þunhijaną

þunhijō (active first-person indicative singular)
þunhijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
þunhijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
þunhīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
þunhijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
þunhī (active imperative second-person singular)
þunhijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
þunhijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
þunhīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
þunhijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
þunhijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
þunhijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
þunhijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
þunhijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
þunhijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
þunhijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
þunhijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
þunhijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
þunhijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
þunhijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
þunhijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
þunhijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
þunhīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
þunhijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
þunhīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
þunhijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
þunhijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
þunhijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
þunhijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
þunhijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
þunhijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
þunhijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
þunhidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
þunhidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
þunhidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
þunhidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
þunhidē (active indicative singular third-person)
þunhidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
þunhidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
þunhidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
þunhidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
þunhidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
þunhidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
þunhidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
þunhidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
þunhidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
þunhidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
þunhidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
þunhijandz (active participle present)
þunhidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *þų̄hijan
Old English: þȳwan, þēowan, þēon, þīwan
Middle English: thewen
⇒ Old English: geþȳwan
Old Saxon: *thūwian
Middle Low German: dûwen, dü̂wen, döuwen
German Low German: duven
Old Dutch: *thūwen
Middle Dutch: duwen, douwen
Dutch: duwen, douwen
Old High German: diuhen, dūhen

Old Norse: þyggja

Faroese: tyggja

A zero-grade ye-present related to *þwinhaną (“to force, press”). Compare Ancient Greek σᾰ́ττω (sắttō, “to stuff, cram”).


bōtijaną

bōtijō (active first-person indicative singular)
bōtijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
bōtijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
bōtīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
bōtijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
bōtī (active imperative second-person singular)
bōtijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
bōtijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
bōtīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
bōtijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
bōtijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
bōtijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
bōtijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
bōtijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
bōtijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
bōtijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
bōtijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
bōtijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
bōtijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
bōtijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
bōtijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
bōtijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
bōtīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
bōtijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
bōtīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
bōtijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
bōtijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
bōtijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
bōtijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
bōtijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
bōtijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
bōtijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
bōtidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
bōtidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
bōtidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
bōtidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
bōtidē (active indicative singular third-person)
bōtidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
bōtidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
bōtidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
bōtidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
bōtidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
bōtidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
bōtidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
bōtidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
bōtidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
bōtidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
bōtidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
bōtijandz (active participle present)
bōtidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *bōtijan
Old English: bētan, bœ̄tan
Middle English: beten, beete, bete, bett, betten, beytt, betenn, beote (Early Middle English)
English: beet (dialectal, obsolete)
Scots: bete, beit, beet, beat
Old Frisian: bēta
Old Saxon: bōtian
Middle Low German:
German Low German: böten
Old Dutch: buoten
Middle Dutch: boeten
Dutch: boeten
Old High German: buozen
Middle High German: büezen
German: büßen

Old Norse: bǿta, bœta, bꝍta
Icelandic: bæta
Faroese: bøta
Norwegian Nynorsk: bøta
Old Swedish: bøta
Swedish: böta
Danish: bøde
Norwegian Bokmål: bøte

Gothic: 𐌱𐍉𐍄𐌾𐌰𐌽 (bōtjan)

From *bōtō (“improvement, recompense”) + *-janą.


wōmijaną

wōmijō (active first-person indicative singular)
wōmijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
wōmijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
wōmīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
wōmijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
wōmī (active imperative second-person singular)
wōmijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
wōmijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
wōmīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
wōmijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
wōmijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
wōmijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
wōmijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
wōmijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
wōmijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
wōmijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
wōmijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
wōmijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
wōmijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
wōmijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
wōmijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
wōmijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
wōmīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
wōmijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
wōmīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
wōmijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
wōmijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
wōmijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
wōmijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
wōmijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
wōmijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
wōmijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
wōmidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
wōmidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
wōmidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
wōmidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
wōmidē (active indicative singular third-person)
wōmidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
wōmidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
wōmidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
wōmidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
wōmidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
wōmidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
wōmidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
wōmidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
wōmidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
wōmidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
wōmidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
wōmijandz (active participle present)
wōmidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *wōmijan
Old English: wēman

Old Norse: œma

Norwegian Nynorsk: øma


swōgijaną

swōgijō (active first-person indicative singular)
swōgijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
swōgijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
swōgīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
swōgijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
swōgī (active imperative second-person singular)
swōgijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
swōgijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
swōgīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
swōgijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
swōgijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
swōgijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
swōgijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
swōgijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
swōgijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
swōgijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
swōgijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
swōgijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
swōgijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
swōgijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
swōgijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
swōgijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
swōgīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
swōgijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
swōgīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
swōgijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
swōgijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
swōgijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
swōgijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
swōgijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
swōgijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
swōgijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
swōgidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
swōgidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
swōgidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
swōgidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
swōgidē (active indicative singular third-person)
swōgidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
swōgidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
swōgidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
swōgidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
swōgidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
swōgidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
swōgidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
swōgidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
swōgidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
swōgidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
swōgidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
swōgijandz (active participle present)
swōgidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *swōgijan

Old English: swēgan

Old Saxon: *swōgian

Middle Low German: *swȫgen

Low German: swögen

Gothic: *𐍃𐍅𐍉𐌲𐌾𐌰𐌽 (*swōgjan)

⇒ Gothic: 𐌲𐌰𐍃𐍅𐍉𐌲𐌾𐌰𐌽 (gaswōgjan)

⇒ Gothic: 𐌿𐍆𐍃𐍅𐍉𐌲𐌾𐌰𐌽 (ufswōgjan)

From *swōgiz (“noise, sound”) + *-janą, or *swōganą (“to sound, sigh”) + *-janą.


