latāną

latō (active first-person indicative singular)
lataisi (active indicative second-person singular)
latai (active imperative second-person singular)
latāsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
lataiþi (active indicative singular third-person)
latāþau (active imperative singular third-person)
latāþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
latōs (active dual first-person indicative)
latāþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
latāþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
latāmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
latānþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
lataiþ (active indicative plural second-person)
lataiþ (active imperative plural second-person)
latānþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
latānþi (active indicative plural third-person)
latānþau (active imperative plural third-person)
latānþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
latadǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
latadēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
latadēz (active indicative second-person singular)
latadēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
latadē (active indicative singular third-person)
latadēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
latadēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
latadēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
latadēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
latadēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
latadēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
latadēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
latadēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
latadēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
latadēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
latadēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
latāndz (active participle present)
latadaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *latēn
Old English: latian
Middle English: laten
Old Saxon: *latōn
Middle Low German: lāten
Old High German: lazēn, lazzēn, lazōn
Middle High German: lazzen

Old Norse: lata

Icelandic: lata


aināną

ainō (active first-person indicative singular)
ainaisi (active indicative second-person singular)
ainai (active imperative second-person singular)
aināsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
ainaiþi (active indicative singular third-person)
aināþau (active imperative singular third-person)
aināþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
ainōs (active dual first-person indicative)
aināþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
aināþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
aināmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
ainānþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
ainaiþ (active indicative plural second-person)
ainaiþ (active imperative plural second-person)
ainānþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
ainānþi (active indicative plural third-person)
ainānþau (active imperative plural third-person)
ainānþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
ainadǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
ainadēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
ainadēz (active indicative second-person singular)
ainadēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
ainadē (active indicative singular third-person)
ainadēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
ainadēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
ainadēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
ainadēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
ainadēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
ainadēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
ainadēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
ainadēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
ainadēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
ainadēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
ainadēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
aināndz (active participle present)
ainadaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *ainēn
Old High German: *einēn
Middle High German: einen
⇒ Old High German: ireinēn

Gothic: *𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌰𐌽 (*ainan)

⇒ Gothic: 𐌲𐌰𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌰𐌽 (gaainan)

/ˈɑi̯.nɑː.nɑ̃/

From both *ainaz (“one”) + *-āną (“stative-fientive suffix”) and *ainaz (“one”) + *-āną (“factitive suffix”).


wisnaną

wisnō (active first-person indicative singular)
wisnaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
wisnōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
wisnais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
wisnō (active imperative second-person singular)
wisnōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
wisnai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
wisnōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
wisnōs (active dual first-person indicative)
wisnaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
wisnaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
wisnaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
wisnaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
wisnamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
wisnaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
wisnaþ (active indicative plural second-person)
wisnaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
wisnaþ (active imperative plural second-person)
wisnanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
wisnain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
wisnanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
wisnōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
wisnōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
wisnōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
wisnōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
wisnōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
wisnōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
wisnōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
wisnōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
wisnōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
wisnōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
wisnōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
wisnōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
wisnōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
wisnōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
wisnōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
wisnōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
wisnandz (active participle present)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *wisnēn
Old English: wisnian, weosnian
Middle English: wisenen
English: wizen
Old High German: wesanēn

Old Norse: visna
Danish: visne
Norwegian Bokmål: visne
Icelandic: visna
Norwegian Nynorsk: visna
Swedish: vissna


twiznāną

twiznō (active first-person indicative singular)
twiznaisi (active indicative second-person singular)
twiznai (active imperative second-person singular)
twiznāsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
twiznaiþi (active indicative singular third-person)
twiznāþau (active imperative singular third-person)
twiznāþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
twiznōs (active dual first-person indicative)
twiznāþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
twiznāþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
twiznāmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
twiznānþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
twiznaiþ (active indicative plural second-person)
twiznaiþ (active imperative plural second-person)
twiznānþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
twiznānþi (active indicative plural third-person)
twiznānþau (active imperative plural third-person)
twiznānþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
twiznadǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
twiznadēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
twiznadēz (active indicative second-person singular)
twiznadēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
twiznadē (active indicative singular third-person)
twiznadēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
twiznadēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
twiznadēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
twiznadēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
twiznadēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
twiznadēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
twiznadēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
twiznadēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
twiznadēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
twiznadēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
twiznadēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
twiznāndz (active participle present)
twiznadaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *twiʀnēn, *twiʀnōn
Old English: *twīnian
Middle English: twynen
English: twine
Scots: twine
Old Frisian: *twīnia
Saterland Frisian: twienje
West Frisian: twynje, twine
Old Saxon: *twirnōn
Middle Low German: twernen
Low German: twernen
Old Dutch: *twirnon, *twīnon
Middle Dutch: twernen, twinen
Dutch: tweernen, twijnen
Old High German: zwirnēn, zwirnōn
Middle High German: zwirnen
German: zwirnen

