furhtijaną

furhtijō (active first-person indicative singular)
furhtijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
furhtijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
furhtīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
furhtijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
furhtī (active imperative second-person singular)
furhtijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
furhtijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
furhtīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
furhtijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
furhtijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
furhtijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
furhtijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
furhtijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
furhtijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
furhtijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
furhtijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
furhtijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
furhtijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
furhtijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
furhtijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
furhtijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
furhtīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
furhtijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
furhtīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
furhtijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
furhtijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
furhtijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
furhtijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
furhtijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
furhtijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
furhtijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
furhtidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
furhtidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
furhtidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
furhtidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
furhtidē (active indicative singular third-person)
furhtidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
furhtidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
furhtidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
furhtidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
furhtidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
furhtidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
furhtidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
furhtidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
furhtidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
furhtidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
furhtidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
furhtijandz (active participle present)
furhtidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *furhtijan
Old English: fyrhtan
Middle English: frighten, friȝten, fyrten
English: fright (verb) (archaic)
Scots: fricht
Old Saxon: forhtian
Middle Low German: vörchten, vröchten, vörchten, vrüchten, vürchten
German Low German: fürchten
Old Dutch: *forhten, *furhten
Middle Dutch: vruchten
Dutch: vruchten
Old High German: furhten, forhten, forahten
Middle High German: vurchten
German: fürchten
Luxembourgish: fäerten

Gothic: 𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌷𐍄𐌾𐌰𐌽 (faurhtjan)

A union of two related formations, a factitive from *furhtaz (“fearful, afraid”) + *-janą and denominative *furhtō (“fright, fear”) + *-janą.


garwijaną

garwijō (active first-person indicative singular)
garwijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
garwijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
garwīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
garwijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
garwī (active imperative second-person singular)
garwijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
garwijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
garwīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
garwijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
garwijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
garwijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
garwijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
garwijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
garwijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
garwijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
garwijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
garwijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
garwijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
garwijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
garwijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
garwijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
garwīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
garwijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
garwīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
garwijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
garwijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
garwijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
garwijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
garwijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
garwijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
garwijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
garwidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
garwidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
garwidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
garwidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
garwidē (active indicative singular third-person)
garwidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
garwidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
garwidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
garwidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
garwidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
garwidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
garwidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
garwidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
garwidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
garwidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
garwidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
garwijandz (active participle present)
garwidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *garwijan
Old English: ġierwan, ġyrwan — Late West Saxon
⇒ Middle English: bigeored
Old Saxon: gerwian, garwian
Middle Low German: gerwen
→ Danish: garve
→ Norwegian Bokmål: garve
→ Norwegian Nynorsk: garve, garva
→ Swedish: garva
Old Dutch: gerwen
Middle Dutch: gerwen, geerwen, geruwen, gaerwen
Dutch: gerven
Old High German: garwen, garawen
Middle High German: gerwen, garwen, gerben
German: gerben
Luxembourgish: gierwen

Old Norse: gera, gerva, gøra, gørva, gjǫra, gjǫrva, gǫra, gǫrva
Icelandic: gjöra, gera
Faroese: gera
Norwegian Nynorsk: gjera, gjere; (dialectal) gjårå, gjara, gjøra, gjørå, gjørø
Jamtish: gjara
Elfdalian: djärå
Old Swedish: gø̄ra, gæra, giora
Swedish: göra
Old Danish: gøræ
Danish: gøre
Norwegian Bokmål: gjøre
Scanian: gøra
Old Gutnish: giera
Gutnish: gyre, gäre
→ Middle English: gerren, garren, garen
English: gar
Scots: gar

From *garwaz (“ready, prepared”) + *-janą.


lausijaną

lausijō (active first-person indicative singular)
lausijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
lausijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
lausīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
lausijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
lausī (active imperative second-person singular)
lausijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
lausijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
lausīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
lausijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
lausijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
lausijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
lausijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
lausijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
lausijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
lausijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
lausijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
lausijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
lausijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
lausijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
lausijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
lausijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
lausīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
lausijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
lausīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
lausijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
lausijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
lausijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
lausijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
lausijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
lausijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
lausijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
lausidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
lausidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
lausidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
lausidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
lausidē (active indicative singular third-person)
lausidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
lausidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
lausidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
lausidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
lausidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
lausidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
lausidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
lausidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
lausidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
lausidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
lausidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
lausijandz (active participle present)
lausidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *lausijan
Old English: līesan
Middle English: lesen
Scots: leese, lease
English: leese, lease
Old Frisian: lēsa
Saterland Frisian: leze
Old Saxon: lōsian
Middle Low German: lôsen, lö̂sen, loesen, loysen, lössen
German Low German: lösen
Old Dutch: lōsen
Middle Dutch: lôsen
Dutch: lozen
Old High German: lōsen, lossan
Middle High German: losen
German: lösen
Luxembourgish: léisen
Yiddish: לייזן (leyzn)

Old Norse: leysa

Icelandic: leysa

Faroese: loysa

Norwegian Nynorsk: løysa

→ Norwegian Bokmål: løyse

Old Swedish: lø̄sa

Swedish: lösa

Old Danish: løsæ

Danish: løse

Norwegian Bokmål: løse

→ Finnish: löysä

Gutnish: lausa

Ostrobothnian: löis’

Gothic: 𐌻𐌰𐌿𐍃𐌾𐌰𐌽 (lausjan)


fraleusaną

fraleusō (active first-person indicative singular)
fraleusaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
fraleusai (first-person indicative passive singular)
fraliusizi (active indicative second-person singular)
fraleusaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
fraleus (active imperative second-person singular)
fraleusazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
fraleusaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
fraliusidi (active indicative singular third-person)
fraleusai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
fraleusadau (active imperative singular third-person)
fraleusadai (indicative passive singular third-person)
fraleusaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
fraleusōz (active dual first-person indicative)
fraleusaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
fraleusadiz (active dual indicative second-person)
fraleusaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
fraleusadiz (active dual imperative second-person)
fraleusamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
fraleusaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
fraleusandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
fraleusaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
fraliusid (active indicative plural second-person)
fraleusaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
fraliusid (active imperative plural second-person)
fraleusandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
fraleusaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
fraleusandi (active indicative plural third-person)
fraleusain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
fraleusandau (active imperative plural third-person)
fraleusandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
fraleusaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
fralaus (active first-person indicative singular)
fraluzį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
fralaust (active indicative second-person singular)
fraluzīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
fralaus (active indicative singular third-person)
fraluzī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
fraluzū (active dual first-person indicative)
fraluzīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
fraluzudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
fraluzīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
fraluzum (active first-person indicative plural)
fraluzīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
fraluzud (active indicative plural second-person)
fraluzīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
fraluzun (active indicative plural third-person)
fraluzīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
fraleusandz (active participle present)
fraluzanaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *fraleusan
Old English: forlēosan
Middle English: forlesen
English: forlese
Old Frisian: forliāsa
Saterland Frisian: ferljoose
West Frisian: ferlieze
Old Saxon: farliosan
Middle Low German: vorlêsen
German Low German: verlesen
→ Swedish: förlora (from the past participle)
Old Dutch: farliesan
Middle Dutch: verliesen
Dutch: verliezen
Afrikaans: verloor (from the past participle)
Limburgish: verleze
Old High German: firliosan
Middle High German: verliesen
Cimbrian: vorliiran, borliiran (Mezzaselva)
German: verlieren
Kölsch: verliere
Luxembourgish: verléieren
Pennsylvania German: verliere
Swabian: verliera
Yiddish: פֿאַרלירן (farlirn)

