sneufaną

sneufō (active first-person indicative singular)
sneufaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
sneufai (first-person indicative passive singular)
sniufizi (active indicative second-person singular)
sneufaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
sneuf (active imperative second-person singular)
sneufazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
sneufaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
sniufidi (active indicative singular third-person)
sneufai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
sneufadau (active imperative singular third-person)
sneufadai (indicative passive singular third-person)
sneufaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
sneufōz (active dual first-person indicative)
sneufaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
sneufadiz (active dual indicative second-person)
sneufaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
sneufadiz (active dual imperative second-person)
sneufamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
sneufaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
sneufandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
sneufaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
sniufid (active indicative plural second-person)
sneufaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
sniufid (active imperative plural second-person)
sneufandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
sneufaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
sneufandi (active indicative plural third-person)
sneufain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
sneufandau (active imperative plural third-person)
sneufandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
sneufaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
snauf (active first-person indicative singular)
snubį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
snauft (active indicative second-person singular)
snubīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
snauf (active indicative singular third-person)
snubī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
snubū (active dual first-person indicative)
snubīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
snubudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
snubīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
snubum (active first-person indicative plural)
snubīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
snubud (active indicative plural second-person)
snubīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
snubun (active indicative plural third-person)
snubīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
sneufandz (active participle present)
snubanaz (active participle past subjunctive)
*snūfaną (alternative)

Proto-West Germanic: *sneufan, *snūfan

Old Saxon: *snūvan

Middle Low German: snūven

Low German: snuven

Old Dutch: *snūvan

Middle Dutch: snuven

Dutch: snuiven

Afrikaans: snuiwe

desc

Old High German: *snūfan, *sniofan, *snūban

Middle High German: snūfen, *sniefen, *snūben

German: schnaufen, schniefen, schnauben

Uncertain, possibly related to *snūtaz (“snout”) and *snūtijaną (“to blow one's nose”).


hrimpaną

hrimpō (active first-person indicative singular)
hrimpaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
hrimpai (first-person indicative passive singular)
hrimpizi (active indicative second-person singular)
hrimpaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
hrimp (active imperative second-person singular)
hrimpazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
hrimpaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
hrimpidi (active indicative singular third-person)
hrimpai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
hrimpadau (active imperative singular third-person)
hrimpadai (indicative passive singular third-person)
hrimpaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
hrimpōz (active dual first-person indicative)
hrimpaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
hrimpadiz (active dual indicative second-person)
hrimpaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
hrimpadiz (active dual imperative second-person)
hrimpamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
hrimpaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
hrimpandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
hrimpaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
hrimpid (active indicative plural second-person)
hrimpaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
hrimpid (active imperative plural second-person)
hrimpandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
hrimpaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
hrimpandi (active indicative plural third-person)
hrimpain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
hrimpandau (active imperative plural third-person)
hrimpandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
hrimpaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
hramp (active first-person indicative singular)
hrumpį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
hramft (active indicative second-person singular)
hrumpīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
hramp (active indicative singular third-person)
hrumpī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
hrumpū (active dual first-person indicative)
hrumpīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
hrumpudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
hrumpīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
hrumpum (active first-person indicative plural)
hrumpīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
hrumpud (active indicative plural second-person)
hrumpīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
hrumpun (active indicative plural third-person)
hrumpīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
hrimpandz (active participle present)
hrumpanaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *hrimpan

Old English: hrimpan

Old Saxon: *hrimpan

Middle Low German: rimpen

Old Dutch: *rimpan

Middle Dutch: rimpen

⇒ Middle Dutch: rimpelen

Dutch: rimpelen

Afrikaans: rimpel

Old High German: rimpfan

Middle High German: rimpfen, rimphen, rümpfen

German: rümpfen

→ Middle Low German: rümpfen

Likely related to *krimpaną and *skrimpaną - *skrimbaną.


fastijaną

fastijō (active first-person indicative singular)
fastijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
fastijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
fastīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
fastijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
fastī (active imperative second-person singular)
fastijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
fastijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
fastīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
fastijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
fastijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
fastijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
fastijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
fastijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
fastijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
fastijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
fastijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
fastijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
fastijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
fastijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
fastijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
fastijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
fastīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
fastijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
fastīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
fastijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
fastijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
fastijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
fastijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
fastijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
fastijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
fastijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
fastidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
fastidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
fastidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
fastidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
fastidē (active indicative singular third-person)
fastidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
fastidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
fastidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
fastidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
fastidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
fastidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
fastidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
fastidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
fastidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
fastidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
fastidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
fastijandz (active participle present)
fastidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *fastijan
Old English: fæstan
English: fast
Old Frisian: festa
Old Saxon: festian
Old Dutch: festen
Middle Dutch: vesten
Dutch: vesten
Old High German: festen

Old Norse: festa
Icelandic: festa
Faroese: festa
Norwegian Nynorsk: festa (“to fasten”)
Swedish: fästa
Danish: fæste
Norwegian Bokmål: feste (“to fasten, to copyhold”)
→ Norwegian Nynorsk: festa (“to copyhold”)


glitrōną

glitrō (active first-person indicative singular)
glitrǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
glitrōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
glitrōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
glitrōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
glitrō (active imperative second-person singular)
glitrōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
glitrōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
glitrōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
glitrō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
glitrōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
glitrōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
glitrōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
glitrōs (active dual first-person indicative)
glitrōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
glitrōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
glitrōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
glitrōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
glitrōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
glitrōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
glitrōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
glitrōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
glitrōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
glitrōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
glitrōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
glitrōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
glitrōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
glitrōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
glitrōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
glitrōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
glitrōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
glitrōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
glitrōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
glitrōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
glitrōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
glitrōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
glitrōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
glitrōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
glitrōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
glitrōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
glitrōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
glitrōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
glitrōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
glitrōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
glitrōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
glitrōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
glitrōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
glitrōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
glitrōndz (active participle present)
glitrōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *glitrōn

Old High German: *glizarōn

Middle High German: glitzern

German: glitzern

Old Norse: glitra

Faroese: glitra

Icelandic: glitra

Norn: glitra

Norwegian: glitre

Swedish: glittra

→ Middle English: gliteren

English: glitter

Possibly from either unattested *glitiz + *-rōną, from *ǵʰlid-í-s, or *glitraz + *-ōną, from *ǵʰlid-ró-s, both from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰleyd-, from *ǵʰley- (“to shine”).


