kussijaną

kussijō (active first-person indicative singular)
kussijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
kussijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
kussīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
kussijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
kussī (active imperative second-person singular)
kussijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
kussijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
kussīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
kussijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
kussijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
kussijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
kussijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
kussijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
kussijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
kussijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
kussijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
kussijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
kussijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
kussijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
kussijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
kussijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
kussīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
kussijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
kussīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
kussijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
kussijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
kussijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
kussijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
kussijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
kussijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
kussijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
kussidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
kussidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
kussidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
kussidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
kussidē (active indicative singular third-person)
kussidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
kussidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
kussidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
kussidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
kussidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
kussidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
kussidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
kussidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
kussidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
kussidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
kussidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
kussijandz (active participle present)
kussidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *kussijan
Old English: cyssan
Middle English: kissen, cusse, cussen, kess, kessen, kis, kiss, kisse, kysse, kussen
English: kiss
→ Esperanto: kisi
Scots: kiss
Yola: kisth (preterite)
Old Frisian: kessa
Old Saxon: kussian
Middle Low German: kussen
Low German: küssen
Plautdietsch: kussen
Old Dutch: *cussen
Middle Dutch: cussen
Dutch: kussen
Afrikaans: kus
Limburgish: kösse, kösje
Old High German: kussen
Middle High German: küssen, kussen
German: küssen
Hunsrik: kisse
Luxembourgish: këssen
Yiddish: קושן (kushn)

Old Norse: kyssa
Icelandic: kyssa
Faroese: kyssa
Norwegian Nynorsk: kyssa; (dialectal) kjøssa, kissa
Norwegian Bokmål: kysse
Old Swedish: kyssa
Swedish: kyssa
Danish: kysse
Gutnish: kyssa, kysse


beuganą

beugō (active first-person indicative singular)
beugaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
beugai (first-person indicative passive singular)
biugizi (active indicative second-person singular)
beugaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
beug (active imperative second-person singular)
beugazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
beugaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
biugidi (active indicative singular third-person)
beugai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
beugadau (active imperative singular third-person)
beugadai (indicative passive singular third-person)
beugaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
beugōz (active dual first-person indicative)
beugaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
beugadiz (active dual indicative second-person)
beugaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
beugadiz (active dual imperative second-person)
beugamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
beugaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
beugandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
beugaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
biugid (active indicative plural second-person)
beugaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
biugid (active imperative plural second-person)
beugandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
beugaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
beugandi (active indicative plural third-person)
beugain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
beugandau (active imperative plural third-person)
beugandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
beugaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
baug (active first-person indicative singular)
bugį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
bauht (active indicative second-person singular)
bugīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
baug (active indicative singular third-person)
bugī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
bugū (active dual first-person indicative)
bugīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
bugudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
bugīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
bugum (active first-person indicative plural)
bugīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
bugud (active indicative plural second-person)
bugīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
bugun (active indicative plural third-person)
bugīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
beugandz (active participle present)
buganaz (active participle past subjunctive)
*būganą (alternative)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *beugan
Old English: būgan
Middle English: bowen, bouȝen, buȝen, bouwen, buwen, bowe
English: (to) bow
Scots: (to) boo
Old Saxon: būgan
Middle Low German: būgen
Low German: bugen
Old Dutch: *būgan
Middle Dutch: bugen
Dutch: buigen
Limburgish: buge
Old High German: biogan
Middle High German: biegen
German: biegen
Luxembourgish: béien

Old Norse: bjúga, búga

Swedish: buga

Norwegian: bue

Danish: bue

Gothic: 𐌱𐌹𐌿𐌲𐌰𐌽 (biugan)

From Proto-Indo-European *bʰewgʰ- (“to bend”). Cognate with Sanskrit भुजति (bhujáti, “to bend, curve”).


blōtaną

blōtō (active first-person indicative singular)
blōtaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
blōtai (first-person indicative passive singular)
blōtizi (active indicative second-person singular)
blōtaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
blōt (active imperative second-person singular)
blōtazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
blōtaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
blōtidi (active indicative singular third-person)
blōtai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
blōtadau (active imperative singular third-person)
blōtadai (indicative passive singular third-person)
blōtaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
blōtōz (active dual first-person indicative)
blōtaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
blōtadiz (active dual indicative second-person)
blōtaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
blōtadiz (active dual imperative second-person)
blōtamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
blōtaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
blōtandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
blōtaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
blōtid (active indicative plural second-person)
blōtaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
blōtid (active imperative plural second-person)
blōtandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
blōtaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
blōtandi (active indicative plural third-person)
blōtain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
blōtandau (active imperative plural third-person)
blōtandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
blōtaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
beblōt (active first-person indicative singular)
beblōtį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
beblōst (active indicative second-person singular)
beblōtīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
beblōt (active indicative singular third-person)
beblōtī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
beblōtū (active dual first-person indicative)
beblōtīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
beblōtudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
beblōtīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
beblōtum (active first-person indicative plural)
beblōtīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
beblōtud (active indicative plural second-person)
beblōtīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
beblōtun (active indicative plural third-person)
beblōtīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
blōtandz (active participle present)
blōtanaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *blōtan
Old English: blōtan
Old High German: bluozan, pluozan, plozzan

Old Norse: blóta

Icelandic: blóta

Faroese: blóta

Norwegian Nynorsk: blóta

Old Swedish: blōta

Swedish: blota

→ Danish: blote

Gothic: 𐌱𐌻𐍉𐍄𐌰𐌽 (blōtan)


hailijaną

hailijō (active first-person indicative singular)
hailijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
hailijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
hailīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
hailijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
hailī (active imperative second-person singular)
hailijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
hailijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
hailīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
hailijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
hailijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
hailijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
hailijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
hailijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
hailijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
hailijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
hailijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
hailijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
hailijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
hailijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
hailijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
hailijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
hailīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
hailijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
hailīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
hailijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
hailijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
hailijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
hailijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
hailijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
hailijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
hailijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
hailidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
hailidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
hailidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
hailidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
hailidē (active indicative singular third-person)
hailidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
hailidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
hailidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
hailidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
hailidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
hailidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
hailidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
hailidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
hailidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
hailidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
hailidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
hailijandz (active participle present)
hailidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *hailijan
Old English: hǣlan
Middle English: helen
English: heal
→ Dutch: healen
Scots: heal
Old Frisian: hēla
Saterland Frisian: heila
West Frisian: hielje
Old Saxon: hēlian
Middle Low German: hêlen
Low German: helen
Old Dutch: heilen, hēlen
Middle Dutch: helen, heilen
Dutch: helen
Afrikaans: heel
Limburgish: heile
Old High German: heilen
Middle High German: heilen
Cimbrian: hailan
German: heilen
Hunsrik: heele
Luxembourgish: heelen
Yiddish: היילן (heyln)

Old Norse: heila

Faroese: heila

Norwegian: heila, heile

Old Swedish: hēla
Swedish: hela

Danish: hele

Gutnish: haile

Gothic: 𐌷𐌰𐌹𐌻𐌾𐌰𐌽 (hailjan)

From *hailaz (“whole, healthy”) + *-janą.