Gothic: 𐍆𐍂𐌰𐌻𐌹𐌿𐍃𐌰𐌽 (fraliusan)


warmijaną

warmijō (active first-person indicative singular)
warmijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
warmijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
warmīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
warmijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
warmī (active imperative second-person singular)
warmijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
warmijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
warmīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
warmijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
warmijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
warmijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
warmijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
warmijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
warmijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
warmijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
warmijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
warmijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
warmijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
warmijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
warmijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
warmijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
warmīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
warmijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
warmīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
warmijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
warmijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
warmijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
warmijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
warmijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
warmijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
warmijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
warmidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
warmidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
warmidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
warmidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
warmidē (active indicative singular third-person)
warmidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
warmidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
warmidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
warmidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
warmidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
warmidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
warmidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
warmidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
warmidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
warmidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
warmidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
warmijandz (active participle present)
warmidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *warmijan
Old English: wierman, wyrman, werman, wirman, wærman, uearman
Middle English: wermen, warmen (merged with descendant of Old English wearmian)
English: warm
Scots: warm, wairm
Old Saxon: warmian, wermian
Middle Low German: warmen, wermen
German Low German: warmen
Old Dutch: *wermen
Middle Dutch: wermen, warmen
Dutch: warmen
Old High German: wermen
Middle High German: wermen
German: wärmen
Hunsrik: wäärme
Luxembourgish: wiermen

Old Norse: verma

Icelandic: verma

Faroese: verma

Old Swedish: værma

Swedish: värma

Gothic: 𐍅𐌰𐍂𐌼𐌾𐌰𐌽 (warmjan)


laistijaną

laistijō (active first-person indicative singular)
laistijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
laistijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
laistīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
laistijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
laistī (active imperative second-person singular)
laistijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
laistijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
laistīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
laistijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
laistijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
laistijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
laistijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
laistijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
laistijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
laistijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
laistijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
laistijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
laistijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
laistijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
laistijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
laistijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
laistīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
laistijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
laistīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
laistijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
laistijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
laistijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
laistijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
laistijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
laistijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
laistijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
laistidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
laistidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
laistidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
laistidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
laistidē (active indicative singular third-person)
laistidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
laistidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
laistidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
laistidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
laistidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
laistidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
laistidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
laistidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
laistidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
laistidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
laistidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
laistijandz (active participle present)
laistidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *laistijan
Old English: lǣstan
Middle English: lasten, lesten
English: last
Scots: lest
Old Frisian: lāsta, lēsta
North Frisian: laste
Old Saxon: lēstian
Middle Low German: lêsten, leisten
German Low German: leisten
Old Dutch: *lēsten
Middle Dutch: lêesten
Dutch: leesten
Old High German: leisten
Middle High German: leisten
German: leisten
Luxembourgish: leeschten

Gothic: 𐌻𐌰𐌹𐍃𐍄𐌾𐌰𐌽 (laistjan)

From *laistaz (“track, trace, footprint”) + *-janą.


wrōgijaną

wrōgijō (active first-person indicative singular)
wrōgijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
wrōgijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
wrōgīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
wrōgijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
wrōgī (active imperative second-person singular)
wrōgijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
wrōgijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
wrōgīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
wrōgijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
wrōgijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
wrōgijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
wrōgijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
wrōgijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
wrōgijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
wrōgijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
wrōgijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
wrōgijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
wrōgijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
wrōgijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
wrōgijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
wrōgijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
wrōgīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
wrōgijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
wrōgīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
wrōgijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
wrōgijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
wrōgijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
wrōgijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
wrōgijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
wrōgijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
wrōgijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
wrōgidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
wrōgidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
wrōgidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
wrōgidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
wrōgidē (active indicative singular third-person)
wrōgidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
wrōgidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
wrōgidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
wrōgidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
wrōgidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
wrōgidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
wrōgidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
wrōgidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
wrōgidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
wrōgidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
wrōgidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
wrōgijandz (active participle present)
wrōgidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *wrōgijan
Old English: wrēġan
Middle English: wreyen, wrayen
Scots: wre, wry, wray
Old Frisian: wrēia
Old Saxon: wrōgian
Middle Low German: wrȫgen, wrugen, rȫgen
German Low German: wrögen
Old Dutch: *wruogen
Middle Dutch: wroegen
Dutch: wroegen
Old High German: ruogen
Middle High German: ruogen
German: rügen

Old Norse: rǿgja

Icelandic: rægja

Old Swedish: rø̄ghia

Swedish: röja

Gothic: 𐍅𐍂𐍉𐌷𐌾𐌰𐌽 (wrōhjan)

From Proto-Indo-European *wrōk- (“speech, complaint”), from Proto-Indo-European *werh₁- (“to speak, say, tell”). Cognate with Russian врать (vratʹ, “to lie, fib”).


hazjaną

hazjō (active first-person indicative singular)
hazjaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
hazjai (first-person indicative passive singular)
hazisi (active indicative second-person singular)
hazjais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
hazi (active imperative second-person singular)
hazjasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
hazjaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
haziþi (active indicative singular third-person)
hazjai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
hazjaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
hazjaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
hazjaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
hazjōs (active dual first-person indicative)
hazjaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
hazjaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
hazjaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
hazjaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
hazjamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
hazjaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
hazjanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
hazjainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
haziþ (active indicative plural second-person)
hazjaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
haziþ (active imperative plural second-person)
hazjanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
hazjainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
hazjanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
hazjain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
hazjanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
hazjanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
hazjainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
hazidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
hazidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
hazidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
hazidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
hazidē (active indicative singular third-person)
hazidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
hazidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
hazidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
hazidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
hazidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
hazidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
hazidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
hazidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
hazidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
hazidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
hazidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
hazjandz (active participle present)
hazidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *haʀjan
Old English: herian
Middle English: herien, heryen
English: herry
⇒ Middle English: hersen
Old English: hyrian
Old Saxon: *herian
Middle Low German: hēren
Old High German: heren

Gothic: 𐌷𐌰𐌶𐌾𐌰𐌽 (hazjan)

⇒ Gothic: 𐌷𐌰𐌶𐌴𐌹𐌽𐍃 (hazeins)