nūaną

nūō (active first-person indicative singular)
nūaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
nūai (first-person indicative passive singular)
nūizi (active indicative second-person singular)
nūaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
nū (active imperative second-person singular)
nūazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
nūaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
nūidi (active indicative singular third-person)
nūai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
nūadau (active imperative singular third-person)
nūadai (indicative passive singular third-person)
nūaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
nūōz (active dual first-person indicative)
nūaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
nūadiz (active dual indicative second-person)
nūaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
nūadiz (active dual imperative second-person)
nūamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
nūaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
nūandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
nūaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
nūid (active indicative plural second-person)
nūaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
nūid (active imperative plural second-person)
nūandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
nūaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
nūandi (active indicative plural third-person)
nūain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
nūandau (active imperative plural third-person)
nūandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
nūaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
nenū (active first-person indicative singular)
nenūį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
nenūt (active indicative second-person singular)
nenūīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
nenū (active indicative singular third-person)
nenūī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
nenūū (active dual first-person indicative)
nenūīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
nenūudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
nenūīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
nenūum (active first-person indicative plural)
nenūīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
nenūud (active indicative plural second-person)
nenūīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
nenūun (active indicative plural third-person)
nenūīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
nūandz (active participle present)
nūanaz (active participle past subjunctive)

>? Proto-West Germanic: *nūwan, *neuwan

>? Old High German: niuwan (possibly from *hnewwaną instead)

Old Norse: núa

Icelandic: núa

⇒ Old Norse: bnúa

⇒ Old Norse: gnúa

Gothic: *𐌽𐌰𐌿𐌰𐌽 (*nauan)

⇒ Gothic: 𐌱𐌽𐌰𐌿𐌰𐌽 (bnauan)

Possibly related to Latin nuō and Ancient Greek νεύω (neúō, “to nod, to wave”)


buranaz

buranaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
buranō (feminine nominative singular strong)
buraną (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
buranai (masculine nominative plural strong)
buranôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
buranō (neuter nominative plural strong)
burananǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
buranǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
buraną (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
burananz (accusative masculine plural strong)
buranōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
buranō (accusative neuter plural strong)
buranas (genitive masculine singular strong)
-is (genitive masculine singular strong)
buranaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
buranas (genitive neuter singular strong)
-is (genitive neuter singular strong)
buranaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
buranaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
buranaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
buranammai (dative masculine singular strong)
buranaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
buranammai (dative neuter singular strong)
buranaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
buranaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
buranaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
burananō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
buranaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
burananō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
buranaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
buranaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
buranaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
buranô (masculine nominative singular weak)
buranǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
buranô (neuter nominative singular weak)
burananiz (masculine nominative plural weak)
buranōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
buranōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
burananų (accusative masculine singular weak)
buranōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
buranô (accusative neuter singular weak)
burananunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
buranōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
buranōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
buraniniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
buranōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
buraniniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
burananǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
buranōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
burananǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
buranini (dative masculine singular weak)
buranōni (dative feminine singular weak)
buranini (dative neuter singular weak)
buranammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
buranōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
buranammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
buraninē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
buranōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
buraninē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
buranammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
buranōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
buranammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *boran
Old English: boren
Old Saxon: boran
German Low German: boren

Old Norse: borinn
Icelandic: borinn
Faroese: borin
Norwegian Nynorsk: boren
Norwegian Bokmål: båren
Old Swedish: borin
Swedish: boren

desc

Gothic: *𐌱𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌰𐌽𐍃 (*baurans), 𐌲𐌰𐌱𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌰𐌽𐍃 (gabaurans)

From the zero grade of Proto-Indo-European *bʰer-.


swammijaną

swammijō (active first-person indicative singular)
swammijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
swammijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
swammīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
swammijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
swammī (active imperative second-person singular)
swammijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
swammijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
swammīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
swammijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
swammijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
swammijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
swammijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
swammijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
swammijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
swammijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
swammijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
swammijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
swammijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
swammijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
swammijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
swammijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
swammīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
swammijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
swammīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
swammijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
swammijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
swammijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
swammijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
swammijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
swammijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
swammijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
swammidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
swammidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
swammidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
swammidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
swammidē (active indicative singular third-person)
swammidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
swammidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
swammidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
swammidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
swammidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
swammidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
swammidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
swammidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
swammidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
swammidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
swammidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
swammijandz (active participle present)
swammidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *swammijan
Old English: *swemman
⇒ Old English: beswemman
Old Saxon: *swemmian
Middle Low German: swemmen
Old Dutch: *swemmen
Middle Dutch: swemmen
Dutch: zwemmen
Limburgish: zwömme
Old High German: *swemmen
Middle High German: swemmen
German: schwemmen

From *swimmaną (“to swim”) + *-janą (“causative suffix”).


hirmijaną

hirmijō (active first-person indicative singular)
hirmijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
hirmijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
hirmīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
hirmijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
hirmī (active imperative second-person singular)
hirmijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
hirmijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
hirmīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
hirmijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
hirmijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
hirmijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
hirmijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
hirmijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
hirmijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
hirmijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
hirmijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
hirmijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
hirmijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
hirmijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
hirmijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
hirmijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
hirmīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
hirmijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
hirmīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
hirmijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
hirmijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
hirmijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
hirmijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
hirmijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
hirmijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
hirmijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
hirmidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
hirmidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
hirmidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
hirmidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
hirmidē (active indicative singular third-person)
hirmidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
hirmidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
hirmidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
hirmidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
hirmidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
hirmidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
hirmidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
hirmidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
hirmidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
hirmidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
hirmidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
hirmijandz (active participle present)
hirmidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *hirmijan
Old Dutch: *hirmen
Middle Dutch: hermen
Old High German: hirmen
Middle High German: hirmen
Switzerland German: hirmen
⇒ Switzerland German: gehirmen

From Proto-Indo-European *ḱermH-ye, the ye-present of *ḱermH-. Cognate with Sanskrit श्राम्यति (śrāmyati, “to weary”).