hailagōną

hailagō (active first-person indicative singular)
hailagǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
hailagōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
hailagōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
hailagōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
hailagō (active imperative second-person singular)
hailagōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
hailagōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
hailagōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
hailagō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
hailagōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
hailagōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
hailagōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
hailagōs (active dual first-person indicative)
hailagōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
hailagōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
hailagōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
hailagōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
hailagōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
hailagōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
hailagōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
hailagōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
hailagōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
hailagōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
hailagōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
hailagōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
hailagōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
hailagōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
hailagōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
hailagōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
hailagōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
hailagōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
hailagōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
hailagōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
hailagōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
hailagōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
hailagōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
hailagōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
hailagōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
hailagōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
hailagōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
hailagōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
hailagōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
hailagōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
hailagōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
hailagōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
hailagōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
hailagōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
hailagōndz (active participle present)
hailagōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *hailagōn
Old English: *hālegian, hāligian, hālgian
Middle English: halwen
English: hallow
Scots: halow, hallow
Old Frisian: hēligia
Saterland Frisian: heligje
West Frisian: hilligje
Old Saxon: hēlagon
Middle Low German: hilligen, hilgen, helligen, hêiligen
German Low German: hilligen
Old Dutch: *heiligon
Middle Dutch: heiligen, hēligen
Dutch: heiligen
Afrikaans: heilig
Old High German: heilagon
Middle High German: heiligen
German: heiligen
→ Danish: hellige

Old Norse: helga

Icelandic: helga

Faroese: halga

Norwegian: hellige

Old Swedish: hælgha

Swedish: helga

Danish: hellige

/ˈxɑi̯.lɑ.ɣɔː.nɑ̃/


þakjaną

þakjō (active first-person indicative singular)
þakjaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
þakjai (first-person indicative passive singular)
þakisi (active indicative second-person singular)
þakjais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
þaki (active imperative second-person singular)
þakjasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
þakjaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
þakiþi (active indicative singular third-person)
þakjai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
þakjaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
þakjaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
þakjaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
þakjōs (active dual first-person indicative)
þakjaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
þakjaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
þakjaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
þakjaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
þakjamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
þakjaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
þakjanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
þakjainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
þakiþ (active indicative plural second-person)
þakjaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
þakiþ (active imperative plural second-person)
þakjanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
þakjainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
þakjanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
þakjain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
þakjanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
þakjanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
þakjainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
þakidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
þakidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
þakidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
þakidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
þakidē (active indicative singular third-person)
þakidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
þakidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
þakidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
þakidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
þakidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
þakidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
þakidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
þakidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
þakidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
þakidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
þakidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
þakjandz (active participle present)
þakidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *þakkjan
Old English: þeċċean, þeċċan
Middle English: thecchen, theken (unassibilated form possibly from Old Norse þekja)
Scots: theke, theik, thack
English: thatch
Yola: detch
Old Frisian: thekka, thekkia
Saterland Frisian: däkke
West Frisian: dekke
Old Saxon: thekkian
Middle Low German: decken
German Low German: decken
Old Dutch: thecken
Middle Dutch: decken
Dutch: dekken
Limburgish: dèkke
Old High German: decchen
Middle High German: decken
German: decken
Luxembourgish: decken

Old Norse: þekja
Icelandic: þekja
Faroese: tekja
Norwegian: tekkja
Old Swedish: þækkia
Swedish: täcka
Danish: tække
Norwegian Bokmål: tekke
Gutnish: täkke, täkk'


þakjaną

Proto-West Germanic: *þakkjan
Old English: þeċċan
Old High German: *dahhen
⇒ Old High German: dahhazen

Possibly from a Proto-Indo-European *teh₂ǵ- (“burn”), and tentatively cognate with Ancient Greek τήγανον (tḗganon), τάγηνον (tágēnon, “frying pan”).


þrukkijaną

þrukkijō (active first-person indicative singular)
þrukkijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
þrukkijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
þrukkīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
þrukkijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
þrukkī (active imperative second-person singular)
þrukkijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
þrukkijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
þrukkīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
þrukkijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
þrukkijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
þrukkijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
þrukkijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
þrukkijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
þrukkijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
þrukkijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
þrukkijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
þrukkijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
þrukkijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
þrukkijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
þrukkijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
þrukkijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
þrukkīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
þrukkijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
þrukkīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
þrukkijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
þrukkijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
þrukkijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
þrukkijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
þrukkijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
þrukkijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
þrukkijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
þrukkidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
þrukkidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
þrukkidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
þrukkidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
þrukkidē (active indicative singular third-person)
þrukkidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
þrukkidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
þrukkidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
þrukkidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
þrukkidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
þrukkidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
þrukkidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
þrukkidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
þrukkidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
þrukkidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
þrukkidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
þrukkijandz (active participle present)
þrukkidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *þrukkijan
Old English: þryċċan
Middle English: thrucchen, thrycchen, thricchen
English: thrutch (dialectal), druck
Middle English: *threkken, threken
English: thrack
Scots: thratch, thrack
Old Frisian: thretza, thrikka
West Frisian: druwckjen, drukke
Old Saxon: thrukkian
Middle Low German: drücken
German Low German: drücken
→ West Frisian: drukke
Old Dutch: *thrucken
Middle Dutch: drucken
Dutch: drukken
Afrikaans: druk
→ Caribbean Javanese: nggedrig
→ Papiamentu: drùk, druk
Limburgish: drókke, drökke
Old High German: drucchen, drukken, drucchan
Middle High German: drücken, drucken
Bavarian: druckn
Cimbrian: drukhan
German: drücken (“press”), drucken (“print”)
→ Ladin: druché
→ Low German: drucken
→ Polish: drukować
→ Belarusian: друкава́ць (drukavácʹ)
→ Ukrainian: друкува́ти (drukuváty)
→ Yiddish: דרוקן (drukn)
Luxembourgish: drécken
Yiddish: דריקן (drikn)

Old Norse: þrykkja

Icelandic: þrykkja

Faroese: trykkja

Norwegian Nynorsk: trykkja

Old Swedish: þrykkia
Swedish: trycka

Old Danish: thrykiæ

Danish: trykke

Norwegian Bokmål: trykke

→ Norwegian Nynorsk: trykka

From Proto-Indo-European *trewk- (“to press on and break”); cognates outside of Germanic include Welsh trychu (“to cut”), Lithuanian trū́kti (“to tear into pieces, burst”), trùkti (“to last, continue”). Other theories derive the root from Proto-Indo-European *terh₁- (“to rub, bore, twist”).
Has been suggested as the origin of Vulgar Latin *trūdicāre, but this appears unlikely.


hehait

Old English: heht

Middle English: hight, hicht

English: hight

first/third-person singular past active indicative of *haitaną


aiganaz

Adjectival formation from *aiganą (“to own, possess”).


