skēriz

skēriz (masculine nominative singular strong)
skērijai (masculine nominative plural strong)
skērī (feminine nominative singular strong)
skērijôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
skērį (neuter nominative singular strong)
-jatō (neuter nominative singular strong)
skērijō (neuter nominative plural strong)
skērijanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
skērijanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
skērijǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
skērijōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
skērį (accusative neuter singular strong)
-jatō (accusative neuter singular strong)
skērijō (accusative neuter plural strong)
skērijas (genitive masculine singular strong)
skērīs (genitive masculine singular strong)
skērijaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
skērijaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
skērijaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
skērijas (genitive neuter singular strong)
skērīs (genitive neuter singular strong)
skērijaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
skērijammai (dative masculine singular strong)
skērijaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
skērijaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
skērijaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
skērijammai (dative neuter singular strong)
skērijaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
skērijanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
skērijaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
skērijaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
skērijaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
skērijanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
skērijaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
skērijô (masculine nominative singular weak)
skērijaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
skērijǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
skērijōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
skērijô (neuter nominative singular weak)
skērijōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
skērijanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
skērijanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
skērijōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
skērijōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
skērijô (accusative neuter singular weak)
skērijōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
skērīniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
skērijanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
skērijōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
skērijōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
skērīniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
skērijanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
skērīni (dative masculine singular weak)
skērijammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
skērijōni (dative feminine singular weak)
skērijōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
skērīni (dative neuter singular weak)
skērijammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
skērīnē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
skērijammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
skērijōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
skērijōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
skērīnē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
skērijammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

Old English: *sċǣre, ǣsċǣre

Old Norse: *skærr (appears once in compound lýðskærir)

Icelandic: skær

Vṛddhi gerundive of *skeraną (“to shear, cut”).


brēkiz

brēkiz (masculine nominative singular strong)
brēkijai (masculine nominative plural strong)
brēkī (feminine nominative singular strong)
brēkijôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
brēkį (neuter nominative singular strong)
-jatō (neuter nominative singular strong)
brēkijō (neuter nominative plural strong)
brēkijanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
brēkijanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
brēkijǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
brēkijōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
brēkį (accusative neuter singular strong)
-jatō (accusative neuter singular strong)
brēkijō (accusative neuter plural strong)
brēkijas (genitive masculine singular strong)
brēkīs (genitive masculine singular strong)
brēkijaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
brēkijaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
brēkijaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
brēkijas (genitive neuter singular strong)
brēkīs (genitive neuter singular strong)
brēkijaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
brēkijammai (dative masculine singular strong)
brēkijaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
brēkijaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
brēkijaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
brēkijammai (dative neuter singular strong)
brēkijaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
brēkijanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
brēkijaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
brēkijaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
brēkijaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
brēkijanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
brēkijaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
brēkijô (masculine nominative singular weak)
brēkijaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
brēkijǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
brēkijōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
brēkijô (neuter nominative singular weak)
brēkijōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
brēkijanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
brēkijanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
brēkijōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
brēkijōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
brēkijô (accusative neuter singular weak)
brēkijōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
brēkīniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
brēkijanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
brēkijōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
brēkijōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
brēkīniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
brēkijanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
brēkīni (dative masculine singular weak)
brēkijammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
brēkijōni (dative feminine singular weak)
brēkijōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
brēkīni (dative neuter singular weak)
brēkijammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
brēkīnē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
brēkijammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
brēkijōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
brēkijōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
brēkīnē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
brēkijammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

Old English: *brǣċe, ǣbrǣċe

Old High German: *brāhhi (appears once in ungibrahhi)

desc

Middle High German: *breche, *bræche, vridebreche, vridebræche

Vṛddhi gerundive of *brekaną (“to break”).

vrd

pertaining to breaking, shattering, fracturing


treganą

tregō (active first-person indicative singular)
tregaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
tregai (first-person indicative passive singular)
trigizi (active indicative second-person singular)
tregaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
treg (active imperative second-person singular)
tregazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
tregaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
trigidi (active indicative singular third-person)
tregai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
tregadau (active imperative singular third-person)
tregadai (indicative passive singular third-person)
tregaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
tregōz (active dual first-person indicative)
tregaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
tregadiz (active dual indicative second-person)
tregaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
tregadiz (active dual imperative second-person)
tregamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
tregaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
tregandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
tregaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
trigid (active indicative plural second-person)
tregaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
trigid (active imperative plural second-person)
tregandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
tregaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
tregandi (active indicative plural third-person)
tregain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
tregandau (active imperative plural third-person)
tregandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
tregaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
trag (active first-person indicative singular)
trēgį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
traht (active indicative second-person singular)
trēgīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
trag (active indicative singular third-person)
trēgī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
trēgū (active dual first-person indicative)
trēgīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
trēgudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
trēgīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
trēgum (active first-person indicative plural)
trēgīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
trēgud (active indicative plural second-person)
trēgīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
trēgun (active indicative plural third-person)
trēgīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
tregandz (active participle present)
treganaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *tregan
Old English: treġian (weak verb)
Middle English: treyen
Old Saxon: tregan
Old Dutch: *tregon
Middle Dutch: tregen (weak verb)

Old Norse: trega (weak verb)

Icelandic: trega

Old Swedish: trægha
Swedish: träga

From Proto-Indo-European *dreǵʰ- (“to be unwilling, vexed”).


bēriz

bēriz (masculine nominative singular strong)
bērijai (masculine nominative plural strong)
bērī (feminine nominative singular strong)
bērijôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
bērį (neuter nominative singular strong)
-jatō (neuter nominative singular strong)
bērijō (neuter nominative plural strong)
bērijanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
bērijanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
bērijǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
bērijōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
bērį (accusative neuter singular strong)
-jatō (accusative neuter singular strong)
bērijō (accusative neuter plural strong)
bērijas (genitive masculine singular strong)
bērīs (genitive masculine singular strong)
bērijaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
bērijaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
bērijaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
bērijas (genitive neuter singular strong)
bērīs (genitive neuter singular strong)
bērijaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
bērijammai (dative masculine singular strong)
bērijaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
bērijaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
bērijaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
bērijammai (dative neuter singular strong)
bērijaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
bērijanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
bērijaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
bērijaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
bērijaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
bērijanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
bērijaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
bērijô (masculine nominative singular weak)
bērijaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
bērijǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
bērijōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
bērijô (neuter nominative singular weak)
bērijōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
bērijanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
bērijanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
bērijōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
bērijōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
bērijô (accusative neuter singular weak)
bērijōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
bērīniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
bērijanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
bērijōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
bērijōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
bērīniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
bērijanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
bērīni (dative masculine singular weak)
bērijammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
bērijōni (dative feminine singular weak)
bērijōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
bērīni (dative neuter singular weak)
bērijammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
bērīnē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
bērijammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
bērijōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
bērijōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
bērīnē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
bērijammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

Old English: -bǣre

Middle English: -bere

(English: -bearing)

Old Frisian: *bāre, -bēre, -bēr

Saterland Frisian: -boar

West Frisian: -ber

Old Saxon: -bāri

Middle Low German: -bār(e), -bēr(e)

Low German: -bor

→ Swedish: -bar

→ Norwegian: -bar

Old Dutch: *-bāri

Middle Dutch: -baer

Dutch: -baar

Old High German: -bāri

Middle High German: -bære (adverb -bāre, Central German also adjectivally)

German: -bar

Old Norse: bærr, -bærr

Icelandic: bær, -bær

Old Swedish: -bǣr

Vṛddhi gerundive of *beraną (“to bear”).


fundiz

fundiz (masculine nominative singular strong)
fundijai (masculine nominative plural strong)
fundī (feminine nominative singular strong)
fundijôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
fundį (neuter nominative singular strong)
-jatō (neuter nominative singular strong)
fundijō (neuter nominative plural strong)
fundijanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
fundijanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
fundijǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
fundijōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
fundį (accusative neuter singular strong)
-jatō (accusative neuter singular strong)
fundijō (accusative neuter plural strong)
fundijas (genitive masculine singular strong)
fundīs (genitive masculine singular strong)
fundijaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
fundijaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
fundijaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
fundijas (genitive neuter singular strong)
fundīs (genitive neuter singular strong)
fundijaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
fundijammai (dative masculine singular strong)
fundijaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
fundijaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
fundijaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
fundijammai (dative neuter singular strong)
fundijaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
fundijanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
fundijaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
fundijaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
fundijaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
fundijanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
fundijaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
fundijô (masculine nominative singular weak)
fundijaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
fundijǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
fundijōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
fundijô (neuter nominative singular weak)
fundijōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
fundijanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
fundijanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
fundijōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
fundijōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
fundijô (accusative neuter singular weak)
fundijōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
fundīniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
fundijanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
fundijōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
fundijōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
fundīniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
fundijanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
fundīni (dative masculine singular weak)
fundijammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
fundijōni (dative feminine singular weak)
fundijōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
fundīni (dative neuter singular weak)
fundijammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
fundīnē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
fundijammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
fundijōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
fundijōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
fundīnē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
fundijammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *fundī
Old English: *fynde
⇒ Old English: ēaþfynde (“easy to find”) (+ ēaþe (“easy”))