Old Norse: tvinna

Icelandic: tvinna

Norwegian:

Norwegian Bokmål: tvinne

Swedish: tvinna

Danish: tvinde


grunnitjaną

grunnitjō (active first-person indicative singular)
grunnitjaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
grunnitjai (first-person indicative passive singular)
grunnitisi (active indicative second-person singular)
grunnitjais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
grunniti (active imperative second-person singular)
grunnitjasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
grunnitjaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
grunnitiþi (active indicative singular third-person)
grunnitjai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
grunnitjaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
grunnitjaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
grunnitjaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
grunnitjōs (active dual first-person indicative)
grunnitjaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
grunnitjaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
grunnitjaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
grunnitjaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
grunnitjamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
grunnitjaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
grunnitjanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
grunnitjainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
grunnitiþ (active indicative plural second-person)
grunnitjaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
grunnitiþ (active imperative plural second-person)
grunnitjanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
grunnitjainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
grunnitjanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
grunnitjain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
grunnitjanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
grunnitjanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
grunnitjainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
grunnistǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
grunnistēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
grunnistēz (active indicative second-person singular)
grunnistēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
grunnistē (active indicative singular third-person)
grunnistēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
grunnistēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
grunnistēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
grunnistēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
grunnistēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
grunnistēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
grunnistēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
grunnistēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
grunnistēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
grunnistēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
grunnistēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
grunnitjandz (active participle present)
grunnitidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *grunnittjan

Old English: *gryntan

Middle English: grinten

English: grint

⇒ Old English: ongryntan

Old Norse: *grynta

Norwegian Bokmål: grynte

Norwegian Nynorsk: grynte

Swedish: grymta

Old Danish: grynte

Danish: grynte


skībōną

skībō (active first-person indicative singular)
skībǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
skībōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
skībōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
skībōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
skībō (active imperative second-person singular)
skībōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
skībōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
skībōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
skībō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
skībōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
skībōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
skībōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
skībōs (active dual first-person indicative)
skībōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
skībōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
skībōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
skībōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
skībōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
skībōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
skībōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
skībōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
skībōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
skībōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
skībōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
skībōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
skībōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
skībōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
skībōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
skībōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
skībōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
skībōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
skībōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
skībōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
skībōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
skībōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
skībōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
skībōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
skībōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
skībōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
skībōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
skībōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
skībōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
skībōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
skībōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
skībōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
skībōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
skībōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
skībōndz (active participle present)
skībōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *skībōn
Old Frisian: skīvia

Old Norse: skífa
Danish: skive
Faroese: skiva
Icelandic: skífa
Norwegian Bokmål: skive
Swedish: skiva


preunōną

preunō (active first-person indicative singular)
preunǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
preunōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
preunōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
preunōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
preunō (active imperative second-person singular)
preunōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
preunōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
preunōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
preunō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
preunōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
preunōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
preunōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
preunōs (active dual first-person indicative)
preunōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
preunōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
preunōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
preunōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
preunōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
preunōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
preunōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
preunōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
preunōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
preunōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
preunōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
preunōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
preunōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
preunōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
preunōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
preunōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
preunōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
preunōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
preunōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
preunōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
preunōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
preunōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
preunōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
preunōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
preunōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
preunōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
preunōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
preunōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
preunōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
preunōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
preunōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
preunōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
preunōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
preunōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
preunōndz (active participle present)
preunōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *preunōn, *preumōn
Old English: *prēonan (and / or from *priunijan)
Middle English: prenen
English: preen
Old Frisian: *priāmia
West Frisian: priemje, priemkje
Old Saxon: *priomon
Middle Low German: prêmen
Old Dutch: *priemon (and / or from *priunijan)
Middle Dutch: priemen
Dutch: priemen

