gabbōną

gabbō (active first-person indicative singular)
gabbǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
gabbōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
gabbōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
gabbōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
gabbō (active imperative second-person singular)
gabbōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
gabbōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
gabbōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
gabbō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
gabbōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
gabbōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
gabbōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
gabbōs (active dual first-person indicative)
gabbōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
gabbōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
gabbōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
gabbōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
gabbōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
gabbōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
gabbōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
gabbōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
gabbōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
gabbōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
gabbōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
gabbōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
gabbōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
gabbōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
gabbōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
gabbōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
gabbōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
gabbōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
gabbōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
gabbōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
gabbōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
gabbōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
gabbōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
gabbōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
gabbōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
gabbōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
gabbōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
gabbōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
gabbōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
gabbōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
gabbōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
gabbōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
gabbōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
gabbōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
gabbōndz (active participle present)
gabbōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *gabbōn
Old English: *gabbian, gabban
Middle English: gabben
English: gab
⇒ English: gabble (possibly borrowed from Dutch)
Old Frisian: gabbia
⇒ Saterland Frisian: gabbelje
West Frisian: gabbje
Old Saxon: *gabbōn
Middle Low German: gabben
⇒ German Low German: gabbeln
Old Dutch: *gabbon
Middle Dutch: gabben
Dutch: gabben
→⇒ Swedish: begabba
⇒ Dutch: gabbelen
⇒ Dutch: ginnegappen, ginnegabben, ginnegaffen

Old Norse: gabba
Icelandic: gabba
→ Old French: gaber, gaiber, jaber
Middle French: gaber
French: gaber

/ˈɣɑb.bɔː.nɑ̃/

Kroonen reconstructs an iterative verb *gʰHbʰnéh₂- derived from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰeh₂- (“to gape, be wide open”), but only the variant with a geminate -bb- in the root is actually attested in the descendants.


gapōną

gapō (active first-person indicative singular)
gapǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
gapōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
gapōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
gapōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
gapō (active imperative second-person singular)
gapōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
gapōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
gapōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
gapō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
gapōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
gapōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
gapōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
gapōs (active dual first-person indicative)
gapōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
gapōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
gapōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
gapōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
gapōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
gapōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
gapōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
gapōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
gapōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
gapōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
gapōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
gapōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
gapōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
gapōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
gapōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
gapōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
gapōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
gapōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
gapōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
gapōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
gapōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
gapōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
gapōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
gapōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
gapōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
gapōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
gapōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
gapōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
gapōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
gapōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
gapōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
gapōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
gapōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
gapōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
gapōndz (active participle present)
gapōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *gapōn
Old English: *gapian
⇒ Old English: ofergapian
Middle English: gapen (Possibly from Old Norse)
English: gape
Old Frisian: *gapia
West Frisian: gapje
Old Saxon: *gapōn
Middle Low German: gapen
Old Dutch: gapon
Middle Dutch: gāpen
Dutch: gapen
Old High German: *gaffōn
Middle High German: gaffen
German: gaffen

Old Norse: gapa
→ Middle English: gapen
English: gape
Icelandic: gapa
Norwegian:
Norwegian Bokmål: gape
Norwegian Nynorsk: gapa, gape
Swedish: gapa

/ˈɣɑ.pɔː.nɑ̃/

From Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰeh₂- (“to gape, be wide open”), closely related to *gabbōną (“to joke, to mock”).


munāną

munō (active first-person indicative singular)
munaisi (active indicative second-person singular)
munai (active imperative second-person singular)
munāsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
munaiþi (active indicative singular third-person)
munāþau (active imperative singular third-person)
munāþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
munōs (active dual first-person indicative)
munāþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
munāþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
munāmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
munānþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
munaiþ (active indicative plural second-person)
munaiþ (active imperative plural second-person)
munānþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
munānþi (active indicative plural third-person)
munānþau (active imperative plural third-person)
munānþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
munadǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
munadēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
munadēz (active indicative second-person singular)
munadēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
munadē (active indicative singular third-person)
munadēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
munadēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
munadēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
munadēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
munadēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
munadēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
munadēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
munadēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
munadēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
munadēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
munadēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
munāndz (active participle present)
munadaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *munēn
Old English: mynian (with unexpected umlaut, possibly backformed to the noun)

Old Norse: muna (only the weak inflected forms)

Gothic: munān

From *munaną (“to think, consider”) + *-āną or *muniz (“mind, desire”) + *-āną.


furimunāną

furimunō (active first-person indicative singular)
furimunaisi (active indicative second-person singular)
furimunai (active imperative second-person singular)
furimunāsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
furimunaiþi (active indicative singular third-person)
furimunāþau (active imperative singular third-person)
furimunāþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
furimunōs (active dual first-person indicative)
furimunāþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
furimunāþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
furimunāmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
furimunānþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
furimunaiþ (active indicative plural second-person)
furimunaiþ (active imperative plural second-person)
furimunānþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
furimunānþi (active indicative plural third-person)
furimunānþau (active imperative plural third-person)
furimunānþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
furimunadǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
furimunadēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
furimunadēz (active indicative second-person singular)
furimunadēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
furimunadē (active indicative singular third-person)
furimunadēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
furimunadēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
furimunadēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
furimunadēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
furimunadēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
furimunadēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
furimunadēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
furimunadēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
furimunadēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
furimunadēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
furimunadēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
furimunāndz (active participle present)
furimunadaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *furimunēn
Old Dutch: *farmonon
Middle Dutch: vermōnen
Old High German: firmonēn

Old Norse: fyrmuna

Icelandic: fyrirmuna

From *furi- + *munāną (“to strive, to value”).


