brimmaną

brimmō (active first-person indicative singular)
brimmaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
brimmai (first-person indicative passive singular)
brimmizi (active indicative second-person singular)
brimmaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
brimm (active imperative second-person singular)
brimmazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
brimmaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
brimmidi (active indicative singular third-person)
brimmai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
brimmadau (active imperative singular third-person)
brimmadai (indicative passive singular third-person)
brimmaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
brimmōz (active dual first-person indicative)
brimmaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
brimmadiz (active dual indicative second-person)
brimmaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
brimmadiz (active dual imperative second-person)
brimmamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
brimmaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
brimmandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
brimmaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
brimmid (active indicative plural second-person)
brimmaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
brimmid (active imperative plural second-person)
brimmandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
brimmaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
brimmandi (active indicative plural third-person)
brimmain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
brimmandau (active imperative plural third-person)
brimmandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
brimmaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
bramm (active first-person indicative singular)
brummį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
brammt (active indicative second-person singular)
brummīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
bramm (active indicative singular third-person)
brummī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
brummū (active dual first-person indicative)
brummīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
brummudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
brummīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
brummum (active first-person indicative plural)
brummīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
brummud (active indicative plural second-person)
brummīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
brummun (active indicative plural third-person)
brummīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
brimmandz (active participle present)
brummanaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *brimman
Old Saxon: *brimman
Middle Low German: brimmen
Old Dutch: *brimman
Middle Dutch: brimmen
Old High German: *brimman
Middle High German: brimmen

From Proto-Indo-European *bʰrem- (“to make noise”). This verb is closely related to *bremaną, the geminate 'm' in the root seems to have arisen due to the influence of the iterative verb *brummōną.


hnabaną

hnabō (active first-person indicative singular)
hnabaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
hnabai (first-person indicative passive singular)
hnabizi (active indicative second-person singular)
hnabaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
hnab (active imperative second-person singular)
hnabazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
hnabaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
hnabidi (active indicative singular third-person)
hnabai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
hnabadau (active imperative singular third-person)
hnabadai (indicative passive singular third-person)
hnabaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
hnabōz (active dual first-person indicative)
hnabaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
hnabadiz (active dual indicative second-person)
hnabaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
hnabadiz (active dual imperative second-person)
hnabamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
hnabaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
hnabandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
hnabaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
hnabid (active indicative plural second-person)
hnabaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
hnabid (active imperative plural second-person)
hnabandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
hnabaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
hnabandi (active indicative plural third-person)
hnabain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
hnabandau (active imperative plural third-person)
hnabandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
hnabaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
hnōb (active first-person indicative singular)
hnōbį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
hnōft (active indicative second-person singular)
hnōbīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
hnōb (active indicative singular third-person)
hnōbī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
hnōbū (active dual first-person indicative)
hnōbīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
hnōbudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
hnōbīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
hnōbum (active first-person indicative plural)
hnōbīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
hnōbud (active indicative plural second-person)
hnōbīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
hnōbun (active indicative plural third-person)
hnōbīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
hnabandz (active participle present)
hnabanaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Old Norse: hnafa

From Proto-Indo-European *knebʰ-. Related to Lithuanian knabt and Latvian knābt (“to peck, to rip”).


leskaną

leskō (active first-person indicative singular)
leskaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
leskai (first-person indicative passive singular)
liskizi (active indicative second-person singular)
leskaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
lesk (active imperative second-person singular)
leskazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
leskaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
liskidi (active indicative singular third-person)
leskai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
leskadau (active imperative singular third-person)
leskadai (indicative passive singular third-person)
leskaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
leskōz (active dual first-person indicative)
leskaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
leskadiz (active dual indicative second-person)
leskaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
leskadiz (active dual imperative second-person)
leskamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
leskaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
leskandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
leskaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
liskid (active indicative plural second-person)
leskaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
liskid (active imperative plural second-person)
leskandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
leskaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
leskandi (active indicative plural third-person)
leskain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
leskandau (active imperative plural third-person)
leskandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
leskaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
lask (active first-person indicative singular)
luskį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
last (active indicative second-person singular)
luskīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
lask (active indicative singular third-person)
luskī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
luskū (active dual first-person indicative)
luskīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
luskudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
luskīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
luskum (active first-person indicative plural)
luskīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
luskud (active indicative plural second-person)
luskīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
luskun (active indicative plural third-person)
luskīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
leskandz (active participle present)
luskanaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *leskan
Old Saxon: leskan
Middle Low German: leschen
→ Swedish: läska
Old Dutch: *lescan
Middle Dutch: lesschen
Dutch: lessen
Afrikaans: les
Old High German: leskan
Middle High German: leschen
German: löschen
Yiddish: לעשן (leshn)

Akademie-Verlag
Berlin
Wolfgang Pfeifer (etymologist)

Thought to be from Proto-Indo-European *legʰ-sḱé-ti, sḱe-present to *legʰ- (“to lie down”).


izud

Old English: earon (all persons, perhaps merged with *izum)

Old Norse: eruð

Icelandic: eruð

>? Faroese: eru (all persons, perhaps merged with *izum)

second-person plural present active indicative of *wesaną


wēzum

Old High German: wārum

Old Norse: várum

Icelandic: vorum

Old Swedish: vārom

Swedish: vorom, vore (obsolete)

>? Faroese: vóru (all persons, perhaps merged with *wēzun)

Gothic: 𐍅𐌴𐍃𐌿𐌼 (wēsum)

first-person plural past active indicative of *wesaną


wēzud

Old Dutch: wārut

Dutch: waart

Limburgish: woortj

Old High German: wārut

Hunsrik: wäärd

German: wart

Luxembourgish: waart

Old Norse: váruð

Icelandic: voruð

Gothic: 𐍅𐌴𐍃𐌿𐌸 (wēsuþ)

second-person plural past active indicative of *wesaną


sijǭ

Old English: sīe

Old Frisian: sē

Old Saxon: sī

Old Dutch: sī

Dutch: zij

Afrikaans: sy

Old High German: sī

Alemannic German: sig

Cimbrian: zèa

German: sei

Hunsrik: sei

Old Norse: sjá, sé

Icelandic: sé

Old Swedish: sē, sēi, sī

Gothic: 𐍃𐌹𐌾𐌰𐌿 (sijau)