saikijaną

saikijō (active first-person indicative singular)
saikijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
saikijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
saikīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
saikijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
saikī (active imperative second-person singular)
saikijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
saikijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
saikīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
saikijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
saikijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
saikijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
saikijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
saikijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
saikijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
saikijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
saikijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
saikijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
saikijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
saikijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
saikijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
saikijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
saikīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
saikijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
saikīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
saikijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
saikijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
saikijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
saikijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
saikijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
saikijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
saikijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
saikidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
saikidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
saikidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
saikidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
saikidē (active indicative singular third-person)
saikidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
saikidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
saikidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
saikidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
saikidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
saikidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
saikidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
saikidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
saikidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
saikidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
saikidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
saikijandz (active participle present)
saikidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *saikijan
Old Saxon: *sēkian
Middle High German: sēken
Old Dutch: *seiken, *sēken
Middle Dutch: seiken, sêken
Dutch: zeiken
Old High German: seihhen
Middle High German: seichen
German: seichen

From *sīhwaną + *-janą, the root final -k- was adopted from the iterative verb *sikkōną.


tundijaną

tundijō (active first-person indicative singular)
tundijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
tundijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
tundīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
tundijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
tundī (active imperative second-person singular)
tundijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
tundijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
tundīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
tundijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
tundijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
tundijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
tundijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
tundijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
tundijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
tundijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
tundijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
tundijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
tundijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
tundijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
tundijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
tundijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
tundīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
tundijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
tundīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
tundijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
tundijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
tundijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
tundijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
tundijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
tundijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
tundijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
tundidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
tundidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
tundidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
tundidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
tundidē (active indicative singular third-person)
tundidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
tundidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
tundidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
tundidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
tundidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
tundidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
tundidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
tundidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
tundidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
tundidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
tundidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
tundijandz (active participle present)
tundidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *tundijan
Old High German: zunden
Middle High German: zünden
Bavarian: zindn
German: zünden

A zero-grade intensive verb related to *tinnaną (“to burn”) and *tandijaną (“to kindle”).


wrankijaną

wrankijō (active first-person indicative singular)
wrankijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
wrankijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
wrankīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
wrankijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
wrankī (active imperative second-person singular)
wrankijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
wrankijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
wrankīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
wrankijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
wrankijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
wrankijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
wrankijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
wrankijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
wrankijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
wrankijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
wrankijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
wrankijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
wrankijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
wrankijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
wrankijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
wrankijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
wrankīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
wrankijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
wrankīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
wrankijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
wrankijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
wrankijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
wrankijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
wrankijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
wrankijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
wrankijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
wrankidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
wrankidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
wrankidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
wrankidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
wrankidē (active indicative singular third-person)
wrankidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
wrankidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
wrankidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
wrankidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
wrankidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
wrankidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
wrankidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
wrankidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
wrankidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
wrankidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
wrankidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
wrankijandz (active participle present)
wrankidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *wrankijan
Old English: wrencan
Middle English: wrenchen, wrenche, wrynche, wrenk, wrenke (Northern)
English: wrench
Middle Scots: wrenk, wrink
>? Scots: renk
Old High German: *renken
Middle High German: renken
German: renken

Gothic: *𐍅𐍂𐌰𐌲𐌺𐌾𐌰𐌽 (*wragkjan)

⇒ Catalan: ranquejar

⇒ Galician: ranquear

⇒ Spanish: renquear

Possibly the causative of *wrinkaną, or more likely *wringaną + *-janą, the root final -k- was adopted from the iterative verb *wrunkōną.


swaljaną

swaljō (active first-person indicative singular)
swaljaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
swaljai (first-person indicative passive singular)
swalisi (active indicative second-person singular)
swaljais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
swali (active imperative second-person singular)
swaljasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
swaljaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
swaliþi (active indicative singular third-person)
swaljai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
swaljaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
swaljaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
swaljaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
swaljōs (active dual first-person indicative)
swaljaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
swaljaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
swaljaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
swaljaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
swaljamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
swaljaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
swaljanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
swaljainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
swaliþ (active indicative plural second-person)
swaljaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
swaliþ (active imperative plural second-person)
swaljanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
swaljainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
swaljanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
swaljain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
swaljanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
swaljanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
swaljainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
swalidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
swalidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
swalidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
swalidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
swalidē (active indicative singular third-person)
swalidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
swalidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
swalidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
swalidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
swalidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
swalidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
swalidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
swalidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
swalidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
swalidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
swalidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
swaljandz (active participle present)
swalidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *swalljan
Old English: swellan
Old Saxon: *swellian
Middle Low German: swellen
Old High German: swellen

From *swelaną (“to burn”) + *-janą (“causative suffix”).


stuntijaną

stuntijō (active first-person indicative singular)
stuntijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
stuntijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
stuntīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
stuntijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
stuntī (active imperative second-person singular)
stuntijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
stuntijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
stuntīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
stuntijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
stuntijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
stuntijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
stuntijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
stuntijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
stuntijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
stuntijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
stuntijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
stuntijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
stuntijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
stuntijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
stuntijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
stuntijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
stuntīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
stuntijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
stuntīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
stuntijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
stuntijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
stuntijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
stuntijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
stuntijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
stuntijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
stuntijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
stuntidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
stuntidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
stuntidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
stuntidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
stuntidē (active indicative singular third-person)
stuntidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
stuntidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
stuntidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
stuntidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
stuntidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
stuntidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
stuntidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
stuntidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
stuntidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
stuntidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
stuntidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
stuntijandz (active participle present)
stuntidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *stuntijan
Old English: styntan
Middle English: stinten
English: stint, stent

Old Norse: stytta

Icelandic: stytta

From *stuntaz (“short, stunted”) + *-janą.


snarpijaną

snarpijō (active first-person indicative singular)
snarpijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
snarpijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
snarpīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
snarpijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
snarpī (active imperative second-person singular)
snarpijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
snarpijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
snarpīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
snarpijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
snarpijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
snarpijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
snarpijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
snarpijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
snarpijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
snarpijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
snarpijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
snarpijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
snarpijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
snarpijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
snarpijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
snarpijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
snarpīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
snarpijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
snarpīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
snarpijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
snarpijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
snarpijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
snarpijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
snarpijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
snarpijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
snarpijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
snarpidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
snarpidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
snarpidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
snarpidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
snarpidē (active indicative singular third-person)
snarpidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
snarpidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
snarpidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
snarpidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
snarpidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
snarpidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
snarpidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
snarpidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
snarpidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
snarpidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
snarpidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
snarpijandz (active participle present)
snarpidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Old Norse: snerpa