From Proto-Indo-European *ḱh₁s-ié, derived from *ḱeh₁s- (“to call, to command, to instruct”).
Related to Sanskrit शस्ति (śasti, “praise, command”), Avestan 𐬯𐬁𐬯𐬙𐬎 (sāstu, “to teach”) and Old Armenian սաստ (sast, “scolding, rebuke”).


huljaną

huljō (active first-person indicative singular)
huljaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
huljai (first-person indicative passive singular)
hulisi (active indicative second-person singular)
huljais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
huli (active imperative second-person singular)
huljasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
huljaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
huliþi (active indicative singular third-person)
huljai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
huljaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
huljaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
huljaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
huljōs (active dual first-person indicative)
huljaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
huljaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
huljaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
huljaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
huljamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
huljaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
huljanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
huljainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
huliþ (active indicative plural second-person)
huljaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
huliþ (active imperative plural second-person)
huljanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
huljainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
huljanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
huljain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
huljanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
huljanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
huljainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
hulidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
hulidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
hulidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
hulidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
hulidē (active indicative singular third-person)
hulidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
hulidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
hulidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
hulidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
hulidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
hulidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
hulidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
hulidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
hulidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
hulidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
hulidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
huljandz (active participle present)
hulidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *hulljan
Old English: hyllan
Old Frisian: hella
Old Saxon: *hullian
German Low German: hüllen
Old Dutch: *hullen
Middle Dutch: hullen
Dutch: hullen
Afrikaans: hul
Old High German: hullen
German: hüllen

Old Norse: hylja

Icelandic: hylja

Faroese: hylja

Old Swedish: hylia

Swedish: hölja

Old Danish: hyliæ, hylæ, hyllæ

Danish: hylle

Gutnish: hyla

→ Middle English: hilen
English: hill

Gothic: 𐌷𐌿𐌻𐌾𐌰𐌽 (huljan)

Zero-grade present, pre-Germanic *ḱl̥ye/o-, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱel- (“to hide”), the root of *helaną (“to hide, conceal”).


saljaną

saljō (active first-person indicative singular)
saljaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
saljai (first-person indicative passive singular)
salisi (active indicative second-person singular)
saljais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
sali (active imperative second-person singular)
saljasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
saljaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
saliþi (active indicative singular third-person)
saljai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
saljaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
saljaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
saljaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
saljōs (active dual first-person indicative)
saljaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
saljaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
saljaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
saljaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
saljamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
saljaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
saljanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
saljainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
saliþ (active indicative plural second-person)
saljaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
saliþ (active imperative plural second-person)
saljanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
saljainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
saljanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
saljain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
saljanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
saljanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
saljainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
salidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
salidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
salidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
salidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
salidē (active indicative singular third-person)
salidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
salidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
salidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
salidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
salidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
salidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
salidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
salidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
salidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
salidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
salidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
saljandz (active participle present)
salidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *salljan (“to hand over, sell”)
Old English: sellan, siellan, syllan
Middle English: sellen
English: sell
→ Dutch: sellen
Scots: sell
Old Frisian: sella
North Frisian: selle
Old Saxon: sellian (“to offer, give”)
Middle Low German: sellen
Low German: sellen
Old Dutch: *sellen
Middle Dutch: sellen
Old High German: sellen (“to hand over, betray”)
Middle High German: sellen
German: sellen (obsolete)

Old Norse: selja (“to hand over, sell”)

Icelandic: selja

Faroese: selja (“to sell, let go of”)

Norwegian Bokmål: selge

Norwegian Nynorsk: selja, selje

Russenorsk: sælom

Old Swedish: sælia

Swedish: sälja

Old Danish: sæliæ, sælæ

Danish: sælge

Elfdalian: sela

Gutnish: säle

desc

Gothic: 𐍃𐌰𐌻𐌾𐌰𐌽 (saljan, “to pay tribute, offer”)

→ Proto-Finnic: *sallidak (“to allow”) (see there for further descendants)

A causative formation from Proto-Indo-European *selh₁- (“to take”), either inherited from Proto-Indo-European *solh₁-éye-ti (“to let take”, causative) or derived within Proto-Germanic from an unattested *selaną (“to take”) + *-janą (causative suffix).


warjaną

warjō (active first-person indicative singular)
warjaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
warjai (first-person indicative passive singular)
warisi (active indicative second-person singular)
warjais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
wari (active imperative second-person singular)
warjasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
warjaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
wariþi (active indicative singular third-person)
warjai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
warjaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
warjaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
warjaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
warjōs (active dual first-person indicative)
warjaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
warjaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
warjaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
warjaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
warjamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
warjaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
warjanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
warjainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
wariþ (active indicative plural second-person)
warjaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
wariþ (active imperative plural second-person)
warjanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
warjainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
warjanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
warjain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
warjanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
warjanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
warjainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
waridǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
waridēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
waridēz (active indicative second-person singular)
waridēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
waridē (active indicative singular third-person)
waridēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
waridēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
waridēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
waridēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
waridēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
waridēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
waridēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
waridēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
waridēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
waridēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
waridēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
warjandz (active participle present)
waridaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *warjan
Old English: werian
Middle English: werien, weren
English: weir, wear (“to guard, watch, defend”)
Scots: were, wer, weir
Old Frisian: weria
Old Saxon: werian
Middle Low German: weren
Low German: wehren
→ Polabian: varo
Old Dutch: werien
Middle Dutch: weren
Dutch: weren
Limburgish: waere
Old High German: werien
Middle High German: weren, wern
Cimbrian: bèaran
German: wehren
Luxembourgish: wieren
→ Vulgar Latin: *wariō
Old French: guarir (see there for further descendants)
Piedmontese: guarì, varì
Italian: guarire
Old Occitan: garir, guarir
Old Catalan: guarir, garir, guayrir, gorir
Catalan: guarir
Occitan: garir
West Iberian
Old Galician-Portuguese: guarir
Galician: gorir, guarir
Old Spanish: guarir
Spanish: guarir
→ Vulgar Latin: *warantus
Old French: garant (see there for further descendants)
⇒ Vulgar Latin: *warantire
Old French: guarantir (see there for further descendants)
⇒ Vulgar Latin: *warantia
Old French: guarantie (see there for further descendants)

Old Norse: verja
Icelandic: verja
Faroese: verja
Norwegian Nynorsk: verja
Old Swedish: væria
Swedish: värja
Old Danish: wæriæ
Danish: værge
Norwegian Bokmål: verge

Gothic: 𐍅𐌰𐍂𐌾𐌰𐌽 (warjan)

→ Proto-Finnic: *varjat'ak (see there for further descendants)

From Proto-Indo-European *wer- (“to heed”). Cognate with Sanskrit वृणोति (vṛṇóti, “to cover, stop”).