wraiþijaną

wraiþijō (active first-person indicative singular)
wraiþijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
wraiþijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
wraiþīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
wraiþijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
wraiþī (active imperative second-person singular)
wraiþijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
wraiþijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
wraiþīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
wraiþijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
wraiþijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
wraiþijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
wraiþijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
wraiþijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
wraiþijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
wraiþijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
wraiþijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
wraiþijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
wraiþijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
wraiþijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
wraiþijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
wraiþijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
wraiþīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
wraiþijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
wraiþīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
wraiþijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
wraiþijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
wraiþijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
wraiþijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
wraiþijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
wraiþijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
wraiþijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
wraiþidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
wraiþidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
wraiþidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
wraiþidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
wraiþidē (active indicative singular third-person)
wraiþidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
wraiþidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
wraiþidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
wraiþidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
wraiþidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
wraiþidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
wraiþidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
wraiþidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
wraiþidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
wraiþidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
wraiþidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
wraiþijandz (active participle present)
wraiþidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *wraiþijan
Old English: wrǣþan
Middle English: wrethen
Old Saxon: wrēthian
Middle Low German: wrêden, wreiden
Old Dutch: *wrēthen, *wreithen
Middle Dutch: wrêden
Old High German: reiden
Middle High German: reiden
German: reiden

Old Norse: reiða, vreiða

Icelandic: reiða

From *wraiþaz (“twisted, angry, cruel”) + *-janą.


wraitijaną

wraitijō (active first-person indicative singular)
wraitijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
wraitijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
wraitīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
wraitijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
wraitī (active imperative second-person singular)
wraitijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
wraitijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
wraitīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
wraitijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
wraitijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
wraitijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
wraitijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
wraitijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
wraitijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
wraitijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
wraitijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
wraitijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
wraitijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
wraitijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
wraitijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
wraitijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
wraitīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
wraitijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
wraitīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
wraitijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
wraitijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
wraitijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
wraitijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
wraitijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
wraitijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
wraitijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
wraitidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
wraitidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
wraitidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
wraitidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
wraitidē (active indicative singular third-person)
wraitidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
wraitidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
wraitidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
wraitidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
wraitidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
wraitidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
wraitidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
wraitidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
wraitidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
wraitidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
wraitidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
wraitijandz (active participle present)
wraitidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *wraitijan
Old High German: reizen
Middle High German: reizen
German: reizen
→ Middle Low German: rêssen, reissen, reisen

Old Norse: reita

Swedish: reta

From *wrītaną (“scratch, carve”) + *-janą.


wirþijaną

wirþijō (active first-person indicative singular)
wirþijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
wirþijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
wirþīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
wirþijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
wirþī (active imperative second-person singular)
wirþijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
wirþijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
wirþīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
wirþijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
wirþijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
wirþijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
wirþijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
wirþijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
wirþijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
wirþijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
wirþijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
wirþijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
wirþijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
wirþijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
wirþijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
wirþijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
wirþīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
wirþijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
wirþīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
wirþijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
wirþijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
wirþijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
wirþijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
wirþijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
wirþijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
wirþijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
wirþidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
wirþidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
wirþidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
wirþidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
wirþidē (active indicative singular third-person)
wirþidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
wirþidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
wirþidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
wirþidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
wirþidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
wirþidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
wirþidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
wirþidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
wirþidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
wirþidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
wirþidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
wirþijandz (active participle present)
wirþidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *wirþijan
Old English: *wirþan, *wierþan, *wyrþan
⇒ Old English: ġewirþan, ġewierþan, ġewyrþan
Old Frisian: wirtha, wertha, wirda
Old Dutch: wertha
Middle Dutch: werden, waerden
Old High German: wirden
Middle High German: wirden

Old Norse: virða

Icelandic: virða

desc

Norwegian Nynorsk: vyrda, vyrde, vørda, vørde

Old Swedish: virþa

Swedish: vörda

From *werþaz (“worthy, valuable”) + *-janą or *werþą (“worth, value”) + *-janą.


saugijaną

saugijō (active first-person indicative singular)
saugijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
saugijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
saugīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
saugijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
saugī (active imperative second-person singular)
saugijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
saugijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
saugīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
saugijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
saugijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
saugijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
saugijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
saugijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
saugijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
saugijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
saugijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
saugijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
saugijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
saugijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
saugijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
saugijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
saugīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
saugijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
saugīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
saugijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
saugijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
saugijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
saugijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
saugijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
saugijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
saugijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
saugidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
saugidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
saugidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
saugidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
saugidē (active indicative singular third-person)
saugidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
saugidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
saugidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
saugidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
saugidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
saugidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
saugidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
saugidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
saugidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
saugidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
saugidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
saugijandz (active participle present)
saugidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *saugijan
Old Saxon: sōgian
Middle Low German: sö̂gen
German Low German: sögen
→ Saterland Frisian: söögje
Old Dutch: *sōgen
Middle Dutch: sôgen
Dutch: zogen
Old High German: sougen
Middle High German: söugen
German: säugen

Old Norse: *seygja

Icelandic: seygja

Norwegian Nynorsk: søygja


sairijaną

sairijō (active first-person indicative singular)
sairijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
sairijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
sairīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
sairijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
sairī (active imperative second-person singular)
sairijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
sairijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
sairīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
sairijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
sairijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
sairijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
sairijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
sairijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
sairijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
sairijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
sairijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
sairijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
sairijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
sairijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
sairijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
sairijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
sairīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
sairijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
sairīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
sairijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
sairijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
sairijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
sairijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
sairijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
sairijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
sairijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
sairidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
sairidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
sairidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
sairidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
sairidē (active indicative singular third-person)
sairidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
sairidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
sairidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
sairidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
sairidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
sairidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
sairidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
sairidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
sairidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
sairidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
sairidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
sairijandz (active participle present)
sairidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *sairijan
Old Frisian: sēra
Old Saxon: sērian
Middle Low German: sêren
⇒ Middle Low German: vorsêren, vörsêren
German Low German: versehren
Old Dutch: sēren
Middle Dutch: sêren
⇒ Middle Dutch: besêren
Dutch: bezeren
⇒ Middle Dutch: versêren
Dutch: verzeren
Old High German: sēren
Middle High German: sēren
⇒ Middle High German: versēren
German: versehren

Old Norse: særa

Icelandic: særa

Faroese: særa

Norwegian: såre

Swedish: såra

Danish: såre

From *sairą (“wound”) + *-janą, or *sairaz (“painful”) + *-janą.


