stōraz

*stōraz (a-stem)

stōraz (masculine nominative singular strong)
stōrai (masculine nominative plural strong)
stōrō (feminine nominative singular strong)
stōrôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
stōrą (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
stōrō (neuter nominative plural strong)
stōranǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
stōranz (accusative masculine plural strong)
stōrǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
stōrōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
stōrą (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
stōrō (accusative neuter plural strong)
stōras (genitive masculine singular strong)
-is (genitive masculine singular strong)
stōraizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
stōraizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
stōraizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
stōras (genitive neuter singular strong)
-is (genitive neuter singular strong)
stōraizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
stōrammai (dative masculine singular strong)
stōraimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
stōraizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
stōraimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
stōrammai (dative neuter singular strong)
stōraimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
stōranō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
stōraimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
stōraizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
stōraimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
stōranō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
stōraimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
stōrô (masculine nominative singular weak)
stōraniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
stōrǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
stōrōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
stōrô (neuter nominative singular weak)
stōrōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
stōranų (accusative masculine singular weak)
stōranunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
stōrōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
stōrōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
stōrô (accusative neuter singular weak)
stōrōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
stōriniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
stōranǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
stōrōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
stōrōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
stōriniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
stōranǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
stōrini (dative masculine singular weak)
stōrammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
stōrōni (dative feminine singular weak)
stōrōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
stōrini (dative neuter singular weak)
stōrammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
stōrinē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
stōrammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
stōrōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
stōrōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
stōrinē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
stōrammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *stōr, *stōrī
Old English: stōr
Middle English: store, stoor, stour; (stur?)
Scots: stour, stoure, sture, stoor, stoar
English: stoor, stour
Old Frisian: stōr
Saterland Frisian: stor
West Frisian: stoer
Old Saxon: stōri
Old High German: stūr, stūri, stiuri

Old Norse: stórr
Icelandic: stór
Faroese: stórur
Norn: stur
Norwegian Nynorsk: stor; (dialectal) stór’u, stór’e
Elfdalian: stur
Old Swedish: stōr, stur
Swedish: stor
Danish: stor
Norwegian Bokmål: stor
Gutnish: stäur

→ Proto-Samic:

Northern Sami: stuoris

Southern Sami: stueries

From Proto-Indo-European *steh₂-ro- (“large, big, thick; old”), from *steh₂-. Cognate with Proto-Slavic *starъ (“old”), Lithuanian stóras (“thick”).


likkōną

likkō (active first-person indicative singular)
likkǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
likkōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
likkōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
likkōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
likkō (active imperative second-person singular)
likkōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
likkōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
likkōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
likkō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
likkōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
likkōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
likkōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
likkōs (active dual first-person indicative)
likkōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
likkōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
likkōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
likkōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
likkōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
likkōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
likkōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
likkōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
likkōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
likkōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
likkōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
likkōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
likkōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
likkōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
likkōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
likkōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
likkōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
likkōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
likkōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
likkōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
likkōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
likkōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
likkōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
likkōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
likkōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
likkōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
likkōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
likkōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
likkōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
likkōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
likkōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
likkōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
likkōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
likkōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
likkōndz (active participle present)
likkōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *likkōn
Old English: liccian
Middle English: likken, licken
Scots: lik
English: lick
Old Frisian: *likkia, *likja
Saterland Frisian: likje
West Frisian: likke
Old Saxon: likkōn, lekkōn
Middle Low German: licken, lecken
Low German: licken
→ Danish: likke
Old Dutch: leccon
Middle Dutch: lecken
Dutch: likken
Limburgish: lekke
Old High German: leccōn, lechhōn, lechōn
Middle High German: lëcken
German: lecken
Hunsrik: lecke
Luxembourgish: lecken
Vilamovian: łakia
Yiddish: לעקן (lekn)
→ Old French: lekier, lescher, lechier, lecher
Middle French: lécher
French: lécher
→ Middle English: lechen
English: lech
→ Occitan: lecar, lechar
→ Italian: leccare

From Pre-Germanic *liǵʰnéh₂-, from Proto-Indo-European *leyǵʰ- (“to lick”). Cognate with Latin lingō (“lick”, verb).


sindraz

sindraz (nominative singular)
sindrōz (nominative plural)
sindrōs (nominative plural)
sindr (singular vocative)
sindrōz (plural vocative)
sindrōs (plural vocative)
sindrą (accusative singular)
sindranz (accusative plural)
sindras (genitive singular)
sindris (genitive singular)
sindrǫ̂ (genitive plural)
sindrai (dative singular)
sindramaz (dative plural)
sindrō (instrumental singular)
sindramiz (instrumental plural)

Proto-West Germanic: *sindr

Old English: sinder

Middle English: sinder, cinder

Scots: sinder

English: cinder

Old Saxon: sinder

desc

Middle Low German: sinder, sinter, sünder; sindel

→ West Frisian: sindel, sintel

Old Dutch: *sindar

Middle Dutch: sinder

Dutch: sinder (obsolete)

Flemish: zinder

Old High German: sindar, sintar; sindir, sintir

Middle High German: sinder, sinter; sintel

German: Sinter

→ English: sinter

→ Middle Dutch: sintel

Dutch: sintel

→ Old French: sendre

Old Norse: sindr

Icelandic: sindur

Norwegian: sinder

Old Swedish: sinder

Swedish: sinder

Danish: sinder

From Proto-Indo-European *sendʰro- (“coagulating fluid, scale, dross”). Cognate with Old Church Slavonic сядра (sjadra, “lime cinder, gypsum”), Serbo-Croatian седра (sedra, “calcareous incrustation, tuff”).


sūz

sūz (nominative singular)
suwiz (nominative plural)
sū (singular vocative)
suwiz (plural vocative)
suwų (accusative singular)
suwunz (accusative plural)
suwiz (genitive singular)
sūǫ̂ (genitive plural)
suwi (dative singular)
suwumaz (dative plural)
sūē (instrumental singular)
suwumiz (instrumental plural)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *sū
Old English: sū
Old Saxon: sū
Old High German: sū
Middle High German: sū
Alemannic German: Suu, Sou, Sau
Central Franconian: Sau, Sou (spelling variant, chiefly used for Moselle Franconian dialects)
Hunsrik: Sau
German: Sau
Luxembourgish: Sau
Rhine Franconian:
Pennsylvania German: Sau
Vilamovian: zaoj

Old Norse:

Old West Norse: sýr
Icelandic: sýr
Faroese: súgv
Norwegian Nynorsk: su

Old East Norse: *sōʀ

Old Swedish: sō

Swedish: so

Danish: so

From Proto-Indo-European *suH- (“pig, hog, swine”). See there for cognates.


galōfô

galōfô (nominative singular)
galōfaniz (nominative plural)
galōfô (singular vocative)
galōfaniz (plural vocative)
galōfanų (accusative singular)
galōfanunz (accusative plural)
galōfiniz (genitive singular)
galōfanǫ̂ (genitive plural)
galōfini (dative singular)
galōfammaz (dative plural)
galōfinē (instrumental singular)
galōfammiz (instrumental plural)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *galōfō, *glōfō, *galōfā, *glōfā
Old English: glōf, glōfe f, glōfa m
Middle English: glofe, glove
English: glove
Scots: gluve, gluive

Old Norse: glófi

Icelandic: glófi

Faroese: glógvi

/ɣɑ.ˈlɔː.ɸɔːː/

From *ga- (associative prefix) + *lōfô (“palm of the hand”).


hnaskuz

hnaskuz (masculine nominative singular strong)
hnaskwijai (masculine nominative plural strong)
hnaskwī (feminine nominative singular strong)
hnaskwijôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
hnaskų (neuter nominative singular strong)
-jatō (neuter nominative singular strong)
hnaskwijō (neuter nominative plural strong)
hnaskwijanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
hnaskwijanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
hnaskwijǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
hnaskwijōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
hnaskų (accusative neuter singular strong)
-jatō (accusative neuter singular strong)
hnaskwijō (accusative neuter plural strong)
hnaskwijas (genitive masculine singular strong)
hnaskwīs (genitive masculine singular strong)
hnaskwijaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
hnaskwijaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
hnaskwijaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
hnaskwijas (genitive neuter singular strong)
hnaskwīs (genitive neuter singular strong)
hnaskwijaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
hnaskwijammai (dative masculine singular strong)
hnaskwijaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
hnaskwijaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
hnaskwijaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
hnaskwijammai (dative neuter singular strong)
hnaskwijaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
hnaskwijanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
hnaskwijaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
hnaskwijaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
hnaskwijaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
hnaskwijanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
hnaskwijaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
hnaskwijô (masculine nominative singular weak)
hnaskwijaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
hnaskwijǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
hnaskwijōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
hnaskwijô (neuter nominative singular weak)
hnaskwijōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
hnaskwijanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
hnaskwijanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
hnaskwijōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
hnaskwijōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
hnaskwijô (accusative neuter singular weak)
hnaskwijōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
hnaskwīniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
hnaskwijanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
hnaskwijōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
hnaskwijōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
hnaskwīniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
hnaskwijanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
hnaskwīni (dative masculine singular weak)
hnaskwijammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
hnaskwijōni (dative feminine singular weak)
hnaskwijōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
hnaskwīni (dative neuter singular weak)
hnaskwijammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
hnaskwīnē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
hnaskwijammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
hnaskwijōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
hnaskwijōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
hnaskwīnē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
hnaskwijammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *hnaskwī
Old English: hnæsċe, hnesċe, hnysċe
Middle English: nesche
Scots: nesch, nesh
English: nesh
Old Dutch: *neski, *nesc
Middle Dutch: nesch, nisch
Dutch: nes

Gothic: 𐌷𐌽𐌰𐍃𐌵𐌿𐍃 (hnasqus)

From earlier *hnaskwuz, from Proto-Indo-European *knes- (“to scrape; scratch; rub”), from Proto-Indo-European *ken- (“to scrape; scratch; rub”). Cognate with Sanskrit किक्नस (kiknasa, “crushed grain; meal; grits”), Lithuanian knìsti (“to dig up; tear apart”).