Old Norse: *fyndr

⇒ Old Norse: einfyndr

Verbal adjective derived from the weak preterite (perfect) stem of *finþaną (“to find”).


fundiz

fundiz (nominative singular)
fundīz (nominative plural)
fundi (singular vocative)
fundīz (plural vocative)
fundį (accusative singular)
fundinz (accusative plural)
fundīz (genitive singular)
fundijǫ̂ (genitive plural)
fundī (dative singular)
fundimaz (dative plural)
fundī (instrumental singular)
fundimiz (instrumental plural)

Proto-West Germanic: *fundi
Old Frisian: fynd

Old Norse: fundr, fyndr
Icelandic: fundur
Faroese: fundur
Norwegian:
Norwegian Bokmål: funn
Norwegian Nynorsk: funn
Old Swedish: funder m, fund f or n
Swedish: fynd n
Old Danish: fynd
Danish: fund c or n (common gender now obsolete)

A zero-grade oxytone noun derived from *finþaną (“to find”).


brukiz

brukiz (masculine nominative singular strong)
brukjai (masculine nominative plural strong)
brukī (feminine nominative singular strong)
brukjôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
brukį (neuter nominative singular strong)
-jatō (neuter nominative singular strong)
brukjō (neuter nominative plural strong)
brukjanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
brukjanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
brukjǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
brukjōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
brukį (accusative neuter singular strong)
-jatō (accusative neuter singular strong)
brukjō (accusative neuter plural strong)
brukjas (genitive masculine singular strong)
brukis (genitive masculine singular strong)
brukjaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
brukjaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
brukjaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
brukjas (genitive neuter singular strong)
brukis (genitive neuter singular strong)
brukjaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
brukjammai (dative masculine singular strong)
brukjaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
brukjaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
brukjaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
brukjammai (dative neuter singular strong)
brukjaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
brukjanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
brukjaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
brukjaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
brukjaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
brukjanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
brukjaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
brukjô (masculine nominative singular weak)
brukjaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
brukjǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
brukjōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
brukjô (neuter nominative singular weak)
brukjōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
brukjanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
brukjanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
brukjōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
brukjōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
brukjô (accusative neuter singular weak)
brukjōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
brukiniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
brukjanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
brukjōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
brukjōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
brukiniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
brukjanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
brukini (dative masculine singular weak)
brukjammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
brukjōni (dative feminine singular weak)
brukjōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
brukini (dative neuter singular weak)
brukjammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
brukinē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
brukjammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
brukjōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
brukjōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
brukinē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
brukjammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

Old English: bryċe

Middle English: briche

A secondary formation to the more primary *brēkiz, probably under influence of the noun. Derived from *brekaną (“to break”).


brukiz

brukiz (nominative singular)
brukīz (nominative plural)
bruki (singular vocative)
brukīz (plural vocative)
brukį (accusative singular)
brukinz (accusative plural)
brukīz (genitive singular)
brukjǫ̂ (genitive plural)
brukī (dative singular)
brukimaz (dative plural)
brukī (instrumental singular)
brukimiz (instrumental plural)

Proto-West Germanic: *bruki
Old English: bryċe, briċe
Middle English: breche
English: breach
Scots: breach, breiche, bretch, breack
Old Frisian: breke, bretse, breze
Saterland Frisian: Breek
Old Saxon: bruki
Middle Low German: bröke, broke
German Low German: Bröök, Brook
→ Swedish: bråk
→ Danish: brøk
Old Dutch: *bruki
Middle Dutch: brueke, brōke
Dutch: breuk
Afrikaans: breuk
Negerhollands: breek
→ Indonesian: patahan (“fault”) (semantic loan)
→ Indonesian: pecahan (“fraction”) (semantic loan)
→ Papiamentu: breuk
Old High German: bruh
Middle High German: bruch
German: Bruch
→ Saterland Frisian: Bruch
Hunsrik: Bruch
Luxembourgish: Broch
Vilamovian: brüch
Yiddish: בראָך (brokh)


walakuzjǭ

walakuzjǭ (nominative singular)
walakuzjōniz (nominative plural)
walakuzjǭ (singular vocative)
walakuzjōniz (plural vocative)
walakuzjōnų (accusative singular)
walakuzjōnunz (accusative plural)
walakuzjōniz (genitive singular)
walakuzjōnǫ̂ (genitive plural)
walakuzjōni (dative singular)
walakuzjōmaz (dative plural)
walakuzjōnē (instrumental singular)
walakuzjōmiz (instrumental plural)

Proto-West Germanic: *walakuʀjā

Old English: wælcyrġe, uualcyrġe, wælcyrġe, wælcyriġe, walcrigge, walcyrġe — Early Old English; wælcerie, wælcyrie, wælkyrie
Middle English: walkirie, walkyrie

Old Norse: valkyrja
Icelandic: valkyrja
Faroese: valkyrja
Norwegian Nynorsk: valkyrja, valkyrje, valkyrju
Norwegian Bokmål: valkyrje
Swedish: valkyria
Danish: valkyrie
→ Catalan: valquíria
→ English: valkyrie
→ French: valkyrie
→ Low German: walköre
→ German: Walküre
→ Dutch: Walkure
→ Hungarian: valkűr
→ Russian: валькирия (valʹkirija)
→ Spanish: valquiria

From *walaz (“(battle) wound”) + *keusaną (“choose, decide”) + *-jǭ (“-er”, feminine agent noun suffix).

af

valkyrie, literally "chooser of the slain"


fangiz

fangiz (masculine nominative singular strong)
fangijai (masculine nominative plural strong)
fangī (feminine nominative singular strong)
fangijôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
fangį (neuter nominative singular strong)
-jatō (neuter nominative singular strong)
fangijō (neuter nominative plural strong)
fangijanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
fangijanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
fangijǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
fangijōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
fangį (accusative neuter singular strong)
-jatō (accusative neuter singular strong)
fangijō (accusative neuter plural strong)
fangijas (genitive masculine singular strong)
fangīs (genitive masculine singular strong)
fangijaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
fangijaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
fangijaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
fangijas (genitive neuter singular strong)
fangīs (genitive neuter singular strong)
fangijaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
fangijammai (dative masculine singular strong)
fangijaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
fangijaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
fangijaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
fangijammai (dative neuter singular strong)
fangijaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
fangijanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
fangijaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
fangijaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
fangijaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
fangijanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
fangijaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
fangijô (masculine nominative singular weak)
fangijaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
fangijǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
fangijōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
fangijô (neuter nominative singular weak)
fangijōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
fangijanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
fangijanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
fangijōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
fangijōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
fangijô (accusative neuter singular weak)
fangijōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
fangīniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
fangijanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
fangijōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
fangijōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
fangīniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
fangijanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
fangīni (dative masculine singular weak)
fangijammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
fangijōni (dative feminine singular weak)
fangijōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
fangīni (dative neuter singular weak)
fangijammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
fangīnē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
fangijammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
fangijōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
fangijōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
fangīnē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
fangijammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *fangī
⇒ Old English: andfenge
Old Frisian: fensze, fendze
Old High German: *fengi
Middle High German: venge

Old Norse: *fengr, bráðfengr, harðfengr

Icelandic: fáfengur, harðfengur

Old Swedish: fāfænger

Swedish: brådfäng, eldfäng, fåfäng

Middle Danish: fofæng

Danish: fåfængt

Derived from *fanhaną (“to take, seize”).


fangiz

fangiz (nominative singular)
fangīz (nominative plural)
fangi (singular vocative)
fangīz (plural vocative)
fangį (accusative singular)
fanginz (accusative plural)
fangīz (genitive singular)
fangijǫ̂ (genitive plural)
fangī (dative singular)
fangimaz (dative plural)
fangī (instrumental singular)
fangimiz (instrumental plural)

Proto-West Germanic: *fangi
Old English: feng, fang
Middle English: feng, fenge
Old Frisian: fang, feng, fong
Saterland Frisian: Fang, Fangst
Old Saxon: *fang (in anafang)
Middle Low German: vank
Old Dutch: *fang
Middle Dutch: vanc
Dutch: vang
Old High German: *fang (in sweizfang)
Middle High German: vanc
German: Fang

