linþawurmiz

linþawurmiz (nominative singular)
linþawurmīz (nominative plural)
linþawurmi (singular vocative)
linþawurmīz (plural vocative)
linþawurmį (accusative singular)
linþawurminz (accusative plural)
linþawurmīz (genitive singular)
linþawurmijǫ̂ (genitive plural)
linþawurmī (dative singular)
linþawurmimaz (dative plural)
linþawurmī (instrumental singular)
linþawurmimiz (instrumental plural)

Proto-West Germanic: *linþawurmi

Old Saxon: *lindwurm

Middle Low German: lindeworm

German Low German: Lindworm

Old Dutch: *lindwurm

Middle Dutch: lindeworm

Dutch: lindeworm

Old High German: lindwurm

Middle High German: lintwurm

German: Lindwurm

Old Norse: linnormr

Icelandic: linnormur, lindormur

Danish: lindorm

Norwegian: lindorm

→? English: lindworm; lindorm; lindwyrm

From *linþaz (“flexible, flimsy”) + *wurmiz (“worm, serpent”).

compound

(North Germanic) dragon (mythical large serpentine creature)


jeuką

jeuką (nominative singular)
jeukō (nominative plural)
jeuką (singular vocative)
jeukō (plural vocative)
jeuką (accusative singular)
jeukō (accusative plural)
jeukas (genitive singular)
jiukis (genitive singular)
jeukǫ̂ (genitive plural)
jiukai (dative singular)
jeukamaz (dative plural)
jeukō (instrumental singular)
jeukamiz (instrumental plural)

Proto-West Germanic: *jeuk

Old High German: *jiuh

Middle High German: jiuch (“acreage”)

From Proto-Indo-European *yéwgom. Cognate with Ancient Greek Ancient Greek ζεῦγος (zeûgos, “yoke (of beasts), pair, team”).

cog

(West Germanic) team of draft animals, pair of oxen


euþą

euþą (nominative singular)
euþō (nominative plural)
euþą (singular vocative)
euþō (plural vocative)
euþą (accusative singular)
euþō (accusative plural)
euþas (genitive singular)
iuþis (genitive singular)
euþǫ̂ (genitive plural)
iuþai (dative singular)
euþamaz (dative plural)
euþō (instrumental singular)
euþamiz (instrumental plural)

Old Norse: jóð

Icelandic: jóð

From pre-Germanic *h₁ew(H)-t-, likely an extension of the same root found in Latin iuvō, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ewH- (“to help, assist”).


seþlą

seþlą (nominative singular)
seþlō (nominative plural)
seþlą (singular vocative)
seþlō (plural vocative)
seþlą (accusative singular)
seþlō (accusative plural)
seþlas (genitive singular)
siþlis (genitive singular)
seþlǫ̂ (genitive plural)
siþlai (dative singular)
seþlamaz (dative plural)
seþlō (instrumental singular)
seþlamiz (instrumental plural)

Old English: seþl (merged(?) with the reflex of *setlaz)

Old Saxon: sethal

Old High German: sedal

From pre-Germanic *sét-lom, probably continuing earlier *sét-ōl; compare *sadulaz, which seems to point to an earlier *sót-l̥, *s(o)t-né-. Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *set- (“to be stable”), cognate with Ancient Greek ἐτάζω (etázō), Ancient Greek ἐτεός (eteós). Despite the appealing semantics, this cannot represent *sed-tlom, as that would have given *seslą, just as *sed-tos gave *sessaz.


swizjô

swizjô (nominative singular)
swizjaniz (nominative plural)
swizjô (singular vocative)
swizjaniz (plural vocative)
swizjanų (accusative singular)
swizjanunz (accusative plural)
swizjiniz (genitive singular)
swizjanǫ̂ (genitive plural)
swizjini (dative singular)
swizjammaz (dative plural)
swizjinē (instrumental singular)
swizjammiz (instrumental plural)

Old English: ġeswiria

Old Swedish: swiri

From pre-Germanic *swes-yós, "of a sister", from Proto-Indo-European *swes-, "to be of one's own, familiar".


smaltijaną

smaltijō (active first-person indicative singular)
smaltijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
smaltijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
smaltīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
smaltijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
smaltī (active imperative second-person singular)
smaltijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
smaltijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
smaltīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
smaltijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
smaltijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
smaltijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
smaltijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
smaltijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
smaltijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
smaltijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
smaltijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
smaltijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
smaltijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
smaltijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
smaltijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
smaltijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
smaltīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
smaltijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
smaltīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
smaltijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
smaltijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
smaltijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
smaltijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
smaltijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
smaltijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
smaltijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
smaltidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
smaltidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
smaltidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
smaltidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
smaltidē (active indicative singular third-person)
smaltidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
smaltidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
smaltidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
smaltidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
smaltidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
smaltidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
smaltidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
smaltidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
smaltidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
smaltidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
smaltidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
smaltijandz (active participle present)
smaltidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *smaltijan
Old Frisian: *smelta
Saterland Frisian: smilte
West Frisian: smelte, smeltsje
Old Saxon: *smeltian
Middle Low German: smelten
Low German: smölten
Old Dutch: *smelten
Middle Dutch: smelten
Dutch: smelten
Afrikaans: smelt
Berbice Creole Dutch: smelti
Negerhollands: smelt
→ English: smelt
Limburgish: smöltje
Old High German: smelzen
Middle High German: smelzen
German: schmelzen
Luxembourgish: schmëlzen

Old Norse: smelta

Icelandic: smelta

Norwegian:

Norwegian Bokmål: smelte

Norwegian Nynorsk: smelta

Old Swedish: smælta

Swedish: smälta

Old Danish: smæltæ

Danish: smelte

Gutnish: smälta

Dalian: smälta

Elfdalian: smelta


swīpaną

swīpō (active first-person indicative singular)
swīpaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
swīpai (first-person indicative passive singular)
swīpizi (active indicative second-person singular)
swīpaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
swīp (active imperative second-person singular)
swīpazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
swīpaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
swīpidi (active indicative singular third-person)
swīpai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
swīpadau (active imperative singular third-person)
swīpadai (indicative passive singular third-person)
swīpaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
swīpōz (active dual first-person indicative)
swīpaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
swīpadiz (active dual indicative second-person)
swīpaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
swīpadiz (active dual imperative second-person)
swīpamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
swīpaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
swīpandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
swīpaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
swīpid (active indicative plural second-person)
swīpaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
swīpid (active imperative plural second-person)
swīpandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
swīpaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
swīpandi (active indicative plural third-person)
swīpain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
swīpandau (active imperative plural third-person)
swīpandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
swīpaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
swaip (active first-person indicative singular)
swipį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
swaift (active indicative second-person singular)
swipīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
swaip (active indicative singular third-person)
swipī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
swipū (active dual first-person indicative)
swipīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
swipudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
swipīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
swipum (active first-person indicative plural)
swipīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
swipud (active indicative plural second-person)
swipīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
swipun (active indicative plural third-person)
swipīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
swīpandz (active participle present)
swipanaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *swīpan
⇒ Old Saxon: farswīpan
Old Dutch: *swīpan
Middle Dutch: *swipen
Dutch: zwijpen, swijpen (obsolete)

Old Norse: svípa

Closely related to the strong verb *swībaną. It seems to have adopted the -p- from the iterative verb *swippōną. Ultimately from *ksweybʰ- (“to move swiftly, swing, whip”).


sīþaną

sīþō (active first-person indicative singular)
sīþaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
sīþai (first-person indicative passive singular)
sīþizi (active indicative second-person singular)
sīþaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
sīþ (active imperative second-person singular)
sīþazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
sīþaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
sīþidi (active indicative singular third-person)
sīþai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
sīþadau (active imperative singular third-person)
sīþadai (indicative passive singular third-person)
sīþaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
sīþōz (active dual first-person indicative)
sīþaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
sīþadiz (active dual indicative second-person)
sīþaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
sīþadiz (active dual imperative second-person)
sīþamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
sīþaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
sīþandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
sīþaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
sīþid (active indicative plural second-person)
sīþaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
sīþid (active imperative plural second-person)
sīþandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
sīþaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
sīþandi (active indicative plural third-person)
sīþain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
sīþandau (active imperative plural third-person)
sīþandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
sīþaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
saiþ (active first-person indicative singular)
sidį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
saist (active indicative second-person singular)
sidīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
saiþ (active indicative singular third-person)
sidī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
sidū (active dual first-person indicative)
sidīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
sidudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
sidīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
sidum (active first-person indicative plural)
sidīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
sidud (active indicative plural second-person)
sidīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
sidun (active indicative plural third-person)
sidīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
sīþandz (active participle present)
swidanaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Old Norse: síða