hwalbijaną

hwalbijō (active first-person indicative singular)
hwalbijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
hwalbijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
hwalbīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
hwalbijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
hwalbī (active imperative second-person singular)
hwalbijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
hwalbijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
hwalbīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
hwalbijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
hwalbijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
hwalbijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
hwalbijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
hwalbijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
hwalbijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
hwalbijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
hwalbijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
hwalbijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
hwalbijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
hwalbijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
hwalbijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
hwalbijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
hwalbīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
hwalbijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
hwalbīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
hwalbijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
hwalbijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
hwalbijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
hwalbijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
hwalbijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
hwalbijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
hwalbijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
hwalbidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
hwalbidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
hwalbidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
hwalbidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
hwalbidē (active indicative singular third-person)
hwalbidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
hwalbidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
hwalbidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
hwalbidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
hwalbidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
hwalbidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
hwalbidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
hwalbidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
hwalbidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
hwalbidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
hwalbidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
hwalbijandz (active participle present)
hwalbidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *hwalbijan
Old English: *hwielfan, *hwylfan
⇒ Old English: behwielfan, behwylfan
Old Saxon: *hwelbian
⇒ Old Saxon: bihwelvian
Old Dutch: *welven
Middle Dutch: welven
Dutch: welven
Old High German: *welben
Middle High German: welben
German: wölben

Old Norse: hvelfa

Icelandic: hvelfa, hvolfa, hvölfa

Faroese: hvølfa

desc

Norwegian Nynorsk: kvelva; (dialectal) kvolva

Old Swedish: hvælva

Swedish: välva, (pre-1906 spelling) hvälfva

From *hwalbaz (“curved, vaulted”) + *-janą or a causative verb from *hwelbaną (“to curve, vault”) + *-janą.


flautijaną

flautijō (active first-person indicative singular)
flautijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
flautijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
flautīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
flautijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
flautī (active imperative second-person singular)
flautijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
flautijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
flautīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
flautijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
flautijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
flautijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
flautijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
flautijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
flautijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
flautijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
flautijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
flautijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
flautijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
flautijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
flautijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
flautijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
flautīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
flautijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
flautīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
flautijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
flautijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
flautijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
flautijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
flautijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
flautijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
flautijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
flautidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
flautidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
flautidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
flautidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
flautidē (active indicative singular third-person)
flautidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
flautidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
flautidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
flautidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
flautidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
flautidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
flautidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
flautidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
flautidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
flautidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
flautidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
flautijandz (active participle present)
flautidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *flautijan
Old Saxon: *flōtian
Middle Low German: flö̂ten
Old Dutch: *flōten
Middle Dutch: vlôten
Dutch: vloten
Old High German: flōzen
Middle High German: flözen
German: flößen

Old Norse: fleyta

Icelandic: fleyta

Faroese: floyta

Norwegian Nynorsk: fløyta

Danish: fløde

Norwegian Bokmål: fløte

From *fleutaną (“to float, stream”) + *-janą.


wīdijaną

wīdijō (active first-person indicative singular)
wīdijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
wīdijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
wīdīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
wīdijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
wīdī (active imperative second-person singular)
wīdijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
wīdijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
wīdīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
wīdijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
wīdijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
wīdijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
wīdijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
wīdijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
wīdijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
wīdijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
wīdijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
wīdijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
wīdijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
wīdijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
wīdijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
wīdijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
wīdīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
wīdijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
wīdīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
wīdijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
wīdijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
wīdijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
wīdijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
wīdijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
wīdijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
wīdijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
wīdidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
wīdidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
wīdidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
wīdidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
wīdidē (active indicative singular third-person)
wīdidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
wīdidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
wīdidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
wīdidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
wīdidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
wīdidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
wīdidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
wīdidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
wīdidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
wīdidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
wīdidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
wīdijandz (active participle present)
wīdidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *wīdijan
Old English: *wīdan
Middle English: widen
Old Saxon: *wīdian
Middle Low German: wīden
Old Dutch: *wīden
Middle Dutch: widen
Dutch: wijden (obsolete)
⇒ Dutch: uitwijden
⇒ Dutch: verwijden
Old High German: wīten
Middle High German: wīten
German: weiten

Old Norse: víða

Icelandic: víða

Norwegian:

Bokmål: vide

Nynorsk: vide

Danish: vide


hlimmaną

hlimmō (active first-person indicative singular)
hlimmaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
hlimmai (first-person indicative passive singular)
hlimmizi (active indicative second-person singular)
hlimmaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
hlimm (active imperative second-person singular)
hlimmazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
hlimmaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
hlimmidi (active indicative singular third-person)
hlimmai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
hlimmadau (active imperative singular third-person)
hlimmadai (indicative passive singular third-person)
hlimmaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
hlimmōz (active dual first-person indicative)
hlimmaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
hlimmadiz (active dual indicative second-person)
hlimmaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
hlimmadiz (active dual imperative second-person)
hlimmamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
hlimmaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
hlimmandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
hlimmaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
hlimmid (active indicative plural second-person)
hlimmaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
hlimmid (active imperative plural second-person)
hlimmandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
hlimmaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
hlimmandi (active indicative plural third-person)
hlimmain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
hlimmandau (active imperative plural third-person)
hlimmandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
hlimmaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
hlamm (active first-person indicative singular)
hlummį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
hlammt (active indicative second-person singular)
hlummīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
hlamm (active indicative singular third-person)
hlummī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
hlummū (active dual first-person indicative)
hlummīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
hlummudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
hlummīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
hlummum (active first-person indicative plural)
hlummīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
hlummud (active indicative plural second-person)
hlummīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
hlummun (active indicative plural third-person)
hlummīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
hlimmandz (active participle present)
hlummanaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *hlimman

Old English: hlimman, hlymman

Old Dutch: *hlimman, *hilman

Middle Dutch: helmen

Old High German: hlimman

Middle High German: limmen

Old Norse: *hlimma (only attested in the preterite hlam)

Uncertain. May be connected to Proto-Indo-European *kelh₁- (“to shout”); compare Latin clāmō (“to cry, shout”).