putōną

putō (active first-person indicative singular)
putǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
putōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
putōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
putōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
putō (active imperative second-person singular)
putōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
putōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
putōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
putō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
putōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
putōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
putōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
putōs (active dual first-person indicative)
putōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
putōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
putōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
putōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
putōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
putōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
putōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
putōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
putōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
putōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
putōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
putōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
putōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
putōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
putōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
putōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
putōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
putōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
putōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
putōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
putōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
putōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
putōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
putōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
putōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
putōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
putōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
putōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
putōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
putōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
putōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
putōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
putōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
putōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
putōndz (active participle present)
putōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *putōn
Old English: *putian, potian; pȳtan (?)
Middle English: puten, putten, poten
Scots: put, putt, pit; powter, pouter, pudder
English: put, pote, putt; putter, potter
Old Frisian: *potia
West Frisian: poatsje
Old Saxon: *potōn
Middle Low German: pōten, potten
German Low German: pötern
Old Dutch: *potōn
Middle Dutch: pōten
Dutch: poten
⇒ Middle Dutch: pōteren
Dutch: peuteren
Old High German: *pozzōn
Middle High German: pozzen

Old Norse: pota

Icelandic: pota

Norwegian: pota, pote; putte

Swedish: putta, potta, pötta; påta

Danish: putte

Uncertain. Perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *bud- (“to shoot, sprout”); if so, then possibly cognate with Sanskrit बुन्द (bundá, “arrow”), Lithuanian budė, budis (“mushroom, fungus”). However, there are two problems with this theory:
* The phoneme *b is either rare or non-existent in Proto-Indo-European.
* A Proto-Indo-European root normally does not contain two voiced stops.


lōfô

lōfô (nominative singular)
lōfaniz (nominative plural)
lōfô (singular vocative)
lōfaniz (plural vocative)
lōfanų (accusative singular)
lōfanunz (accusative plural)
lōfiniz (genitive singular)
lōfanǫ̂ (genitive plural)
lōfini (dative singular)
lōfammaz (dative plural)
lōfinē (instrumental singular)
lōfammiz (instrumental plural)

Proto-West Germanic: *lōfō; *lōf

Old English: lōf

desctree

Old Norse: lófi
Icelandic: lófi
Faroese: lógvi
Norn: løf, löf
Norwegian Nynorsk: love
Old Swedish: lōve
Swedish: love
Danish: love
Gutnish: loe, lo
→ Middle English: love, lof, loove, louf, luf, lufe, luff, luffe
English: loof
Scots: luif, lufe, luff

Gothic: 𐌻𐍉𐍆𐌰 (lōfa)

→ Galician: luva

→ Portuguese: luva

→ Spanish: lúa

From Proto-Indo-European *lāp-, *lēp-, *lep- (“to be flat”). Cognate with Lithuanian lopa (“paw, claw”), Proto-Slavic *lapa, dialectal Armenian լափ (lapʻ), լուփ (lupʻ, “palm, flat of the hand”).

(anatomy) the palm or hollow of the hand


bulô

bulô (nominative singular)
bulaniz (nominative plural)
bulô (singular vocative)
bulaniz (plural vocative)
bulanų (accusative singular)
bulanunz (accusative plural)
buliniz (genitive singular)
bulanǫ̂ (genitive plural)
bulini (dative singular)
bulammaz (dative plural)
bulinē (instrumental singular)
bulammiz (instrumental plural)

Proto-West Germanic: *bulō

Old English: bula

Middle English: bole, bule, bul

Scots: bul, bull

English: bull

Old Frisian: *bula

Saterland Frisian: Bulle

West Frisian: bolle

Old Saxon: *bulo, *bullo

Middle Low German: bulle

Low German: Bull

German Low German: Bull

→ German: Bulle

→ Polabian: bålă

Old Dutch: *bulo, *bullo

Middle Dutch: bolle, bulle

Dutch: bul

Afrikaans: bul

Old Norse: boli

Icelandic: boli

Faroese: boli

Swedish: bulla (< Middle Low German ?)

Earlier paradigm *bulô ~ *bullaz with consonant gradation, from a Proto-Indo-European n-stem such as *bʰl̥-ḗn ~ *bʰl̥-n-ós (compare *uhsô for the formation), from the root *bʰel- (“to blow, swell up”). The original meaning may have been “testicle”, similar to Germanic cognates meaning “ball; testicle”; compare Latin follis (“bag, sack; ball; testicle”), Ancient Greek φαλλός (phallós, “penis”) and Old Irish ball (“body part, member, penis”).


bulstraz

bulstraz (nominative singular)
bulstrōz (nominative plural)
bulstrōs (nominative plural)
bulstr (singular vocative)
bulstrōz (plural vocative)
bulstrōs (plural vocative)
bulstrą (accusative singular)
bulstranz (accusative plural)
bulstras (genitive singular)
bulstris (genitive singular)
bulstrǫ̂ (genitive plural)
bulstrai (dative singular)
bulstramaz (dative plural)
bulstrō (instrumental singular)
bulstramiz (instrumental plural)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *bolstr, *bulstr
Old English: bolster
Middle English: bolster, bolstre, bolstere, bowstur
English: bolster
Scots: bowster, bouster, boster
Old Frisian: *bulster, *bolster
Saterland Frisian: Bulster
West Frisian: bolster, bulster
Old Saxon: *bulster, *bolster
Middle Low German: bulster, bolster
German Low German: Bulster
Old Dutch: *bulster, *bolster
Middle Dutch: bulster, bolster
Dutch: bolster
Old High German: bolstar, bolstor, polstor, polstar
Middle High German: bolster, polster
German: Polster
→ Czech: polštář
→ German Low German: Polster
Lombardic: *polstar
→ Italian: poltro (“bed, couch”)
⇒ Italian: poltrona
→ Lombard: polter (Milanese)
→⇒ Venetian: poltrona

Old Norse: bólstr, bulstr
Icelandic: bólstur
Norwegian: bolster
Old Swedish: bulster, bolster; ᛒᚢᛚᛋᛏᚽᚱ
Swedish: bolster
Danish: bolster

From earlier *bulhstraz, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰelǵʰ- (“bag, pillow, paunch”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰel- (“to swell, blow, inflate, burst”). See also *balgiz.


darō

darō (nominative singular)
darôz (nominative plural)
darō (singular vocative)
darôz (plural vocative)
darǭ (accusative singular)
darōz (accusative plural)
darōz (genitive singular)
darǫ̂ (genitive plural)
darōi (dative singular)
darōmaz (dative plural)
darō (instrumental singular)
darōmiz (instrumental plural)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *daru
Old English: daru, dæru
>? Old Dutch: *dara
Middle Dutch: dāre (possibly derived from Middle Dutch dāren < Proto-West Germanic *darōn)
Old High German: tara

From Proto-Indo-European *dʰórh₃-eh₂, from *dʰerh₃- (“to leap, spring”). Cognate with Sanskrit धारा (dhā́rā), Avestan 𐬛𐬁𐬭𐬁 (dārā).


ganautaz

ganautaz (nominative singular)
ganautōz (nominative plural)
ganautōs (nominative plural)
ganaut (singular vocative)
ganautōz (plural vocative)
ganautōs (plural vocative)
ganautą (accusative singular)
ganautanz (accusative plural)
ganautas (genitive singular)
ganautis (genitive singular)
ganautǫ̂ (genitive plural)
ganautai (dative singular)
ganautamaz (dative plural)
ganautō (instrumental singular)
ganautamiz (instrumental plural)

Proto-West Germanic: *ganaut

Old English: ġenēat, ġenāeot — early
Middle English: net, niet
→ Medieval Latin: neatus
→ English: geneat (learned)

Old Frisian: nāt

Saterland Frisian: Noot

Old Saxon: ginōt, genōt

Middle Low German: genôt, genôte

German Low German: Genoot

Old Dutch: genōt

Middle Dutch: genoot

Dutch: genoot

→ West Frisian: genoat

Old High German: ginōz, ginōzo
Middle High German: genōz, genōze
German: Genoß, Genosse

Old Norse: nautr
Icelandic: nautur
Old Swedish: nø̄ter
Old Gutnish: nautr


nautą

nautą (nominative singular)
nautō (nominative plural)
nautą (singular vocative)
nautō (plural vocative)
nautą (accusative singular)
nautō (accusative plural)
nautas (genitive singular)
nautis (genitive singular)
nautǫ̂ (genitive plural)
nautai (dative singular)
nautamaz (dative plural)
nautō (instrumental singular)
nautamiz (instrumental plural)

Proto-West Germanic: *naut
Old English: nēat
Middle English: net, nete, neet
Scots: neat, neit
English: neat
Old Frisian: nāt
North Frisian: nut, nuat, nuet, nyt
Old Saxon: *nōt; nōtil
Middle Low German: *nôt; nôthof
Old Dutch: nōt
Middle Dutch: noot
Dutch: noot, nootstal
Old High German: nōz
Middle High German: nōz
Bavarian: Noß
Alemannic German: Nooss

Proto-Norse:

Old Norse: naut

Icelandic: naut

Faroese: neyt

Old Swedish: nø̄t

Swedish: nöt

Old Danish: nøt

Danish: nød

desc

→ Middle English: naut, naute, noute, nowte

Scots: nowt, nolt

English: nowt, nolt

→ Proto-Finnic: *nauta

→ Finnish: nauta

→ Proto-Slavic: *nuta

An a-stem of *neutaną (“to use, make use of; to enjoy”) (with original meaning likely "utilizable (cattle)"), from Proto-Indo-European *newd- (“to acquire, make use of”). Cognate with Lithuanian naudà (“utility, usefulness, note”).


faþō

faþō (nominative singular)
faþôz (nominative plural)
faþō (singular vocative)
faþôz (plural vocative)
faþǭ (accusative singular)
faþōz (accusative plural)
faþōz (genitive singular)
faþǫ̂ (genitive plural)
faþōi (dative singular)
faþōmaz (dative plural)
faþō (instrumental singular)
faþōmiz (instrumental plural)

Old English: faþu; Old English: faþe (< *faþǭ)

Middle English: *fathe

⇒ Middle English: fathasunu

Old Frisian: fethe

Old Saxon: *fatha

Middle Low German: vāde

From Proto-Indo-European *ph₂tḗr (“father”).


