Anulaibaz

Anulaibaz (nominative singular)
Anulaibai (dative singular)

Old English: Anlāf

Proto-Norse: *ᚨᚾᚢᛚᚨᛁᛒᚨᛉ (*anulaibaʀ)

desctree

Old Norse: Óláfr, Ǫ́láfr, Óleifr, Áleifr, Ǫ́leifr
⇒ Old Norse: Óli (nickname)
Icelandic: Óli
Faroese: Óli
Norwegian: Ole
Swedish: Olle
Danish: Ole
→ Finnish: Olli
Icelandic: Ólafur
Faroese: Ólavur
Norwegian: Olav, Ola, → Olaf
Old Swedish: Olawær
Swedish: Olof, Olov
Danish: Olaf, Olav
→ English: Olaf
→ Estonian: Olev
→ Finnish: Olavi, Uolevi
→ Latin: Olaus
→ Faroese: Lávus
→ Old Irish: Amlaíb (< Ǫ́lęifr, with nasal ǫ́-)
→ Irish: Amhlaoibh
→ Scottish Gaelic: Amhlaidh, Amhlaigh
→ Polish: Olaf
→ Portuguese: Olavo
→ Skolt Sami: Åʹll, Åållaž
→ Spanish: Olavo

From *anô (“ancestor”) and *laibō (“remnant”)


tullaz

tullaz (nominative singular)
tullōz (nominative plural)
tullōs (nominative plural)
tull (singular vocative)
tullōz (plural vocative)
tullōs (plural vocative)
tullą (accusative singular)
tullanz (accusative plural)
tullas (genitive singular)
tullis (genitive singular)
tullǫ̂ (genitive plural)
tullai (dative singular)
tullamaz (dative plural)
tullō (instrumental singular)
tullamiz (instrumental plural)

Proto-West Germanic: *toll

Old English: toll m or n

Middle English: tolle, tol

English: toll

Scots: toll

Old Frisian: *toll

Saterland Frisian: Tol

West Frisian: tol

Old Saxon: tol

Middle Low German: tol

German Low German: Toll

Old Dutch: tol (in placenames and glosses)

Middle Dutch: tol

Dutch: tol

Old High German: zol

Middle High German: zol

German: Zoll

Old Norse: tollr

Icelandic: tollur

Faroese: tollur

Norwegian Nynorsk: toll

Norwegian Bokmål: toll

Swedish: tull

Danish: told

⇒ Old Norse: *tylla

⇒ Old Norse: vegtylla f

Uncertain. Possibly from Proto-Indo-European *dol- (“calculation, fraud”); or from Latin telōnēum (“tollhouse”).


skimpijaną

skimpijō (active first-person indicative singular)
skimpijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
skimpijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
skimpīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
skimpijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
skimpī (active imperative second-person singular)
skimpijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
skimpijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
skimpīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
skimpijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
skimpijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
skimpijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
skimpijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
skimpijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
skimpijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
skimpijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
skimpijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
skimpijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
skimpijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
skimpijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
skimpijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
skimpijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
skimpīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
skimpijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
skimpīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
skimpijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
skimpijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
skimpijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
skimpijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
skimpijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
skimpijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
skimpijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
skimpidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
skimpidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
skimpidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
skimpidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
skimpidē (active indicative singular third-person)
skimpidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
skimpidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
skimpidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
skimpidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
skimpidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
skimpidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
skimpidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
skimpidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
skimpidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
skimpidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
skimpidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
skimpijandz (active participle present)
skimpidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *skimpijan
Old Frisian: *skimpa
Saterland Frisian: skimpe, schimpe
West Frisian: skimpe, skimpje
Old Saxon: *skimpian
Middle Low German: schimpen
German Low German: schimpen
→ Swedish: skimpa
Old Dutch: *skimpen
Middle Dutch: schimpen
Dutch: schimpen
Old High German: skimpfen
Middle High German: schimpfen
German: schimpfen

Old Norse: *skimpa

Icelandic: skimpa

Swedish: skimpa (dialectal)

→ Middle English: *skimpen

English: skimp (dialectal)

Scots: skimp

From Proto-Indo-European *(s)ḱh₂emb- (“to arch, bend, curve”).


skupą

skupą (nominative singular)
skupō (nominative plural)
skupą (singular vocative)
skupō (plural vocative)
skupą (accusative singular)
skupō (accusative plural)
skupas (genitive singular)
skupis (genitive singular)
skupǫ̂ (genitive plural)
skupai (dative singular)
skupamaz (dative plural)
skupō (instrumental singular)
skupamiz (instrumental plural)

Proto-West Germanic: *skop

>? Old Frisian: skof

West Frisian: schof (obsolete)

gl

→? Middle English: skoffe, scof (equally possibly borrowed from Old Danish)

English: scoff

Scots: skoffe, scoff, skuff

Old Dutch: *scop

Middle Dutch: scop, schop

⇒ Proto-West Germanic: *skop m (“poet”)

desctree

Old English: sċop, sċeop
→ English: scop (learned)

Old Saxon: *skop

⇒ Old Saxon: skoplīko (adverb)

Old High German: skopf, scoph
Middle High German: schopf, schof

Old Norse: skop

Icelandic: skop

>? Old Danish: skof, skuf


sagōną

sagō (active first-person indicative singular)
sagǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
sagōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
sagōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
sagōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
sagō (active imperative second-person singular)
sagōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
sagōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
sagōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
sagō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
sagōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
sagōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
sagōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
sagōs (active dual first-person indicative)
sagōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
sagōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
sagōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
sagōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
sagōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
sagōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
sagōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
sagōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
sagōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
sagōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
sagōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
sagōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
sagōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
sagōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
sagōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
sagōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
sagōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
sagōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
sagōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
sagōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
sagōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
sagōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
sagōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
sagōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
sagōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
sagōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
sagōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
sagōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
sagōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
sagōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
sagōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
sagōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
sagōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
sagōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
sagōndz (active participle present)
sagōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *sagōn
Old English: *sagian
Middle English: sagen, sawen
English: saw
Scots: saw
Old Frisian: sagia (implied by holtsagia)
Saterland Frisian: soagje
West Frisian: saagje, seagje, seegje
Old Saxon: *sagōn
Middle Low German: sāgen
German Low German: sagen
Old Dutch: *sagon
Middle Dutch: sāgen
Dutch: zagen
Old High German: sagōn
Middle High German: sagen
German: sägen (likely merged with the descendant of *segōn)

Old Norse: saga

Icelandic: saga

Norwegian:

Norwegian Bokmål: sage

Norwegian Nynorsk: sage, saga

Swedish: saga

Danish: save


Arnuwulfaz

Arnuwulfaz (nominative singular)
Arnuwulf (singular vocative)
Arnuwulfą (accusative singular)
Arnuwulfai (dative singular)
Arnuwulfō (instrumental singular)

Old English: Earnwulf

Old High German: *Arnwolf

Middle High German: *Arnwolf

German: Arnulf

→ Latin: Arnulfus

French: Arnoul

Old Norse: Arnulfr, Ǫrnúlfr

Icelandic: Arnúlfur

Norwegian: Ørnulf


Friþuberhtaz

Friþuberhtaz (nominative singular)
Friþuberht (singular vocative)
Friþuberhtą (accusative singular)
Friþubirhtai (dative singular)
Friþuberhtō (instrumental singular)

Proto-West Germanic: *Friþuberht

Old English: Freoþoberht, *Friþberht

Old High German: *Friduberaht

Middle High German: ?

German: Friedbert

English: Fredbert

Old Norse: *Friðbjartr

Icelandic: Friðbert

From *friþuz (“peace”) + *berhtaz (“bright, shining”).


Friþumundō

Friþumundō (nominative singular)
Friþumundō (singular vocative)
Friþumundǭ (accusative singular)
Friþumundōz (genitive singular)
Friþumundōi (dative singular)
Friþumundō (instrumental singular)

Old English: Freoþomund, Friþumund

Old High German: *Fridumund

Middle High German: ?