turnaną

turnō (active first-person indicative singular)
turnaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
turnōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
turnais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
turnō (active imperative second-person singular)
turnōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
turnai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
turnōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
turnōs (active dual first-person indicative)
turnaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
turnaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
turnaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
turnaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
turnamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
turnaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
turnaþ (active indicative plural second-person)
turnaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
turnaþ (active imperative plural second-person)
turnanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
turnain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
turnanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
turnōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
turnōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
turnōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
turnōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
turnōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
turnōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
turnōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
turnōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
turnōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
turnōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
turnōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
turnōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
turnōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
turnōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
turnōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
turnōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
turnandz (active participle present)
turnō (active first-person indicative singular)
turnaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
turnai (first-person indicative passive singular)
turnizi (active indicative second-person singular)
turnaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
turn (active imperative second-person singular)
turnazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
turnaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
turnidi (active indicative singular third-person)
turnai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
turnadau (active imperative singular third-person)
turnadai (indicative passive singular third-person)
turnaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
turnōz (active dual first-person indicative)
turnaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
turnadiz (active dual indicative second-person)
turnaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
turnadiz (active dual imperative second-person)
turnamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
turnaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
turnandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
turnaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
turnid (active indicative plural second-person)
turnaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
turnid (active imperative plural second-person)
turnandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
turnaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
turnandi (active indicative plural third-person)
turnain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
turnandau (active imperative plural third-person)
turnandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
turnaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
tarn (active first-person indicative singular)
turnį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
tarnt (active indicative second-person singular)
turnīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
tarn (active indicative singular third-person)
turnī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
turnū (active dual first-person indicative)
turnīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
turnudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
turnīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
turnum (active first-person indicative plural)
turnīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
turnud (active indicative plural second-person)
turnīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
turnun (active indicative plural third-person)
turnīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
turnandz (active participle present)
turnanaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *tornōn
Old Dutch: *tornon
Middle Dutch: tornen (conflated with the descendant of *trannijaną)
Dutch: tornen

Gothic: *𐍄𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌽𐌰𐌽 (*taurnan)

⇒ Gothic: 𐌰𐍆𐍄𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌽𐌰𐌽 (aftaurnan)

⇒ Gothic: 𐌳𐌹𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌽𐌰𐌽 (distaurnan)

⇒ Gothic: 𐌲𐌰𐍄𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌽𐌰𐌽 (gataurnan)

From Proto-Indo-European *dr̥-nh₂-tór, middle voice of neh₂-present Proto-Indo-European *dr̥-néh₂-ti, from *der- (“to tear apart, shatter”), whence also *teraną (“to tear”). Cognate with Sanskrit दृणाति (dṛṇā́ti, “to tear”).


timrōną

timrō (active first-person indicative singular)
timrǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
timrōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
timrōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
timrōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
timrō (active imperative second-person singular)
timrōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
timrōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
timrōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
timrō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
timrōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
timrōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
timrōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
timrōs (active dual first-person indicative)
timrōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
timrōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
timrōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
timrōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
timrōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
timrōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
timrōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
timrōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
timrōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
timrōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
timrōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
timrōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
timrōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
timrōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
timrōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
timrōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
timrōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
timrōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
timrōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
timrōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
timrōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
timrōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
timrōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
timrōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
timrōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
timrōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
timrōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
timrōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
timrōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
timrōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
timrōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
timrōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
timrōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
timrōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
timrōndz (active participle present)
timrōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *timrōn
Old English: timbrian
Middle English: timbren
English: timber
Old Frisian: timbria, timmeria
North Frisian: timmerjen
Old Saxon: timbrōn
Middle Low German: timberen, timmeren
Old High German: zimbarōn
Middle High German: zimbern
German: zimmern

Old Norse: timbra
Icelandic: timbra
Faroese: timbra
Old Swedish: timbra
Swedish: timra
Danish: tömre


hungrōną

hungrō (active first-person indicative singular)
hungrǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
hungrōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
hungrōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
hungrōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
hungrō (active imperative second-person singular)
hungrōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
hungrōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
hungrōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
hungrō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
hungrōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
hungrōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
hungrōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
hungrōs (active dual first-person indicative)
hungrōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
hungrōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
hungrōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
hungrōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
hungrōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
hungrōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
hungrōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
hungrōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
hungrōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
hungrōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
hungrōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
hungrōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
hungrōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
hungrōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
hungrōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
hungrōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
hungrōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
hungrōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
hungrōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
hungrōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
hungrōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
hungrōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
hungrōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
hungrōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
hungrōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
hungrōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
hungrōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
hungrōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
hungrōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
hungrōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
hungrōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
hungrōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
hungrōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
hungrōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
hungrōndz (active participle present)
hungrōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *hungrōn
Old English: *hungrian
Middle English: hungren (merged with descendants of *hungrijan)
Scots: hungir
English: hunger
Old Frisian: hungeria
West Frisian: hongerje
Old High German: hungarōn
Middle High German: hungeren
Cimbrian: hungaran
German: hungern

Old Norse: hungra

Icelandic: hungra

Swedish: hungra

(impersonal, with accusative) to be hungry, starve


slagōną

slagō (active first-person indicative singular)
slagǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
slagōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
slagōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
slagōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
slagō (active imperative second-person singular)
slagōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
slagōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
slagōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
slagō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
slagōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
slagōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
slagōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
slagōs (active dual first-person indicative)
slagōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
slagōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
slagōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
slagōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
slagōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
slagōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
slagōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
slagōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
slagōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
slagōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
slagōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
slagōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
slagōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
slagōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
slagōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
slagōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
slagōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
slagōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
slagōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
slagōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
slagōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
slagōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
slagōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
slagōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
slagōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
slagōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
slagōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
slagōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
slagōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
slagōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
slagōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
slagōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
slagōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
slagōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
slagōndz (active participle present)
slagōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *slagōn
Old Frisian: slagia
Old Saxon: *slagōn
Middle Low German: slāgen
Old Dutch: *slagon
⇒ Old Dutch: upslagon
Middle Dutch: slagen
Dutch: slagen
Old High German: slagōn
Middle High German: slagen
German: schlagen (conflated with descendant of *slahan)

Old Norse: slaga

Icelandic: slaga

From *slagą, *slagiz (“blow, strike”) + *-ōną.