rīstaną

rīstaną. (canonical)
rīstō (active first-person indicative singular)
rīstaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
rīstai (first-person indicative passive singular)
rīstizi (active indicative second-person singular)
rīstaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
rīst (active imperative second-person singular)
rīstazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
rīstaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
rīstidi (active indicative singular third-person)
rīstai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
rīstadau (active imperative singular third-person)
rīstadai (indicative passive singular third-person)
rīstaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
rīstōz (active dual first-person indicative)
rīstaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
rīstadiz (active dual indicative second-person)
rīstaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
rīstadiz (active dual imperative second-person)
rīstamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
rīstaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
rīstandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
rīstaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
rīstid (active indicative plural second-person)
rīstaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
rīstid (active imperative plural second-person)
rīstandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
rīstaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
rīstandi (active indicative plural third-person)
rīstain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
rīstandau (active imperative plural third-person)
rīstandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
rīstaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
raist (active first-person indicative singular)
ristį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
raist (active indicative second-person singular)
ristīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
raist (active indicative singular third-person)
ristī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
ristū (active dual first-person indicative)
ristīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
ristudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
ristīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
ristum (active first-person indicative plural)
ristīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
ristud (active indicative plural second-person)
ristīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
ristun (active indicative plural third-person)
ristīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
rīstandz (active participle present)
ristanaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Old Norse: rísta

Icelandic: rista

Norwegian:

Bokmål: riste

Nynorsk: rista, riste

Danish: riste

Related to *rīfaną, *rīpaną (“to tear”).


tradjaną

tradjō (active first-person indicative singular)
tradjaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
tradjai (first-person indicative passive singular)
tradisi (active indicative second-person singular)
tradjais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
tradi (active imperative second-person singular)
tradjasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
tradjaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
tradiþi (active indicative singular third-person)
tradjai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
tradjaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
tradjaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
tradjaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
tradjōs (active dual first-person indicative)
tradjaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
tradjaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
tradjaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
tradjaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
tradjamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
tradjaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
tradjanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
tradjainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
tradiþ (active indicative plural second-person)
tradjaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
tradiþ (active imperative plural second-person)
tradjanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
tradjainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
tradjanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
tradjain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
tradjanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
tradjanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
tradjainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
tradidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
tradidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
tradidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
tradidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
tradidē (active indicative singular third-person)
tradidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
tradidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
tradidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
tradidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
tradidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
tradidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
tradidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
tradidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
tradidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
tradidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
tradidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
tradjandz (active participle present)
tradidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *traddjan

Old English: treddan

Middle English: tredden

Old Saxon: *treddian

Middle Low German: tredden

Old Dutch: *tredden

Middle Dutch: tredden

Old High German: tretten

Middle High German: tretten

Old Norse: treðja
Icelandic: treðja


firigrīpaną

firigrīpō (active first-person indicative singular)
firigrīpaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
firigrīpai (first-person indicative passive singular)
firigrīpizi (active indicative second-person singular)
firigrīpaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
firigrīp (active imperative second-person singular)
firigrīpazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
firigrīpaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
firigrīpidi (active indicative singular third-person)
firigrīpai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
firigrīpadau (active imperative singular third-person)
firigrīpadai (indicative passive singular third-person)
firigrīpaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
firigrīpōz (active dual first-person indicative)
firigrīpaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
firigrīpadiz (active dual indicative second-person)
firigrīpaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
firigrīpadiz (active dual imperative second-person)
firigrīpamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
firigrīpaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
firigrīpandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
firigrīpaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
firigrīpid (active indicative plural second-person)
firigrīpaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
firigrīpid (active imperative plural second-person)
firigrīpandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
firigrīpaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
firigrīpandi (active indicative plural third-person)
firigrīpain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
firigrīpandau (active imperative plural third-person)
firigrīpandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
firigrīpaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
firigraip (active first-person indicative singular)
firigripį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
firigraift (active indicative second-person singular)
firigripīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
firigraip (active indicative singular third-person)
firigripī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
firigripū (active dual first-person indicative)
firigripīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
firigripudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
firigripīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
firigripum (active first-person indicative plural)
firigripīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
firigripud (active indicative plural second-person)
firigripīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
firigripun (active indicative plural third-person)
firigripīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
firigrīpandz (active participle present)
firigripanaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Old English: forgrīpan

Gothic: 𐍆𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌲𐍂𐌴𐌹𐍀𐌰𐌽 (fairgreipan)


furiganganą

furigangō (active first-person indicative singular)
furigangaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
furigangai (first-person indicative passive singular)
furigangizi (active indicative second-person singular)
furigangaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
furigang (active imperative second-person singular)
furigangazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
furigangaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
furigangidi (active indicative singular third-person)
furigangai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
furigangadau (active imperative singular third-person)
furigangadai (indicative passive singular third-person)
furigangaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
furigangōz (active dual first-person indicative)
furigangaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
furigangadiz (active dual indicative second-person)
furigangaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
furigangadiz (active dual imperative second-person)
furigangamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
furigangaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
furigangandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
furigangaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
furigangid (active indicative plural second-person)
furigangaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
furigangid (active imperative plural second-person)
furigangandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
furigangaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
furigangandi (active indicative plural third-person)
furigangain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
furigangandau (active imperative plural third-person)
furigangandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
furigangaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
furigegang (active first-person indicative singular)
furigegangį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
furigeganht (active indicative second-person singular)
furigegangīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
furigegang (active indicative singular third-person)
furigegangī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
furigegangū (active dual first-person indicative)
furigegangīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
furigegangudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
furigegangīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
furigegangum (active first-person indicative plural)
furigegangīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
furigegangud (active indicative plural second-person)
furigegangīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
furigegangun (active indicative plural third-person)
furigegangīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
furigangandz (active participle present)
furiganganaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *furigangan
Old English: forgangan
Old Saxon: fargangan
Old High German: firgangan