German: Friedmund, Fredmund, Fridmund

English: Fredmund

Old Norse: *Friðmundr

Icelandic: Friðmundur

Faroese: Fríðmundur

Norwegian: *Fridmund

From *friþuz (“peace”) + *mundō (“protection”).


unkunþīgaz

unkunþīgaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
unkunþīgai (masculine nominative plural strong)
unkunþīgō (feminine nominative singular strong)
unkunþīgôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
unkunþīgą (neuter nominative singular strong)
-at (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
unkunþīgō (neuter nominative plural strong)
unkunþīganǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
unkunþīganz (accusative masculine plural strong)
unkunþīgǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
unkunþīgōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
unkunþīgą (accusative neuter singular strong)
-at (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
unkunþīgō (accusative neuter plural strong)
unkunþīgas (genitive masculine singular strong)
unkunþīgis (genitive masculine singular strong)
unkunþīgaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
unkunþīgaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
unkunþīgaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
unkunþīgas (genitive neuter singular strong)
unkunþīgis (genitive neuter singular strong)
unkunþīgaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
unkunþīgammai (dative masculine singular strong)
unkunþīgaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
unkunþīgaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
unkunþīgaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
unkunþīgammai (dative neuter singular strong)
unkunþīgaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
unkunþīganō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
unkunþīgaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
unkunþīgaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
unkunþīgaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
unkunþīganō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
unkunþīgaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
unkunþīgô (masculine nominative singular weak)
unkunþīganiz (masculine nominative plural weak)
unkunþīgǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
unkunþīgōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
unkunþīgô (neuter nominative singular weak)
unkunþīgōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
unkunþīganų (accusative masculine singular weak)
unkunþīganunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
unkunþīgōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
unkunþīgōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
unkunþīgô (accusative neuter singular weak)
unkunþīgōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
unkunþīginiz (genitive masculine singular weak)
unkunþīganǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
unkunþīgōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
unkunþīgōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
unkunþīginiz (genitive neuter singular weak)
unkunþīganǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
unkunþīgini (dative masculine singular weak)
unkunþīgammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
unkunþīgōni (dative feminine singular weak)
unkunþīgōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
unkunþīgini (dative neuter singular weak)
unkunþīgammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
unkunþīginē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
unkunþīgammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
unkunþīgōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
unkunþīgōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
unkunþīginē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
unkunþīgammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *unkunþīg
Old English: uncȳþiġ
>? Middle English: unkithe, unkythe
Old Frisian: *unkethich, *unkettich
Old Saxon: *unkūthīg, *unkundīg
Middle Low German: unkundich, unkündich
German Low German: unkünnig
→ Old Frisian: *unkundich
Saterland Frisian: uunkundig, uunkundich
West Frisian: ûnkundich
Old Dutch: *uncundig
Middle Dutch: oncondich
Dutch: onkundig
Old High German: unkundīg
Middle High German: unkundic, unkundec, unkündic, unkündec
German: unkundig

Old Norse: úkunnigr

Icelandic: ókunnugur

Faroese: ókunnigur

Old Swedish: okunnogher

Swedish: okunnig


kunþīgaz

kunþīgaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
kunþīgai (masculine nominative plural strong)
kunþīgō (feminine nominative singular strong)
kunþīgôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
kunþīgą (neuter nominative singular strong)
-at (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
kunþīgō (neuter nominative plural strong)
kunþīganǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
kunþīganz (accusative masculine plural strong)
kunþīgǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
kunþīgōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
kunþīgą (accusative neuter singular strong)
-at (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
kunþīgō (accusative neuter plural strong)
kunþīgas (genitive masculine singular strong)
kunþīgis (genitive masculine singular strong)
kunþīgaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
kunþīgaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
kunþīgaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
kunþīgas (genitive neuter singular strong)
kunþīgis (genitive neuter singular strong)
kunþīgaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
kunþīgammai (dative masculine singular strong)
kunþīgaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
kunþīgaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
kunþīgaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
kunþīgammai (dative neuter singular strong)
kunþīgaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
kunþīganō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
kunþīgaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
kunþīgaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
kunþīgaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
kunþīganō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
kunþīgaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
kunþīgô (masculine nominative singular weak)
kunþīganiz (masculine nominative plural weak)
kunþīgǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
kunþīgōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
kunþīgô (neuter nominative singular weak)
kunþīgōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
kunþīganų (accusative masculine singular weak)
kunþīganunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
kunþīgōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
kunþīgōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
kunþīgô (accusative neuter singular weak)
kunþīgōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
kunþīginiz (genitive masculine singular weak)
kunþīganǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
kunþīgōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
kunþīgōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
kunþīginiz (genitive neuter singular weak)
kunþīganǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
kunþīgini (dative masculine singular weak)
kunþīgammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
kunþīgōni (dative feminine singular weak)
kunþīgōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
kunþīgini (dative neuter singular weak)
kunþīgammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
kunþīginē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
kunþīgammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
kunþīgōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
kunþīgōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
kunþīginē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
kunþīgammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

Proto-West Germanic: *kunþīg
Old English: cȳþiġ
Middle English: cūðī, kuði, cūþþi
>? Middle English: kithe, kythe
Old Frisian: kethich, kettich
Old Saxon: *kūthīg, *kundīg
Middle Low German: kundich, kündich
German Low German: künnig
→? Old Frisian: kundich
Saterland Frisian: kundig, kundich
West Frisian: kundich
Old Dutch: *kundīg
Middle Dutch: cundeg, condegh, condich
Dutch: kundig
Old High German: kundīg
Middle High German: kundic, kündig, kündic, kündec
German: kundig

>? Old Norse: kunnigr

Icelandic: kunnigur

Faroese: kunnigur

Norwegian Nynorsk: kunnig

Norwegian Bokmål: kunnig

Swedish: kunnig

From *kunþį̄ (“knowledge, fame”) + *-gaz.


gurrōną

gurrō (active first-person indicative singular)
gurrǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
gurrōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
gurrōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
gurrōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
gurrō (active imperative second-person singular)
gurrōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
gurrōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
gurrōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
gurrō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
gurrōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
gurrōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
gurrōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
gurrōs (active dual first-person indicative)
gurrōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
gurrōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
gurrōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
gurrōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
gurrōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
gurrōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
gurrōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
gurrōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
gurrōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
gurrōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
gurrōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
gurrōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
gurrōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
gurrōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
gurrōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
gurrōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
gurrōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
gurrōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
gurrōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
gurrōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
gurrōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
gurrōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
gurrōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
gurrōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
gurrōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
gurrōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
gurrōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
gurrōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
gurrōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
gurrōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
gurrōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
gurrōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
gurrōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
gurrōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
gurrōndz (active participle present)
gurrōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *gurrōn

Old Saxon: *gurrōn

Middle Low German: *gurren

German Low German: gurren

Old Dutch: *gurron

Middle Dutch: gorren

Dutch: gorren (obsolete)

Afrikaans: gor

Old High German: *gurrōn

Middle High German: gurren

German: gurren

From Proto-Indo-European *gʰer- (“to make a noise, rattle, gurgle, grumble”).


garrōną

garrō (active first-person indicative singular)
garrǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
garrōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
garrōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
garrōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
garrō (active imperative second-person singular)
garrōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
garrōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
garrōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
garrō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
garrōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
garrōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
garrōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
garrōs (active dual first-person indicative)
garrōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
garrōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
garrōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
garrōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
garrōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
garrōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
garrōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
garrōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
garrōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
garrōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
garrōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
garrōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
garrōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
garrōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
garrōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
garrōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
garrōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
garrōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
garrōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
garrōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
garrōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
garrōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
garrōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
garrōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
garrōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
garrōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
garrōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
garrōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
garrōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
garrōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
garrōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
garrōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
garrōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
garrōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
garrōndz (active participle present)
garrōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *garrōn