Old Norse: fengr

Icelandic: fengur

Faroese: fongur


derbaz

*derbaz (a-stem)

derbaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
derbai (masculine nominative plural strong)
derbō (feminine nominative singular strong)
derbôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
derbą (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
derbō (neuter nominative plural strong)
derbanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
derbanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
derbǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
derbōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
derbą (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
derbō (accusative neuter plural strong)
derbas (genitive masculine singular strong)
-is (genitive masculine singular strong)
derbaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
derbaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
derbaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
derbas (genitive neuter singular strong)
-is (genitive neuter singular strong)
derbaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
derbammai (dative masculine singular strong)
derbaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
derbaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
derbaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
derbammai (dative neuter singular strong)
derbaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
derbanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
derbaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
derbaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
derbaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
derbanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
derbaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
derbô (masculine nominative singular weak)
derbaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
derbǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
derbōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
derbô (neuter nominative singular weak)
derbōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
derbanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
derbanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
derbōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
derbōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
derbô (accusative neuter singular weak)
derbōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
derbiniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
derbanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
derbōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
derbōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
derbiniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
derbanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
derbini (dative masculine singular weak)
derbammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
derbōni (dative feminine singular weak)
derbōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
derbini (dative neuter singular weak)
derbammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
derbinē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
derbammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
derbōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
derbōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
derbinē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
derbammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

Old English: deorf, dearf, māndeorf
Middle English: derf
Scots: derf

Old Frisian: derve, derfe

Old Saxon: derbi

Middle Low German: derve

Old Norse: djarfr
Icelandic: djarfur
Faroese: djarvur
Norwegian Nynorsk: djerv, djarv
Old Swedish: diærver
Swedish: djärv
Danish: djærv
Norwegian Bokmål: djerv

Derived from *derbaną (“to work, labor”).


hailiþō

hailiþō (nominative singular)
hailiþôz (nominative plural)
hailiþō (singular vocative)
hailiþôz (plural vocative)
hailiþǭ (accusative singular)
hailiþōz (accusative plural)
hailiþōz (genitive singular)
hailiþǫ̂ (genitive plural)
hailiþōi (dative singular)
hailiþōmaz (dative plural)
hailiþō (instrumental singular)
hailiþōmiz (instrumental plural)

Proto-West Germanic: *hailiþu
Old English: hǣlþ
Middle English: helthe, elþ, elþe, healethe, heleth, helth, helþe, hilþe; helte (Late Middle English)
English: health
Scots: helth, halth
Old High German: heilida

Old Norse: *heild

Icelandic: heild

Faroese: heild


hinþaną

hinþō (active first-person indicative singular)
hinþaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
hinþai (first-person indicative passive singular)
hinþizi (active indicative second-person singular)
hinþaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
hinþ (active imperative second-person singular)
hinþazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
hinþaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
hinþidi (active indicative singular third-person)
hinþai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
hinþadau (active imperative singular third-person)
hinþadai (indicative passive singular third-person)
hinþaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
hinþōz (active dual first-person indicative)
hinþaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
hinþadiz (active dual indicative second-person)
hinþaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
hinþadiz (active dual imperative second-person)
hinþamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
hinþaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
hinþandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
hinþaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
hinþid (active indicative plural second-person)
hinþaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
hinþid (active imperative plural second-person)
hinþandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
hinþaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
hinþandi (active indicative plural third-person)
hinþain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
hinþandau (active imperative plural third-person)
hinþandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
hinþaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
hanþ (active first-person indicative singular)
hundį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
hanst (active indicative second-person singular)
hundīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
hanþ (active indicative singular third-person)
hundī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
hundū (active dual first-person indicative)
hundīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
hundudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
hundīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
hundum (active first-person indicative plural)
hundīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
hundud (active indicative plural second-person)
hundīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
hundun (active indicative plural third-person)
hundīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
hinþandz (active participle present)
hundanaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Old Norse: hinna

Old Swedish: hinna

Swedish: hinna

Elfdalian: inna

Scanian: hinðe

Danish: hinde (obsolete)

Gutnish: hinna

Gothic: *𐌷𐌹𐌽𐌸𐌰𐌽 (*hinþan)

⇒ 𐍆𐍂𐌰𐌷𐌹𐌽𐌸𐌰𐌽 (frahinþan)

⇒ 𐌼𐌹𐌸𐍆𐍂𐌰𐌷𐌹𐌽𐌸𐌰𐌽 (miþfrahinþan)

⇒ 𐌿𐍃𐌷𐌹𐌽𐌸𐌰𐌽 (ushinþan)

Possibly from Proto-Indo-European *kent- or *ḱent-.


wrēkiz

wrēkiz (masculine nominative singular strong)
wrēkijai (masculine nominative plural strong)
wrēkī (feminine nominative singular strong)
wrēkijôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
wrēkį (neuter nominative singular strong)
-jatō (neuter nominative singular strong)
wrēkijō (neuter nominative plural strong)
wrēkijanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
wrēkijanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
wrēkijǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
wrēkijōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
wrēkį (accusative neuter singular strong)
-jatō (accusative neuter singular strong)
wrēkijō (accusative neuter plural strong)
wrēkijas (genitive masculine singular strong)
wrēkīs (genitive masculine singular strong)
wrēkijaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
wrēkijaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
wrēkijaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
wrēkijas (genitive neuter singular strong)
wrēkīs (genitive neuter singular strong)
wrēkijaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
wrēkijammai (dative masculine singular strong)
wrēkijaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
wrēkijaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
wrēkijaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
wrēkijammai (dative neuter singular strong)
wrēkijaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
wrēkijanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
wrēkijaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
wrēkijaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
wrēkijaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
wrēkijanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
wrēkijaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
wrēkijô (masculine nominative singular weak)
wrēkijaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
wrēkijǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
wrēkijōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
wrēkijô (neuter nominative singular weak)
wrēkijōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
wrēkijanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
wrēkijanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
wrēkijōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
wrēkijōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
wrēkijô (accusative neuter singular weak)
wrēkijōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
wrēkīniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
wrēkijanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
wrēkijōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
wrēkijōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
wrēkīniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
wrēkijanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
wrēkīni (dative masculine singular weak)
wrēkijammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
wrēkijōni (dative feminine singular weak)
wrēkijōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
wrēkīni (dative neuter singular weak)
wrēkijammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
wrēkīnē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
wrēkijammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
wrēkijōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
wrēkijōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
wrēkīnē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
wrēkijammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

Old Frisian: *wrēze, inwrēze

Old Norse: rækr

Icelandic: rækur

Vṛddhi gerundive of *wrekaną (“to pursue, drive out”).


erknaz

*erknaz (a-stem)

erknaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
erknai (masculine nominative plural strong)
erknō (feminine nominative singular strong)
erknôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
erkną (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
erknō (neuter nominative plural strong)
erknanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
erknanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
erknǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
erknōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
erkną (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
erknō (accusative neuter plural strong)
erknas (genitive masculine singular strong)
-is (genitive masculine singular strong)
erknaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
erknaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
erknaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
erknas (genitive neuter singular strong)
-is (genitive neuter singular strong)
erknaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
erknammai (dative masculine singular strong)
erknaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
erknaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
erknaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
erknammai (dative neuter singular strong)
erknaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
erknanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
erknaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
erknaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
erknaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
erknanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
erknaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
erknô (masculine nominative singular weak)
erknaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
erknǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
erknōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
erknô (neuter nominative singular weak)
erknōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
erknanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
erknanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
erknōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
erknōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
erknô (accusative neuter singular weak)
erknōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
erkniniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
erknanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
erknōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
erknōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
erkniniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
erknanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
erknini (dative masculine singular weak)
erknammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
erknōni (dative feminine singular weak)
erknōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
erknini (dative neuter singular weak)
erknammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
erkninē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
erknammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
erknōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
erknōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
erkninē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
erknammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *erkn
Old English: eorcnan
Old High German: erkan, erchan

Old Norse: *jarkn

desc

⇒ Old Norse: jartegn, tein, ᛁᛅᚱᛏᛁᚴᚾᚢᛘ (iartiknum)

Icelandic: jarteikn

Old Swedish: iärtekn, iärtighne

Swedish: järtecken

Danish: jærtegn

Gothic: 𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌺𐌽𐍃 (airkns)

Unlikely to be from Proto-Indo-European *h₂erǵ- (“white, shining”), which would give Proto-Germanic *ark-, but instead seems to represent a Proto-Indo-European *h₁erg- or *h₁erǵ-. Possibly cognate with Tocharian A yärk- (“to honor, venerate”), Tocharian B yarke (“honor, reverence”).


