þarzijaną

þarzijō (active first-person indicative singular)
þarzijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
þarzijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
þarzīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
þarzijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
þarzī (active imperative second-person singular)
þarzijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
þarzijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
þarzīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
þarzijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
þarzijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
þarzijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
þarzijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
þarzijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
þarzijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
þarzijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
þarzijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
þarzijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
þarzijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
þarzijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
þarzijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
þarzijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
þarzīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
þarzijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
þarzīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
þarzijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
þarzijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
þarzijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
þarzijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
þarzijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
þarzijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
þarzijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
þarzidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
þarzidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
þarzidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
þarzidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
þarzidē (active indicative singular third-person)
þarzidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
þarzidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
þarzidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
þarzidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
þarzidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
þarzidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
þarzidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
þarzidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
þarzidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
þarzidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
þarzidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
þarzijandz (active participle present)
þarzidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *þarʀijan
Old High German: derren
Middle High German: derren
Cimbrian: dèrran
German: dörren
→ Old French: tarir
French: tarir

Old Norse: þerra
Icelandic: þerra
Norwegian: terra, terre

From Proto-Indo-European *torséyeti (“to make dry”). Equivalent to *þersaną + *-janą.


kawjaną

kawjō (active first-person indicative singular)
kawjaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
kawjai (first-person indicative passive singular)
kawisi (active indicative second-person singular)
kawjais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
kawi (active imperative second-person singular)
kawjasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
kawjaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
kawiþi (active indicative singular third-person)
kawjai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
kawjaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
kawjaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
kawjaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
kawjōs (active dual first-person indicative)
kawjaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
kawjaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
kawjaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
kawjaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
kawjamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
kawjaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
kawjanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
kawjainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
kawiþ (active indicative plural second-person)
kawjaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
kawiþ (active imperative plural second-person)
kawjanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
kawjainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
kawjanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
kawjain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
kawjanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
kawjanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
kawjainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
kawidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
kawidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
kawidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
kawidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
kawidē (active indicative singular third-person)
kawidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
kawidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
kawidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
kawidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
kawidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
kawidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
kawidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
kawidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
kawidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
kawidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
kawidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
kawjandz (active participle present)
kawidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *kauwjan
Old English: ċīeġan
⇒ Old English: ġeċīeġan
Middle English: ȝeciȝen, icheien
Old High German: *kewen
⇒ Old High German: gikewen

⇒ Old Norse: *kauka (< *kaukōną?)

Norwegian: kauka (dialectal)

Jamtish: kauke

Helsingian kåuka

desc

→? Proto-Finnic: *kaibait'ak (“complain; lament”) (see there for further descendants)

From Proto-Indo-European *gewH- (“to call, cry out”).


dampijaną

dampijō (active first-person indicative singular)
dampijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
dampijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
dampīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
dampijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
dampī (active imperative second-person singular)
dampijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
dampijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
dampīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
dampijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
dampijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
dampijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
dampijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
dampijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
dampijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
dampijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
dampijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
dampijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
dampijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
dampijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
dampijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
dampijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
dampīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
dampijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
dampīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
dampijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
dampijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
dampijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
dampijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
dampijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
dampijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
dampijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
dampidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
dampidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
dampidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
dampidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
dampidē (active indicative singular third-person)
dampidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
dampidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
dampidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
dampidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
dampidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
dampidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
dampidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
dampidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
dampidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
dampidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
dampidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
dampijandz (active participle present)
dampidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Old Dutch: *dempen

Middle Dutch: dempen

Dutch: dempen

Afrikaans: demp

Old High German: dempfen

Middle High German: dempfen

German: dämpfen


fraslindaną

fraslindō (active first-person indicative singular)
fraslindaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
fraslindai (first-person indicative passive singular)
fraslindizi (active indicative second-person singular)
fraslindaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
fraslind (active imperative second-person singular)
fraslindazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
fraslindaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
fraslindidi (active indicative singular third-person)
fraslindai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
fraslindadau (active imperative singular third-person)
fraslindadai (indicative passive singular third-person)
fraslindaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
fraslindōz (active dual first-person indicative)
fraslindaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
fraslindadiz (active dual indicative second-person)
fraslindaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
fraslindadiz (active dual imperative second-person)
fraslindamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
fraslindaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
fraslindandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
fraslindaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
fraslindid (active indicative plural second-person)
fraslindaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
fraslindid (active imperative plural second-person)
fraslindandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
fraslindaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
fraslindandi (active indicative plural third-person)
fraslindain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
fraslindandau (active imperative plural third-person)
fraslindandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
fraslindaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
frasland (active first-person indicative singular)
fraslundį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
fraslanst (active indicative second-person singular)
fraslundīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
frasland (active indicative singular third-person)
fraslundī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
fraslundū (active dual first-person indicative)
fraslundīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
fraslundudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
fraslundīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
fraslundum (active first-person indicative plural)
fraslundīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
fraslundud (active indicative plural second-person)
fraslundīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
fraslundun (active indicative plural third-person)
fraslundīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
fraslindandz (active participle present)
fraslundanaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *fraslindan
Old Saxon: *farslindan
Middle Low German: vorslinden
Old Dutch: *farslindan
Middle Dutch: verslinden, verslingen
Dutch: verslinden, (archaic) verslingen
Afrikaans: verslind, verslinde
→ English: forsling
Old High German:
Middle High German:
German: verschlingen

Gothic: 𐍆𐍂𐌰𐍃𐌻𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌽 (fraslindan)

From *fra- + *slindaną. For the semantics, compare *fraetaną.


uzbugjaną

uzbugjō (active first-person indicative singular)
uzbugjaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
uzbugjai (first-person indicative passive singular)
uzbugisi (active indicative second-person singular)
uzbugjais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
uzbugi (active imperative second-person singular)
uzbugjasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
uzbugjaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
uzbugiþi (active indicative singular third-person)
uzbugjai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
uzbugjaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
uzbugjaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
uzbugjaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
uzbugjōs (active dual first-person indicative)
uzbugjaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
uzbugjaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
uzbugjaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
uzbugjaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
uzbugjamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
uzbugjaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
uzbugjanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
uzbugjainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
uzbugiþ (active indicative plural second-person)
uzbugjaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
uzbugiþ (active imperative plural second-person)
uzbugjanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
uzbugjainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
uzbugjanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
uzbugjain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
uzbugjanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
uzbugjanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
uzbugjainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
uzbuhtǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
uzbuhtēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
uzbuhtēz (active indicative second-person singular)
uzbuhtēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
uzbuhtē (active indicative singular third-person)
uzbuhtēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
uzbuhtēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
uzbuhtēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
uzbuhtēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
uzbuhtēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
uzbuhtēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
uzbuhtēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
uzbuhtēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
uzbuhtēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
uzbuhtēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
uzbuhtēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
uzbugjandz (active participle present)
uzbugidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Old English: ābyċġan