Icelandic: snerpa

Gothic: *𐍃𐌽𐌰𐍂𐍀𐌾𐌰𐌽 (*snarpjan)

⇒ Gothic: 𐌰𐍄𐍃𐌽𐌰𐍂𐍀𐌾𐌰𐌽 (atsnarpjan)

From *snarpaz (“rough, sharp”) + *-janą.


snōrijaną

snōrijō (active first-person indicative singular)
snōrijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
snōrijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
snōrīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
snōrijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
snōrī (active imperative second-person singular)
snōrijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
snōrijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
snōrīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
snōrijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
snōrijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
snōrijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
snōrijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
snōrijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
snōrijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
snōrijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
snōrijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
snōrijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
snōrijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
snōrijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
snōrijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
snōrijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
snōrīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
snōrijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
snōrīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
snōrijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
snōrijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
snōrijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
snōrijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
snōrijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
snōrijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
snōrijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
snōridǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
snōridēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
snōridēz (active indicative second-person singular)
snōridēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
snōridē (active indicative singular third-person)
snōridēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
snōridēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
snōridēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
snōridēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
snōridēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
snōridēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
snōridēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
snōridēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
snōridēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
snōridēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
snōridēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
snōrijandz (active participle present)
snōridaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *snōrijan
Old Saxon: *snōrian
Middle Low German: snȫren
Old Dutch: *snuoren
Middle Dutch: snoeren
Dutch: snoeren
Old High German: *snuoren
Middle High German: snüeren
German: schnüren

Old Norse: snǿra

Icelandic: snæra


bistalkōną

bistalkō (active first-person indicative singular)
bistalkǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
bistalkōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
bistalkōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
bistalkōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
bistalkō (active imperative second-person singular)
bistalkōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
bistalkōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
bistalkōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
bistalkō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
bistalkōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
bistalkōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
bistalkōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
bistalkōs (active dual first-person indicative)
bistalkōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
bistalkōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
bistalkōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
bistalkōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
bistalkōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
bistalkōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
bistalkōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
bistalkōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
bistalkōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
bistalkōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
bistalkōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
bistalkōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
bistalkōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
bistalkōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
bistalkōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
bistalkōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
bistalkōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
bistalkōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
bistalkōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
bistalkōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
bistalkōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
bistalkōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
bistalkōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
bistalkōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
bistalkōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
bistalkōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
bistalkōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
bistalkōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
bistalkōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
bistalkōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
bistalkōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
bistalkōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
bistalkōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
bistalkōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
bistalkōndz (active participle present)
bistalkōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Old English: *bestealcian

Middle English: bistalken?, bestalken?

English: bestalk?

Old Dutch: *bistalkon?

Middle Dutch: bestalken?

Dutch: bestalken


blautijaną

blautijō (active first-person indicative singular)
blautijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
blautijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
blautīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
blautijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
blautī (active imperative second-person singular)
blautijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
blautijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
blautīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
blautijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
blautijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
blautijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
blautijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
blautijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
blautijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
blautijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
blautijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
blautijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
blautijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
blautijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
blautijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
blautijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
blautīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
blautijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
blautīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
blautijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
blautijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
blautijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
blautijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
blautijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
blautijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
blautijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
blautidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
blautidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
blautidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
blautidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
blautidē (active indicative singular third-person)
blautidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
blautidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
blautidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
blautidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
blautidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
blautidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
blautidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
blautidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
blautidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
blautidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
blautidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
blautijandz (active participle present)
blautidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *blautijan
Old Saxon: blōtian
Middle Low German: blȫten
Old Dutch: *blōten
Middle Dutch: blôten
Dutch: bloten
Old High German: blōzen
Middle High German: blözen
German: blößen

Old Norse: bleyta

Icelandic: bleyta

Swedish: blöta

From *blautaz (“naked, weak, soft”) + *-janą.


spahōną

spahō (active first-person indicative singular)
spahǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
spahōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
spahōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
spahōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
spahō (active imperative second-person singular)
spahōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
spahōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
spahōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
spahō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
spahōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
spahōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
spahōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
spahōs (active dual first-person indicative)
spahōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
spahōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
spahōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
spahōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
spahōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
spahōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
spahōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
spahōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
spahōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
spahōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
spahōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
spahōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
spahōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
spahōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
spahōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
spahōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
spahōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
spahōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
spahōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
spahōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
spahōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
spahōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
spahōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
spahōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
spahōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
spahōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
spahōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
spahōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
spahōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
spahōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
spahōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
spahōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
spahōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
spahōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
spahōndz (active participle present)
spahōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Old Norse: spá
Icelandic: spá
Faroese: spáa
Norwegian Nynorsk: spå
Old Swedish: spā
Swedish: spå
Old Danish: spaa
Danish: spå
→ Northern Middle English: spa
Scots: spae, spay
→ English: spae

From Proto-Indo-European *speḱ- (“to see, to look, to observe”). Equivalent to *spahō (“a looking, peering, prophesy”) + *-ōną.


snaisijaną

snaisijō (active first-person indicative singular)
snaisijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
snaisijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
snaisīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
snaisijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
snaisī (active imperative second-person singular)
snaisijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
snaisijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
snaisīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
snaisijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
snaisijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
snaisijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
snaisijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
snaisijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
snaisijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
snaisijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
snaisijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
snaisijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
snaisijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
snaisijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
snaisijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
snaisijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
snaisīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
snaisijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
snaisīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
snaisijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
snaisijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
snaisijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
snaisijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
snaisijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
snaisijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
snaisijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
snaisidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
snaisidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
snaisidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
snaisidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
snaisidē (active indicative singular third-person)
snaisidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
snaisidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
snaisidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
snaisidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
snaisidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
snaisidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
snaisidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
snaisidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
snaisidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
snaisidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
snaisidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
snaisijandz (active participle present)
snaisidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *snaisijan
Old English: snǣsan
Old High German: *sneisen
Middle High German: sneisen