bulōną

bulō (active first-person indicative singular)
bulǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
bulōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
bulōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
bulōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
bulō (active imperative second-person singular)
bulōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
bulōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
bulōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
bulō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
bulōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
bulōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
bulōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
bulōs (active dual first-person indicative)
bulōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
bulōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
bulōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
bulōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
bulōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
bulōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
bulōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
bulōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
bulōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
bulōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
bulōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
bulōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
bulōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
bulōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
bulōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
bulōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
bulōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
bulōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
bulōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
bulōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
bulōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
bulōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
bulōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
bulōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
bulōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
bulōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
bulōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
bulōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
bulōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
bulōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
bulōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
bulōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
bulōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
bulōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
bulōndz (active participle present)
bulōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *bolōn
Old Frisian: *bolia
West Frisian: bolje
Old Dutch:
Middle Dutch:
>? Dutch: bollen (the meaning "to roll, play with a ball" is dialectal, possbily backformed to bol)
Old High German: bolōn
Middle High German: bolen

Old Norse: bola

>? Faroese: bola

Icelandic: bola


lagōną

lagō (active first-person indicative singular)
lagǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
lagōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
lagōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
lagōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
lagō (active imperative second-person singular)
lagōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
lagōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
lagōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
lagō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
lagōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
lagōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
lagōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
lagōs (active dual first-person indicative)
lagōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
lagōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
lagōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
lagōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
lagōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
lagōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
lagōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
lagōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
lagōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
lagōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
lagōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
lagōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
lagōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
lagōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
lagōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
lagōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
lagōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
lagōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
lagōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
lagōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
lagōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
lagōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
lagōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
lagōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
lagōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
lagōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
lagōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
lagōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
lagōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
lagōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
lagōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
lagōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
lagōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
lagōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
lagōndz (active participle present)
lagōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *lagōn
Old English: lagian
Old Frisian: lagia

Old Norse: laga
Danish: lave
Faroese: laga
Icelandic: laga
Norwegian Nynorsk: laga, lage
Norwegian Bokmål: lage
Swedish: laga

/ˈlɑ.ɣɔː.nɑ̃/

From Proto-Indo-European *legʰ- (“to lie”). Possibly derived from *lagą (“law, situation, shape”) + *-ōną.


spurōną

spurō (active first-person indicative singular)
spurǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
spurōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
spurōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
spurōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
spurō (active imperative second-person singular)
spurōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
spurōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
spurōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
spurō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
spurōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
spurōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
spurōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
spurōs (active dual first-person indicative)
spurōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
spurōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
spurōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
spurōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
spurōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
spurōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
spurōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
spurōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
spurōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
spurōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
spurōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
spurōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
spurōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
spurōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
spurōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
spurōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
spurōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
spurōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
spurōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
spurōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
spurōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
spurōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
spurōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
spurōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
spurōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
spurōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
spurōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
spurōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
spurōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
spurōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
spurōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
spurōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
spurōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
spurōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
spurōndz (active participle present)
spurōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *sporōn
Old Frisian: *sporia
West Frisian: spoarje, spoare
Old Saxon: *sporōn
Middle Low German: spōren
Old Dutch: *sporon
Middle Dutch: spōren
Dutch: sporen

Old Norse: spora

Danish: spore

Faroese: spora

Icelandic: spora

Norwegian:

Norwegian Bokmål: spore

Norwegian Nynorsk: spore, spora

Swedish: spåra


spurōną

Proto-West Germanic: *sporōn

Old English: *sporian

Middle English: sporen, spuren, spurren, spore, spurie, sporie
English: spur
Scots: spur

Old Dutch: *sporon

Middle Dutch: spōren

Dutch: sporen

Old High German: sporōn

Middle High German: sporen

Old Norse: spora

Danish: spore


bukkōną

bukkō (active first-person indicative singular)
bukkǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
bukkōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
bukkōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
bukkōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
bukkō (active imperative second-person singular)
bukkōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
bukkōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
bukkōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
bukkō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
bukkōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
bukkōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
bukkōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
bukkōs (active dual first-person indicative)
bukkōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
bukkōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
bukkōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
bukkōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
bukkōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
bukkōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
bukkōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
bukkōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
bukkōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
bukkōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
bukkōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
bukkōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
bukkōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
bukkōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
bukkōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
bukkōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
bukkōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
bukkōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
bukkōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
bukkōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
bukkōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
bukkōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
bukkōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
bukkōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
bukkōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
bukkōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
bukkōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
bukkōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
bukkōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
bukkōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
bukkōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
bukkōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
bukkōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
bukkōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
bukkōndz (active participle present)
bukkōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *bukkōn
Old Frisian: bukkia
Old Saxon: *bukkōn
Middle Low German: bucken, bocken
→ Danish: bukke
Old Dutch: *bokkon
Middle Dutch: bocken
Dutch: bukken (merged with the descendant of *bukkjan)
→ English: buck
Old High German: *bukkōn
Middle High German: bucken, bocken

Old Norse: buga, *boga, *bukka

Icelandic: buga

Faroese: buga, boga, bukka

Norwegian:

Norwegian Bokmål: bukke

Norwegian Nynorsk: bukke, buge, bukka, buga

Swedish: bocka

From earlier paradigm *bukkōþi ~ *bugunanþi, from pre-Proto-Germanic *bʰugʰ-nā́-ti ~ *bʰugʰ-un-ánti, iterative to *beuganą (“to bend, bow”).


maginōną

maginō (active first-person indicative singular)
maginǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
maginōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
maginōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
maginōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
maginō (active imperative second-person singular)
maginōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
maginōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
maginōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
maginō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
maginōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
maginōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
maginōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
maginōs (active dual first-person indicative)
maginōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
maginōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
maginōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
maginōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
maginōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
maginōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
maginōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
maginōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
maginōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
maginōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
maginōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
maginōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
maginōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
maginōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
maginōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
maginōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
maginōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
maginōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
maginōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
maginōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
maginōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
maginōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
maginōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
maginōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
maginōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
maginōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
maginōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
maginōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
maginōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
maginōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
maginōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
maginōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
maginōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
maginōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
maginōndz (active participle present)
maginōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *maginōn
Old English: mæġenian, mæġnian
⇒ Old English: ġemæġened
Old High German: *meginōn
⇒ Old High German: gimeginōn
⇒ Old High German: irmeginōn
⇒ Old High German: ubarmeginōn
Middle High German: übermegenen