Old Saxon: *garrōn

Middle Low German: garren

→ English: garre (obsolete)

Old Dutch: *garron

Middle Dutch: garren

Old High German: *garrōn

Middle High German: garren


garrijaną

garrijō (active first-person indicative singular)
garrijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
garrijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
garrīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
garrijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
garrī (active imperative second-person singular)
garrijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
garrijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
garrīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
garrijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
garrijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
garrijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
garrijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
garrijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
garrijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
garrijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
garrijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
garrijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
garrijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
garrijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
garrijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
garrijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
garrīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
garrijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
garrīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
garrijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
garrijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
garrijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
garrijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
garrijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
garrijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
garrijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
garridǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
garridēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
garridēz (active indicative second-person singular)
garridēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
garridē (active indicative singular third-person)
garridēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
garridēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
garridēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
garridēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
garridēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
garridēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
garridēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
garridēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
garridēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
garridēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
garridēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
garrijandz (active participle present)
garridaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *garrijan

desctree

Old English: ġyrran, ġirran, *ġierran
Middle English: ȝurren, ȝerren, ȝarren, yerren, yarren (merged with descendant of ġeorran)
English: yar
Scots: ȝarr, yirr, yerr, yarr

⇒ Old English: ġyrrettan

Old Saxon: *gerrian

Middle Low German: gerren

Old Dutch: *gerren

Middle Dutch: gerren

Dutch: gerren, gerriën (dialectal)

Old High German: *gerren

Middle High German: *gerren

>? German: girren


krebô

gem-decl-noun-table

*krebô

krebô (nominative singular)
krebaniz (nominative plural)
krebô (singular vocative)
krebaniz (plural vocative)
krebanų (accusative singular)
kurpunz (accusative plural)
kurpaz (genitive singular)
kurpǫ̂ (genitive plural)
krebini (dative singular)
krebummaz (dative plural)
kurpē? (instrumental singular)
krebummiz (instrumental plural)

Proto-West Germanic: *krebō

Old Frisian: *kreva

Saterland Frisian: Krääwe, Krääf

Old High German: *krebo

Middle High German: krebe

German: Krebe

From Proto-Indo-European *grébʰ-ōn ~ *grbʰ-n-ōs, from *grebʰ-, a variant of *gerbʰ- (“bunch, bundle, tuft, clump”), from *ger- (“to twist, turn”).

kurba

Proto-West Germanic: *kurbā; Old High German


muk-

Proto-West Germanic: *muk, *mok

Old English: *moc

⇒ Old English: hlōsmoc

Old Norse: *muk, *mok

⇒ Norwegian Nynorsk: mokdunge

From Proto-Indo-European *mew-g-, *mew-k- (“to be slippery, glide, slip; slime; slimy”). Cognate with Latin mūcus.

→ Norman: mucre

Old Norse: myki, mykrDanish: møg→ Swedish: mög Icelandic: myki, mykjaNorwegian Bokmål: møkkNorwegian Nynorsk: myk→ Middle English: muk, mokEnglish: muckScots: muk


gelpōną

gelpō (active first-person indicative singular)
gelpǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
gelpōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
gelpōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
gelpōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
gelpō (active imperative second-person singular)
gelpōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
gelpōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
gelpōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
gelpō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
gelpōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
gelpōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
gelpōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
gelpōs (active dual first-person indicative)
gelpōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
gelpōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
gelpōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
gelpōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
gelpōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
gelpōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
gelpōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
gelpōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
gelpōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
gelpōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
gelpōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
gelpōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
gelpōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
gelpōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
gelpōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
gelpōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
gelpōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
gelpōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
gelpōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
gelpōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
gelpōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
gelpōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
gelpōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
gelpōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
gelpōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
gelpōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
gelpōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
gelpōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
gelpōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
gelpōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
gelpōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
gelpōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
gelpōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
gelpōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
gelpōndz (active participle present)
gelpōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *gelpōn
Old High German: gelpfōn
→? Middle Low German: gelven

Old Norse: gjalpa

Icelandic: gjalpa


līmaz

līmaz (nominative singular)
līmōz (nominative plural)
līmōs (nominative plural)
līm (singular vocative)
līmōz (plural vocative)
līmōs (plural vocative)
līmą (accusative singular)
līmanz (accusative plural)
līmas (genitive singular)
līmis (genitive singular)
līmǫ̂ (genitive plural)
līmai (dative singular)
līmamaz (dative plural)
līmō (instrumental singular)
līmamiz (instrumental plural)

Proto-West Germanic: *līm
Old English: līm
Middle English: lym, lim, lime, lyme
English: lime
Old Frisian: *līm
West Frisian: lym
Old Saxon: līm
Middle Low German: lîm
→ Estonian: liim
Old Dutch: *līm
Middle Dutch: lijm
Dutch: lijm
Afrikaans: lym
Negerhollands: liem
→ Caribbean Javanese: lèm
→ Indonesian: lem
→ Papiamentu: leim, lijm, lym, leimu
Limburgish: liem
Old High German: līm
Middle High German: līm
Bavarian: Laam, Loam
German: Leim
Luxembourgish: Läim
Pennsylvania German: Leim

Old Norse: lím

Danish: lim

Norwegian Bokmål: lim

Norwegian Nynorsk: lim

Swedish: lim

Icelandic: lím

→ Finnish: liima

Within Germanic, related to *laimaz (“loam, mud, clay”), *laizą (“clay”) (whence Old Norse leir).
From Proto-Indo-European *h₂leyH-mo- (whence also līmus (“mud”)), from *h₂leyH- (“smear”); compare Sanskrit लयते (layate, “to cling”), Ancient Greek ἀλίνω (alínō, “to smear”), Latin linō (“to smear”).
Alternatively, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)ley- (“sticky, slimy”), in which case it is cognate with *slīmą (“slime, mucus”).


gumāną

gumō (active first-person indicative singular)
gumaisi (active indicative second-person singular)
gumai (active imperative second-person singular)
gumāsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
gumaiþi (active indicative singular third-person)
gumāþau (active imperative singular third-person)
gumāþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
gumōs (active dual first-person indicative)
gumāþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
gumāþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
gumāmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
gumānþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
gumaiþ (active indicative plural second-person)
gumaiþ (active imperative plural second-person)
gumānþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
gumānþi (active indicative plural third-person)
gumānþau (active imperative plural third-person)
gumānþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
gumadǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
gumadēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
gumadēz (active indicative second-person singular)
gumadēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
gumadē (active indicative singular third-person)
gumadēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
gumadēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
gumadēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
gumadēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
gumadēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
gumadēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
gumadēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
gumadēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
gumadēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
gumadēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
gumadēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
gumāndz (active participle present)
gumadaz (active participle past subjunctive)

⇒ Proto-West Germanic: *fragumēn

Old English: forgumian

Old Saxon: fargumōn

⇒ Proto-West Germanic: *ubargumēn

Old English: ofergumian

Old Norse: guma

Icelandic: guma

Kroonen assumes this is a stative verb created to an unattested adjective *gaumaz (“attentive”), whence also *gaumaz (“heed, attention”).
The zero-grade of the verb would be a secondary development.


stadigōną

stadigō (active first-person indicative singular)
stadigǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
stadigōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
stadigōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
stadigōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
stadigō (active imperative second-person singular)
stadigōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
stadigōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
stadigōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
stadigō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
stadigōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
stadigōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
stadigōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
stadigōs (active dual first-person indicative)
stadigōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
stadigōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
stadigōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
stadigōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
stadigōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
stadigōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
stadigōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
stadigōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
stadigōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
stadigōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
stadigōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
stadigōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
stadigōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
stadigōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
stadigōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
stadigōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
stadigōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
stadigōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
stadigōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
stadigōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
stadigōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
stadigōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
stadigōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
stadigōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
stadigōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
stadigōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
stadigōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
stadigōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
stadigōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
stadigōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
stadigōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
stadigōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
stadigōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
stadigōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
stadigōndz (active participle present)
stadigōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *stadigōn
Old English: stediġian
Old Frisian: *stedigia
⇒ Old Frisian: bistedigia
>? Old Saxon: *stadigōn, stedigōn (could be a descendant from *stādigōn instead)
Middle Low German: stādigen, stēdigen
>? Old Dutch: *stadigon, *stedigon (could be a descendant from *stādigōn instead)
Middle Dutch: stādigen, stēdigen
Dutch: stadigen, stedigen (obsolete)