hrumaz

*hrumaz (a-stem)

hrumaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
hrumai (masculine nominative plural strong)
hrumō (feminine nominative singular strong)
hrumôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
hrumą (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
hrumō (neuter nominative plural strong)
hrumanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
hrumanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
hrumǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
hrumōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
hrumą (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
hrumō (accusative neuter plural strong)
hrumas (genitive masculine singular strong)
-is (genitive masculine singular strong)
hrumaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
hrumaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
hrumaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
hrumas (genitive neuter singular strong)
-is (genitive neuter singular strong)
hrumaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
hrumammai (dative masculine singular strong)
hrumaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
hrumaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
hrumaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
hrumammai (dative neuter singular strong)
hrumaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
hrumanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
hrumaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
hrumaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
hrumaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
hrumanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
hrumaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
hrumô (masculine nominative singular weak)
hrumaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
hrumǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
hrumōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
hrumô (neuter nominative singular weak)
hrumōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
hrumanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
hrumanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
hrumōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
hrumōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
hrumô (accusative neuter singular weak)
hrumōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
hruminiz (genitive masculine singular weak)
hrumanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
hrumōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
hrumōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
hruminiz (genitive neuter singular weak)
hrumanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
hrumini (dative masculine singular weak)
hrumammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
hrumōni (dative feminine singular weak)
hrumōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
hrumini (dative neuter singular weak)
hrumammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
hruminē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
hrumammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
hrumōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
hrumōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
hruminē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
hrumammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

Old Norse: hrumr

Icelandic: hrumur

Possibly from Proto-Indo-European *krew- (“to fall, collapse”) or ("to hit, break").


trindaz

*trindaz (a-stem)

trindaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
trindai (masculine nominative plural strong)
trindō (feminine nominative singular strong)
trindôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
trindą (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
trindō (neuter nominative plural strong)
trindanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
trindanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
trindǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
trindōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
trindą (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
trindō (accusative neuter plural strong)
trindas (genitive masculine singular strong)
-is (genitive masculine singular strong)
trindaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
trindaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
trindaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
trindas (genitive neuter singular strong)
-is (genitive neuter singular strong)
trindaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
trindammai (dative masculine singular strong)
trindaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
trindaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
trindaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
trindammai (dative neuter singular strong)
trindaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
trindanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
trindaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
trindaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
trindaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
trindanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
trindaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
trindô (masculine nominative singular weak)
trindaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
trindǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
trindōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
trindô (neuter nominative singular weak)
trindōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
trindanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
trindanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
trindōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
trindōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
trindô (accusative neuter singular weak)
trindōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
trindiniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
trindanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
trindōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
trindōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
trindiniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
trindanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
trindini (dative masculine singular weak)
trindammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
trindōni (dative feminine singular weak)
trindōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
trindini (dative neuter singular weak)
trindammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
trindinē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
trindammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
trindōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
trindōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
trindinē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
trindammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

Old Frisian: trind

Old Dutch:

Limburgish: trindj

Old Saxon:

Middle Low German: trint

Unclear. Possibly connected to Proto-Indo-European *drem- (“to tread, run”).


trumaz

trumaz (nominative singular)
trumōz (nominative plural)
trumōs (nominative plural)
trum (singular vocative)
trumōz (plural vocative)
trumōs (plural vocative)
trumą (accusative singular)
trumanz (accusative plural)
trumas (genitive singular)
trumis (genitive singular)
trumǫ̂ (genitive plural)
trumai (dative singular)
trumamaz (dative plural)
trumō (instrumental singular)
trumamiz (instrumental plural)

Old English: *trum, wyrttrum, wyrttruma (< *trumô)

Continues Proto-Indo-European *drumos, from *deru-, *drew- (“tree”). Compare Sanskrit द्रुम (druma, “tree”), Ancient Greek δρυμός (drumós, “copse, thicket”), Old Armenian տրամ (tram, “solid, firm”).


trumaz

*trumaz (a-stem)

trumaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
trumai (masculine nominative plural strong)
trumō (feminine nominative singular strong)
trumôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
trumą (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
trumō (neuter nominative plural strong)
trumanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
trumanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
trumǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
trumōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
trumą (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
trumō (accusative neuter plural strong)
trumas (genitive masculine singular strong)
-is (genitive masculine singular strong)
trumaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
trumaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
trumaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
trumas (genitive neuter singular strong)
-is (genitive neuter singular strong)
trumaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
trumammai (dative masculine singular strong)
trumaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
trumaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
trumaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
trumammai (dative neuter singular strong)
trumaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
trumanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
trumaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
trumaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
trumaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
trumanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
trumaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
trumô (masculine nominative singular weak)
trumaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
trumǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
trumōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
trumô (neuter nominative singular weak)
trumōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
trumanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
trumanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
trumōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
trumōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
trumô (accusative neuter singular weak)
trumōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
truminiz (genitive masculine singular weak)
trumanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
trumōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
trumōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
truminiz (genitive neuter singular weak)
trumanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
trumini (dative masculine singular weak)
trumammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
trumōni (dative feminine singular weak)
trumōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
trumini (dative neuter singular weak)
trumammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
truminē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
trumammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
trumōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
trumōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
truminē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
trumammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

Proto-West Germanic: *trum

Old English: trum

Middle English: trum (in compounds: mistrum; untrum)

Scots: trim

English: trim

Related to or derived from the above. For the semantic development, compare Proto-Germanic *trewą and *triwwiz.


falǭ

falǭ (nominative singular)
falōniz (nominative plural)
falǭ (singular vocative)
falōniz (plural vocative)
falōnų (accusative singular)
falōnunz (accusative plural)
falōniz (genitive singular)
falōnǫ̂ (genitive plural)
falōni (dative singular)
falōmaz (dative plural)
falōnē (instrumental singular)
falōmiz (instrumental plural)

Old Swedish: fala

Swedish: fala

From Proto-Indo-European *polh₂-, from *pelh₂- (“flat”). Cognate with Old Church Slavonic полѥ (polje).


mētiz

mētiz (masculine nominative singular strong)
mētijai (masculine nominative plural strong)
mētī (feminine nominative singular strong)
mētijôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
mētį (neuter nominative singular strong)
-jatō (neuter nominative singular strong)
mētijō (neuter nominative plural strong)
mētijanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
mētijanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
mētijǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
mētijōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
mētį (accusative neuter singular strong)
-jatō (accusative neuter singular strong)
mētijō (accusative neuter plural strong)
mētijas (genitive masculine singular strong)
mētīs (genitive masculine singular strong)
mētijaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
mētijaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
mētijaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
mētijas (genitive neuter singular strong)
mētīs (genitive neuter singular strong)
mētijaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
mētijammai (dative masculine singular strong)
mētijaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
mētijaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
mētijaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
mētijammai (dative neuter singular strong)
mētijaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
mētijanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
mētijaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
mētijaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
mētijaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
mētijanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
mētijaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
mētijô (masculine nominative singular weak)
mētijaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
mētijǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
mētijōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
mētijô (neuter nominative singular weak)
mētijōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
mētijanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
mētijanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
mētijōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
mētijōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
mētijô (accusative neuter singular weak)
mētijōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
mētīniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
mētijanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
mētijōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
mētijōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
mētīniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
mētijanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
mētīni (dative masculine singular weak)
mētijammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
mētijōni (dative feminine singular weak)
mētijōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
mētīni (dative neuter singular weak)
mētijammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
mētīnē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
mētijammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
mētijōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
mētijōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
mētīnē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
mētijammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *mātī
Old English: mǣte
Middle English: mete, meete
Old Frisian: *mēte, met
Old Saxon: *māti
Middle Low German: mâte
Old Dutch: *māti
Middle Dutch: mate
Old High German: māzi
Middle High German: mæze

Old Norse: mætr
Icelandic: mætur
Faroese: mætur
Norwegian Nynorsk: mæt
Norwegian Bokmål: mæt

Vṛddhi gerundive of *metaną (“to measure”).


tēwō

tēwō (nominative singular)
tēwôz (nominative plural)
tēwō (singular vocative)
tēwôz (plural vocative)
tēwǭ (accusative singular)
tēwōz (accusative plural)
tēwōz (genitive singular)
tēwǫ̂ (genitive plural)
tēwōi (dative singular)
tēwōmaz (dative plural)
tēwō (instrumental singular)
tēwōmiz (instrumental plural)

Old High German: zāwa

Gothic: 𐍄𐌴𐍅𐌰 (tēwa)

From earlier *tēgwō, from Proto-Indo-European *dēḱ-wéh₂, from *deḱ- (“to fit”).