Old Norse: megna

Icelandic: megna

Derived from *maginą (“ability, power, might, main”) + *-ōną.


maganōną

maganō (active first-person indicative singular)
maganǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
maganōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
maganōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
maganōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
maganō (active imperative second-person singular)
maganōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
maganōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
maganōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
maganō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
maganōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
maganōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
maganōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
maganōs (active dual first-person indicative)
maganōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
maganōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
maganōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
maganōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
maganōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
maganōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
maganōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
maganōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
maganōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
maganōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
maganōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
maganōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
maganōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
maganōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
maganōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
maganōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
maganōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
maganōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
maganōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
maganōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
maganōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
maganōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
maganōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
maganōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
maganōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
maganōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
maganōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
maganōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
maganōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
maganōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
maganōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
maganōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
maganōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
maganōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
maganōndz (active participle present)
maganōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *maganōn
Old English: *magnian
⇒ Old English: gemagnian
Old High German: *maganōn
⇒ Old High German: ubarmaganōn

Old Norse: magna

Icelandic: magna

/ˈmɑ.ɣɑ.nɔː.nɑ̃/

Derived from *maganą (“power, a variant of *maginą”) + *-ōną.

affix

power, a variant of <i class="Latn mention" lang="gem-pro">*maginą</i>


līkinōną

līkinō (active first-person indicative singular)
līkinǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
līkinōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
līkinōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
līkinōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
līkinō (active imperative second-person singular)
līkinōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
līkinōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
līkinōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
līkinō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
līkinōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
līkinōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
līkinōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
līkinōs (active dual first-person indicative)
līkinōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
līkinōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
līkinōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
līkinōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
līkinōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
līkinōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
līkinōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
līkinōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
līkinōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
līkinōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
līkinōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
līkinōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
līkinōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
līkinōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
līkinōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
līkinōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
līkinōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
līkinōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
līkinōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
līkinōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
līkinōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
līkinōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
līkinōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
līkinōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
līkinōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
līkinōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
līkinōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
līkinōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
līkinōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
līkinōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
līkinōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
līkinōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
līkinōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
līkinōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
līkinōndz (active participle present)
līkinōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *līkinōn
Old Frisian: līknia
Old Saxon: *līkinōn
Middle Low German: līkenen
Old High German: *līhhinōn
⇒ Old High German: gilīhhinōn

Old Norse: líkna

Icelandic: líkna

Faroese: líkna

Unclear, possibly from *līką (“body, shape”) + *-inōną or *līkinō (“mercy, recovery”) + *-ōną, or a merger of both. West Germanic only has the meaning "to compare", whereas Nordic also has the meanings "to show mercy" and "to care for".


dimmōną

dimmō (active first-person indicative singular)
dimmǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
dimmōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
dimmōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
dimmōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
dimmō (active imperative second-person singular)
dimmōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
dimmōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
dimmōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
dimmō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
dimmōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
dimmōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
dimmōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
dimmōs (active dual first-person indicative)
dimmōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
dimmōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
dimmōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
dimmōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
dimmōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
dimmōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
dimmōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
dimmōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
dimmōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
dimmōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
dimmōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
dimmōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
dimmōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
dimmōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
dimmōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
dimmōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
dimmōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
dimmōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
dimmōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
dimmōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
dimmōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
dimmōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
dimmōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
dimmōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
dimmōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
dimmōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
dimmōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
dimmōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
dimmōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
dimmōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
dimmōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
dimmōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
dimmōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
dimmōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
dimmōndz (active participle present)
dimmōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *dimmōn
Old English: dimmian
Middle English: dimmen
English: dim
→ Dutch: dimmen
→ German: dimmen
Scots: dim

Old Norse: dimma

Icelandic: dimma

Faroese: dimma

Norwegian:

Norwegian Bokmål: dimme

Norwegian Nynorsk: dimme, dimma


feturōną

feturō (active first-person indicative singular)
feturǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
feturōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
feturōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
feturōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
feturō (active imperative second-person singular)
feturōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
feturōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
feturōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
feturō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
feturōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
feturōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
feturōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
feturōs (active dual first-person indicative)
feturōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
feturōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
feturōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
feturōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
feturōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
feturōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
feturōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
feturōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
feturōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
feturōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
feturōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
feturōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
feturōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
feturōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
feturōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
feturōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
feturōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
feturōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
feturōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
feturōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
feturōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
feturōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
feturōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
feturōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
feturōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
feturōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
feturōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
feturōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
feturōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
feturōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
feturōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
feturōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
feturōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
feturōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
feturōndz (active participle present)
feturōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *feturōn
Old English: *feterian
⇒ Old English: gefeterian
Middle English: feteren
English: fetter
Old Frisian: fiteria
West Frisian: fiterje
Old Dutch: *feteron
Middle Dutch: vēteren
Dutch: veteren
Old High German: fezzarōn
Middle High German: fezzeren

Old Norse: fjǫtra

Icelandic: fjötra

Swedish: fjättra


sauzijaną

sauzijō (active first-person indicative singular)
sauzijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
sauzijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
sauzīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
sauzijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
sauzī (active imperative second-person singular)
sauzijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
sauzijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
sauzīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
sauzijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
sauzijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
sauzijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
sauzijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
sauzijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
sauzijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
sauzijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
sauzijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
sauzijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
sauzijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
sauzijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
sauzijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
sauzijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
sauzīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
sauzijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
sauzīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
sauzijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
sauzijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
sauzijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
sauzijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
sauzijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
sauzijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
sauzijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
sauzidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
sauzidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
sauzidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
sauzidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
sauzidē (active indicative singular third-person)
sauzidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
sauzidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
sauzidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
sauzidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
sauzidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
sauzidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
sauzidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
sauzidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
sauzidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
sauzidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
sauzidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
sauzijandz (active participle present)
sauzidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *sauʀijan
Old Saxon: *sōrian
Middle Low German: sȫren
Old Dutch: *sōren
Middle Dutch: sôren (merged with descendant of *sauʀēn)
Dutch: zoren (dialectal)