Icelandic: síða

From Proto-Indo-European séyt-e-ti thematic root present to Proto-Indo-European *seyt-.


stikkô

stikkô (nominative singular)
stikkaniz (nominative plural)
stikkô (singular vocative)
stikkaniz (plural vocative)
stikkanų (accusative singular)
stikkanunz (accusative plural)
stikkiniz (genitive singular)
stikkanǫ̂ (genitive plural)
stikkini (dative singular)
stikkammaz (dative plural)
stikkinē (instrumental singular)
stikkammiz (instrumental plural)

Proto-West Germanic: *stikkō, *stekkō
Old English: sticca, *stecca
Middle English: stikke, sticke, stik
English: stick
Scots: stick, stikk
Old Frisian: *stikka, *stekka, stekk, stek
Saterland Frisian: Stikke
West Frisian: stikke
Old Saxon: stekko, stikko
Middle Low German: sticke, stecke, sticken, stik
Dutch Low Saxon: stek, stik
German Low German: Stick
Old Dutch: *stikko, *stekko
Middle Dutch: stecke, stec
Dutch: stek
West Flemish: stek, stekke
Old High German: steccho, stecko
Middle High German: stecke, steche
Alemannic German: Steche
Swabian: Schdägga
Bavarian: Schdagga, Schdägn, Stacka, Steckn
German: Stecken
Pennsylvania German: Schtecke
Rhine Franconian: Stecke
Yiddish: שטעקן (shtekn)

Old Norse: stikki

⇒ Old Norse: stikka, stika

Icelandic: stikka

Faroese: stikka

Norwegian Bokmål: stikke

Norwegian Nynorsk: stikka, stika (dialectal)

Old Danish: stikkæ

Danish: stikke

Old Swedish: stikka

Swedish: sticka

A deverbal formation from *stikkōną, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)teyg-.

w:Oxford English Dictionary#Electronic versions

Oxford University Press
w:Oxford University Press


ubiswō

ubiswō (nominative singular)
ubiswôz (nominative plural)
ubiswō (singular vocative)
ubiswôz (plural vocative)
ubiswǭ (accusative singular)
ubiswōz (accusative plural)
ubiswōz (genitive singular)
ubiswǫ̂ (genitive plural)
ubiswōi (dative singular)
ubiswōmaz (dative plural)
ubiswō (instrumental singular)
ubiswōmiz (instrumental plural)

Proto-West Germanic: *ubisu, *obisu
Old English: œfis, efis, yfes, *ofes, efes
Middle English: eves, oves
English: eaves, eave
⇒ Middle English: *eves-wall
English: eaves-wall
Scots: easwas, easle, eazle, aisywaas
Old Frisian: ōse
North Frisian: ose
Saterland Frisian: Ouse
West Frisian: oes
Old Saxon: *ovisa
Middle Low German: ȫvese, ȫsene, ȫsen, ȫse, ȫze
Low German: Öse, Ese
⇒ Middle Low German: ovesval, ȫvesval (“eaves-wall”)
Old Dutch: *uvisa, *ovisa
Middle Dutch: ōvese, uevese, ōse, oyse, ōsie
Dutch: ozie, euzie
⇒ Dutch: ozing
Old High German: obisa, obasa
Middle High German: obese, obse
Bavarian: Obesen (dialectal)

Old Norse: ups

Gothic: 𐌿𐌱𐌹𐌶𐍅𐌰 (ubizwa)


Sigimēraz

Sigimēraz (nominative singular)
Sigimērai (dative singular)

Proto-West Germanic: *Sigimār

Old English: Siġemǣr

⇒ German: Sigmaringen

Proto-Norse: ᛋᛁᚷᛁᛗᛡᚱᛡᛉ (sigimᴀrᴀʀ /Sigimāraʀ/)
Old Norse: Sigmarr
Icelandic: Sigmar
Faroese: Sigmar

→ Latin: Segimerus

From *sigiz (“victory”) + *mēraz (“famous”).


jungijaną

jungijō (active first-person indicative singular)
jungijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
jungijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
jungīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
jungijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
jungī (active imperative second-person singular)
jungijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
jungijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
jungīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
jungijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
jungijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
jungijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
jungijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
jungijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
jungijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
jungijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
jungijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
jungijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
jungijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
jungijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
jungijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
jungijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
jungīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
jungijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
jungīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
jungijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
jungijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
jungijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
jungijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
jungijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
jungijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
jungijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
jungidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
jungidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
jungidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
jungidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
jungidē (active indicative singular third-person)
jungidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
jungidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
jungidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
jungidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
jungidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
jungidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
jungidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
jungidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
jungidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
jungidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
jungidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
jungijandz (active participle present)
jungidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *jungijan
Old English: *ġinġan
Middle English: gingen (early)
Old Saxon: *jungian
Middle Low German: jüngen
Old High German: jungen
Middle High German: jüngen
⇒ German: verjüngen

Old Norse: *yngja

Icelandic: yngja

Faroese: yngja

Norwegian Nynorsk: yngja

Swedish: ynga

Danish: ynge, ynges, ⇒ forynge

Norwegian Bokmål: ynge, ynges, forynge


skībǭ

skībǭ (nominative singular)
skībōniz (nominative plural)
skībǭ (singular vocative)
skībōniz (plural vocative)
skībōnų (accusative singular)
skībōnunz (accusative plural)
skībōniz (genitive singular)
skībōnǫ̂ (genitive plural)
skībōni (dative singular)
skībōmaz (dative plural)
skībōnē (instrumental singular)
skībōmiz (instrumental plural)

Proto-West Germanic: *skībā
Old English: *sċīfe
Middle English: schyve, schive, shive, shyve
English: shive
Scots: shive
Old Frisian: *skīve
West Frisian: skiif
Old Saxon: skīva
Middle Low German: schîve
German Low German: Schiev
Plautdietsch: Schiew
Old Dutch: *skīva
Middle Dutch: skive
Dutch: schijf
Afrikaans: skyf
→ Papiamentu: schijfie (dated)
Limburgish: sjief
Old High German: skība
Middle High German: schībe
Alemannic German: Schiibe, Schiebe
Swabian: Scheiba
Bavarian: Scheim, Scheibm
Central Franconian: Scheif, Schiev
German: Scheibe
→ Bulgarian: шайба (šajba)
→ Hunsrik: Scheib
→ Polish: szajba
→ Romanian: șaibă
→ Russian: шайба (šajba)
→ Armenian: շայբա (šayba)
→ Azerbaijani: şayba
→ Georgian: შაიბა (šaiba)
Luxembourgish: Scheif
Rhine Franconian: Scheib, Schieb
Palatine German: Scheib, Schäib, Schiew
Pennsylvania German: Scheib
Vilamovian: śajw
Yiddish: שײַב (shayb)
→ Slovene: šípa

Old Norse: skífa
Danish: skive
Faroese: skiva
Icelandic: skífa
Norwegian Bokmål: skive
Swedish: skiva

Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *skey- (“to split”), presumably as *skip-ón-.


latāną

latō (active first-person indicative singular)
lataisi (active indicative second-person singular)
latai (active imperative second-person singular)
latāsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
lataiþi (active indicative singular third-person)
latāþau (active imperative singular third-person)
latāþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
latōs (active dual first-person indicative)
latāþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
latāþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
latāmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
latānþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
lataiþ (active indicative plural second-person)
lataiþ (active imperative plural second-person)
latānþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
latānþi (active indicative plural third-person)
latānþau (active imperative plural third-person)
latānþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
latadǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
latadēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
latadēz (active indicative second-person singular)
latadēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
latadē (active indicative singular third-person)
latadēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
latadēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
latadēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
latadēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
latadēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
latadēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
latadēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
latadēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
latadēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
latadēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
latadēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
latāndz (active participle present)
latadaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *latēn
Old English: latian
Middle English: laten
Old Saxon: *latōn
Middle Low German: lāten
Old High German: lazēn, lazzēn, lazōn
Middle High German: lazzen