siwjaną

siwjō (active first-person indicative singular)
siwjaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
siwjai (first-person indicative passive singular)
siwisi (active indicative second-person singular)
siwjais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
siwi (active imperative second-person singular)
siwjasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
siwjaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
siwiþi (active indicative singular third-person)
siwjai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
siwjaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
siwjaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
siwjaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
siwjōs (active dual first-person indicative)
siwjaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
siwjaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
siwjaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
siwjaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
siwjamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
siwjaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
siwjanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
siwjainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
siwiþ (active indicative plural second-person)
siwjaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
siwiþ (active imperative plural second-person)
siwjanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
siwjainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
siwjanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
siwjain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
siwjanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
siwjanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
siwjainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
siwidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
siwidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
siwidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
siwidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
siwidē (active indicative singular third-person)
siwidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
siwidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
siwidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
siwidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
siwidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
siwidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
siwidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
siwidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
siwidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
siwidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
siwidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
siwjandz (active participle present)
siwidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *siuwjan
Old English: siwian, seowian, sēowan
Middle English: sewen, seowen, sowen
English: sew
→ Akolet: sewim
Scots: sew
Old Frisian: sīa
North Frisian: saie, seie, siie, sei
Saterland Frisian: säie
Old Saxon: siuwian
Middle Low German: suwen
Old High German: siuwen
Middle High German: siuwen

Old Norse: sýja
Danish: sy
Icelandic: sýja
Norwegian: sy
Swedish: sy

Gothic: 𐍃𐌹𐌿𐌾𐌰𐌽 (siujan)

From Proto-Indo-European *syewh₁- (“to sew”). Cognate with Proto-Slavic *šiti (“to sew”) (whence Russian шить (šitʹ)) and with Lithuanian siū́ti (“to sew”).


karōną

karō (active first-person indicative singular)
karǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
karōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
karōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
karōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
karō (active imperative second-person singular)
karōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
karōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
karōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
karō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
karōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
karōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
karōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
karōs (active dual first-person indicative)
karōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
karōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
karōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
karōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
karōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
karōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
karōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
karōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
karōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
karōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
karōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
karōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
karōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
karōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
karōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
karōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
karōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
karōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
karōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
karōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
karōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
karōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
karōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
karōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
karōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
karōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
karōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
karōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
karōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
karōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
karōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
karōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
karōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
karōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
karōndz (active participle present)
karōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *karōn
Old English: carian
Middle English: caren
English: care
Scots: care, cair
Old Saxon: karōn
Old High German: karōn, charōn
Middle High German: karen, karn (“to mourn, wail, lament”)

Gothic: 𐌺𐌰𐍂𐍉𐌽 (karōn)

From *karō (“complaint, lament, worry”) + *-ōną.


laþōną

laþō (active first-person indicative singular)
laþǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
laþōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
laþōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
laþōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
laþō (active imperative second-person singular)
laþōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
laþōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
laþōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
laþō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
laþōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
laþōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
laþōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
laþōs (active dual first-person indicative)
laþōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
laþōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
laþōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
laþōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
laþōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
laþōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
laþōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
laþōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
laþōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
laþōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
laþōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
laþōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
laþōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
laþōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
laþōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
laþōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
laþōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
laþōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
laþōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
laþōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
laþōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
laþōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
laþōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
laþōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
laþōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
laþōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
laþōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
laþōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
laþōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
laþōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
laþōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
laþōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
laþōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
laþōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
laþōndz (active participle present)
laþōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *laþōn
Old English: laþian
Middle English: lathen
English: lathe, laith
Old Frisian: lathia, ladia
Saterland Frisian: leede (in íenleede)
Old Saxon: lathon, laðon, laðian
Middle Low German: lāden
Low German: laden
Old Dutch: lathon
Middle Dutch: lāden
Dutch: laden
Old High German: ladōn
Middle High German: laden
German: laden (chiefly einladen, vorladen) (fully conflated with *hlaþaną)

Old Norse: laða

Icelandic: laða

Gothic: 𐌻𐌰𐌸𐍉𐌽 (laþōn)

/ˈlɑ.θɔː.nɑ̃/


sibjōną

sibjō (active first-person indicative singular)
sibjǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
sibjōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
sibjōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
sibjōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
sibjō (active imperative second-person singular)
sibjōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
sibjōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
sibjōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
sibjō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
sibjōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
sibjōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
sibjōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
sibjōs (active dual first-person indicative)
sibjōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
sibjōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
sibjōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
sibjōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
sibjōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
sibjōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
sibjōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
sibjōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
sibjōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
sibjōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
sibjōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
sibjōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
sibjōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
sibjōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
sibjōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
sibjōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
sibjōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
sibjōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
sibjōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
sibjōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
sibjōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
sibjōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
sibjōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
sibjōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
sibjōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
sibjōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
sibjōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
sibjōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
sibjōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
sibjōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
sibjōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
sibjōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
sibjōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
sibjōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
sibjōndz (active participle present)
sibjōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *sibbjōn
Old English: sibbian
Middle English: *sibben, *sibbien
English: sib
Old High German: sibbon
Middle High German: sippen
German: sippen

Gothic: *𐍃𐌹𐌱𐌾𐍉𐌽 (*sibjōn)

Gothic: 𐌲𐌰𐍃𐌹𐌱𐌾𐍉𐌽 (gasibjōn)

From *sibjō (“friendship, kinship”) + *-ōną.


fiskōną

fiskō (active first-person indicative singular)
fiskǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
fiskōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
fiskōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
fiskōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
fiskō (active imperative second-person singular)
fiskōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
fiskōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
fiskōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
fiskō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
fiskōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
fiskōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
fiskōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
fiskōs (active dual first-person indicative)
fiskōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
fiskōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
fiskōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
fiskōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
fiskōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
fiskōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
fiskōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
fiskōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
fiskōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
fiskōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
fiskōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
fiskōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
fiskōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
fiskōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
fiskōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
fiskōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
fiskōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
fiskōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
fiskōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
fiskōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
fiskōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
fiskōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
fiskōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
fiskōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
fiskōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
fiskōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
fiskōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
fiskōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
fiskōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
fiskōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
fiskōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
fiskōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
fiskōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
fiskōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
fiskōndz (active participle present)
fiskōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *fiskōn
Old English: fiscian
Middle English: fisshen, fischen, fissen
English: fish
Old Frisian: fiskia
Saterland Frisian: fiskje
West Frisian: fiskje
Old Saxon: fiskon
Middle Low German: vischen
Plautdietsch: feschen
Old Dutch: *fiscon
Middle Dutch: visschen
Dutch: vissen
Afrikaans: vis
Jersey Dutch: fässe
Negerhollands: fes, fis
→? Sranan Tongo: fisi
→ Lokono: fishidin
Limburgish: vèsse, visje, vèsje, vösje
Old High German: fiskon
Middle High German: vischen
German: fischen
Luxembourgish: fëschen
Yiddish: פֿישן (fishn)