Old Norse: seyra (attested in the passive seyrask)

Icelandic: seyra

Norwegian Nynorsk: søyre, søyra

Surface derivation from *sauzaz (“dry”) + *-janą. May be formally cognate with Proto-Slavic *sušiti (“to make dry”) (Proto-Balto-Slavic *sáušīˀtei) and Sanskrit शोषयति (śoṣáyati, “to parch, make dry, cause to wither, sear”).


hlammōną

hlammō (active first-person indicative singular)
hlammǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
hlammōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
hlammōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
hlammōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
hlammō (active imperative second-person singular)
hlammōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
hlammōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
hlammōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
hlammō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
hlammōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
hlammōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
hlammōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
hlammōs (active dual first-person indicative)
hlammōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
hlammōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
hlammōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
hlammōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
hlammōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
hlammōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
hlammōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
hlammōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
hlammōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
hlammōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
hlammōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
hlammōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
hlammōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
hlammōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
hlammōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
hlammōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
hlammōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
hlammōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
hlammōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
hlammōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
hlammōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
hlammōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
hlammōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
hlammōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
hlammōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
hlammōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
hlammōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
hlammōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
hlammōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
hlammōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
hlammōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
hlammōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
hlammōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
hlammōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
hlammōndz (active participle present)
hlammōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *hlamōn
Old Saxon: hlamōn
Old High German: lamōn, hlamōn

Old Norse: hlamma

Icelandic: hlamma

An iterative formation to Proto-Indo-European *kelh₁- (“to sound”), closely related to the strong verb *hlimmaną.


druppōną

druppō (active first-person indicative singular)
druppǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
druppōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
druppōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
druppōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
druppō (active imperative second-person singular)
druppōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
druppōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
druppōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
druppō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
druppōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
druppōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
druppōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
druppōs (active dual first-person indicative)
druppōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
druppōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
druppōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
druppōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
druppōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
druppōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
druppōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
druppōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
druppōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
druppōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
druppōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
druppōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
druppōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
druppōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
druppōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
druppōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
druppōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
druppōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
druppōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
druppōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
druppōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
druppōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
druppōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
druppōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
druppōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
druppōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
druppōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
druppōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
druppōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
druppōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
druppōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
druppōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
druppōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
druppōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
druppōndz (active participle present)
druppōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *droppōn
Old English: droppian, dropian
Middle English: droppen
English: drop
Old Saxon: *dropōn
Middle Low German: drōpen
Old Dutch: droppon
Middle Dutch: droppen, *drubben, druppen (likely conflated with the descendant of *druppjan)
Dutch: druppen, drubben
Old High German: tropfōn
Middle High German: tropfen
German: tropfen

Old Norse: *droppa, *drubba

Norwegian:

Norwegian Nynorsk: drubba

Swedish: droppa

From earlier paradigm *druppōþi ~ *drubunanþi, from pre-Proto-Germanic *dʰrubʰ-nā́-ti ~ *dʰrubʰ-un-ánti, iterative from Proto-Indo-European *dʰrebʰ- (“to drop”). Cognate with Lithuanian dribti. Possibly conflated with a denominative construction *drupô (“drop of liquid”) + *-ōną.


þrammōną

þrammō (active first-person indicative singular)
þrammǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
þrammōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
þrammōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
þrammōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
þrammō (active imperative second-person singular)
þrammōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
þrammōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
þrammōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
þrammō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
þrammōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
þrammōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
þrammōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
þrammōs (active dual first-person indicative)
þrammōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
þrammōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
þrammōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
þrammōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
þrammōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
þrammōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
þrammōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
þrammōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
þrammōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
þrammōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
þrammōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
þrammōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
þrammōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
þrammōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
þrammōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
þrammōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
þrammōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
þrammōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
þrammōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
þrammōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
þrammōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
þrammōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
þrammōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
þrammōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
þrammōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
þrammōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
þrammōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
þrammōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
þrammōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
þrammōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
þrammōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
þrammōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
þrammōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
þrammōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
þrammōndz (active participle present)
þrammōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *þrammōn
Old Saxon: *þrammōn
Middle Low German: drammen
Old Dutch: *þrammon
Middle Dutch: drammen
Dutch: drammen

Old Norse: þramma

Icelandic: þramma

An o-grade iterative formation to Proto-Indo-European *trem- (“to tremble (in fear)”), closely related to the strong verb *þrimmaną.


gīslōną

gīslō (active first-person indicative singular)
gīslǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
gīslōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
gīslōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
gīslōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
gīslō (active imperative second-person singular)
gīslōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
gīslōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
gīslōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
gīslō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
gīslōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
gīslōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
gīslōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
gīslōs (active dual first-person indicative)
gīslōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
gīslōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
gīslōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
gīslōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
gīslōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
gīslōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
gīslōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
gīslōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
gīslōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
gīslōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
gīslōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
gīslōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
gīslōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
gīslōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
gīslōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
gīslōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
gīslōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
gīslōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
gīslōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
gīslōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
gīslōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
gīslōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
gīslōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
gīslōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
gīslōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
gīslōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
gīslōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
gīslōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
gīslōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
gīslōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
gīslōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
gīslōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
gīslōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
gīslōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
gīslōndz (active participle present)
gīslōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *gīslōn
Old English: gīslian
Middle English: gislen
Old Frisian: gīslia
West Frisian: gizelje
Old Saxon: *gīslōn
Middle Low German: gîselen, gîseln
Old Dutch: *gīslon
Middle Dutch: giselen
Dutch: gijzelen
Old High German: *gīslōn
Middle High German: gīselen, gīseln
German: geiseln