urbą

urbą (nominative singular)
urbō (nominative plural)
urbą (singular vocative)
urbō (plural vocative)
urbą (accusative singular)
urbō (accusative plural)
urbas (genitive singular)
urbis (genitive singular)
urbǫ̂ (genitive plural)
urbai (dative singular)
urbamaz (dative plural)
urbō (instrumental singular)
urbamiz (instrumental plural)

Old English: orf

Old Swedish: orf, urf

From Pre-Germanic *h₃r̥bʰom, from the zero-grade of Proto-Indo-European *h₃erbʰ-.


unhtaz

*unhtaz (a-stem)

unhtaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
unhtai (masculine nominative plural strong)
unhtō (feminine nominative singular strong)
unhtôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
unhtą (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
unhtō (neuter nominative plural strong)
unhtanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
unhtanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
unhtǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
unhtōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
unhtą (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
unhtō (accusative neuter plural strong)
unhtas (genitive masculine singular strong)
-is (genitive masculine singular strong)
unhtaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
unhtaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
unhtaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
unhtas (genitive neuter singular strong)
-is (genitive neuter singular strong)
unhtaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
unhtammai (dative masculine singular strong)
unhtaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
unhtaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
unhtaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
unhtammai (dative neuter singular strong)
unhtaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
unhtanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
unhtaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
unhtaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
unhtaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
unhtanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
unhtaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
unhtô (masculine nominative singular weak)
unhtaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
unhtǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
unhtōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
unhtô (neuter nominative singular weak)
unhtōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
unhtanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
unhtanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
unhtōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
unhtōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
unhtô (accusative neuter singular weak)
unhtōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
unhtiniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
unhtanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
unhtōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
unhtōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
unhtiniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
unhtanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
unhtini (dative masculine singular weak)
unhtammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
unhtōni (dative feminine singular weak)
unhtōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
unhtini (dative neuter singular weak)
unhtammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
unhtinē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
unhtammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
unhtōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
unhtōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
unhtinē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
unhtammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

Gothic: *𐌿𐌷𐍄𐍃 (*ūhts) (in 𐌱𐌹𐌿𐌷𐍄𐍃 (biūhts), 𐌿𐌷𐍄𐌴𐌹𐌲𐍃 (ūhteigs))

Old participle to a nasal present, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ewk-. Compare Lithuanian jùnkti.


deuhtrą

deuhtrą (nominative singular)
deuhtrō (nominative plural)
deuhtrą (singular vocative)
deuhtrō (plural vocative)
deuhtrą (accusative singular)
deuhtrō (accusative plural)
deuhtras (genitive singular)
diuhtris (genitive singular)
deuhtrǫ̂ (genitive plural)
diuhtrai (dative singular)
deuhtramaz (dative plural)
deuhtrō (instrumental singular)
deuhtramiz (instrumental plural)

Middle High German: diehter, tiehter

From Pre-Germanic *dʰewgh₂trom, full grade formation from Proto-Indo-European *dʰugh₂tḗr.


unhtwǭ

unhtwǭ (nominative singular)
unhtwōniz (nominative plural)
unhtwǭ (singular vocative)
unhtwōniz (plural vocative)
unhtwōnų (accusative singular)
unhtwōnunz (accusative plural)
unhtwōniz (genitive singular)
unhtwōnǫ̂ (genitive plural)
unhtwōni (dative singular)
unhtwōmaz (dative plural)
unhtwōnē (instrumental singular)
unhtwōmiz (instrumental plural)

Old English: ūht (< *unhtwaz), ūhta (< *unhtwô)

Middle English: *uht (found in compound uhtsang, uhtsong); Middle English: uhhtenn, uȝten, ughten, oughten (< Old English ūhtan, oblique form)

Old Saxon: ūhta

Middle Low German: uchte

German Low German: Uchte, Ucht

→ German: Uchte (“midnight mass”) (regional)

Old Dutch: *ūhto

Middle Dutch: uchte, ochte (various forms are attested, including nuchte through rebracketing, uchten/ochten from the case forms, and rarely uchtent/ochtent from the previous by analogy with avont (“evening”))

desctree

Dutch: ochtend
Afrikaans: oggend
Jersey Dutch: óxtent

Old High German: uohta (irregular); *ūhta

Middle High German: uohte, ūhte (both rare)

German: Ucht, Aucht (both only in placenames and compounds)

Old Norse: ótta, óttask

Icelandic: ótta, óttast

Faroese: óttast

Norwegian Nynorsk: otta, ottast

Old Swedish: ōtta, ōta

Swedish: otte, otta

Danish: otte

Norwegian Bokmål: otte

Gothic: 𐌿𐌷𐍄𐍅𐍉 (ūhtwō)

/ˈũːx.twɔ̃ː/

From Pre-Germanic *n̥kʷ-tw-, derived from Proto-Indo-European *nókʷts. Compare Sanskrit अक्तु (aktú, “dark, night”).


suhturwijô

gem-decl-noun-table

*suhturwijô (an-stem)

suhturwijô (nominative singular)
suhturwijaniz (nominative plural)
suhturwijô (singular vocative)
suhturwijaniz (plural vocative)
suhturwijanų (accusative singular)
suhturwijanunz (accusative plural)
suhturwīniz (genitive singular)
suhturwijanǫ̂ (genitive plural)
suhturwīni (dative singular)
suhturwijammaz (dative plural)
suhturwīnē (instrumental singular)
suhturwijammiz (instrumental plural)

desc

Old English: suhtriga, suhtria, suhterga

Derived from Proto-Indo-European *suḱ-ter-, from *sweḱ-. Compare Armenian ուստր (ustr, “son”).


staraz

*staraz (a-stem)

staraz (masculine nominative singular strong)
starai (masculine nominative plural strong)
starō (feminine nominative singular strong)
starôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
starą (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
starō (neuter nominative plural strong)
staranǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
staranz (accusative masculine plural strong)
starǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
starōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
starą (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
starō (accusative neuter plural strong)
staras (genitive masculine singular strong)
-is (genitive masculine singular strong)
staraizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
staraizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
staraizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
staras (genitive neuter singular strong)
-is (genitive neuter singular strong)
staraizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
starammai (dative masculine singular strong)
staraimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
staraizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
staraimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
starammai (dative neuter singular strong)
staraimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
staranō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
staraimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
staraizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
staraimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
staranō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
staraimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
starô (masculine nominative singular weak)
staraniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
starǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
starōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
starô (neuter nominative singular weak)
starōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
staranų (accusative masculine singular weak)
staranunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
starōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
starōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
starô (accusative neuter singular weak)
starōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
stariniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
staranǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
starōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
starōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
stariniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
staranǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
starini (dative masculine singular weak)
starammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
starōni (dative feminine singular weak)
starōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
starini (dative neuter singular weak)
starammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
starinē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
starammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
starōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
starōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
starinē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
starammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *star
Old Saxon: *star
Middle Low German: star
Old Dutch: *star
Middle Dutch: *star
Dutch: star
Old High German: *star
Middle High German: star
German: starr

Old Norse: starr

From Pre-Germanic *storh₁-os, from Proto-Indo-European *sterh₁- (“to be stiff”). Along with Proto-Germanic *sturrāną, points to an unattested strong verb *steraną.


skōdiz

skōdiz (masculine nominative singular strong)
skōdijai (masculine nominative plural strong)
skōdī (feminine nominative singular strong)
skōdijôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
skōdį (neuter nominative singular strong)
-jatō (neuter nominative singular strong)
skōdijō (neuter nominative plural strong)
skōdijanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
skōdijanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
skōdijǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
skōdijōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
skōdį (accusative neuter singular strong)
-jatō (accusative neuter singular strong)
skōdijō (accusative neuter plural strong)
skōdijas (genitive masculine singular strong)
skōdīs (genitive masculine singular strong)
skōdijaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
skōdijaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
skōdijaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
skōdijas (genitive neuter singular strong)
skōdīs (genitive neuter singular strong)
skōdijaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
skōdijammai (dative masculine singular strong)
skōdijaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
skōdijaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
skōdijaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
skōdijammai (dative neuter singular strong)
skōdijaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
skōdijanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
skōdijaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
skōdijaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
skōdijaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
skōdijanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
skōdijaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
skōdijô (masculine nominative singular weak)
skōdijaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
skōdijǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
skōdijōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
skōdijô (neuter nominative singular weak)
skōdijōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
skōdijanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
skōdijanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
skōdijōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
skōdijōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
skōdijô (accusative neuter singular weak)
skōdijōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
skōdīniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
skōdijanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
skōdijōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
skōdijōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
skōdīniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
skōdijanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
skōdīni (dative masculine singular weak)
skōdijammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
skōdijōni (dative feminine singular weak)
skōdijōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
skōdīni (dative neuter singular weak)
skōdijammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
skōdīnē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
skōdijammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
skōdijōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
skōdijōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
skōdīnē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
skōdijammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