Old Norse: fiska

Icelandic: fiska

Faroese: fiska

Norwegian Nynorsk: fiska

Elfdalian: fistşa

Swedish: fiska

Danish: fiske

Norwegian Bokmål: fiske

Gutnish: fiske, fisk', fiska

Gothic: 𐍆𐌹𐍃𐌺𐍉𐌽 (fiskōn)


sweglōną

sweglō (active first-person indicative singular)
sweglǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
sweglōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
sweglōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
sweglōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
sweglō (active imperative second-person singular)
sweglōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
sweglōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
sweglōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
sweglō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
sweglōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
sweglōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
sweglōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
sweglōs (active dual first-person indicative)
sweglōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
sweglōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
sweglōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
sweglōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
sweglōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
sweglōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
sweglōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
sweglōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
sweglōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
sweglōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
sweglōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
sweglōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
sweglōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
sweglōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
sweglōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
sweglōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
sweglōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
sweglōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
sweglōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
sweglōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
sweglōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
sweglōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
sweglōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
sweglōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
sweglōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
sweglōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
sweglōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
sweglōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
sweglōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
sweglōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
sweglōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
sweglōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
sweglōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
sweglōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
sweglōndz (active participle present)
sweglōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *sweglōn
Old High German: *swegalōn
Middle High German: swegelen, sweglen
German: schwegeln

Gothic: 𐍃𐍅𐌹𐌲𐌻𐍉𐌽 (swiglōn)


aljaną

aljō (active first-person indicative singular)
aljaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
aljai (first-person indicative passive singular)
alisi (active indicative second-person singular)
aljais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
ali (active imperative second-person singular)
aljasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
aljaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
aliþi (active indicative singular third-person)
aljai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
aljaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
aljaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
aljaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
aljōs (active dual first-person indicative)
aljaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
aljaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
aljaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
aljaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
aljamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
aljaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
aljanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
aljainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
aliþ (active indicative plural second-person)
aljaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
aliþ (active imperative plural second-person)
aljanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
aljainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
aljanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
aljain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
aljanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
aljanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
aljainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
alidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
alidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
alidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
alidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
alidē (active indicative singular third-person)
alidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
alidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
alidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
alidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
alidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
alidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
alidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
alidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
alidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
alidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
alidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
aljandz (active participle present)
alidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Gothic: 𐌰𐌻𐌾𐌰𐌽 (aljan)


aljanōną

aljanō (active first-person indicative singular)
aljanǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
aljanōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
aljanōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
aljanōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
aljanō (active imperative second-person singular)
aljanōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
aljanōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
aljanōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
aljanō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
aljanōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
aljanōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
aljanōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
aljanōs (active dual first-person indicative)
aljanōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
aljanōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
aljanōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
aljanōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
aljanōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
aljanōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
aljanōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
aljanōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
aljanōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
aljanōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
aljanōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
aljanōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
aljanōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
aljanōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
aljanōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
aljanōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
aljanōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
aljanōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
aljanōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
aljanōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
aljanōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
aljanōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
aljanōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
aljanōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
aljanōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
aljanōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
aljanōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
aljanōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
aljanōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
aljanōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
aljanōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
aljanōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
aljanōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
aljanōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
aljanōndz (active participle present)
aljanōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *alljanōn
Old English: elnian
Middle English: elnen
English: elne
Old High German: ellanōn, ellenōn, *ellinōn
⇒ Old High German: ellanāri, ellināri

Old Norse: elna

Icelandic: elna

Gothic: 𐌰𐌻𐌾𐌰𐌽𐍉𐌽 (aljanōn)


immi

Proto-West Germanic: *im

Old English: eom, am — Northumbrian, eam — Mercian, West Saxon, æm, æom, iom
Middle English: am, ame, em
English: am
Scots: am
Yola: aam, am

Proto-Norse: *ᛖᛗ (*em)

Old Norse: em

Old Swedish: æm

Gothic: 𐌹𐌼 (im)

first-person singular present active indicative of *wesaną


matjaną

matjō (active first-person indicative singular)
matjaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
matjai (first-person indicative passive singular)
matisi (active indicative second-person singular)
matjais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
mati (active imperative second-person singular)
matjasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
matjaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
matiþi (active indicative singular third-person)
matjai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
matjaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
matjaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
matjaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
matjōs (active dual first-person indicative)
matjaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
matjaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
matjaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
matjaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
matjamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
matjaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
matjanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
matjainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
matiþ (active indicative plural second-person)
matjaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
matiþ (active imperative plural second-person)
matjanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
matjainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
matjanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
matjain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
matjanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
matjanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
matjainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
matidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
matidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
matidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
matidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
matidē (active indicative singular third-person)
matidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
matidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
matidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
matidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
matidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
matidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
matidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
matidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
matidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
matidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
matidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
matjandz (active participle present)
matidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Old Norse: metja

Icelandic: metja

Gothic: 𐌼𐌰𐍄𐌾𐌰𐌽 (matjan)

Vandalic: *matjan, matzia

Traditionally derived from Proto-Indo-European *m̥h₂d-yéti ~ *m̥h₂d-yónti, from *meh₂d- (“to be wet”). Equivalent to *matiz (“food”) + *-janą; see *matiz for an alternative theory.


rakjaną

rakjō (active first-person indicative singular)
rakjaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
rakjai (first-person indicative passive singular)
rakisi (active indicative second-person singular)
rakjais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
raki (active imperative second-person singular)
rakjasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
rakjaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
rakiþi (active indicative singular third-person)
rakjai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
rakjaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
rakjaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
rakjaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
rakjōs (active dual first-person indicative)
rakjaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
rakjaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
rakjaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
rakjaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
rakjamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
rakjaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
rakjanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
rakjainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
rakiþ (active indicative plural second-person)
rakjaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
rakiþ (active imperative plural second-person)
rakjanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
rakjainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
rakjanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
rakjain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
rakjanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
rakjanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
rakjainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
rakidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
rakidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
rakidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
rakidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
rakidē (active indicative singular third-person)
rakidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
rakidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
rakidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
rakidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
rakidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
rakidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
rakidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
rakidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
rakidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
rakidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
rakidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
rakjandz (active participle present)
rakidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *rakkjan
Old English: reċċean, reċċan
Middle English: recchen
English: reche, retch
Scots: rak
Old Frisian: reka, retsa
Saterland Frisian: räkke
West Frisian: rekke
Old Saxon: rekkian
Middle Low German: recken
German Low German: recken
Old Dutch: *recken
Middle Dutch: recken
Dutch: rekken
Afrikaans: rek
Limburgish: rèkke
Old High German: recchen, reckian, recken
Middle High German: recken, reken
German: recken

Old Norse: rekja

Danish: række

Norwegian Bokmål: rekke

desc

Norwegian Nynorsk: rekke, rekka, rekkje, rekkja

Old Swedish: rækkia, rækia

Swedish: räcka

Elfdalian: rättja

Gutnish: räkka

Helsingian: räkka

Hallandian: räkka

Scanian: rækka

Jamtish: rekje, reike

Gothic: *𐍂𐌰𐌺𐌾𐌰𐌽 (*rakjan)

Gothic: 𐌿𐍆𐍂𐌰𐌺𐌾𐌰𐌽 (ufrakjan)

