plōgijaną

plōgijō (active first-person indicative singular)
plōgijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
plōgijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
plōgīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
plōgijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
plōgī (active imperative second-person singular)
plōgijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
plōgijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
plōgīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
plōgijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
plōgijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
plōgijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
plōgijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
plōgijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
plōgijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
plōgijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
plōgijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
plōgijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
plōgijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
plōgijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
plōgijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
plōgijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
plōgīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
plōgijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
plōgīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
plōgijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
plōgijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
plōgijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
plōgijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
plōgijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
plōgijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
plōgijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
plōgidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
plōgidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
plōgidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
plōgidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
plōgidē (active indicative singular third-person)
plōgidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
plōgidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
plōgidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
plōgidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
plōgidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
plōgidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
plōgidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
plōgidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
plōgidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
plōgidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
plōgidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
plōgijandz (active participle present)
plōgidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *plōgijan
Old Saxon: *plōgian
Middle Low German: plȫgen
Old Dutch: *pluogen
Middle Dutch: ploegen
Dutch: ploegen
Limburgish: plógke
Old High German: *pfluogen
Middle High German: pflügen
German: pflügen
Rhine Franconian: pluge, pluje

Old Norse: plǿgja, plœgja

Icelandic: plægja

Faroese: pløga

Norwegian:

Norwegian Bokmål: pløye

Norwegian Nynorsk: pløye

Swedish: plöja

Danish: pløje


drenô

drenô (nominative singular)
drenaniz (nominative plural)
drenô (singular vocative)
drenaniz (plural vocative)
drenanų (accusative singular)
drenanunz (accusative plural)
drininiz (genitive singular)
drenanǫ̂ (genitive plural)
drinini (dative singular)
drenammaz (dative plural)
drininē (instrumental singular)
drenammiz (instrumental plural)

Old High German: treno

Middle High German: trene, tren

German: Trene, Träne (obsolete)

Old Norse: *dreni

Swedish: drönare, drönje

Old Danish: drene


staupijaną

staupijō (active first-person indicative singular)
staupijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
staupijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
staupīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
staupijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
staupī (active imperative second-person singular)
staupijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
staupijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
staupīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
staupijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
staupijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
staupijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
staupijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
staupijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
staupijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
staupijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
staupijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
staupijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
staupijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
staupijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
staupijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
staupijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
staupīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
staupijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
staupīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
staupijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
staupijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
staupijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
staupijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
staupijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
staupijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
staupijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
staupidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
staupidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
staupidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
staupidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
staupidē (active indicative singular third-person)
staupidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
staupidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
staupidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
staupidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
staupidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
staupidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
staupidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
staupidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
staupidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
staupidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
staupidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
staupijandz (active participle present)
staupidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *staupijan
Old English: *stīepan
Middle English: stepen (possibly loaned from Old Norse instead)
English: steep
Old Saxon: *stōpian
Middle Low German: stȫpen

Old Norse: steypa

Icelandic: steypa

Faroese: stoypa

Norwegian Nynorsk: støypa

Old Swedish: stø̄pa

Swedish: stöpa

Danish: støbe

Norwegian Bokmål: støpe

From *staupaz (“pitcher, jar, bucket"; originally "steep, high”) + *-janą.


staupijaną

staupijaną table (canonical)
staupijō (active first-person indicative singular)
staupijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
staupijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
staupīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
staupijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
staupī (active imperative second-person singular)
staupijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
staupijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
staupīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
staupijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
staupijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
staupijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
staupijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
staupijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
staupijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
staupijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
staupijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
staupijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
staupijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
staupijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
staupijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
staupijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
staupīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
staupijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
staupīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
staupijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
staupijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
staupijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
staupijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
staupijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
staupijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
staupijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
staupidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
staupidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
staupidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
staupidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
staupidē (active indicative singular third-person)
staupidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
staupidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
staupidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
staupidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
staupidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
staupidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
staupidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
staupidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
staupidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
staupidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
staupidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
staupijandz (active participle present)
staupidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Old Norse: steypa

Icelandic: steypa

Norwegian Nynorsk: støypa

From *stūpaną (“to stoop, fall down”) + *-janą (causative).


baþjaną

baþjō (active first-person indicative singular)
baþjaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
baþjai (first-person indicative passive singular)
baþisi (active indicative second-person singular)
baþjais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
baþi (active imperative second-person singular)
baþjasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
baþjaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
baþiþi (active indicative singular third-person)
baþjai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
baþjaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
baþjaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
baþjaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
baþjōs (active dual first-person indicative)
baþjaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
baþjaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
baþjaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
baþjaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
baþjamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
baþjaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
baþjanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
baþjainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
baþiþ (active indicative plural second-person)
baþjaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
baþiþ (active imperative plural second-person)
baþjanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
baþjainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
baþjanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
baþjain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
baþjanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
baþjanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
baþjainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
baþidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
baþidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
baþidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
baþidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
baþidē (active indicative singular third-person)
baþidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
baþidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
baþidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
baþidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
baþidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
baþidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
baþidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
baþidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
baþidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
baþidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
baþidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
baþjandz (active participle present)
baþidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *baþþjan, *baþigōn
Old English: bæþþan, beþþan; beþian, beþigean (alternative forms from variant *baþigōn)
Middle English: bethen, beðen, beþien (Early Middle English)
English: beath (dialectal)
Old Frisian: *beththa, *bethia
West Frisian: bette, betsje
Old Saxon: *beththian
>? Middle Low German: *betten
Low German: betten (probably a loanword from Frisian)
Old Dutch: *beththen
Middle Dutch: betten, bessen
Dutch: betten
West Flemish: bessen

Old Norse: *beða

Elfdalian: beða

to moisturize, to make wet (with warm water)


untriwwiz

untriwwizô (comparative)
untriwwistaz (superlative)
untriwwiz (masculine nominative singular strong)
untriwwijai (masculine nominative plural strong)
untriwwī (feminine nominative singular strong)
untriwwijôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
untriwwį (neuter nominative singular strong)
-jatō (neuter nominative singular strong)
untriwwijō (neuter nominative plural strong)
untriwwijanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
untriwwijanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
untriwwijǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
untriwwijōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
untriwwį (accusative neuter singular strong)
-jatō (accusative neuter singular strong)
untriwwijō (accusative neuter plural strong)
untriwwijas (genitive masculine singular strong)
untriwwīs (genitive masculine singular strong)
untriwwijaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
untriwwijaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
untriwwijaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
untriwwijas (genitive neuter singular strong)
untriwwīs (genitive neuter singular strong)
untriwwijaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
untriwwijammai (dative masculine singular strong)
untriwwijaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
untriwwijaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
untriwwijaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
untriwwijammai (dative neuter singular strong)
untriwwijaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
untriwwijanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
untriwwijaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
untriwwijaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
untriwwijaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
untriwwijanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
untriwwijaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
untriwwijô (masculine nominative singular weak)
untriwwijaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
untriwwijǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
untriwwijōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
untriwwijô (neuter nominative singular weak)
untriwwijōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
untriwwijanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
untriwwijanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
untriwwijōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
untriwwijōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
untriwwijô (accusative neuter singular weak)
untriwwijōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
untriwwīniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
untriwwijanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
untriwwijōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
untriwwijōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
untriwwīniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
untriwwijanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
untriwwīni (dative masculine singular weak)
untriwwijammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
untriwwijōni (dative feminine singular weak)
untriwwijōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
untriwwīni (dative neuter singular weak)
untriwwijammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
untriwwīnē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
untriwwijammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
untriwwijōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
untriwwijōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
untriwwīnē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
untriwwijammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