first-person singular present active subjunctive of *wesaną


sijēs

Old Saxon: sīs

Middle Low German: sîst

Old Dutch: sīs, sīst

Old High German: sīs, sīst

Alemannic German: siigesch

Cimbrian: zèist

German: seist

Old Norse: sér

Icelandic: sért

Gothic: 𐍃𐌹𐌾𐌰𐌹𐍃 (sijais)

second-person singular present active subjunctive of *wesaną


sijē

Old Saxon: sī

Old Dutch: sī

Old High German: sī

Alemannic German: sig

Cimbrian: zèa

German: sei

Old Norse: sé

Icelandic: sé

Old Swedish: sē, sēi, sī

Gothic: 𐍃𐌹𐌾𐌰𐌹 (sijai)

third-person singular present active subjunctive of *wesaną


sīm

Old High German: sīm

Old Norse: sém

Icelandic: séum

first-person plural present active subjunctive of *wesaną


sīþ

Old Dutch: sīt

Old High German: sīt

Alemannic German: siiget

Cimbrian: zèit

German: seiet

Hunsrik: seid

Old Norse: séð, sét

Icelandic: séuð

second-person plural present active subjunctive of *wesaną


wēzį̄

Old Saxon: wāri

Middle Low German: wêre

Old Dutch: wāri

Dutch: ware

Afrikaans: ware

Old High German: wāri

Alemannic German: wär, wër

German: wäre

Pennsylvania German: waer

Old Norse: væra

Icelandic: væri

Old Swedish: var

Gothic: 𐍅𐌴𐍃𐌾𐌰𐌿 (wēsjau)

first-person singular past active subjunctive of *wesaną


wēzīz

Old Dutch: wāris, wārist

Old High German: wāris, wārist

Alemannic German: wäresch

German: wärst

Pennsylvania German: waerscht

Old Norse: værir

Icelandic: værir

Gothic: 𐍅𐌴𐍃𐌴𐌹𐍃 (wēseis)

second-person singular past active subjunctive of *wesaną


wēzī

Old English: wǣre

Old Frisian: wēre

Old Saxon: wāri

Middle Low German: wêre

Old Dutch: wāri

Dutch: ware

Afrikaans: ware

Old High German: wāri

Alemannic German: wär, wër

German: wäre

Pennsylvania German: waer

Old Norse: væri

Icelandic: væri

Old Swedish: var

Gothic: 𐍅𐌴𐍃𐌹 (wēsi)


wēzīm

Old High German: wārim

Old Norse: værim

Icelandic: værum

Old Swedish: vārom

first-person plural past active subjunctive of *wesaną


wēzīd

Old Dutch: wārit

Old High German: wārit

Alemannic German: wäret

German: wärt

Pennsylvania German: waeret

Old Norse: værið

Icelandic: væruð

second-person plural past active subjunctive of *wesaną


wēzīn

Proto-West Germanic: *wāʀīn

Old English: wǣren
Middle English: weren, were (conflated with wǣron)
English: were (obsolete wern, weren)
Scots: wir, wur

Old Frisian: wēren

Saterland Frisian: wieren

Old Saxon: wārin

Middle Low German: wêren

Low German: waren, weren, weern

Old Dutch: wārin

Middle Dutch: waren

Dutch: waren

Old High German: wārin

Middle High German: wæren

Alemannic German: wäre

German: wären

Pennsylvania German: waere

Old Norse: væri

Faroese: vóru

Icelandic: væru

Old Swedish: vāro

Swedish: vore

third-person plural past active subjunctive of *wesaną


wesandz

Old English: wesende

Old Frisian: wesande

West Frisian: wêzend

Old Saxon: wesandi

Middle Low German: wēsende

Dutch Low Saxon: waend

German Low German: wesende

Old Dutch: wesandi

Old High German: wesanti

Old Norse: vesandi (early), verandi

Icelandic: verandi

Faroese: verandi

Norwegian:

Bokmål: værende

Nynorsk: verande

Swedish: varande

Danish: værende

Gothic: 𐍅𐌹𐍃𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍃 (wisands)


trappōną

trappō (active first-person indicative singular)
trappǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
trappōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
trappōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
trappōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
trappō (active imperative second-person singular)
trappōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
trappōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
trappōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
trappō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
trappōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
trappōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
trappōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
trappōs (active dual first-person indicative)
trappōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
trappōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
trappōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
trappōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
trappōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
trappōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
trappōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
trappōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
trappōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
trappōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
trappōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
trappōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
trappōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
trappōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
trappōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
trappōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
trappōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
trappōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
trappōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
trappōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
trappōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
trappōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
trappōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
trappōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
trappōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
trappōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
trappōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
trappōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
trappōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
trappōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
trappōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
trappōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
trappōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
trappōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
trappōndz (active participle present)
trappōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *trappōn
Old Saxon: *trappōn
Middle Low German: trappen
→ Norwegian Nynorsk: trappa, trappe
Old Dutch: *trappon, *trapon
Middle Dutch: trappen, *trapen
Dutch: trappen
⇒ Middle Dutch: betrapen
Dutch: betrapen (dialectal, Flemish)

From pre-Germanic *drob-néh₂-ti, from Proto-Indo-European *dreb⁽ʰ⁾- (“to tread, to step”). Compare Lithuanian drebė́ti (“to tremble”) and Polish drabina (“ladder”).

der

Brill Publishers
Germanic parent language


hnippōną

hnippō (active first-person indicative singular)
hnippǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
hnippōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
hnippōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
hnippōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
hnippō (active imperative second-person singular)
hnippōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
hnippōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
hnippōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
hnippō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
hnippōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
hnippōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
hnippōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
hnippōs (active dual first-person indicative)
hnippōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
hnippōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
hnippōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
hnippōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
hnippōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
hnippōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
hnippōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
hnippōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
hnippōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
hnippōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
hnippōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
hnippōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
hnippōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
hnippōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
hnippōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
hnippōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
hnippōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
hnippōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
hnippōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
hnippōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
hnippōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
hnippōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
hnippōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
hnippōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
hnippōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
hnippōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
hnippōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
hnippōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
hnippōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
hnippōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
hnippōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
hnippōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
hnippōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
hnippōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
hnippōndz (active participle present)
hnippōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *hnippōn
Old English: *hnippian
Middle English: nippen (possibly loaned from Middle Dutch or Middle Low German instead)
English: nip
Old Saxon: *hnippōn
Middle Low German: nippen
Low German: nippen
→ German: nippen
→ Norwegian Bokmål: nippe
→ Danish: nippe
Old Dutch: *nippon
Middle Dutch: nippen
Dutch: nippen
Old High German: *nipfōn
Middle High German: nipfen
German: nipfen (dialectal)