(transitive) to stretch, straighten, straighten out


smītaną

smītō (active first-person indicative singular)
smītaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
smītai (first-person indicative passive singular)
smītizi (active indicative second-person singular)
smītaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
smīt (active imperative second-person singular)
smītazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
smītaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
smītidi (active indicative singular third-person)
smītai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
smītadau (active imperative singular third-person)
smītadai (indicative passive singular third-person)
smītaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
smītōz (active dual first-person indicative)
smītaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
smītadiz (active dual indicative second-person)
smītaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
smītadiz (active dual imperative second-person)
smītamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
smītaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
smītandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
smītaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
smītid (active indicative plural second-person)
smītaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
smītid (active imperative plural second-person)
smītandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
smītaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
smītandi (active indicative plural third-person)
smītain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
smītandau (active imperative plural third-person)
smītandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
smītaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
smait (active first-person indicative singular)
smitį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
smaist (active indicative second-person singular)
smitīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
smait (active indicative singular third-person)
smitī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
smitū (active dual first-person indicative)
smitīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
smitudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
smitīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
smitum (active first-person indicative plural)
smitīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
smitud (active indicative plural second-person)
smitīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
smitun (active indicative plural third-person)
smitīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
smītandz (active participle present)
smitanaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *smītan
Old English: smītan
Middle English: smiten
Scots: smite, smyte
English: smite
Old Frisian: smīta
Saterland Frisian: smiete
West Frisian: smite
Old Saxon: smītan
Middle Low German: smîten
Low German: smieten
Old Dutch: *smītan
Middle Dutch: smiten
Dutch: smijten
Afrikaans: smyt
Limburgish: smiete
Old High German: smīzan
Middle High German: smīzen
German: schmeißen
Hunsrik: schmeise
Luxembourgish: schmäissen

Old Norse: smíta

Swedish: smita

Danish: smide

Gothic: *𐍃𐌼𐌴𐌹𐍄𐌰𐌽 (*smeitan) (in 𐌱𐌹𐍃𐌼𐌴𐌹𐍄𐌰𐌽 (bismeitan) and 𐌲𐌰𐍃𐌼𐌴𐌹𐍄𐌰𐌽 (gasmeitan))

Perhaps from a Proto-Indo-European *smeyd- (“to smear, whick, strike, rub”), and cognate with Proto-Slavic *smědъ (“brown, dirty”), Old Armenian միծ (mic, “fetid mud”).


fraisaną

fraisō (active first-person indicative singular)
fraisaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
fraisai (first-person indicative passive singular)
fraisizi (active indicative second-person singular)
fraisaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
frais (active imperative second-person singular)
fraisazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
fraisaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
fraisidi (active indicative singular third-person)
fraisai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
fraisadau (active imperative singular third-person)
fraisadai (indicative passive singular third-person)
fraisaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
fraisōz (active dual first-person indicative)
fraisaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
fraisadiz (active dual indicative second-person)
fraisaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
fraisadiz (active dual imperative second-person)
fraisamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
fraisaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
fraisandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
fraisaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
fraisid (active indicative plural second-person)
fraisaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
fraisid (active imperative plural second-person)
fraisandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
fraisaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
fraisandi (active indicative plural third-person)
fraisain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
fraisandau (active imperative plural third-person)
fraisandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
fraisaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
fefrais (active first-person indicative singular)
fefraizį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
fefraist (active indicative second-person singular)
fefraizīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
fefrais (active indicative singular third-person)
fefraizī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
fefraizū (active dual first-person indicative)
fefraizīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
fefraizudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
fefraizīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
fefraizum (active first-person indicative plural)
fefraizīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
fefraizud (active indicative plural second-person)
fefraizīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
fefraizun (active indicative plural third-person)
fefraizīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
fraisandz (active participle present)
fraizanaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Gothic: 𐍆𐍂𐌰𐌹𐍃𐌰𐌽 (fraisan)

This old strong verb was replaced in the Northwest Germanic dialects.

(East Germanic) to attempt, to dare (something dangerous)


sterbaną

sterbō (active first-person indicative singular)
sterbaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
sterbai (first-person indicative passive singular)
stirbizi (active indicative second-person singular)
sterbaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
sterb (active imperative second-person singular)
sterbazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
sterbaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
stirbidi (active indicative singular third-person)
sterbai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
sterbadau (active imperative singular third-person)
sterbadai (indicative passive singular third-person)
sterbaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
sterbōz (active dual first-person indicative)
sterbaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
sterbadiz (active dual indicative second-person)
sterbaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
sterbadiz (active dual imperative second-person)
sterbamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
sterbaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
sterbandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
sterbaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
stirbid (active indicative plural second-person)
sterbaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
stirbid (active imperative plural second-person)
sterbandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
sterbaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
sterbandi (active indicative plural third-person)
sterbain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
sterbandau (active imperative plural third-person)
sterbandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
sterbaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
starb (active first-person indicative singular)
sturbį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
starft (active indicative second-person singular)
sturbīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
starb (active indicative singular third-person)
sturbī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
sturbū (active dual first-person indicative)
sturbīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
sturbudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
sturbīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
sturbum (active first-person indicative plural)
sturbīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
sturbud (active indicative plural second-person)
sturbīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
sturbun (active indicative plural third-person)
sturbīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
sterbandz (active participle present)
sturbanaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *sterban
Old English: steorfan
Middle English: sterven, sterve
English: starve, sterve
Scots: sterve
Old Frisian: sterva
Saterland Frisian: stíerve
West Frisian: stjerre
Old Saxon: stervan
Middle Low German: sterven, starven
Low German: staarven, stiärven, starven, sterven
Plautdietsch: stoawen
Old Dutch: stervan
Middle Dutch: sterven
Dutch: sterven
Afrikaans: sterf, sterwe
Limburgish: stèrve
Old High German: sterban
Middle High German: sterben
Alemannic German: steerbe, sterbe
Bavarian: sterbn
German: sterben
Hunsrik: sterrve
Luxembourgish: stierwen
Yiddish: שטאַרבן (shtarbn)

Old Norse: styrfinn, stirfinn (past participle adjective)

Icelandic: stirfinn

Faroese: stirvin

From Proto-Indo-European *sterbʰ- (“to be stiff, become stiff”); cognate with Ancient Greek στέρφνιος (stérphnios, “hard, firm, tight”).
Another theory derives the verb from Proto-Indo-European *(s)terp- (“to lose force; lose sensibility, become numb; be dead, be motionless”), connecting Latin torpeō.