Proto-West Germanic: *untriuwī
Old English: untrīewe
Middle English: untrewe
English: untrue
Old Frisian: untriūwe
West Frisian: ûntrou
Old Dutch: *untriuwi
Middle Dutch: ontrouwe
Dutch: ontrouw
Old High German: *untriuwi, urtriuwi, ungitriuwi
Middle High German: untriuwe
German: untreu

Old Norse: ótryggr, útryggr

Danish: utryg

Faroese: ótryggur

Icelandic: ótryggur

Gothic: 𐌿𐌽𐍄𐍂𐌹𐌲𐌲𐍅𐍃 (untriggws)


spelþą

spelþą (nominative singular)
spelþō (nominative plural)
spelþą (singular vocative)
spelþō (plural vocative)
spelþą (accusative singular)
spelþō (accusative plural)
spelþas (genitive singular)
spilþis (genitive singular)
spelþǫ̂ (genitive plural)
spilþai (dative singular)
spelþamaz (dative plural)
spelþō (instrumental singular)
spelþamiz (instrumental plural)

Proto-West Germanic: *spelþ

Old English: spild

Old Norse: spjall

From Proto-Indo-European *(s)pelH- (“to split off, separate”). Cognate with Sanskrit फलति (phalati, “to burst (in half)”).


skadwijaną

skadwijō (active first-person indicative singular)
skadwijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
skadwijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
skadwīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
skadwijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
skadwī (active imperative second-person singular)
skadwijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
skadwijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
skadwīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
skadwijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
skadwijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
skadwijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
skadwijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
skadwijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
skadwijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
skadwijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
skadwijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
skadwijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
skadwijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
skadwijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
skadwijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
skadwijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
skadwīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
skadwijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
skadwīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
skadwijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
skadwijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
skadwijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
skadwijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
skadwijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
skadwijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
skadwijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
skadwidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
skadwidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
skadwidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
skadwidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
skadwidē (active indicative singular third-person)
skadwidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
skadwidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
skadwidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
skadwidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
skadwidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
skadwidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
skadwidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
skadwidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
skadwidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
skadwidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
skadwidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
skadwijandz (active participle present)
skadwidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *skadwijan
Old Saxon: skadoian
Old Dutch: skediwen
Old High German: *sketiwen
Middle High German: schetewen

Gothic: *𐍃𐌺𐌰𐌳𐍅𐌾𐌰𐌽 (*skadwjan)

desc

𐌿𐍆𐌰𐍂𐍃𐌺𐌰𐌳𐍅𐌾𐌰𐌽

⇒ Gothic: 𐌿𐍆𐌰𐍂𐍃𐌺𐌰𐌳𐍅𐌾𐌰𐌽 (ufarskadwjan)

to shade, to darken, to cover with shadow


slimpaną

slimpō (active first-person indicative singular)
slimpaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
slimpai (first-person indicative passive singular)
slimpizi (active indicative second-person singular)
slimpaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
slimp (active imperative second-person singular)
slimpazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
slimpaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
slimpidi (active indicative singular third-person)
slimpai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
slimpadau (active imperative singular third-person)
slimpadai (indicative passive singular third-person)
slimpaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
slimpōz (active dual first-person indicative)
slimpaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
slimpadiz (active dual indicative second-person)
slimpaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
slimpadiz (active dual imperative second-person)
slimpamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
slimpaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
slimpandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
slimpaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
slimpid (active indicative plural second-person)
slimpaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
slimpid (active imperative plural second-person)
slimpandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
slimpaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
slimpandi (active indicative plural third-person)
slimpain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
slimpandau (active imperative plural third-person)
slimpandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
slimpaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
slamp (active first-person indicative singular)
slumpį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
slamft (active indicative second-person singular)
slumpīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
slamp (active indicative singular third-person)
slumpī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
slumpū (active dual first-person indicative)
slumpīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
slumpudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
slumpīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
slumpum (active first-person indicative plural)
slumpīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
slumpud (active indicative plural second-person)
slumpīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
slumpun (active indicative plural third-person)
slumpīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
slimpandz (active participle present)
slumpanaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Old Norse: sleppa

Icelandic: slippa

Faroese: sleppa

Norwegian:

Norwegian Bokmål: slippe, sleppe

Norwegian Nynorsk: sleppa, sleppe

Swedish: slippa

Danish: slippe

From Proto-Indo-European *(s)lembʰ- (“to hang limply”). It likely has the same origins as *limpaną with an s-mobile attached to the root.


slintaną

slintō (active first-person indicative singular)
slintaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
slintai (first-person indicative passive singular)
slintizi (active indicative second-person singular)
slintaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
slint (active imperative second-person singular)
slintazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
slintaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
slintidi (active indicative singular third-person)
slintai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
slintadau (active imperative singular third-person)
slintadai (indicative passive singular third-person)
slintaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
slintōz (active dual first-person indicative)
slintaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
slintadiz (active dual indicative second-person)
slintaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
slintadiz (active dual imperative second-person)
slintamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
slintaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
slintandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
slintaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
slintid (active indicative plural second-person)
slintaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
slintid (active imperative plural second-person)
slintandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
slintaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
slintandi (active indicative plural third-person)
slintain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
slintandau (active imperative plural third-person)
slintandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
slintaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
slant (active first-person indicative singular)
sluntį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
slanst (active indicative second-person singular)
sluntīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
slant (active indicative singular third-person)
sluntī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
sluntū (active dual first-person indicative)
sluntīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
sluntudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
sluntīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
sluntum (active first-person indicative plural)
sluntīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
sluntud (active indicative plural second-person)
sluntīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
sluntun (active indicative plural third-person)
sluntīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
slintandz (active participle present)
sluntanaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Old Norse: sletta, *slinta

Icelandic: sletta

Faroese: sletta

Norwegian:

Norwegian Nynorsk: sletta, slette

Swedish: slinta

Likely related to *slīdaną and *slindaną.


tehuntēhundą

desc

𐍄𐌰𐌹𐌷𐌿𐌽𐍄𐌴𐌷𐌿𐌽𐌳

Gothic: 𐍄𐌰𐌹𐌷𐌿𐌽𐍄𐌴𐌷𐌿𐌽𐌳 (taihuntēhund)


krintaną

krintō (active first-person indicative singular)
krintaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
krintai (first-person indicative passive singular)
krintizi (active indicative second-person singular)
krintaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
krint (active imperative second-person singular)
krintazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
krintaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
krintidi (active indicative singular third-person)
krintai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
krintadau (active imperative singular third-person)
krintadai (indicative passive singular third-person)
krintaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
krintōz (active dual first-person indicative)
krintaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
krintadiz (active dual indicative second-person)
krintaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
krintadiz (active dual imperative second-person)
krintamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
krintaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
krintandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
krintaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
krintid (active indicative plural second-person)
krintaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
krintid (active imperative plural second-person)
krintandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
krintaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
krintandi (active indicative plural third-person)
krintain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
krintandau (active imperative plural third-person)
krintandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
krintaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
krant (active first-person indicative singular)
kruntį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
kranst (active indicative second-person singular)
kruntīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
krant (active indicative singular third-person)
kruntī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
kruntū (active dual first-person indicative)
kruntīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
kruntudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
kruntīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
kruntum (active first-person indicative plural)
kruntīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
kruntud (active indicative plural second-person)
kruntīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
kruntun (active indicative plural third-person)
kruntīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
krintandz (active participle present)
kruntanaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Old Norse: kretta