Old Norse: lata

Icelandic: lata


aināną

ainō (active first-person indicative singular)
ainaisi (active indicative second-person singular)
ainai (active imperative second-person singular)
aināsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
ainaiþi (active indicative singular third-person)
aināþau (active imperative singular third-person)
aināþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
ainōs (active dual first-person indicative)
aināþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
aināþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
aināmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
ainānþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
ainaiþ (active indicative plural second-person)
ainaiþ (active imperative plural second-person)
ainānþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
ainānþi (active indicative plural third-person)
ainānþau (active imperative plural third-person)
ainānþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
ainadǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
ainadēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
ainadēz (active indicative second-person singular)
ainadēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
ainadē (active indicative singular third-person)
ainadēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
ainadēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
ainadēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
ainadēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
ainadēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
ainadēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
ainadēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
ainadēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
ainadēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
ainadēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
ainadēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
aināndz (active participle present)
ainadaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *ainēn
Old High German: *einēn
Middle High German: einen
⇒ Old High German: ireinēn

Gothic: *𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌰𐌽 (*ainan)

⇒ Gothic: 𐌲𐌰𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌰𐌽 (gaainan)

/ˈɑi̯.nɑː.nɑ̃/

From both *ainaz (“one”) + *-āną (“stative-fientive suffix”) and *ainaz (“one”) + *-āną (“factitive suffix”).


wisnaną

wisnō (active first-person indicative singular)
wisnaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
wisnōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
wisnais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
wisnō (active imperative second-person singular)
wisnōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
wisnai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
wisnōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
wisnōs (active dual first-person indicative)
wisnaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
wisnaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
wisnaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
wisnaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
wisnamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
wisnaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
wisnaþ (active indicative plural second-person)
wisnaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
wisnaþ (active imperative plural second-person)
wisnanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
wisnain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
wisnanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
wisnōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
wisnōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
wisnōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
wisnōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
wisnōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
wisnōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
wisnōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
wisnōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
wisnōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
wisnōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
wisnōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
wisnōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
wisnōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
wisnōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
wisnōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
wisnōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
wisnandz (active participle present)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *wisnēn
Old English: wisnian, weosnian
Middle English: wisenen
English: wizen
Old High German: wesanēn

Old Norse: visna
Danish: visne
Norwegian Bokmål: visne
Icelandic: visna
Norwegian Nynorsk: visna
Swedish: vissna


twiznāną

twiznō (active first-person indicative singular)
twiznaisi (active indicative second-person singular)
twiznai (active imperative second-person singular)
twiznāsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
twiznaiþi (active indicative singular third-person)
twiznāþau (active imperative singular third-person)
twiznāþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
twiznōs (active dual first-person indicative)
twiznāþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
twiznāþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
twiznāmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
twiznānþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
twiznaiþ (active indicative plural second-person)
twiznaiþ (active imperative plural second-person)
twiznānþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
twiznānþi (active indicative plural third-person)
twiznānþau (active imperative plural third-person)
twiznānþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
twiznadǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
twiznadēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
twiznadēz (active indicative second-person singular)
twiznadēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
twiznadē (active indicative singular third-person)
twiznadēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
twiznadēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
twiznadēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
twiznadēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
twiznadēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
twiznadēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
twiznadēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
twiznadēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
twiznadēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
twiznadēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
twiznadēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
twiznāndz (active participle present)
twiznadaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *twiʀnēn, *twiʀnōn
Old English: *twīnian
Middle English: twynen
English: twine
Scots: twine
Old Frisian: *twīnia
Saterland Frisian: twienje
West Frisian: twynje, twine
Old Saxon: *twirnōn
Middle Low German: twernen
Low German: twernen
Old Dutch: *twirnon, *twīnon
Middle Dutch: twernen, twinen
Dutch: tweernen, twijnen
Old High German: zwirnēn, zwirnōn
Middle High German: zwirnen
German: zwirnen

Old Norse: tvinna

Icelandic: tvinna

Norwegian:

Norwegian Bokmål: tvinne

Swedish: tvinna

Danish: tvinde


grunnitjaną

grunnitjō (active first-person indicative singular)
grunnitjaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
grunnitjai (first-person indicative passive singular)
grunnitisi (active indicative second-person singular)
grunnitjais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
grunniti (active imperative second-person singular)
grunnitjasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
grunnitjaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
grunnitiþi (active indicative singular third-person)
grunnitjai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
grunnitjaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
grunnitjaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
grunnitjaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
grunnitjōs (active dual first-person indicative)
grunnitjaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
grunnitjaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
grunnitjaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
grunnitjaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
grunnitjamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
grunnitjaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
grunnitjanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
grunnitjainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
grunnitiþ (active indicative plural second-person)
grunnitjaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
grunnitiþ (active imperative plural second-person)
grunnitjanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
grunnitjainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
grunnitjanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
grunnitjain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
grunnitjanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
grunnitjanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
grunnitjainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
grunnistǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
grunnistēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
grunnistēz (active indicative second-person singular)
grunnistēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
grunnistē (active indicative singular third-person)
grunnistēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
grunnistēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
grunnistēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
grunnistēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
grunnistēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
grunnistēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
grunnistēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
grunnistēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
grunnistēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
grunnistēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
grunnistēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
grunnitjandz (active participle present)
grunnitidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *grunnittjan

Old English: *gryntan

Middle English: grinten

English: grint

⇒ Old English: ongryntan

Old Norse: *grynta

Norwegian Bokmål: grynte

Norwegian Nynorsk: grynte

Swedish: grymta

Old Danish: grynte

Danish: grynte


sīdiþō

sīdiþō (nominative singular)
sīdiþôz (nominative plural)
sīdiþō (singular vocative)
sīdiþôz (plural vocative)
sīdiþǭ (accusative singular)
sīdiþōz (accusative plural)
sīdiþōz (genitive singular)
sīdiþǫ̂ (genitive plural)
sīdiþōi (dative singular)
sīdiþōmaz (dative plural)
sīdiþō (instrumental singular)
sīdiþōmiz (instrumental plural)

Old Norse: sídd

Icelandic: sídd

Faroese: sídd

Norwegian Nynorsk: sidd, sidde


skībōną

skībō (active first-person indicative singular)
skībǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
skībōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
skībōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
skībōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
skībō (active imperative second-person singular)
skībōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
skībōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
skībōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
skībō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
skībōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
skībōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
skībōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
skībōs (active dual first-person indicative)
skībōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
skībōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
skībōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
skībōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
skībōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
skībōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
skībōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
skībōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
skībōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
skībōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
skībōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
skībōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
skībōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
skībōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
skībōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
skībōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
skībōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
skībōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
skībōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
skībōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
skībōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
skībōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
skībōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
skībōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
skībōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
skībōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
skībōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
skībōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
skībōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
skībōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
skībōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
skībōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
skībōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
skībōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
skībōndz (active participle present)
skībōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *skībōn
Old Frisian: skīvia


wōþuz

Old Dutch: *wuot, *wuodi

Middle Dutch: woet

Dutch: woede

Old Norse: óðr

Icelandic: óður

From Proto-Indo-European *weh₂t- (“to be excited”). Cognate with Proto-Celtic *wātus (“poetic insipiration”), related to Latin vātēs (“seer, soothsayer, poet, oracle”).


gastihūsą

gastihūsą (nominative singular)
gastihūsō (nominative plural)
gastihūsą (singular vocative)
gastihūsō (plural vocative)
gastihūsą (accusative singular)
gastihūsō (accusative plural)
gastihūsas (genitive singular)
gastihūsis (genitive singular)
gastihūsǫ̂ (genitive plural)
gastihūsai (dative singular)
gastihūsamaz (dative plural)
gastihūsō (instrumental singular)
gastihūsamiz (instrumental plural)

Proto-West Germanic: *gastihūs

Old English: gæsthūs, ġiesthūs, ġysthūs

desc

Middle English: *ȝesthus, *ȝisthus, gistenehuse, gystehuse, gesthus, gessthus, gest house (influenced by Old Norse)

English: guesthouse

Old Frisian: jesthūs

Old Saxon: gasthūs

Middle Low German: gasthûs, gastehûs

German Low German: Gasthuus

→ Saterland Frisian: Gasthuus

Old Dutch: *gasthūs

Middle Dutch: gasthuus

Dutch: gasthuis

→ West Frisian: gasthûs

Old High German: gasthūs

Middle High German: gasthūs

German: Gasthaus, Gästehaus

Old Norse: gestahús

Icelandic: gestahús, gistihús

Norwegian: gjestehus

Swedish: gästhus

Danish: gæstehus


preunōną

preunō (active first-person indicative singular)
preunǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
preunōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
preunōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
preunōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
preunō (active imperative second-person singular)
preunōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
preunōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
preunōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
preunō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
preunōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
preunōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
preunōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
preunōs (active dual first-person indicative)
preunōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
preunōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
preunōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
preunōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
preunōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
preunōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
preunōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
preunōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
preunōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
preunōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
preunōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
preunōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
preunōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
preunōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
preunōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
preunōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
preunōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
preunōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
preunōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
preunōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
preunōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
preunōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
preunōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
preunōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
preunōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
preunōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
preunōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
preunōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
preunōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
preunōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
preunōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
preunōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
preunōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
preunōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
preunōndz (active participle present)
preunōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *preunōn, *preumōn
Old English: *prēonan (and / or from *priunijan)
Middle English: prenen
English: preen
Old Frisian: *priāmia
West Frisian: priemje, priemkje
Old Saxon: *priomon
Middle Low German: prêmen
Old Dutch: *priemon (and / or from *priunijan)
Middle Dutch: priemen
Dutch: priemen