Middle English: abyen

English: aby

Gothic: 𐌿𐍃𐌱𐌿𐌲𐌾𐌰𐌽 (usbugjan)


wagōną

wagō (active first-person indicative singular)
wagǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
wagōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
wagōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
wagōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
wagō (active imperative second-person singular)
wagōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
wagōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
wagōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
wagō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
wagōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
wagōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
wagōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
wagōs (active dual first-person indicative)
wagōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
wagōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
wagōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
wagōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
wagōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
wagōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
wagōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
wagōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
wagōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
wagōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
wagōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
wagōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
wagōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
wagōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
wagōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
wagōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
wagōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
wagōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
wagōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
wagōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
wagōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
wagōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
wagōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
wagōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
wagōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
wagōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
wagōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
wagōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
wagōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
wagōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
wagōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
wagōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
wagōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
wagōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
wagōndz (active participle present)
wagōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *wagōn

Old English: wagian, wageġan
Middle English: wawen, wawyn, waȝien, waȝeȝen, wagien, wawien, wawie, wawi, wawe
English: waw
Scots: waw
Middle English: waggen
English: wag

Old Saxon: wagōn

Middle Low German: wagen

German Low German: wagen

→ Old Norse: vága

Faroese: vága

Norwegian: våge

→ Old Swedish: vāgha

Swedish: våga

→ Old Danish: waaghæ, wogæ, wowæ

Danish: vove

Old Dutch: *wagon

Middle Dutch: wāgen

Dutch: wagen

Limburgish: wage

Old High German: wagōn

Middle High German: wagen

German: wagen

From Proto-Indo-European *weǵʰ- (“to drag, carry”).


gerraną

gerrō (active first-person indicative singular)
gerraų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
gerrai (first-person indicative passive singular)
girrizi (active indicative second-person singular)
gerraiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
gerr (active imperative second-person singular)
gerrazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
gerraizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
girridi (active indicative singular third-person)
gerrai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
gerradau (active imperative singular third-person)
gerradai (indicative passive singular third-person)
gerraidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
gerrōz (active dual first-person indicative)
gerraiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
gerradiz (active dual indicative second-person)
gerraidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
gerradiz (active dual imperative second-person)
gerramaz (active first-person indicative plural)
gerraim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
gerrandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
gerraindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
girrid (active indicative plural second-person)
gerraid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
girrid (active imperative plural second-person)
gerrandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
gerraindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
gerrandi (active indicative plural third-person)
gerrain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
gerrandau (active imperative plural third-person)
gerrandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
gerraindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
garr (active first-person indicative singular)
gurrį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
garrt (active indicative second-person singular)
gurrīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
garr (active indicative singular third-person)
gurrī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
gurrū (active dual first-person indicative)
gurrīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
gurrudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
gurrīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
gurrum (active first-person indicative plural)
gurrīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
gurrud (active indicative plural second-person)
gurrīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
gurrun (active indicative plural third-person)
gurrīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
gerrandz (active participle present)
gurranaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *gerran

desctree

Old English: ġeorran
Middle English: ȝerren, ȝurren, ȝarren, yerren, yarren (merged with descendant of ġyrran)
English: yar
Scots: ȝarr, yarr

Old High German: *gerran

Middle High German: gerren

From Proto-Indo-European *gʰer- (“to make a noise, rattle, gurgle, grumble”).


hwarbōną

hwarbō (active first-person indicative singular)
hwarbǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
hwarbōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
hwarbōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
hwarbōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
hwarbō (active imperative second-person singular)
hwarbōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
hwarbōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
hwarbōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
hwarbō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
hwarbōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
hwarbōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
hwarbōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
hwarbōs (active dual first-person indicative)
hwarbōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
hwarbōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
hwarbōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
hwarbōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
hwarbōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
hwarbōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
hwarbōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
hwarbōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
hwarbōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
hwarbōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
hwarbōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
hwarbōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
hwarbōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
hwarbōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
hwarbōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
hwarbōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
hwarbōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
hwarbōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
hwarbōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
hwarbōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
hwarbōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
hwarbōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
hwarbōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
hwarbōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
hwarbōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
hwarbōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
hwarbōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
hwarbōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
hwarbōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
hwarbōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
hwarbōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
hwarbōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
hwarbōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
hwarbōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
hwarbōndz (active participle present)
hwarbōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *hwarbōn
Old English: hwearfian
Middle English: wharven
English: wharve
Scots: wharve
Old Saxon: hwarvōn
Middle Low German: warven (strong verb) (merged with descendant of Proto-West Germanic *hwerban)
German Low German: warven (strong verb)
Old Dutch: *warvon
Middle Dutch: warven, waerven (strong verb) (merged with descendant of Proto-West Germanic *hwerban)
Old High German: warbōn

Old Norse: hvarfa

>? Swedish: varva

Gothic: 𐍈𐌰𐍂𐌱𐍉𐌽 (ƕarbōn)

/ˈxʷɑr.βɔː.nɑ̃/

From *hwarbą, *hwarbaz + *-ōną, the former terms from *hwerbaną (“to turn, move”).