Old Norse: gísla


waldaz

waldaz (nominative singular)
waldōz (nominative plural)
waldōs (nominative plural)
wald (singular vocative)
waldōz (plural vocative)
waldōs (plural vocative)
waldą (accusative singular)
waldanz (accusative plural)
waldas (genitive singular)
waldis (genitive singular)
waldǫ̂ (genitive plural)
waldai (dative singular)
waldamaz (dative plural)
waldō (instrumental singular)
waldamiz (instrumental plural)

Proto-West Germanic: *wald (see there for further descendants)

Old Norse: valdr

Icelandic: valdur

Deverbal formations from the root of *waldaną (“to rule”).


waldaz

*waldaz (a-stem)

waldaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
waldai (masculine nominative plural strong)
waldō (feminine nominative singular strong)
waldôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
waldą (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
waldō (neuter nominative plural strong)
waldanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
waldanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
waldǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
waldōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
waldą (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
waldō (accusative neuter plural strong)
waldas (genitive masculine singular strong)
-is (genitive masculine singular strong)
waldaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
waldaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
waldaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
waldas (genitive neuter singular strong)
-is (genitive neuter singular strong)
waldaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
waldammai (dative masculine singular strong)
waldaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
waldaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
waldaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
waldammai (dative neuter singular strong)
waldaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
waldanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
waldaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
waldaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
waldaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
waldanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
waldaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
waldô (masculine nominative singular weak)
waldaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
waldǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
waldōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
waldô (neuter nominative singular weak)
waldōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
waldanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
waldanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
waldōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
waldōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
waldô (accusative neuter singular weak)
waldōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
waldiniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
waldanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
waldōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
waldōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
waldiniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
waldanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
waldini (dative masculine singular weak)
waldammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
waldōni (dative feminine singular weak)
waldōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
waldini (dative neuter singular weak)
waldammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
waldinē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
waldammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
waldōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
waldōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
waldinē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
waldammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

Proto-West Germanic: *wald
Old English: weald

Old Norse: valdr (“causing”)

Icelandic: valdur

gewalt

Proto-West Germanic: *gawald; Middle High German


gladōną

gladō (active first-person indicative singular)
gladǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
gladōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
gladōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
gladōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
gladō (active imperative second-person singular)
gladōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
gladōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
gladōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
gladō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
gladōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
gladōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
gladōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
gladōs (active dual first-person indicative)
gladōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
gladōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
gladōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
gladōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
gladōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
gladōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
gladōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
gladōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
gladōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
gladōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
gladōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
gladōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
gladōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
gladōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
gladōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
gladōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
gladōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
gladōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
gladōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
gladōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
gladōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
gladōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
gladōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
gladōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
gladōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
gladōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
gladōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
gladōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
gladōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
gladōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
gladōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
gladōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
gladōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
gladōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
gladōndz (active participle present)
gladōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *gladōn
Old English: gladian
Middle English: gladen
English: glad (archaic)
Old Frisian: *gledia
West Frisian: gledzje
Old Dutch: *gladon
Middle Dutch: *gladden
Dutch: gladden (backformed to the adjective)

Old Norse: glaða

Icelandic: glaða

/ˈɣlɑ.ðɔː.nɑ̃/

From *gladaz (“bright, smooth, cheerful”) + *-ōną.


bidōną

bidō (active first-person indicative singular)
bidǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
bidōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
bidōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
bidōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
bidō (active imperative second-person singular)
bidōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
bidōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
bidōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
bidō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
bidōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
bidōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
bidōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
bidōs (active dual first-person indicative)
bidōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
bidōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
bidōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
bidōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
bidōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
bidōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
bidōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
bidōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
bidōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
bidōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
bidōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
bidōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
bidōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
bidōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
bidōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
bidōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
bidōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
bidōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
bidōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
bidōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
bidōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
bidōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
bidōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
bidōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
bidōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
bidōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
bidōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
bidōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
bidōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
bidōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
bidōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
bidōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
bidōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
bidōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
bidōndz (active participle present)
bidōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *bidōn
Old English: bidian
Old Frisian: bidia
Old Saxon: bidōn

Old Norse: biða

Icelandic: biða


sumarōną

sumarō (active first-person indicative singular)
sumarǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
sumarōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
sumarōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
sumarōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
sumarō (active imperative second-person singular)
sumarōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
sumarōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
sumarōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
sumarō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
sumarōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
sumarōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
sumarōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
sumarōs (active dual first-person indicative)
sumarōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
sumarōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
sumarōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
sumarōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
sumarōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
sumarōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
sumarōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
sumarōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
sumarōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
sumarōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
sumarōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
sumarōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
sumarōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
sumarōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
sumarōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
sumarōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
sumarōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
sumarōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
sumarōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
sumarōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
sumarōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
sumarōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
sumarōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
sumarōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
sumarōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
sumarōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
sumarōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
sumarōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
sumarōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
sumarōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
sumarōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
sumarōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
sumarōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
sumarōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
sumarōndz (active participle present)
sumarōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *sumarōn
Old English: *sumerian
Middle English: someren
English: summer
Old Frisian: *sumria
West Frisian: simmerje
Old Saxon: *sumarōn
Middle Low German: sōmeren
Old Dutch: *sumaron
Middle Dutch: sōmeren
Dutch: zomeren
Old High German: *sumarōn
Middle High German: sumeren
German: sommern