blīþiz

blīþiz (masculine nominative singular strong)
blīþijai (masculine nominative plural strong)
blīþī (feminine nominative singular strong)
blīþijôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
blīþį (neuter nominative singular strong)
-jatō (neuter nominative singular strong)
blīþijō (neuter nominative plural strong)
blīþijanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
blīþijanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
blīþijǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
blīþijōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
blīþį (accusative neuter singular strong)
-jatō (accusative neuter singular strong)
blīþijō (accusative neuter plural strong)
blīþijas (genitive masculine singular strong)
blīþīs (genitive masculine singular strong)
blīþijaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
blīþijaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
blīþijaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
blīþijas (genitive neuter singular strong)
blīþīs (genitive neuter singular strong)
blīþijaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
blīþijammai (dative masculine singular strong)
blīþijaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
blīþijaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
blīþijaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
blīþijammai (dative neuter singular strong)
blīþijaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
blīþijanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
blīþijaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
blīþijaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
blīþijaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
blīþijanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
blīþijaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
blīþijô (masculine nominative singular weak)
blīþijaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
blīþijǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
blīþijōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
blīþijô (neuter nominative singular weak)
blīþijōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
blīþijanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
blīþijanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
blīþijōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
blīþijōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
blīþijô (accusative neuter singular weak)
blīþijōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
blīþīniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
blīþijanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
blīþijōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
blīþijōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
blīþīniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
blīþijanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
blīþīni (dative masculine singular weak)
blīþijammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
blīþijōni (dative feminine singular weak)
blīþijōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
blīþīni (dative neuter singular weak)
blīþijammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
blīþīnē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
blīþijammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
blīþijōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
blīþijōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
blīþīnē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
blīþijammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *blīþī
Old English: blīþe
Middle English: blith, blyth, blithe
Scots: blithe, blythe, blide
English: blithe
Old Frisian: *blīthe, *blīth, *blīd (in compounds)
North Frisian: blid
Saterland Frisian: bliede
West Frisian: bliid
Old Saxon: blīthi
Middle Low German: blîde
Low German: blide, blyde
Old Dutch: *blīthi
Middle Dutch: blide
Dutch: blij
Old High German: blīdi, plīdi
Middle High German: blīde
German: blid, blied (dialectal)

Old Norse: blíðr

Icelandic: blíður

Faroese: blíður

Norwegian: blid

Old Swedish: blīþer

Swedish: blid

Danish: blid

Gothic: 𐌱𐌻𐌴𐌹𐌸𐍃 (bleiþs)

From *blī-, *bli- (“to shine, gleam, glow; be light, be glad”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰlī- (“light, fine, pleasant”), from *bʰleh₁-, *bʰel- (“to shine”). Cognate with Lithuanian bliva (“violet”).

der

pleasant, pleasing, delightful, friendly


talą

talą (nominative singular)
talō (nominative plural)
talą (singular vocative)
talō (plural vocative)
talą (accusative singular)
talō (accusative plural)
talas (genitive singular)
talis (genitive singular)
talǫ̂ (genitive plural)
talai (dative singular)
talamaz (dative plural)
talō (instrumental singular)
talamiz (instrumental plural)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *tal
Old English: tæl
Old Dutch: *tal
Middle Dutch: tal
Dutch: tal

Old Norse: tal

Icelandic: tal

Faroese: tal

Old Swedish: tal

Swedish: tal

Danish: tal

Norwegian Bokmål: tall

From Proto-Indo-European *dolH-o-, from the root *del- (“to reckon, calculate”). Compare *talō, *talkōną, Ancient Greek δόλος (dólos, “trick(ery), deceit; bait”), Hittite talliije/azi (“to pray to, evoke (a deity)”), and Old Armenian տող (toł, “line, row”).


hattuz

hattuz (nominative singular)
hattiwiz (nominative plural)
hattu (singular vocative)
hattiwiz (plural vocative)
hattų (accusative singular)
hattunz (accusative plural)
hattauz (genitive singular)
hattiwǫ̂ (genitive plural)
hattiwi (dative singular)
hattumaz (dative plural)
hattū (instrumental singular)
hattumiz (instrumental plural)

Proto-West Germanic: *hattu

Old English: hætt, hæt

Middle English: hatt, hatte, hat

Scots: hat, hatt, hate, hait

English: hat

→ Irish: hata

Old Frisian: hat

North Frisian: hatt, hat

Old Norse: hǫttr, hattr (the latter form perhaps borrowed into West Norse from East Norse)

Icelandic: höttur, hattur

Faroese: høttur, hattur

Norwegian: hatt

Old Swedish: hatter

Swedish: hatt

Old Danish: hat

Danish: hat

→ Proto-Finnic: *hattu

Finnish: hattu

Ingrian: hattu

Karelian: hattu

Livvi: hattu

Ludian: hatt

Votic: hattu

Of unclear origin.
Traditionally derived from Proto-Indo-European *kadʰnú-, from Proto-Indo-European *kadʰ- (“to guard, cover, protect, care for”), and compared with Latin cassis (“helmet”).
However, Kroonen notes that the term looks like a derivative from the accusative plural, *hattuns, of an unattested n-stem noun *haþō, and reconstructs the Proto-Indo-European form as *kHt-nú- instead. He deduces a possible relation to Old High German hadara (“patch, goat skin”) and Old Norse haðna (“young goat”), and links these terms to Proto-Italic *katelos (“young animal”); see there for more.


wulkaną

wulkaną (nominative singular)
wulkanō (nominative plural)
wulkaną (singular vocative)
wulkanō (plural vocative)
wulkaną (accusative singular)
wulkanō (accusative plural)
wulkanas (genitive singular)
wulkanis (genitive singular)
wulkanǫ̂ (genitive plural)
wulkanai (dative singular)
wulkanamaz (dative plural)
wulkanō (instrumental singular)
wulkanamiz (instrumental plural)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *wolkn
Old English: wolcn, weolcen, wolc, wolcen
Middle English: welken (from plural wolcnu)
English: welkin
Scots: walk, wak (from wolc)
Old Frisian: wolken, wulken, ulken
North Frisian: wolk
West Frisian: wolken, wolke, wolk
Old Saxon: wolkan, wolcan
Middle Low German: wolken, wulken
Old Dutch: uulcun, wulkon
Middle Dutch: wolken
Old High German: wolkan, wolcan
Middle High German: wolken, wulken n or f or m
Bavarian: Woikn, Wolkn
Yiddish: וואָלקן (volkn)

From Proto-Indo-European *welg- (“moist; wet”).


bōsmaz

bōsmaz (nominative singular)
bōsmōz (nominative plural)
bōsmōs (nominative plural)
bōsm (singular vocative)
bōsmōz (plural vocative)
bōsmōs (plural vocative)
bōsmą (accusative singular)
bōsmanz (accusative plural)
bōsmas (genitive singular)
bōsmis (genitive singular)
bōsmǫ̂ (genitive plural)
bōsmai (dative singular)
bōsmamaz (dative plural)
bōsmō (instrumental singular)
bōsmamiz (instrumental plural)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *bōsm
Old English: bōsm, bōsum
Middle English: bosom, bosum, bosem
English: bosom
Scots: bosum, bosome
Old Frisian: bōsm, bōsem
→ Saterland Frisian: Bossem
West Frisian: boeseme, boezem, buozzem
Old Saxon: bōsom
Middle Low German: bôsem, bôseme
Dutch Low Saxon: bussem
Old Dutch: *buosum, *buosom
Middle Dutch: boesem
Dutch: boezem
Limburgish: bozem
Old High German: buosum, buosam
Middle High German: buosem, buosen
Cimbrian: pusum
German: Busen
Yiddish: בוזעם (buzem)

Exact origin unclear. Possibly from Proto-Indo-European *bʰōw- (“to inflate, swell”); or from earlier *bōhsmaz ("the space between the arms"; compare *faþmaz), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰāǵʰus (“arm”), whence *bōguz (“upper arm, shoulder”).

gloss

"the space between the arms"; compare <i class="Latn mention" lang="gem-pro">*faþmaz</i>


felma-

felmô (nominative singular)
felmaniz (nominative plural)
felmô (singular vocative)
felmaniz (plural vocative)
felmanų (accusative singular)
felmanunz (accusative plural)
filminiz (genitive singular)
felmanǫ̂ (genitive plural)
filmini (dative singular)
felmammaz (dative plural)
filminē (instrumental singular)
felmammiz (instrumental plural)
felmaz (nominative singular)
felmōz (nominative plural)
felmōs (nominative plural)
felm (singular vocative)
felmōz (plural vocative)
felmōs (plural vocative)
felmą (accusative singular)
felmanz (accusative plural)
felmas (genitive singular)
filmis (genitive singular)
felmǫ̂ (genitive plural)
filmai (dative singular)
felmamaz (dative plural)
felmō (instrumental singular)
felmamiz (instrumental plural)

Proto-West Germanic: *felm-; *filmīn-

Old English: *felma (in compound ǣġerfelma); filmen, fylmen (< *filmīn-)

Middle English: filme

Scots: fillum, feelim

English: film

Old Frisian: filmene (< *filmīn-)

Old Dutch: *felm

Middle Dutch: velm, vilm m

Old High German: felm m

Probably an original men-stem from Proto-Indo-European *pélmō which was re-formed as if from *pél-mo-s, from the root *pel- (“hide, skin; to cover, wrap”). Cognate with Ancient Greek πέλμα (pélma, “sole of the foot”), which is from *pélmn̥.