Old Norse: hnippa

Icelandic: hnippa

From earlier paradigm *hnippōþi ~ *hnibunanþi, from pre-Proto-Germanic *knibʰ-nā́-ti ~ *knibʰ-un-ánti, iterative from Proto-Indo-European *kneybʰ- (“to pinch”). Cognate with Latvian kniêbt, Lithuanian kniẽbti (“to pinch”).


knippōną

knippō (active first-person indicative singular)
knippǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
knippōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
knippōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
knippōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
knippō (active imperative second-person singular)
knippōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
knippōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
knippōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
knippō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
knippōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
knippōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
knippōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
knippōs (active dual first-person indicative)
knippōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
knippōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
knippōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
knippōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
knippōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
knippōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
knippōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
knippōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
knippōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
knippōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
knippōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
knippōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
knippōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
knippōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
knippōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
knippōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
knippōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
knippōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
knippōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
knippōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
knippōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
knippōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
knippōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
knippōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
knippōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
knippōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
knippōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
knippōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
knippōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
knippōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
knippōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
knippōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
knippōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
knippōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
knippōndz (active participle present)
knippōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *knippōn
Old Saxon: *knippon
Middle Low German: knippen
Low German: knippen
Old Dutch: *cnippon
Middle Dutch: knippen
Dutch: knippen

From Proto-Indo-European *ǵnibʰ-néh₂-ti, an iterative verb from Proto-Indo-European *ǵneybʰ- (“to pinch”) which also gave rise to the strong verb *knīpaną (“to pinch”). Compare Lithuanian gnýbti (“idem”), žnýbti (“to pinch, snuff a candle”). Whether the root further derives from a Proto-Indo-European *ǵen-, *gen- (“to pinch, squeeze, bend, press, ball up”) (whence perhaps *knudaną (“to knead”)) is unclear.


slappōną

slappō (active first-person indicative singular)
slappǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
slappōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
slappōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
slappōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
slappō (active imperative second-person singular)
slappōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
slappōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
slappōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
slappō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
slappōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
slappōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
slappōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
slappōs (active dual first-person indicative)
slappōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
slappōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
slappōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
slappōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
slappōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
slappōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
slappōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
slappōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
slappōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
slappōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
slappōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
slappōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
slappōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
slappōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
slappōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
slappōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
slappōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
slappōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
slappōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
slappōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
slappōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
slappōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
slappōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
slappōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
slappōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
slappōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
slappōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
slappōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
slappōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
slappōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
slappōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
slappōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
slappōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
slappōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
slappōndz (active participle present)
slappōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *slappōn
Old Saxon: *slappōn
Middle Low German: slappen
Old Dutch: slappon
Middle Dutch: slappen
Dutch: slappen
Old High German: slaffōn
Middle High German: slaffen

desc

Old Norse: slappa, *slapa, *slabba, slafa (only attested in the reflexive 'slafast')

Danish: slappe

Faroese: slabba

Icelandic: slappa

Norwegian:

Norwegian Bokmål: slappe

Norwegian Nynorsk: slappa, slapa

Swedish: slappa

From Proto-Indo-European *slobʰ-néh₂-ti, an iterative verb related to *slēpaną (“to sleep”). The root is reconstructed by Kroonen as *slobʰ- (“to be slack, weak”), and compared with Proto-Slavic *slàbъ (“weak”), dialectal Lithuanian slãbnas, slõbnas (“idem”), Latvian slãbs (“idem”).


strittōną

strittō (active first-person indicative singular)
strittǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
strittōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
strittōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
strittōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
strittō (active imperative second-person singular)
strittōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
strittōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
strittōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
strittō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
strittōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
strittōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
strittōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
strittōs (active dual first-person indicative)
strittōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
strittōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
strittōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
strittōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
strittōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
strittōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
strittōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
strittōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
strittōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
strittōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
strittōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
strittōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
strittōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
strittōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
strittōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
strittōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
strittōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
strittōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
strittōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
strittōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
strittōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
strittōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
strittōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
strittōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
strittōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
strittōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
strittōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
strittōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
strittōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
strittōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
strittōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
strittōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
strittōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
strittōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
strittōndz (active participle present)
strittōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Old Norse: strita, *stritta

Icelandic: strita

Faroese: strita

Norwegian:

Norwegian Nynorsk: stritta

Danish: stritte

From Proto-Indo-European *stridʰ-néh₂-ti, an iterative verb from Proto-Indo-European *streydʰ- (“to resist”), the same root gave rise to the strong verb *strīdaną; see there for cognates.


krappōną

krappō (active first-person indicative singular)
krappǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
krappōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
krappōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
krappōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
krappō (active imperative second-person singular)
krappōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
krappōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
krappōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
krappō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
krappōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
krappōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
krappōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
krappōs (active dual first-person indicative)
krappōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
krappōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
krappōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
krappōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
krappōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
krappōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
krappōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
krappōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
krappōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
krappōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
krappōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
krappōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
krappōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
krappōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
krappōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
krappōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
krappōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
krappōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
krappōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
krappōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
krappōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
krappōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
krappōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
krappōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
krappōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
krappōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
krappōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
krappōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
krappōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
krappōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
krappōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
krappōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
krappōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
krappōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
krappōndz (active participle present)
krappōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desc

Proto-West Germanic: *krappōn, *krabbōn, *krabōn

Old Saxon: *krabbōn

Middle Low German: krabben

→ Norwegian:

→ Norwegian Nynorsk: krabba

→ Swedish: krabba

→ Danish: krabbe

Old Dutch: *krappōn, *krabbōn, *kravōn

Middle Dutch: krappen, krabben, *kraven

Dutch: krappen, krabben, kraven (dialectal)

Old High German: *krapfōn (only attested in the past participle 'gikrapfōt'), *krappōn, *krabōn