Old Norse: *prjóna

Icelandic: prjóna


aitrōną

aitrō (active first-person indicative singular)
aitrǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
aitrōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
aitrōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
aitrōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
aitrō (active imperative second-person singular)
aitrōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
aitrōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
aitrōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
aitrō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
aitrōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
aitrōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
aitrōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
aitrōs (active dual first-person indicative)
aitrōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
aitrōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
aitrōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
aitrōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
aitrōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
aitrōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
aitrōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
aitrōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
aitrōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
aitrōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
aitrōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
aitrōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
aitrōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
aitrōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
aitrōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
aitrōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
aitrōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
aitrōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
aitrōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
aitrōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
aitrōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
aitrōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
aitrōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
aitrōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
aitrōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
aitrōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
aitrōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
aitrōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
aitrōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
aitrōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
aitrōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
aitrōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
aitrōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
aitrōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
aitrōndz (active participle present)
aitrōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *aittrōn
Old English: ǣtrian, ātrian, ǣttrian
Middle English: attren
English: atter
Scots: etter (vocalism may be due to influence from Old Norse eitra)
Old Frisian: *ātria, *āttria
Saterland Frisian: atterje
Old Saxon: *ētarōn, *ēttarōn
Middle Low German: etteren
Old Dutch: *eitaron, *eittaron
Middle Dutch: etteren
Dutch: etteren
Old High German: eitarōn, eittarōn
Middle High German: eiteren, eitern
German: eitern

Old Norse: eitra

Faroese: eitra

Icelandic: eitra


wērijaną

wērijō (active first-person indicative singular)
wērijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
wērijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
wērīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
wērijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
wērī (active imperative second-person singular)
wērijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
wērijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
wērīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
wērijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
wērijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
wērijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
wērijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
wērijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
wērijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
wērijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
wērijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
wērijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
wērijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
wērijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
wērijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
wērijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
wērīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
wērijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
wērīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
wērijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
wērijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
wērijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
wērijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
wērijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
wērijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
wērijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
wēridǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
wēridēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
wēridēz (active indicative second-person singular)
wēridēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
wēridē (active indicative singular third-person)
wēridēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
wēridēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
wēridēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
wēridēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
wēridēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
wēridēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
wēridēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
wēridēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
wēridēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
wēridēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
wēridēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
wērijandz (active participle present)
wēridaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *wārijan
Old English: wǣran
Old Frisian: wēra
Old Saxon: *wārian
Middle Low German: wēren
Old Dutch: *wāren
Middle Dutch: wāren
Old High German: wāren
Middle High German: wæren

>? Old Norse: væra (to soothe, pacify)

Gothic: *𐍅𐌴𐍂𐌾𐌰𐌽 (*wērjan)

⇒ Gothic: 𐍄𐌿𐌶𐍅𐌴𐍂𐌾𐌰𐌽 (tuzwērjan)

⇒ Gothic: 𐌿𐌽𐍅𐌴𐍂𐌾𐌰𐌽 (unwērjan)

From *wēraz (“true, reliable, friendly”) + *-janą.


andagaldijaną

andagaldijō (active first-person indicative singular)
andagaldijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
andagaldijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
andagaldīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
andagaldijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
andagaldī (active imperative second-person singular)
andagaldijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
andagaldijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
andagaldīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
andagaldijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
andagaldijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
andagaldijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
andagaldijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
andagaldijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
andagaldijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
andagaldijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
andagaldijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
andagaldijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
andagaldijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
andagaldijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
andagaldijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
andagaldijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
andagaldīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
andagaldijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
andagaldīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
andagaldijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
andagaldijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
andagaldijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
andagaldijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
andagaldijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
andagaldijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
andagaldijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
andagaldidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
andagaldidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
andagaldidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
andagaldidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
andagaldidē (active indicative singular third-person)
andagaldidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
andagaldidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
andagaldidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
andagaldidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
andagaldidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
andagaldidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
andagaldidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
andagaldidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
andagaldidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
andagaldidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
andagaldidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
andagaldijandz (active participle present)
andagaldidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *andagaldijan
Old Saxon: andgeldian
Old High German: intgelten

From *andageldaną (“to pay for, repay”) + *-janą.