kannijaną

kannijō (active first-person indicative singular)
kannijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
kannijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
kannīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
kannijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
kannī (active imperative second-person singular)
kannijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
kannijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
kannīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
kannijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
kannijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
kannijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
kannijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
kannijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
kannijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
kannijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
kannijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
kannijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
kannijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
kannijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
kannijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
kannijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
kannīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
kannijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
kannīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
kannijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
kannijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
kannijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
kannijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
kannijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
kannijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
kannijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
kannidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
kannidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
kannidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
kannidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
kannidē (active indicative singular third-person)
kannidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
kannidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
kannidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
kannidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
kannidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
kannidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
kannidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
kannidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
kannidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
kannidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
kannidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
kannijandz (active participle present)
kannidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *kannijan
Old English: cennan
Middle English: kennen, kenin
English: ken
Scots: ken
Yola: ee-kent (ppl.)
Old Frisian: kenna
West Frisian: kenne
Old Saxon: kennian
Low German: kennen
Old Dutch: kennen
Middle Dutch: kennen
Dutch: kennen
Afrikaans: ken
Negerhollands: ken
Limburgish: kènne, kinne
Old High German: *kennen
Middle High German: kennen
Alemannic German: kenne
Bavarian: kenna
Cimbrian: khennen, khénnan (Sette Comuni)
Mòcheno: kennen
Central Franconian: kenne
German: kennen
Luxembourgish: kennen
Pennsylvania German: kenne
Vilamovian: kenna
Yiddish: קענען (kenen)

Old Norse: kenna
Icelandic: kenna
Faroese: kenna
Norn: kenna
Norwegian Nynorsk: kjenna
→ Norwegian Bokmål: kjenne
Elfdalian: kenna
Old Swedish: kænna
Swedish: känna
Old Danish: kænnæ
Danish: kende
Scanian: kænða
Gutnish: känne

Gothic: 𐌺𐌰𐌽𐌽𐌾𐌰𐌽 (kannjan)

From *kunnaną (“to know”) + *-janą (“causative suffix”).


strīkaną

strīkō (active first-person indicative singular)
strīkaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
strīkai (first-person indicative passive singular)
strīkizi (active indicative second-person singular)
strīkaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
strīk (active imperative second-person singular)
strīkazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
strīkaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
strīkidi (active indicative singular third-person)
strīkai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
strīkadau (active imperative singular third-person)
strīkadai (indicative passive singular third-person)
strīkaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
strīkōz (active dual first-person indicative)
strīkaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
strīkadiz (active dual indicative second-person)
strīkaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
strīkadiz (active dual imperative second-person)
strīkamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
strīkaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
strīkandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
strīkaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
strīkid (active indicative plural second-person)
strīkaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
strīkid (active imperative plural second-person)
strīkandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
strīkaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
strīkandi (active indicative plural third-person)
strīkain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
strīkandau (active imperative plural third-person)
strīkandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
strīkaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
straik (active first-person indicative singular)
strikį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
straiht (active indicative second-person singular)
strikīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
straik (active indicative singular third-person)
strikī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
strikū (active dual first-person indicative)
strikīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
strikudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
strikīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
strikum (active first-person indicative plural)
strikīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
strikud (active indicative plural second-person)
strikīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
strikun (active indicative plural third-person)
strikīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
strīkandz (active participle present)
strikanaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *strīkan
Old English: strīcan
Middle English: striken
Scots: strik, stryke, strike
English: strike
→ Esperanto: striko
Ido: striko
→ German: streiken, Streik
Old Frisian: strīka
Saterland Frisian: strieke
Old Saxon: strīkan
Middle Low German: strîken
Low German: strieken
Old Dutch: *strīcan
Middle Dutch: striken
Dutch: strijken
Afrikaans: stryk
Limburgish: strieke
→ Middle French: estriquer
French: étriquer
Old High German: strīhhan
Middle High German: strīchen
Central Franconian:
Hunsrik: streiche
Luxembourgish: sträichen
German: streichen
Rhine Franconian: streiche, streische, striche, stroiche, stroische

⇒ Old Norse: strýkva, strýkja

Icelandic: strýkva, strýkja

Faroese: strúka

From Proto-Indo-European *streyg- (“to stroke, rub, press”). Compare also *streukaną (“to stroke”), which appears to be unrelated, despite strikingly similar phonetics and semantics.


biumi

Old English: bēom, bīom

Middle English: *beon, *ben, beo, be

English: bin, be (dialectal or non-standard)

Old Frisian: bem, ben

North Frisian: ban (Mooring), bän (Hallig)

Saterland Frisian: bän

West Frisian: bin

desctree

Old Saxon: bīum, bīom, bīon
Middle Low German: bün, bin
Dutch Low Saxon: bun
German Low German: bün, bin

Old Dutch: bim

Middle Dutch: bim, bin

Dutch: ben

Jersey Dutch: bän

Limburgish: bön

Old High German: bim

Middle High German: bin

Alemannic German: bi, bin

Swabian: bin, ben, bee

Bavarian: bin

Cimbrian: pin, pinn

German: bin

Pennsylvania German: bin

Yiddish: בין (bin)

first-person singular present active indicative of *beuną


wēnijaną

wēnijō (active first-person indicative singular)
wēnijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
wēnijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
wēnīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
wēnijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
wēnī (active imperative second-person singular)
wēnijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
wēnijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
wēnīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
wēnijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
wēnijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
wēnijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
wēnijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
wēnijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
wēnijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
wēnijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
wēnijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
wēnijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
wēnijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
wēnijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
wēnijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
wēnijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
wēnīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
wēnijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
wēnīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
wēnijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
wēnijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
wēnijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
wēnijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
wēnijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
wēnijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
wēnijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
wēnidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
wēnidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
wēnidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
wēnidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
wēnidē (active indicative singular third-person)
wēnidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
wēnidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
wēnidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
wēnidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
wēnidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
wēnidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
wēnidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
wēnidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
wēnidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
wēnidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
wēnidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
wēnijandz (active participle present)
wēnidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *wānijan
Old English: wǣnan, wēnan
Middle English: wenen
Scots: wen, wene, ween
English: ween
Old Frisian: wēna
Old Saxon: wānian
Middle Low German: wânen
Old Dutch: wānen
Middle Dutch: wânen
Dutch: wanen
Old High German: wānen
Middle High German: wænen
German: wähnen

Old Norse: væna

Icelandic: væna, í vændum

Faroese: væna

Old Swedish: vǣna

Gothic: 𐍅𐌴𐌽𐌾𐌰𐌽 (wēnjan)

From *wēniz (“hope, expectation”) + *-janą.

to ween, think (be of a certain opinion)


waikwijaną

waikwijō (active first-person indicative singular)
waikwijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
waikwijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
waikwīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
waikwijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
waikwī (active imperative second-person singular)
waikwijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
waikwijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
waikwīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
waikwijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
waikwijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
waikwijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
waikwijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
waikwijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
waikwijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
waikwijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
waikwijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
waikwijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
waikwijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
waikwijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
waikwijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
waikwijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
waikwīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
waikwijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
waikwīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
waikwijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
waikwijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
waikwijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
waikwijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
waikwijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
waikwijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
waikwijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
waikwidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
waikwidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
waikwidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
waikwidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
waikwidē (active indicative singular third-person)
waikwidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
waikwidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
waikwidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
waikwidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
waikwidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
waikwidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
waikwidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
waikwidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
waikwidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
waikwidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
waikwidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
waikwijandz (active participle present)
waikwidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *waikwijan
Old English: wǣcan
Old Frisian: wēka
Old Saxon: *wēkian
Middle Low German: weiken
Old Dutch: wēken
Middle Dutch: wēken, weiken
Dutch: weken
Afrikaans: week
Limburgish: weike
Old High German: weihhen
Middle High German: weichen
Cimbrian: bòochan
German: weichen
Luxembourgish: weechen
→ Old French: avachir
Middle French: avachir
French: avachir