biganganą

bigangō (active first-person indicative singular)
bigangaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
bigangai (first-person indicative passive singular)
bigangizi (active indicative second-person singular)
bigangaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
bigang (active imperative second-person singular)
bigangazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
bigangaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
bigangidi (active indicative singular third-person)
bigangai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
bigangadau (active imperative singular third-person)
bigangadai (indicative passive singular third-person)
bigangaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
bigangōz (active dual first-person indicative)
bigangaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
bigangadiz (active dual indicative second-person)
bigangaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
bigangadiz (active dual imperative second-person)
bigangamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
bigangaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
bigangandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
bigangaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
bigangid (active indicative plural second-person)
bigangaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
bigangid (active imperative plural second-person)
bigangandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
bigangaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
bigangandi (active indicative plural third-person)
bigangain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
bigangandau (active imperative plural third-person)
bigangandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
bigangaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
bigegang (active first-person indicative singular)
bigegangį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
bigeganht (active indicative second-person singular)
bigegangīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
bigegang (active indicative singular third-person)
bigegangī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
bigegangū (active dual first-person indicative)
bigegangīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
bigegangudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
bigegangīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
bigegangum (active first-person indicative plural)
bigegangīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
bigegangud (active indicative plural second-person)
bigegangīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
bigegangun (active indicative plural third-person)
bigegangīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
bigangandz (active participle present)
biganganaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Old English: begangan, begongan

⇒ Old English: begangnes, begengnes

desc

⇒ Old English: beganga, bigengea, bigenga

Middle English: beȝenga, beȝeng

Old Frisian: bigunga

Saterland Frisian: begunge

Old Frisian: bigangnisse, bigongnisse

Old Saxon: bigangan

⇒ Old Saxon: bigangandelīk, bigangandilīk

⇒ Middle Low German: begangnisse, begencnisse

Old Dutch: *bigangan

⇒ Middle Dutch: begangen, begengen, begingen

⇒ Middle Dutch: begangenisse

Dutch: begangenis

Old High German: bigangan

Middle High German: begangen

⇒ German: begangen

⇒ Middle High German: begancnisse, begencnisse

German: Begängnis

/biˈɣɑŋ.ɡɑ.nɑ̃/

to come across; find; get; procure; acquire


spraidijaną

spraidijō (active first-person indicative singular)
spraidijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
spraidijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
spraidīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
spraidijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
spraidī (active imperative second-person singular)
spraidijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
spraidijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
spraidīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
spraidijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
spraidijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
spraidijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
spraidijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
spraidijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
spraidijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
spraidijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
spraidijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
spraidijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
spraidijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
spraidijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
spraidijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
spraidijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
spraidīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
spraidijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
spraidīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
spraidijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
spraidijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
spraidijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
spraidijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
spraidijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
spraidijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
spraidijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
spraididǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
spraididēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
spraididēz (active indicative second-person singular)
spraididēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
spraididē (active indicative singular third-person)
spraididēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
spraididēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
spraididēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
spraididēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
spraididēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
spraididēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
spraididēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
spraididēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
spraididēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
spraididēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
spraididēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
spraidijandz (active participle present)
spraididaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *spraidijan
Old English: sprǣdan
Middle English: spreden
English: spread
Scots: spreid
Old Frisian: *sprēda
North Frisian: spriedjen
Saterland Frisian: spreede
West Frisian: spriede
Old Saxon: *sprēdian
Middle Low German: sprêden)
Low German: spreden
→ Norwegian: spre, spreia
Old Dutch: *spreiden, *sprēden
Middle Dutch: spreiden, sprêden
Dutch: spreiden
Afrikaans: sprei
Old High German: spreiten
Middle High German: spreiten
Alemannic German: spräite
German: spreiten

Swedish: sprida

→? Irish: spréigh

From *sprīþaną (“to break up”) + *-janą. Cognate with Latin spernō, spargō, Ancient Greek σπείρω (speírō), Persian سپردن (sepordan, “to deposit”).


bigerdaną

bigerdō (active first-person indicative singular)
bigerdaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
bigerdai (first-person indicative passive singular)
bigirdizi (active indicative second-person singular)
bigerdaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
bigerd (active imperative second-person singular)
bigerdazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
bigerdaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
bigirdidi (active indicative singular third-person)
bigerdai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
bigerdadau (active imperative singular third-person)
bigerdadai (indicative passive singular third-person)
bigerdaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
bigerdōz (active dual first-person indicative)
bigerdaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
bigerdadiz (active dual indicative second-person)
bigerdaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
bigerdadiz (active dual imperative second-person)
bigerdamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
bigerdaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
bigerdandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
bigerdaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
bigirdid (active indicative plural second-person)
bigerdaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
bigirdid (active imperative plural second-person)
bigerdandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
bigerdaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
bigerdandi (active indicative plural third-person)
bigerdain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
bigerdandau (active imperative plural third-person)
bigerdandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
bigerdaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
bigard (active first-person indicative singular)
bigurdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
bigarst (active indicative second-person singular)
bigurdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
bigard (active indicative singular third-person)
bigurdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
bigurdū (active dual first-person indicative)
bigurdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
bigurdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
bigurdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
bigurdum (active first-person indicative plural)
bigurdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
bigurdud (active indicative plural second-person)
bigurdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
bigurdun (active indicative plural third-person)
bigurdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
bigerdandz (active participle present)
bigurdanaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Old English: begyrdan, begirdan
Middle English: bigirden, begirden
English: begird

Gothic: 𐌱𐌹𐌲𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌳𐌰𐌽 (bigairdan)


bauknōną

bauknō (active first-person indicative singular)
bauknǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
bauknōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
bauknōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
bauknōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
bauknō (active imperative second-person singular)
bauknōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
bauknōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
bauknōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
bauknō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
bauknōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
bauknōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
bauknōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
bauknōs (active dual first-person indicative)
bauknōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
bauknōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
bauknōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
bauknōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
bauknōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
bauknōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
bauknōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
bauknōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
bauknōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
bauknōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
bauknōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
bauknōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
bauknōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
bauknōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
bauknōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
bauknōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
bauknōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
bauknōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
bauknōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
bauknōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
bauknōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
bauknōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
bauknōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
bauknōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
bauknōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
bauknōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
bauknōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
bauknōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
bauknōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
bauknōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
bauknōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
bauknōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
bauknōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
bauknōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
bauknōndz (active participle present)
bauknōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *bauknōn
Old English: bēacnian, bēcnian, bīcnian, bȳcnian
Middle English: bekenen, beckenen, bekenyn, beknen, beknyn, becnen, bæcnien, becnien, beknien (Early Middle English), beccyn, bekyn, bekken, bikken (reanalysed)
English: beckon; beck
Middle Scots: bekin
Old Frisian: *bākenia
West Frisian: beakenje
→ Dutch: bakenen