cog

(West Germanic) covering, skin, hide, fleece


dugunþō

dugunþō (nominative singular)
dugunþôz (nominative plural)
dugunþō (singular vocative)
dugunþôz (plural vocative)
dugunþǭ (accusative singular)
dugunþōz (accusative plural)
dugunþōz (genitive singular)
dugunþǫ̂ (genitive plural)
dugunþōi (dative singular)
dugunþōmaz (dative plural)
dugunþō (instrumental singular)
dugunþōmiz (instrumental plural)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *dugunþu, *dugunþi
Old English: duguþ
Middle English: douthe, douth, douþe, duthe; doȝeðe, dugeð, duȝde, duȝeðe, duȝeþe, duheðe, duhþe, duweðe (Early Middle English)
English: douth
Scots: duthe, douth
Old Frisian: dugethe, dugede
North Frisian: döged, dögd
Saterland Frisian: Duugd
West Frisian: deugd
Old Saxon: *dugund, *dugunt, *duguth
Middle Low German: dogent, doget
German Low German: Döögde, Döögte, Döögd, Döögt
Old Dutch: *dugath, *dugeth
Middle Dutch: doget, doghet, duget, dueget
Dutch: deugd
Afrikaans: deug
Old High German: tungundi, tugund, tugind; *dugud (Central German)
Middle High German: tugende, tugent; duget, duged (Central German)
Alemannic German: Tuugend
German: Tugend
→? Central Franconian: Dugend, Dujend, Tugend, Tuend
→? Luxembourgish: Dugend
Rhine Franconian:
Palatine German: Tugend
Vilamovian: tūgyt
Yiddish: טוגענד (tugend)

Proto-Norse: *ᛞᚢᚷᛁᚦᛟ (*duȝiðō)

Old Norse: dygð, dyggð

Icelandic: dygð, dyggð

Faroese: dygd

Norwegian Nynorsk: dygd

→ Norwegian Bokmål: dygd

Elfdalian: dygd

Old Swedish: dyghþ

Swedish: dygd

Old Danish: dyghth

Danish: dyd

Norwegian Bokmål: dyd

→ Norwegian Nynorsk: dyd

Gutnish: dygd

From unattested *dugunþaz (“productive, useful, strong”) + *-ō, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰéwgʰ-ont-s ~ *dʰugʰ-n̥t-és, from *dʰewgʰ- (“to be productive, useful; to be strong”) + *-onts.


rukkô

rukkô (nominative singular)
rukkaniz (nominative plural)
rukkô (singular vocative)
rukkaniz (plural vocative)
rukkanų (accusative singular)
rukkanunz (accusative plural)
rukkiniz (genitive singular)
rukkanǫ̂ (genitive plural)
rukkini (dative singular)
rukkammaz (dative plural)
rukkinē (instrumental singular)
rukkammiz (instrumental plural)

Proto-West Germanic: *rokkō

Old English: *rocca

Middle English: rokke, rocke, rok

Scots: rok

English: rock

Old Saxon: *rocko

Middle Low German: rocke, rocken

Old Dutch: *rocco, *rocko

Middle Dutch: rocke, rocken

Dutch: rok

desc

Old High German: rokko, rocko, roccho, rocho

Middle High German: rocke

German: Rocken

Lombardic: *rocco

→ Italian: rocca; rocchetto, rocchetta

→ Arabic: رُكَّة (rukka)

→ English: rocket

→ Old French: rocquet, rochet

French: rochet

→ Spanish: rueca

→ Portuguese: roca

→ Sicilian: ruccheddu, *rucchellu

→ Maltese: rukkell

Old Norse: rokkr

Icelandic: rokkur

Faroese: rokkur

Norwegian: rok

Old Swedish: rokker

Swedish: rock

→ Finnish: rukki

Danish: rok

From Proto-Indo-European *rukn-, *rÁkn- (“weaving, web”), from Proto-Indo-European *ruk-, *rug- (“to spin, make clothes”).


stakô

stakô (nominative singular)
stakaniz (nominative plural)
stakô (singular vocative)
stakaniz (plural vocative)
stakanų (accusative singular)
stakanunz (accusative plural)
stakiniz (genitive singular)
stakanǫ̂ (genitive plural)
stakini (dative singular)
stakammaz (dative plural)
stakinē (instrumental singular)
stakammiz (instrumental plural)

Proto-West Germanic: *stakō

desctree

Old English: staca
Middle English: stake
English: stake
Scots: stak, staik

Old Frisian: stace, stake

Saterland Frisian: Stak

West Frisian: staak, staach

Old Saxon: *stako

Middle Low German: stake

German Low German: Stake, Staak

Low German: stake

→ German: Staken

Old Dutch: *stako

Middle Dutch: stake

Dutch: staak

→ Old French: estaie

→ Spanish: estay

Old High German: stahho

Middle High German: stache

Cimbrian: stèkho

Old Norse: staki, stjaki

Icelandic: staki

Faroese: staki

Norwegian: stake

Old Swedish: staki

Swedish: stake

Old Danish: staghe

Danish: stage

Gothic: *𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌺𐌰 (*staka)

→ Medieval Latin: staca (see there for further descendants)


sulhs

sulhs (nominative singular)
sulhiz (nominative plural)
sulh (singular vocative)
sulhiz (plural vocative)
sulhų (accusative singular)
sulhunz (accusative plural)
sulhiz (genitive singular)
sulhǫ̂ (genitive plural)
sulhi (dative singular)
sulhumaz (dative plural)
sulhē (instrumental singular)
sulhumiz (instrumental plural)

Proto-West Germanic: *sulh

Old English: sulh, suluh

Middle English: suluh, solowe, sogh

Scots: souch, seuch

English: sullow

Old Saxon: sulh

From Proto-Indo-European *selk- (“to pull”). Cognate with Latin sulcus (“furrow, ploughing”), Ancient Greek ἕλκω (hélkō, “to drag, pull”).

cog

that which is ploughed or furrowed; furrow


skaþulaz

*skaþulaz (a-stem)

skaþulaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
skaþulai (masculine nominative plural strong)
skaþulō (feminine nominative singular strong)
skaþulôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
skaþulą (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
skaþulō (neuter nominative plural strong)
skaþulanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
skaþulanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
skaþulǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
skaþulōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
skaþulą (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
skaþulō (accusative neuter plural strong)
skaþulas (genitive masculine singular strong)
-is (genitive masculine singular strong)
skaþulaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
skaþulaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
skaþulaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
skaþulas (genitive neuter singular strong)
-is (genitive neuter singular strong)
skaþulaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
skaþulammai (dative masculine singular strong)
skaþulaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
skaþulaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
skaþulaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
skaþulammai (dative neuter singular strong)
skaþulaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
skaþulanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
skaþulaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
skaþulaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
skaþulaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
skaþulanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
skaþulaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
skaþulô (masculine nominative singular weak)
skaþulaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
skaþulǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
skaþulōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
skaþulô (neuter nominative singular weak)
skaþulōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
skaþulanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
skaþulanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
skaþulōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
skaþulōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
skaþulô (accusative neuter singular weak)
skaþulōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
skaþuliniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
skaþulanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
skaþulōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
skaþulōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
skaþuliniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
skaþulanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
skaþulini (dative masculine singular weak)
skaþulammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
skaþulōni (dative feminine singular weak)
skaþulōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
skaþulini (dative neuter singular weak)
skaþulammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
skaþulinē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
skaþulammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
skaþulōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
skaþulōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
skaþulinē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
skaþulammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *skaþul
Old English: *sceaþol
Middle English: scathel
English: scathel, scaddle, skaddle; skedaddle
Old High German: scadel

Gothic: 𐍃𐌺𐌰𐌸𐌿𐌻𐍃 (skaþuls)


wanhō

wanhō (nominative singular)
wanhôz (nominative plural)
wanhō (singular vocative)
wanhôz (plural vocative)
wanhǭ (accusative singular)
wanhōz (accusative plural)
wanhōz (genitive singular)
wanhǫ̂ (genitive plural)
wanhōi (dative singular)
wanhōmaz (dative plural)
wanhō (instrumental singular)
wanhōmiz (instrumental plural)

Old English: *wōh, *wōg

⇒ Old English: wōgian

Middle English: woȝen, wowen

English: woo

Scots: wow

Old Saxon: wāh (< *wanhą)

Old Norse: vá

Icelandic: vá

From Proto-Indo-European *wonk- (“crooked, bent”), from Proto-Indo-European *wā- (“to bend, slant, incline, twist, turn”). Cognate with Sanskrit वङ्क (vaṅka, “curve, bend”).

der

a bend, turn, corner, angle, curve, incline


uzrēdaną

uzrēdō (active first-person indicative singular)
uzrēdaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
uzrēdai (first-person indicative passive singular)
uzrēdizi (active indicative second-person singular)
uzrēdaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
uzrēd (active imperative second-person singular)
uzrēdazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
uzrēdaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
uzrēdidi (active indicative singular third-person)
uzrēdai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
uzrēdadau (active imperative singular third-person)
uzrēdadai (indicative passive singular third-person)
uzrēdaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
uzrēdōz (active dual first-person indicative)
uzrēdaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
uzrēdadiz (active dual indicative second-person)
uzrēdaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
uzrēdadiz (active dual imperative second-person)
uzrēdamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
uzrēdaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
uzrēdandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
uzrēdaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
uzrēdid (active indicative plural second-person)
uzrēdaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
uzrēdid (active imperative plural second-person)
uzrēdandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
uzrēdaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
uzrēdandi (active indicative plural third-person)
uzrēdain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
uzrēdandau (active imperative plural third-person)
uzrēdandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
uzrēdaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
uzrerōd (active first-person indicative singular)
uzrerōdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
uzrerōst (active indicative second-person singular)
uzrerōdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
uzrerōd (active indicative singular third-person)
uzrerōdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
uzrerōdū (active dual first-person indicative)
uzrerōdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
uzrerōdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
uzrerōdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
uzrerōdum (active first-person indicative plural)
uzrerōdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
uzrerōdud (active indicative plural second-person)
uzrerōdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
uzrerōdun (active indicative plural third-person)
uzrerōdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
uzrēdandz (active participle present)
uzrēdanaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Old English: ārǣdan

Middle English: areden

English: aread, arread

Old High German: urrātan, arrātan

Middle High German: erraten

German: erraten

Luxembourgish: erroden

Gothic: *usrēdan > 𐌿𐍂𐍂𐌴𐌳𐌰𐌽 (urrēdan)