Old Norse: veikja

Icelandic: veikja

Faroese: veikja

Old Swedish: vēkia

From *waikwaz (“weak”) + *-janą or *wīkwaną (“to yield, to fold”) + *-janą, which would make the original sense of this word 'to cause to yield'.


jesaną

jesō (active first-person indicative singular)
jesaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
jesai (first-person indicative passive singular)
jisizi (active indicative second-person singular)
jesaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
jes (active imperative second-person singular)
jesazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
jesaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
jisidi (active indicative singular third-person)
jesai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
jesadau (active imperative singular third-person)
jesadai (indicative passive singular third-person)
jesaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
jesōz (active dual first-person indicative)
jesaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
jesadiz (active dual indicative second-person)
jesaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
jesadiz (active dual imperative second-person)
jesamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
jesaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
jesandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
jesaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
jisid (active indicative plural second-person)
jesaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
jisid (active imperative plural second-person)
jesandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
jesaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
jesandi (active indicative plural third-person)
jesain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
jesandau (active imperative plural third-person)
jesandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
jesaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
jas (active first-person indicative singular)
jēzį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
jast (active indicative second-person singular)
jēzīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
jas (active indicative singular third-person)
jēzī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
jēzū (active dual first-person indicative)
jēzīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
jēzudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
jēzīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
jēzum (active first-person indicative plural)
jēzīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
jēzud (active indicative plural second-person)
jēzīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
jēzun (active indicative plural third-person)
jēzīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
jesandz (active participle present)
jezanaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Old Frisian: *jesa

Saterland Frisian: jeese

Old High German: jesan, gesan

Middle High German: jësen, gësen, gëren

German: gären

(Old Norse: œsa (wk))

(Icelandic: æsa)

Norwegian: asa (dialectal); (esja, æsa (wk) (dialectal))

Swedish: jäsa, esa (dialectal)

Elfdalian: jäso (str)

From Proto-Indo-European *yes- (“to well, seethe, foam, ferment”).


jazjaną

jazjō (active first-person indicative singular)
jazjaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
jazjai (first-person indicative passive singular)
jazisi (active indicative second-person singular)
jazjais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
jazi (active imperative second-person singular)
jazjasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
jazjaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
jaziþi (active indicative singular third-person)
jazjai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
jazjaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
jazjaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
jazjaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
jazjōs (active dual first-person indicative)
jazjaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
jazjaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
jazjaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
jazjaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
jazjamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
jazjaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
jazjanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
jazjainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
jaziþ (active indicative plural second-person)
jazjaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
jaziþ (active imperative plural second-person)
jazjanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
jazjainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
jazjanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
jazjain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
jazjanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
jazjanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
jazjainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
jazidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
jazidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
jazidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
jazidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
jazidē (active indicative singular third-person)
jazidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
jazidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
jazidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
jazidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
jazidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
jazidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
jazidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
jazidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
jazidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
jazidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
jazidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
jazjandz (active participle present)
jazidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Old Dutch: *gerien

Middle Dutch: geren

desc

Old High German: jerjan, gerjan, jerien, gerien

Middle High German: jern, gern

German: gären

→ Danish: gære

→ Faroese: gera

Luxembourgish: gären


bannaną

bannō (active first-person indicative singular)
bannaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
bannai (first-person indicative passive singular)
bannizi (active indicative second-person singular)
bannaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
bann (active imperative second-person singular)
bannazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
bannaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
bannidi (active indicative singular third-person)
bannai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
bannadau (active imperative singular third-person)
bannadai (indicative passive singular third-person)
bannaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
bannōz (active dual first-person indicative)
bannaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
bannadiz (active dual indicative second-person)
bannaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
bannadiz (active dual imperative second-person)
bannamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
bannaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
bannandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
bannaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
bannid (active indicative plural second-person)
bannaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
bannid (active imperative plural second-person)
bannandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
bannaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
bannandi (active indicative plural third-person)
bannain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
bannandau (active imperative plural third-person)
bannandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
bannaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
beban (active first-person indicative singular)
bebann (active first-person indicative singular)
bebannį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
bebant (active indicative second-person singular)
bebannt (active indicative second-person singular)
bebannīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
beban (active indicative singular third-person)
bebann (active indicative singular third-person)
bebannī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
bebannū (active dual first-person indicative)
bebannīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
bebannudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
bebannīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
bebannum (active first-person indicative plural)
bebannīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
bebannud (active indicative plural second-person)
bebannīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
bebannun (active indicative plural third-person)
bebannīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
bannandz (active participle present)
bannanaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *bannan
Old English: bannan
Middle English: bannen, bonnen
English: ban
Scots: ban
Old Frisian: banna
Saterland Frisian: banne
West Frisian: banne
Old Saxon: bannan
Middle Low German: bannan, *bannen
Low German: bannen
Old Dutch: *bannan
Middle Dutch: bannen
Dutch: bannen
Afrikaans: ban
Negerhollands: bannen
→ Papiamentu: ban, bant
Old High German: pannan, bannan
Middle High German: bannen
German: bannen
→ Luxembourgish: bannen
→ Late Latin: banniō (see there for further descendants)

Old Norse: banna

Icelandic: banna

Faroese: banna

Norwegian Nynorsk: banna

Swedish: banna

Danish: bande

Norwegian Bokmål: banne

→ Middle English: banne(n)

Scots: ban (“to curse”)

From Pre-Germanic *bʰh₂-nw-, a zero grade nu-present form of Proto-Indo-European *bʰeh₂- (“to speak”), similar in form to Vedic Sanskrit भनति (bhánati, “idem”). The cluster -nw- seems to have caused gemination; see *kinnuz, *þunnuz for the same development.


blaikijaną

blaikijō (active first-person indicative singular)
blaikijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
blaikijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
blaikīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
blaikijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
blaikī (active imperative second-person singular)
blaikijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
blaikijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
blaikīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
blaikijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
blaikijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
blaikijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
blaikijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
blaikijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
blaikijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
blaikijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
blaikijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
blaikijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
blaikijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
blaikijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
blaikijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
blaikijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
blaikīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
blaikijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
blaikīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
blaikijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
blaikijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
blaikijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
blaikijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
blaikijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
blaikijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
blaikijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
blaikidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
blaikidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
blaikidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
blaikidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
blaikidē (active indicative singular third-person)
blaikidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
blaikidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
blaikidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
blaikidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
blaikidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
blaikidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
blaikidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
blaikidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
blaikidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
blaikidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
blaikidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
blaikijandz (active participle present)
blaikidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *blaikijan
Old English: blǣċan
Middle English: blechen, bleken
English: bleach
Scots: bleche, bleitch
Yola: ee-blighte (ppl.)
Old Saxon: blēkian
Middle Low German: blēken, bleiken
Low German: bleken
Old Dutch: *blēken
Middle Dutch: bleken
Dutch: bleken, bleiken
Afrikaans: bleek, bleik
Old High German: bleihhen
Middle High German: bleichen
German: bleichen (merged with *blīkaną)
Luxembourgish: bleechen

Old Norse: bleikja
Icelandic: bleikja
Faroese: bleikja
Norwegian Nynorsk: bleikja
→ Norwegian Bokmål: bleike
Old Swedish: blēkia
Swedish: bleka
Danish: blege
Norwegian Bokmål: bleke

→? Proto-Finnic: *lëik'at'ak (see there for further descendants)