hamōną

hamō (active first-person indicative singular)
hamǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
hamōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
hamōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
hamōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
hamō (active imperative second-person singular)
hamōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
hamōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
hamōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
hamō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
hamōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
hamōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
hamōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
hamōs (active dual first-person indicative)
hamōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
hamōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
hamōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
hamōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
hamōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
hamōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
hamōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
hamōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
hamōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
hamōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
hamōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
hamōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
hamōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
hamōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
hamōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
hamōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
hamōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
hamōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
hamōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
hamōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
hamōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
hamōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
hamōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
hamōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
hamōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
hamōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
hamōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
hamōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
hamōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
hamōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
hamōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
hamōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
hamōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
hamōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
hamōndz (active participle present)
hamōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *hamōn

Old Frisian: *hamia

desc

>? Old Frisian: *haminge, hamminge (“leathers, leather gear, leather clothing”)

Old Norse: *hama

⇒ Old Norse: hamask, hamast (“to cover oneself or dress in animal skins, take on the form and persona of an animal; go berserk, rage”, reflexive form)

Icelandic: hamast

Gothic: *𐌷𐌰𐌼𐍉𐌽 (*hamōn)


wītagōną

wītagō (active first-person indicative singular)
wītagǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
wītagōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
wītagōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
wītagōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
wītagō (active imperative second-person singular)
wītagōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
wītagōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
wītagōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
wītagō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
wītagōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
wītagōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
wītagōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
wītagōs (active dual first-person indicative)
wītagōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
wītagōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
wītagōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
wītagōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
wītagōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
wītagōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
wītagōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
wītagōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
wītagōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
wītagōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
wītagōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
wītagōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
wītagōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
wītagōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
wītagōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
wītagōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
wītagōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
wītagōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
wītagōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
wītagōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
wītagōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
wītagōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
wītagōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
wītagōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
wītagōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
wītagōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
wītagōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
wītagōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
wītagōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
wītagōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
wītagōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
wītagōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
wītagōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
wītagōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
wītagōndz (active participle present)
wītagōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *wītagōn
Old High German: *wīzagōn
Middle High German: wīzegen, wītzegen
German: weizigen

Old Norse: vítka

From *wītagaz (“blameable, reproachable”) + *-ōną.


brutjōną

brutjō (active first-person indicative singular)
brutjǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
brutjōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
brutjōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
brutjōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
brutjō (active imperative second-person singular)
brutjōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
brutjōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
brutjōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
brutjō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
brutjōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
brutjōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
brutjōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
brutjōs (active dual first-person indicative)
brutjōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
brutjōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
brutjōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
brutjōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
brutjōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
brutjōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
brutjōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
brutjōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
brutjōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
brutjōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
brutjōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
brutjōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
brutjōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
brutjōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
brutjōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
brutjōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
brutjōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
brutjōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
brutjōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
brutjōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
brutjōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
brutjōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
brutjōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
brutjōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
brutjōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
brutjōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
brutjōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
brutjōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
brutjōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
brutjōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
brutjōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
brutjōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
brutjōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
brutjōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
brutjōndz (active participle present)
brutjōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *bruttjōn
Old English: bryttian, bryttan

Old Norse: brytja

Likely from *brutjô (“distributor, donor, giver”) + *-ōną. Closely related to the strong verb *breutaną.


liþōną

liþō (active first-person indicative singular)
liþǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
liþōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
liþōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
liþōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
liþō (active imperative second-person singular)
liþōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
liþōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
liþōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
liþō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
liþōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
liþōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
liþōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
liþōs (active dual first-person indicative)
liþōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
liþōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
liþōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
liþōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
liþōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
liþōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
liþōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
liþōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
liþōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
liþōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
liþōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
liþōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
liþōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
liþōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
liþōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
liþōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
liþōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
liþōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
liþōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
liþōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
liþōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
liþōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
liþōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
liþōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
liþōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
liþōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
liþōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
liþōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
liþōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
liþōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
liþōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
liþōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
liþōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
liþōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
liþōndz (active participle present)
liþōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *liþōn
Old English: lioþian
Old Frisian: *lethia
⇒ Old Frisian: oflethinge
Old High German: lidōn
Middle High German: liden

Old Norse: liða

Likely from *liþuz (“joint, limb”) + *-ōną.


liþōną

Proto-West Germanic: *liþōn
Old English: liþian, lioþian
Old Saxon: lithōn
Middle Low German: leden, lēden, leeden (merged with descendant of Proto-West Germanic *laidijan)
(German Low German: leiden)