getaną

getō (active first-person indicative singular)
getaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
getai (first-person indicative passive singular)
gitizi (active indicative second-person singular)
getaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
get (active imperative second-person singular)
getazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
getaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
gitidi (active indicative singular third-person)
getai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
getadau (active imperative singular third-person)
getadai (indicative passive singular third-person)
getaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
getōz (active dual first-person indicative)
getaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
getadiz (active dual indicative second-person)
getaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
getadiz (active dual imperative second-person)
getamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
getaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
getandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
getaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
gitid (active indicative plural second-person)
getaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
gitid (active imperative plural second-person)
getandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
getaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
getandi (active indicative plural third-person)
getain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
getandau (active imperative plural third-person)
getandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
getaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
gat (active first-person indicative singular)
gētį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
gast (active indicative second-person singular)
gētīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
gat (active indicative singular third-person)
gētī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
gētū (active dual first-person indicative)
gētīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
gētudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
gētīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
gētum (active first-person indicative plural)
gētīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
gētud (active indicative plural second-person)
gētīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
gētun (active indicative plural third-person)
gētīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
getandz (active participle present)
getanaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *getan
Old English: ġetan, ġietan
Middle English: ȝeten, yeten
English: yet, ewte (dialectal), yete (obsolete)
Scots: ȝet, yet, yat
⇒ English: yote (via past participle yoten) (dialectal)
Old Frisian: *jeta
⇒ Old Frisian: urjeta
Old High German: gezan, gezzan
Middle High German: gezzen

Old Norse: geta

Icelandic: geta

Faroese: gita

Norn: geta

Norwegian: gjete, gjeta

Old Swedish: gæta, gita

Swedish: gitta

Old Danish: getæ, gitæ

Danish: gide

Scanian: gida, gæda

Gutnish: gitte, gytte, gita

Dalecarlian: gjäta (“to say, tell”); gjätå, djätå (“to guess”)

Elfdalian: djätå, djieta (“to guess”)

→ Middle English: geten

Scots: get

English: get

From Proto-Indo-European *gʰe(n)d- (“to take, seize”). Cognate with Latin prehendō (“snatch, seize”), Ancient Greek χανδάνω (khandánō, “hold, contain”). The original meaning appears to have been "to seize an opportunity" or "to find a way".


bigetaną

bigetō (active first-person indicative singular)
bigetaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
bigetai (first-person indicative passive singular)
bigitizi (active indicative second-person singular)
bigetaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
biget (active imperative second-person singular)
bigetazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
bigetaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
bigitidi (active indicative singular third-person)
bigetai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
bigetadau (active imperative singular third-person)
bigetadai (indicative passive singular third-person)
bigetaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
bigetōz (active dual first-person indicative)
bigetaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
bigetadiz (active dual indicative second-person)
bigetaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
bigetadiz (active dual imperative second-person)
bigetamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
bigetaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
bigetandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
bigetaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
bigitid (active indicative plural second-person)
bigetaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
bigitid (active imperative plural second-person)
bigetandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
bigetaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
bigetandi (active indicative plural third-person)
bigetain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
bigetandau (active imperative plural third-person)
bigetandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
bigetaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
bigat (active first-person indicative singular)
bigētį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
bigast (active indicative second-person singular)
bigētīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
bigat (active indicative singular third-person)
bigētī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
bigētū (active dual first-person indicative)
bigētīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
bigētudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
bigētīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
bigētum (active first-person indicative plural)
bigētīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
bigētud (active indicative plural second-person)
bigētīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
bigētun (active indicative plural third-person)
bigētīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
bigetandz (active participle present)
bigetanaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *bigetan
Old English: beġietan
English: beget (influenced by Old Norse geta (“to get, to guess”))
Old Saxon: bigetan
Old Dutch: *bigetan
Middle Dutch: begēten
Old High German: bigezzan

Gothic: 𐌱𐌹𐌲𐌹𐍄𐌰𐌽 (bigitan)


glōaną

glōō (active first-person indicative singular)
glōaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
glōai (first-person indicative passive singular)
glōizi (active indicative second-person singular)
glōaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
glō (active imperative second-person singular)
glōazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
glōaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
glōidi (active indicative singular third-person)
glōai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
glōadau (active imperative singular third-person)
glōadai (indicative passive singular third-person)
glōaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
glōōz (active dual first-person indicative)
glōaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
glōadiz (active dual indicative second-person)
glōaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
glōadiz (active dual imperative second-person)
glōamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
glōaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
glōandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
glōaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
glōid (active indicative plural second-person)
glōaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
glōid (active imperative plural second-person)
glōandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
glōaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
glōandi (active indicative plural third-person)
glōain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
glōandau (active imperative plural third-person)
glōandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
glōaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
geglō (active first-person indicative singular)
geglōį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
geglōt (active indicative second-person singular)
geglōīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
geglō (active indicative singular third-person)
geglōī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
geglōū (active dual first-person indicative)
geglōīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
geglōudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
geglōīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
geglōum (active first-person indicative plural)
geglōīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
geglōud (active indicative plural second-person)
geglōīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
geglōun (active indicative plural third-person)
geglōīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
glōandz (active participle present)
glōanaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *glōan
Old English: glōwan
Middle English: glowen, gloen, glouwen, glowe, glewe, glogh
English: glow
Scots: glow
Old Frisian: *glōa, *glōia
Saterland Frisian: gloie, glöie, gluuje
West Frisian: gloeie
Old Saxon: glōian
Middle Low German: glöen, glöyen, glöjen, glôen, glôwen, glôgen
German Low German: glojen, gleuhen, gleihen
Old Dutch: *gluoien
Middle Dutch: gloeyen
Dutch: gloeien
Afrikaans: gloei
Limburgish: glöjje
Old High German: gluoen
Middle High German: glüejen
Central Franconian: jlöhe, gliehe
Luxembourgish: glousen
German: glühen
Rhine Franconian: glihe
Frankfurterisch: [kliːi̯ə]

Old Norse: glóa

Icelandic: glóa

Faroese: glógva

Norwegian Bokmål: glo

Norwegian Nynorsk: glo

Old Swedish: glōa

Swedish: glo

Danish: glo

Scanian: glowa

→⇒ Proto-Finnic: *loistadak (see there for further descendants)

/ˈɣlɔː.ɑ.nɑ̃/

From o-grade intensive Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰlóh₁-e-ti or reduplicated stative *ǵʰe-ǵʰlóh₁-e ~ *ǵʰe-ǵʰl̥h₁-ḗr, from *ǵʰleh₁- (“to shine, glow”).


ausaną

ausō (active first-person indicative singular)
ausaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
ausai (first-person indicative passive singular)
ausizi (active indicative second-person singular)
ausaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
aus (active imperative second-person singular)
ausazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
ausaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
ausidi (active indicative singular third-person)
ausai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
ausadau (active imperative singular third-person)
ausadai (indicative passive singular third-person)
ausaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
ausōz (active dual first-person indicative)
ausaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
ausadiz (active dual indicative second-person)
ausaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
ausadiz (active dual imperative second-person)
ausamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
ausaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
ausandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
ausaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
ausid (active indicative plural second-person)
ausaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
ausid (active imperative plural second-person)
ausandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
ausaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
ausandi (active indicative plural third-person)
ausain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
ausandau (active imperative plural third-person)
ausandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
ausaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
eaus (active first-person indicative singular)
eauzį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
eaust (active indicative second-person singular)
eauzīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
eaus (active indicative singular third-person)
eauzī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
eauzū (active dual first-person indicative)
eauzīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
eauzudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
eauzīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
eauzum (active first-person indicative plural)
eauzīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
eauzud (active indicative plural second-person)
eauzīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
eauzun (active indicative plural third-person)
eauzīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
ausandz (active participle present)
auzanaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *ausan
Old Saxon: *ōsan
Middle Low German: ôsen
Old Dutch: *ōsan
Middle Dutch: ôsen
Dutch: hozen (with hypercorrect h-)
Old High German: *ōsan
Middle High German: ōsen