Old Norse: sumra

Faroese: sumra

Icelandic: sumra


banjōną

banjō (active first-person indicative singular)
banjǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
banjōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
banjōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
banjōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
banjō (active imperative second-person singular)
banjōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
banjōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
banjōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
banjō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
banjōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
banjōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
banjōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
banjōs (active dual first-person indicative)
banjōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
banjōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
banjōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
banjōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
banjōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
banjōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
banjōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
banjōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
banjōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
banjōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
banjōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
banjōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
banjōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
banjōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
banjōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
banjōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
banjōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
banjōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
banjōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
banjōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
banjōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
banjōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
banjōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
banjōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
banjōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
banjōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
banjōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
banjōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
banjōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
banjōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
banjōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
banjōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
banjōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
banjōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
banjōndz (active participle present)
banjōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *bannjōn
Old English: bennian

Old Norse: benja

Icelandic: benja


blakrōną

blakrō (active first-person indicative singular)
blakrǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
blakrōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
blakrōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
blakrōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
blakrō (active imperative second-person singular)
blakrōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
blakrōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
blakrōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
blakrō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
blakrōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
blakrōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
blakrōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
blakrōs (active dual first-person indicative)
blakrōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
blakrōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
blakrōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
blakrōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
blakrōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
blakrōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
blakrōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
blakrōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
blakrōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
blakrōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
blakrōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
blakrōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
blakrōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
blakrōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
blakrōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
blakrōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
blakrōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
blakrōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
blakrōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
blakrōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
blakrōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
blakrōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
blakrōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
blakrōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
blakrōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
blakrōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
blakrōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
blakrōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
blakrōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
blakrōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
blakrōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
blakrōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
blakrōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
blakrōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
blakrōndz (active participle present)
blakrōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *blakkrōn
Old Frisian: *blakria
West Frisian: blakerje, bleakerje
Old Dutch: *blakaron
Middle Dutch: blākeren
Dutch: blakeren

Old Norse: blakra

Icelandic: blakra

Norwegian:

Norwegian Bokmål: blakre

Norwegian Nynorsk: blakre, blakra

Possibly a direct cognate with Latin flagrō (“I burn”). Equivalent to *blakōną (“to burn, to blacken”) + *-rōną (frequentative suffix).


swartijaną

swartijō (active first-person indicative singular)
swartijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
swartijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
swartīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
swartijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
swartī (active imperative second-person singular)
swartijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
swartijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
swartīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
swartijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
swartijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
swartijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
swartijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
swartijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
swartijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
swartijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
swartijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
swartijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
swartijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
swartijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
swartijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
swartijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
swartīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
swartijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
swartīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
swartijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
swartijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
swartijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
swartijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
swartijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
swartijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
swartijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
swartidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
swartidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
swartidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
swartidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
swartidē (active indicative singular third-person)
swartidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
swartidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
swartidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
swartidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
swartidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
swartidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
swartidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
swartidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
swartidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
swartidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
swartidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
swartijandz (active participle present)
swartidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *swartijan
Old Saxon: *swertian
Middle Low German: swerten
Old Dutch: *swerten
Middle Dutch: swerten, swarten (conflated with *swartōn and *swartēn)
Dutch: zwarten
Old High German: swerzen
Middle High German: swerzen
German: schwärzen

Old Norse: *sverta

Faroese: sverta

Icelandic: sverta

Norwegian:

Norwegian Bokmål: sverte

Norwegian Nynorsk: sverte, sverta

Swedish: svärta

Gothic: *𐍃𐍅𐌰𐍂𐍄𐌾𐌰𐌽 (*swartjan)

⇒ Gothic: 𐍃𐍅𐌰𐍂𐍄𐌹𐌶𐌻 (swartizl)


swandijaną

swandijō (active first-person indicative singular)
swandijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
swandijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
swandīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
swandijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
swandī (active imperative second-person singular)
swandijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
swandijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
swandīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
swandijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
swandijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
swandijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
swandijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
swandijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
swandijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
swandijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
swandijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
swandijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
swandijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
swandijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
swandijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
swandijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
swandīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
swandijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
swandīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
swandijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
swandijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
swandijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
swandijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
swandijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
swandijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
swandijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
swandidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
swandidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
swandidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
swandidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
swandidē (active indicative singular third-person)
swandidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
swandidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
swandidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
swandidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
swandidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
swandidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
swandidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
swandidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
swandidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
swandidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
swandidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
swandijandz (active participle present)
swandidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *swandijan
Old Saxon: *swendian
Middle Low German: swenden
Old Dutch: *swenden
Middle Dutch: swenden
Old High German: swenten
Middle High German: swenden
German: schwenden

From *swindaną (“to disappear”) + *-janą.


swankijaną

swankijō (active first-person indicative singular)
swankijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
swankijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
swankīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
swankijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
swankī (active imperative second-person singular)
swankijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
swankijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
swankīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
swankijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
swankijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
swankijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
swankijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
swankijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
swankijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
swankijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
swankijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
swankijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
swankijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
swankijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
swankijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
swankijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
swankīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
swankijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
swankīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
swankijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
swankijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
swankijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
swankijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
swankijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
swankijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
swankijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
swankidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
swankidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
swankidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
swankidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
swankidē (active indicative singular third-person)
swankidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
swankidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
swankidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
swankidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
swankidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
swankidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
swankidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
swankidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
swankidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
swankidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
swankidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
swankijandz (active participle present)
swankidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *swankijan
Old English: swenċan
Middle English: swenchen
>? Old Frisian: swensa (strong verb)
Old Saxon: *swenkian
Middle Low German: swenken
Low German: swenken
→ Saterland Frisian: swänkje
Old Dutch: *swenken
Middle Dutch: swenken
Dutch: zwenken
Old High German: swenken
Middle High German: swenken
German: schwenken


swarmijaną

swarmijō (active first-person indicative singular)
swarmijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
swarmijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
swarmīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
swarmijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
swarmī (active imperative second-person singular)
swarmijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
swarmijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
swarmīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
swarmijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
swarmijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
swarmijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
swarmijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
swarmijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
swarmijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
swarmijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
swarmijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
swarmijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
swarmijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
swarmijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
swarmijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
swarmijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
swarmīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
swarmijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
swarmīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
swarmijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
swarmijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
swarmijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
swarmijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
swarmijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
swarmijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
swarmijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
swarmidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
swarmidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
swarmidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
swarmidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
swarmidē (active indicative singular third-person)
swarmidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
swarmidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
swarmidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
swarmidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
swarmidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
swarmidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
swarmidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
swarmidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
swarmidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
swarmidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
swarmidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
swarmijandz (active participle present)
swarmidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *swarmijan
Old English: swierman
Middle English: swarmen, swermen, swarmyn
English: swarm
Scots: swairm
Old Saxon: *swermian
Middle Low German: swermen
Old Dutch: *swermen
Middle Dutch: swermen, swarmen
Dutch: zwermen
Old High German: swermen
Middle High German: swermen
German: schwärmen