/ˌuzˈrɛː.ðɑ.nɑ̃/


skaþōną

skaþō (active first-person indicative singular)
skaþǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
skaþōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
skaþōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
skaþōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
skaþō (active imperative second-person singular)
skaþōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
skaþōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
skaþōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
skaþō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
skaþōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
skaþōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
skaþōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
skaþōs (active dual first-person indicative)
skaþōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
skaþōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
skaþōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
skaþōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
skaþōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
skaþōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
skaþōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
skaþōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
skaþōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
skaþōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
skaþōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
skaþōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
skaþōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
skaþōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
skaþōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
skaþōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
skaþōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
skaþōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
skaþōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
skaþōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
skaþōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
skaþōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
skaþōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
skaþōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
skaþōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
skaþōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
skaþōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
skaþōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
skaþōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
skaþōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
skaþōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
skaþōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
skaþōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
skaþōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
skaþōndz (active participle present)
skaþōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *skaþōn
Old English: sċeaþian
Middle English: scathen, skathen
Scots: scathe, skaith
English: scathe
Old Frisian: skathia
Saterland Frisian: schoadje
West Frisian: skeadzje
Old Saxon: skathōn
Middle Low German: schāden
Low German: schaden
Old Dutch: scathōn
Middle Dutch: schāden
Dutch: schaden
Old High German: scadōn
Middle High German: schaden
Alemannic German: schade
German: schaden
Luxembourgish: schueden

Old Norse: skaða

Icelandic: skaða

Faroese: skaða

Norwegian: skade, skada

Old Swedish: skaþa

Swedish: skada

Old Danish: skathæ

Danish: skade

→ Middle English: scathen

English: scathe

Scots: scaith, skaith, schaith, scathe

/ˈskɑ.θɔː.nɑ̃/

From *skaþô (“injury, harm, damage”) + *-ōną.


uzrīsaną

uzrīsō (active first-person indicative singular)
uzrīsaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
uzrīsai (first-person indicative passive singular)
uzrīsizi (active indicative second-person singular)
uzrīsaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
uzrīs (active imperative second-person singular)
uzrīsazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
uzrīsaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
uzrīsidi (active indicative singular third-person)
uzrīsai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
uzrīsadau (active imperative singular third-person)
uzrīsadai (indicative passive singular third-person)
uzrīsaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
uzrīsōz (active dual first-person indicative)
uzrīsaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
uzrīsadiz (active dual indicative second-person)
uzrīsaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
uzrīsadiz (active dual imperative second-person)
uzrīsamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
uzrīsaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
uzrīsandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
uzrīsaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
uzrīsid (active indicative plural second-person)
uzrīsaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
uzrīsid (active imperative plural second-person)
uzrīsandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
uzrīsaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
uzrīsandi (active indicative plural third-person)
uzrīsain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
uzrīsandau (active imperative plural third-person)
uzrīsandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
uzrīsaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
uzrais (active first-person indicative singular)
uzrizį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
uzraist (active indicative second-person singular)
uzrizīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
uzrais (active indicative singular third-person)
uzrizī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
uzrizū (active dual first-person indicative)
uzrizīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
uzrizudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
uzrizīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
uzrizum (active first-person indicative plural)
uzrizīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
uzrizud (active indicative plural second-person)
uzrizīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
uzrizun (active indicative plural third-person)
uzrizīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
uzrīsandz (active participle present)
uzrizanaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *uʀrīsan
Old English: ārīsan
Middle English: arisen
Scots: arise, aryse
English: arise
Old Saxon: *arīsan
Middle Low German: errīsen
Old Dutch: *irrīsan
Middle Dutch: errisen
Old High German: irrīsan, arrīsan

Gothic: 𐌿𐍂𐍂𐌴𐌹𐍃𐌰𐌽 (urreisan)


skaþô

skaþô (nominative singular)
skaþaniz (nominative plural)
skaþô (singular vocative)
skaþaniz (plural vocative)
skaþanų (accusative singular)
skaþanunz (accusative plural)
skaþiniz (genitive singular)
skaþanǫ̂ (genitive plural)
skaþini (dative singular)
skaþammaz (dative plural)
skaþinē (instrumental singular)
skaþammiz (instrumental plural)

Proto-West Germanic: *skaþō
Old English: scaþa, sċeaþa
Middle English: scaþe, scathe, schaþe, schathe
Old Frisian: skatha, sketha
Saterland Frisian: Skoade
West Frisian: skea
Old Saxon: skatho
Middle Low German: scade, schade, schāde
German Low German: Schaa
Old Dutch: scatho
Middle Dutch: schāde
Dutch: schade
Limburgish: sjaaj
Old High German: scado
Middle High German: schade
Central Franconian: Schade
German: Schaden
Hunsrik: Schaade
Luxembourgish: Schued
Yiddish: שאָד (shod)
→ Czech: škoda
→ Old Polish: szkoda
Polish: szkoda
→ Old East Slavic: шкода (škoda)
Belarusian: шко́да (škóda)
Russian: шко́да (škóda)
Ukrainian: шко́да (škóda)
→ Serbo-Croatian: škȍda, шко̏да
→ Slovak: škoda

Old Norse: skaði
Icelandic: skaði
Faroese: skaði
Norwegian:
Norwegian Bokmål: skade
Norwegian Nynorsk: skade
Old Swedish: skaþi
Swedish: skada, skade
Old Danish: skathi
Danish: skade
→ Middle English: scathe, skathe
English: scath, scathe
Scots: scath, scaith, skaith, schath, schaith

From Proto-Indo-European *(s)keh₁t- (“damage, harm”). Cognate with Ancient Greek ἀσκηθής (askēthḗs, “intact, safe, sound”, literally “without damage”).


ferhwą

ferhwą (nominative singular)
ferhwō (nominative plural)
ferhwą (singular vocative)
ferhwō (plural vocative)
ferhwą (accusative singular)
ferhwō (accusative plural)
ferhwas (genitive singular)
firhwis (genitive singular)
ferhwǫ̂ (genitive plural)
firhwai (dative singular)
ferhwamaz (dative plural)
ferhwō (instrumental singular)
ferhwamiz (instrumental plural)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *ferh
Old English: feorh, feorg
Middle English: feor, fere
Old Frisian: ferch
Old Saxon: ferh, ferah
Old High German: ferah
Middle High German: vërch
German: Ferch (obsolete)

Old Norse: fjǫr

Icelandic: fjör

Faroese: fjør

From Proto-Indo-European *perkʷ- (“oak”). Probably derived from Proto-Germanic *ferhuz (“body; life; oak-tree”).
Old Norse fjǫrg (“gods”), from Proto-Germanic *fergō, could originally be the plural of this neuter (“vital forces”?), with analogical vocalism instead of the expected *furgō (with delabialization in this context).


ferhuz

ferhuz (nominative singular)
firhiwiz (nominative plural)
ferhu (singular vocative)
firhiwiz (plural vocative)
ferhų (accusative singular)
ferhunz (accusative plural)
ferhauz (genitive singular)
firhiwǫ̂ (genitive plural)
firhiwi (dative singular)
ferhumaz (dative plural)
ferhū (instrumental singular)
ferhumiz (instrumental plural)

Old Norse: fjǫrr

Icelandic: fjör

Gothic: 𐍆𐌰𐌹𐍂𐍈𐌿𐍃 (fairƕus)

From Proto-Indo-European *pérkus (“oak”), from the root *perkʷ- (“oak”).


pullaz

pullaz (nominative singular)
pullōz (nominative plural)
pullōs (nominative plural)
pull (singular vocative)
pullōz (plural vocative)
pullōs (plural vocative)
pullą (accusative singular)
pullanz (accusative plural)
pullas (genitive singular)
pullis (genitive singular)
pullǫ̂ (genitive plural)
pullai (dative singular)
pullamaz (dative plural)
pullō (instrumental singular)
pullamiz (instrumental plural)

Proto-West Germanic: *pull

Old English: pull; (pyll < *pullijaz)

Middle English: pul, pyll, pill

English: pill

Old Saxon: *pull, *poll

Middle Low German: poll

Old Norse: pollr

Icelandic: pollur

Faroese: pollur

→ Scots: poll, pow

→ Proto-Brythonic: *pull

Old Breton: Pul-Bili (place name)

Middle Breton: pul, poul, poull

Breton: poull

Old Cornish: pol

Middle Cornish: pol

Cornish: poll

Middle Welsh: pwll

Welsh: pwll

→ Middle Irish: poll

Irish: poll

Manx: poyll

Scottish Gaelic: poll

table
From Proto-Indo-European *bl̥nos (“bog, marsh”). Cognate with Lithuanian balà (“bog; marsh; swamp; pool”), Latvian bala (“a muddly, treeless depression”), Russian боло́то (bolóto, “swamp; bog; marsh”).


pōlaz

pōlaz (nominative singular)
pōlōz (nominative plural)
pōlōs (nominative plural)
pōl (singular vocative)
pōlōz (plural vocative)
pōlōs (plural vocative)
pōlą (accusative singular)
pōlanz (accusative plural)
pōlas (genitive singular)
pōlis (genitive singular)
pōlǫ̂ (genitive plural)
pōlai (dative singular)
pōlamaz (dative plural)
pōlō (instrumental singular)
pōlamiz (instrumental plural)

Proto-West Germanic: *pōl

Old English: pōl

Middle English: pol, pole, pool

English: pool

Scots: pule, puil, peel

Old Frisian: pōl

Saterland Frisian: Pol, Poul

West Frisian: poel

Old Saxon: *pōl

Middle Low German: pôl, pûl

German Low German: Pool, Pohl, Puhl

→ Norwegian: pøl

→ Swedish: pöl

→ Danish: pøl

Old Dutch: puol

Middle Dutch: poel

Dutch: poel

Afrikaans: poel

Old High German: pfuol, phuol

Middle High German: phuol

German: Pfuhl

Hunsrik: Puhl

Luxembourgish: Pull

⇒ Old Norse: *pœla (< *pōlijǭ)

Norwegian: pøla (dialectal)

From Proto-Indo-European *bōlos (“bog, marsh”). Cognate with Lithuanian balà (“bog; marsh; swamp; pool”), Latvian bala (“a muddy, treeless depression”), Proto-Slavic *bala, *balъka (“pool; ravine”).