Old Norse: *staðga, *steðga

Faroese: steðga

Old Swedish: staþga

Swedish: stadga


þiwī

þiwī (nominative singular)
þiwjôz (nominative plural)
þiwī (singular vocative)
þiwjôz (plural vocative)
þiwjǭ (accusative singular)
þiwjōz (accusative plural)
þiwjōz (genitive singular)
þiwjǫ̂ (genitive plural)
þiwjōi (dative singular)
þiwjōmaz (dative plural)
þiwjō (instrumental singular)
þiwjōmiz (instrumental plural)

Proto-West Germanic: *þiwi
Old Saxon: thiwi, thiu, thiw
Old High German: *diwi, diu
Middle High German: diu, dū, deu, tiu

Old Norse: þý

Icelandic: þý

Gothic: 𐌸𐌹𐍅𐌹 (þiwi)

Feminine equivalent to *þewaz (“servant”)


Fulkamērijaz

Proto-West Germanic: *Folkmārī
Old English: Folcmǣr
Old Frisian: *Folkmēr
West Frisian: Folkmar
Old Dutch: *Folcmār
Dutch: Folkmar
Old High German: *Folkmār
German: Volkmar, Folkmar, Folmar
Latin: Folcmarus, Volcmarus

Old Norse: *Folkmærr, Folkmarr

Danish: Folkmar

Norwegian: Folkmar

From *fulką (“people, folk”) + *mērijaz (“renowned, famous”).


dōbiz

dōbiz (masculine nominative singular strong)
dōbijai (masculine nominative plural strong)
dōbī (feminine nominative singular strong)
dōbijôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
dōbį (neuter nominative singular strong)
-jatō (neuter nominative singular strong)
dōbijō (neuter nominative plural strong)
dōbijanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
dōbijanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
dōbijǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
dōbijōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
dōbį (accusative neuter singular strong)
-jatō (accusative neuter singular strong)
dōbijō (accusative neuter plural strong)
dōbijas (genitive masculine singular strong)
dōbīs (genitive masculine singular strong)
dōbijaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
dōbijaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
dōbijaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
dōbijas (genitive neuter singular strong)
dōbīs (genitive neuter singular strong)
dōbijaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
dōbijammai (dative masculine singular strong)
dōbijaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
dōbijaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
dōbijaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
dōbijammai (dative neuter singular strong)
dōbijaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
dōbijanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
dōbijaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
dōbijaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
dōbijaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
dōbijanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
dōbijaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
dōbijô (masculine nominative singular weak)
dōbijaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
dōbijǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
dōbijōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
dōbijô (neuter nominative singular weak)
dōbijōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
dōbijanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
dōbijanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
dōbijōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
dōbijōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
dōbijô (accusative neuter singular weak)
dōbijōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
dōbīniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
dōbijanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
dōbijōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
dōbijōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
dōbīniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
dōbijanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
dōbīni (dative masculine singular weak)
dōbijammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
dōbijōni (dative feminine singular weak)
dōbijōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
dōbīni (dative neuter singular weak)
dōbijammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
dōbīnē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
dōbijammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
dōbijōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
dōbijōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
dōbīnē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
dōbijammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

Vṛddhi gerundive of *dabaną (“to be fitting”).


kazjô

gem-decl-noun-table

*kazjô (an-stem)

kazjô (nominative singular)
kazjaniz (nominative plural)
kazjô (singular vocative)
kazjaniz (plural vocative)
kazjanų (accusative singular)
kazjanunz (accusative plural)
kaziniz (genitive singular)
kazjanǫ̂ (genitive plural)
kazini (dative singular)
kazjammaz (dative plural)
kazinē (instrumental singular)
kazjammiz (instrumental plural)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *kaʀjō
Old English: *cere

Gothic 𐌺𐌰𐍃𐌾𐌰 (kasja)


balwōną

balwō (active first-person indicative singular)
balwǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
balwōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
balwōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
balwōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
balwō (active imperative second-person singular)
balwōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
balwōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
balwōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
balwō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
balwōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
balwōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
balwōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
balwōs (active dual first-person indicative)
balwōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
balwōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
balwōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
balwōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
balwōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
balwōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
balwōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
balwōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
balwōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
balwōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
balwōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
balwōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
balwōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
balwōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
balwōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
balwōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
balwōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
balwōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
balwōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
balwōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
balwōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
balwōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
balwōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
balwōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
balwōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
balwōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
balwōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
balwōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
balwōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
balwōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
balwōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
balwōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
balwōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
balwōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
balwōndz (active participle present)
balwōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *balwōn
>? Old Frisian: *balia
⇒ Old Frisian: forbalia
⇒ Old Frisian: urbalia
Old Saxon: *baluwōn
Middle Low German: *balwen
⇒ Middle Low German: vörbalwen, vorbalwen, vorballewen
Old Dutch: *baluwon
Middle Dutch: baluwen, baellewen
Old High German: *balawōn
⇒ Old High German: gibalawōn
→? Vulgar Latin: *balvō, *malvō (assimilated to Latin malus)
Galician: malvar
Old Spanish: malvar

Old Norse: bǫlva
Icelandic: bölva

Either derived from *balwą (“evil, misfortune”) + *-ōną or *balwaz (“evil, bad”) + *-ōną.


wōhmaz

wōhmaz (nominative singular)
wōhmōz (nominative plural)
wōhmōs (nominative plural)
wōhm (singular vocative)
wōhmōz (plural vocative)
wōhmōs (plural vocative)
wōhmą (accusative singular)
wōhmanz (accusative plural)
wōhmas (genitive singular)
wōhmis (genitive singular)
wōhmǫ̂ (genitive plural)
wōhmai (dative singular)
wōhmamaz (dative plural)
wōhmō (instrumental singular)
wōhmamiz (instrumental plural)

Proto-West Germanic: *wohm

Old English: wom

From Proto-Indo-European *wekʷ- (“to speak, sound”) + Proto-Indo-European *-mos


hlanþōną

hlanþō (active first-person indicative singular)
hlanþǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
hlanþōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
hlanþōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
hlanþōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
hlanþō (active imperative second-person singular)
hlanþōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
hlanþōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
hlanþōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
hlanþō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
hlanþōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
hlanþōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
hlanþōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
hlanþōs (active dual first-person indicative)
hlanþōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
hlanþōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
hlanþōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
hlanþōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
hlanþōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
hlanþōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
hlanþōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
hlanþōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
hlanþōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
hlanþōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
hlanþōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
hlanþōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
hlanþōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
hlanþōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
hlanþōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
hlanþōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
hlanþōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
hlanþōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
hlanþōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
hlanþōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
hlanþōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
hlanþōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
hlanþōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
hlanþōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
hlanþōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
hlanþōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
hlanþōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
hlanþōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
hlanþōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
hlanþōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
hlanþōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
hlanþōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
hlanþōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
hlanþōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
hlanþōndz (active participle present)
hlanþōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *hlanþōn
Old English: hlōþian

Old Norse: hlanna

Derived from *hlanþō (“loot, booty”) + *-ōną.