Old Norse: liða

Closely related to the strong verb *līþaną (“to go, pass”).


segnōną

segnō (active first-person indicative singular)
segnǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
segnōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
segnōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
segnōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
segnō (active imperative second-person singular)
segnōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
segnōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
segnōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
segnō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
segnōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
segnōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
segnōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
segnōs (active dual first-person indicative)
segnōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
segnōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
segnōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
segnōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
segnōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
segnōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
segnōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
segnōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
segnōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
segnōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
segnōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
segnōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
segnōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
segnōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
segnōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
segnōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
segnōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
segnōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
segnōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
segnōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
segnōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
segnōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
segnōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
segnōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
segnōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
segnōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
segnōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
segnōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
segnōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
segnōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
segnōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
segnōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
segnōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
segnōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
segnōndz (active participle present)
segnōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *segnōn
Old English: segnian, sēnian
Middle English: sainen, seinen, senen, sinen, signen
Scots: sain
English: sain
Old Frisian: seinia, sēnia
West Frisian: seinje, seingje, segenje
Old Saxon: segnon
Middle Low German: sēgenen, segenen
Old Dutch: seganon
Middle Dutch: sēgenen
Dutch: zegenen
Old High German: seganōn
Middle High German: segenen, seinen, seingenen
German: segnen

Old Norse: signa

Faroese: signa

desc

Norwegian Nynorsk: signa, signe (e- and split infinitives)

Norwegian Bokmål: signe


flakurōną

flakurō (active first-person indicative singular)
flakurǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
flakurōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
flakurōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
flakurōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
flakurō (active imperative second-person singular)
flakurōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
flakurōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
flakurōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
flakurō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
flakurōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
flakurōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
flakurōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
flakurōs (active dual first-person indicative)
flakurōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
flakurōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
flakurōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
flakurōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
flakurōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
flakurōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
flakurōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
flakurōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
flakurōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
flakurōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
flakurōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
flakurōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
flakurōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
flakurōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
flakurōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
flakurōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
flakurōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
flakurōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
flakurōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
flakurōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
flakurōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
flakurōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
flakurōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
flakurōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
flakurōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
flakurōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
flakurōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
flakurōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
flakurōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
flakurōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
flakurōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
flakurōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
flakurōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
flakurōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
flakurōndz (active participle present)
flakurōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)
*flakkurōną (alternative)

Proto-West Germanic: *flakurōn, *flakkurōn

Old English: *flacorian

Middle English: flakeren

English: flacker

Scots: flecker

Old Frisian: *flakeria

Saterland Frisian: flakkerje

West Frisian: flakkerje

Old Saxon: *flakarōn

Middle Low German: *vlakeren, *vlackeren

German Low German: flackern

Old Dutch: *flakkuron

Middle Dutch: vlackeren

Dutch: flakkeren

Old High German: *flakkarōn, *flackarōn

Middle High German: flackeren, vlackeren, vlackern

German: flackern

German: flacken

Old Norse: flǫkra

Icelandic: flökra, flögra

Faroese: flakra

Norwegian: flakre

Danish: flagre

From *flakuraz + *-ōną. Perhaps related to the origin of *flōkaną (“to strike, beat”).


uzlausijaną

uzlausijō (active first-person indicative singular)
uzlausijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
uzlausijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
uzlausīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
uzlausijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
uzlausī (active imperative second-person singular)
uzlausijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
uzlausijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
uzlausīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
uzlausijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
uzlausijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
uzlausijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
uzlausijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
uzlausijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
uzlausijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
uzlausijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
uzlausijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
uzlausijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
uzlausijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
uzlausijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
uzlausijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
uzlausijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
uzlausīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
uzlausijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
uzlausīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
uzlausijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
uzlausijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
uzlausijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
uzlausijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
uzlausijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
uzlausijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
uzlausijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
uzlausidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
uzlausidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
uzlausidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
uzlausidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
uzlausidē (active indicative singular third-person)
uzlausidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
uzlausidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
uzlausidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
uzlausidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
uzlausidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
uzlausidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
uzlausidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
uzlausidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
uzlausidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
uzlausidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
uzlausidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
uzlausijandz (active participle present)
uzlausidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *uʀlausijan
Old English: ālīesan, ālēsan — Anglian, ālīsan, ālȳsan — Late West Saxon
Middle English: alesen
Old Frisian: urlēsa
Old Saxon: *arlōsian, ālōsian, alōsian
Middle Low German: erlȫsen
Low German: erlöösen
Old Dutch: irlōsen
Middle Dutch: erlosen
Old High German: irlōsen
Middle High German: erlœsen
German: erlösen