Old Norse: sneisa

Icelandic: sneisa


kaizwijaną

kaizwijō (active first-person indicative singular)
kaizwijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
kaizwijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
kaizwīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
kaizwijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
kaizwī (active imperative second-person singular)
kaizwijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
kaizwijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
kaizwīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
kaizwijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
kaizwijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
kaizwijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
kaizwijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
kaizwijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
kaizwijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
kaizwijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
kaizwijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
kaizwijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
kaizwijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
kaizwijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
kaizwijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
kaizwijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
kaizwīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
kaizwijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
kaizwīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
kaizwijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
kaizwijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
kaizwijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
kaizwijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
kaizwijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
kaizwijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
kaizwijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
kaizwidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
kaizwidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
kaizwidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
kaizwidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
kaizwidē (active indicative singular third-person)
kaizwidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
kaizwidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
kaizwidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
kaizwidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
kaizwidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
kaizwidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
kaizwidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
kaizwidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
kaizwidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
kaizwidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
kaizwidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
kaizwijandz (active participle present)
kaizwidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *kaiʀwijan

gl

Old English: cierran (< Proto-West Germanic *kaʀʀjan < Proto-Germanic *kazjaną)

desc

Middle English: cherren, charren, charen

English: char, chare

Scots: char, chare

Old Saxon: kērian

Middle Low German: kēren

Low German: keren

Old Dutch: *kēren

Middle Dutch: kêren

Dutch: keren

Old High German: keren

Middle High German: keren

German: kehren

Old Norse: keyra

Icelandic: keyra

Faroese: koyra

Norwegian:

Norwegian Bokmål: kjøre

Norwegian Nynorsk: køyre

Old Swedish: kø̄ra

Swedish: köra

Old Danish: kø̄ræ

Danish: køre

Elfdalian: tjyöra

Gutnish: kåire

Scanian: køra

→ Middle English: cairen, kayren

English: cair

Uncertain, as the variations between *kaiz- and *kar- cannot be explained as being inherited from Proto-Indo-European. Pokorny compares Old Armenian կքեմ (kkʻem, “to bow, bend”) and Russian жи́хать (žíxatʹ, “to bend”), from Proto-Indo-European *ger- (“to bend, turn”), but this is purely speculative. Kroonen instead derives the verb from a Proto-Indo-European *geys- (“to turn, become”), and compares Hittite [script needed] (kīša(ri) ~ kišanta(ri), “to happen, occur, become”).


plōgijaną

plōgijō (active first-person indicative singular)
plōgijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
plōgijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
plōgīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
plōgijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
plōgī (active imperative second-person singular)
plōgijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
plōgijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
plōgīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
plōgijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
plōgijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
plōgijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
plōgijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
plōgijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
plōgijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
plōgijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
plōgijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
plōgijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
plōgijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
plōgijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
plōgijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
plōgijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
plōgīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
plōgijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
plōgīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
plōgijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
plōgijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
plōgijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
plōgijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
plōgijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
plōgijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
plōgijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
plōgidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
plōgidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
plōgidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
plōgidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
plōgidē (active indicative singular third-person)
plōgidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
plōgidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
plōgidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
plōgidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
plōgidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
plōgidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
plōgidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
plōgidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
plōgidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
plōgidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
plōgidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
plōgijandz (active participle present)
plōgidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *plōgijan
Old Saxon: *plōgian
Middle Low German: plȫgen
Old Dutch: *pluogen
Middle Dutch: ploegen
Dutch: ploegen
Limburgish: plógke
Old High German: *pfluogen
Middle High German: pflügen
German: pflügen
Rhine Franconian: pluge, pluje

Old Norse: plǿgja, plœgja

Icelandic: plægja

Faroese: pløga

Norwegian:

Norwegian Bokmål: pløye

Norwegian Nynorsk: pløye

Swedish: plöja

Danish: pløje


staupijaną

staupijō (active first-person indicative singular)
staupijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
staupijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
staupīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
staupijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
staupī (active imperative second-person singular)
staupijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
staupijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
staupīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
staupijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
staupijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
staupijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
staupijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
staupijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
staupijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
staupijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
staupijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
staupijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
staupijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
staupijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
staupijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
staupijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
staupīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
staupijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
staupīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
staupijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
staupijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
staupijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
staupijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
staupijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
staupijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
staupijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
staupidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
staupidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
staupidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
staupidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
staupidē (active indicative singular third-person)
staupidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
staupidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
staupidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
staupidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
staupidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
staupidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
staupidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
staupidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
staupidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
staupidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
staupidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
staupijandz (active participle present)
staupidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *staupijan
Old English: *stīepan
Middle English: stepen (possibly loaned from Old Norse instead)
English: steep
Old Saxon: *stōpian
Middle Low German: stȫpen

Old Norse: steypa

Icelandic: steypa

Faroese: stoypa

Norwegian Nynorsk: støypa

Old Swedish: stø̄pa

Swedish: stöpa

Danish: støbe

Norwegian Bokmål: støpe

From *staupaz (“pitcher, jar, bucket"; originally "steep, high”) + *-janą.


staupijaną

Old Norse: steypa

Icelandic: steypa

Norwegian Nynorsk: støypa

From *stūpaną (“to stoop, fall down”) + *-janą (causative).


baþjaną

baþjō (active first-person indicative singular)
baþjaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
baþjai (first-person indicative passive singular)
baþisi (active indicative second-person singular)
baþjais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
baþi (active imperative second-person singular)
baþjasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
baþjaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
baþiþi (active indicative singular third-person)
baþjai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
baþjaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
baþjaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
baþjaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
baþjōs (active dual first-person indicative)
baþjaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
baþjaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
baþjaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
baþjaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
baþjamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
baþjaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
baþjanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
baþjainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
baþiþ (active indicative plural second-person)
baþjaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
baþiþ (active imperative plural second-person)
baþjanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
baþjainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
baþjanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
baþjain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
baþjanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
baþjanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
baþjainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
baþidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
baþidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
baþidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
baþidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
baþidē (active indicative singular third-person)
baþidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
baþidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
baþidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
baþidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
baþidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
baþidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
baþidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
baþidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
baþidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
baþidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
baþidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
baþjandz (active participle present)
baþidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *baþþjan, *baþigōn
Old English: bæþþan, beþþan; beþian, beþigean (alternative forms from variant *baþigōn)
Middle English: bethen, beðen, beþien (Early Middle English)
English: beath (dialectal)
Old Frisian: *beththa, *bethia
West Frisian: bette, betsje
Old Saxon: *beththian
>? Middle Low German: *betten
Low German: betten (probably a loanword from Frisian)
Old Dutch: *beththen
Middle Dutch: betten, bessen
Dutch: betten
West Flemish: bessen