Icelandic: kretta

Unclear, possibly related to *krītaną (“to shout, to proclaim”) with a nasal-infix.


klinkwaną

klinkwō (active first-person indicative singular)
klinkwaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
klinkwai (first-person indicative passive singular)
klinkwizi (active indicative second-person singular)
klinkwaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
klinkw (active imperative second-person singular)
klinkwazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
klinkwaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
klinkwidi (active indicative singular third-person)
klinkwai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
klinkwadau (active imperative singular third-person)
klinkwadai (indicative passive singular third-person)
klinkwaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
klinkwōz (active dual first-person indicative)
klinkwaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
klinkwadiz (active dual indicative second-person)
klinkwaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
klinkwadiz (active dual imperative second-person)
klinkwamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
klinkwaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
klinkwandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
klinkwaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
klinkwid (active indicative plural second-person)
klinkwaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
klinkwid (active imperative plural second-person)
klinkwandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
klinkwaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
klinkwandi (active indicative plural third-person)
klinkwain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
klinkwandau (active imperative plural third-person)
klinkwandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
klinkwaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
klankw (active first-person indicative singular)
klunkį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
klanht (active indicative second-person singular)
klunkīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
klankw (active indicative singular third-person)
klunkī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
klunkū (active dual first-person indicative)
klunkīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
klunkudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
klunkīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
klunkum (active first-person indicative plural)
klunkīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
klunkud (active indicative plural second-person)
klunkīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
klunkun (active indicative plural third-person)
klunkīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
klinkwandz (active participle present)
klunkwanaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Old Norse: klǫkkva

Icelandic: klökkva

Faroese: kløkka

Norwegian:

Norwegian Bokmål: kløkke

Norwegian Nynorsk: kløkke, kløkka

Danish: klynke, klykke

→ Norwegian Bokmål: klynke

→ Norwegian Nynorsk: klynke, klynka

According to Kroonen the verb is closely related to *klinganą (“to cling, to stick”), in his reconstruction both verbs originally had the meaning 'to shrink'. He suggests a connection with Lithuanian gležti (“to become flabby”).

to be afraid, to be shocked, to be appalled


hrinkwaną

hrinkwō (active first-person indicative singular)
hrinkwaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
hrinkwai (first-person indicative passive singular)
hrinkwizi (active indicative second-person singular)
hrinkwaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
hrinkw (active imperative second-person singular)
hrinkwazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
hrinkwaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
hrinkwidi (active indicative singular third-person)
hrinkwai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
hrinkwadau (active imperative singular third-person)
hrinkwadai (indicative passive singular third-person)
hrinkwaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
hrinkwōz (active dual first-person indicative)
hrinkwaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
hrinkwadiz (active dual indicative second-person)
hrinkwaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
hrinkwadiz (active dual imperative second-person)
hrinkwamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
hrinkwaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
hrinkwandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
hrinkwaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
hrinkwid (active indicative plural second-person)
hrinkwaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
hrinkwid (active imperative plural second-person)
hrinkwandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
hrinkwaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
hrinkwandi (active indicative plural third-person)
hrinkwain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
hrinkwandau (active imperative plural third-person)
hrinkwandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
hrinkwaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
hrankw (active first-person indicative singular)
hrunkį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
hranht (active indicative second-person singular)
hrunkīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
hrankw (active indicative singular third-person)
hrunkī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
hrunkū (active dual first-person indicative)
hrunkīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
hrunkudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
hrunkīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
hrunkum (active first-person indicative plural)
hrunkīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
hrunkud (active indicative plural second-person)
hrunkīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
hrunkun (active indicative plural third-person)
hrunkīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
hrinkwandz (active participle present)
hrunkwanaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Old Norse: hrǫkkva

Icelandic: hrökkva

Faroese: røkka

Norwegian Nynorsk: rekka

Danish: række

Norwegian Bokmål: rekke

Unclear. Thought to be related to Old High German hranca and Middle Dutch ranke (“tendril, twig”). Furthermore possibly related to Old Church Slavonic крѫгъ (krǫgŭ, “circle”).


þrindaną

þrindō (active first-person indicative singular)
þrindaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
þrindai (first-person indicative passive singular)
þrindizi (active indicative second-person singular)
þrindaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
þrind (active imperative second-person singular)
þrindazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
þrindaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
þrindidi (active indicative singular third-person)
þrindai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
þrindadau (active imperative singular third-person)
þrindadai (indicative passive singular third-person)
þrindaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
þrindōz (active dual first-person indicative)
þrindaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
þrindadiz (active dual indicative second-person)
þrindaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
þrindadiz (active dual imperative second-person)
þrindamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
þrindaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
þrindandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
þrindaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
þrindid (active indicative plural second-person)
þrindaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
þrindid (active imperative plural second-person)
þrindandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
þrindaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
þrindandi (active indicative plural third-person)
þrindain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
þrindandau (active imperative plural third-person)
þrindandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
þrindaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
þrand (active first-person indicative singular)
þrundį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
þranst (active indicative second-person singular)
þrundīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
þrand (active indicative singular third-person)
þrundī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
þrundū (active dual first-person indicative)
þrundīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
þrundudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
þrundīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
þrundum (active first-person indicative plural)
þrundīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
þrundud (active indicative plural second-person)
þrundīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
þrundun (active indicative plural third-person)
þrundīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
þrindandz (active participle present)
þrundanaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *þrindan
Old English: þrindan
Old High German: *drindan
Middle High German: drinden

Unclear, possibly related to *þrintaną and *þrimmaną (“to swell”).