From *blīkaną (“to shine”) + *-janą or *blaikaz (“pale”) + *-janą, both from the same root.


wīkwaną

wīkwō (active first-person indicative singular)
wīkwaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
wīkwai (first-person indicative passive singular)
wīkwizi (active indicative second-person singular)
wīkwaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
wīkw (active imperative second-person singular)
wīkwazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
wīkwaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
wīkwidi (active indicative singular third-person)
wīkwai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
wīkwadau (active imperative singular third-person)
wīkwadai (indicative passive singular third-person)
wīkwaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
wīkwōz (active dual first-person indicative)
wīkwaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
wīkwadiz (active dual indicative second-person)
wīkwaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
wīkwadiz (active dual imperative second-person)
wīkwamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
wīkwaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
wīkwandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
wīkwaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
wīkwid (active indicative plural second-person)
wīkwaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
wīkwid (active imperative plural second-person)
wīkwandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
wīkwaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
wīkwandi (active indicative plural third-person)
wīkwain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
wīkwandau (active imperative plural third-person)
wīkwandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
wīkwaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
waikw (active first-person indicative singular)
wikwį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
waiht (active indicative second-person singular)
wikwīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
waikw (active indicative singular third-person)
wikwī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
wikwū (active dual first-person indicative)
wikwīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
wikwudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
wikwīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
wikwum (active first-person indicative plural)
wikwīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
wikwud (active indicative plural second-person)
wikwīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
wikwun (active indicative plural third-person)
wikwīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
wīkwandz (active participle present)
wikwanaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *wīkwan (“to yield”)
Old English: wīcan
Middle English: wiken
English: wick (“to strike aslant”)
Scots: wick
Old Frisian: wīka
Saterland Frisian: wieke
West Frisian: wike, wyke
Old Saxon: wīkan
Middle Low German: wîken
German Low German: wieken
Old Dutch: *wīcan
Middle Dutch: wiken
Dutch: wijken
Afrikaans: wyk
Limburgish: wieke
Old High German: wīhhan
Middle High German: wīchen
Cimbrian: baichan
German: weichen

desc

Old Norse: ýkva, víkva, víkja (“to turn, move”)

Icelandic: víkja (“to yield”)

Faroese: víkja

Norwegian Bokmål: vike

Norwegian Nynorsk: vike

Old Swedish: vīka

Swedish: vika, vik

Danish: vige

Brill Publishers
Helmut Rix
Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben

From Proto-Indo-European *h₃wéyg-we-ti, from *h₃weyg- (“to start moving; to distance oneself; to bend, wind”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬬𐬀𐬉𐬘𐬀𐬧𐬙 (vaējaṇt, “swinging”, present participle), Ancient Greek εἴκω (eíkō, “to give way”), οἴγω (oígō, “to open”), Tocharian B viśäṃ (“should stay away”, subjunctive).

vik

Old Norse: *vik (“bend, angle”); Icelandic

vik

Old Norse: *vik (“bend, angle”); Norwegian Nynorsk

veck

Old Norse: *vik (“bend, angle”); Swedish


faitijaną

faitijō (active first-person indicative singular)
faitijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
faitijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
faitīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
faitijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
faitī (active imperative second-person singular)
faitijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
faitijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
faitīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
faitijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
faitijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
faitijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
faitijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
faitijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
faitijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
faitijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
faitijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
faitijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
faitijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
faitijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
faitijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
faitijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
faitīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
faitijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
faitīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
faitijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
faitijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
faitijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
faitijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
faitijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
faitijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
faitijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
faitidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
faitidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
faitidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
faitidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
faitidē (active indicative singular third-person)
faitidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
faitidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
faitidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
faitidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
faitidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
faitidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
faitidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
faitidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
faitidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
faitidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
faitidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
faitijandz (active participle present)
faitidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *faitijan
Old English: fǣtan
Old High German: *feizen
Middle High German: veizen

Old Norse: feita

Icelandic: feita


sinkwaną

sinkwō (active first-person indicative singular)
sinkwaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
sinkwai (first-person indicative passive singular)
sinkwizi (active indicative second-person singular)
sinkwaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
sinkw (active imperative second-person singular)
sinkwazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
sinkwaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
sinkwidi (active indicative singular third-person)
sinkwai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
sinkwadau (active imperative singular third-person)
sinkwadai (indicative passive singular third-person)
sinkwaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
sinkwōz (active dual first-person indicative)
sinkwaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
sinkwadiz (active dual indicative second-person)
sinkwaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
sinkwadiz (active dual imperative second-person)
sinkwamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
sinkwaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
sinkwandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
sinkwaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
sinkwid (active indicative plural second-person)
sinkwaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
sinkwid (active imperative plural second-person)
sinkwandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
sinkwaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
sinkwandi (active indicative plural third-person)
sinkwain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
sinkwandau (active imperative plural third-person)
sinkwandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
sinkwaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
sankw (active first-person indicative singular)
sunkį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
sanht (active indicative second-person singular)
sunkīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
sankw (active indicative singular third-person)
sunkī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
sunkū (active dual first-person indicative)
sunkīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
sunkudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
sunkīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
sunkum (active first-person indicative plural)
sunkīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
sunkud (active indicative plural second-person)
sunkīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
sunkun (active indicative plural third-person)
sunkīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
sinkwandz (active participle present)
sunkanaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *sinkwan
Old English: sincan
Middle English: synken
English: sink
Scots: sink
Old Frisian: sinka
West Frisian: sinke
Old Saxon: sinkan
Middle Low German: sinken
Low German: sinken
Old Dutch: *sincan
Middle Dutch: sinken
Dutch: zinken
Limburgish: zinke
Old High German: sinkan
Middle High German: sinken
German: sinken
Luxembourgish: sénken
Yiddish: זינקען (zinken)

Old West Norse: søkkva, sænkva

Icelandic: sökkva

Faroese: søkka

Norwegian Nynorsk: søkka

→ Norwegian Bokmål: søkke

Old East Norse: *sinkva
Old Swedish: siunka
Swedish: sjunka
Old Danish: siunkæ
Danish: synke
Norwegian Bokmål: synke
Scanian: sjønka, sjonka, sækka, sjokka
Gutnish: sjunke, sinke

Gothic: 𐍃𐌹𐌲𐌵𐌰𐌽 (sigqan)

From Proto-Indo-European *sengʷ- (“to sink, to drop”). Cognate with Old Armenian անկանիմ (ankanim) and ընկենում (ənkenum).


sankwijaną

sankwijō (active first-person indicative singular)
sankwijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
sankwijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
sankwīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
sankwijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
sankwī (active imperative second-person singular)
sankwijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
sankwijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
sankwīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
sankwijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
sankwijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
sankwijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
sankwijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
sankwijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
sankwijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
sankwijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
sankwijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
sankwijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
sankwijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
sankwijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
sankwijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
sankwijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
sankwīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
sankwijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
sankwīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
sankwijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
sankwijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
sankwijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
sankwijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
sankwijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
sankwijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
sankwijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
sankwidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
sankwidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
sankwidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
sankwidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
sankwidē (active indicative singular third-person)
sankwidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
sankwidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
sankwidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
sankwidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
sankwidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
sankwidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
sankwidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
sankwidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
sankwidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
sankwidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
sankwidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
sankwijandz (active participle present)
sankwidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *sankwijan
Old English: sencan
Old Frisian: senka, senza
Old Saxon: senkian
Middle Low German: senken
Old Dutch: senken
Middle Dutch: senken
Dutch: *zenken (obsolete, only attested as sencken)
Old High German: senken
Middle High German: senken
German: senken
Luxembourgish: senken