Gaizawulfaz

Gaizawulfaz (nominative singular)
Gaizawulf (singular vocative)
Gaizawulfą (accusative singular)
Gaizawulfai (dative singular)
Gaizawulfō (instrumental singular)

Proto-West Germanic: *Gaiʀwulf

Old English: Gārwulf

Old Dutch: *Gerolf

Dutch: Gerlof, Gerolf

Old High German: *Gerolf

German: Gerolf, Gerulf

Latin: Gerulfus, Gerolfus

French: Gérulphe

Italian: Gerolfo

Old Norse: *Geirulfr

Norwegian: Geirulf, Gjerulf

Icelandic: Geirólfur

Faroese: Geirolvur

From *gaizaz (“spear, pike, javelin”) + *wulfaz (“wolf”).


niþerōną

niþerō (active first-person indicative singular)
niþerǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
niþerōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
niþerōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
niþerōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
niþerō (active imperative second-person singular)
niþerōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
niþerōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
niþerōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
niþerō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
niþerōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
niþerōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
niþerōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
niþerōs (active dual first-person indicative)
niþerōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
niþerōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
niþerōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
niþerōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
niþerōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
niþerōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
niþerōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
niþerōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
niþerōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
niþerōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
niþerōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
niþerōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
niþerōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
niþerōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
niþerōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
niþerōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
niþerōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
niþerōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
niþerōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
niþerōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
niþerōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
niþerōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
niþerōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
niþerōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
niþerōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
niþerōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
niþerōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
niþerōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
niþerōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
niþerōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
niþerōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
niþerōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
niþerōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
niþerōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
niþerōndz (active participle present)
niþerōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *niþarōn
Old English: niþerian, neþerian, nyþerian
Middle English: netheren
English: nether, nither (dialectal)
Old Saxon: nitherōn
Middle Low German: nēderen, nedderen
Old Dutch: *nitheron
Middle Dutch: nēderen
Dutch: nederen (obsolete)

Old Norse: niðra

Icelandic: niðra

⇒ Swedish: förnedra


jeukāną

jeukō (active first-person indicative singular)
jeukaisi (active indicative second-person singular)
jeukai (active imperative second-person singular)
jeukāsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
jeukaiþi (active indicative singular third-person)
jeukāþau (active imperative singular third-person)
jeukāþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
jeukōs (active dual first-person indicative)
jeukāþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
jeukāþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
jeukāmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
jeukānþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
jeukaiþ (active indicative plural second-person)
jeukaiþ (active imperative plural second-person)
jeukānþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
jeukānþi (active indicative plural third-person)
jeukānþau (active imperative plural third-person)
jeukānþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
jeukadǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
jeukadēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
jeukadēz (active indicative second-person singular)
jeukadēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
jeukadē (active indicative singular third-person)
jeukadēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
jeukadēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
jeukadēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
jeukadēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
jeukadēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
jeukadēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
jeukadēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
jeukadēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
jeukadēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
jeukadēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
jeukadēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
jeukāndz (active participle present)
jeukadaz (active participle past subjunctive)

⇒ Proto-West Germanic: *jeukr

Old English: ġēocor

Gothic: 𐌾𐌹𐌿𐌺𐌰𐌽 (jiukan)

Likely from *yewǵ- (“to excite”). Possibly related to Proto-West Germanic *jukkjan. Middle High German jouchen (“to chase”) is likely related but seems to show a different ablaut grade.


sturnāną

sturnō (active first-person indicative singular)
sturnaisi (active indicative second-person singular)
sturnai (active imperative second-person singular)
sturnāsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
sturnaiþi (active indicative singular third-person)
sturnāþau (active imperative singular third-person)
sturnāþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
sturnōs (active dual first-person indicative)
sturnāþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
sturnāþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
sturnāmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
sturnānþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
sturnaiþ (active indicative plural second-person)
sturnaiþ (active imperative plural second-person)
sturnānþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
sturnānþi (active indicative plural third-person)
sturnānþau (active imperative plural third-person)
sturnānþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
sturnadǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
sturnadēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
sturnadēz (active indicative second-person singular)
sturnadēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
sturnadē (active indicative singular third-person)
sturnadēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
sturnadēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
sturnadēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
sturnadēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
sturnadēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
sturnadēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
sturnadēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
sturnadēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
sturnadēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
sturnadēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
sturnadēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
sturnāndz (active participle present)
sturnadaz (active participle past subjunctive)
sturrō (active first-person indicative singular)
sturraisi (active indicative second-person singular)
sturrai (active imperative second-person singular)
sturrāsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
sturraiþi (active indicative singular third-person)
sturrāþau (active imperative singular third-person)
sturrāþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
sturrōs (active dual first-person indicative)
sturrāþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
sturrāþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
sturrāmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
sturrānþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
sturraiþ (active indicative plural second-person)
sturraiþ (active imperative plural second-person)
sturrānþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
sturrānþi (active indicative plural third-person)
sturrānþau (active imperative plural third-person)
sturrānþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
sturradǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
sturradēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
sturradēz (active indicative second-person singular)
sturradēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
sturradē (active indicative singular third-person)
sturradēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
sturradēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
sturradēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
sturradēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
sturradēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
sturradēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
sturradēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
sturradēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
sturradēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
sturradēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
sturradēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
sturrāndz (active participle present)
sturradaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *storrēn, *stornēn

Old High German: storrēn, stornēn

Middle High German: storren

Gothic: *𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍂𐌰𐌽 (*staurran)

⇒ Gothic: 𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍂𐌰𐌽 (andstaurran)

Kroonen suggests that this verb could be nasal infix present to Proto-Indo-European *sterh₁- (“to be stiff”).
The infix caused a consonant alternation in the root, the singular *str-néh₁-ti would result in a root with *sturr-.
Whereas the plural *str-nh₁-énti would result in a root with *sturn-.


Þeudōmēraz

Þeudōmēraz (nominative singular)
Þeudōmēr (singular vocative)
Þeudōmērą (accusative singular)
Þeudōmēras (genitive singular)
Þeudōmēris (genitive singular)
Þeudōmērai (dative singular)
Þeudōmērō (instrumental singular)

Proto-West Germanic: *Þeudumārī

Old English: Þēodmǣr

Old High German: *Diotmar

German: Dietmar

Old Norse: *Þjóðmærr

Gothic: *𐌸𐌹𐌿𐌳𐌰𐌼𐌹𐍂 (*þiudamir)

Latin: Theodomarus, Theodemirus

English: Theodemer

Spanish: Teodomiro

/ˈθeu̯.ðɔː.ˌmɛː.rɑz/

From *þeudō (“people”) + *mēraz (“famous”).


dauniz

dauniz (nominative singular)
daunīz (nominative plural)
dauni (singular vocative)
daunīz (plural vocative)
daunį (accusative singular)
dauninz (accusative plural)
daunīz (genitive singular)
daunijǫ̂ (genitive plural)
daunī (dative singular)
daunimaz (dative plural)
daunī (instrumental singular)
daunimiz (instrumental plural)

Proto-West Germanic: *dauni

Old English: *dēan, *dīen

Middle English: *dene, *deen, *dein

English: (dialectal) dain

Old Norse: daunn

Icelandic: daunn

Gothic: 𐌳𐌰𐌿𐌽𐍃 f (dauns)

From Proto-Indo-European *dʰowh₂-nis, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰewh₂- (“smoke, fume, mist, haze”).


gangijô

gem-decl-noun-table

*gangijô (an-stem)

gangijô (nominative singular)
gangijaniz (nominative plural)
gangijô (singular vocative)
gangijaniz (plural vocative)
gangijanų (accusative singular)
gangijanunz (accusative plural)
gangīniz (genitive singular)
gangijanǫ̂ (genitive plural)
gangīni (dative singular)
gangijammaz (dative plural)
gangīnē (instrumental singular)
gangijammiz (instrumental plural)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *gangijō
Old English: *genga
Middle English: -genge
Old Frisian: *gendza
⇒ Old Frisian: brâdgenga
⇒ Old Frisian: stefgenga
Old High German: *gengo
Old High German: gimeitgengo