þrintaną

þrintō (active first-person indicative singular)
þrintaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
þrintai (first-person indicative passive singular)
þrintizi (active indicative second-person singular)
þrintaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
þrint (active imperative second-person singular)
þrintazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
þrintaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
þrintidi (active indicative singular third-person)
þrintai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
þrintadau (active imperative singular third-person)
þrintadai (indicative passive singular third-person)
þrintaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
þrintōz (active dual first-person indicative)
þrintaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
þrintadiz (active dual indicative second-person)
þrintaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
þrintadiz (active dual imperative second-person)
þrintamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
þrintaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
þrintandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
þrintaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
þrintid (active indicative plural second-person)
þrintaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
þrintid (active imperative plural second-person)
þrintandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
þrintaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
þrintandi (active indicative plural third-person)
þrintain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
þrintandau (active imperative plural third-person)
þrintandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
þrintaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
þrant (active first-person indicative singular)
þruntį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
þranst (active indicative second-person singular)
þruntīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
þrant (active indicative singular third-person)
þruntī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
þruntū (active dual first-person indicative)
þruntīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
þruntudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
þruntīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
þruntum (active first-person indicative plural)
þruntīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
þruntud (active indicative plural second-person)
þruntīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
þruntun (active indicative plural third-person)
þruntīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
þrintandz (active participle present)
þruntanaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *þrintan
Old English: *þrintan
⇒ Old English: aþrintan
Old Saxon: *thrintan
Middle Low German: drinten
Old Dutch: *thrintan
Middle Dutch: drinten
>? Old High German:
>? Middle High German: trinten (unclear why the verb has an initial t-)

Unclear, possibly related to *þrindaną and *þrimmaną (“to swell”).


skrindaną

skrindō (active first-person indicative singular)
skrindaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
skrindai (first-person indicative passive singular)
skrindizi (active indicative second-person singular)
skrindaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
skrind (active imperative second-person singular)
skrindazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
skrindaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
skrindidi (active indicative singular third-person)
skrindai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
skrindadau (active imperative singular third-person)
skrindadai (indicative passive singular third-person)
skrindaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
skrindōz (active dual first-person indicative)
skrindaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
skrindadiz (active dual indicative second-person)
skrindaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
skrindadiz (active dual imperative second-person)
skrindamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
skrindaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
skrindandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
skrindaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
skrindid (active indicative plural second-person)
skrindaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
skrindid (active imperative plural second-person)
skrindandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
skrindaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
skrindandi (active indicative plural third-person)
skrindain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
skrindandau (active imperative plural third-person)
skrindandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
skrindaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
skrand (active first-person indicative singular)
skrundį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
skranst (active indicative second-person singular)
skrundīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
skrand (active indicative singular third-person)
skrundī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
skrundū (active dual first-person indicative)
skrundīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
skrundudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
skrundīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
skrundum (active first-person indicative plural)
skrundīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
skrundud (active indicative plural second-person)
skrundīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
skrundun (active indicative plural third-person)
skrundīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
skrindandz (active participle present)
skrundanaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *skrindan
Old Saxon: *skrindan
Middle Low German: schrinden
Old Dutch: *scrindan
Middle Dutch: schrinden
Old High German: skrintan, *skrindan
Middle High German: schrinden

Likely from an extended form of Proto-Indo-European *(s)ker- (“to cut”).


kangura-

kanguraz (nominative singular)
kangurōz (nominative plural)
kangurōs (nominative plural)
kangur (singular vocative)
kangurōz (plural vocative)
kangurōs (plural vocative)
kangurą (accusative singular)
kanguranz (accusative plural)
kanguras (genitive singular)
kanguris (genitive singular)
kangurǫ̂ (genitive plural)
kangurai (dative singular)
kanguramaz (dative plural)
kangurō (instrumental singular)
kanguramiz (instrumental plural)
kangurą (nominative singular)
kangurō (nominative plural)
kangurą (singular vocative)
kangurō (plural vocative)
kangurą (accusative singular)
kangurō (accusative plural)
kanguras (genitive singular)
kanguris (genitive singular)
kangurǫ̂ (genitive plural)
kangurai (dative singular)
kanguramaz (dative plural)
kangurō (instrumental singular)
kanguramiz (instrumental plural)

Old English: *gangel, *gange

⇒ Old English: gangelwæfre f (“spider”)

⇒ Old English: gangewifre f (“spider”)

desc

>? Middle High German: kanker m (“spider”)

German: Kanker (“harvestman”)

Old Norse: *kǫngur-

⇒ Old Norse: kǫngurváfa f (“spider”)

⇒ Icelandic: könguló, kónguló

Norwegian: kongro

Jamtish: kangero

Swedish: kangro

→? Finnish: kankuri (“weaver”)

Uncertain; possibly related to English kink (“curl, turn, twist”), Icelandic kengur (“hook”), and if the word is of Indo-European origin, it may be further related to Old Church Slavonic гѫжвица (gǫžvica, “wicker”) and Czech houžev (“withy”), all from Proto-Indo-European *gengʰ- (“twist, turn, plait, weave”). Finnish kankuri (“weaver”) is probably borrowed from Germanic together with Finnish kangas (“web”); alternatively, the present word could be borrowed from Finnish.

der

The meaning of this term is uncertain. Possibilities include:


swinkaną

swinkō (active first-person indicative singular)
swinkaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
swinkai (first-person indicative passive singular)
swinkizi (active indicative second-person singular)
swinkaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
swink (active imperative second-person singular)
swinkazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
swinkaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
swinkidi (active indicative singular third-person)
swinkai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
swinkadau (active imperative singular third-person)
swinkadai (indicative passive singular third-person)
swinkaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
swinkōz (active dual first-person indicative)
swinkaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
swinkadiz (active dual indicative second-person)
swinkaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
swinkadiz (active dual imperative second-person)
swinkamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
swinkaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
swinkandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
swinkaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
swinkid (active indicative plural second-person)
swinkaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
swinkid (active imperative plural second-person)
swinkandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
swinkaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
swinkandi (active indicative plural third-person)
swinkain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
swinkandau (active imperative plural third-person)
swinkandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
swinkaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
swank (active first-person indicative singular)
sunkį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
swanht (active indicative second-person singular)
sunkīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
swank (active indicative singular third-person)
sunkī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
sunkū (active dual first-person indicative)
sunkīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
sunkudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
sunkīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
sunkum (active first-person indicative plural)
sunkīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
sunkud (active indicative plural second-person)
sunkīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
sunkun (active indicative plural third-person)
sunkīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
swinkandz (active participle present)
sunkanaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *swinkan

Old English: swincan (“to toil, labor”) (or borrowed from Old Norse)

Middle English: swinken

English: swink

Old Norse: svinka (“to labor”)


turdawibilaz

turdawibilaz (nominative singular)
turdawibilōz (nominative plural)
turdawibilōs (nominative plural)
turdawibil (singular vocative)
turdawibilōz (plural vocative)
turdawibilōs (plural vocative)
turdawibilą (accusative singular)
turdawibilanz (accusative plural)
turdawibilas (genitive singular)
turdawibilis (genitive singular)
turdawibilǫ̂ (genitive plural)
turdawibilai (dative singular)
turdawibilamaz (dative plural)
turdawibilō (instrumental singular)
turdawibilamiz (instrumental plural)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *tordawibil
Old English: tordwifel
Middle English: *tordwevel
English: turd weevil
Old Dutch: *tordewivil, *tortwivil
Middle Dutch: *tordewevel, *tortwevel
Dutch: tortwevel

Old Norse: torðvifill, torðyfill

Icelandic: tordýfill

Norwegian: tordivel, tordyvel

Old Swedish: torddöffla

Swedish: tordyvel

Old Danish: thorthifil

From *turdą (“manure”) + *wibilaz (“beetle”).


wibilaz

wibilaz (nominative singular)
wibilōz (nominative plural)
wibilōs (nominative plural)
wibil (singular vocative)
wibilōz (plural vocative)
wibilōs (plural vocative)
wibilą (accusative singular)
wibilanz (accusative plural)
wibilas (genitive singular)
wibilis (genitive singular)
wibilǫ̂ (genitive plural)
wibilai (dative singular)
wibilamaz (dative plural)
wibilō (instrumental singular)
wibilamiz (instrumental plural)

Proto-West Germanic: *wibil
Old English: wifel, wibil, wibl, uuibil, *fifel
Middle English: wevel, wevyl, wyvyl
English: weevil
Scots: wavel
Old Saxon: *wivil, *uuivil, *wibil
Middle Low German: wevel, wêvel
→ Swedish: vivel
Old Dutch: *wivil
Middle Dutch: wivel, wevel
Dutch: wevel
Old High German: wibil
Middle High German: wibel, wupel
German: Wiebel

Possibly from *webaną (“to weave”) + *-ilaz. Suggested to be related to Lithuanian vãbalas (“beetle”).