Old Norse: *prjóna

Icelandic: prjóna


aitrōną

aitrō (active first-person indicative singular)
aitrǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
aitrōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
aitrōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
aitrōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
aitrō (active imperative second-person singular)
aitrōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
aitrōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
aitrōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
aitrō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
aitrōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
aitrōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
aitrōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
aitrōs (active dual first-person indicative)
aitrōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
aitrōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
aitrōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
aitrōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
aitrōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
aitrōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
aitrōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
aitrōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
aitrōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
aitrōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
aitrōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
aitrōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
aitrōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
aitrōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
aitrōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
aitrōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
aitrōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
aitrōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
aitrōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
aitrōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
aitrōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
aitrōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
aitrōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
aitrōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
aitrōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
aitrōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
aitrōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
aitrōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
aitrōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
aitrōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
aitrōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
aitrōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
aitrōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
aitrōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
aitrōndz (active participle present)
aitrōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *aittrōn
Old English: ǣtrian, ātrian, ǣttrian
Middle English: attren
English: atter
Scots: etter (vocalism may be due to influence from Old Norse eitra)
Old Frisian: *ātria, *āttria
Saterland Frisian: atterje
Old Saxon: *ētarōn, *ēttarōn
Middle Low German: etteren
Old Dutch: *eitaron, *eittaron
Middle Dutch: etteren
Dutch: etteren
Old High German: eitarōn, eittarōn
Middle High German: eiteren, eitern
German: eitern

Old Norse: eitra

Faroese: eitra

Icelandic: eitra


wērijaną

wērijō (active first-person indicative singular)
wērijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
wērijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
wērīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
wērijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
wērī (active imperative second-person singular)
wērijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
wērijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
wērīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
wērijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
wērijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
wērijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
wērijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
wērijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
wērijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
wērijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
wērijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
wērijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
wērijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
wērijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
wērijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
wērijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
wērīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
wērijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
wērīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
wērijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
wērijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
wērijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
wērijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
wērijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
wērijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
wērijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
wēridǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
wēridēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
wēridēz (active indicative second-person singular)
wēridēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
wēridē (active indicative singular third-person)
wēridēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
wēridēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
wēridēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
wēridēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
wēridēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
wēridēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
wēridēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
wēridēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
wēridēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
wēridēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
wēridēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
wērijandz (active participle present)
wēridaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *wārijan
Old English: wǣran
Old Frisian: wēra
Old Saxon: *wārian
Middle Low German: wēren
Old Dutch: *wāren
Middle Dutch: wāren
Old High German: wāren
Middle High German: wæren

>? Old Norse: væra (to soothe, pacify)

Gothic: *𐍅𐌴𐍂𐌾𐌰𐌽 (*wērjan)

⇒ Gothic: 𐍄𐌿𐌶𐍅𐌴𐍂𐌾𐌰𐌽 (tuzwērjan)

⇒ Gothic: 𐌿𐌽𐍅𐌴𐍂𐌾𐌰𐌽 (unwērjan)

From *wēraz (“true, reliable, friendly”) + *-janą.


underkuningaz

underkuningaz (nominative singular)
underkuningōz (nominative plural)
underkuningōs (nominative plural)
underkuning (singular vocative)
underkuningōz (plural vocative)
underkuningōs (plural vocative)
underkuningą (accusative singular)
underkuninganz (accusative plural)
underkuningas (genitive singular)
underkuningis (genitive singular)
underkuningǫ̂ (genitive plural)
underkuningai (dative singular)
underkuningamaz (dative plural)
underkuningō (instrumental singular)
underkuningamiz (instrumental plural)

Proto-West Germanic: *underkuning

Old English: undercyning, undercing

Middle English: underking

English: underking

desc

Old Frisian: *underkoning, *onderkening, *onderkining

West Frisian: ûnderkening

Old Saxon: *undarkuning

Middle Low German: underkȫninc

German Low German: Unnerkönig

Old Dutch: *undarkuning

Middle Dutch: onderconinc

Dutch: onderkoning

Old High German: *untarkuning

Middle High German: underkünic, underkünec, unterkünic, underkuonic

German: Unterkönig

Old Norse: undirkonungr

Icelandic: undirkonungur

Swedish: underkung

Danish: underkonge


hailasamaz

*hailasamaz (a-stem)

hailasamaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
hailasamai (masculine nominative plural strong)
hailasamō (feminine nominative singular strong)
hailasamôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
hailasamą (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
hailasamō (neuter nominative plural strong)
hailasamanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
hailasamanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
hailasamǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
hailasamōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
hailasamą (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
hailasamō (accusative neuter plural strong)
hailasamas (genitive masculine singular strong)
-is (genitive masculine singular strong)
hailasamaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
hailasamaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
hailasamaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
hailasamas (genitive neuter singular strong)
-is (genitive neuter singular strong)
hailasamaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
hailasamammai (dative masculine singular strong)
hailasamaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
hailasamaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
hailasamaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
hailasamammai (dative neuter singular strong)
hailasamaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
hailasamanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
hailasamaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
hailasamaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
hailasamaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
hailasamanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
hailasamaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
hailasamô (masculine nominative singular weak)
hailasamaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
hailasamǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
hailasamōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
hailasamô (neuter nominative singular weak)
hailasamōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
hailasamanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
hailasamanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
hailasamōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
hailasamōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
hailasamô (accusative neuter singular weak)
hailasamōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
hailasaminiz (genitive masculine singular weak)
hailasamanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
hailasamōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
hailasamōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
hailasaminiz (genitive neuter singular weak)
hailasamanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
hailasamini (dative masculine singular weak)
hailasamammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
hailasamōni (dative feminine singular weak)
hailasamōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
hailasamini (dative neuter singular weak)
hailasamammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
hailasaminē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
hailasamammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
hailasamōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
hailasamōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
hailasaminē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
hailasamammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *hailasam, *hailisam
Old English: *hālsum, *hǣlsum
Middle English: holsom, hoolsom, holsome, halesome, hoolsome
English: holesome, wholesome
Scots: halsum, hailsome
Old Frisian: *hālsum
Saterland Frisian: heelsoam
West Frisian: heilsum
⇒ Old Frisian: bihālsum
Old Saxon: hēlsam
Middle Low German: hêlsam, heilsam
German Low German: heelsaam
Old Dutch: *heilsam
Middle Dutch: heilsam, heilsom
Dutch: heelzaam, heilzaam
Old High German: heilsam, heilisam
Middle High German: heilsam
German: heilsam

Old Norse: heilsamr

Icelandic: heilsamur

Old Danish: helsam, helsom


fēlaz

*fēlaz (a-stem)

fēlaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
fēlai (masculine nominative plural strong)
fēlō (feminine nominative singular strong)
fēlôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
fēlą (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
fēlō (neuter nominative plural strong)
fēlanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
fēlanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
fēlǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
fēlōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
fēlą (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
fēlō (accusative neuter plural strong)
fēlas (genitive masculine singular strong)
-is (genitive masculine singular strong)
fēlaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
fēlaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
fēlaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
fēlas (genitive neuter singular strong)
-is (genitive neuter singular strong)
fēlaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
fēlammai (dative masculine singular strong)
fēlaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
fēlaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
fēlaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
fēlammai (dative neuter singular strong)
fēlaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
fēlanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
fēlaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
fēlaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
fēlaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
fēlanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
fēlaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
fēlô (masculine nominative singular weak)
fēlaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
fēlǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
fēlōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
fēlô (neuter nominative singular weak)
fēlōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
fēlanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
fēlanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
fēlōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
fēlōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
fēlô (accusative neuter singular weak)
fēlōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
fēliniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
fēlanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
fēlōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
fēlōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
fēliniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
fēlanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
fēlini (dative masculine singular weak)
fēlammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
fēlōni (dative feminine singular weak)
fēlōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
fēlini (dative neuter singular weak)
fēlammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
fēlinē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
fēlammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
fēlōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
fēlōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
fēlinē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
fēlammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

Proto-West Germanic: *fāl

⇒ Proto-West Germanic: *fāland

Old Saxon: *fāland

desc

Middle Low German: vālant, vōlant (“a devil”)

Old Dutch: *fālant

Middle Dutch: valant

⇒ Middle Dutch: valande (“a female devil”)

Old High German: fālant

Middle High German: vālant, vōlant, feiland

German: Valand, Voland, Faland

⇒ Proto-West Germanic: *fālandini

Old Saxon: *fālandin, *fālandina

Middle Low German: vālentin, valentinne (“a female devil”)

Old High German: *fālantin, *fālantina

Middle High German: vālantīn, vālantinne

⇒ Old Norse: fála (“troll-woman; axe (heiti)”)

q

second sense influenced by <i class="Latn mention" lang="is">fælinn</i>?