Old West Norse: søkkva

Icelandic: sökkva

Faroese: søkkja

Norwegian Nynorsk: søkkja

Old East Norse: *sænkja

Old Swedish: sænkia

Swedish: sänka

Danish: sænke

Norwegian Bokmål: senke

→ Norwegian Nynorsk: senka

Gothic: 𐍃𐌰𐌲𐌲𐌵𐌾𐌰𐌽 (saggqjan)


saltaną

saltō (active first-person indicative singular)
saltaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
saltai (first-person indicative passive singular)
saltizi (active indicative second-person singular)
saltaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
salt (active imperative second-person singular)
saltazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
saltaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
saltidi (active indicative singular third-person)
saltai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
saltadau (active imperative singular third-person)
saltadai (indicative passive singular third-person)
saltaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
saltōz (active dual first-person indicative)
saltaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
saltadiz (active dual indicative second-person)
saltaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
saltadiz (active dual imperative second-person)
saltamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
saltaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
saltandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
saltaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
saltid (active indicative plural second-person)
saltaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
saltid (active imperative plural second-person)
saltandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
saltaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
saltandi (active indicative plural third-person)
saltain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
saltandau (active imperative plural third-person)
saltandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
saltaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
sezalt (active first-person indicative singular)
sezaltį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
sezalst (active indicative second-person singular)
sezaltīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
sezalt (active indicative singular third-person)
sezaltī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
sezaltū (active dual first-person indicative)
sezaltīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
sezaltudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
sezaltīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
sezaltum (active first-person indicative plural)
sezaltīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
sezaltud (active indicative plural second-person)
sezaltīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
sezaltun (active indicative plural third-person)
sezaltīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
saltandz (active participle present)
saltanaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *saltan

Old English: sealtan; sealten (ppl)

Middle English: salten; salten

English: salt; salten

Scots: saut

Old Frisian: *salta; *salten (ppl)

Saterland Frisian: soalten (adj)

⇒ Saterland Frisian: soaltje

⇒ West Frisian: sâltsje

Old Saxon: *saltan; *gisaltan

Middle Low German: solten; solten (ppl)

German Low German: solten; solten (ppl)

Plautdietsch: solten

Old Dutch: *saltan

Middle Dutch: souten

Dutch: zouten (weak, but with a strong participle)

Afrikaans: sout

Old High German: salzan

Middle High German: salzen

German: salzen (weak, but with a strong participle)

Luxembourgish: salzen

Old Norse: salta

Icelandic: salta

Faroese: salta

Old Swedish: salta

Swedish: salta

Old Danish: saltæ

Danish: salte

Gutnish: salte, salt'

Smalandian: salta

Gothic: 𐍃𐌰𐌻𐍄𐌰𐌽 (saltan)

From Pre-Germanic *sh₂ld-, from Proto-Indo-European *seh₂l- with *-d- extension. Cognate with Latin sallō (“to salt”), Old Irish saillid.


singwaną

singwō (active first-person indicative singular)
singwaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
singwai (first-person indicative passive singular)
singwizi (active indicative second-person singular)
singwaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
singw (active imperative second-person singular)
singwazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
singwaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
singwidi (active indicative singular third-person)
singwai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
singwadau (active imperative singular third-person)
singwadai (indicative passive singular third-person)
singwaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
singwōz (active dual first-person indicative)
singwaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
singwadiz (active dual indicative second-person)
singwaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
singwadiz (active dual imperative second-person)
singwamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
singwaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
singwandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
singwaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
singwid (active indicative plural second-person)
singwaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
singwid (active imperative plural second-person)
singwandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
singwaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
singwandi (active indicative plural third-person)
singwain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
singwandau (active imperative plural third-person)
singwandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
singwaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
sangw (active first-person indicative singular)
sungį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
sanht (active indicative second-person singular)
sungīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
sangw (active indicative singular third-person)
sungī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
sungū (active dual first-person indicative)
sungīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
sungudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
sungīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
sungum (active first-person indicative plural)
sungīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
sungud (active indicative plural second-person)
sungīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
sungun (active indicative plural third-person)
sungīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
singwandz (active participle present)
sunganaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *singwan
Old English: singan
Middle English: singen, cingen, cinggen, singgen, singe, synge, syngen, cyngyn, cynggyn, zinge (Kent)
English: sing
Scots: sing
Yola: zing
Old Frisian: singa, siunga, sionga
North Frisian: schong
Saterland Frisian: sjunge
West Frisian: sjonge
Old Saxon: singan
Middle Low German: singen
Low German: singen
Plautdietsch: sinjen
Old Dutch: singan
Middle Dutch: singen
Dutch: zingen
Afrikaans: sing
Berbice Creole Dutch: singgi
Jersey Dutch: sänge
Negerhollands: sing, siṅ
→ Sranan Tongo: singi
→ Caribbean Javanese: singi
Limburgish: zinge
Old High German: singan
Middle High German: singen
Alemannic German:
Swabian:
Sathmar Swabian: singe
Bavarian: singa
Cimbrian: singen
Central Franconian:
Hunsrik: singe
German: singen
Luxembourgish: sangen
Rhine Franconian:
Pennsylvania German: singe
Yiddish: זינגען (zingen)

Old Norse: syngva, syngja
Icelandic: syngja
Faroese: syngja
Norwegian Nynorsk: syngja, syngje, synga, synge
Jamtish: syngje, sjunge
Dalian: singa, siunga
Elfdalian: singga
Old Swedish: siunga
Swedish: sjunga
Old Danish: siungæ
Danish: synge
Norwegian Bokmål: synge
Scanian: sjonga, sjønga
Old Gutnish: singva
Gutnish: singge, singg', singga

Gothic: 𐍃𐌹𐌲𐌲𐍅𐌰𐌽 (siggwan)

Crimean Gothic: singhen

[ˈs̠ɪŋʷ.ɡʷɑ.nɑ̃]

From Proto-Indo-European *séngʷʰ-e-ti, from *sengʷʰ- (“to recite, sing”). Cognate with Ancient Greek ὀμφή (omphḗ, “divine voice, oracle”).


lēkinōną

lēkinō (active first-person indicative singular)
lēkinǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
lēkinōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
lēkinōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
lēkinōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
lēkinō (active imperative second-person singular)
lēkinōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
lēkinōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
lēkinōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
lēkinō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
lēkinōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
lēkinōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
lēkinōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
lēkinōs (active dual first-person indicative)
lēkinōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
lēkinōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
lēkinōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
lēkinōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
lēkinōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
lēkinōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
lēkinōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
lēkinōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
lēkinōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
lēkinōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
lēkinōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
lēkinōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
lēkinōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
lēkinōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
lēkinōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
lēkinōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
lēkinōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
lēkinōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
lēkinōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
lēkinōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
lēkinōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
lēkinōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
lēkinōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
lēkinōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
lēkinōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
lēkinōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
lēkinōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
lēkinōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
lēkinōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
lēkinōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
lēkinōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
lēkinōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
lēkinōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
lēkinōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
lēkinōndz (active participle present)
lēkinōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *lākinōn
Old English: lǣcnian, lācnian
Old Saxon: lāknon
Old High German: lāhhanon, lāhhinon