Etymological Dictionary of the German Language

de:Etymologisches Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache


wrimpaną

wrimpō (active first-person indicative singular)
wrimpaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
wrimpai (first-person indicative passive singular)
wrimpizi (active indicative second-person singular)
wrimpaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
wrimp (active imperative second-person singular)
wrimpazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
wrimpaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
wrimpidi (active indicative singular third-person)
wrimpai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
wrimpadau (active imperative singular third-person)
wrimpadai (indicative passive singular third-person)
wrimpaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
wrimpōz (active dual first-person indicative)
wrimpaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
wrimpadiz (active dual indicative second-person)
wrimpaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
wrimpadiz (active dual imperative second-person)
wrimpamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
wrimpaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
wrimpandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
wrimpaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
wrimpid (active indicative plural second-person)
wrimpaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
wrimpid (active imperative plural second-person)
wrimpandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
wrimpaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
wrimpandi (active indicative plural third-person)
wrimpain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
wrimpandau (active imperative plural third-person)
wrimpandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
wrimpaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
wramp (active first-person indicative singular)
wrumpį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
wramft (active indicative second-person singular)
wrumpīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
wramp (active indicative singular third-person)
wrumpī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
wrumpū (active dual first-person indicative)
wrumpīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
wrumpudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
wrumpīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
wrumpum (active first-person indicative plural)
wrumpīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
wrumpud (active indicative plural second-person)
wrumpīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
wrumpun (active indicative plural third-person)
wrumpīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
wrimpandz (active participle present)
wrumpanaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *wrimpan
Old Saxon: *wrimpan
Middle Low German: wrimpen
Old Dutch: *wrimpan
Middle Dutch: wrimpen, wrempen
Dutch: wrimpen (dated)
Old High German: *rimpfan
Middle High German: rimpfen

From *wer- (“to turn, twist”). Compare Ancient Greek ῥέμβω (rhémbō, “I turn in circles”).
Possibly a Blend of *wringaną (“to squeeze, to twist”) + *hrimpaną (“to wrinkle, to shrink”).


brimmaną

brimmō (active first-person indicative singular)
brimmaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
brimmai (first-person indicative passive singular)
brimmizi (active indicative second-person singular)
brimmaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
brimm (active imperative second-person singular)
brimmazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
brimmaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
brimmidi (active indicative singular third-person)
brimmai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
brimmadau (active imperative singular third-person)
brimmadai (indicative passive singular third-person)
brimmaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
brimmōz (active dual first-person indicative)
brimmaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
brimmadiz (active dual indicative second-person)
brimmaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
brimmadiz (active dual imperative second-person)
brimmamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
brimmaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
brimmandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
brimmaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
brimmid (active indicative plural second-person)
brimmaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
brimmid (active imperative plural second-person)
brimmandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
brimmaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
brimmandi (active indicative plural third-person)
brimmain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
brimmandau (active imperative plural third-person)
brimmandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
brimmaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
bramm (active first-person indicative singular)
brummį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
brammt (active indicative second-person singular)
brummīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
bramm (active indicative singular third-person)
brummī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
brummū (active dual first-person indicative)
brummīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
brummudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
brummīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
brummum (active first-person indicative plural)
brummīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
brummud (active indicative plural second-person)
brummīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
brummun (active indicative plural third-person)
brummīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
brimmandz (active participle present)
brummanaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *brimman
Old Saxon: *brimman
Middle Low German: brimmen
Old Dutch: *brimman
Middle Dutch: brimmen
Old High German: *brimman
Middle High German: brimmen

From Proto-Indo-European *bʰrem- (“to make noise”). This verb is closely related to *bremaną, the geminate 'm' in the root seems to have arisen due to the influence of the iterative verb *brummōną.


hnabaną

hnabō (active first-person indicative singular)
hnabaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
hnabai (first-person indicative passive singular)
hnabizi (active indicative second-person singular)
hnabaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
hnab (active imperative second-person singular)
hnabazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
hnabaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
hnabidi (active indicative singular third-person)
hnabai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
hnabadau (active imperative singular third-person)
hnabadai (indicative passive singular third-person)
hnabaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
hnabōz (active dual first-person indicative)
hnabaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
hnabadiz (active dual indicative second-person)
hnabaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
hnabadiz (active dual imperative second-person)
hnabamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
hnabaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
hnabandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
hnabaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
hnabid (active indicative plural second-person)
hnabaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
hnabid (active imperative plural second-person)
hnabandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
hnabaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
hnabandi (active indicative plural third-person)
hnabain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
hnabandau (active imperative plural third-person)
hnabandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
hnabaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
hnōb (active first-person indicative singular)
hnōbį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
hnōft (active indicative second-person singular)
hnōbīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
hnōb (active indicative singular third-person)
hnōbī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
hnōbū (active dual first-person indicative)
hnōbīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
hnōbudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
hnōbīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
hnōbum (active first-person indicative plural)
hnōbīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
hnōbud (active indicative plural second-person)
hnōbīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
hnōbun (active indicative plural third-person)
hnōbīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
hnabandz (active participle present)
hnabanaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Old Norse: hnafa

From Proto-Indo-European *knebʰ-. Related to Lithuanian knabt and Latvian knābt (“to peck, to rip”).


leskaną

leskō (active first-person indicative singular)
leskaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
leskai (first-person indicative passive singular)
liskizi (active indicative second-person singular)
leskaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
lesk (active imperative second-person singular)
leskazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
leskaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
liskidi (active indicative singular third-person)
leskai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
leskadau (active imperative singular third-person)
leskadai (indicative passive singular third-person)
leskaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
leskōz (active dual first-person indicative)
leskaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
leskadiz (active dual indicative second-person)
leskaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
leskadiz (active dual imperative second-person)
leskamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
leskaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
leskandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
leskaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
liskid (active indicative plural second-person)
leskaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
liskid (active imperative plural second-person)
leskandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
leskaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
leskandi (active indicative plural third-person)
leskain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
leskandau (active imperative plural third-person)
leskandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
leskaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
lask (active first-person indicative singular)
luskį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
last (active indicative second-person singular)
luskīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
lask (active indicative singular third-person)
luskī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
luskū (active dual first-person indicative)
luskīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
luskudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
luskīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
luskum (active first-person indicative plural)
luskīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
luskud (active indicative plural second-person)
luskīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
luskun (active indicative plural third-person)
luskīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
leskandz (active participle present)
luskanaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *leskan
Old Saxon: leskan
Middle Low German: leschen
Old Dutch: *lescan
Middle Dutch: lesschen
Dutch: lessen
Old High German: leskan
Middle High German: leschen
German: löschen
Yiddish: לעשן (leshn)