Icelandic: fála (“adulterous woman; a shy sheep”) (second sense influenced by fælinn?)

desc

⇒ Proto-Germanic: *fēlijaną (“to frighten, terrify”)

Old Norse: fæla (“to frighten away”)

Icelandic: fæla

Norwegian: fæle (“to be or become afraid”)

⇒ Old Norse: fælinn (“scared, timid, shy”)

Icelandic: fælinn

⇒ Icelandic: fælni (“shyness (of horses); phobia”)

Norwegian: fælen

q

⇒ Danish: fæl (derived like gal from galinn; or from Old Norse fælt (adverb))

⇒ Norwegian: fæl

Pokorny connects Old Norse fæla to Ancient Greek πάλλω (pállō) (see Proto-Indo-European *pel- (“to beat, push, drive”), Rix reconstructs *pelh₁-) and to Proto-Slavic *polšiti (“to scare”). He further suggests a link with Old Norse falma (“to grope, feel; to be astonished”) and Proto-West Germanic *fōlijan (“to feel”).
Likely related to Gothic 𐌿𐍃𐍆𐌹𐌻𐌼𐌴𐌹 (usfilmei, “fright, horror”) and Old Norse felmtr (“alarm, fear”) (both from *felmaz (“fright”)).
De Vries notes the similarity of some Uralic forms, see Proto-Uralic *pele- (“to fear”).

ref

LIV

Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*pelh₁-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, pages 469-470

m+

Helmut Rix
Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben
heiti


murhō

murhō (nominative singular)
murhôz (nominative plural)
murhō (singular vocative)
murhôz (plural vocative)
murhǭ (accusative singular)
murhōz (accusative plural)
murhōz (genitive singular)
murhǫ̂ (genitive plural)
murhōi (dative singular)
murhōmaz (dative plural)
murhō (instrumental singular)
murhōmiz (instrumental plural)

Proto-West Germanic: *murhu

Old English: moru

gl

merged with descendant of Old English <i class="Latn mention" lang="ang">more</i>

Middle English: more (merged with descendant of Old English more)

English: more

desc

Old Saxon: morha, moraha f (strong decl)

Middle Low German: more, möre

Old High German: *morha, *moraha f (strong decl)

Middle High German: morch, morche, morhe, more, mauroch

German: Morche, Möhre


hūsalausaz

hūsalausaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
hūsalausai (masculine nominative plural strong)
hūsalausō (feminine nominative singular strong)
hūsalausôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
hūsalausą (neuter nominative singular strong)
-at (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
hūsalausō (neuter nominative plural strong)
hūsalausanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
hūsalausanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
hūsalausǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
hūsalausōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
hūsalausą (accusative neuter singular strong)
-at (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
hūsalausō (accusative neuter plural strong)
hūsalausas (genitive masculine singular strong)
hūsalausis (genitive masculine singular strong)
hūsalausaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
hūsalausaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
hūsalausaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
hūsalausas (genitive neuter singular strong)
hūsalausis (genitive neuter singular strong)
hūsalausaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
hūsalausammai (dative masculine singular strong)
hūsalausaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
hūsalausaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
hūsalausaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
hūsalausammai (dative neuter singular strong)
hūsalausaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
hūsalausanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
hūsalausaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
hūsalausaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
hūsalausaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
hūsalausanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
hūsalausaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
hūsalausô (masculine nominative singular weak)
hūsalausaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
hūsalausǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
hūsalausōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
hūsalausô (neuter nominative singular weak)
hūsalausōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
hūsalausanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
hūsalausanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
hūsalausōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
hūsalausōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
hūsalausô (accusative neuter singular weak)
hūsalausōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
hūsalausiniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
hūsalausanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
hūsalausōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
hūsalausōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
hūsalausiniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
hūsalausanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
hūsalausini (dative masculine singular weak)
hūsalausammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
hūsalausōni (dative feminine singular weak)
hūsalausōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
hūsalausini (dative neuter singular weak)
hūsalausammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
hūsalausinē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
hūsalausammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
hūsalausōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
hūsalausōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
hūsalausinē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
hūsalausammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

Proto-West Germanic: *hūsalaus, *hūslaus

Old English: *hūslēas

Middle English: housles, houseles

English: houseless

Old Frisian: hūslās

West Frisian: húsleas

Old Dutch: *hūslōs

Middle Dutch: huseloos, huusloos, huyseloos

Dutch: huisloos

Old High German: *hūsalōs, *hūslōs

Middle High German: hūselōs, hūslōs

German: hauslos

Old Norse: húslauss

Icelandic: húslaus

Norwegian: husløs

Swedish: huslös

Danish: husløs


swōtimô

swōtimô (nominative singular)
swōtimaniz (nominative plural)
swōtimô (singular vocative)
swōtimaniz (plural vocative)
swōtimanų (accusative singular)
swōtimanunz (accusative plural)
swōtiminiz (genitive singular)
swōtimanǫ̂ (genitive plural)
swōtimini (dative singular)
swōtimammaz (dative plural)
swōtiminē (instrumental singular)
swōtimammiz (instrumental plural)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *swōtimō
Old Frisian: swētma
West Frisian: swietme

Old East Norse: *sœtmi, *sǿtmi

Old Danish: søtmæ

Danish: sødme

→ Norwegian Bokmål: sødme

Old Swedish: søtme

desc

from the Old Swedish oblique <i class="Latn mention" lang="gmq-osw">søtma</i>

Swedish: sötma (from the Old Swedish oblique søtma)

From *swōtijaną (“to sweeten”) + *-mô; compare Sanskrit स्वाद्मन् (svādman, “sweetness”).


andagaldijaną

andagaldijō (active first-person indicative singular)
andagaldijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
andagaldijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
andagaldīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
andagaldijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
andagaldī (active imperative second-person singular)
andagaldijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
andagaldijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
andagaldīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
andagaldijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
andagaldijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
andagaldijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
andagaldijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
andagaldijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
andagaldijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
andagaldijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
andagaldijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
andagaldijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
andagaldijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
andagaldijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
andagaldijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
andagaldijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
andagaldīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
andagaldijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
andagaldīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
andagaldijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
andagaldijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
andagaldijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
andagaldijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
andagaldijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
andagaldijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
andagaldijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
andagaldidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
andagaldidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
andagaldidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
andagaldidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
andagaldidē (active indicative singular third-person)
andagaldidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
andagaldidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
andagaldidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
andagaldidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
andagaldidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
andagaldidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
andagaldidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
andagaldidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
andagaldidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
andagaldidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
andagaldidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
andagaldijandz (active participle present)
andagaldidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *andagaldijan
Old Saxon: andgeldian
Old High German: intgelten

From *andageldaną (“to pay for, repay”) + *-janą.


-mô

-mô (nominative singular)
-maniz (nominative plural)
-mô (singular vocative)
-maniz (plural vocative)
-manų (accusative singular)
-manunz (accusative plural)
-miniz (genitive singular)
-manǫ̂ (genitive plural)
-mini (dative singular)
-mammaz (dative plural)
-minē (instrumental singular)
-mammiz (instrumental plural)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *-mō
Old Frisian: -ma
West Frisian: -me, -tme (literary)
Old Saxon: -mo
Old High German: -mo, -amo, -emo

Old East Norse: -mi

Old Danish: -mæ

Danish: -me (not productive)

Old Swedish: -me

Swedish: -ma (not productive)

Gothic: -𐌼𐌰 (-ma, in 𐌰𐌷𐌼𐌰 (ahma))

From a conflation of Proto-Indo-European *-mō and *-mn̥.