Old Norse: bákna

Faroese: bákna

Icelandic: bákna


aizāną

aizō (active first-person indicative singular)
aizaisi (active indicative second-person singular)
aizai (active imperative second-person singular)
aizāsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
aizaiþi (active indicative singular third-person)
aizāþau (active imperative singular third-person)
aizāþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
aizōs (active dual first-person indicative)
aizāþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
aizāþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
aizāmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
aizānþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
aizaiþ (active indicative plural second-person)
aizaiþ (active imperative plural second-person)
aizānþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
aizānþi (active indicative plural third-person)
aizānþau (active imperative plural third-person)
aizānþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
aizadǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
aizadēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
aizadēz (active indicative second-person singular)
aizadēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
aizadē (active indicative singular third-person)
aizadēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
aizadēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
aizadēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
aizadēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
aizadēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
aizadēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
aizadēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
aizadēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
aizadēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
aizadēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
aizadēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
aizāndz (active participle present)
aizadaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *aiʀēn
Old English: ārian
Middle English: oren, aren, arenn (Ormulum)
Old Frisian: āria, ēria
Saterland Frisian: eere
West Frisian: eare
Old Saxon: ērōn
Middle Low German: êren
German Low German: ehren
Old Dutch: ēron
Middle Dutch: ēren
Dutch: eren
Afrikaans: eer
Limburgish: ieëre
Old High German: ērēn
Middle High German: ēren
German: ehren

Old Norse: eira

Icelandic: eira

Faroese: eira

From *aizō (“reverence, honour”) + *-āną.


-itjaną

-itjō (active first-person indicative singular)
-itjaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
-itjai (first-person indicative passive singular)
-itisi (active indicative second-person singular)
-itjais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
-iti (active imperative second-person singular)
-itjasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
-itjaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
-itiþi (active indicative singular third-person)
-itjai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
-itjaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
-itjaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
-itjaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
-itjōs (active dual first-person indicative)
-itjaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
-itjaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
-itjaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
-itjaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
-itjamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
-itjaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
-itjanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
-itjainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
-itiþ (active indicative plural second-person)
-itjaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
-itiþ (active imperative plural second-person)
-itjanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
-itjainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
-itjanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
-itjain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
-itjanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
-itjanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
-itjainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
-istǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
-istēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
-istēz (active indicative second-person singular)
-istēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
-istē (active indicative singular third-person)
-istēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
-istēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
-istēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
-istēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
-istēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
-istēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
-istēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
-istēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
-istēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
-istēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
-istēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
-itjandz (active participle present)
-itidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *-ittjan

i

merged with descendant of <i class="Latn mention" lang="gem-pro">*-atjaną</i>

Old English: -ettan (merged with descendant of *-atjaną)

Old Saxon: *-itian, -itōn

Old High German: -izzen

Gothic: *-𐌹𐍄𐌾𐌰𐌽 (*-itjan)

From Proto-Indo-European *-dyé- (verbal suffix). Cognate with Ancient Greek -άζω (-ázō).

der

Creates verbs from nouns and adjectives, similar to -ise.

Creates intensive verbs from other verbs.


-lōną

-lō (active first-person indicative singular)
-lǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
-lōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
-lōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
-lōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
-lō (active imperative second-person singular)
-lōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
-lōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
-lōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
-lō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
-lōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
-lōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
-lōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
-lōs (active dual first-person indicative)
-lōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
-lōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
-lōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
-lōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
-lōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
-lōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
-lōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
-lōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
-lōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
-lōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
-lōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
-lōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
-lōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
-lōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
-lōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
-lōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
-lōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
-lōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
-lōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
-lōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
-lōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
-lōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
-lōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
-lōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
-lōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
-lōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
-lōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
-lōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
-lōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
-lōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
-lōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
-lōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
-lōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
-lōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
-lōndz (active participle present)
-lōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Old English: -lian

Middle English: -lien, -len, -elen (merged with all other verbs)

English: -le (unproductive)

Old Frisian: -lia, -lja

North Frisian: -je

Saterland Frisian: -ele, -elje

West Frisian: -je

Old Saxon: -lōn

Middle Low German: -len, -eln

Low German: -eln

Old Dutch: -lon

Middle Dutch: -elen (merged with all other verbs)

Dutch: -elen

Old High German: -lōn

Middle High German: -eln

German: -eln (merged with all other verbs)

Old Norse: -la

Icelandic: -la

Faroese: -la

Norwegian:

Norwegian Bokmål: -le

Norwegian Nynorsk: -la

Swedish: -la

Danish: -le

frequentative verbal suffix; indicating repetition


bibindaną

bibindō (active first-person indicative singular)
bibindaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
bibindai (first-person indicative passive singular)
bibindizi (active indicative second-person singular)
bibindaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
bibind (active imperative second-person singular)
bibindazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
bibindaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
bibindidi (active indicative singular third-person)
bibindai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
bibindadau (active imperative singular third-person)
bibindadai (indicative passive singular third-person)
bibindaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
bibindōz (active dual first-person indicative)
bibindaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
bibindadiz (active dual indicative second-person)
bibindaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
bibindadiz (active dual imperative second-person)
bibindamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
bibindaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
bibindandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
bibindaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
bibindid (active indicative plural second-person)
bibindaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
bibindid (active imperative plural second-person)
bibindandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
bibindaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
bibindandi (active indicative plural third-person)
bibindain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
bibindandau (active imperative plural third-person)
bibindandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
bibindaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
biband (active first-person indicative singular)
bibundį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
bibanst (active indicative second-person singular)
bibundīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
biband (active indicative singular third-person)
bibundī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
bibundū (active dual first-person indicative)
bibundīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
bibundudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
bibundīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
bibundum (active first-person indicative plural)
bibundīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
bibundud (active indicative plural second-person)
bibundīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
bibundun (active indicative plural third-person)
bibundīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
bibindandz (active participle present)
bibundanaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Old English: bebindan