Middle High German: krapfen, *krappen, *kraben

German: krappen, kraben

An iterative verb from Proto-Indo-European *grobʰ-néh₂-ti


krammōną

krammō (active first-person indicative singular)
krammǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
krammōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
krammōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
krammōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
krammō (active imperative second-person singular)
krammōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
krammōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
krammōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
krammō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
krammōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
krammōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
krammōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
krammōs (active dual first-person indicative)
krammōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
krammōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
krammōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
krammōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
krammōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
krammōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
krammōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
krammōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
krammōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
krammōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
krammōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
krammōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
krammōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
krammōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
krammōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
krammōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
krammōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
krammōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
krammōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
krammōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
krammōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
krammōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
krammōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
krammōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
krammōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
krammōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
krammōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
krammōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
krammōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
krammōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
krammōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
krammōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
krammōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
krammōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
krammōndz (active participle present)
krammōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *krammōn
Old English: crammian
Middle English: crammen
English: cram
Old Dutch: *krammōn
Middle Dutch: krammen
Old High German: *krammōn
Middle High German: krammen

Old Norse:

>? Swedish: krama

An o-grade iterative verb from Proto-Indo-European *gromH-néh₂-ti, closely related to the strong verb *krimmaną.


tussōną

tussō (active first-person indicative singular)
tussǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
tussōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
tussōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
tussōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
tussō (active imperative second-person singular)
tussōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
tussōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
tussōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
tussō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
tussōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
tussōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
tussōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
tussōs (active dual first-person indicative)
tussōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
tussōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
tussōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
tussōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
tussōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
tussōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
tussōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
tussōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
tussōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
tussōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
tussōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
tussōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
tussōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
tussōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
tussōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
tussōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
tussōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
tussōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
tussōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
tussōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
tussōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
tussōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
tussōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
tussōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
tussōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
tussōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
tussōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
tussōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
tussōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
tussōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
tussōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
tussōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
tussōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
tussōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
tussōndz (active participle present)
tussōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *tosōn (generalized the non-singular stem)

Old English: *tosian

Middle English: tosen

English: toze

Old English: *tosōn

Middle Low German: tȫsen

Old English: *tosōn

Middle Dutch: tōsen

Old Norse: *tossa, *tosa

Icelandic: tossa, tosa

Norwegian:

Norwegian Nynorsk: tossa, tosa

An iterative verb from Proto-Indo-European *tus-néh₂-ti.


þarbāną

þarbō (active first-person indicative singular)
þarbaisi (active indicative second-person singular)
þarbai (active imperative second-person singular)
þarbāsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
þarbaiþi (active indicative singular third-person)
þarbāþau (active imperative singular third-person)
þarbāþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
þarbōs (active dual first-person indicative)
þarbāþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
þarbāþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
þarbāmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
þarbānþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
þarbaiþ (active indicative plural second-person)
þarbaiþ (active imperative plural second-person)
þarbānþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
þarbānþi (active indicative plural third-person)
þarbānþau (active imperative plural third-person)
þarbānþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
þarbadǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
þarbadēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
þarbadēz (active indicative second-person singular)
þarbadēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
þarbadē (active indicative singular third-person)
þarbadēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
þarbadēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
þarbadēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
þarbadēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
þarbadēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
þarbadēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
þarbadēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
þarbadēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
þarbadēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
þarbadēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
þarbadēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
þarbāndz (active participle present)
þarbadaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *þarbēn
Old English: þearfian
Old Saxon: tharvōn, tharbōn
Middle Low German: darven
Old Dutch: tharvon
Middle Dutch: darven
Dutch: derven
Afrikaans: derf, derwe
Old High German: darbēn, darbōn
Middle High German: darben
German: darben

Old Norse: þarfa

Faroese: tarva

Icelandic: þarfa

⇒ Gothic: 𐌲𐌰𐌸𐌰𐍂𐌱𐌰𐌽 (gaþarban)

/ˈθɑr.βɑː.nɑ̃/


nahtāną

nahtō (active first-person indicative singular)
nahtaisi (active indicative second-person singular)
nahtai (active imperative second-person singular)
nahtāsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
nahtaiþi (active indicative singular third-person)
nahtāþau (active imperative singular third-person)
nahtāþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
nahtōs (active dual first-person indicative)
nahtāþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
nahtāþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
nahtāmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
nahtānþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
nahtaiþ (active indicative plural second-person)
nahtaiþ (active imperative plural second-person)
nahtānþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
nahtānþi (active indicative plural third-person)
nahtānþau (active imperative plural third-person)
nahtānþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
nahtadǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
nahtadēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
nahtadēz (active indicative second-person singular)
nahtadēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
nahtadē (active indicative singular third-person)
nahtadēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
nahtadēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
nahtadēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
nahtadēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
nahtadēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
nahtadēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
nahtadēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
nahtadēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
nahtadēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
nahtadēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
nahtadēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
nahtāndz (active participle present)
nahtadaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *nahtēn
Old English: nihtian
Middle English: nighten
Old Dutch: *nahton
Middle Dutch: *nachten
Dutch: nachten (scarcely attested in early modern Dutch)
Old High German: nahtēn
Middle High German: nachten
German: nachten

Old Norse: nátta

Icelandic: nátta


taubrōną

taubrō (active first-person indicative singular)
taubrǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
taubrōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
taubrōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
taubrōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
taubrō (active imperative second-person singular)
taubrōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
taubrōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
taubrōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
taubrō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
taubrōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
taubrōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
taubrōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
taubrōs (active dual first-person indicative)
taubrōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
taubrōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
taubrōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
taubrōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
taubrōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
taubrōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
taubrōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
taubrōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
taubrōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
taubrōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
taubrōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
taubrōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
taubrōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
taubrōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
taubrōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
taubrōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
taubrōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
taubrōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
taubrōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
taubrōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
taubrōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
taubrōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
taubrōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
taubrōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
taubrōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
taubrōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
taubrōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
taubrōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
taubrōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
taubrōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
taubrōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
taubrōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
taubrōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
taubrōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
taubrōndz (active participle present)
taubrōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *taubrōn
Old Frisian: tāveria
West Frisian: thauwerje
Old Saxon: *tōvarōn
Middle Low German: tôveren
German Low German: tovern, tövern
Old Dutch: *tōvaron
Middle Dutch: tôveren
Dutch: toveren
Afrikaans: toor
Negerhollands: tover
→ Saramaccan: tófu
→ West Frisian: toverje
Limburgish: touvere
Old High German: zoubarōn
Middle High German: zoubern
German: zaubern
→ Luxembourgish: zauberen