Gothic: 𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌲𐌰𐌲𐌲𐌰𐌽 (faurgaggan)


furaikwemaną

furaikwemō (active first-person indicative singular)
furaikwemaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
furaikwemai (first-person indicative passive singular)
furaikwimizi (active indicative second-person singular)
furaikwemaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
furaikwem (active imperative second-person singular)
furaikwemazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
furaikwemaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
furaikwimidi (active indicative singular third-person)
furaikwemai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
furaikwemadau (active imperative singular third-person)
furaikwemadai (indicative passive singular third-person)
furaikwemaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
furaikwemōz (active dual first-person indicative)
furaikwemaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
furaikwemadiz (active dual indicative second-person)
furaikwemaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
furaikwemadiz (active dual imperative second-person)
furaikwemamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
furaikwemaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
furaikwemandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
furaikwemaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
furaikwimid (active indicative plural second-person)
furaikwemaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
furaikwimid (active imperative plural second-person)
furaikwemandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
furaikwemaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
furaikwemandi (active indicative plural third-person)
furaikwemain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
furaikwemandau (active imperative plural third-person)
furaikwemandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
furaikwemaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
furaikwam (active first-person indicative singular)
furaikwēmį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
furaikwamt (active indicative second-person singular)
furaikwēmīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
furaikwam (active indicative singular third-person)
furaikwēmī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
furaikwēmū (active dual first-person indicative)
furaikwēmīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
furaikwēmudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
furaikwēmīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
furaikwēmum (active first-person indicative plural)
furaikwēmīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
furaikwēmud (active indicative plural second-person)
furaikwēmīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
furaikwēmun (active indicative plural third-person)
furaikwēmīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
furaikwemandz (active participle present)
furaikumanaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *forakweman

Old English: forecuman

Middle English: forecomen

English: forecome

Old Frisian: forakuma

Saterland Frisian: foarkuume

West Frisian: foarkomme

Old Saxon: *foraqueman, *forakuman

desc

Middle Low German: vōrekōmen, vȫrekōmen, vȫrkōmen

German Low German: vörkomen

Old Dutch: foracuman

Middle Dutch: vōrecōmen

Dutch: voorkomen

Old High German: foraqueman, furiqueman

Middle High German: forekomen, vorekomen, vurekomen, vürekomen

German: vorkommen

Gothic: 𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌰𐌵𐌹𐌼𐌰𐌽 (fauraqiman)


furaisagjaną

furaisagjō (active first-person indicative singular)
furaisagjaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
furaisagaisi (active indicative second-person singular)
furaisagjais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
furaisagai (active imperative second-person singular)
furaisagaiþi (active indicative singular third-person)
furaisagjai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
furaisagjaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
furaisagjōs (active dual first-person indicative)
furaisagjaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
furaisagjaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
furaisagjaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
furaisagjaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
furaisagjamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
furaisagjaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
furaisagaiþ (active indicative plural second-person)
furaisagjaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
furaisagaiþ (active imperative plural second-person)
furaisagjanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
furaisagjain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
furaisagjanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
furaisagdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
furaisagdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
furaisagdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
furaisagdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
furaisagdē (active indicative singular third-person)
furaisagdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
furaisagdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
furaisagdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
furaisagdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
furaisagdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
furaisagdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
furaisagdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
furaisagdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
furaisagdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
furaisagdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
furaisagdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
furaisagjandz (active participle present)
furaisagdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Old English: foreseċġan
Middle English: *foresayen
English: foresay

Old Saxon: foraseggian

Middle Low German: vōreseggen

Old Dutch: foraseggen, forasagon

Middle Dutch: vōreseggen

Dutch: voorzeggen

Old High German: forasagēn

Middle High German: voresagen

German: vorsagen

Old Norse: fyrirsegja

Icelandic: fyrirsegja


furaistandaną

furaistandō (active first-person indicative singular)
furaistandaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
furaistandai (first-person indicative passive singular)
furaistandizi (active indicative second-person singular)
furaistandaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
furaistand (active imperative second-person singular)
furaistandazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
furaistandaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
furaistandidi (active indicative singular third-person)
furaistandai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
furaistandadau (active imperative singular third-person)
furaistandadai (indicative passive singular third-person)
furaistandaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
furaistandōz (active dual first-person indicative)
furaistandaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
furaistandadiz (active dual indicative second-person)
furaistandaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
furaistandadiz (active dual imperative second-person)
furaistandamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
furaistandaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
furaistandandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
furaistandaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
furaistandid (active indicative plural second-person)
furaistandaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
furaistandid (active imperative plural second-person)
furaistandandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
furaistandaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
furaistandandi (active indicative plural third-person)
furaistandain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
furaistandandau (active imperative plural third-person)
furaistandandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
furaistandaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
furaistōþ (active first-person indicative singular)
furaistōdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
furaistōst (active indicative second-person singular)
furaistōdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
furaistōþ (active indicative singular third-person)
furaistōdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
furaistōdū (active dual first-person indicative)
furaistōdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
furaistōdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
furaistōdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
furaistōdum (active first-person indicative plural)
furaistōdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
furaistōdud (active indicative plural second-person)
furaistōdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
furaistōdun (active indicative plural third-person)
furaistōdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
furaistandandz (active participle present)
furaistadanaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Old English: forestandan

Old Saxon: forastān

Middle Low German: vōrestân

Old Dutch: *forastān

Middle Dutch: vōrestâen

Dutch: voorstaan

Old High German: forastān, forastēn

Middle High German: vorestān

desc

𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌰𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌽

Gothic: 𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌰𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌽 (faurastandan)


wankōną

wankō (active first-person indicative singular)
wankǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
wankōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
wankōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
wankōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
wankō (active imperative second-person singular)
wankōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
wankōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
wankōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
wankō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
wankōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
wankōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
wankōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
wankōs (active dual first-person indicative)
wankōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
wankōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
wankōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
wankōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
wankōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
wankōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
wankōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
wankōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
wankōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
wankōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
wankōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
wankōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
wankōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
wankōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
wankōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
wankōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
wankōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
wankōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
wankōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
wankōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
wankōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
wankōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
wankōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
wankōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
wankōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
wankōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
wankōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
wankōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
wankōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
wankōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
wankōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
wankōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
wankōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
wankōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
wankōndz (active participle present)
wankōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *wankōn
Old Frisian: *wankia, *wonkia
Saterland Frisian: wonkje
West Frisian: wankje
Old Saxon: wankōn
Middle Low German: wanken
German Low German: wanken
→ Danish: vanke
→ Norwegian Bokmål: vanke
→ Norwegian Nynorsk: vanka
→ Swedish: vanka
Old Dutch: *wancon
Middle Dutch: wanken
Dutch: wanken
Old High German: wankōn
Middle High German: wanken
German: wanken