Thought to be from Proto-Indo-European *legʰ-sḱé-ti, sḱe-present to *legʰ- (“to lie down”).


lēkiz

lēkiz (masculine nominative singular strong)
lēkijai (masculine nominative plural strong)
lēkī (feminine nominative singular strong)
lēkijôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
lēkį (neuter nominative singular strong)
-jatō (neuter nominative singular strong)
lēkijō (neuter nominative plural strong)
lēkijanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
lēkijanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
lēkijǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
lēkijōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
lēkį (accusative neuter singular strong)
-jatō (accusative neuter singular strong)
lēkijō (accusative neuter plural strong)
lēkijas (genitive masculine singular strong)
lēkīs (genitive masculine singular strong)
lēkijaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
lēkijaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
lēkijaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
lēkijas (genitive neuter singular strong)
lēkīs (genitive neuter singular strong)
lēkijaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
lēkijammai (dative masculine singular strong)
lēkijaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
lēkijaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
lēkijaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
lēkijammai (dative neuter singular strong)
lēkijaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
lēkijanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
lēkijaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
lēkijaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
lēkijaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
lēkijanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
lēkijaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
lēkijô (masculine nominative singular weak)
lēkijaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
lēkijǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
lēkijōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
lēkijô (neuter nominative singular weak)
lēkijōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
lēkijanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
lēkijanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
lēkijōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
lēkijōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
lēkijô (accusative neuter singular weak)
lēkijōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
lēkīniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
lēkijanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
lēkijōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
lēkijōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
lēkīniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
lēkijanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
lēkīni (dative masculine singular weak)
lēkijammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
lēkijōni (dative feminine singular weak)
lēkijōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
lēkīni (dative neuter singular weak)
lēkijammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
lēkīnē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
lēkijammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
lēkijōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
lēkijōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
lēkīnē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
lēkijammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

Possible vṛddhi gerundive of otherwise unattested *lekaną (“to heal”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂lég-e-ti, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂leg- (“to care for”). Cognate with Ancient Greek ἀλέγω (alégō, “to care for”), Proto-Italic *legō (“to care”).


lēkiz

lēkiz (nominative singular)
lēkīz (nominative plural)
lēki (singular vocative)
lēkīz (plural vocative)
lēkį (accusative singular)
lēkinz (accusative plural)
lēkīz (genitive singular)
lēkijǫ̂ (genitive plural)
lēkī (dative singular)
lēkimaz (dative plural)
lēkī (instrumental singular)
lēkimiz (instrumental plural)

→? Proto-Celtic: *lēgis

Gothic: *𐌻𐌴𐌺𐍃 (*lēks)

→ Proto-Slavic: *lěkъ (“medicine”) (see there for further descendants)


trappōną

trappō (active first-person indicative singular)
trappǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
trappōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
trappōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
trappōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
trappō (active imperative second-person singular)
trappōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
trappōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
trappōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
trappō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
trappōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
trappōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
trappōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
trappōs (active dual first-person indicative)
trappōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
trappōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
trappōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
trappōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
trappōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
trappōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
trappōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
trappōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
trappōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
trappōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
trappōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
trappōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
trappōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
trappōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
trappōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
trappōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
trappōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
trappōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
trappōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
trappōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
trappōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
trappōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
trappōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
trappōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
trappōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
trappōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
trappōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
trappōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
trappōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
trappōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
trappōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
trappōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
trappōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
trappōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
trappōndz (active participle present)
trappōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *trappōn
Old Saxon: *trappōn
Middle Low German: trappen
→ Norwegian Nynorsk: trappa, trappe
Old Dutch: *trappon, *trapon
Middle Dutch: trappen, *trapen
Dutch: trappen
⇒ Middle Dutch: betrapen
Dutch: betrapen (dialectal, Flemish)

From pre-Germanic *drob-néh₂-ti, from Proto-Indo-European *dreb⁽ʰ⁾- (“to tread, to step”). Compare Lithuanian drebė́ti (“to tremble”) and Polish drabina (“ladder”).

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Germanic parent language


hnippōną

hnippō (active first-person indicative singular)
hnippǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
hnippōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
hnippōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
hnippōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
hnippō (active imperative second-person singular)
hnippōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
hnippōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
hnippōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
hnippō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
hnippōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
hnippōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
hnippōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
hnippōs (active dual first-person indicative)
hnippōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
hnippōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
hnippōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
hnippōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
hnippōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
hnippōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
hnippōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
hnippōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
hnippōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
hnippōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
hnippōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
hnippōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
hnippōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
hnippōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
hnippōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
hnippōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
hnippōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
hnippōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
hnippōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
hnippōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
hnippōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
hnippōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
hnippōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
hnippōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
hnippōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
hnippōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
hnippōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
hnippōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
hnippōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
hnippōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
hnippōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
hnippōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
hnippōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
hnippōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
hnippōndz (active participle present)
hnippōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *hnippōn
Old English: *hnippian
Middle English: nippen (possibly loaned from Middle Dutch or Middle Low German instead)
English: nip
Old Saxon: *hnippōn
Middle Low German: nippen
Low German: nippen
→ German: nippen
→ Norwegian Bokmål: nippe
→ Danish: nippe
Old Dutch: *nippon
Middle Dutch: nippen
Dutch: nippen
Old High German: *nipfōn
Middle High German: nipfen
German: nipfen (dialectal)

Old Norse: hnippa

Icelandic: hnippa

From earlier paradigm *hnippōþi ~ *hnibunanþi, from pre-Proto-Germanic *knibʰ-nā́-ti ~ *knibʰ-un-ánti, iterative from Proto-Indo-European *kneybʰ- (“to pinch”). Cognate with Latvian kniêbt, Lithuanian kniẽbti (“to pinch”).


knippōną

knippō (active first-person indicative singular)
knippǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
knippōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
knippōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
knippōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
knippō (active imperative second-person singular)
knippōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
knippōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
knippōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
knippō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
knippōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
knippōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
knippōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
knippōs (active dual first-person indicative)
knippōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
knippōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
knippōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
knippōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
knippōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
knippōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
knippōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
knippōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
knippōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
knippōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
knippōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
knippōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
knippōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
knippōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
knippōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
knippōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
knippōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
knippōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
knippōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
knippōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
knippōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
knippōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
knippōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
knippōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
knippōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
knippōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
knippōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
knippōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
knippōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
knippōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
knippōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
knippōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
knippōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
knippōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
knippōndz (active participle present)
knippōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *knippōn
Old Saxon: *knippon
Middle Low German: knippen
Low German: knippen
Old Dutch: *cnippon
Middle Dutch: knippen
Dutch: knippen