(rare) -ness. Forms abstract nouns from verbs, denoting a quality, state, or instrument.


hrabô

hrabô (nominative singular)
hrabaniz (nominative plural)
hrabô (singular vocative)
hrabaniz (plural vocative)
hrabanų (accusative singular)
hrabanunz (accusative plural)
hrabiniz (genitive singular)
hrabanǫ̂ (genitive plural)
hrabini (dative singular)
hrabammaz (dative plural)
hrabinē (instrumental singular)
hrabammiz (instrumental plural)

Proto-West Germanic: *hrabn, *hrabō
Old English: hræfn, hrefn, hræmn, hrem, hremn, hræfen
Middle English: raven, reven, revin
English: raven
Scots: ravin, revin, rawin
Old Frisian: ravan
Saterland Frisian: Roave (possibly from Middle Low German)
West Frisian: raven
Old Saxon: hravan, hraƀan, ravan
Middle Low German: rāven, rāve, rāvene, rāmme
German Low German: Raav, Roov
Westphalian:
Ravensbergisch: Räwe
Lippisch: Rabe
Westmünsterländisch: Raawe, Raabe
Plautdietsch: Rowen
Old Dutch: ravan
Middle Dutch: rāven
Dutch: raaf
Old High German: raban, hraban, hram, ram, rabo, rappo
Middle High German: raben, ram; rabe, rab, rappe, rapp; rauen (plural; Niederrheinisch)
Alemannic German: Rapp
Central Franconian:
Hunsrik: Raab, Raaf
Luxembourgish: Ramm
German: Rabe
Rhine Franconian: Rab, Ramm, Rapp
Frankfurterisch: [ʀɑːp]
Yiddish: ראָב (rob)

Proto-Norse: ᚺᚨᚱᚨᛒᚨᚾᚨᛉ (harabanaʀ)
Old Norse: hrafn, hramn
Icelandic: hrafn
Faroese: ravnur
Norwegian Nynorsk: ramn, (dialectal) rabn, rabm, ravn
Old Swedish: ramn, rampn, rafn
Swedish: ramn, ramm (dialectal)
Old Danish: rafn
Danish: ravn
Norwegian Bokmål: ravn

Possibly from a root Proto-Indo-European *ḱer-, whence also Latin corvus, Proto-Balto-Slavic *śárˀkāˀ.


unswōtuz

unswōtuz (masculine nominative singular strong)
unswōtijai (masculine nominative plural strong)
unswōtī (feminine nominative singular strong)
unswōtijôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
unswōtų (neuter nominative singular strong)
-jatō (neuter nominative singular strong)
unswōtijō (neuter nominative plural strong)
unswōtijanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
unswōtijanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
unswōtijǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
unswōtijōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
unswōtų (accusative neuter singular strong)
-jatō (accusative neuter singular strong)
unswōtijō (accusative neuter plural strong)
unswōtijas (genitive masculine singular strong)
unswōtīs (genitive masculine singular strong)
unswōtijaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
unswōtijaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
unswōtijaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
unswōtijas (genitive neuter singular strong)
unswōtīs (genitive neuter singular strong)
unswōtijaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
unswōtijammai (dative masculine singular strong)
unswōtijaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
unswōtijaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
unswōtijaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
unswōtijammai (dative neuter singular strong)
unswōtijaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
unswōtijanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
unswōtijaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
unswōtijaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
unswōtijaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
unswōtijanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
unswōtijaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
unswōtijô (masculine nominative singular weak)
unswōtijaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
unswōtijǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
unswōtijōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
unswōtijô (neuter nominative singular weak)
unswōtijōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
unswōtijanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
unswōtijanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
unswōtijōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
unswōtijōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
unswōtijô (accusative neuter singular weak)
unswōtijōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
unswōtīniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
unswōtijanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
unswōtijōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
unswōtijōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
unswōtīniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
unswōtijanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
unswōtīni (dative masculine singular weak)
unswōtijammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
unswōtijōni (dative feminine singular weak)
unswōtijōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
unswōtīni (dative neuter singular weak)
unswōtijammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
unswōtīnē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
unswōtijammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
unswōtijōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
unswōtijōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
unswōtīnē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
unswōtijammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

Proto-West Germanic: *unswōtī

Old English: unswēte

Middle English: unswete

English: unsweet

Old Frisian: *unswēte

Saterland Frisian: uunswäit

West Frisian: ûnswiet

Old Saxon: unswōti

Middle Low German: unsö̂te

German Low German: unsööt

Old Dutch: unsuoti

Middle Dutch: onsoete

Dutch: onzoet

Old High German: unsuozi

desc

Middle High German: unsuoze, unsūze, unsüeze

German: unsüß

Old Norse: *úsœtr

Icelandic: ósæt

Norwegian: usøt

Swedish: osöt

Danish: usød


matją

matją (nominative singular)
matjō (nominative plural)
matją (singular vocative)
matjō (plural vocative)
matją (accusative singular)
matjō (accusative plural)
matjas (genitive singular)
matis (genitive singular)
matjǫ̂ (genitive plural)
matjai (dative singular)
matjamaz (dative plural)
matjō (instrumental singular)
matjamiz (instrumental plural)

Old Saxon: *metti

Middle Low German: met

German Low German: Mett

→ German: Mett

An ablaut variant of the root *mēs-, mōs, from Proto-Indo-European *meh₂d- (“to drip, ooze; grease, fat”). Compare *matiz.


þawwaz

þawwaz (nominative singular)
þawwōz (nominative plural)
þawwōs (nominative plural)
þaww (singular vocative)
þawwōz (plural vocative)
þawwōs (plural vocative)
þawwą (accusative singular)
þawwanz (accusative plural)
þawwas (genitive singular)
þawwis (genitive singular)
þawwǫ̂ (genitive plural)
þawwai (dative singular)
þawwamaz (dative plural)
þawwō (instrumental singular)
þawwamiz (instrumental plural)

Proto-West Germanic: *þauw

Old English: þēaw

Middle English: þew, thew

English: thew, thews

Scots: thewis

Old Frisian: thāw, thāu

Old Saxon: thau

Old High German: dou

Uncertain. Possibly from Proto-Indo-European *(s)teh₂- (“to stand, place”).


mōijǭ

mōijǭ (nominative singular)
mōijōniz (nominative plural)
mōijǭ (singular vocative)
mōijōniz (plural vocative)
mōijōnų (accusative singular)
mōijōnunz (accusative plural)
mōijōniz (genitive singular)
mōijōnǫ̂ (genitive plural)
mōijōni (dative singular)
mōijōmaz (dative plural)
mōijōnē (instrumental singular)
mōijōmiz (instrumental plural)

Proto-West Germanic: *mōijā

Old Frisian: mōie

Saterland Frisian: Möie

⇒ West Frisian: muoike

Old Saxon: *mōja

desc

Middle Low German: mö̂ie, mö̂ye, moige, mö̂ge

German Low German: Möh

Old Dutch: *muoja, *mōja

Middle Dutch: muje, moye, moie

Dutch: moei

Old High German: *muoja, *mouwa

⇒ Old High German: holzmuoja, holzmouwa, holzmūwa

Middle High German: holzmuoje, holzmuowe

From *mō- (“mother”) + *-ijǭ (feminine diminutive ending).


hamōną

hamō (active first-person indicative singular)
hamǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
hamōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
hamōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
hamōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
hamō (active imperative second-person singular)
hamōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
hamōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
hamōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
hamō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
hamōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
hamōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
hamōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
hamōs (active dual first-person indicative)
hamōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
hamōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
hamōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
hamōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
hamōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
hamōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
hamōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
hamōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
hamōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
hamōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
hamōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
hamōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
hamōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
hamōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
hamōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
hamōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
hamōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
hamōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
hamōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
hamōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
hamōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
hamōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
hamōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
hamōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
hamōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
hamōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
hamōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
hamōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
hamōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
hamōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
hamōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
hamōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
hamōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
hamōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
hamōndz (active participle present)
hamōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *hamōn

Old Frisian: *hamia

desc

>? Old Frisian: *haminge, hamminge (“leathers, leather gear, leather clothing”)

Old Norse: *hama

⇒ Old Norse: hamask, hamast (“to cover oneself or dress in animal skins, take on the form and persona of an animal; go berserk, rage”, reflexive form)