Gothic: 𐌿𐍃𐌻𐌰𐌿𐍃𐌾𐌰𐌽 (uslausjan)


mulkōną

mulkō (active first-person indicative singular)
mulkǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
mulkōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
mulkōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
mulkōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
mulkō (active imperative second-person singular)
mulkōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
mulkōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
mulkōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
mulkō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
mulkōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
mulkōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
mulkōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
mulkōs (active dual first-person indicative)
mulkōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
mulkōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
mulkōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
mulkōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
mulkōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
mulkōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
mulkōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
mulkōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
mulkōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
mulkōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
mulkōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
mulkōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
mulkōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
mulkōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
mulkōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
mulkōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
mulkōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
mulkōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
mulkōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
mulkōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
mulkōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
mulkōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
mulkōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
mulkōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
mulkōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
mulkōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
mulkōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
mulkōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
mulkōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
mulkōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
mulkōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
mulkōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
mulkōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
mulkōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
mulkōndz (active participle present)
mulkōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *molkōn
Old Frisian: molkia

Old Norse: molka

Old Swedish: molka

Gutnish: mulka

From *h₂ml̥ǵnéh₂-, a zero-grade iterative formation to Proto-Indo-European *h₂melǵ- (“to milk”). Closely related to the strong verb *melkaną.


sakōną

sakō (active first-person indicative singular)
sakǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
sakōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
sakōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
sakōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
sakō (active imperative second-person singular)
sakōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
sakōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
sakōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
sakō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
sakōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
sakōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
sakōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
sakōs (active dual first-person indicative)
sakōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
sakōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
sakōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
sakōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
sakōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
sakōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
sakōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
sakōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
sakōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
sakōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
sakōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
sakōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
sakōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
sakōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
sakōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
sakōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
sakōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
sakōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
sakōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
sakōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
sakōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
sakōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
sakōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
sakōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
sakōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
sakōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
sakōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
sakōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
sakōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
sakōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
sakōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
sakōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
sakōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
sakōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
sakōndz (active participle present)
sakōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *sakōn
Old English: sacian
Old Frisian: sekia
Old Saxon: sakōn
Middle Low German: sāken
Old Dutch: *sakon
Middle Dutch: sāken
Old High German: *sahhōn
Middle High German: sachen

Old Norse: saka
Icelandic: saka
Norwegian:
Norwegian Bokmål: sake
Norwegian Nynorsk: saka, sake

/ˈˈsɑ.kɔː.nɑ̃/

From *sakō (“case, lawsuit, quarrel”) + *-ōną.


witrōną

witrō (active first-person indicative singular)
witrǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
witrōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
witrōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
witrōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
witrō (active imperative second-person singular)
witrōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
witrōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
witrōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
witrō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
witrōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
witrōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
witrōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
witrōs (active dual first-person indicative)
witrōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
witrōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
witrōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
witrōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
witrōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
witrōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
witrōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
witrōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
witrōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
witrōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
witrōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
witrōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
witrōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
witrōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
witrōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
witrōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
witrōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
witrōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
witrōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
witrōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
witrōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
witrōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
witrōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
witrōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
witrōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
witrōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
witrōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
witrōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
witrōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
witrōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
witrōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
witrōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
witrōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
witrōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
witrōndz (active participle present)
witrōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *wit(t)rōn

Old English: *witerian

Middle English: witteren

⇒ Old English: gewiterian

desctree

Old Norse: vitra
Icelandic: vitra
Norwegian Nynorsk: vitre


saiwalōną

saiwalō (active first-person indicative singular)
saiwalǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
saiwalōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
saiwalōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
saiwalōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
saiwalō (active imperative second-person singular)
saiwalōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
saiwalōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
saiwalōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
saiwalō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
saiwalōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
saiwalōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
saiwalōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
saiwalōs (active dual first-person indicative)
saiwalōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
saiwalōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
saiwalōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
saiwalōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
saiwalōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
saiwalōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
saiwalōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
saiwalōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
saiwalōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
saiwalōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
saiwalōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
saiwalōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
saiwalōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
saiwalōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
saiwalōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
saiwalōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
saiwalōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
saiwalōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
saiwalōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
saiwalōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
saiwalōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
saiwalōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
saiwalōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
saiwalōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
saiwalōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
saiwalōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
saiwalōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
saiwalōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
saiwalōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
saiwalōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
saiwalōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
saiwalōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
saiwalōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
saiwalōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
saiwalōndz (active participle present)
saiwalōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *saiwalōn