Old Norse: taufra
Icelandic: töfra
Norwegian Nynorsk: tauvra

/ˈtɑu̯.βrɔː.nɑ̃/


lusōną

lusō (active first-person indicative singular)
lusǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
lusōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
lusōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
lusōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
lusō (active imperative second-person singular)
lusōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
lusōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
lusōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
lusō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
lusōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
lusōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
lusōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
lusōs (active dual first-person indicative)
lusōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
lusōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
lusōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
lusōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
lusōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
lusōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
lusōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
lusōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
lusōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
lusōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
lusōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
lusōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
lusōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
lusōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
lusōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
lusōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
lusōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
lusōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
lusōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
lusōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
lusōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
lusōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
lusōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
lusōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
lusōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
lusōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
lusōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
lusōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
lusōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
lusōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
lusōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
lusōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
lusōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
lusōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
lusōndz (active participle present)
lusōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *losōn
Old English: losian
Middle English: losien, losen
English: lose
Scots: los, lois, lose
Old Saxon: *losōn
Middle Low German: lossen, lössen (backformed to the adjective)
→ German: löschen
Old Dutch: *loson
Middle Dutch: lōsen, lossen (backformed to the adjective)
Dutch: lossen

Old Norse: losa

Icelandic: losa

Norwegian Nynorsk: lòse, lòsa


arbaidōną

arbaidō (active first-person indicative singular)
arbaidǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
arbaidōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
arbaidōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
arbaidōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
arbaidō (active imperative second-person singular)
arbaidōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
arbaidōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
arbaidōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
arbaidō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
arbaidōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
arbaidōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
arbaidōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
arbaidōs (active dual first-person indicative)
arbaidōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
arbaidōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
arbaidōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
arbaidōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
arbaidōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
arbaidōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
arbaidōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
arbaidōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
arbaidōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
arbaidōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
arbaidōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
arbaidōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
arbaidōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
arbaidōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
arbaidōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
arbaidōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
arbaidōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
arbaidōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
arbaidōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
arbaidōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
arbaidōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
arbaidōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
arbaidōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
arbaidōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
arbaidōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
arbaidōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
arbaidōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
arbaidōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
arbaidōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
arbaidōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
arbaidōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
arbaidōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
arbaidōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
arbaidōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
arbaidōndz (active participle present)
arbaidōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *arbaidōn
Old English: earfodian
Old Frisian: arbêdia
North Frisian:
Sylt: maaki
Saterland Frisian: oarbaidje
West Frisian: arbeidzje
Old Saxon: arvidōn
Middle Low German: arbeiden (merged with the descendant of *arbaidijan)
Low German: arbeiden
→ Danish: arbejde
→ Faroese: arbeiða
→ Norwegian: arbeide, arbeida
→ Old Swedish: arbeida, arbeta
Swedish: arbeta
Old High German: arabeitōn, arbeitōn
Middle High German: arebeiten, arbeiten (merged with the descendant of *arbaidijan)
Bavarian: arwadn, arweddn, oaweddn, orbeita
Cimbrian: arbatn, èrbatan (Sette Comuni)
Kölsch: arbigge
German: arbeiten
Yiddish: אַרבעטן (arbetn)

Old Norse: erfiða

Icelandic: erfiða

/ˈˈɑr.βɑi̯.ðɔː.nɑ̃/

From *arbaidiją, *arbaidiz (“labour, work, hardship”) + *-ōną.


bannōną

bannō (active first-person indicative singular)
bannǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
bannōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
bannōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
bannōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
bannō (active imperative second-person singular)
bannōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
bannōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
bannōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
bannō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
bannōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
bannōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
bannōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
bannōs (active dual first-person indicative)
bannōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
bannōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
bannōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
bannōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
bannōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
bannōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
bannōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
bannōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
bannōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
bannōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
bannōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
bannōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
bannōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
bannōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
bannōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
bannōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
bannōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
bannōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
bannōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
bannōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
bannōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
bannōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
bannōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
bannōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
bannōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
bannōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
bannōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
bannōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
bannōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
bannōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
bannōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
bannōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
bannōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
bannōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
bannōndz (active participle present)
bannōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *bannōn
Old Frisian: bannia
Saterland Frisian: bonje
Old Dutch: bannon
Old High German: bannōn

Old Norse: banna

From *banną (“order, ban”) + *-ōną, closely related to the strong verb *bannaną.


angwāną

angwō (active first-person indicative singular)
angwaisi (active indicative second-person singular)
angwai (active imperative second-person singular)
angwāsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
angwaiþi (active indicative singular third-person)
angwāþau (active imperative singular third-person)
angwāþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
angwōs (active dual first-person indicative)
angwāþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
angwāþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
angwāmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
angwānþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
angwaiþ (active indicative plural second-person)
angwaiþ (active imperative plural second-person)
angwānþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
angwānþi (active indicative plural third-person)
angwānþau (active imperative plural third-person)
angwānþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
angwadǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
angwadēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
angwadēz (active indicative second-person singular)
angwadēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
angwadē (active indicative singular third-person)
angwadēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
angwadēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
angwadēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
angwadēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
angwadēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
angwadēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
angwadēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
angwadēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
angwadēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
angwadēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
angwadēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
angwāndz (active participle present)
angwadaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *angwēn
Old English: angian
Old Frisian: angia
Old Dutch: *angen
Middle Dutch: *angen
Dutch: angen (obsolete, attested in early modern dutch)
Old High German: angēn
Middle High German: angen