/ˈɣɑŋ.ɡi.jɔːː/


wēragangijô

gem-decl-noun-table

*wēragangijô (an-stem)

wēragangijô (nominative singular)
wēragangijaniz (nominative plural)
wēragangijô (singular vocative)
wēragangijaniz (plural vocative)
wēragangijanų (accusative singular)
wēragangijanunz (accusative plural)
wēragangīniz (genitive singular)
wēragangijanǫ̂ (genitive plural)
wēragangīni (dative singular)
wēragangijammaz (dative plural)
wēragangīnē (instrumental singular)
wēragangijammiz (instrumental plural)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *wāragangijō
Old English: wǣrgenġa, wērgenġa
Lombardic: waregango
→ Medieval Latin: guaregangus, wargengus, warengangus
Italian: guargango

Old Norse: væringi, væringr

→ Medieval Latin: Varingus, Waringus

→ Ancient Greek: Βάραγγος (Bárangos), Φάργανος (Phárganos)
Greek: Βάραγγος (Várangos)
→ Old Church Slavonic: варѧгъ (varęgŭ)
→ Old East Slavic: варѧгъ (varęgŭ) (learned)
Old Ruthenian: варѧ́гъ (varjáh), вара́гъ (varáh)
Belarusian: вара́г (varáh)
Carpathian Rusyn: Варя́г (Varjáh)
Ukrainian: варя́г (varjáh)
Russian: варя́г (varjág) (see there for further descendants)
→ English: Varangian (learned)

→ Icelandic: væringi (learned)

→ Faroese: væringi (learned)

→ Norwegian Bokmål: væring (learned)

→ Norwegian Nynorsk: væring (learned)

→ Swedish: väring (learned)

→ Danish: væring (learned)

/ˌwɛːrɑˈɣɑŋ.ɡi.jɔːː/

From *wēraz (“true”) + *gangijô (“goer”).


grōnāną

grōnō (active first-person indicative singular)
grōnaisi (active indicative second-person singular)
grōnai (active imperative second-person singular)
grōnāsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
grōnaiþi (active indicative singular third-person)
grōnāþau (active imperative singular third-person)
grōnāþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
grōnōs (active dual first-person indicative)
grōnāþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
grōnāþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
grōnāmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
grōnānþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
grōnaiþ (active indicative plural second-person)
grōnaiþ (active imperative plural second-person)
grōnānþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
grōnānþi (active indicative plural third-person)
grōnānþau (active imperative plural third-person)
grōnānþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
grōnadǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
grōnadēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
grōnadēz (active indicative second-person singular)
grōnadēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
grōnadē (active indicative singular third-person)
grōnadēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
grōnadēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
grōnadēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
grōnadēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
grōnadēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
grōnadēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
grōnadēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
grōnadēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
grōnadēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
grōnadēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
grōnadēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
grōnāndz (active participle present)
grōnadaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *grōnēn
Old English: grēnian
Middle English: grenen
English: green
Old Frisian: *grēnia
West Frisian: grienje
Saterland Frisian: gräinje
Old Saxon: *grōnōn
Middle Low German: grônen
Old Dutch: *gruonon, gruonen (attested as an intransitive class 1 weak verb, which suggests an early merger)
Middle Dutch: groenen
Dutch: groenen
Old High German: gruonēn
Middle High German: gruonen
German: grünen

Old Norse: gróna

Icelandic: gróna

/ˈɣrɔː.nɑː.nɑ̃/


wanô

gem-decl-noun-table

*wanô (an-stem)

wanô (nominative singular)
wananiz (nominative plural)
wanô (singular vocative)
wananiz (plural vocative)
wananų (accusative singular)
wananunz (accusative plural)
waniniz (genitive singular)
wananǫ̂ (genitive plural)
wanini (dative singular)
wanammaz (dative plural)
waninē (instrumental singular)
wanammiz (instrumental plural)

Proto-West Germanic: *wanō

Old English: wana, wona

Middle English: wane, wone

English: wane

Scots: wane

⇒ Old English: ġewana

Old Norse: vani


Sigimunduz

Sigimunduz (nominative singular)
Sigimundu (singular vocative)
Sigimundų (accusative singular)
Sigimundauz (genitive singular)
Sigimundū (instrumental singular)

Proto-West Germanic: *Sigimundu

Old English: Sigemund

desc

Middle English: Symount (conflated with Old Northern French Sigmund and Latin Simon)

English: Simon

Scots: Simon

Old Saxon: Sigimund

Old High German: Sigimunt

Middle High German: Sigemunt

desctree

German: Siegmund, Sigmund, Sigismund
→ English: Sigmund
→ Polish: Zygmunt
→ Lithuanian: Žygimantas
→ Old Ruthenian: Жыґимо́нтъ (Žygimónt), Жыкгимо́нътъ (Žygimónt), Жикгимо́нтъ (Žigimónt), Жікгимо́нтъ (Žigimónt), Żykhimónt, Жыкгмо́нтъ (Žygmónt), Жигмо́нтъ (Žihmónt), Жигмо́нть (Žihmóntʹ), Zimónt, Жидимо́нтъ (Židimónt), Зигму́нтъ (Zihmúnt)
> Belarusian: Жыгімо́нт (Žyhimónt) (inherited)
> Ukrainian: Жиґимо́нт (Žygymónt) (inherited)
→ Serbo-Croatian:
Latin script: Sigmund
Cyrillic script: Сѝгмунд

→ Hungarian: Zsigmond

→ Slovak: Žigmund

desc

→ Latin: Sigmundus, Sigismundus (possibly influenced by or from Gothic)

Italian: Sigismondo, Gismondo

→ Spanish: Segismundo

→ English: Sigismund

→ French: Sigismond

→ Latvian: Sigismunds

→ Portuguese: Sigismundo

Old Norse: Sigmundr

Icelandic: Sigmundur

Faroese: Sigmundur

Norwegian: Sigmund

Old Swedish: Sigmunder

Swedish: Sigmund

→ Old Northern French: Sigmund

for <i class="Polyt mention" lang="grc">Σεγιμοΰντος</i> (Segimoǘntos)

→ Ancient Greek: Σεμιγοΰντος (Semigoǘntos) (for Σεγιμοΰντος (Segimoǘntos))

→ Latin: Segimundus

From *sigiz (“victory”) + *mundō (“protection”).


drunkanāną

drunkanō (active first-person indicative singular)
drunkanaisi (active indicative second-person singular)
drunkanai (active imperative second-person singular)
drunkanāsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
drunkanaiþi (active indicative singular third-person)
drunkanāþau (active imperative singular third-person)
drunkanāþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
drunkanōs (active dual first-person indicative)
drunkanāþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
drunkanāþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
drunkanāmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
drunkanānþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
drunkanaiþ (active indicative plural second-person)
drunkanaiþ (active imperative plural second-person)
drunkanānþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
drunkanānþi (active indicative plural third-person)
drunkanānþau (active imperative plural third-person)
drunkanānþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
drunkanadǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
drunkanadēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
drunkanadēz (active indicative second-person singular)
drunkanadēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
drunkanadē (active indicative singular third-person)
drunkanadēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
drunkanadēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
drunkanadēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
drunkanadēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
drunkanadēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
drunkanadēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
drunkanadēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
drunkanadēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
drunkanadēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
drunkanadēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
drunkanadēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
drunkanāndz (active participle present)
drunkanadaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *drunkanēn
Old English: druncnian
Middle English: dronknen, drunknen, drunkenen
English: drunken (verb)
Old High German: trunkanēn, trunkanōn