Old Norse: ausa
Icelandic: ausa
Faroese: eysa
Norwegian Nynorsk: ausa
→ Norwegian Bokmål: ause
Dalian: (*eysa)
Dalian: åisa
Elfdalian: äsa
Old Swedish: ø̄sa
Swedish: ösa
Danish: øse
Norwegian Bokmål: øse
→ Faroese: oysa

From Proto-Indo-European *h₂ews- (“to scoop”). Probably related to Latin hauriō (“to draw, scoop up”) if the initial h- is indeed hypercorrect.


irzijaną

irzijō (active first-person indicative singular)
irzijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
irzijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
irzīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
irzijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
irzī (active imperative second-person singular)
irzijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
irzijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
irzīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
irzijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
irzijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
irzijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
irzijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
irzijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
irzijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
irzijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
irzijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
irzijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
irzijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
irzijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
irzijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
irzijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
irzīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
irzijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
irzīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
irzijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
irzijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
irzijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
irzijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
irzijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
irzijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
irzijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
irzidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
irzidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
irzidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
irzidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
irzidē (active indicative singular third-person)
irzidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
irzidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
irzidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
irzidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
irzidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
irzidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
irzidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
irzidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
irzidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
irzidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
irzidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
irzijandz (active participle present)
irzidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *irʀijan
Old Saxon: irrian, irrean
Old Dutch: irren
Middle Dutch: erren
Old High German: irren
Middle High German: irren
German: irren
→ Swedish: irra
Luxembourgish: iren

Gothic: 𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌶𐌾𐌰𐌽 (airzjan)

*irzijaz (“bewildered; erring”) + *-janą (“denominal suffix”). Cognate with Latin errō (“to wander, roam, stray, lose one's way”), Lithuanian įširsti (“to become angry, fly into passion”).


hwīlāną

hwīlō (active first-person indicative singular)
hwīlaisi (active indicative second-person singular)
hwīlai (active imperative second-person singular)
hwīlāsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
hwīlaiþi (active indicative singular third-person)
hwīlāþau (active imperative singular third-person)
hwīlāþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
hwīlōs (active dual first-person indicative)
hwīlāþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
hwīlāþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
hwīlāmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
hwīlānþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
hwīlaiþ (active indicative plural second-person)
hwīlaiþ (active imperative plural second-person)
hwīlānþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
hwīlānþi (active indicative plural third-person)
hwīlānþau (active imperative plural third-person)
hwīlānþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
hwīladǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
hwīladēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
hwīladēz (active indicative second-person singular)
hwīladēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
hwīladē (active indicative singular third-person)
hwīladēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
hwīladēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
hwīladēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
hwīladēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
hwīladēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
hwīladēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
hwīladēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
hwīladēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
hwīladēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
hwīladēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
hwīladēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
hwīlāndz (active participle present)
hwīladaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Old Norse: hvíla

Icelandic: hvíla

Faroese: hvíla

Norwegian:

Norwegian Bokmål: hvile

Norwegian Nynorsk: kvile, kvila

Old Swedish: hvīla

Swedish: vila

Old Danish: hwīla, hwilæ

Danish: hvile

→ Finnish: huilata

Gothic: 𐍈𐌴𐌹𐌻𐌰𐌽 (ƕeilān)

From *hwīlō (“while, period, pause”) + *-āną.


masōną

masō (active first-person indicative singular)
masǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
masōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
masōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
masōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
masō (active imperative second-person singular)
masōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
masōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
masōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
masō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
masōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
masōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
masōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
masōs (active dual first-person indicative)
masōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
masōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
masōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
masōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
masōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
masōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
masōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
masōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
masōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
masōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
masōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
masōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
masōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
masōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
masōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
masōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
masōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
masōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
masōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
masōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
masōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
masōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
masōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
masōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
masōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
masōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
masōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
masōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
masōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
masōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
masōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
masōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
masōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
masōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
masōndz (active participle present)
masōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *masōn

Old English: *masian

Middle English: masen

English: maze, amaze

⇒ English: bemaze

Scots: maze, amase

⇒ Old English: āmasian

Middle English: *amasen (found in past participle amased)

English: amaze

Scots: amase

Old Norse: masa

Icelandic: masa

Faroese: masa

Norwegian Nynorsk: masa

Swedish: masa

Danish: mase

Norwegian Bokmål: mase

Perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *(s)meh₂- (“to beckon, enchant”), related to Bulgarian мая (maja, “to hesitate, be amazed”).


lubōną

lubō (active first-person indicative singular)
lubǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
lubōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
lubōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
lubōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
lubō (active imperative second-person singular)
lubōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
lubōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
lubōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
lubō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
lubōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
lubōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
lubōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
lubōs (active dual first-person indicative)
lubōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
lubōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
lubōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
lubōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
lubōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
lubōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
lubōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
lubōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
lubōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
lubōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
lubōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
lubōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
lubōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
lubōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
lubōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
lubōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
lubōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
lubōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
lubōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
lubōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
lubōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
lubōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
lubōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
lubōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
lubōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
lubōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
lubōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
lubōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
lubōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
lubōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
lubōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
lubōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
lubōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
lubōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
lubōndz (active participle present)
lubōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *lobōn
Old English: lofian
Middle English: loven, love, lovon, lowe, lovien, luve, luvie, luvien (Early Middle English), lofenn (Ormulum)
English: lofe, loff, loave, love
Middle Scots: love
Scots: loave
Old Frisian: lovia
North Frisian: lowe
Saterland Frisian: loowje
West Frisian: lauwje, lauwgje; loovje (possibly from Dutch)
Old Saxon: lofōn, lovōn
Middle Low German: loven
German Low German: lowen (Westphalian), loäwen (Westphalian: Paderbornisch); loven
Old Dutch: lovon
Middle Dutch: lōven, laven (Arnhem-Nijmegen, Achterhoek, along the Meuse)
Dutch: loven
Afrikaans: loof, lowe
Old High German: lobōn, lopōn
Middle High German: loben
German: loben
Hunsrik: love
Luxembourgish: luewen
Vilamovian: łöwa
Yiddish: לויבן (loybn)

Old Norse: lofa

Icelandic: lofa

Faroese: lova

Norwegian: love

Old Swedish: lova

Swedish: lova

Danish: love

Gutnish: lo, låv