Old Norse: ǫngva

/ˈɑŋʷ.ɡʷɑː.nɑ̃/


frustāną

frustō (active first-person indicative singular)
frustaisi (active indicative second-person singular)
frustai (active imperative second-person singular)
frustāsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
frustaiþi (active indicative singular third-person)
frustāþau (active imperative singular third-person)
frustāþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
frustōs (active dual first-person indicative)
frustāþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
frustāþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
frustāmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
frustānþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
frustaiþ (active indicative plural second-person)
frustaiþ (active imperative plural second-person)
frustānþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
frustānþi (active indicative plural third-person)
frustānþau (active imperative plural third-person)
frustānþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
frustadǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
frustadēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
frustadēz (active indicative second-person singular)
frustadēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
frustadē (active indicative singular third-person)
frustadēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
frustadēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
frustadēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
frustadēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
frustadēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
frustadēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
frustadēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
frustadēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
frustadēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
frustadēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
frustadēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
frustāndz (active participle present)
frustadaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *frostēn
Old Frisian: frostia
Old Dutch: *froston
Middle Dutch: vorsten
Dutch: vorsten
Old High German: *frostēn
⇒ Old High German: irfrostēn
Middle High German: vrosten
German: frosten

Old Norse: frosta

Icelandic: frosta


kunnāną

kunnō (active first-person indicative singular)
kunnaisi (active indicative second-person singular)
kunnai (active imperative second-person singular)
kunnāsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
kunnaiþi (active indicative singular third-person)
kunnāþau (active imperative singular third-person)
kunnāþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
kunnōs (active dual first-person indicative)
kunnāþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
kunnāþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
kunnāmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
kunnānþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
kunnaiþ (active indicative plural second-person)
kunnaiþ (active imperative plural second-person)
kunnānþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
kunnānþi (active indicative plural third-person)
kunnānþau (active imperative plural third-person)
kunnānþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
kunnadǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
kunnadēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
kunnadēz (active indicative second-person singular)
kunnadēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
kunnadē (active indicative singular third-person)
kunnadēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
kunnadēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
kunnadēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
kunnadēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
kunnadēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
kunnadēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
kunnadēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
kunnadēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
kunnadēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
kunnadēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
kunnadēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
kunnāndz (active participle present)
kunnadaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *kunnēn
Old English: cunnian
Old Saxon: *kunnōn
⇒ Old Saxon: gikunnōn
Old Dutch: *cunnon
⇒ Old Dutch: bicunnon
Old High German: kunnēn

Gothic: *𐌺𐌿𐌽𐌽𐌰𐌽 (*kunnan)

⇒ Gothic: 𐌰𐍄𐌺𐌿𐌽𐌽𐌰𐌽 (atkunnan)

⇒ Gothic: 𐌲𐌰𐌺𐌿𐌽𐌽𐌰𐌽 (gakunnan)

⇒ Gothic: 𐌿𐍆𐌺𐌿𐌽𐌽𐌰𐌽 (ufkunnan)


blōmōną

blōmō (active first-person indicative singular)
blōmǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
blōmōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
blōmōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
blōmōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
blōmō (active imperative second-person singular)
blōmōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
blōmōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
blōmōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
blōmō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
blōmōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
blōmōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
blōmōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
blōmōs (active dual first-person indicative)
blōmōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
blōmōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
blōmōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
blōmōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
blōmōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
blōmōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
blōmōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
blōmōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
blōmōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
blōmōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
blōmōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
blōmōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
blōmōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
blōmōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
blōmōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
blōmōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
blōmōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
blōmōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
blōmōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
blōmōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
blōmōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
blōmōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
blōmōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
blōmōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
blōmōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
blōmōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
blōmōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
blōmōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
blōmōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
blōmōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
blōmōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
blōmōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
blōmōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
blōmōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
blōmōndz (active participle present)
blōmōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *blōmōn
Old English: *blōmian
Middle English: blomen
English: bloom
Old Frisian: *blōmia
West Frisian: blomje
Old Saxon: *blōmon
Middle Low German: blōmen, blȫmen
Old Dutch: *blōmon (attested as giblōmid)
Middle Dutch: *bloemen
Dutch: bloemen
Old High German: bluomōn
Middle High German: bluomen

Old Norse: blóma

Faroese: blóma

Icelandic: blóma

Norwegian Nynorsk: blome, bloma

/ˈˈblɔː.mɔː.nɑ̃/


werkōną

werkō (active first-person indicative singular)
werkǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
werkōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
werkōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
werkōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
werkō (active imperative second-person singular)
werkōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
werkōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
werkōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
werkō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
werkōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
werkōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
werkōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
werkōs (active dual first-person indicative)
werkōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
werkōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
werkōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
werkōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
werkōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
werkōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
werkōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
werkōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
werkōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
werkōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
werkōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
werkōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
werkōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
werkōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
werkōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
werkōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
werkōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
werkōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
werkōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
werkōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
werkōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
werkōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
werkōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
werkōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
werkōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
werkōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
werkōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
werkōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
werkōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
werkōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
werkōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
werkōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
werkōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
werkōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
werkōndz (active participle present)
werkōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *werkōn
Old Frisian: werkia
Saterland Frisian: wíerkje
West Frisian: wurkje
Old Saxon: *werkon
Middle Low German: werken
Old Dutch: *werkon
Middle Dutch: werken
Dutch: werken
Old High German: werkōn
Middle High German: werken
German: werken

Old Norse: verka

Icelandic: verka

Faroese: verka

Norwegian Nynorsk: verka

Swedish: verka


skōhōną

skōhō (active first-person indicative singular)
skōhǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
skōhōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
skōhōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
skōhōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
skōhō (active imperative second-person singular)
skōhōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
skōhōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
skōhōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
skōhō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
skōhōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
skōhōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
skōhōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
skōhōs (active dual first-person indicative)
skōhōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
skōhōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
skōhōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
skōhōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
skōhōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
skōhōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
skōhōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
skōhōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
skōhōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
skōhōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
skōhōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
skōhōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
skōhōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
skōhōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
skōhōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
skōhōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
skōhōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
skōhōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
skōhōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
skōhōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
skōhōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
skōhōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
skōhōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
skōhōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
skōhōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
skōhōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
skōhōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
skōhōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
skōhōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
skōhōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
skōhōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
skōhōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
skōhōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
skōhōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
skōhōndz (active participle present)
skōhōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)
*skōgōną (alternative)

Proto-West Germanic: *skōhōn
Old English: sċōġan, sċeōġan, sċōġean, sċōan
Middle English: shon, shoen
English: shoe
Old Frisian: *skōia
West Frisian: skoaie, skoeie
Old Saxon: *skōhon, *skōgon
Middle Low German: schōien, schōgen
Old Dutch: *skuoion
Middle Dutch: schoeyen, schoeden
Dutch: schoeien
Old High German: skuohōn
Middle High German: schuohen
German: schuhen (dated)