Old Norse: drukna, drukkna
Icelandic: drukkna
Norwegian Nynorsk: drukna
Danish: drukne
Norwegian Bokmål: drukne


gadurzaną

gadars (active first-person indicative singular)
gadurzį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
gadarst (active indicative second-person singular)
gadurzīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
gadars (active indicative singular third-person)
gadurzī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
gadurzū (active dual first-person indicative)
gadurzīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
gadurzudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
gadurzīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
gadurzum (active first-person indicative plural)
gadurzīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
gadurzud (active indicative plural second-person)
gadurzīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
gadurzun (active indicative plural third-person)
gadurzīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
gadurstǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
gadurstēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
gadurstēz (active indicative second-person singular)
gadurstēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
gadurstē (active indicative singular third-person)
gadurstēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
gadurstēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
gadurstēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
gadurstēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
gadurstēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
gadurstēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
gadurstēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
gadurstēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
gadurstēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
gadurstēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
gadurstēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
gadurzandz (active participle present)
gadurstaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *gadurʀan
Old Saxon: gidurran
Middle Low German: gedoren, gedören, gedörren
Old Dutch: *gidurran
Middle Dutch: gedoren, gedören, gedörren
Dutch: gedoren, gedören, gedörren
Old High German: giturran
Middle High German: geturren, getürren, gitürren

Gothic: 𐌲𐌰𐌳𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍃𐌰𐌽 (gadaursan)


sairą

sairą (nominative singular)
sairō (nominative plural)
sairą (singular vocative)
sairō (plural vocative)
sairą (accusative singular)
sairō (accusative plural)
sairas (genitive singular)
sairis (genitive singular)
sairǫ̂ (genitive plural)
sairai (dative singular)
sairamaz (dative plural)
sairō (instrumental singular)
sairamiz (instrumental plural)

Gothic: 𐍃𐌰𐌹𐍂 (sair)

Proto-West Germanic: *sair
Old English: sār
English: sore
Old Dutch: sēr
Middle Dutch: sêer
Dutch: zeer

Proto-Norse: *ᛊᚨᛁᚱᚨ (*saira)
Old Norse: sár
Icelandic: sár
Faroese: sár
Norwegian Nynorsk: sår
Norwegian Bokmål: sår
Old Swedish: sār
Swedish: sår
Old Danish: saar, sār
Danish: sår


Gaizawaldaz

Gaizawaldaz (nominative singular)
Gaizawald (singular vocative)
Gaizawaldą (accusative singular)
Gaizawaldai (dative singular)
Gaizawaldō (instrumental singular)

Proto-West Germanic: *Gaiʀwald

Old English: Gārwald, Old English: *Gārweald

Old High German: *Gerwalt

German: Gerold

Frankish: *Gaiʀwald

Latin: Geraldus

Spanish: Geraldo

Portuguese: Geraldo

Italian: Geraldo

French: Gérald, Géraud

English: Gerald

Old Norse: *Geiraldr

Norwegian Nynorsk: Geirvald

From *gaizaz (“spear, pike, javelin”) + *waldaz (“powerful, mighty”).


ganāną

ganō (active first-person indicative singular)
ganaisi (active indicative second-person singular)
ganai (active imperative second-person singular)
ganāsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
ganaiþi (active indicative singular third-person)
ganāþau (active imperative singular third-person)
ganāþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
ganōs (active dual first-person indicative)
ganāþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
ganāþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
ganāmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
ganānþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
ganaiþ (active indicative plural second-person)
ganaiþ (active imperative plural second-person)
ganānþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
ganānþi (active indicative plural third-person)
ganānþau (active imperative plural third-person)
ganānþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
ganadǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
ganadēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
ganadēz (active indicative second-person singular)
ganadēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
ganadē (active indicative singular third-person)
ganadēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
ganadēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
ganadēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
ganadēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
ganadēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
ganadēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
ganadēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
ganadēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
ganadēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
ganadēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
ganadēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
ganāndz (active participle present)
ganadaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *ganēn

Old Frisian: *jania

North Frisian: jåne

Saterland Frisian: jaanje, joanje

Old Saxon: *ganōn

Middle Low German: jānen

German Low German: jahnen

Old Norse: gana

>? Gothic: *𐌲𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌽 (*ganan)

desctree

→ Latin: gano
Aragonese: ganar
Old Leonese: [Term?]
Asturian: ganar
Leonese: ganare
Old Galician-Portuguese: gãar, guaanhar, gaanhar; gaar
Galician: gañar
Portuguese: ganhar
Old Spanish: ganar
Ladino: ganar
Spanish: ganar

/ˈɣɑ.nɑː.nɑ̃/

According to Kroonen this stative verb is backformed from an original nasal-present Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰh₂-néh₂-, which is derived from the root *ǵʰeh₂- and suffix *-néh₂-.
Alternatively it could be derived from the noun *ganaz (“yawn”) + *-āną.


þerkōną

þerkō (active first-person indicative singular)
þerkǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
þerkōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
þerkōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
þerkōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
þerkō (active imperative second-person singular)
þerkōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
þerkōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
þerkōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
þerkō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
þerkōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
þerkōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
þerkōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
þerkōs (active dual first-person indicative)
þerkōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
þerkōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
þerkōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
þerkōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
þerkōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
þerkōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
þerkōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
þerkōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
þerkōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
þerkōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
þerkōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
þerkōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
þerkōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
þerkōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
þerkōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
þerkōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
þerkōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
þerkōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
þerkōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
þerkōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
þerkōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
þerkōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
þerkōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
þerkōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
þerkōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
þerkōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
þerkōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
þerkōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
þerkōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
þerkōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
þerkōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
þerkōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
þerkōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
þerkōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
þerkōndz (active participle present)
þerkōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *þerkōn

Old English: *þercian

⇒ Old English: āþercian

⇒ Old English: eftþercian

Old Norse: þjarka

Icelandic: þjarka

/ˈθɛr.kɔː.nɑ̃/

Related to Sanskrit तर्जति (tarjati, “to threaten”) and Ancient Greek ταρβέω (tarbéō, “to be afraid”).


writtōną

writtō (active first-person indicative singular)
writtǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
writtōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
writtōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
writtōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
writtō (active imperative second-person singular)
writtōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
writtōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
writtōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
writtō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
writtōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
writtōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
writtōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
writtōs (active dual first-person indicative)
writtōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
writtōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
writtōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
writtōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
writtōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
writtōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
writtōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
writtōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
writtōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
writtōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
writtōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
writtōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
writtōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
writtōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
writtōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
writtōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
writtōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
writtōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
writtōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
writtōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
writtōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
writtōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
writtōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
writtōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
writtōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
writtōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
writtōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
writtōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
writtōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
writtōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
writtōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
writtōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
writtōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
writtōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
writtōndz (active participle present)
writtōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *writtōn, *writōn

Old English: writian

Old Saxon: *writtōn

Middle Low German: written

Old High German: rizzōn, rezzōn

Middle High German: ritzen

German: ritzen

→ Middle Dutch: ritsen

Dutch: ritsen

→ West Frisian: ritse, ritsje

Old Norse: rita

Faroese: rita

An iterative verb to the strong verb *wrītaną, from Proto-Indo-European *wrid-néh₂-ti


halsōną

halsō (active first-person indicative singular)
halsǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
halsōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
halsōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
halsōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
halsō (active imperative second-person singular)
halsōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
halsōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
halsōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
halsō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
halsōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
halsōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
halsōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
halsōs (active dual first-person indicative)
halsōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
halsōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
halsōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
halsōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
halsōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
halsōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
halsōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
halsōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
halsōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
halsōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
halsōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
halsōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
halsōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
halsōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
halsōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
halsōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
halsōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
halsōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
halsōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
halsōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
halsōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
halsōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
halsōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
halsōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
halsōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
halsōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
halsōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
halsōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
halsōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
halsōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
halsōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
halsōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
halsōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
halsōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
halsōndz (active participle present)
halsōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *halsōn
Old English: *healsian
Middle English: halsen, hals, halse, hallesyn
English: halse
Middle Scots: hals, halse
Scots: hause
Old Saxon: *halsōn
Middle Low German: halsen
Old Dutch: *halson
Middle Dutch: halsen
Dutch: halzen
Old High German: halsōn
Middle High German: halsen