Old Frisian: bibinda

Old Dutch: *bibindan

Middle Dutch: bebinden

Dutch: bebinden

Old High German: bibintan

Middle High German: bebinden

German: bebinden

Gothic: 𐌱𐌹𐌱𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌽 (bibindan)


waibijaną

waibijō (active first-person indicative singular)
waibijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
waibijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
waibīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
waibijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
waibī (active imperative second-person singular)
waibijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
waibijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
waibīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
waibijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
waibijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
waibijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
waibijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
waibijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
waibijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
waibijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
waibijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
waibijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
waibijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
waibijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
waibijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
waibijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
waibīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
waibijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
waibīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
waibijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
waibijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
waibijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
waibijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
waibijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
waibijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
waibijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
waibidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
waibidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
waibidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
waibidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
waibidē (active indicative singular third-person)
waibidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
waibidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
waibidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
waibidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
waibidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
waibidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
waibidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
waibidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
waibidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
waibidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
waibidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
waibijandz (active participle present)
waibidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *waibijan
Old English: wǣfan
Middle English: wēven
English: weave (“to wander”)
Old Dutch: *weiven
Middle Dutch: weiven
Dutch: wuiven (with dialectal rounding)
Afrikaans: wuif, wuiwe
⇒ Dutch: weifelen
Afrikaans: weifel
Old High German: weibōn, *weiben (e-conjugation attested in ziweiben)
Middle High German: weiben
⇒ Middle High German: weibeln
Alemannic German: weible
German: weibeln (now only Swiss)

Old Norse: veifa

Icelandic: veifa

Norwegian: veive

Gothic: *𐍅𐌰𐌹𐌱𐌾𐌰𐌽 (*waibjan)

⇒ Gothic: 𐌱𐌹𐍅𐌰𐌹𐌱𐌾𐌰𐌽 (biwaibjan)

From Proto-Indo-European *woypéyeti, causative of *weyp-.


balgijaną

balgijō (active first-person indicative singular)
balgijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
balgijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
balgīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
balgijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
balgī (active imperative second-person singular)
balgijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
balgijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
balgīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
balgijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
balgijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
balgijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
balgijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
balgijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
balgijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
balgijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
balgijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
balgijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
balgijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
balgijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
balgijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
balgijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
balgīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
balgijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
balgīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
balgijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
balgijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
balgijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
balgijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
balgijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
balgijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
balgijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
balgidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
balgidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
balgidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
balgidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
balgidē (active indicative singular third-person)
balgidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
balgidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
balgidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
balgidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
balgidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
balgidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
balgidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
balgidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
balgidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
balgidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
balgidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
balgijandz (active participle present)
balgidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *balgijan
Old Saxon: belgian
Old High German: belgen
Middle High German: belgen

Old Norse: belgja
Icelandic: belgja
Norwegian Nynorsk: belgja, belga; (dialectal) bægje
Old Swedish: bælghia
Swedish: bälga
Danish: bælle


raidijaną

raidijō (active first-person indicative singular)
raidijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
raidijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
raidīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
raidijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
raidī (active imperative second-person singular)
raidijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
raidijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
raidīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
raidijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
raidijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
raidijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
raidijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
raidijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
raidijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
raidijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
raidijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
raidijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
raidijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
raidijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
raidijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
raidijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
raidīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
raidijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
raidīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
raidijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
raidijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
raidijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
raidijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
raidijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
raidijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
raidijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
raididǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
raididēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
raididēz (active indicative second-person singular)
raididēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
raididē (active indicative singular third-person)
raididēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
raididēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
raididēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
raididēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
raididēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
raididēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
raididēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
raididēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
raididēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
raididēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
raididēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
raidijandz (active participle present)
raididaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Old Norse: reiða

Icelandic: reiða

Faroese: reiða

to cause to move, carry (up, forward, etc.), let fall, etc.


raidijaną

Proto-West Germanic: *raidijan
Old English: rǣdan (merged with *rēdaną)
Middle English: reden
English: read, rede
Old Frisian: *rēda
West Frisian: riede
Old Saxon: *rēdian
Middle Low German: rêden
Old Dutch: *reden, *reiden
Middle Dutch: reden, *reiden
Dutch: reden, reiden
Old High German: *reiten
Middle High German: reiten

Old Norse: reiða

Icelandic: reiða

Faroese: reiða

Norwegian Nynorsk: reia, reida

→ Norwegian Bokmål: reie

Elfdalian: rieða

Old Swedish: reþa

Swedish: reda

Danish: rede

Norwegian Bokmål: rede, re

Gothic: 𐍂𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌽 (raidjan)


klappōną

klappō (active first-person indicative singular)
klappǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
klappōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
klappōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
klappōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
klappō (active imperative second-person singular)
klappōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
klappōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
klappōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
klappō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
klappōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
klappōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
klappōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
klappōs (active dual first-person indicative)
klappōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
klappōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
klappōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
klappōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
klappōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
klappōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
klappōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
klappōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
klappōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
klappōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
klappōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
klappōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
klappōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
klappōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
klappōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
klappōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
klappōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
klappōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
klappōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
klappōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
klappōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
klappōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
klappōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
klappōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
klappōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
klappōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
klappōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
klappōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
klappōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
klappōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
klappōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
klappōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
klappōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
klappōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
klappōndz (active participle present)
klappōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *klappōn
Old English: clappian
Middle English: clappen
English: clap
Scots: clap
Old Frisian: klappia
Saterland Frisian: klappe
West Frisian: klappe
Old Saxon: *klappōn (klapōn)
Middle Low German: klappen
German Low German: klappen
→ German: klappen
Old Dutch: *klappon
Middle Dutch: clappen
Dutch: klappen
Afrikaans: klap
Old High German: klaffōn, klapfōn, chlaphōn (← *klapōną)
Middle High German: klaffen, klapfen
German: klaffen

Old Norse: klappa

Icelandic: klappa

Faroese: klappa

Norwegian Nynorsk: klappa

Swedish: klappa

Danish: klappe

Norwegian Bokmål: klappe

→ Old French: claper, clapper

Middle French: clapper

French: clapper

Onomatopoeic and influenced by (or related to) verbs such as *klupjaną (“to grip, grasp, clasp”), analyzable as *klappaz (“a hit, clap”) + *-ōną (“denominal suffix”). Cognate with Proto-Slavic *klepati (“to knock, clap”).

cog

To clap, strike or pound (especially two things against each other)

To make loud noises, especially breathing or pulsating.