Old Norse: vakka

Icelandic: vakka

Faroese: vakka

According to Kroonen, a nasal-infixed derivative from the verb *weganą (“to move”). Orel prefers a connection to *wenkjanana, which he derives from Proto-Indo-European *weng- (“to bow, bend”), and compares to Sanskrit वङ्गति (vaṅgati, “to limp, walk”), Lithuanian véngti (“to swerve, avoid”).


spīwatjaną

spīwatjō (active first-person indicative singular)
spīwatjaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
spīwatjai (first-person indicative passive singular)
spīwatisi (active indicative second-person singular)
spīwatjais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
spīwati (active imperative second-person singular)
spīwatjasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
spīwatjaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
spīwatiþi (active indicative singular third-person)
spīwatjai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
spīwatjaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
spīwatjaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
spīwatjaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
spīwatjōs (active dual first-person indicative)
spīwatjaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
spīwatjaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
spīwatjaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
spīwatjaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
spīwatjamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
spīwatjaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
spīwatjanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
spīwatjainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
spīwatiþ (active indicative plural second-person)
spīwatjaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
spīwatiþ (active imperative plural second-person)
spīwatjanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
spīwatjainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
spīwatjanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
spīwatjain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
spīwatjanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
spīwatjanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
spīwatjainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
spīwastǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
spīwastēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
spīwastēz (active indicative second-person singular)
spīwastēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
spīwastē (active indicative singular third-person)
spīwastēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
spīwastēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
spīwastēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
spīwastēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
spīwastēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
spīwastēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
spīwastēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
spīwastēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
spīwastēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
spīwastēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
spīwastēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
spīwatjandz (active participle present)
spīwatidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *spīwattjan

Old English:

Middle English: spouten

English: spout

Old Dutch:

Middle Dutch: spoiten

Dutch: spuiten

desc

Old High German: spīwezen, spūwezen, spiuwezen

Middle High German: spiutzen, spūtzen

German: speuzen (archaic)

Luxembourgish: späizen

Old Norse: spýta

Icelandic: spýta

Faroese: spýta

Norwegian Nynorsk: spyta


kauzijaną

kauzijō (active first-person indicative singular)
kauzijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
kauzijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
kauzīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
kauzijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
kauzī (active imperative second-person singular)
kauzijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
kauzijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
kauzīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
kauzijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
kauzijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
kauzijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
kauzijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
kauzijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
kauzijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
kauzijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
kauzijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
kauzijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
kauzijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
kauzijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
kauzijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
kauzijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
kauzīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
kauzijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
kauzīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
kauzijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
kauzijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
kauzijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
kauzijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
kauzijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
kauzijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
kauzijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
kauzidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
kauzidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
kauzidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
kauzidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
kauzidē (active indicative singular third-person)
kauzidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
kauzidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
kauzidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
kauzidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
kauzidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
kauzidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
kauzidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
kauzidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
kauzidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
kauzidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
kauzidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
kauzijandz (active participle present)
kauzidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *kauʀijan

Old Frisian: kēra

→ Old French: coisir, choisir

Middle French: choisir

French: choisir

→ Old Occitan: causir

→ Old Galician-Portuguese: cousir

Galician: cousir

→ Franco-Provençal: chouêsir

descendants tree

Gothic: 𐌺𐌰𐌿𐍃𐌾𐌰𐌽 (kausjan)
→ Proto-Slavic: *kusiti (see there for further descendants)

Originally the causative of *keusaną (“to choose”) + *-janą.


hagōną

hagō (active first-person indicative singular)
hagǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
hagōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
hagōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
hagōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
hagō (active imperative second-person singular)
hagōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
hagōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
hagōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
hagō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
hagōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
hagōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
hagōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
hagōs (active dual first-person indicative)
hagōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
hagōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
hagōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
hagōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
hagōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
hagōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
hagōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
hagōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
hagōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
hagōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
hagōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
hagōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
hagōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
hagōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
hagōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
hagōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
hagōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
hagōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
hagōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
hagōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
hagōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
hagōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
hagōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
hagōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
hagōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
hagōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
hagōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
hagōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
hagōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
hagōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
hagōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
hagōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
hagōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
hagōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
hagōndz (active participle present)
hagōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *hagōn
Old English: *hagian
⇒ Old English: ġehagian (“to be possible, convenient”)
⇒ Old English: onhagian, anhagian (“to be within one's ablity or convenience”)
⇒ Middle English: bihaȝen
Old Frisian: hagia
Saterland Frisian: hoagje
West Frisian: haagje
Old Saxon: *hagōn
Middle Low German: hāgen
German Low German: hagen
Old Dutch: *hagon
Middle Dutch: hāgen
Dutch: hagen (obsolete)
Old High German: *hagōn
Middle High German: hagen
German: hagen (archaic)

desc

Old Norse: haga (“to arrange, manage; to comfort”)

Icelandic: haga

Faroese: haga

From *hagaz (“abled; comfortable”) + *-ōną.


swinþijaną

swinþijō (active first-person indicative singular)
swinþijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
swinþijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
swinþīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
swinþijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
swinþī (active imperative second-person singular)
swinþijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
swinþijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
swinþīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
swinþijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
swinþijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
swinþijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
swinþijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
swinþijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
swinþijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
swinþijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
swinþijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
swinþijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
swinþijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
swinþijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
swinþijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
swinþijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
swinþīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
swinþijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
swinþīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
swinþijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
swinþijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
swinþijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
swinþijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
swinþijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
swinþijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
swinþijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
swinþidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
swinþidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
swinþidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
swinþidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
swinþidē (active indicative singular third-person)
swinþidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
swinþidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
swinþidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
swinþidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
swinþidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
swinþidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
swinþidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
swinþidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
swinþidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
swinþidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
swinþidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
swinþijandz (active participle present)
swinþidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *swinþijan
Old English: swīþan

Gothic: *𐍃𐍅𐌹𐌽𐌸𐌾𐌰𐌽 (*swinþjan)