From Proto-Indo-European *ǵnibʰ-néh₂-ti, an iterative verb from Proto-Indo-European *ǵneybʰ- (“to pinch”) which also gave rise to the strong verb *knīpaną. Compare Lithuanian gnýbti, žnýbti (“to pinch”).


slappōną

slappō (active first-person indicative singular)
slappǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
slappōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
slappōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
slappōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
slappō (active imperative second-person singular)
slappōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
slappōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
slappōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
slappō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
slappōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
slappōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
slappōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
slappōs (active dual first-person indicative)
slappōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
slappōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
slappōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
slappōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
slappōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
slappōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
slappōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
slappōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
slappōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
slappōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
slappōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
slappōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
slappōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
slappōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
slappōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
slappōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
slappōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
slappōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
slappōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
slappōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
slappōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
slappōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
slappōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
slappōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
slappōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
slappōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
slappōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
slappōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
slappōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
slappōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
slappōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
slappōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
slappōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
slappōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
slappōndz (active participle present)
slappōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *slappōn
Old Saxon: *slappōn
Middle Low German: slappen
Old Dutch: slappon
Middle Dutch: slappen
Dutch: slappen
Old High German: slaffōn
Middle High German: slaffen

desc

Old Norse: slappa, *slapa, *slabba, slafa (only attested in the reflexive 'slafast')

Danish: slappe

Faroese: slabba

Icelandic: slappa

Norwegian:

Norwegian Bokmål: slappe

Norwegian Nynorsk: slappa, slapa

Swedish: slappa

From Proto-Indo-European *slobʰ-néh₂-ti, an iterative verb related to *slēpaną (“to sleep”).


strittōną

strittō (active first-person indicative singular)
strittǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
strittōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
strittōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
strittōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
strittō (active imperative second-person singular)
strittōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
strittōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
strittōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
strittō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
strittōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
strittōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
strittōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
strittōs (active dual first-person indicative)
strittōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
strittōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
strittōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
strittōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
strittōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
strittōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
strittōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
strittōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
strittōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
strittōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
strittōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
strittōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
strittōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
strittōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
strittōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
strittōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
strittōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
strittōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
strittōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
strittōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
strittōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
strittōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
strittōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
strittōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
strittōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
strittōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
strittōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
strittōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
strittōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
strittōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
strittōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
strittōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
strittōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
strittōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
strittōndz (active participle present)
strittōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Old Norse: strita, *stritta

Icelandic: strita

Faroese: strita

Norwegian:

Norwegian Nynorsk: stritta

Danish: stritte

From Proto-Indo-European *stridʰ-néh₂-ti, an iterative verb from Proto-Indo-European *streydʰ- (“to resist”), the same root gave rise to the strong verb *strīdaną.


krappōną

krappō (active first-person indicative singular)
krappǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
krappōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
krappōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
krappōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
krappō (active imperative second-person singular)
krappōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
krappōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
krappōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
krappō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
krappōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
krappōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
krappōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
krappōs (active dual first-person indicative)
krappōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
krappōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
krappōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
krappōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
krappōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
krappōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
krappōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
krappōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
krappōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
krappōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
krappōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
krappōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
krappōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
krappōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
krappōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
krappōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
krappōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
krappōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
krappōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
krappōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
krappōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
krappōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
krappōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
krappōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
krappōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
krappōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
krappōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
krappōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
krappōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
krappōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
krappōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
krappōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
krappōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
krappōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
krappōndz (active participle present)
krappōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desc

Proto-West Germanic: *krappōn, *krabbōn, *krabōn

Old Saxon: *krabbōn

Middle Low German: krabben

→ Norwegian:

→ Norwegian Nynorsk: krabba

→ Swedish: krabba

→ Danish: krabbe

Old Dutch: *krappōn, *krabbōn, *kravōn

Middle Dutch: krappen, krabben, *kraven

Dutch: krappen, krabben, kraven (dialectal)

Old High German: *krapfōn (only attested in the past participle 'gikrapfōt'), *krappōn, *krabōn

Middle High German: krapfen, *krappen, *kraben

German: krappen, kraben

An iterative verb from Proto-Indo-European *grobʰ-néh₂-ti


sigiþō

sigiþō (nominative singular)
sigiþôz (nominative plural)
sigiþō (singular vocative)
sigiþôz (plural vocative)
sigiþǭ (accusative singular)
sigiþōz (accusative plural)
sigiþōz (genitive singular)
sigiþǫ̂ (genitive plural)
sigiþōi (dative singular)
sigiþōmaz (dative plural)
sigiþō (instrumental singular)
sigiþōmiz (instrumental plural)

Proto-West Germanic: *sigiþā (< *sigiþǭ)

Old Saxon: *sigitha

Middle Low German: segede, sigde, sichte, sicht

German Low German: Sichte, Sicht

Old Dutch: *sigitha

Middle Dutch: sichte

Dutch: zichte, zicht

Old Norse: sigð

Icelandic: sigð

Norwegian: sigd

From Proto-Indo-European *sek- (“to cut, cut off, sever”).


krammōną

krammō (active first-person indicative singular)
krammǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
krammōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
krammōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
krammōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
krammō (active imperative second-person singular)
krammōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
krammōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
krammōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
krammō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
krammōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
krammōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
krammōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
krammōs (active dual first-person indicative)
krammōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
krammōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
krammōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
krammōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
krammōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
krammōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
krammōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
krammōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
krammōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
krammōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
krammōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
krammōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
krammōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
krammōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
krammōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
krammōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
krammōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
krammōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
krammōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
krammōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
krammōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
krammōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
krammōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
krammōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
krammōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
krammōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
krammōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
krammōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
krammōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
krammōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
krammōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
krammōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
krammōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
krammōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
krammōndz (active participle present)
krammōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *krammōn
Old English: crammian
Middle English: crammen
English: cram
Old Dutch: *krammōn
Middle Dutch: krammen
Old High German: *krammōn
Middle High German: krammen

Old Norse:

>? Swedish: krama

An o-grade iterative verb from Proto-Indo-European *gromH-néh₂-ti, closely related to the strong verb *krimmaną.


tussōną

tussō (active first-person indicative singular)
tussǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
tussōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
tussōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
tussōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
tussō (active imperative second-person singular)
tussōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
tussōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
tussōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
tussō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
tussōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
tussōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
tussōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
tussōs (active dual first-person indicative)
tussōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
tussōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
tussōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
tussōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
tussōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
tussōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
tussōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
tussōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
tussōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
tussōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
tussōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
tussōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
tussōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
tussōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
tussōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
tussōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
tussōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
tussōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
tussōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
tussōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
tussōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
tussōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
tussōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
tussōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
tussōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
tussōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
tussōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
tussōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
tussōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
tussōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
tussōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
tussōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
tussōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
tussōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
tussōndz (active participle present)
tussōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *tosōn (generalized the non-singular stem)

Old English: *tosian

Middle English: tosen

English: toze

Old English: *tosōn

Middle Low German: tȫsen

Old English: *tosōn

Middle Dutch: tōsen

Old Norse: *tossa, *tosa

Icelandic: tossa, tosa

Norwegian:

Norwegian Nynorsk: tossa, tosa

An iterative verb from Proto-Indo-European *tus-néh₂-ti.