tugōną

tugō (active first-person indicative singular)
tugǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
tugōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
tugōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
tugōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
tugō (active imperative second-person singular)
tugōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
tugōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
tugōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
tugō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
tugōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
tugōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
tugōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
tugōs (active dual first-person indicative)
tugōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
tugōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
tugōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
tugōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
tugōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
tugōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
tugōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
tugōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
tugōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
tugōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
tugōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
tugōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
tugōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
tugōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
tugōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
tugōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
tugōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
tugōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
tugōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
tugōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
tugōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
tugōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
tugōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
tugōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
tugōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
tugōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
tugōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
tugōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
tugōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
tugōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
tugōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
tugōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
tugōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
tugōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
tugōndz (active participle present)
tugōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *togōn
Old English: togian
Middle English: toȝen, towen
English: tow
Scots: tow, toll, togh
Middle English: tuggen, toggen (alternatively from Old Norse toga)
English: tug
Scots: tug
⇒ Yola: thugerleen
Old Frisian: togia
Saterland Frisian: toogje
West Frisian: tôgje, toaie
Old Saxon: *togōn
Middle Low German: tōgen, tȫgen, tāgen, tēgen
⇒ German Low German: tagen (past participle)
⇒ Middle Low German: togeren, tȫgeren
German Low German: tögern
Old Dutch: *togon
Middle Dutch: tōgen
Dutch: togen, teugen (archaic or obsolete)
⇒ Dutch: ademtogen
⇒ Dutch: zieltogen
Old High German: zogōn
Middle High German: zogen, schogen
German: zogen (archaic or obsolete)
⇒ Middle High German: zogeren
German: zögern
→ Old French: touer
Middle French: touer
French: touer

Old Norse: toga

Icelandic: toga

Faroese: toga

From Proto-Indo-European *dewk- (“to pull, lead”). Either a variant of *tukkōną or from *tugiz (“a drawing, tug, pull”) + *-ōną.


spannijaną

spannijō (active first-person indicative singular)
spannijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
spannijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
spannīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
spannijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
spannī (active imperative second-person singular)
spannijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
spannijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
spannīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
spannijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
spannijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
spannijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
spannijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
spannijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
spannijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
spannijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
spannijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
spannijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
spannijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
spannijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
spannijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
spannijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
spannīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
spannijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
spannīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
spannijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
spannijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
spannijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
spannijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
spannijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
spannijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
spannijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
spannidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
spannidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
spannidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
spannidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
spannidē (active indicative singular third-person)
spannidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
spannidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
spannidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
spannidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
spannidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
spannidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
spannidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
spannidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
spannidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
spannidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
spannidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
spannijandz (active participle present)
spannidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *spannijan

Old Saxon: *spennian

Middle Low German: spennen

Old High German: *spennen

Middle High German: spennen

Old Norse: spenna

Icelandic: spenna

Faroese: spenna

Old Danish: spænne

Danish: spænde

Norwegian:

Norwegian Bokmål: spenne

Norwegian Nynorsk: spenne, spenna

Old Swedish: spænna

Swedish: spänna

From *spannaną (“to stretch”) + *-janą (“causative suffix”).


gripjaną

gripjō (active first-person indicative singular)
gripjaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
gripjai (first-person indicative passive singular)
gripisi (active indicative second-person singular)
gripjais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
gripi (active imperative second-person singular)
gripjasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
gripjaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
gripiþi (active indicative singular third-person)
gripjai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
gripjaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
gripjaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
gripjaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
gripjōs (active dual first-person indicative)
gripjaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
gripjaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
gripjaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
gripjaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
gripjamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
gripjaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
gripjanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
gripjainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
gripiþ (active indicative plural second-person)
gripjaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
gripiþ (active imperative plural second-person)
gripjanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
gripjainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
gripjanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
gripjain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
gripjanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
gripjanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
gripjainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
gripidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
gripidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
gripidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
gripidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
gripidē (active indicative singular third-person)
gripidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
gripidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
gripidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
gripidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
gripidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
gripidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
gripidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
gripidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
gripidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
gripidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
gripidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
gripjandz (active participle present)
gripidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Old English: grippan

Middle English: grippen

English: grip

Scots: grip

Old High German: gripfen

Middle High German: gripfen, *grippen

Luxembourgish: Grapp (probably)


swarōną

swarō (active first-person indicative singular)
swarǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
swarōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
swarōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
swarōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
swarō (active imperative second-person singular)
swarōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
swarōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
swarōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
swarō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
swarōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
swarōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
swarōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
swarōs (active dual first-person indicative)
swarōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
swarōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
swarōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
swarōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
swarōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
swarōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
swarōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
swarōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
swarōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
swarōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
swarōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
swarōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
swarōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
swarōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
swarōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
swarōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
swarōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
swarōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
swarōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
swarōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
swarōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
swarōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
swarōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
swarōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
swarōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
swarōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
swarōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
swarōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
swarōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
swarōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
swarōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
swarōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
swarōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
swarōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
swarōndz (active participle present)
swarōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Old English: *swarian (attested in andswarian)

Middle English: swaren

Old Norse: svara

Icelandic: svara

Faroese: svara

Norwegian:

Norwegian Bokmål: svare

Norwegian Nynorsk: svara, svare

Swedish: svara

Danish: svare


pīpaną

pīpō (active first-person indicative singular)
pīpaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
pīpai (first-person indicative passive singular)
pīpizi (active indicative second-person singular)
pīpaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
pīp (active imperative second-person singular)
pīpazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
pīpaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
pīpidi (active indicative singular third-person)
pīpai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
pīpadau (active imperative singular third-person)
pīpadai (indicative passive singular third-person)
pīpaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
pīpōz (active dual first-person indicative)
pīpaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
pīpadiz (active dual indicative second-person)
pīpaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
pīpadiz (active dual imperative second-person)
pīpamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
pīpaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
pīpandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
pīpaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
pīpid (active indicative plural second-person)
pīpaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
pīpid (active imperative plural second-person)
pīpandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
pīpaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
pīpandi (active indicative plural third-person)
pīpain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
pīpandau (active imperative plural third-person)
pīpandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
pīpaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
paip (active first-person indicative singular)
pipį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
paift (active indicative second-person singular)
pipīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
paip (active indicative singular third-person)
pipī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
pipū (active dual first-person indicative)
pipīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
pipudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
pipīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
pipum (active first-person indicative plural)
pipīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
pipud (active indicative plural second-person)
pipīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
pipun (active indicative plural third-person)
pipīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
pīpandz (active participle present)
pipanaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *pīpan
Old Saxon: *pīpan
Middle Low German: pîpen
Low German: piepen
→ German: piepen
Old Dutch: *pīpan
Middle Dutch: pipen
Dutch: pijpen, piepen
Limburgish: piepe
Old High German: *phīfan
Middle High German: pfīfen
Alemannic German: pfife
Bavarian: pfeifn, pfeifa
Cimbrian: faifan
Central Franconian: piefe, peife
Luxembourgish: päifen
East Central German: feifen
German: pfeifen
Rhine Franconian: poife, peife, piefe
Yiddish: פֿײַפֿן (fayfn)
→ Catalan: pifiar
→ Italian: piffero, piffaro
→ English: piffero
→ Spanish: pifiar
⇒ Spanish: pifia (noun) (back-formation)
→ Portuguese: pífio