⇒ Gothic: 𐌲𐌰𐍃𐍅𐌹𐌽𐌸𐌾𐌰𐌽 (gaswinþjan)


swēlijaną

swēlijō (active first-person indicative singular)
swēlijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
swēlijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
swēlīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
swēlijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
swēlī (active imperative second-person singular)
swēlijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
swēlijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
swēlīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
swēlijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
swēlijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
swēlijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
swēlijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
swēlijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
swēlijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
swēlijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
swēlijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
swēlijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
swēlijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
swēlijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
swēlijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
swēlijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
swēlīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
swēlijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
swēlīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
swēlijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
swēlijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
swēlijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
swēlijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
swēlijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
swēlijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
swēlijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
swēlidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
swēlidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
swēlidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
swēlidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
swēlidē (active indicative singular third-person)
swēlidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
swēlidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
swēlidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
swēlidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
swēlidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
swēlidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
swēlidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
swēlidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
swēlidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
swēlidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
swēlidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
swēlijandz (active participle present)
swēlidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *swēlijan

Old English: swǣlan

Old Norse: svæla


wrakjaną

wrakjō (active first-person indicative singular)
wrakjaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
wrakjai (first-person indicative passive singular)
wrakisi (active indicative second-person singular)
wrakjais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
wraki (active imperative second-person singular)
wrakjasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
wrakjaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
wrakiþi (active indicative singular third-person)
wrakjai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
wrakjaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
wrakjaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
wrakjaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
wrakjōs (active dual first-person indicative)
wrakjaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
wrakjaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
wrakjaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
wrakjaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
wrakjamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
wrakjaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
wrakjanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
wrakjainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
wrakiþ (active indicative plural second-person)
wrakjaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
wrakiþ (active imperative plural second-person)
wrakjanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
wrakjainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
wrakjanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
wrakjain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
wrakjanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
wrakjanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
wrakjainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
wrakidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
wrakidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
wrakidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
wrakidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
wrakidē (active indicative singular third-person)
wrakidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
wrakidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
wrakidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
wrakidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
wrakidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
wrakidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
wrakidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
wrakidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
wrakidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
wrakidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
wrakidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
wrakjandz (active participle present)
wrakidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *wrakkjan
Old English: wreccan

Old Norse: rekja

Icelandic: rekja

Gothic: 𐍅𐍂𐌰𐌺𐌾𐌰𐌽 (wrakjan)


wēdijaną

wēdijō (active first-person indicative singular)
wēdijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
wēdijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
wēdīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
wēdijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
wēdī (active imperative second-person singular)
wēdijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
wēdijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
wēdīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
wēdijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
wēdijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
wēdijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
wēdijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
wēdijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
wēdijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
wēdijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
wēdijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
wēdijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
wēdijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
wēdijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
wēdijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
wēdijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
wēdīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
wēdijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
wēdīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
wēdijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
wēdijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
wēdijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
wēdijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
wēdijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
wēdijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
wēdijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
wēdidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
wēdidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
wēdidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
wēdidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
wēdidē (active indicative singular third-person)
wēdidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
wēdidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
wēdidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
wēdidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
wēdidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
wēdidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
wēdidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
wēdidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
wēdidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
wēdidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
wēdidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
wēdijandz (active participle present)
wēdidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *wādijan
Old English: wǣdan
Old Saxon: wādian
Old Dutch: wāden
Old High German: wāten
Middle High German: wæten

Old Norse: væða

Icelandic: væða

From *wēdiz (“cloth, garment”) + *-janą.


wēgijaną

wēgijō (active first-person indicative singular)
wēgijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
wēgijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
wēgīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
wēgijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
wēgī (active imperative second-person singular)
wēgijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
wēgijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
wēgīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
wēgijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
wēgijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
wēgijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
wēgijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
wēgijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
wēgijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
wēgijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
wēgijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
wēgijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
wēgijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
wēgijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
wēgijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
wēgijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
wēgīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
wēgijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
wēgīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
wēgijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
wēgijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
wēgijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
wēgijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
wēgijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
wēgijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
wēgijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
wēgidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
wēgidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
wēgidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
wēgidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
wēgidē (active indicative singular third-person)
wēgidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
wēgidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
wēgidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
wēgidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
wēgidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
wēgidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
wēgidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
wēgidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
wēgidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
wēgidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
wēgidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
wēgijandz (active participle present)
wēgidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *wēgijan

Old Saxon: wāgian

Old Norse: vægja

Icelandic: vægja


þragjaną

þragjō (active first-person indicative singular)
þragjaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
þragjai (first-person indicative passive singular)
þragisi (active indicative second-person singular)
þragjais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
þragi (active imperative second-person singular)
þragjasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
þragjaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
þragiþi (active indicative singular third-person)
þragjai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
þragjaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
þragjaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
þragjaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
þragjōs (active dual first-person indicative)
þragjaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
þragjaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
þragjaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
þragjaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
þragjamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
þragjaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
þragjanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
þragjainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
þragiþ (active indicative plural second-person)
þragjaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
þragiþ (active imperative plural second-person)
þragjanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
þragjainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
þragjanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
þragjain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
þragjanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
þragjanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
þragjainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
þragidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
þragidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
þragidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
þragidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
þragidē (active indicative singular third-person)
þragidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
þragidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
þragidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
þragidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
þragidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
þragidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
þragidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
þragidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
þragidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
þragidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
þragidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
þragjandz (active participle present)
þragidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *þraggjan

Old English: þrægan

Gothic: 𐌸𐍂𐌰𐌲𐌾𐌰𐌽 (þragjan)

/ˈθrɑɣ.jɑ.nɑ̃/

Apparently from a Proto-Indo-European *tregʰ-, which may be a variant of *dʰregʰ- (“to run”). Or otherwise perhaps related to Proto-Slavic *tъ̑rkъ (“to run”).