Old Norse: halsa

Icelandic: hálsa

Swedish: halsa


muldawurpiz

muldawurpiz (nominative singular)
muldawurpīz (nominative plural)
muldawurpi (singular vocative)
muldawurpīz (plural vocative)
muldawurpį (accusative singular)
muldawurpinz (accusative plural)
muldawurpīz (genitive singular)
muldawurpijǫ̂ (genitive plural)
muldawurpī (dative singular)
muldawurpimaz (dative plural)
muldawurpī (instrumental singular)
muldawurpimiz (instrumental plural)

Old English: moldeweorpe, wandeweorpe

Middle English: moldewarpe

English: mouldwarp

Scots modewarp


þekwōną

þekwō (active first-person indicative singular)
þekwǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
þekwōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
þekwōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
þekwōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
þekwō (active imperative second-person singular)
þekwōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
þekwōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
þekwōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
þekwō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
þekwōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
þekwōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
þekwōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
þekwōs (active dual first-person indicative)
þekwōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
þekwōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
þekwōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
þekwōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
þekwōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
þekwōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
þekwōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
þekwōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
þekwōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
þekwōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
þekwōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
þekwōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
þekwōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
þekwōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
þekwōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
þekwōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
þekwōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
þekwōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
þekwōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
þekwōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
þekwōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
þekwōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
þekwōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
þekwōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
þekwōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
þekwōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
þekwōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
þekwōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
þekwōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
þekwōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
þekwōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
þekwōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
þekwōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
þekwōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
þekwōndz (active participle present)
þekwōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *þikkwōn
Old English: þiccian
Middle English: thikken, thykken, þikken, þicken, thicke
English: thick (archaic)
Scots: thik
Old Saxon: *thikkōn
Middle Low German: dikken
Old Dutch: *thickon
Middle Dutch: dicken
Dutch: dikken
Old High German: dikkōn
Middle High German: dikken

Old Norse: þjokkva, þykkva, þykkja

Icelandic: þykkja


þawanōną

þawanō (active first-person indicative singular)
þawanǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
þawanōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
þawanōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
þawanōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
þawanō (active imperative second-person singular)
þawanōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
þawanōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
þawanōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
þawanō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
þawanōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
þawanōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
þawanōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
þawanōs (active dual first-person indicative)
þawanōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
þawanōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
þawanōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
þawanōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
þawanōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
þawanōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
þawanōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
þawanōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
þawanōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
þawanōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
þawanōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
þawanōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
þawanōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
þawanōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
þawanōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
þawanōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
þawanōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
þawanōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
þawanōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
þawanōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
þawanōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
þawanōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
þawanōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
þawanōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
þawanōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
þawanōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
þawanōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
þawanōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
þawanōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
þawanōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
þawanōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
þawanōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
þawanōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
þawanōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
þawanōndz (active participle present)
þawanōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *þawanōn

Old English: þānian, þwǣnan, þāwenian

Old Norse: þána

Icelandic: þána

Faroese: tána

/ˈθɑu̯.ɑ.nɔː.nɑ̃/


stundōną

stundō (active first-person indicative singular)
stundǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
stundōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
stundōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
stundōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
stundō (active imperative second-person singular)
stundōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
stundōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
stundōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
stundō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
stundōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
stundōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
stundōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
stundōs (active dual first-person indicative)
stundōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
stundōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
stundōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
stundōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
stundōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
stundōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
stundōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
stundōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
stundōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
stundōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
stundōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
stundōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
stundōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
stundōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
stundōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
stundōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
stundōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
stundōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
stundōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
stundōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
stundōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
stundōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
stundōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
stundōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
stundōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
stundōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
stundōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
stundōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
stundōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
stundōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
stundōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
stundōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
stundōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
stundōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
stundōndz (active participle present)
stundōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *stundōn
Old English: *stundian
Middle English: stounden, stunden
English: stound
⇒ Old English: āstundian
Old Saxon: *stundōn
Middle Low German: stunden
Old High German: *stundōn
Middle High German: stunden
German: stunden

Old Norse: stunda

Faroese: stunda

Icelandic: stunda

Norwegian:

Norwegian Bokmål: stunde

Norwegian Nynorsk: stunde, stunda

Swedish: stunda

Danish: stunde


haljōwītiją

haljōwītiją (nominative singular)
haljōwītijō (nominative plural)
haljōwītiją (singular vocative)
haljōwītijō (plural vocative)
haljōwītiją (accusative singular)
haljōwītijō (accusative plural)
haljōwītijas (genitive singular)
haljōwītīs (genitive singular)
haljōwītijǫ̂ (genitive plural)
haljōwītijai (dative singular)
haljōwītijamaz (dative plural)
haljōwītijō (instrumental singular)
haljōwītijamiz (instrumental plural)

Old English: hellewite
Middle English: hellewite, helle wite

Old Saxon: helliwīti

Old Norse: helvíti (calque?)

Icelandic: helvíti

Faroese: helviti

Norwegian: helvete

Swedish: helvete

Danish: helvede

From *haljō (“hell, underworld”) + *wītiją (“punishment”)


dabanōną

dabanō (active first-person indicative singular)
dabanǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
dabanōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
dabanōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
dabanōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
dabanō (active imperative second-person singular)
dabanōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
dabanōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
dabanōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
dabanō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
dabanōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
dabanōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
dabanōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
dabanōs (active dual first-person indicative)
dabanōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
dabanōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
dabanōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
dabanōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
dabanōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
dabanōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
dabanōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
dabanōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
dabanōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
dabanōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
dabanōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
dabanōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
dabanōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
dabanōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
dabanōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
dabanōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
dabanōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
dabanōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
dabanōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
dabanōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
dabanōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
dabanōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
dabanōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
dabanōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
dabanōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
dabanōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
dabanōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
dabanōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
dabanōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
dabanōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
dabanōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
dabanōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
dabanōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
dabanōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
dabanōndz (active participle present)
dabanōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *dabanōn

Old English: dafenian, dafnian

Old Norse: dafna

Icelandic: dafna

/ˈdɑ.βɑ.nɑː.nɑ̃/

From *dabanaz (“past participle of *dabaną”) + *-ōną.


skattōną

skattō (active first-person indicative singular)
skattǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
skattōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
skattōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
skattōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
skattō (active imperative second-person singular)
skattōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
skattōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
skattōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
skattō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
skattōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
skattōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
skattōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
skattōs (active dual first-person indicative)
skattōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
skattōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
skattōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
skattōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
skattōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
skattōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
skattōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
skattōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
skattōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
skattōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
skattōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
skattōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
skattōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
skattōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
skattōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
skattōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
skattōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
skattōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
skattōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
skattōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
skattōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
skattōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
skattōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
skattōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
skattōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
skattōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
skattōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
skattōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
skattōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
skattōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
skattōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
skattōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
skattōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
skattōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
skattōndz (active participle present)
skattōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *skattōn, *skattēn (given the single attestation of a class 3 weak verb in OHG); *skattijan (uncertain; possibly suggested by some descendants)
Old Frisian: *skattia (attested in brandskattia); *sketta
West Frisian: skatte (with an unetymological class 1 inflection)
Saterland Frisian: skatsje (possibly a new formation derived from Skats); skätte
⇒ Old Frisian: skattinge, skettinge
Old Saxon: *skattōn; *skattian
Middle Low German: schatten; *schetten (in brandschetten, twēschetten, etc.)
German Low German: schatten
Old Dutch: *skatton; *skatten
Middle Dutch: scatten, schatten; scetten
Dutch: schatten
Old High German: skazzōn; skazzēn
Middle High German: schatzen; schetzen
German: (archaic) schatzen; schätzen
→ Middle Low German: schetzen

Old Norse: skatta

Icelandic: skatta

Norwegian:

Norwegian Bokmål: skatte

Norwegian Nynorsk: skatte, skatta

Swedish: skatta

Danish: skatte

From *skattaz (“treasure, wealth”) + *-ōną.