Old Norse: skœðr

Vṛddhi gerundive of *skaþjaną (“to mar, injure”).


sēwiz

sēwiz (masculine nominative singular strong)
sēwijai (masculine nominative plural strong)
sēwī (feminine nominative singular strong)
sēwijôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
sēwį (neuter nominative singular strong)
-jatō (neuter nominative singular strong)
sēwijō (neuter nominative plural strong)
sēwijanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
sēwijanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
sēwijǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
sēwijōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
sēwį (accusative neuter singular strong)
-jatō (accusative neuter singular strong)
sēwijō (accusative neuter plural strong)
sēwijas (genitive masculine singular strong)
sēwīs (genitive masculine singular strong)
sēwijaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
sēwijaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
sēwijaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
sēwijas (genitive neuter singular strong)
sēwīs (genitive neuter singular strong)
sēwijaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
sēwijammai (dative masculine singular strong)
sēwijaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
sēwijaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
sēwijaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
sēwijammai (dative neuter singular strong)
sēwijaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
sēwijanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
sēwijaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
sēwijaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
sēwijaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
sēwijanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
sēwijaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
sēwijô (masculine nominative singular weak)
sēwijaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
sēwijǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
sēwijōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
sēwijô (neuter nominative singular weak)
sēwijōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
sēwijanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
sēwijanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
sēwijōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
sēwijōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
sēwijô (accusative neuter singular weak)
sēwijōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
sēwīniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
sēwijanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
sēwijōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
sēwijōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
sēwīniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
sēwijanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
sēwīni (dative masculine singular weak)
sēwijammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
sēwijōni (dative feminine singular weak)
sēwijōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
sēwīni (dative neuter singular weak)
sēwijammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
sēwīnē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
sēwijammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
sēwijōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
sēwijōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
sēwīnē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
sēwijammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

Old Norse: *sær, -sær

Icelandic: sær, -sær

Vṛddhi gerundive of *sehwaną (“to see”).

(North Germanic) seeing, able to be seen, visible


serþaną

serþō (active first-person indicative singular)
serþaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
serþai (first-person indicative passive singular)
sirþizi (active indicative second-person singular)
serþaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
serþ (active imperative second-person singular)
serþazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
serþaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
sirþidi (active indicative singular third-person)
serþai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
serþadau (active imperative singular third-person)
serþadai (indicative passive singular third-person)
serþaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
serþōz (active dual first-person indicative)
serþaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
serþadiz (active dual indicative second-person)
serþaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
serþadiz (active dual imperative second-person)
serþamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
serþaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
serþandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
serþaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
sirþid (active indicative plural second-person)
serþaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
sirþid (active imperative plural second-person)
serþandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
serþaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
serþandi (active indicative plural third-person)
serþain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
serþandau (active imperative plural third-person)
serþandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
serþaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
sarþ (active first-person indicative singular)
surdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
sarst (active indicative second-person singular)
surdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
sarþ (active indicative singular third-person)
surdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
surdū (active dual first-person indicative)
surdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
surdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
surdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
surdum (active first-person indicative plural)
surdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
surdud (active indicative plural second-person)
surdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
surdun (active indicative plural third-person)
surdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
serþandz (active participle present)
surdanaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *serþan, *serdan

Old English: seorþan

Middle English: serden

English: sard

Scots: sard

Old Saxon: *serthan

Middle Low German: serden

Old Dutch: *serthan

Middle Dutch: serden

Dutch: zeerden

Old High German: sertan

Middle High German: serten

German: serten

Old Norse: serða

Icelandic: serða

Kroonen reconstructs Proto-Indo-European *sert- (“to hit (?); to rub against, move obliquely against”). Compare Hittite 𒊬𒋫𒄿 (šar-ta-i, “to wipe, rub”) and perhaps Welsh serth (“obscene”). Kloekhorst meanwhile argues for *serdʰH- based on Hittite.

der

to hit; to violate sexually (apparently linked with rape, homosexuality and bestiality)


sakaną

sakō (active first-person indicative singular)
sakaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
sakai (first-person indicative passive singular)
sakizi (active indicative second-person singular)
sakaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
sak (active imperative second-person singular)
sakazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
sakaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
sakidi (active indicative singular third-person)
sakai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
sakadau (active imperative singular third-person)
sakadai (indicative passive singular third-person)
sakaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
sakōz (active dual first-person indicative)
sakaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
sakadiz (active dual indicative second-person)
sakaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
sakadiz (active dual imperative second-person)
sakamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
sakaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
sakandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
sakaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
sakid (active indicative plural second-person)
sakaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
sakid (active imperative plural second-person)
sakandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
sakaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
sakandi (active indicative plural third-person)
sakain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
sakandau (active imperative plural third-person)
sakandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
sakaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
sōk (active first-person indicative singular)
sōkį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
sōht (active indicative second-person singular)
sōkīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
sōk (active indicative singular third-person)
sōkī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
sōkū (active dual first-person indicative)
sōkīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
sōkudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
sōkīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
sōkum (active first-person indicative plural)
sōkīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
sōkud (active indicative plural second-person)
sōkīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
sōkun (active indicative plural third-person)
sōkīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
sakandz (active participle present)
sakanaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *sakan
Old English: sacan
Old Saxon: sakan
Old Dutch: *sacan
Middle Dutch: sāken
Old High German: sahhan

Gothic: 𐍃𐌰𐌺𐌰𐌽 (sakan)
→ Asturian: sacar
→ Galician: sacar
→ Portuguese: sacar
→ Spanish: sacar

From Pre-Germanic *sh₂g-, from Proto-Indo-European *seh₂g-.


spēdiz

spēdiz (masculine nominative singular strong)
spēdijai (masculine nominative plural strong)
spēdī (feminine nominative singular strong)
spēdijôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
spēdį (neuter nominative singular strong)
-jatō (neuter nominative singular strong)
spēdijō (neuter nominative plural strong)
spēdijanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
spēdijanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
spēdijǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
spēdijōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
spēdį (accusative neuter singular strong)
-jatō (accusative neuter singular strong)
spēdijō (accusative neuter plural strong)
spēdijas (genitive masculine singular strong)
spēdīs (genitive masculine singular strong)
spēdijaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
spēdijaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
spēdijaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
spēdijas (genitive neuter singular strong)
spēdīs (genitive neuter singular strong)
spēdijaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
spēdijammai (dative masculine singular strong)
spēdijaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
spēdijaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
spēdijaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
spēdijammai (dative neuter singular strong)
spēdijaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
spēdijanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
spēdijaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
spēdijaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
spēdijaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
spēdijanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
spēdijaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
spēdijô (masculine nominative singular weak)
spēdijaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
spēdijǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
spēdijōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
spēdijô (neuter nominative singular weak)
spēdijōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
spēdijanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
spēdijanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
spēdijōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
spēdijōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
spēdijô (accusative neuter singular weak)
spēdijōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
spēdīniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
spēdijanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
spēdijōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
spēdijōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
spēdīniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
spēdijanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
spēdīni (dative masculine singular weak)
spēdijammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
spēdijōni (dative feminine singular weak)
spēdijōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
spēdīni (dative neuter singular weak)
spēdijammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
spēdīnē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
spēdijammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
spēdijōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
spēdijōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
spēdīnē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
spēdijammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

Proto-West Germanic: *spādī
Old Saxon: *spādi
Middle Low German: spāde
Low German: späd
Old Dutch: *spādi
Middle Dutch: spade, spaed
Dutch: spade, spa
Old High German: spāti
Middle High German: spǣte
Alemannic German: spaat
German: spät
Luxembourgish: spéit
Yiddish: שפּעט (shpet)

Gothic: *𐍃𐍀𐌴𐌸𐍃 (*spēþs)

From Proto-Indo-European *speh₁-tí-s, from *speh₁-.


turþiz

turþiz (nominative singular)
turþīz (nominative plural)
turþi (singular vocative)
turþīz (plural vocative)
turþį (accusative singular)
turþinz (accusative plural)
turþīz (genitive singular)
turþijǫ̂ (genitive plural)
turþī (dative singular)
turþimaz (dative plural)
turþī (instrumental singular)
turþimiz (instrumental plural)

Gothic: *𐍄𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌸𐍃 (*taurþs) (in 𐌲𐌰𐍄𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌸𐍃 (gataurþs))