mainō

mainō (nominative singular)
mainôz (nominative plural)
mainō (singular vocative)
mainôz (plural vocative)
mainǭ (accusative singular)
mainōz (accusative plural)
mainōz (genitive singular)
mainǫ̂ (genitive plural)
mainōi (dative singular)
mainōmaz (dative plural)
mainō (instrumental singular)
mainōmiz (instrumental plural)

Proto-West Germanic: *mainu

Old English: *mān, *mǣn; (*mānian; mǣnan (“to complain; lament”))

desc

Middle English: mān, mane, mone, moon, mene; (monen, moonen; menen)

Scots: mane, main, mene; (mane; mene, mein)

English: moan; (moan; mean)

Old Frisian: mēne

West Frisian: mienje

Old High German: meina

Middle High German: meine

From Proto-Indo-European *meyn- (“intent; mind”).


dilī

dilī (nominative singular)
diljôz (nominative plural)
dilī (singular vocative)
diljôz (plural vocative)
diljǭ (accusative singular)
diljōz (accusative plural)
diljōz (genitive singular)
diljǫ̂ (genitive plural)
diljōi (dative singular)
diljōmaz (dative plural)
diljō (instrumental singular)
diljōmiz (instrumental plural)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *dili, *dellī
Old English: dile, dyle
Middle English: dile, dyle, dille, dylle
English: dill
Old Frisian: *dille
West Frisian: dille
Old Saxon: dilli
Middle Low German: del, dell, dille
German Low German:
North Low German: Dille
Märkisch: Dull
Westphalian: Dill
Plautdietsch: Dell
Old Dutch: *dilli
Middle Dutch: dille, dile
Dutch: dille
Afrikaans: dil
→ Indonesian: dil
Negerhollands: dil
Old High German: tilli, tilla
Middle High German: tille, tülle, tüll m
German: Dill m, Dille f (Austrian German), Till m (obsolete)
→ Kashubian: dil
→ Latvian: dilles
→ Romansch: dil
→ Lower Sorbian: dyla
Luxembourgish: Dëll

Old Norse: dylla

Icelandic: dylla

Norwegian:

Norwegian Bokmål: dill

Norwegian Nynorsk: dill

Old Swedish: dil

Swedish: dill

Danish: dild

→ Faroese: dild

→ Greenlandic: dildi

From Proto-Indo-European *dʰelh₁-íh₂s ~ *dʰl̥h₁-ih₂és, from *dʰelh₁- (“to flourish, grow”) + *-ih₂s. Cognate with Latin folium (“leaf”), Middle Irish duille (“leaf”), Welsh dalen (“leaf”), Ancient Greek θαλλός (thallós, “spout”), θάλλω (thállō, “to flourish, grow”), Old Armenian դալար (dalar, “verdant”), Albanian dal (“to sprout”).


þarbāną

þarbō (active first-person indicative singular)
þarbaisi (active indicative second-person singular)
þarbai (active imperative second-person singular)
þarbāsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
þarbaiþi (active indicative singular third-person)
þarbāþau (active imperative singular third-person)
þarbāþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
þarbōs (active dual first-person indicative)
þarbāþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
þarbāþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
þarbāmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
þarbānþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
þarbaiþ (active indicative plural second-person)
þarbaiþ (active imperative plural second-person)
þarbānþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
þarbānþi (active indicative plural third-person)
þarbānþau (active imperative plural third-person)
þarbānþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
þarbadǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
þarbadēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
þarbadēz (active indicative second-person singular)
þarbadēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
þarbadē (active indicative singular third-person)
þarbadēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
þarbadēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
þarbadēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
þarbadēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
þarbadēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
þarbadēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
þarbadēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
þarbadēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
þarbadēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
þarbadēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
þarbadēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
þarbāndz (active participle present)
þarbadaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *þarbēn
Old English: þearfian
Old Saxon: tharvōn, tharbōn
Middle Low German: darven
Old Dutch: tharvon
Middle Dutch: darven
Dutch: derven
Old High German: darbēn, darbōn
Middle High German: darben
German: darben

Old Norse: þarfa

Faroese: tarva

Icelandic: þarfa

⇒ Gothic: 𐌲𐌰𐌸𐌰𐍂𐌱𐌰𐌽 (gaþarban)

/ˈθɑr.βɑː.nɑ̃/


nahtāną

nahtō (active first-person indicative singular)
nahtaisi (active indicative second-person singular)
nahtai (active imperative second-person singular)
nahtāsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
nahtaiþi (active indicative singular third-person)
nahtāþau (active imperative singular third-person)
nahtāþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
nahtōs (active dual first-person indicative)
nahtāþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
nahtāþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
nahtāmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
nahtānþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
nahtaiþ (active indicative plural second-person)
nahtaiþ (active imperative plural second-person)
nahtānþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
nahtānþi (active indicative plural third-person)
nahtānþau (active imperative plural third-person)
nahtānþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
nahtadǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
nahtadēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
nahtadēz (active indicative second-person singular)
nahtadēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
nahtadē (active indicative singular third-person)
nahtadēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
nahtadēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
nahtadēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
nahtadēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
nahtadēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
nahtadēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
nahtadēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
nahtadēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
nahtadēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
nahtadēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
nahtadēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
nahtāndz (active participle present)
nahtadaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *nahtēn
Old English: nihtian
Middle English: nighten
Old Dutch: *nahton
Middle Dutch: *nachten
Dutch: nachten (scarcely attested in early modern Dutch)
Old High German: nahtēn
Middle High German: nachten
German: nachten

Old Norse: nátta

Icelandic: nátta


taubrōną

taubrō (active first-person indicative singular)
taubrǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
taubrōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
taubrōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
taubrōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
taubrō (active imperative second-person singular)
taubrōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
taubrōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
taubrōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
taubrō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
taubrōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
taubrōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
taubrōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
taubrōs (active dual first-person indicative)
taubrōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
taubrōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
taubrōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
taubrōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
taubrōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
taubrōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
taubrōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
taubrōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
taubrōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
taubrōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
taubrōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
taubrōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
taubrōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
taubrōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
taubrōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
taubrōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
taubrōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
taubrōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
taubrōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
taubrōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
taubrōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
taubrōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
taubrōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
taubrōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
taubrōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
taubrōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
taubrōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
taubrōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
taubrōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
taubrōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
taubrōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
taubrōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
taubrōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
taubrōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
taubrōndz (active participle present)
taubrōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *taubrōn
Old Frisian: tāveria
West Frisian: thauwerje
Old Saxon: *tōvarōn
Middle Low German: tôveren
German Low German: tovern, tövern
Old Dutch: *tōvaron
Middle Dutch: tôveren
Dutch: toveren
Afrikaans: toor
Negerhollands: tover
→ Saramaccan: tófu
→ West Frisian: toverje
Limburgish: touvere
Old High German: zoubarōn
Middle High German: zoubern
German: zaubern
→ Luxembourgish: zauberen

Old Norse: taufra
Icelandic: töfra
Norwegian Bokmål: tauvre

/ˈtɑu̯.βrɔː.nɑ̃/