Old Norse: *beða

Elfdalian: beða

to moisturize, to make wet (with warm water)


skadwijaną

skadwijō (active first-person indicative singular)
skadwijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
skadwijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
skadwīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
skadwijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
skadwī (active imperative second-person singular)
skadwijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
skadwijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
skadwīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
skadwijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
skadwijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
skadwijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
skadwijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
skadwijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
skadwijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
skadwijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
skadwijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
skadwijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
skadwijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
skadwijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
skadwijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
skadwijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
skadwīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
skadwijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
skadwīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
skadwijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
skadwijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
skadwijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
skadwijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
skadwijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
skadwijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
skadwijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
skadwidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
skadwidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
skadwidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
skadwidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
skadwidē (active indicative singular third-person)
skadwidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
skadwidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
skadwidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
skadwidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
skadwidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
skadwidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
skadwidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
skadwidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
skadwidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
skadwidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
skadwidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
skadwijandz (active participle present)
skadwidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *skadwijan
Old Saxon: skadoian
Old Dutch: skediwen
Old High German: *sketiwen
Middle High German: schetewen

Gothic: *𐍃𐌺𐌰𐌳𐍅𐌾𐌰𐌽 (*skadwjan)

desc

𐌿𐍆𐌰𐍂𐍃𐌺𐌰𐌳𐍅𐌾𐌰𐌽

⇒ Gothic: 𐌿𐍆𐌰𐍂𐍃𐌺𐌰𐌳𐍅𐌾𐌰𐌽 (ufarskadwjan)

to shade, to darken, to cover with shadow


slimpaną

slimpō (active first-person indicative singular)
slimpaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
slimpai (first-person indicative passive singular)
slimpizi (active indicative second-person singular)
slimpaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
slimp (active imperative second-person singular)
slimpazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
slimpaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
slimpidi (active indicative singular third-person)
slimpai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
slimpadau (active imperative singular third-person)
slimpadai (indicative passive singular third-person)
slimpaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
slimpōz (active dual first-person indicative)
slimpaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
slimpadiz (active dual indicative second-person)
slimpaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
slimpadiz (active dual imperative second-person)
slimpamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
slimpaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
slimpandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
slimpaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
slimpid (active indicative plural second-person)
slimpaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
slimpid (active imperative plural second-person)
slimpandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
slimpaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
slimpandi (active indicative plural third-person)
slimpain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
slimpandau (active imperative plural third-person)
slimpandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
slimpaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
slamp (active first-person indicative singular)
slumpį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
slamft (active indicative second-person singular)
slumpīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
slamp (active indicative singular third-person)
slumpī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
slumpū (active dual first-person indicative)
slumpīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
slumpudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
slumpīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
slumpum (active first-person indicative plural)
slumpīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
slumpud (active indicative plural second-person)
slumpīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
slumpun (active indicative plural third-person)
slumpīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
slimpandz (active participle present)
slumpanaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Old Norse: sleppa

Icelandic: slippa

Faroese: sleppa

Norwegian:

Norwegian Bokmål: slippe, sleppe

Norwegian Nynorsk: sleppa, sleppe

Swedish: slippa

Danish: slippe

From Proto-Indo-European *(s)lembʰ- (“to hang limply”). It likely has the same origins as *limpaną with an s-mobile attached to the root.


slintaną

slintō (active first-person indicative singular)
slintaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
slintai (first-person indicative passive singular)
slintizi (active indicative second-person singular)
slintaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
slint (active imperative second-person singular)
slintazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
slintaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
slintidi (active indicative singular third-person)
slintai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
slintadau (active imperative singular third-person)
slintadai (indicative passive singular third-person)
slintaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
slintōz (active dual first-person indicative)
slintaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
slintadiz (active dual indicative second-person)
slintaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
slintadiz (active dual imperative second-person)
slintamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
slintaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
slintandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
slintaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
slintid (active indicative plural second-person)
slintaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
slintid (active imperative plural second-person)
slintandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
slintaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
slintandi (active indicative plural third-person)
slintain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
slintandau (active imperative plural third-person)
slintandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
slintaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
slant (active first-person indicative singular)
sluntį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
slanst (active indicative second-person singular)
sluntīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
slant (active indicative singular third-person)
sluntī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
sluntū (active dual first-person indicative)
sluntīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
sluntudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
sluntīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
sluntum (active first-person indicative plural)
sluntīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
sluntud (active indicative plural second-person)
sluntīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
sluntun (active indicative plural third-person)
sluntīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
slintandz (active participle present)
sluntanaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Old Norse: sletta, *slinta

Icelandic: sletta

Faroese: sletta

Norwegian:

Norwegian Nynorsk: sletta, slette

Swedish: slinta

Likely related to *slīdaną and *slindaną.


hrinkwaną

hrinkwō (active first-person indicative singular)
hrinkwaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
hrinkwai (first-person indicative passive singular)
hrinkwizi (active indicative second-person singular)
hrinkwaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
hrinkw (active imperative second-person singular)
hrinkwazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
hrinkwaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
hrinkwidi (active indicative singular third-person)
hrinkwai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
hrinkwadau (active imperative singular third-person)
hrinkwadai (indicative passive singular third-person)
hrinkwaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
hrinkwōz (active dual first-person indicative)
hrinkwaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
hrinkwadiz (active dual indicative second-person)
hrinkwaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
hrinkwadiz (active dual imperative second-person)
hrinkwamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
hrinkwaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
hrinkwandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
hrinkwaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
hrinkwid (active indicative plural second-person)
hrinkwaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
hrinkwid (active imperative plural second-person)
hrinkwandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
hrinkwaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
hrinkwandi (active indicative plural third-person)
hrinkwain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
hrinkwandau (active imperative plural third-person)
hrinkwandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
hrinkwaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
hrankw (active first-person indicative singular)
hrunkį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
hranht (active indicative second-person singular)
hrunkīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
hrankw (active indicative singular third-person)
hrunkī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
hrunkū (active dual first-person indicative)
hrunkīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
hrunkudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
hrunkīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
hrunkum (active first-person indicative plural)
hrunkīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
hrunkud (active indicative plural second-person)
hrunkīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
hrunkun (active indicative plural third-person)
hrunkīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
hrinkwandz (active participle present)
hrunkwanaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Old Norse: hrøkkva