From Proto-Indo-European *dŕ̥tis, equivalent to *teraną + *-þiz. Cognate with Ancient Greek δάρσις (dársis, “separation, tearing”), Sanskrit दृति (dṛ́ti, “skin, bag”) (< masculine), Russian дерть (dertʹ, “cleared land”).

cog

(East Germanic) destruction, a tearing down


fuldō

fuldō (nominative singular)
fuldôz (nominative plural)
fuldō (singular vocative)
fuldôz (plural vocative)
fuldǭ (accusative singular)
fuldōz (accusative plural)
fuldōz (genitive singular)
fuldǫ̂ (genitive plural)
fuldōi (dative singular)
fuldōmaz (dative plural)
fuldō (instrumental singular)
fuldōmiz (instrumental plural)

Old English: foldu, folde (< *fuldǭ),

Middle English: folde, fold

English: fold

Scots: fold

Old Saxon: folda

(Middle Low German: velt)

Old High German: *fulta (in placenames: Fuldaha)

Old Norse: fold

Icelandic: fold

Faroese: fold

Norwegian: fold, foll

From Pre-Germanic *pl̥th₂éh₂, feminine form of the adjective "flat", from Proto-Indo-European *pleth₂- (“flat”). In view of the Indo-Iranian cognates, Kroonen suggests it was used with the word for "land" in a sacral context.


turhtaz

*turhtaz (a-stem)

turhtaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
turhtai (masculine nominative plural strong)
turhtō (feminine nominative singular strong)
turhtôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
turhtą (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
turhtō (neuter nominative plural strong)
turhtanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
turhtanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
turhtǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
turhtōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
turhtą (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
turhtō (accusative neuter plural strong)
turhtas (genitive masculine singular strong)
-is (genitive masculine singular strong)
turhtaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
turhtaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
turhtaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
turhtas (genitive neuter singular strong)
-is (genitive neuter singular strong)
turhtaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
turhtammai (dative masculine singular strong)
turhtaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
turhtaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
turhtaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
turhtammai (dative neuter singular strong)
turhtaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
turhtanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
turhtaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
turhtaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
turhtaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
turhtanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
turhtaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
turhtô (masculine nominative singular weak)
turhtaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
turhtǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
turhtōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
turhtô (neuter nominative singular weak)
turhtōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
turhtanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
turhtanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
turhtōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
turhtōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
turhtô (accusative neuter singular weak)
turhtōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
turhtiniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
turhtanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
turhtōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
turhtōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
turhtiniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
turhtanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
turhtini (dative masculine singular weak)
turhtammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
turhtōni (dative feminine singular weak)
turhtōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
turhtini (dative neuter singular weak)
turhtammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
turhtinē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
turhtammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
turhtōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
turhtōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
turhtinē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
turhtammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

Old English: torht

Middle English: torhte, tohte

Old Saxon: torht, toroht

Old High German: zorht, zoraht, zorft

From Pre-Germanic *dr̥ḱtos, originally a past participle from Proto-Indo-European *derḱ- (“to see”).


irþīnaz

*irþīnaz (a-stem)

irþīnaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
irþīnai (masculine nominative plural strong)
irþīnō (feminine nominative singular strong)
irþīnôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
irþīną (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
irþīnō (neuter nominative plural strong)
irþīnanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
irþīnanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
irþīnǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
irþīnōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
irþīną (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
irþīnō (accusative neuter plural strong)
irþīnas (genitive masculine singular strong)
-is (genitive masculine singular strong)
irþīnaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
irþīnaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
irþīnaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
irþīnas (genitive neuter singular strong)
-is (genitive neuter singular strong)
irþīnaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
irþīnammai (dative masculine singular strong)
irþīnaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
irþīnaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
irþīnaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
irþīnammai (dative neuter singular strong)
irþīnaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
irþīnanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
irþīnaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
irþīnaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
irþīnaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
irþīnanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
irþīnaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
irþīnô (masculine nominative singular weak)
irþīnaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
irþīnǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
irþīnōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
irþīnô (neuter nominative singular weak)
irþīnōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
irþīnanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
irþīnanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
irþīnōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
irþīnōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
irþīnô (accusative neuter singular weak)
irþīnōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
irþīniniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
irþīnanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
irþīnōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
irþīnōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
irþīniniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
irþīnanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
irþīnini (dative masculine singular weak)
irþīnammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
irþīnōni (dative feminine singular weak)
irþīnōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
irþīnini (dative neuter singular weak)
irþīnammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
irþīninē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
irþīnammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
irþīnōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
irþīnōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
irþīninē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
irþīnammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *irþīn
Old English: eorþen, *yrþen
Middle English: erthen, erthene, erthin, erthyn, erþen, erþene, urþen; eorðene (Early Middle English)
English: earthen
Scots: erthen
Old Frisian: *erthen, *irthen
West Frisian: ierden
Old Saxon: *irthīn
Middle Low German: erden, ērden
German Low German: eerden
Old Dutch: *irthīn
Middle Dutch: erdijn
Dutch: aarden (remodeled after aarde)
Old High German: irdīn, erdīn
Middle High German: irdīn, erdīn
German: irden, (obsolete) erden

Gothic: 𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌸𐌴𐌹𐌽𐍃 (airþeins)


wulþuz

wulþuz (nominative singular)
wulþiwiz (nominative plural)
wulþu (singular vocative)
wulþiwiz (plural vocative)
wulþų (accusative singular)
wulþunz (accusative plural)
wulþauz (genitive singular)
wulþiwǫ̂ (genitive plural)
wulþiwi (dative singular)
wulþumaz (dative plural)
wulþū (instrumental singular)
wulþumiz (instrumental plural)

Proto-Norse: *ᚹᚢᛚᚦᚢᛉ (*wulþuʀ)

Old Norse: Ullr
Icelandic: Ullur
Norwegian Nynorsk: Ull
Norwegian Bokmål: Ull
→ Latin: Ollerus

⇒ Proto-Norse: ᛟᚹᛚᚦᚢᚦᛖᚹᚨᛉ (owlþuþewaʀ)

Gothic: 𐍅𐌿𐌻𐌸𐌿𐍃 (wulþus)

Vandalic: *wulþ

From Pre-Germanic *wl̥tus, from Proto-Indo-European *wel- (“to see”) + *-tus. Cognate with Latin vultus, voltus.


tumþiz

tumþiz (nominative singular)
tumþīz (nominative plural)
tumþi (singular vocative)
tumþīz (plural vocative)
tumþį (accusative singular)
tumþinz (accusative plural)
tumþīz (genitive singular)
tumþijǫ̂ (genitive plural)
tumþī (dative singular)
tumþimaz (dative plural)
tumþī (instrumental singular)
tumþimiz (instrumental plural)

Old Saxon: tumft; mistumft

Old Dutch: tunft; gitunft

Old High German: zumft

Middle High German: zumft, zunft

German: Zunft

Proto-Norse: *ᛏᚢᛗᚠᛏᚢ (*tumftu) (< *tumþō)

desc

Old Norse: *tóft, tomt, topt, tupt, tuft

Icelandic: topt, tuft

Faroese: toft

Norwegian Nynorsk: tuft, tomt; (dialectal) toft

Norwegian Bokmål: tomt, tuft

Old Swedish: topt, toft, tompt

Swedish: tomt

Scanian: tøvt

Danish: toft

→ Old English: toft

Middle English: toft

English: toft

From Pre-Germanic *dḿ̥tis, equivalent to *temaną + *-þiz.


wajjuz

wajjuz (nominative singular)
wajjiwiz (nominative plural)
wajju (singular vocative)
wajjiwiz (plural vocative)
wajjų (accusative singular)
wajjunz (accusative plural)
wajjauz (genitive singular)
wajjiwǫ̂ (genitive plural)
wajjiwi (dative singular)
wajjumaz (dative plural)
wajjū (instrumental singular)
wajjumiz (instrumental plural)

Old English: wǣġ

desctree

Old Norse: veggr, veggruni
Faroese: veggur
Icelandic: veggur
Norwegian Bokmål: vegg
Norwegian Nynorsk: vegg
Old Danish: wæg
Danish: væg, vægge, vegg
Old Swedish: væg, vægger
Swedish: vägg, vägge (dialectal)
Elfdalian: wegg
Gutnish: vägg
Scanian: vægg
→ Scots: wig, veggel, wugrum

Gothic: *𐍅𐌰𐌳𐌳𐌾𐌿𐍃 (*waddjus)

From pre-Germanic *wh̥₁yús, from Proto-Indo-European *weh₁y- (“to twist”).