Old Norse: skóa

Icelandic: skóa

Norwegian:

Norwegian Bokmål: sko

Norwegian Nynorsk: sko

Swedish: sko

Danish: sko

/ˈˈskɔː.xɔː.nɑ̃/


þewanōną

þewanō (active first-person indicative singular)
þewanǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
þewanōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
þewanōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
þewanōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
þewanō (active imperative second-person singular)
þewanōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
þewanōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
þewanōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
þewanō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
þewanōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
þewanōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
þewanōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
þewanōs (active dual first-person indicative)
þewanōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
þewanōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
þewanōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
þewanōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
þewanōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
þewanōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
þewanōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
þewanōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
þewanōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
þewanōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
þewanōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
þewanōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
þewanōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
þewanōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
þewanōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
þewanōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
þewanōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
þewanōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
þewanōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
þewanōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
þewanōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
þewanōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
þewanōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
þewanōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
þewanōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
þewanōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
þewanōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
þewanōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
þewanōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
þewanōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
þewanōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
þewanōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
þewanōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
þewanōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
þewanōndz (active participle present)
þewanōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *þewanōn
Old English: þegnian, þēnian
Old Frisian: thiānia
Old Saxon: thionōn
Middle Low German: dēnen
Low German: dienen, denen
→ Old Norse: þéna
Old Dutch: thionon, thienon
Middle Dutch: dienen
Dutch: dienen, duinen (dialectal)
Afrikaans: dien
Negerhollands: dien
→ Saramaccan: díni
→ Sranan Tongo: dini
→ Kari'na: tinima
Limburgish: dene
Old High German: dionōn, thionōn — Upper Franconian
Middle High German: dienen
Cimbrian: diinan
German: dienen
Luxembourgish: déngen
Vilamovian: dinn
Yiddish: דינען (dinen)

Old Norse: þjóna
Icelandic: þjóna
Norwegian:
Norwegian Bokmål: tjene
Norwegian Nynorsk: tena, tene
Old Swedish: þiǣna, þiāna, þiēna
Swedish: tjäna
Danish: tjene

/ˈθɛ.wɑ.nɔː.nɑ̃/

From *þewanaz (“servant”) + *-ōną. Compare *þewaz (“servant, slave”).


ebnōną

ebnō (active first-person indicative singular)
ebnǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
ebnōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
ebnōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
ebnōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
ebnō (active imperative second-person singular)
ebnōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
ebnōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
ebnōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
ebnō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
ebnōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
ebnōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
ebnōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
ebnōs (active dual first-person indicative)
ebnōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
ebnōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
ebnōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
ebnōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
ebnōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
ebnōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
ebnōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
ebnōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
ebnōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
ebnōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
ebnōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
ebnōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
ebnōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
ebnōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
ebnōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
ebnōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
ebnōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
ebnōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
ebnōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
ebnōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
ebnōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
ebnōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
ebnōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
ebnōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
ebnōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
ebnōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
ebnōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
ebnōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
ebnōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
ebnōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
ebnōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
ebnōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
ebnōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
ebnōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
ebnōndz (active participle present)
ebnōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *ebnōn
Old English: efnian
Middle English: evenen
English: even
Old Frisian: evenia
Old Saxon: *evanon, *effanon
Middle Low German: ēvenen, effenen
Old Dutch: *effanon
Middle Dutch: effenen
Dutch: effenen
Old High German: ebanōn
Middle High German: ebenen
German: ebnen

Old Norse: efna, jafna

Icelandic: jafna

Norwegian:

Norwegian Bokmål: jevne, jamne

Swedish: jämna

Danish: jævne

/ˈɛ.βnɔː.nɑ̃/


skaiþōną

skaiþō (active first-person indicative singular)
skaiþǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
skaiþōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
skaiþōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
skaiþōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
skaiþō (active imperative second-person singular)
skaiþōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
skaiþōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
skaiþōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
skaiþō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
skaiþōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
skaiþōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
skaiþōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
skaiþōs (active dual first-person indicative)
skaiþōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
skaiþōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
skaiþōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
skaiþōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
skaiþōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
skaiþōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
skaiþōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
skaiþōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
skaiþōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
skaiþōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
skaiþōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
skaiþōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
skaiþōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
skaiþōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
skaiþōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
skaiþōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
skaiþōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
skaiþōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
skaiþōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
skaiþōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
skaiþōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
skaiþōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
skaiþōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
skaiþōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
skaiþōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
skaiþōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
skaiþōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
skaiþōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
skaiþōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
skaiþōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
skaiþōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
skaiþōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
skaiþōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
skaiþōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
skaiþōndz (active participle present)
skaiþōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *skaiþōn

Old English: *sċēaþian

Middle English: shethen

English: sheath

Old Norse: skeiða

Icelandic: skeiða

/ˈskɑi̯.θɔː.nɑ̃/


naudigōną

naudigō (active first-person indicative singular)
naudigǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
naudigōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
naudigōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
naudigōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
naudigō (active imperative second-person singular)
naudigōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
naudigōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
naudigōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
naudigō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
naudigōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
naudigōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
naudigōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
naudigōs (active dual first-person indicative)
naudigōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
naudigōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
naudigōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
naudigōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
naudigōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
naudigōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
naudigōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
naudigōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
naudigōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
naudigōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
naudigōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
naudigōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
naudigōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
naudigōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
naudigōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
naudigōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
naudigōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
naudigōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
naudigōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
naudigōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
naudigōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
naudigōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
naudigōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
naudigōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
naudigōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
naudigōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
naudigōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
naudigōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
naudigōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
naudigōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
naudigōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
naudigōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
naudigōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
naudigōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
naudigōndz (active participle present)
naudigōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *naudigōn
Old Frisian: nêdigia
West Frisian: noadzje, noegje, needzje
Old Saxon: *nōdigon
Middle Low German: nōdigen, nȫdigen
Old Dutch: *nōdigon
Middle Dutch: nôdigen
Dutch: nodigen (rare)
⇒ Dutch: uitnodigen
Old High German: nōtagōn, nōtīgōn, nōtigōn
Middle High German: nōtigen
German: nötigen

Old Norse: nauðga
Icelandic: nauðga
Faroese: neyðga
Old Swedish: nöþgha
⇒ Swedish: nödgas