Icelandic: hamast

Gothic: *𐌷𐌰𐌼𐍉𐌽 (*hamōn)


faimô

faimô (nominative singular)
faimōnō (nominative plural)
faimô (singular vocative)
faimōnō (plural vocative)
faimô (accusative singular)
faimōnō (accusative plural)
faiminiz (genitive singular)
faimanǫ̂ (genitive plural)
faimini (dative singular)
faimammaz (dative plural)
faiminē (instrumental singular)
faimammiz (instrumental plural)

Uncertain; suggested to be from Proto-Indo-European *póyH-mn̥ or *péHi-mn̥ (“suckling”), from Proto-Indo-European *peyH- (“milk; fat”) (whence Avestan 𐬞𐬀𐬉𐬨𐬀𐬥 (paēman, “mother's milk”), Proto-Germanic *faitaz (“fat”)), compare semantics of Proto-Slavic *děva (“maiden, virgin”), Latin fēmina (“woman”), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁(y)- (“to suckle milk”). Alternatively, cognate with Ancient Greek ποιμήν (poimḗn, “shepherd, herdsman”).


nainaz

nainaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
nainai (masculine nominative plural strong)
nainō (feminine nominative singular strong)
nainôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
nainą (neuter nominative singular strong)
-at (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
nainō (neuter nominative plural strong)
nainanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
nainanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
nainǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
nainōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
nainą (accusative neuter singular strong)
-at (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
nainō (accusative neuter plural strong)
nainas (genitive masculine singular strong)
nainis (genitive masculine singular strong)
nainaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
nainaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
nainaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
nainas (genitive neuter singular strong)
nainis (genitive neuter singular strong)
nainaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
nainammai (dative masculine singular strong)
nainaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
nainaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
nainaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
nainammai (dative neuter singular strong)
nainaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
nainanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
nainaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
nainaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
nainaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
nainanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
nainaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
nainô (masculine nominative singular weak)
nainaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
nainǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
nainōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
nainô (neuter nominative singular weak)
nainōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
nainanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
nainanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
nainōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
nainōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
nainô (accusative neuter singular weak)
nainōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
naininiz (genitive masculine singular weak)
nainanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
nainōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
nainōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
naininiz (genitive neuter singular weak)
nainanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
nainini (dative masculine singular weak)
nainammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
nainōni (dative feminine singular weak)
nainōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
nainini (dative neuter singular weak)
nainammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
naininē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
nainammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
nainōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
nainōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
naininē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
nainammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

Proto-West Germanic: *nain

Old English: nān, nǣn

desc

Middle English: nan, noan, non, noon, na, no

English: none, no

Scots: nan, nane, nain, na, nae

gl

merged with Old French <i class="Latn mention" lang="fro">non-</i> (“not”)

Middle English: non- (“none, no”, prefix) (merged with Old French non- (“not”))

English: non-

Scots: non-

Old Frisian: nān, nēn

Saterland Frisian: naan, neen

West Frisian: neen

Old Saxon: nian, neēn, nēn

Middle Low German: nên, nein

German Low German: neen, nee

Old Dutch: nēn

Middle Dutch: neen, nien, nein

Dutch: neen, nee

Old High German: nein

Middle High German: nein

German: nein, nee

Luxembourgish: neen, nee

Old Norse: neinn

Icelandic: neinn

(in the singular) zero, nought; none, no one, nothing


wītagōną

wītagō (active first-person indicative singular)
wītagǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
wītagōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
wītagōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
wītagōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
wītagō (active imperative second-person singular)
wītagōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
wītagōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
wītagōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
wītagō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
wītagōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
wītagōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
wītagōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
wītagōs (active dual first-person indicative)
wītagōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
wītagōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
wītagōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
wītagōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
wītagōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
wītagōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
wītagōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
wītagōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
wītagōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
wītagōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
wītagōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
wītagōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
wītagōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
wītagōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
wītagōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
wītagōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
wītagōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
wītagōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
wītagōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
wītagōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
wītagōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
wītagōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
wītagōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
wītagōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
wītagōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
wītagōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
wītagōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
wītagōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
wītagōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
wītagōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
wītagōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
wītagōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
wītagōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
wītagōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
wītagōndz (active participle present)
wītagōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *wītagōn
Old High German: *wīzagōn
Middle High German: wīzegen, wītzegen
German: weizigen

Old Norse: vítka

From *wītagaz (“blameable, reproachable”) + *-ōną.


sakōlausaz

sakōlausaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
sakōlausai (masculine nominative plural strong)
sakōlausō (feminine nominative singular strong)
sakōlausôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
sakōlausą (neuter nominative singular strong)
-at (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
sakōlausō (neuter nominative plural strong)
sakōlausanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
sakōlausanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
sakōlausǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
sakōlausōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
sakōlausą (accusative neuter singular strong)
-at (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
sakōlausō (accusative neuter plural strong)
sakōlausas (genitive masculine singular strong)
sakōlausis (genitive masculine singular strong)
sakōlausaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
sakōlausaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
sakōlausaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
sakōlausas (genitive neuter singular strong)
sakōlausis (genitive neuter singular strong)
sakōlausaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
sakōlausammai (dative masculine singular strong)
sakōlausaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
sakōlausaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
sakōlausaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
sakōlausammai (dative neuter singular strong)
sakōlausaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
sakōlausanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
sakōlausaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
sakōlausaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
sakōlausaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
sakōlausanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
sakōlausaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
sakōlausô (masculine nominative singular weak)
sakōlausaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
sakōlausǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
sakōlausōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
sakōlausô (neuter nominative singular weak)
sakōlausōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
sakōlausanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
sakōlausanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
sakōlausōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
sakōlausōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
sakōlausô (accusative neuter singular weak)
sakōlausōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
sakōlausiniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
sakōlausanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
sakōlausōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
sakōlausōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
sakōlausiniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
sakōlausanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
sakōlausini (dative masculine singular weak)
sakōlausammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
sakōlausōni (dative feminine singular weak)
sakōlausōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
sakōlausini (dative neuter singular weak)
sakōlausammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
sakōlausinē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
sakōlausammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
sakōlausōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
sakōlausōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
sakōlausinē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
sakōlausammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

desctree

Old English: saclēas, sacclēs
Middle English: sacless, sakles
English: sackless

Proto-Norse: *ᛊᚨᚲᚨᛚᚨᚢᛊᚨᛉ (*sakalausaʀ)

Old Norse: saklauss

Icelandic: saklaus

Old Swedish: saklø̄s

Swedish: saklös

Old Danish: saklø̄s, saglø̄s

Danish: sagesløs

Norwegian Bokmål: sakesløs

From *sakō (“quarrel, charge; case; lawsuit, thing; matter”) + *-lausaz.

suffix

free from charge or accusation, innocent; guiltless


hwatō

hwatō (nominative singular)
hwatôz (nominative plural)
hwatō (singular vocative)
hwatôz (plural vocative)
hwatǭ (accusative singular)
hwatōz (accusative plural)
hwatōz (genitive singular)
hwatǫ̂ (genitive plural)
hwatōi (dative singular)
hwatōmaz (dative plural)
hwatō (instrumental singular)
hwatōmiz (instrumental plural)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *hwatu
Old English: hwatu
Middle English: whate, ȝwate, quate, qwate, wate, what; hwate (Early Middle English)

Old Norse: hvǫt, hvꜹt, hvot
Icelandic: hvöt


marhwaz

marhwaz (nominative singular)
marhwōz (nominative plural)
marhwōs (nominative plural)
marhw (singular vocative)
marhwōz (plural vocative)
marhwōs (plural vocative)
marhwą (accusative singular)
marhwanz (accusative plural)
marhwas (genitive singular)
marhwis (genitive singular)
marhwǫ̂ (genitive plural)
marhwai (dative singular)
marhwamaz (dative plural)
marhwō (instrumental singular)
marhwamiz (instrumental plural)

Proto-West Germanic: *marhu
Old English: mearh, mærh, merg, mearg, meargh, mærc
Old Frisian: *march
North Frisian:
Fohr: marig
Helgoland: marri
Sylt: märig
Wangerooge Frisian: mûrû
West Frisian: marge (dialectal march, marich)

Proto-Norse: *ᛗᚨᚱᚺᚹᚨ- (*marhwa-)

Old Norse: mǫrr
Faroese: mørur
Icelandic: mör
Norwegian Bokmål: morr, mørr
Norwegian Nynorsk: mòr
→ Old Irish: mar
⇒ Middle Irish: maróc
Scottish Gaelic: marag
Irish: maróg

→ Proto-Samic: *mārfē (see there for further descendants)

A thematicisation of earlier *marhuz, from Proto-Indo-European *merk- (“to decay”).