Old Norse: *sverma

Icelandic: sverma

Norwegian:

Norwegian Bokmål: sverme

Norwegian Nynorsk: sverme, sverma

Swedish: svärma

Danish: sværme


apluz

apluz (nominative singular)
apliwiz (nominative plural)
aplu (singular vocative)
apliwiz (plural vocative)
aplų (accusative singular)
aplunz (accusative plural)
aplauz (genitive singular)
apliwǫ̂ (genitive plural)
apliwi (dative singular)
aplumaz (dative plural)
aplū (instrumental singular)
aplumiz (instrumental plural)

Proto-West Germanic: *applu, *apl
Old English: æppel, apl, appel, æppyl
Middle English: appel, apple, appyl, appyll, appil, appill, appell, eppel, appul, appull, appulle, eappel; æppel, æpple, eappel (Early Middle English)
English: apple (see there for further descendants)
Scots: aipple
Old Frisian: appel
North Frisian:
Föhr, Hallig: aapel
Helgoland: Oapel
Mooring: ååpel
Saterland Frisian: Appel, Apel
West Frisian: apel
Old Saxon: appel, appul, apl
Middle Low German: appel
German Low German: Appel
→ German: Appel (colloquial, regional)
Plautdietsch: Aupel
Old Dutch: *appel, ephela (pl.), apheles (gen.sg.)
Middle Dutch: appel, āpel
Dutch: appel (see there for further descendants)
Limburgish: appel
Old High German: apful, aphul, apfol, afful, *appul — central
Middle High German: apfel, epfel, öpfel, appel
Alemannic German: Öpfel, Apfel
Alsatian: Àpfel, Epfel
Italian Walser: effél, epfel, epfil, öpfil
Swabian: Ebfl
Bavarian: Åpfe
Cimbrian: oupfal, öpfel, öpfl
Mòcheno: epfl
Udinese: eipfele, epfl
Central Franconian: Appel
Hunsrik: Eppel
Luxembourgish: Apel
East Central German:
Upper Saxon German: Abbel, Appel
Vilamovian: epuł
East Franconian:
German: Apfel
Rhine Franconian:
Hessian: Àbbel, Ebbel, Abbel
Pennsylvania German: Abbel, Appel
Yiddish: עפּל (epl)

From Proto-Indo-European *h₂ébōl (“apple, apple tree”).

der

(West Germanic) Alternative form of *aplaz


baswǭ

baswǭ (nominative singular)
baswōniz (nominative plural)
baswǭ (singular vocative)
baswōniz (plural vocative)
baswōnų (accusative singular)
baswōnunz (accusative plural)
baswōniz (genitive singular)
baswōnǫ̂ (genitive plural)
baswōni (dative singular)
baswōmaz (dative plural)
baswōnē (instrumental singular)
baswōmiz (instrumental plural)

Proto-West Germanic: *baswā

Old High German: basa, pasa

Middle High German: base

German: Base

Alemannic German: Base

desc

⇒ Old High German: basūnsunu (“male cousin”)

Unknown. Perhaps originally *waswǭ, then altered to baswǭ under the influence of *baswô (“uncle”).

mōdrijā

*mōdrijǭ (“maternal aunt”); Proto-West Germanic

mōijā

*mōijǭ (“maternal aunt”); Proto-West Germanic

mōmā

*mōmǭ (“maternal aunt, nurse”); Proto-West Germanic


atgaizaz

atgaizaz (nominative singular)
atgaizōz (nominative plural)
atgaizōs (nominative plural)
atgaiz (singular vocative)
atgaizōz (plural vocative)
atgaizōs (plural vocative)
atgaizą (accusative singular)
atgaizanz (accusative plural)
atgaizas (genitive singular)
atgaizis (genitive singular)
atgaizǫ̂ (genitive plural)
atgaizai (dative singular)
atgaizamaz (dative plural)
atgaizō (instrumental singular)
atgaizamiz (instrumental plural)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *atgaiʀ
Old English: ætgār, ætegār, ategār m; ætgǣre, ætgēre n (< *atgaiʀī)
Middle English: hategar
→ English: atgar
Old Frisian: etgēr
Old High German: *atigēr, azgēr, azigēr
Middle High German: atigēr, azigēr

Proto-Norse: *ᚨᛏᚷᚨᛁᛉᚨᛉ (*atgaiʀaʀ)

Old Norse: atgeirr
Icelandic: atgeir
Norwegian:
Norwegian Bokmål: atgeir
Norwegian Nynorsk: atgeir


hērijǭ

hērijǭ (nominative singular)
hērijōniz (nominative plural)
hērijǭ (singular vocative)
hērijōniz (plural vocative)
hērijōnų (accusative singular)
hērijōnunz (accusative plural)
hērijōniz (genitive singular)
hērijōnǫ̂ (genitive plural)
hērijōni (dative singular)
hērijōmaz (dative plural)
hērijōnē (instrumental singular)
hērijōmiz (instrumental plural)

Proto-West Germanic: *hārijā
Old English: hǣre, hēre
Middle English: here
Old Saxon: hāria, hāra
Middle Low German: hâre
Old Dutch: hāra, hēra
Old High German: hāra, hārra
Middle High German: hare, hære
→ Old French: haire
Middle French: haire
French: haire

Old Norse: hæra

Icelandic: hæra