/ˈnɑu̯.ði.ɣɔː.nɑ̃/

From *naudigaz (“wanted, needed”) + *-ōną.


skapōną

skapō (active first-person indicative singular)
skapǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
skapōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
skapōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
skapōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
skapō (active imperative second-person singular)
skapōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
skapōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
skapōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
skapō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
skapōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
skapōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
skapōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
skapōs (active dual first-person indicative)
skapōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
skapōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
skapōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
skapōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
skapōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
skapōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
skapōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
skapōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
skapōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
skapōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
skapōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
skapōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
skapōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
skapōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
skapōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
skapōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
skapōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
skapōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
skapōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
skapōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
skapōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
skapōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
skapōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
skapōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
skapōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
skapōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
skapōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
skapōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
skapōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
skapōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
skapōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
skapōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
skapōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
skapōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
skapōndz (active participle present)
skapōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *skapōn
Old English: *skapian
Middle English: schapen
English: shape
Old Saxon: *skapōn
Middle Low German: schapen
Low German: schapen
Old Dutch: skapon
Middle Dutch: schapen
Dutch: schapen
Old High German: skaffōn
Middle High German: schaffen
German: schaffen
→ Low German: schaffen
→ Dutch: schaffen
→ Saterland Frisian: skafje, schafje
→ Danish: skaffe
→ Faroese: skaffa
→ Swedish: skaffa

Old Norse: skapa, skepja
Icelandic: skapa, skepja
Faroese: skapa
Norwegian Bokmål: skape
Norwegian Nynorsk: skape, skapa
Old Swedish: skapa
Swedish: skapa
Danish: skabe


skimōną

skimō (active first-person indicative singular)
skimǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
skimōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
skimōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
skimōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
skimō (active imperative second-person singular)
skimōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
skimōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
skimōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
skimō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
skimōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
skimōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
skimōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
skimōs (active dual first-person indicative)
skimōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
skimōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
skimōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
skimōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
skimōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
skimōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
skimōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
skimōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
skimōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
skimōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
skimōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
skimōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
skimōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
skimōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
skimōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
skimōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
skimōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
skimōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
skimōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
skimōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
skimōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
skimōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
skimōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
skimōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
skimōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
skimōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
skimōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
skimōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
skimōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
skimōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
skimōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
skimōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
skimōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
skimōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
skimōndz (active participle present)
skimōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *skimōn
Old English: scimian
Old Saxon: *skimōn
Middle Low German: schēmen
Old Dutch: *skimon
Middle Dutch: schēmen
Old High German: *skimōn
Middle High German: schimen, schimmen

Old Norse: skima

Icelandic: skima


banōną

banō (active first-person indicative singular)
banǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
banōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
banōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
banōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
banō (active imperative second-person singular)
banōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
banōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
banōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
banō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
banōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
banōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
banōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
banōs (active dual first-person indicative)
banōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
banōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
banōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
banōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
banōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
banōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
banōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
banōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
banōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
banōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
banōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
banōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
banōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
banōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
banōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
banōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
banōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
banōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
banōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
banōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
banōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
banōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
banōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
banōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
banōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
banōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
banōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
banōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
banōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
banōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
banōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
banōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
banōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
banōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
banōndz (active participle present)
banōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *banōn
Old English: *banian
Middle English: banen
English: bane
Old Frisian: bania
Old High German: banōn

Old Norse: bana

Faroese: bana

Icelandic: bana

From *banô (“murderer, killer, death”) + *-ōną.


fullōną

fullō (active first-person indicative singular)
fullǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
fullōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
fullōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
fullōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
fullō (active imperative second-person singular)
fullōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
fullōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
fullōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
fullō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
fullōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
fullōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
fullōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
fullōs (active dual first-person indicative)
fullōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
fullōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
fullōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
fullōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
fullōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
fullōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
fullōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
fullōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
fullōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
fullōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
fullōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
fullōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
fullōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
fullōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
fullōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
fullōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
fullōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
fullōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
fullōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
fullōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
fullōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
fullōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
fullōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
fullōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
fullōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
fullōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
fullōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
fullōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
fullōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
fullōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
fullōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
fullōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
fullōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
fullōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
fullōndz (active participle present)
fullōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *fullōn
Old English: fullian
Middle English: fullen
Old Frisian: fullia
Old Saxon: fullōn
Old High German: follōn
Middle High German: follen

Old Norse: fulla (Old East Norse)


raibōną

raibō (active first-person indicative singular)
raibǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
raibōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
raibōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
raibōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
raibō (active imperative second-person singular)
raibōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
raibōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
raibōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
raibō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
raibōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
raibōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
raibōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
raibōs (active dual first-person indicative)
raibōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
raibōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
raibōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
raibōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
raibōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
raibōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
raibōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
raibōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
raibōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
raibōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
raibōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
raibōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
raibōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
raibōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
raibōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
raibōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
raibōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
raibōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
raibōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
raibōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
raibōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
raibōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
raibōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
raibōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
raibōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
raibōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
raibōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
raibōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
raibōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
raibōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
raibōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
raibōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
raibōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
raibōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
raibōndz (active participle present)
raibōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *raibōn
Old English: *rāfian
⇒ Old English: ārāfian
>? Old High German: reibōn (to repair)

Old Norse: reifa

Faroese: reiva

Icelandic: reifa

From *raibō (“swaddling cloth, wrap”) + *-ōną.


sainōną

sainō (active first-person indicative singular)
sainǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
sainōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
sainōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
sainōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
sainō (active imperative second-person singular)
sainōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
sainōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
sainōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
sainō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
sainōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
sainōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
sainōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
sainōs (active dual first-person indicative)
sainōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
sainōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
sainōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
sainōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
sainōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
sainōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
sainōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
sainōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
sainōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
sainōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
sainōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
sainōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
sainōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
sainōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
sainōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
sainōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
sainōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
sainōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
sainōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
sainōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
sainōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
sainōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
sainōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
sainōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
sainōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
sainōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
sainōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
sainōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
sainōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
sainōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
sainōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
sainōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
sainōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
sainōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
sainōndz (active participle present)
sainōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *sainōn
Old English: sānian
Old High German: *sainōn
Middle High German: seinen

Old Norse: seina

Icelandic: seina