō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
waraimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
waraizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
waraimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
waranō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
waraimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
warô (masculine nominative singular weak)
waraniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
warǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
warōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
warô (neuter nominative singular weak)
warōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
waranų (accusative masculine singular weak)
waranunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
warōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
warōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
warô (accusative neuter singular weak)
warōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
wariniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
waranǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
warōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
warōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
wariniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
waranǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
warini (dative masculine singular weak)
warammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
warōni (dative feminine singular weak)
warōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
warini (dative neuter singular weak)
warammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
warinē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
warammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
warōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
warōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
warinē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
warammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *war
Old English: wær
Middle English: war, ware
English: ware
Old Frisian: war, ware
⇒ West Frisian: warskôgje
Old Saxon: war
Old Dutch: *war
Middle Dutch: waer (in compounds: waerschuwen, ontware, ontwaer, etc.)
Old High German: war

Old Norse: varr

Icelandic: var

Faroese: varur

Norwegian: var

Old Swedish: var

Swedish: var; varsam

Danish: var

Gothic: 𐍅𐌰𐍂𐍃 (wars)

→ Proto-Finnic: *vara (< *warō)

Estonian: vara

Finnish: vara

Ingrian: vara

Karelian: vara

Veps: vara

From Proto-Indo-European *worós (“attentive”), from *wer- (“to heed; be watchful”).


budô

budô (nominative singular)
budaniz (nominative plural)
budô (singular vocative)
budaniz (plural vocative)
budanų (accusative singular)
budanunz (accusative plural)
budiniz (genitive singular)
budanǫ̂ (genitive plural)
budini (dative singular)
budammaz (dative plural)
budinē (instrumental singular)
budammiz (instrumental plural)

Old English: boda

Middle English: bode

English: bode

Old Frisian: boda

Old Saxon: bodo

German Low German: Baad

Old Dutch: bodo
Middle Dutch: bōde
Dutch: bode

Old High German: boto

Middle High German: bote

German: Bote

Luxembourgish: Buet

Old Norse: boði

Icelandic: boði

Old Swedish: buþi (in compounds)

Derived from the zero-grade of *beudaną (“to command; to offer”) + *-ô.


skuflō

skuflō (nominative singular)
skuflôz (nominative plural)
skuflō (singular vocative)
skuflôz (plural vocative)
skuflǭ (accusative singular)
skuflōz (accusative plural)
skuflōz (genitive singular)
skuflǫ̂ (genitive plural)
skuflōi (dative singular)
skuflōmaz (dative plural)
skuflō (instrumental singular)
skuflōmiz (instrumental plural)

Old English: sċobl, sċofl

desc

Middle English: schovele, schovel, schowell, schoule, shole

Scots: shuffle, schule, shule, shuil

English: shovel, shoul, shool (dialectal)

→ Fiji Hindi: sabbal

→ Marshallese: jabōļ

Old Frisian: *skofl, *skūfl

Saterland Frisian: Sköifel

West Frisian: skoffel, schoffel

Old Saxon: skūfla

Middle Low German: schûfele, schûfle, schuffele, schüffel

Low German: Schüffel, Schüfel, Schuffel

→ Swedish: skyffel

Old Dutch: *skufla, *skofla

Middle Dutch: schuffel, schofel, schoefel

Dutch: schoffel

Old High German: scūbla, scūfla, scūvala

Middle High German: schūfele, schūfel

German: Schaufel

→ Polish: szufla

Old Norse: *skofl (possibly from Low German)

Icelandic: skófla

Faroese: skupla

Norwegian: skuffel, skuffe

Old Swedish: skofl

Swedish: skovel

Danish: skovl

From earlier *skublō, *skūblō. Of uncertain formation. Apparently related to *skeubaną (“to push, shove”).


buttōną

buttō (active first-person indicative singular)
buttǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
buttōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
buttōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
buttōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
buttō (active imperative second-person singular)
buttōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
buttōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
buttōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
buttō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
buttōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
buttōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
buttōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
buttōs (active dual first-person indicative)
buttōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
buttōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
buttōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
buttōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
buttōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
buttōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
buttōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
buttōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
buttōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
buttōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
buttōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
buttōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
buttōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
buttōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
buttōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
buttōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
buttōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
buttōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
buttōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
buttōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
buttōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
buttōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
buttōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
buttōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
buttōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
buttōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
buttōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
buttōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
buttōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
buttōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
buttōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
buttōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
buttōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
buttōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
buttōndz (active participle present)
buttōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Middle Dutch: botten