Old Norse: lækna

Icelandic: lækna

Faroese: lækna

Old Swedish: lǣkia

Swedish: läka

→ Finnish: lääkitä

Gothic: 𐌻𐌴𐌺𐌹𐌽𐍉𐌽 (lēkinōn)


-isōną

-isō (active first-person indicative singular)
-isǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
-isōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
-isōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
-isōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
-isō (active imperative second-person singular)
-isōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
-isōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
-isōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
-isō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
-isōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
-isōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
-isōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
-isōs (active dual first-person indicative)
-isōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
-isōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
-isōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
-isōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
-isōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
-isōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
-isōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
-isōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
-isōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
-isōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
-isōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
-isōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
-isōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
-isōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
-isōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
-isōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
-isōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
-isōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
-isōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
-isōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
-isōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
-isōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
-isōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
-isōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
-isōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
-isōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
-isōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
-isōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
-isōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
-isōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
-isōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
-isōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
-isōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
-isōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
-isōndz (active participle present)
-isōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Old English: -sian

Middle English: -sen

English: -se, -ce

Old Saxon: -isōn

Old High German: -isōn

Old Norse: -sa

Icelandic: -sa

Norwegian: -se

Swedish: -sa

Danish: -se

Gothic: -𐌹𐍃𐍉𐌽 (-isōn) (only in 𐍅𐌰𐌻𐍅𐌹𐍃𐍉𐌽 (walwisōn))

Creates denominatives from adjectives or nouns.


-inōną

-inō (active first-person indicative singular)
-inǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
-inōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
-inōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
-inōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
-inō (active imperative second-person singular)
-inōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
-inōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
-inōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
-inō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
-inōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
-inōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
-inōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
-inōs (active dual first-person indicative)
-inōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
-inōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
-inōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
-inōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
-inōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
-inōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
-inōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
-inōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
-inōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
-inōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
-inōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
-inōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
-inōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
-inōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
-inōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
-inōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
-inōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
-inōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
-inōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
-inōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
-inōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
-inōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
-inōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
-inōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
-inōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
-inōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
-inōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
-inōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
-inōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
-inōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
-inōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
-inōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
-inōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
-inōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
-inōndz (active participle present)
-inōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *-inōn

Old English: -nian

desc

Middle English: -nien, -enien, -nen, -enen

English: -en

Scots: -in, -en

Old Frisian: -nia

Saterland Frisian: -enje

West Frisian: -enje

Old Saxon: *inōn, -nōn

Middle Low German: -enen

Old Dutch: *inon

Middle Dutch: -enen

Old High German: -inōn, -anōn

Middle High German: -enen, -nen

Old Norse: -na

Icelandic: -na

Norwegian Bokmål: -ne

Norwegian Nynorsk: -ne

Swedish: -na

Danish: -ne

Gothic: -𐌹𐌽𐍉𐌽 (-inōn)

Formed from the singular oblique stem of masculine n-stems: *-in- + *-ōną.

Creates denominatives from nouns referring to persons, meaning to be or perform the duties of that person.


-atjaną

-atjō (active first-person indicative singular)
-atjaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
-atjai (first-person indicative passive singular)
-atisi (active indicative second-person singular)
-atjais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
-ati (active imperative second-person singular)
-atjasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
-atjaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
-atiþi (active indicative singular third-person)
-atjai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
-atjaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
-atjaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
-atjaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
-atjōs (active dual first-person indicative)
-atjaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
-atjaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
-atjaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
-atjaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
-atjamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
-atjaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
-atjanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
-atjainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
-atiþ (active indicative plural second-person)
-atjaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
-atiþ (active imperative plural second-person)
-atjanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
-atjainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
-atjanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
-atjain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
-atjanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
-atjanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
-atjainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
-astǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
-astēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
-astēz (active indicative second-person singular)
-astēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
-astē (active indicative singular third-person)
-astēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
-astēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
-astēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
-astēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
-astēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
-astēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
-astēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
-astēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
-astēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
-astēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
-astēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
-atjandz (active participle present)
-atidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *-attjan
Old English: -ettan
Middle English: thouten (“to address as 'thou'”), yeten (“to address as 'ye'”) (likely), grunten (from Old English grunnettan), spouten
English: yeet, grunt, fidget (possibly), spout, botch, haunt (via French)
>? English: -et
Old High German: -azzen, -ezzen
Middle High German: -ezzen, -zen, -sen
German: -zen, -sen

Old Norse: -ta

Icelandic: -ta

Faroese: -ta

Norwegian Nynorsk: -ta

Old Swedish: -ta

Swedish: -ta

Danish: -te

Norwegian Bokmål: -te

Gothic: -𐌰𐍄𐌾𐌰𐌽 (-atjan)

From Proto-Indo-European *-dyé- (verbal suffix). Cognate with Ancient Greek -άζω (-ázō).

der

Creates verbs from nouns and adjectives, similar to -ise.

Creates intensive verbs from other verbs.


luhatjaną

luhatjō (active first-person indicative singular)
luhatjaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
luhatjai (first-person indicative passive singular)
luhatisi (active indicative second-person singular)
luhatjais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
luhati (active imperative second-person singular)
luhatjasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
luhatjaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
luhatiþi (active indicative singular third-person)
luhatjai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
luhatjaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
luhatjaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
luhatjaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
luhatjōs (active dual first-person indicative)
luhatjaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
luhatjaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
luhatjaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
luhatjaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
luhatjamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
luhatjaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
luhatjanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
luhatjainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
luhatiþ (active indicative plural second-person)
luhatjaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
luhatiþ (active imperative plural second-person)
luhatjanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
luhatjainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
luhatjanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
luhatjain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
luhatjanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
luhatjanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
luhatjainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
luhastǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
luhastēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
luhastēz (active indicative second-person singular)
luhastēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
luhastē (active indicative singular third-person)
luhastēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
luhastēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
luhastēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
luhastēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
luhastēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
luhastēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
luhastēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
luhastēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
luhastēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
luhastēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
luhastēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
luhatjandz (active participle present)
luhatidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Old High German: lohezzen

Gothic: 𐌻𐌰𐌿𐌷𐌰𐍄𐌾𐌰𐌽 (lauhatjan)


līkāną

līkō (active first-person indicative singular)
līkaisi (active indicative second-person singular)
līkai (active imperative second-person singular)
līkāsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
līkaiþi (active indicative singular third-person)
līkāþau (active imperative singular third-person)
līkāþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
līkōs (active dual first-person indicative)
līkāþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
līkāþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
līkāmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
līkānþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
līkaiþ (active indicative plural second-person)
līkaiþ (active imperative plural second-person)
līkānþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
līkānþi (active indicative plural third-person)
līkānþau (active imperative plural third-person)
līkānþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
līkadǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
līkadēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
līkadēz (active indicative second-person singular)
līkadēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
līkadē (active indicative singular third-person)
līkadēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
līkadēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
līkadēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
līkadēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
līkadēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
līkadēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
līkadēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
līkadēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
līkadēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
līkadēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
līkadēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
līkāndz (active participle present)
līkadaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *līkēn
Old English: līcian
Middle English: liken, lyken
Scots: like
English: like
→ Welsh: leicio, licio
→ German: liken
→ Dutch: liken
→ French: liker
→ Spanish: likear
Old Frisian: līkia
Saterland Frisian: liekje
West Frisian: lykje
Old Saxon: līkōn
Middle Low German: liken
Low German: lieken
Old Dutch: līcon
Middle Dutch: liken
Dutch: lijken
Old High German: līhhēn
Middle High German: līchen
German: leichen