brutjōną

brutjō (active first-person indicative singular)
brutjǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
brutjōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
brutjōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
brutjōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
brutjō (active imperative second-person singular)
brutjōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
brutjōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
brutjōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
brutjō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
brutjōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
brutjōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
brutjōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
brutjōs (active dual first-person indicative)
brutjōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
brutjōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
brutjōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
brutjōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
brutjōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
brutjōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
brutjōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
brutjōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
brutjōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
brutjōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
brutjōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
brutjōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
brutjōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
brutjōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
brutjōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
brutjōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
brutjōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
brutjōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
brutjōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
brutjōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
brutjōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
brutjōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
brutjōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
brutjōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
brutjōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
brutjōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
brutjōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
brutjōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
brutjōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
brutjōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
brutjōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
brutjōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
brutjōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
brutjōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
brutjōndz (active participle present)
brutjōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *bruttjōn
Old English: bryttian, bryttan

Old Norse: brytja

Likely from *brutjô (“distributor, donor, giver”) + *-ōną. Closely related to the strong verb *breutaną.


liþōną

liþō (active first-person indicative singular)
liþǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
liþōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
liþōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
liþōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
liþō (active imperative second-person singular)
liþōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
liþōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
liþōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
liþō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
liþōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
liþōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
liþōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
liþōs (active dual first-person indicative)
liþōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
liþōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
liþōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
liþōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
liþōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
liþōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
liþōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
liþōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
liþōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
liþōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
liþōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
liþōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
liþōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
liþōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
liþōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
liþōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
liþōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
liþōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
liþōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
liþōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
liþōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
liþōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
liþōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
liþōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
liþōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
liþōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
liþōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
liþōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
liþōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
liþōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
liþōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
liþōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
liþōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
liþōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
liþōndz (active participle present)
liþōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *liþōn
Old English: lioþian
Old Frisian: *lethia
⇒ Old Frisian: oflethinge
Old High German: lidōn
Middle High German: liden

Old Norse: liða

Likely from *liþuz (“joint, limb”) + *-ōną.


liþōną

Proto-West Germanic: *liþōn
Old English: liþian, lioþian
Old Saxon: lithōn

Old Norse: liða

Closely related to the strong verb *līþaną (“to go, pass”).


segnōną

segnō (active first-person indicative singular)
segnǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
segnōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
segnōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
segnōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
segnō (active imperative second-person singular)
segnōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
segnōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
segnōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
segnō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
segnōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
segnōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
segnōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
segnōs (active dual first-person indicative)
segnōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
segnōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
segnōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
segnōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
segnōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
segnōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
segnōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
segnōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
segnōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
segnōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
segnōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
segnōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
segnōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
segnōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
segnōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
segnōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
segnōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
segnōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
segnōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
segnōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
segnōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
segnōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
segnōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
segnōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
segnōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
segnōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
segnōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
segnōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
segnōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
segnōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
segnōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
segnōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
segnōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
segnōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
segnōndz (active participle present)
segnōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *segnōn
Old English: segnian, sēnian
Middle English: sainen, seinen, senen, sinen, signen
Scots: sain
English: sain
Old Frisian: seinia, sēnia
West Frisian: seinje, seingje, segenje
Old Saxon: segnon
Middle Low German: sēgenen, segenen
Old Dutch: seganon
Middle Dutch: sēgenen
Dutch: zegenen
Old High German: seganōn
Middle High German: segenen, seinen, seingenen
German: segnen

Old Norse: signa

Faroese: signa

desc

Norwegian Nynorsk: signa, signe (e- and split infinitives)

Norwegian Bokmål: signe


fiþulǭ

fiþulǭ (nominative singular)
fiþulōniz (nominative plural)
fiþulǭ (singular vocative)
fiþulōniz (plural vocative)
fiþulōnų (accusative singular)
fiþulōnunz (accusative plural)
fiþulōniz (genitive singular)
fiþulōnǫ̂ (genitive plural)
fiþulōni (dative singular)
fiþulōmaz (dative plural)
fiþulōnē (instrumental singular)
fiþulōmiz (instrumental plural)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *fiþulā
Old English: *fiþele
Middle English: fithele, fedele, fedle, fethele, ffythil, ffythele, fieþle, fithel, fiþele, fydell, phetele, phethele, viþele
English: fiddle (dialectal feddle)
→ Swahili: fidla
Scots: fiddle
Yola: videl
→ Irish: fidil
→ Scottish Gaelic: fìdheall
Old Frisian: *fithele, *fidele
Saterland Frisian: Fiedel
West Frisian: fidel, fitel
⇒ West Frisian: fiteltsje
Old Saxon: *fithala
Middle Low German: vedele, vēdele, veddele, viddele, veddel, viddel
German Low German: Fiedel
Plautdietsch: Fiddel
Old Dutch: *fithela
Middle Dutch: vedele, viedele, vedel
Dutch: vedel (archaic veel)
Old High German: fidala, fidula
Middle High German: videle, fidele, fidel
Central Franconian: Fedel, Fiddel
German: Fiedel, Fidel (see usage notes below)
→ Lower Sorbian: fidle
→ Polish: fidel
Rhine Franconian: Fidel
Pennsylvania German: Fiedel
Yiddish: פֿידל (fidl)
→? Late Latin: vitula, vidula (possibly) (see there for further descendants)

Old Norse: fiðla
Icelandic: fiðla
Norwegian Nynorsk: fidla, fela, fele
Old Swedish: fiþla
Swedish: fidla, fela, fejla
Danish: fidel, fedel, fele, fejle
Norwegian Bokmål: fele

Uncertain, but probably related to Late Latin vitula.


flagǭ

flagǭ (nominative singular)
flagōniz (nominative plural)
flagǭ (singular vocative)
flagōniz (plural vocative)
flagōnų (accusative singular)
flagōnunz (accusative plural)
flagōniz (genitive singular)
flagōnǫ̂ (genitive plural)
flagōni (dative singular)
flagōmaz (dative plural)
flagōnē (instrumental singular)
flagōmiz (instrumental plural)

Proto-West Germanic: *flagā
Old Frisian: *flage
Saterland Frisian: Floage
West Frisian: fleach
Old Saxon: *flaga
Middle Low German: flāge, vlāge
German Low German: Flage, Flaag
→ Middle High German: flāge, vlāge, phlāge
Old Dutch: *flaga
Middle Dutch: vlage, vlaghe, vlaech
Dutch: vlaag
→ Middle English: *flaugh (alternatively from Low German or Old Norse)
English: flaw
Scots: flaw

Old Norse: flaga

Icelandic: flaga

Old Swedish: flagha

Swedish: flaga

Norwegian: flage

Danish: flage

Derived from a lost verb *flahaną (“to beat, strike”), from Proto-Indo-European *pleh₂g-, *pleh₂k- (“to beat, strike”), from Proto-Indo-European *pel- (“to beat, push, drive”).


flakurōną

flakurō (active first-person indicative singular)
flakurǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
flakurōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
flakurōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
flakurōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
flakurō (active imperative second-person singular)
flakurōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
flakurōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
flakurōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
flakurō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
flakurōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
flakurōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
flakurōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
flakurōs (active dual first-person indicative)
flakurōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
flakurōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
flakurōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
flakurōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
flakurōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
flakurōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
flakurōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
flakurōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
flakurōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
flakurōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
flakurōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
flakurōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
flakurōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
flakurōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
flakurōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
flakurōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
flakurōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
flakurōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
flakurōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
flakurōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
flakurōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
flakurōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
flakurōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
flakurōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
flakurōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
flakurōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
flakurōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
flakurōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
flakurōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
flakurōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
flakurōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
flakurōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
flakurōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
flakurōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
flakurōndz (active participle present)
flakurōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desc

Proto-West Germanic: *flakurōn, *flakkurōn

Old English: *flacorian

Middle English: flakeren

English: flacker

Scots: flecker

Old Frisian: *flakeria

Saterland Frisian: flakkerje

West Frisian: flakkerje

Old Saxon: *flakarōn

Middle Low German: *vlakeren, *vlackeren

German Low German: flackern

Old Dutch: *flakkuron

Middle Dutch: vlackeren

Dutch: flakkeren

Old High German: *flakkarōn, *flackarōn

Middle High German: flackeren, vlackeren, vlackern

German: flackern

German: flacken

Old Norse: flǫkra

Icelandic: flökra, flögra

Faroese: flakra

Norwegian: flakre

Danish: flagre

From *flakuraz + *-ōną. Perhaps related to the origin of *flōkaną (“to strike, beat”).