Alsatian: butzen

Bavarian: herbutzen (beat up)

Norwegian: butta

From earlier paradigm *buttōþi ~ *butunanþi, from pre-Proto-Germanic *bʰud-nā́-ti ~ *bʰud-un-ánti, iterative to *bautaną (“to beat”).


budą

budą (nominative singular)
budō (nominative plural)
budą (singular vocative)
budō (plural vocative)
budą (accusative singular)
budō (accusative plural)
budas (genitive singular)
budis (genitive singular)
budǫ̂ (genitive plural)
budai (dative singular)
budamaz (dative plural)
budō (instrumental singular)
budamiz (instrumental plural)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *bod
Old English: bod
Middle English: bod
English: bode
Old Frisian: bod
Old Saxon: *bod
Middle Low German: *bot
Plautdietsch: Boot
Old Dutch: *bot
Middle Dutch: bot
Dutch: bod

Proto-Norse: *ᛒᛟᛞᚨ (*boda)

Old West Norse: boð

Icelandic: boð

Faroese: boð

Norn: bod

Norwegian Nynorsk: bod

Elfdalian: buoð

Old East Norse: buð

Old Swedish: buþ, boþ

Swedish: bud

Old Danish: buth, both

Danish: bud

Norwegian Bokmål: bud

Derived from *beudaną (“to command; to offer”).


bullô

bullô (nominative singular)
bullaniz (nominative plural)
bullô (singular vocative)
bullaniz (plural vocative)
bullanų (accusative singular)
bullanunz (accusative plural)
bulliniz (genitive singular)
bullanǫ̂ (genitive plural)
bullini (dative singular)
bullammaz (dative plural)
bullinē (instrumental singular)
bullammiz (instrumental plural)

Old English: bolla
Middle English: bolle
English: bowl
Scots: boll, bow, (?) bowie
→ Proto-Brythonic:
Breton: bolenn
Welsh: powlen
→ Middle French: bolle
French: bol
→ Catalan: bol
→ Greek: μπολ (bol)

Old Frisian: bolla

West Frisian: bôle

Old Saxon: bollo

Middle Low German: bolle

German Low German: Boll, Bolle

Frankish: *bollo

Middle Dutch: bolle

Dutch: bol

Old Norse: bolli

Icelandic: bolli

Faroese: bolli

Old Swedish: bulle, bolle

Swedish: bulle

→ Finnish: pullo

An ablaut variant of *ballô (“ball”), whence also *balluz.


streuną

streuną (nominative singular)
streunō (nominative plural)
streuną (singular vocative)
streunō (plural vocative)
streuną (accusative singular)
streunō (accusative plural)
streunas (genitive singular)
striunis (genitive singular)
streunǫ̂ (genitive plural)
striunai (dative singular)
streunamaz (dative plural)
streunō (instrumental singular)
streunamiz (instrumental plural)

Old English: strēon, strīon; ġestrēon

Middle English: streon, strene, streen; istreon

Scots: strin, stryne

English: strain

Old Saxon: gistriuni

Old High German: gistriuni, kistriuni

From Proto-Indo-European *strew- (“to spread around, strew”). Cognate with Latin struēs (“heap, pile”).


anô

anô (nominative singular)
ananiz (nominative plural)
anô (singular vocative)
ananiz (plural vocative)
ananų (accusative singular)
ananunz (accusative plural)
aniniz (genitive singular)
ananǫ̂ (genitive plural)
anini (dative singular)
anammaz (dative plural)
aninē (instrumental singular)
anammiz (instrumental plural)

Proto-West Germanic: *anō

Old Saxon: *ano

Middle Low German: āne

German Low German: Ahn

Old High German: ano

Middle High German: ane, an; (ene (< *anuz))

Alemannic German: Äni

German: Ahn, Ahne

→ Danish: ane

Proto-Norse: *ᚨᚾᚢ (*anu)

i

alternatively from Proto-Germanic <i class="Latn mention" lang="gem-pro">*awô</i>

>? Old Norse: ái (alternatively from Proto-Germanic *awô)

Icelandic: ái

From Proto-Indo-European *h₂en- (“ancestor”). Cognate with Latin anus (“old woman”).