wikkōną

wikkō (active first-person indicative singular)
wikkǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
wikkōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
wikkōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
wikkōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
wikkō (active imperative second-person singular)
wikkōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
wikkōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
wikkōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
wikkō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
wikkōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
wikkōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
wikkōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
wikkōs (active dual first-person indicative)
wikkōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
wikkōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
wikkōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
wikkōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
wikkōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
wikkōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
wikkōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
wikkōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
wikkōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
wikkōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
wikkōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
wikkōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
wikkōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
wikkōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
wikkōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
wikkōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
wikkōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
wikkōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
wikkōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
wikkōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
wikkōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
wikkōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
wikkōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
wikkōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
wikkōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
wikkōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
wikkōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
wikkōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
wikkōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
wikkōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
wikkōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
wikkōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
wikkōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
wikkōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
wikkōndz (active participle present)
wikkōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *wikkōn, *wikkijōn
Old English: wiċċian (< *wikkijōn)
Middle English: wicchen
English: witch
Scots: wich, wech, witch
Old Frisian: *wikkia, *wikia
Saterland Frisian: wikje
West Frisian: wikje
Old Saxon: *wikkōn; *wikkiōn
Middle Low German: wicken
German Low German: wicken
Old Dutch: *wikkon
Middle Dutch: wicken
Dutch: wikken
→ West Frisian: wikke
Old High German: *wikkōn, *wihhōn
Middle High German: wicken
German: wicken (obsolete)

From Pre-Germanic *wik-néh₂-, from Proto-Indo-European *weyk-.


lingwą

lingwą (nominative singular)
lingwō (nominative plural)
lingwą (singular vocative)
lingwō (plural vocative)
lingwą (accusative singular)
lingwō (accusative plural)
lingwas (genitive singular)
lingwis (genitive singular)
lingwǫ̂ (genitive plural)
lingwai (dative singular)
lingwamaz (dative plural)
lingwō (instrumental singular)
lingwamiz (instrumental plural)

Old Norse: lyng

Icelandic: lyng

Faroese: lyngur

Norwegian Bokmål: lyng

Norwegian Nynorsk: lyng

Old Swedish: liung

Swedish: ljung

Old Danish: liung

Danish: lyng

Gutnish: ljung

→ Middle English: lyng

English: ling

Scots: lyng, ling

/ˈliŋʷ.ɡʷɑ̃/

Perhaps from Pre-Proto-Germanic *lengʷʰom, from Proto-Indo-European *lengʷʰ-. Compare Proto-Slavic *lǫgъ (“meadow”) from Proto-Balto-Slavic *lanˀgas. The original meaning may have been *“unused land”; Kroonen compares the semantic development of *haiþī (“heath”). The same semantic pairing exists in modern Irish fraoch.


lingwaną

lingwō (active first-person indicative singular)
lingwaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
lingwai (first-person indicative passive singular)
lingwizi (active indicative second-person singular)
lingwaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
lingw (active imperative second-person singular)
lingwazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
lingwaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
lingwidi (active indicative singular third-person)
lingwai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
lingwadau (active imperative singular third-person)
lingwadai (indicative passive singular third-person)
lingwaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
lingwōz (active dual first-person indicative)
lingwaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
lingwadiz (active dual indicative second-person)
lingwaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
lingwadiz (active dual imperative second-person)
lingwamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
lingwaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
lingwandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
lingwaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
lingwid (active indicative plural second-person)
lingwaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
lingwid (active imperative plural second-person)
lingwandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
lingwaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
lingwandi (active indicative plural third-person)
lingwain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
lingwandau (active imperative plural third-person)
lingwandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
lingwaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
langw (active first-person indicative singular)
lungį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
lanht (active indicative second-person singular)
lungīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
langw (active indicative singular third-person)
lungī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
lungū (active dual first-person indicative)
lungīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
lungudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
lungīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
lungum (active first-person indicative plural)
lungīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
lungud (active indicative plural second-person)
lungīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
lungun (active indicative plural third-person)
lungīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
lingwandz (active participle present)
lunganaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *lingwan
Old Saxon: *lingan
Middle Low German: lingen
German Low German: lingen
Old High German: lingan
Middle High German: lingen
German: lingen
⇒ Proto-West Germanic: *galingwan
Old Saxon: *gilingan
Middle Low German: gelingen
Old Dutch: *gilingan
Middle Dutch: gelingen
Dutch: gelingen
Old High German: gilingan
Middle High German: gelingen
German: gelingen
Luxembourgish: geléngen
Yiddish: געלינגען (gelingen)

/ˈliŋʷ.ɡʷɑ.nɑ̃/

(West Germanic) to make progress, succeed


sterǭ

sterǭ (nominative singular)
sterōniz (nominative plural)
sterǭ (singular vocative)
sterōniz (plural vocative)
sterōnų (accusative singular)
sterōnunz (accusative plural)
sterōniz (genitive singular)
sterōnǫ̂ (genitive plural)
sterōni (dative singular)
sterōmaz (dative plural)
sterōnē (instrumental singular)
sterōmiz (instrumental plural)

Gothic: 𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌹𐍂𐍉 (stairō)

From Proto-Indo-European *ster- (“infertile”).


tinganą

tingō (active first-person indicative singular)
tingaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
tingai (first-person indicative passive singular)
tingizi (active indicative second-person singular)
tingaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
ting (active imperative second-person singular)
tingazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
tingaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
tingidi (active indicative singular third-person)
tingai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
tingadau (active imperative singular third-person)
tingadai (indicative passive singular third-person)
tingaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
tingōz (active dual first-person indicative)
tingaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
tingadiz (active dual indicative second-person)
tingaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
tingadiz (active dual imperative second-person)
tingamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
tingaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
tingandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
tingaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
tingid (active indicative plural second-person)
tingaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
tingid (active imperative plural second-person)
tingandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
tingaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
tingandi (active indicative plural third-person)
tingain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
tingandau (active imperative plural third-person)
tingandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
tingaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
tang (active first-person indicative singular)
tungį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
tanht (active indicative second-person singular)
tungīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
tang (active indicative singular third-person)
tungī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
tungū (active dual first-person indicative)
tungīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
tungudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
tungīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
tungum (active first-person indicative plural)
tungīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
tungud (active indicative plural second-person)
tungīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
tungun (active indicative plural third-person)
tungīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
tingandz (active participle present)
tunganaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Old English: *tingan, getingan

From Proto-Indo-European *denḱ- (“to bite”), with -ng- instead of expected -nh-. But compare Old English *þingan, geþingan (“to thrive”) which continues Proto-Germanic *þinhaną.


stainīnaz

*stainīnaz (a-stem)

stainīnaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
stainīnai (masculine nominative plural strong)
stainīnō (feminine nominative singular strong)
stainīnôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
stainīną (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
stainīnō (neuter nominative plural strong)
stainīnanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
stainīnanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
stainīnǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
stainīnōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
stainīną (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
stainīnō (accusative neuter plural strong)
stainīnas (genitive masculine singular strong)
-is (genitive masculine singular strong)
stainīnaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
stainīnaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
stainīnaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
stainīnas (genitive neuter singular strong)
-is (genitive neuter singular strong)
stainīnaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
stainīnammai (dative masculine singular strong)
stainīnaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
stainīnaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
stainīnaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
stainīnammai (dative neuter singular strong)
stainīnaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
stainīnanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
stainīnaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
stainīnaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
stainīnaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
stainīnanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
stainīnaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
stainīnô (masculine nominative singular weak)
stainīnaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
stainīnǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
stainīnōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
stainīnô (neuter nominative singular weak)
stainīnōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
stainīnanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
stainīnanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
stainīnōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
stainīnōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
stainīnô (accusative neuter singular weak)
stainīnōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
stainīniniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
stainīnanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
stainīnōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
stainīnōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
stainīniniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
stainīnanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
stainīnini (dative masculine singular weak)
stainīnammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
stainīnōni (dative feminine singular weak)
stainīnōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
stainīnini (dative neuter singular weak)
stainīnammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
stainīninē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
stainīnammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
stainīnōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
stainīnōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
stainīninē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
stainīnammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

Proto-West Germanic: *stainīn
Old English: stǣnen
Middle English: stenen, stonen
English: stonen
Old Frisian: stēnen
Old Saxon: *stēnin
Middle Low German: stênen
German Low German: stenen
Old Dutch: *stēnin
Middle Dutch: stênen
Dutch: stenen
Old High German: steinīn
Middle High German: steinīn
German: steinen (archaic)

Gothic: 𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌴𐌹𐌽𐍃 (staineins)