skelbaną

skelbō (active first-person indicative singular)
skelbaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
skelbai (first-person indicative passive singular)
skilbizi (active indicative second-person singular)
skelbaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
skelb (active imperative second-person singular)
skelbazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
skelbaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
skilbidi (active indicative singular third-person)
skelbai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
skelbadau (active imperative singular third-person)
skelbadai (indicative passive singular third-person)
skelbaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
skelbōz (active dual first-person indicative)
skelbaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
skelbadiz (active dual indicative second-person)
skelbaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
skelbadiz (active dual imperative second-person)
skelbamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
skelbaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
skelbandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
skelbaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
skilbid (active indicative plural second-person)
skelbaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
skilbid (active imperative plural second-person)
skelbandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
skelbaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
skelbandi (active indicative plural third-person)
skelbain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
skelbandau (active imperative plural third-person)
skelbandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
skelbaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
skalb (active first-person indicative singular)
skulbį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
skalft (active indicative second-person singular)
skulbīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
skalb (active indicative singular third-person)
skulbī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
skulbū (active dual first-person indicative)
skulbīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
skulbudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
skulbīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
skulbum (active first-person indicative plural)
skulbīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
skulbud (active indicative plural second-person)
skulbīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
skulbun (active indicative plural third-person)
skulbīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
skelbandz (active participle present)
skulbanaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *skelban
Old English: sċelfan

Old Norse: skjalfa
Icelandic: skjálfa
Faroese: skjálva, skelva
Norwegian Nynorsk: skjelva; (dialectal) skjæve, skjølve
Elfdalian: stjåva
Old Swedish: skiælva
Swedish: skälva
Danish: skælve
Norwegian Bokmål: skjelve


laihną

laihną (nominative singular)
laihnō (nominative plural)
laihną (singular vocative)
laihnō (plural vocative)
laihną (accusative singular)
laihnō (accusative plural)
laihnas (genitive singular)
laihnis (genitive singular)
laihnǫ̂ (genitive plural)
laihnai (dative singular)
laihnamaz (dative plural)
laihnō (instrumental singular)
laihnamiz (instrumental plural)

Proto-West Germanic: *laihn

Old English: lǣn

Middle English: læn, leane

Scots: len

Old Frisian: lēn

North Frisian: leen

West Frisian: lien

Old Saxon: lēhan

desc

Middle Low German: lehen, lên, leen, lehn, lein

→ Old Norse: lén

Danish: len

Swedish: län

→ Finnish: lääni

Norwegian: len

Old Dutch: *lēn

Middle Dutch: leen

Dutch: leen

Old High German: lēhan

Middle High German: lēhen

German: Lehen

→ Russian: лен (len)

→ Old Czech: léno

→ Polish: lenno

Old Norse: lán

Icelandic: lán

Faroese: lán

Norwegian: lån

Old Swedish: lān

Swedish: lån

Old Danish: lān

Danish: lån

→ Middle English: lane, lone

Scots: lane, lain

English: loan

→ Scots: loan

→ Proto-Finnic: *laihna (see there for further descendants)

From earlier *laihwnam, from Proto-Indo-European *leykʷ- (“to leave, leave over”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬭𐬀𐬉𐬑𐬆𐬥𐬀𐬵 (raēxənah), Sanskrit रेक्णस् (rékṇas, “property, inheritance”).


landį̄

landį̄ (nominative singular)
landīniz (nominative plural)
landį̄ (singular vocative)
landīniz (plural vocative)
landīnų (accusative singular)
landīnunz (accusative plural)
landīniz (genitive singular)
landīnǫ̂ (genitive plural)
landīni (dative singular)
landīmaz (dative plural)
landīnē (instrumental singular)
landīmiz (instrumental plural)

Proto-West Germanic: *landī, *landīn

desc

Old English: lænden, lenden, lænde, lende (in compounds); lendenu (plural)

desctree

Middle English: lende, leend, leende, lynde
English: lend
Scots: lend, leynd

Old Frisian: lenden, lenderna (plural)

Saterland Frisian: Leende

Old Saxon: lendin (plural)

Middle Low German: lende

German Low German: Lenne, Lenn

Old Dutch: lendin (plural)

Middle Dutch: lende; lenden (plural)

Dutch: lende

Old High German: lentī, lentīn

Middle High German: lente, lende

German: Lende

Luxembourgish: Lenn

Old Norse: lend (< *landijō?); lendir, lendar (plural)

Icelandic: lend

Norwegian: lend

Old Swedish: lænd

Swedish: länd

Danish: lænd

→ Proto-Finnic: *landëh (see there for further descendants)

From earlier *landwį̄, from Proto-Indo-European *lendʰ- (“waist, kidney”). Cognate with Russian ля́двея (ljádveja, “thigh, haunch”).


mōtą

mōtą (nominative singular)
mōtō (nominative plural)
mōtą (singular vocative)
mōtō (plural vocative)
mōtą (accusative singular)
mōtō (accusative plural)
mōtas (genitive singular)
mōtis (genitive singular)
mōtǫ̂ (genitive plural)
mōtai (dative singular)
mōtamaz (dative plural)
mōtō (instrumental singular)
mōtamiz (instrumental plural)

Old English: *mōt, ġemōt

Middle English: mōt, ȝemōt

English: moot

Scots: mut, mote

Old Saxon: mōt, muot

Middle Low German: mote, mute

Low German: Mote

Old Dutch: *muot

Middle Dutch: moet

Old High German: *muoz, *muozi

Middle High German: muoz

desctree

Old Norse: mót
Icelandic: mót
Faroese: mót
Norwegian: mot, møte
Old Swedish: mōt; mø̄te (< *mōtiją)
Swedish: möte; emot, mot
Danish: møde; imod, mod

Gothic: 𐌲𐌰𐌼𐍉𐍄𐌾𐌰𐌽 (gamōtjan)

From Proto-Indo-European *meh₂d- (“to encounter, come”). Cognate with Old Armenian մատչիմ (matčʻim, “approach”).


drēnuz

drēnuz (nominative singular)
drēniwiz (nominative plural)
drēnu (singular vocative)
drēniwiz (plural vocative)
drēnų (accusative singular)
drēnunz (accusative plural)
drēnauz (genitive singular)
drēniwǫ̂ (genitive plural)
drēniwi (dative singular)
drēnumaz (dative plural)
drēnū (instrumental singular)
drēnumiz (instrumental plural)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *drānu
Old English: drān, drǣn
Middle English: drane, drone
English: drone
Scots: dron
Old Frisian: *drāne
Saterland Frisian: Droane (alternatively from Middle Low German)
Old Saxon: drān
Middle Low German: drâne, dorne, drône
Low German: Drahn
→ Danish: drone
→ German: Drohne
→ Norwegian:
Norwegian Bokmål: drone
Norwegian Nynorsk: drone
Old Dutch: *drān, *drano, *darno
Middle Dutch: darne, dorne, drone
Dutch: dar
Limburgish: dreen

From Proto-Indo-European *dʰrēn- (“bee, hornet, drone”). Cognate with Lithuanian tranas (“drone”), Serbo-Croatian trut (“drone”), Czech trubec (“drone”).


sundaz

*sundaz (a-stem)

sundaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
sundai (masculine nominative plural strong)
sundō (feminine nominative singular strong)
sundôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
sundą (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
sundō (neuter nominative plural strong)
sundanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
sundanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
sundǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
sundōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
sundą (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
sundō (accusative neuter plural strong)
sundas (genitive masculine singular strong)
-is (genitive masculine singular strong)
sundaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
sundaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
sundaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
sundas (genitive neuter singular strong)
-is (genitive neuter singular strong)
sundaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
sundammai (dative masculine singular strong)
sundaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
sundaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
sundaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
sundammai (dative neuter singular strong)
sundaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
sundanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
sundaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
sundaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
sundaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
sundanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
sundaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
sundô (masculine nominative singular weak)
sundaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
sundǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
sundōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
sundô (neuter nominative singular weak)
sundōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
sundanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
sundanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
sundōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
sundōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
sundô (accusative neuter singular weak)
sundōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
sundiniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
sundanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
sundōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
sundōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
sundiniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
sundanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
sundini (dative masculine singular weak)
sundammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
sundōni (dative feminine singular weak)
sundōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
sundini (dative neuter singular weak)
sundammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
sundinē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
sundammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
sundōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
sundōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
sundinē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
sundammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *sund
Old English: *sund (with various prefixes)
Middle English: sund, sound
English: sound
Scots: sound, soun
Old Frisian: sund
North Frisian: suwn
Saterland Frisian: suund
West Frisian: sûnd, sûn
Old Saxon: *sund
Middle Low German: sunt
Low German: sund
→ Danish: sund
→ Faroese: sunnur
→ Swedish: sund
→ Norwegian Bokmål: sunn
→ Norwegian Nynorsk: sunn
Old Dutch: *sund
Middle Dutch: sunt, sont
Dutch: zond
Old High German: sunt
Middle High German: sunt

⇒ Proto-West Germanic: *gasund
Old English: ġesund
Middle English: ȝesund, isund, izound; sund, sound
English: sound
Scots: sound, soun
Old Frisian:
Saterland Frisian: gesuund
Old Saxon: gisund
Middle Low German: gesunt
Low German: gesund
Old Dutch: gisunt
Middle Dutch: gesont
Dutch: gezond
Afrikaans: gesond
Jersey Dutch: xjezónd
Negerhollands: gesond, gesont
→ Sranan Tongo: gesontu
→ Aukan: gusontu
→ Caribbean Javanese: kheson
Old High German: gisunt
Middle High German: gesunt
Bavarian: gsund
Cimbrian: gazùnt, gesunt (Luserna)
Central Franconian: gesond, jesond, jesonk (Ripuarian)
German: gesund
Hunsrik: gesund
Luxembourgish: gesond
Yiddish: געזונט (gezunt)

From Proto-Indo-European *swent- (“strong, vigorous, active, healthy”).


rakintǭ

rakintǭ (nominative singular)
rakintōniz (nominative plural)
rakintǭ (singular vocative)
rakintōniz (plural vocative)
rakintōnų (accusative singular)
rakintōnunz (accusative plural)
rakintōniz (genitive singular)
rakintōnǫ̂ (genitive plural)
rakintōni (dative singular)
rakintōmaz (dative plural)
rakintōnē (instrumental singular)
rakintōmiz (instrumental plural)

desc

Proto-West Germanic: *rakintā, *rakuntā, *rakantā

desctree

Old English: racente, racete
Middle English: rakente, racand, rakand, rakynt, rekand, rekanth, rekenth, recawnt (conflated with Old Norse rekendr, rekendi)
English: rackan, racon, rackin, racken, reckan, recon, reckin, reckon