Old Norse: *pípa

Icelandic: pípa

Danish: pibe

Swedish: pipa

To talk in a high-pitched or squeaky voice.


blandijaną

blandijō (active first-person indicative singular)
blandijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
blandijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
blandīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
blandijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
blandī (active imperative second-person singular)
blandijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
blandijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
blandīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
blandijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
blandijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
blandijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
blandijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
blandijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
blandijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
blandijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
blandijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
blandijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
blandijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
blandijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
blandijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
blandijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
blandīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
blandijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
blandīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
blandijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
blandijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
blandijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
blandijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
blandijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
blandijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
blandijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
blandidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
blandidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
blandidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
blandidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
blandidē (active indicative singular third-person)
blandidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
blandidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
blandidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
blandidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
blandidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
blandidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
blandidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
blandidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
blandidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
blandidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
blandidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
blandijandz (active participle present)
blandidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Old English: blendan

Middle English: blēnden

Old Frisian: blenda

Old Saxon: *blendian

Middle Low German: blenden

German Low German: blennen

Old Dutch: *blenden

Middle Dutch: blenden

Dutch: blenden

Old High German: blenten

Middle High German: blenden

German: blenden

→ Norwegian Bokmål: blende

Luxembourgish: blennen


tōmijaną

tōmijō (active first-person indicative singular)
tōmijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
tōmijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
tōmīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
tōmijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
tōmī (active imperative second-person singular)
tōmijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
tōmijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
tōmīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
tōmijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
tōmijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
tōmijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
tōmijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
tōmijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
tōmijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
tōmijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
tōmijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
tōmijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
tōmijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
tōmijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
tōmijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
tōmijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
tōmīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
tōmijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
tōmīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
tōmijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
tōmijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
tōmijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
tōmijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
tōmijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
tōmijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
tōmijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
tōmidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
tōmidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
tōmidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
tōmidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
tōmidē (active indicative singular third-person)
tōmidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
tōmidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
tōmidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
tōmidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
tōmidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
tōmidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
tōmidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
tōmidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
tōmidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
tōmidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
tōmidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
tōmijandz (active participle present)
tōmidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *tōmijan
Old Frisian: tēma
Old Saxon: tōmian
⇒ Old Saxon: ātōmian

Old Norse: tœma, tæma
Icelandic: tæma
Faroese: tøma
Norwegian Nynorsk: tøma
Swedish: tömma
Danish: tømme
Norwegian Bokmål: tømme
→ Norwegian Nynorsk: tømma
→ Middle English: temen
English: teem
Scots: teme, teim

From *tōmaz (“free, clear, empty, unoccupied”) + *-janą.


wandōną

wandō (active first-person indicative singular)
wandǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
wandōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
wandōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
wandōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
wandō (active imperative second-person singular)
wandōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
wandōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
wandōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
wandō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
wandōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
wandōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
wandōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
wandōs (active dual first-person indicative)
wandōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
wandōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
wandōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
wandōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
wandōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
wandōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
wandōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
wandōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
wandōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
wandōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
wandōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
wandōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
wandōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
wandōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
wandōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
wandōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
wandōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
wandōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
wandōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
wandōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
wandōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
wandōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
wandōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
wandōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
wandōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
wandōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
wandōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
wandōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
wandōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
wandōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
wandōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
wandōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
wandōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
wandōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
wandōndz (active participle present)
wandōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *wandōn
Old English: wandian
Middle English: wanden, wonden
Old Saxon: *wandōn
⇒ Middle Low German: *wandinge
⇒ Middle Low German: sunnenwandinge
Old Dutch: *wandon
Middle Dutch: wanden
Old High German: wantōn
Middle High German: wanten, wanden

Old Norse: vanda

Icelandic: vanda

Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *wendʰ- (“to turn, wind, braid”), analyzable as *wandaz (“fluctuating, difficult”) + *-ōną.


klawjaną

klawjō (active first-person indicative singular)
klawjaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
klawjai (first-person indicative passive singular)
klawisi (active indicative second-person singular)
klawjais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
klawi (active imperative second-person singular)
klawjasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
klawjaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
klawiþi (active indicative singular third-person)
klawjai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
klawjaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
klawjaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
klawjaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
klawjōs (active dual first-person indicative)
klawjaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
klawjaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
klawjaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
klawjaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
klawjamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
klawjaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
klawjanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
klawjainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
klawiþ (active indicative plural second-person)
klawjaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
klawiþ (active imperative plural second-person)
klawjanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
klawjainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
klawjanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
klawjain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
klawjanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
klawjanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
klawjainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
klōw (active first-person indicative singular)
klōwį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
klōwt (active indicative second-person singular)
klōwīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
klōw (active indicative singular third-person)
klōwī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
klōwū (active dual first-person indicative)
klōwīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
klōwudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
klōwīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
klōwum (active first-person indicative plural)
klōwīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
klōwud (active indicative plural second-person)
klōwīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
klōwun (active indicative plural third-person)
klōwīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
klawjandz (active participle present)
klawanaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *klauwjan
Old English: clawan; clāwan, *clīeġan (strong class 7)
Middle English: clawen, cleen
English: claw
Scots: claw
Old Saxon: *klawian, *klōian
Middle Low German: klâwen, klowen, klouwen, klöuwen, kleien, kleyen, klayen, klegen, kleigen
German Low German: klauen
Old Dutch: *clōien, *clouen
Middle Dutch: clôyen, clooien, clouwen
Dutch: klooien, klauwen (remodelled after the noun, or from West Germanic *klawēn)
Old High German: klawjan
Middle High German: kleuen, klæwen
German: kläuen (dialectal or obsolete), klauen (remodelled after the noun, or from West Germanic *klawēn)