Icelandic: hrökkva

Faroese: røkka

Norwegian Nynorsk: rekka

Danish: række

Norwegian Bokmål: rekke

Unclear. According to Pokorny, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kreng-, nasalized variant of *(s)ker- (“to bend”).
Thought to be related to Old High German hranca and Middle Dutch ranke (“tendril, twig”). Furthermore possibly related to Old Church Slavonic крѫгъ (krǫgŭ, “circle”).


klinkwaną

klinkwō (active first-person indicative singular)
klinkwaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
klinkwai (first-person indicative passive singular)
klinkwizi (active indicative second-person singular)
klinkwaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
klinkw (active imperative second-person singular)
klinkwazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
klinkwaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
klinkwidi (active indicative singular third-person)
klinkwai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
klinkwadau (active imperative singular third-person)
klinkwadai (indicative passive singular third-person)
klinkwaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
klinkwōz (active dual first-person indicative)
klinkwaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
klinkwadiz (active dual indicative second-person)
klinkwaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
klinkwadiz (active dual imperative second-person)
klinkwamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
klinkwaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
klinkwandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
klinkwaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
klinkwid (active indicative plural second-person)
klinkwaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
klinkwid (active imperative plural second-person)
klinkwandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
klinkwaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
klinkwandi (active indicative plural third-person)
klinkwain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
klinkwandau (active imperative plural third-person)
klinkwandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
klinkwaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
klankw (active first-person indicative singular)
klunkį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
klanht (active indicative second-person singular)
klunkīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
klankw (active indicative singular third-person)
klunkī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
klunkū (active dual first-person indicative)
klunkīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
klunkudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
klunkīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
klunkum (active first-person indicative plural)
klunkīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
klunkud (active indicative plural second-person)
klunkīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
klunkun (active indicative plural third-person)
klunkīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
klinkwandz (active participle present)
klunkwanaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Old Norse: klǫkkva

Icelandic: klökkva

Faroese: kløkka

Norwegian:

Norwegian Bokmål: kløkke

Norwegian Nynorsk: kløkke, kløkka

Danish: klynke, klykke

→ Norwegian Bokmål: klynke

→ Norwegian Nynorsk: klynke, klynka

According to Kroonen the verb is closely related to *klinganą (“to cling, to stick”), in his reconstruction both verbs originally had the meaning 'to shrink'. He suggests a connection with Lithuanian gležti (“to become flabby”).

to be afraid, to be shocked, to be appalled


krintaną

krintō (active first-person indicative singular)
krintaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
krintai (first-person indicative passive singular)
krintizi (active indicative second-person singular)
krintaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
krint (active imperative second-person singular)
krintazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
krintaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
krintidi (active indicative singular third-person)
krintai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
krintadau (active imperative singular third-person)
krintadai (indicative passive singular third-person)
krintaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
krintōz (active dual first-person indicative)
krintaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
krintadiz (active dual indicative second-person)
krintaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
krintadiz (active dual imperative second-person)
krintamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
krintaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
krintandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
krintaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
krintid (active indicative plural second-person)
krintaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
krintid (active imperative plural second-person)
krintandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
krintaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
krintandi (active indicative plural third-person)
krintain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
krintandau (active imperative plural third-person)
krintandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
krintaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
krant (active first-person indicative singular)
kruntį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
kranst (active indicative second-person singular)
kruntīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
krant (active indicative singular third-person)
kruntī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
kruntū (active dual first-person indicative)
kruntīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
kruntudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
kruntīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
kruntum (active first-person indicative plural)
kruntīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
kruntud (active indicative plural second-person)
kruntīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
kruntun (active indicative plural third-person)
kruntīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
krintandz (active participle present)
kruntanaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Old Norse: kretta

Icelandic: kretta

Unclear, possibly related to *krītaną (“to shout, to proclaim”) with a nasal-infix.


þrintaną

þrintō (active first-person indicative singular)
þrintaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
þrintai (first-person indicative passive singular)
þrintizi (active indicative second-person singular)
þrintaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
þrint (active imperative second-person singular)
þrintazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
þrintaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
þrintidi (active indicative singular third-person)
þrintai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
þrintadau (active imperative singular third-person)
þrintadai (indicative passive singular third-person)
þrintaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
þrintōz (active dual first-person indicative)
þrintaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
þrintadiz (active dual indicative second-person)
þrintaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
þrintadiz (active dual imperative second-person)
þrintamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
þrintaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
þrintandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
þrintaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
þrintid (active indicative plural second-person)
þrintaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
þrintid (active imperative plural second-person)
þrintandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
þrintaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
þrintandi (active indicative plural third-person)
þrintain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
þrintandau (active imperative plural third-person)
þrintandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
þrintaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
þrant (active first-person indicative singular)
þruntį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
þranst (active indicative second-person singular)
þruntīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
þrant (active indicative singular third-person)
þruntī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
þruntū (active dual first-person indicative)
þruntīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
þruntudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
þruntīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
þruntum (active first-person indicative plural)
þruntīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
þruntud (active indicative plural second-person)
þruntīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
þruntun (active indicative plural third-person)
þruntīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
þrintandz (active participle present)
þruntanaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *þrintan
Old English: *þrintan
⇒ Old English: aþrintan
Old Saxon: *thrintan
Middle Low German: drinten
Old Dutch: *thrintan
Middle Dutch: drinten
>? Old High German:
>? Middle High German: trinten (unclear why the verb has an initial t-)

Unclear, possibly related to *þrindaną and *þrimmaną (“to swell”).