Old Saxon: *rekinta

Middle Low German: rekente

desc

Old High German: rahhenza, rachenza, rahhinza

→ Old Saxon: rakinza

→ Old Dutch: rakinza, *rakiza (attested in Latin texts as rakinzun)

>? Middle Dutch: raecse, raecks, reecs (“chain”)

Dutch: raaks, reeks

Old Norse: rekendr f (plural); rekendi n

Icelandic: rekendur; rekendi, rekindi

→ Proto-Slavic: *retędzь

From Proto-Indo-European *reǵ- (“to bind”).


rakō

rakō (nominative singular)
rakôz (nominative plural)
rakō (singular vocative)
rakôz (plural vocative)
rakǭ (accusative singular)
rakōz (accusative plural)
rakōz (genitive singular)
rakǫ̂ (genitive plural)
rakōi (dative singular)
rakōmaz (dative plural)
rakō (instrumental singular)
rakōmiz (instrumental plural)

Old English: racu

Middle English: rake; raike, rayke (through confluence with Old Norse reik)

Scots: rak, rack, raik

English: rake, rack (path, track, furrow)

From Proto-Indo-European *h₃reǵ- (“to straighten, direct”).


rakō

Old English: racu; reahtiġan

Middle English: rake

English: rake

Old Saxon: raka

Old High German: rahha, racha

Middle High German: rache

Proto-Norse: *ᚱᚨᚲᚢ (*raku)

Old Norse: rǫk

Icelandic: rök

qualifier

Gothic: *𐍂𐌰𐌺- (*rak-) (uncertain lemma; possibly attested in given names)

From *rakaz (“straight, direct”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₃reǵ- (“to straighten, direct”).


rakō

Old English: racu; (raca; ræce)

Middle English: rake

Scots: rak

English: rake

Old Saxon: raka, reka (possibly through interference with *rekô)

Middle Low German: rāke

German Low German: Raak

Low German: raak

Old Dutch: *raka

Middle Dutch: rāke

Dutch: rake, raak; > rakelen; > rakel

Old Norse: raka; reka (possibly through interference with *rekô)

Icelandic: raka; reka

Swedish: raka, räka (dialectal)

Danish: rage

a device used for straightening; rake (implement)


aglijaną

aglijō (active first-person indicative singular)
aglijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
aglijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
aglīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
aglijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
aglī (active imperative second-person singular)
aglijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
aglijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
aglīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
aglijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
aglijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
aglijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
aglijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
aglijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
aglijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
aglijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
aglijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
aglijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
aglijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
aglijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
aglijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
aglijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
aglīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
aglijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
aglīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
aglijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
aglijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
aglijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
aglijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
aglijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
aglijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
aglijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
aglidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
aglidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
aglidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
aglidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
aglidē (active indicative singular third-person)
aglidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
aglidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
aglidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
aglidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
aglidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
aglidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
aglidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
aglidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
aglidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
aglidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
aglidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
aglijandz (active participle present)
aglidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *aglijan
Old English: eġlan, eġlian, elan
Middle English: eilen, eilien, alen
English: ail
Scots: ail
Yola: teil
>? Old Saxon: *eglan
Middle Low German: egelen, echelen, ekelen, eichelen
Low German: aicheln
→ German: ekeln
→ Luxembourgish: eekelen

Old Norse: *egla

Norwegian: egla

Gothic: 𐌰𐌲𐌻𐌾𐌰𐌽 (agljan)


agluz

agluz (masculine nominative singular strong)
aglijai (masculine nominative plural strong)
aglī (feminine nominative singular strong)
aglijôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
aglų (neuter nominative singular strong)
-jatō (neuter nominative singular strong)
aglijō (neuter nominative plural strong)
aglijanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
aglijanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
aglijǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
aglijōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
aglų (accusative neuter singular strong)
-jatō (accusative neuter singular strong)
aglijō (accusative neuter plural strong)
aglijas (genitive masculine singular strong)
aglīs (genitive masculine singular strong)
aglijaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
aglijaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
aglijaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
aglijas (genitive neuter singular strong)
aglīs (genitive neuter singular strong)
aglijaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
aglijammai (dative masculine singular strong)
aglijaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
aglijaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
aglijaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
aglijammai (dative neuter singular strong)
aglijaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
aglijanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
aglijaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
aglijaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
aglijaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
aglijanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
aglijaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
aglijô (masculine nominative singular weak)
aglijaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
aglijǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
aglijōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
aglijô (neuter nominative singular weak)
aglijōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
aglijanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
aglijanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
aglijōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
aglijōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
aglijô (accusative neuter singular weak)
aglijōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
aglīniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
aglijanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
aglijōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
aglijōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
aglīniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
aglijanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
aglīni (dative masculine singular weak)
aglijammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
aglijōni (dative feminine singular weak)
aglijōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
aglīni (dative neuter singular weak)
aglijammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
aglīnē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
aglijammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
aglijōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
aglijōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
aglīnē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
aglijammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

Old English: eġle
Middle English: eile, eyle
English: ail

Gothic: 𐌰𐌲𐌻𐌿𐍃 (aglus)

From Proto-Indo-European *h₂egʰlo-, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂egʰ- (“repulsive, offensive, hateful, disgusting”). Cognate with Old Irish áil (“ignomy, insult”), Ancient Greek ἀχλύς (akhlús, “manure, dung”), Ancient Greek ὀχλέω (okhléō, “to vex, harass”), Sanskrit अघल (aghala, “bad, terrible”), Sanskrit अघ (agha, “evil, pain”).

cog

cumbersome, tedious, tiresome, burdensome


weruz

weruz (nominative singular)
wiriwiz (nominative plural)
weru (singular vocative)
wiriwiz (plural vocative)
werų (accusative singular)
werunz (accusative plural)
werauz (genitive singular)
wiriwǫ̂ (genitive plural)
wiriwi (dative singular)
werumaz (dative plural)
werū (instrumental singular)
werumiz (instrumental plural)

Proto-West Germanic: *weru; *werulu

⇒ Old English: weler, weolor, welur (< *werulō)

Old Frisian: were

North Frisian: ware, were

Old Norse: vǫrr

Icelandic: vör

Faroese: vørr

⇒ Gothic: 𐍅𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌹𐌻𐍉 (wairilō) (< *werulō)

From Proto-Indo-European *wer- (“high, raised area, tuber, lump, blister”). Compare Latin varus (“pimple”).


uzlagjaną

uzlagjō (active first-person indicative singular)
uzlagjaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
uzlagjai (first-person indicative passive singular)
uzlagisi (active indicative second-person singular)
uzlagjais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
uzlagi (active imperative second-person singular)
uzlagjasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
uzlagjaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
uzlagiþi (active indicative singular third-person)
uzlagjai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
uzlagjaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
uzlagjaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
uzlagjaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
uzlagjōs (active dual first-person indicative)
uzlagjaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
uzlagjaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
uzlagjaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
uzlagjaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
uzlagjamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
uzlagjaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
uzlagjanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
uzlagjainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
uzlagiþ (active indicative plural second-person)
uzlagjaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
uzlagiþ (active imperative plural second-person)
uzlagjanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
uzlagjainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
uzlagjanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
uzlagjain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
uzlagjanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
uzlagjanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
uzlagjainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
uzlagidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
uzlagidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
uzlagidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
uzlagidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
uzlagidē (active indicative singular third-person)
uzlagidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
uzlagidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
uzlagidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
uzlagidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
uzlagidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
uzlagidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
uzlagidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
uzlagidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
uzlagidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
uzlagidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
uzlagidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
uzlagjandz (active participle present)
uzlagidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Old English: āleċġan

Middle English: aleggen, aleyen, alayen

English: allay

Old High German: arleggen, irleccan

Middle High German: erleggen

German: erlegen

Luxembourgish: erleeën

Gothic: 𐌿𐍃𐌻𐌰𐌲𐌾𐌰𐌽 (uslagjan)


gaberaną

gaberō (active first-person indicative singular)
gaberaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
gaberai (first-person indicative passive singular)
gabirizi (active indicative second-person singular)
gaberaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
gaber (active imperative second-person singular)
gaberazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
gaberaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
gabiridi (active indicative singular third-person)
gaberai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
gaberadau (active imperative singular third-person)
gaberadai (indicative passive singular third-person)
gaberaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
gaberōz (active dual first-person indicative)
gaberaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
gaberadiz (active dual indicative second-person)
gaberaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
gaberadiz (active dual imperative second-person)
gaberamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
gaberaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
gaberandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
gaberaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
gabirid (active indicative plural second-person)
gaberaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
gabirid (active imperative plural second-person)
gaberandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
gaberaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
gaberandi (active indicative plural third-person)
gaberain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
gaberandau (active imperative plural third-person)
gaberandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
gaberaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
gabar (active first-person indicative singular)
gabērį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
gabart (active indicative second-person singular)
gabērīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
gabar (active indicative singular third-person)
gabērī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
gabērū (active dual first-person indicative)
gabērīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
gabērudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
gabērīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
gabērum (active first-person indicative plural)
gabērīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
gabērud (active indicative plural second-person)
gabērīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
gabērun (active indicative plural third-person)
gabērīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
gaberandz (active participle present)
gaburanaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *gaberan
Old English: ġeberan
Middle English: ȝeberen, iberen
(Scots: bere, beir)
(English: bear)
Old Saxon: giberan
Middle Low German: gebēren
→ North Frisian: gebeure
→ Saterland Frisian: gebääre
Old High German: giberan
Middle High German: gebërn
German: gebären
Luxembourgish: gebären