Old Norse: klá, kleyja
Icelandic: klá
Faroese: kláa
Norwegian Nynorsk: klå
Norwegian Bokmål: klø (< kleyja)
Old Swedish: klā
Swedish: klå

→ Proto-Finnic: *kalvadak (see there for further descendants)

Seemingly from a Proto-Indo-European root *glew- (“to claw, scratch”), with no certain cognates outside of Germanic. Some take the root to be from a base *gel- (“to make round, clench”).


ahjaną

ahjō (active first-person indicative singular)
ahjaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
ahjai (first-person indicative passive singular)
ahisi (active indicative second-person singular)
ahjais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
ahi (active imperative second-person singular)
ahjasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
ahjaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
ahiþi (active indicative singular third-person)
ahjai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
ahjaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
ahjaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
ahjaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
ahjōs (active dual first-person indicative)
ahjaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
ahjaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
ahjaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
ahjaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
ahjamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
ahjaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
ahjanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
ahjainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
ahiþ (active indicative plural second-person)
ahjaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
ahiþ (active imperative plural second-person)
ahjanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
ahjainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
ahjanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
ahjain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
ahjanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
ahjanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
ahjainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
ahidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
ahidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
ahidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
ahidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
ahidē (active indicative singular third-person)
ahidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
ahidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
ahidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
ahidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
ahidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
ahidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
ahidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
ahidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
ahidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
ahidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
ahidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
ahjandz (active participle present)
ahidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Gothic: 𐌰𐌷𐌾𐌰𐌽 (ahjan)

Uncertain. Has been compared to *h₃ekʷ- (“to see”) (by Osthoff) and to Ancient Greek ὄκνος (óknos, “hesitation”) (by Pokorny). Kroonen is unconvinced by the previously-mentioned proposals, and instead suggests it could be identical to *ahjaną (“to graze”), whence Old Norse æja, if the intermediate meaning was “to ruminate”; on the other hand however, he prefers to reconstruct *ahjaną in the "graze" sense as *aiwjaną, which would preclude a relation.

cog

Brill Publishers
Hermann Osthoff
Julius Pokorny


aihtrōną

aihtrō (active first-person indicative singular)
aihtrǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
aihtrōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
aihtrōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
aihtrōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
aihtrō (active imperative second-person singular)
aihtrōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
aihtrōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
aihtrōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
aihtrō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
aihtrōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
aihtrōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
aihtrōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
aihtrōs (active dual first-person indicative)
aihtrōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
aihtrōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
aihtrōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
aihtrōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
aihtrōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
aihtrōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
aihtrōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
aihtrōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
aihtrōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
aihtrōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
aihtrōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
aihtrōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
aihtrōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
aihtrōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
aihtrōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
aihtrōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
aihtrōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
aihtrōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
aihtrōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
aihtrōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
aihtrōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
aihtrōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
aihtrōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
aihtrōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
aihtrōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
aihtrōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
aihtrōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
aihtrōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
aihtrōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
aihtrōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
aihtrōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
aihtrōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
aihtrōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
aihtrōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
aihtrōndz (active participle present)
aihtrōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Gothic: 𐌰𐌹𐌷𐍄𐍂𐍉𐌽 (aihtrōn)

Related to *aikaną (“to make one's own”).


aikaną

aikō (active first-person indicative singular)
aikaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
aikai (first-person indicative passive singular)
aikizi (active indicative second-person singular)
aikaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
aik (active imperative second-person singular)
aikazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
aikaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
aikidi (active indicative singular third-person)
aikai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
aikadau (active imperative singular third-person)
aikadai (indicative passive singular third-person)
aikaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
aikōz (active dual first-person indicative)
aikaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
aikadiz (active dual indicative second-person)
aikaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
aikadiz (active dual imperative second-person)
aikamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
aikaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
aikandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
aikaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
aikid (active indicative plural second-person)
aikaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
aikid (active imperative plural second-person)
aikandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
aikaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
aikandi (active indicative plural third-person)
aikain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
aikandau (active imperative plural third-person)
aikandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
aikaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
eaik (active first-person indicative singular)
eaikį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
eaiht (active indicative second-person singular)
eaikīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
eaik (active indicative singular third-person)
eaikī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
eaikū (active dual first-person indicative)
eaikīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
eaikudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
eaikīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
eaikum (active first-person indicative plural)
eaikīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
eaikud (active indicative plural second-person)
eaikīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
eaikun (active indicative plural third-person)
eaikīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
aikandz (active participle present)
aikanaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *aikan

Old High German: *eihhan (in ineihhan)

Gothic: *𐌰𐌹𐌺𐌰𐌽 (*aikan) (in 𐌰𐍆𐌰𐌹𐌺𐌰𐌽 (afaikan))


aikaną

Proto-West Germanic: *aikan

Proto-West Germanic: *aikulōn

Old English: āclian

⇒ Old Norse: eikinn (past participle)

From Proto-Indo-European *oyk- (“to be out of tune, be grumpy or cranky”).


airinōną

airinō (active first-person indicative singular)
airinǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
airinōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
airinōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
airinōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
airinō (active imperative second-person singular)
airinōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
airinōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
airinōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
airinō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
airinōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
airinōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
airinōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
airinōs (active dual first-person indicative)
airinōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
airinōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
airinōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
airinōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
airinōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
airinōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
airinōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
airinōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
airinōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
airinōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
airinōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
airinōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
airinōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
airinōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
airinōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
airinōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
airinōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
airinōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
airinōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
airinōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
airinōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
airinōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
airinōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
airinōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
airinōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
airinōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
airinōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
airinōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
airinōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
airinōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
airinōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
airinōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
airinōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
airinōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
airinōndz (active participle present)
airinōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Old Norse: árna

Faroese: árna

Icelandic: árna

Gothic: 𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌹𐌽𐍉𐌽 (airinōn)