þrindaną

þrindō (active first-person indicative singular)
þrindaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
þrindai (first-person indicative passive singular)
þrindizi (active indicative second-person singular)
þrindaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
þrind (active imperative second-person singular)
þrindazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
þrindaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
þrindidi (active indicative singular third-person)
þrindai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
þrindadau (active imperative singular third-person)
þrindadai (indicative passive singular third-person)
þrindaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
þrindōz (active dual first-person indicative)
þrindaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
þrindadiz (active dual indicative second-person)
þrindaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
þrindadiz (active dual imperative second-person)
þrindamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
þrindaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
þrindandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
þrindaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
þrindid (active indicative plural second-person)
þrindaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
þrindid (active imperative plural second-person)
þrindandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
þrindaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
þrindandi (active indicative plural third-person)
þrindain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
þrindandau (active imperative plural third-person)
þrindandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
þrindaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
þrand (active first-person indicative singular)
þrundį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
þranst (active indicative second-person singular)
þrundīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
þrand (active indicative singular third-person)
þrundī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
þrundū (active dual first-person indicative)
þrundīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
þrundudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
þrundīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
þrundum (active first-person indicative plural)
þrundīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
þrundud (active indicative plural second-person)
þrundīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
þrundun (active indicative plural third-person)
þrundīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
þrindandz (active participle present)
þrundanaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *þrindan
Old English: þrindan
Old High German: *drindan
Middle High German: drinden

Unclear, possibly related to *þrintaną and *þrimmaną (“to swell”).


skrindaną

skrindō (active first-person indicative singular)
skrindaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
skrindai (first-person indicative passive singular)
skrindizi (active indicative second-person singular)
skrindaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
skrind (active imperative second-person singular)
skrindazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
skrindaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
skrindidi (active indicative singular third-person)
skrindai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
skrindadau (active imperative singular third-person)
skrindadai (indicative passive singular third-person)
skrindaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
skrindōz (active dual first-person indicative)
skrindaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
skrindadiz (active dual indicative second-person)
skrindaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
skrindadiz (active dual imperative second-person)
skrindamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
skrindaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
skrindandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
skrindaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
skrindid (active indicative plural second-person)
skrindaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
skrindid (active imperative plural second-person)
skrindandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
skrindaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
skrindandi (active indicative plural third-person)
skrindain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
skrindandau (active imperative plural third-person)
skrindandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
skrindaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
skrand (active first-person indicative singular)
skrundį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
skranst (active indicative second-person singular)
skrundīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
skrand (active indicative singular third-person)
skrundī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
skrundū (active dual first-person indicative)
skrundīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
skrundudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
skrundīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
skrundum (active first-person indicative plural)
skrundīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
skrundud (active indicative plural second-person)
skrundīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
skrundun (active indicative plural third-person)
skrundīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
skrindandz (active participle present)
skrundanaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *skrindan
Old Saxon: *skrindan
Middle Low German: schrinden
Old Dutch: *scrindan
Middle Dutch: schrinden
Old High German: skrintan, *skrindan
Middle High German: schrinden

Likely from an extended form of Proto-Indo-European *(s)ker- (“to cut”).


swinkaną

swinkō (active first-person indicative singular)
swinkaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
swinkai (first-person indicative passive singular)
swinkizi (active indicative second-person singular)
swinkaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
swink (active imperative second-person singular)
swinkazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
swinkaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
swinkidi (active indicative singular third-person)
swinkai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
swinkadau (active imperative singular third-person)
swinkadai (indicative passive singular third-person)
swinkaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
swinkōz (active dual first-person indicative)
swinkaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
swinkadiz (active dual indicative second-person)
swinkaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
swinkadiz (active dual imperative second-person)
swinkamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
swinkaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
swinkandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
swinkaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
swinkid (active indicative plural second-person)
swinkaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
swinkid (active imperative plural second-person)
swinkandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
swinkaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
swinkandi (active indicative plural third-person)
swinkain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
swinkandau (active imperative plural third-person)
swinkandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
swinkaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
swank (active first-person indicative singular)
sunkį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
swanht (active indicative second-person singular)
sunkīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
swank (active indicative singular third-person)
sunkī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
sunkū (active dual first-person indicative)
sunkīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
sunkudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
sunkīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
sunkum (active first-person indicative plural)
sunkīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
sunkud (active indicative plural second-person)
sunkīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
sunkun (active indicative plural third-person)
sunkīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
swinkandz (active participle present)
sunkanaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *swinkan

Old English: swincan (“to toil, labor”) (or borrowed from Old Norse)

Middle English: swinken

English: swink

Old Norse: svinka (“to labor”)

Of uncertain origin; possibly related to Old Irish seng (“slender, slim”), though the semantic connection is weak. Compare *swangaz (“thin, slender”).


wrimpaną

wrimpō (active first-person indicative singular)
wrimpaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
wrimpai (first-person indicative passive singular)
wrimpizi (active indicative second-person singular)
wrimpaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
wrimp (active imperative second-person singular)
wrimpazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
wrimpaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
wrimpidi (active indicative singular third-person)
wrimpai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
wrimpadau (active imperative singular third-person)
wrimpadai (indicative passive singular third-person)
wrimpaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
wrimpōz (active dual first-person indicative)
wrimpaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
wrimpadiz (active dual indicative second-person)
wrimpaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
wrimpadiz (active dual imperative second-person)
wrimpamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
wrimpaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
wrimpandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
wrimpaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
wrimpid (active indicative plural second-person)
wrimpaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
wrimpid (active imperative plural second-person)
wrimpandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
wrimpaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
wrimpandi (active indicative plural third-person)
wrimpain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
wrimpandau (active imperative plural third-person)
wrimpandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
wrimpaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
wramp (active first-person indicative singular)
wrumpį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
wramft (active indicative second-person singular)
wrumpīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
wramp (active indicative singular third-person)
wrumpī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
wrumpū (active dual first-person indicative)
wrumpīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
wrumpudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
wrumpīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
wrumpum (active first-person indicative plural)
wrumpīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
wrumpud (active indicative plural second-person)
wrumpīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
wrumpun (active indicative plural third-person)
wrumpīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
wrimpandz (active participle present)
wrumpanaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *wrimpan
Old Saxon: *wrimpan
Middle Low German: wrimpen
Old Dutch: *wrimpan
Middle Dutch: wrimpen, wrempen
Dutch: wrimpen (dated)
Old High German: *rimpfan
Middle High German: rimpfen

From *wer- (“to turn, twist”). Compare Ancient Greek ῥέμβω (rhémbō, “I turn in circles”).
Possibly a Blend of *wringaną (“to squeeze, to twist”) + *hrimpaną (“to wrinkle, to shrink”).