þeutaną

þeutō (active first-person indicative singular)
þeutaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
þeutai (first-person indicative passive singular)
þiutizi (active indicative second-person singular)
þeutaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
þeut (active imperative second-person singular)
þeutazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
þeutaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
þiutidi (active indicative singular third-person)
þeutai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
þeutadau (active imperative singular third-person)
þeutadai (indicative passive singular third-person)
þeutaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
þeutōz (active dual first-person indicative)
þeutaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
þeutadiz (active dual indicative second-person)
þeutaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
þeutadiz (active dual imperative second-person)
þeutamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
þeutaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
þeutandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
þeutaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
þiutid (active indicative plural second-person)
þeutaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
þiutid (active imperative plural second-person)
þeutandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
þeutaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
þeutandi (active indicative plural third-person)
þeutain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
þeutandau (active imperative plural third-person)
þeutandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
þeutaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
þaut (active first-person indicative singular)
þutį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
þaust (active indicative second-person singular)
þutīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
þaut (active indicative singular third-person)
þutī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
þutū (active dual first-person indicative)
þutīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
þutudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
þutīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
þutum (active first-person indicative plural)
þutīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
þutud (active indicative plural second-person)
þutīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
þutun (active indicative plural third-person)
þutīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
þeutandz (active participle present)
þutanaz (active participle past subjunctive)
*þūtaną (alternative)

Proto-West Germanic: *þeutan, *þūtan
Old English: þēotan, þūtan
Old High German: diozan
Middle High German: diezen

Old Norse: þjóta
Icelandic: þjóta
Norwegian:
Norwegian Bokmål: tyte
Norwegian Nynorsk: tyta, tyte
Old Swedish: þiuta
Swedish: tjuta

Unknown. Possibly imitative.
Compare similar onomatopoeias in other Indo-European languages: Latin tutubō (“to cry (of an owl)”), Ancient Greek τυτώ (tutṓ, “a kind of owl”), Lithuanian tutúoti (“to blow, pipe”).

onomatopoeic

imitative


stūpaną

stūpō (active first-person indicative singular)
stūpaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
stūpai (first-person indicative passive singular)
stūpizi (active indicative second-person singular)
stūpaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
stūp (active imperative second-person singular)
stūpazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
stūpaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
stūpidi (active indicative singular third-person)
stūpai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
stūpadau (active imperative singular third-person)
stūpadai (indicative passive singular third-person)
stūpaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
stūpōz (active dual first-person indicative)
stūpaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
stūpadiz (active dual indicative second-person)
stūpaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
stūpadiz (active dual imperative second-person)
stūpamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
stūpaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
stūpandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
stūpaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
stūpid (active indicative plural second-person)
stūpaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
stūpid (active imperative plural second-person)
stūpandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
stūpaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
stūpandi (active indicative plural third-person)
stūpain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
stūpandau (active imperative plural third-person)
stūpandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
stūpaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
staup (active first-person indicative singular)
stupį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
stauft (active indicative second-person singular)
stupīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
staup (active indicative singular third-person)
stupī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
stupū (active dual first-person indicative)
stupīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
stupudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
stupīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
stupum (active first-person indicative plural)
stupīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
stupud (active indicative plural second-person)
stupīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
stupun (active indicative plural third-person)
stupīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
stūpandz (active participle present)
stupanaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *stūpan

Old Dutch: *stūpan

Middle Dutch: stupen

Dutch: stuipen

desctree

Old English: stūpian
Middle English: stoupen, stoup, stoupe, stowpe, stowppe, stupen, stupin (Early Middle English), stoupi (Kent)
English: stoop (obsolete stoup)
Middle Scots: stoup

Old Norse: stúpa

Icelandic: stúpa

Norwegian:

Bokmål: stupe

Nynorsk: stupa, stupe

Swedish: stupa

Proto-Indo-European phonology#Labials and coronals

Related to *staupaz (“steep”) and *staupijaną (“to pour”), thus seeming to reflect a pre-Germanic root *stewb-. However, the rarity of *b in Proto-Indo-European and cognates such as Latin stupeō (“to be stunned”) make it more likely that the root was *stewp- (“to push, hit, knock”) with a semantic shift to “fall (over)”, and so Germanic *steup-, *stūp- could have been back-formed from earlier *stupp-, from pre-Germanic *stup-né(h₂)-; this process has been used to explain many other instances of root-final *p in Germanic. Compare also Proto-Germanic *stubbô, *stubbaz (“stump, stub”).
Kroonen derives the Germanic from a homophonous root *stewp- (“to stoop, bend”), implicitly considering it etymologically separate from the "push, hit" sense above, and adduces only Welsh ystum (“a bend, turn”), Breton stumm (“idem”) as cognates.


skrīkijaną

skrīkijō (active first-person indicative singular)
skrīkijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
skrīkijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
skrīkīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
skrīkijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
skrīkī (active imperative second-person singular)
skrīkijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
skrīkijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
skrīkīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
skrīkijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
skrīkijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
skrīkijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
skrīkijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
skrīkijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
skrīkijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
skrīkijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
skrīkijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
skrīkijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
skrīkijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
skrīkijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
skrīkijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
skrīkijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
skrīkīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
skrīkijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
skrīkīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
skrīkijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
skrīkijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
skrīkijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
skrīkijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
skrīkijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
skrīkijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
skrīkijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
skrīkidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
skrīkidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
skrīkidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
skrīkidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
skrīkidē (active indicative singular third-person)
skrīkidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
skrīkidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
skrīkidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
skrīkidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
skrīkidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
skrīkidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
skrīkidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
skrīkidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
skrīkidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
skrīkidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
skrīkidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
skrīkijandz (active participle present)
skrīkidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *skrīkijan
Old English: *sċrīċan
Middle English: schrichen

Old Norse: skríkja

Icelandic: skríkja

Norwegian:

Bokmål: skrike

Nynorsk: skrika, skrike

Swedish: skrika

Danish: skrige

→ Middle English: skriken (perhaps from skrækja instead)

English: shriek, screech

Related to *skrīhaną (“to shout, scream”)


hūlōną

hūlō (active first-person indicative singular)
hūlǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
hūlōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
hūlōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
hūlōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
hūlō (active imperative second-person singular)
hūlōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
hūlōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
hūlōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
hūlō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
hūlōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
hūlōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
hūlōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
hūlōs (active dual first-person indicative)
hūlōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
hūlōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
hūlōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
hūlōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
hūlōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
hūlōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
hūlōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
hūlōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
hūlōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
hūlōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
hūlōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
hūlōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
hūlōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
hūlōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
hūlōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
hūlōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
hūlōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
hūlōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
hūlōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
hūlōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
hūlōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
hūlōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
hūlōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
hūlōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
hūlōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
hūlōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
hūlōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
hūlōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
hūlōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
hūlōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
hūlōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
hūlōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
hūlōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
hūlōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
hūlōndz (active participle present)
hūlōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

From Proto-Indo-European *kū-, *kew- (“to howl, scream”).