Old Norse: líka

Icelandic: líka

Faroese: líka

Norwegian: like

Swedish: lika

Danish: lige (archaic)

Gothic: 𐌻𐌴𐌹𐌺𐌰𐌽 (leikān)

to please (+ dative object), to like (impersonal) (+ dative subject)


galīkāną

galīkō (active first-person indicative singular)
galīkaisi (active indicative second-person singular)
galīkai (active imperative second-person singular)
galīkāsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
galīkaiþi (active indicative singular third-person)
galīkāþau (active imperative singular third-person)
galīkāþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
galīkōs (active dual first-person indicative)
galīkāþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
galīkāþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
galīkāmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
galīkānþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
galīkaiþ (active indicative plural second-person)
galīkaiþ (active imperative plural second-person)
galīkānþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
galīkānþi (active indicative plural third-person)
galīkānþau (active imperative plural third-person)
galīkānþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
galīkadǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
galīkadēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
galīkadēz (active indicative second-person singular)
galīkadēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
galīkadē (active indicative singular third-person)
galīkadēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
galīkadēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
galīkadēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
galīkadēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
galīkadēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
galīkadēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
galīkadēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
galīkadēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
galīkadēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
galīkadēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
galīkadēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
galīkāndz (active participle present)
galīkadaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *galīkēn
Old English: ġelīcian
Old Saxon: *gilīkōn
Middle Low German: gelīken
Old Dutch: gilīkon
Old High German: gilīhhēn
Middle High German: gelīchen

Old Norse: líka (*ga- was often lost in Old Norse)

Icelandic: líka

Faroese: líka

Norwegian: like

Swedish: lika

Gothic: 𐌲𐌰𐌻𐌴𐌹𐌺𐌰𐌽 (galeikān)


galīkōną

galīkō (active first-person indicative singular)
galīkǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
galīkōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
galīkōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
galīkōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
galīkō (active imperative second-person singular)
galīkōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
galīkōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
galīkōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
galīkō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
galīkōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
galīkōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
galīkōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
galīkōs (active dual first-person indicative)
galīkōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
galīkōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
galīkōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
galīkōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
galīkōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
galīkōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
galīkōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
galīkōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
galīkōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
galīkōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
galīkōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
galīkōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
galīkōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
galīkōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
galīkōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
galīkōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
galīkōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
galīkōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
galīkōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
galīkōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
galīkōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
galīkōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
galīkōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
galīkōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
galīkōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
galīkōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
galīkōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
galīkōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
galīkōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
galīkōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
galīkōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
galīkōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
galīkōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
galīkōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
galīkōndz (active participle present)
galīkōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Old English: ġelīcian

Old Frisian: līkia

>? Saterland Frisian: gliekje

West Frisian: lykje

Old Saxon: gilīkon

Middle Low German: geliken

Dutch Low Saxon: gelieken

German Low German: glieken

Old Dutch: gilīkon

Middle Dutch: geliken, gheliken, liken
Dutch: gelijken, lijken
Afrikaans: lyk
Jersey Dutch: lāike
Limburgish: gelieke, lieke

Old High German: gilīhhon

Middle High German: gelīchen

Cimbrian: galàichan

German: gleichen

Luxembourgish: gläichen

Yiddish: גלײַכן (glaykhn)

Gothic: 𐌲𐌰𐌻𐌴𐌹𐌺𐍉𐌽 (galeikōn)


windaną

windō (active first-person indicative singular)
windaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
windai (first-person indicative passive singular)
windizi (active indicative second-person singular)
windaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
wind (active imperative second-person singular)
windazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
windaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
windidi (active indicative singular third-person)
windai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
windadau (active imperative singular third-person)
windadai (indicative passive singular third-person)
windaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
windōz (active dual first-person indicative)
windaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
windadiz (active dual indicative second-person)
windaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
windadiz (active dual imperative second-person)
windamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
windaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
windandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
windaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
windid (active indicative plural second-person)
windaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
windid (active imperative plural second-person)
windandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
windaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
windandi (active indicative plural third-person)
windain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
windandau (active imperative plural third-person)
windandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
windaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
wand (active first-person indicative singular)
wundį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
wanst (active indicative second-person singular)
wundīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
wand (active indicative singular third-person)
wundī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
wundū (active dual first-person indicative)
wundīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
wundudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
wundīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
wundum (active first-person indicative plural)
wundīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
wundud (active indicative plural second-person)
wundīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
wundun (active indicative plural third-person)
wundīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
windandz (active participle present)
wundanaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Old English: windan
Middle English: wynden
English: wind
Scots: wind, wund, win, wun

Old Frisian: winda

Saterland Frisian: wiende

West Frisian: wine

Old Saxon: windan

Middle Low German: winden

Low German: winden

Old Dutch: *windan
Middle Dutch: winden
Dutch: winden
Limburgish: winje

Old High German: wintan

Middle High German: winden

German: winden

Luxembourgish: wënnen

Old Norse: vinda

Icelandic: vinda

Faroese: vinda

Norwegian: vinde

Old Swedish: vinda

Swedish: vinda

Danish: vinde

Gothic: *𐍅𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌽 (*windan) (in derivates)

From Proto-Indo-European *wendʰ- (“to turn, wind, braid”). Cognate with Old Armenian գինդ (gind, “ring”).


wandijaną

wandijō (active first-person indicative singular)
wandijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
wandijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
wandīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
wandijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
wandī (active imperative second-person singular)
wandijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
wandijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
wandīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
wandijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
wandijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
wandijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
wandijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
wandijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
wandijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
wandijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
wandijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
wandijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
wandijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
wandijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
wandijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
wandijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
wandīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
wandijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
wandīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
wandijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
wandijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
wandijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
wandijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
wandijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
wandijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
wandijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
wandidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
wandidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
wandidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
wandidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
wandidē (active indicative singular third-person)
wandidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
wandidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
wandidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
wandidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
wandidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
wandidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
wandidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
wandidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
wandidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
wandidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
wandidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
wandijandz (active participle present)
wandidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *wandijan
Old English: wendan
Middle English: wenden
English: wend
Scots: wend
Old Frisian: wenda
North Frisian: wende
Saterland Frisian: weende
West Frisian: weine
Old Saxon: wendian
Middle Low German: wenden
Low German: wennen, wenden
German Low German: wennen
Old Dutch: wenden
Middle Dutch: wenden
Dutch: wenden
Afrikaans: wend, wende
Old High German: wenten
Middle High German: wenden
German: wenden
Luxembourgish: wennen
Yiddish: ווענדן (vendn)

Old Norse: venda

Icelandic: venda

Faroese: venda

Norwegian: vende

Old Swedish: vænda

Swedish: vända

Danish: vende

Gothic: 𐍅𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌽 (wandjan)

From *windaną (“to wind, wrap”) + *-janą (“causative suffix”).