Gothic: 𐌲𐌰𐌱𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌰𐌽 (gabairan)


marzijaną

marzijō (active first-person indicative singular)
marzijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
marzijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
marzīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
marzijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
marzī (active imperative second-person singular)
marzijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
marzijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
marzīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
marzijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
marzijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
marzijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
marzijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
marzijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
marzijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
marzijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
marzijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
marzijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
marzijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
marzijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
marzijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
marzijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
marzīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
marzijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
marzīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
marzijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
marzijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
marzijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
marzijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
marzijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
marzijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
marzijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
marzidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
marzidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
marzidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
marzidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
marzidē (active indicative singular third-person)
marzidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
marzidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
marzidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
marzidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
marzidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
marzidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
marzidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
marzidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
marzidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
marzidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
marzidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
marzijandz (active participle present)
marzidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *marʀijan
Old English: mierran, merran
Middle English: merren
Scots: mer, mar
English: mar
Old Frisian: mēra
Old Saxon: merrian
Middle Low German: merren
Old Dutch: *merren
Middle Dutch: merren
Old High German: marrjan, marran, merran, merren
Middle High German: merren
German: merren
→ Old French: marrir (see there for further descendants)

Old Norse: merja

Icelandic: merja

Faroese: merja

Gothic: 𐌼𐌰𐍂𐌶𐌾𐌰𐌽 (marzjan)

→ Catalan: marrar

→ Galician: marrar

→ Spanish: marrar

Causative form of an unattested strong verb *mersaną, from Proto-Indo-European *mers- (“to annoy, disturb, neglect, forget, ignore”). Related to Hittite [script needed] (maršant-, “deceitful, false, duplicitous”), Lithuanian miršti (“to forget, lose, become oblivious, die”), Armenian մոռանալ (moṙanal, “to forget, fail”).


hnakkô

hnakkô (nominative singular)
hnakkaniz (nominative plural)
hnakkô (singular vocative)
hnakkaniz (plural vocative)
hnakkanų (accusative singular)
hnakkanunz (accusative plural)
hnakkiniz (genitive singular)
hnakkanǫ̂ (genitive plural)
hnakkini (dative singular)
hnakkammaz (dative plural)
hnakkinē (instrumental singular)
hnakkammiz (instrumental plural)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *hnakkō, *hnekkō
Old English: *hnæcca, hnecca
Middle English: nekke, nake, nec, necke, nek, neke; nhicke, nykke (Kent)
English: neck
Scots: neck
Yola: neckarès (plural)
Old Frisian: hnekka, nekke
North Frisian: neek, neeke, Nak
Saterland Frisian: Näcke, Näkke
West Frisian: nekke
Old Saxon: *hnakko, *hnekko
Middle Low German: nacke, nëcke
German Low German: Nacke, Nack
Low German: nakke
Plautdietsch: Jenekj (?)
Old Dutch: *nakko, nekko
Middle Dutch: nacke, nac, necke, nack, neck, nick
Dutch: nek
Afrikaans: nek
Limburgish: nak
Old High German: *hnahho, hnach-, hnacch-, hnac, nach, nac, nak
Middle High German: knac, nacke, nac
German: Nacken
Vilamovian: naoka
Yiddish: נאַקן (nakn)

Old Norse: hnakki
Icelandic: hnakki
Faroese: nakki
Norwegian: nakke
Old Swedish: nakke
Swedish: nacke
Old Danish: nakkæ
Danish: nakke

From Proto-Indo-European *knog-, *kneg- (“back of the head, nape, neck”), from *ken- (“to press, pinch, buckle, kink”).
Kroonen reconstructs an etymon Proto-Indo-European *knékō, which he connects with Tocharian A kñuk (“neck”). German Hunke (“hillock”) might retain a trace of the original genitive. Compare Proto-Celtic *knukkos (“protuberance; hill”), which Kroonen suggests is borrowed from Germanic.
Compare also the suffix *-kô, found in names of several other body parts.


swartōną

swartō (active first-person indicative singular)
swartǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
swartōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
swartōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
swartōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
swartō (active imperative second-person singular)
swartōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
swartōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
swartōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
swartō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
swartōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
swartōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
swartōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
swartōs (active dual first-person indicative)
swartōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
swartōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
swartōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
swartōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
swartōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
swartōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
swartōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
swartōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
swartōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
swartōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
swartōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
swartōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
swartōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
swartōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
swartōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
swartōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
swartōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
swartōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
swartōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
swartōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
swartōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
swartōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
swartōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
swartōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
swartōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
swartōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
swartōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
swartōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
swartōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
swartōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
swartōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
swartōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
swartōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
swartōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
swartōndz (active participle present)
swartōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *swartōn
Old English: sweartian
Middle English: swarten
English: swart
Old Frisian: *swartia
West Frisian: swartsje
Old Saxon: *swartōn
Middle Low German: swarten
Old Dutch: *swarton
Middle Dutch: swarten
Dutch: zwarten

Old Norse: svarta

Icelandic: svarta


aunōną

aunō (active first-person indicative singular)
aunǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
aunōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
aunōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
aunōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
aunō (active imperative second-person singular)
aunōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
aunōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
aunōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
aunō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
aunōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
aunōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
aunōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
aunōs (active dual first-person indicative)
aunōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
aunōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
aunōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
aunōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
aunōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
aunōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
aunōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
aunōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
aunōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
aunōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
aunōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
aunōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
aunōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
aunōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
aunōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
aunōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
aunōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
aunōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
aunōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
aunōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
aunōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
aunōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
aunōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
aunōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
aunōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
aunōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
aunōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
aunōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
aunōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
aunōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
aunōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
aunōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
aunōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
aunōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
aunōndz (active participle present)
aunōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *aunōn
Old English: ēanian
Middle English: enen, einde, enyen, enyn
English: ean
Scots: eenie
Old Frisian: *ānia
⇒ Saterland Frisian: bejänne
West Frisian: eandsje, inje, (antsje?)
Old Saxon: *ōnon
Middle Low German: *ônen
→ North Frisian: oone (Hallig)
Old Dutch: *ōnon
Middle Dutch: *ônen
Dutch: onen (dialectal)

Proto-Norse:

Old Norse: *auna

Old Swedish: öna

Swedish: öna (dialectal, < *aunijaną?)

Gutnish: åina

/ˈɑu̯.nɔː.nɑ̃/

From earlier *ak(w)nōną, although influenced in form by *awiz, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂egʷnós (“lamb”). Cognate with Latin agnus (“lamb”), Ancient Greek ἀμνός (amnós, “lamb”), Old Irish úan (“lamb”), Old Church Slavonic агнѧ (agnę, “lamb”).


anþiją

anþiją (nominative singular)
anþijō (nominative plural)
anþiją (singular vocative)
anþijō (plural vocative)
anþiją (accusative singular)
anþijō (accusative plural)
anþijas (genitive singular)
anþīs (genitive singular)
anþijǫ̂ (genitive plural)
anþijai (dative singular)
anþijamaz (dative plural)
anþijō (instrumental singular)
anþijamiz (instrumental plural)

Old High German: andi, endi

Cimbrian: énne

Old Norse: enni
Icelandic: enni
Faroese: enni
Norwegian: enne
Elfdalian: enne
Old Swedish: ænne
Swedish: änne (dialectal, archaic)

→? Proto-Finnic: *oncca (see there for further descendants)

From Proto-Indo-European *h₂ent- (“forehead”). Related to Latin antiae (“forelocks”), Old Irish étan (“forehead”). Compare *andijaz (“end”) and *umbi (“around”).


wētijaną

wētijō (active first-person indicative singular)
wētijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
wētijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
wētīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
wētijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
wētī (active imperative second-person singular)
wētijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
wētijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
wētīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
wētijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
wētijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
wētijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
wētijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
wētijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
wētijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
wētijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
wētijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
wētijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
wētijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
wētijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
wētijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
wētijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
wētīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
wētijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
wētīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
wētijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
wētijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
wētijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
wētijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
wētijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
wētijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
wētijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
wētidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
wētidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
wētidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
wētidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
wētidē (active indicative singular third-person)
wētidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
wētidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
wētidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
wētidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
wētidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
wētidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
wētidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
wētidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
wētidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
wētidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
wētidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
wētijandz (active participle present)
wētidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *wātijan
Old English: wǣtan, wētan
Middle English: weten
English: wet
Scots: wete, weit
⇒ Middle English: wett, iwett, ywett (ppt)
English: wet
Scots: wat
Old Frisian: wēta

Old Norse: væta

Icelandic: væta

Faroese: væta

Norwegian: væte

Old Swedish: vǣta

Swedish: väta

Old Danish: wætæ

Danish: væde


wētaz

*wētaz (a-stem)

wētaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
wētai (masculine nominative plural strong)
wētō (feminine nominative singular strong)
wētôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
wētą (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
wētō (neuter nominative plural strong)
wētanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
wētanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
wētǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
wētōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
wētą (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
wētō (accusative neuter plural strong)
wētas (genitive masculine singular strong)
-is (genitive masculine singular strong)
wētaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
wētaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
wētaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
wētas (genitive neuter singular strong)
-is (genitive neuter singular strong)
wētaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
wētammai (dative masculine singular strong)
wētaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
wētaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
wētaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
wētammai (dative neuter singular strong)
wētaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
wētanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
wētaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
wētaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
wētaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
wētanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
wētaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
wētô (masculine nominative singular weak)
wētaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
wētǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
wētōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
wētô (neuter nominative singular weak)
wētōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
wētanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
wētanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
wētōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
wētōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
wētô (accusative neuter singular weak)
wētōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
wētiniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
wētanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
wētōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
wētōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
wētiniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
wētanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
wētini (dative masculine singular weak)
wētammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
wētōni (dative feminine singular weak)
wētōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
wētini (dative neuter singular weak)
wētammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
wētinē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
wētammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
wētōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
wētōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
wētinē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
wētammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

Proto-West Germanic: *wāt
Old English: wǣt
Middle English: wāt, wēt, weet
Scots: weet, weit
English: weet (dialectal)
Old Frisian: wēt
North Frisian: weet, wiat, wäit
Saterland Frisian: wäit
West Frisian: wiet
>? Old Dutch: *wāt
Middle Dutch: wet, wit (possibly borrowed from Frisian)
⇒ Middle Dutch: verwetten
⇒ Middle Dutch: wetheit

Old Norse: vátr

Icelandic: votur

Faroese: vátur

Norwegian: våt

Old Swedish: vāter

Swedish: våt

Old Danish: wātær

Danish: våd

Vṛddhi derivative from Proto-Indo-European *wed- (“water, wet”).