Old English: sāwlian

Old Norse: *sála

⇒ Old Norse: sálask

Icelandic: sálast

Faroese: sálast


grubilōną

grubilō (active first-person indicative singular)
grubilǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
grubilōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
grubilōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
grubilōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
grubilō (active imperative second-person singular)
grubilōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
grubilōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
grubilōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
grubilō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
grubilōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
grubilōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
grubilōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
grubilōs (active dual first-person indicative)
grubilōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
grubilōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
grubilōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
grubilōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
grubilōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
grubilōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
grubilōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
grubilōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
grubilōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
grubilōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
grubilōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
grubilōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
grubilōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
grubilōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
grubilōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
grubilōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
grubilōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
grubilōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
grubilōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
grubilōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
grubilōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
grubilōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
grubilōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
grubilōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
grubilōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
grubilōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
grubilōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
grubilōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
grubilōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
grubilōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
grubilōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
grubilōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
grubilōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
grubilōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
grubilōndz (active participle present)
grubilōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *grubilōn
Old Saxon: *gruvilōn
Middle Low German: *gruvelen, *grüvelen
German Low German: gruveln (also possibly borrowed from Middle High/Modern German)
Old High German: grubilōn
Middle High German: grübelen
German: grübeln

Old Norse: grœfla, grufla

Icelandic: grufla

Faroese: gruvla

Norwegian Nynorsk: gruvla

→ Middle English: *grovelen

English: grovel

Middle Scots: grovill

Scots: grovel, grovle, gruvil

Uncertain. Possibly a derivative of *grubilaz (“lying face down", or "a digging instrument”) + *-ōną. Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *gʰrebʰ- (“to dig, scrape, scratch”).


in walą fallaną

Proto-West Germanic: *in wal fallan

Old English: on wæl feallan

desctree

Old Norse: falla í val
Icelandic: falla í val


krakjaną

krakjō (active first-person indicative singular)
krakjaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
krakjai (first-person indicative passive singular)
krakisi (active indicative second-person singular)
krakjais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
kraki (active imperative second-person singular)
krakjasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
krakjaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
krakiþi (active indicative singular third-person)
krakjai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
krakjaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
krakjaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
krakjaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
krakjōs (active dual first-person indicative)
krakjaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
krakjaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
krakjaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
krakjaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
krakjamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
krakjaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
krakjanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
krakjainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
krakiþ (active indicative plural second-person)
krakjaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
krakiþ (active imperative plural second-person)
krakjanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
krakjainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
krakjanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
krakjain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
krakjanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
krakjanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
krakjainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
krakidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
krakidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
krakidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
krakidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
krakidē (active indicative singular third-person)
krakidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
krakidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
krakidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
krakidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
krakidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
krakidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
krakidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
krakidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
krakidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
krakidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
krakidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
krakjandz (active participle present)
krakidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *krakkjan

Old English: *cræċċan, *ċiercan, ċircan

desc

Middle English: cracchen, crykken, cherken, chirken

English: chirk

Scots: chirk, jirg

Old Dutch: *krekken, *kreken

Middle Dutch: kricken, creken

Dutch: krieken; krikken (dialectal)

⇒ Middle Dutch: crekelen

Dutch: krekelen (dialectal)

→? Middle English: creken, criken

English: creak

→ Old French: *criker

Middle French: crikier

French: criquer

Old High German: krehhen, krechen, krekken, krecken

Middle High German: krechen

From Proto-Indo-European *gerg-, *grā- (“to crow, shout”), from Proto-Indo-European *gerh₂- (“to make a sound, cry hoarsely”), ultimately of onomatopoeic origin. Cognate with Lithuanian girgždėti (“to creak, squeak”).

onomatopoeic

onomatopoeic

cog

(West Germanic) to crack; crackle; shriek


burilijōną

burilijō (active first-person indicative singular)
burilijǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
burilijōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
burilijōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
burilijōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
burilijō (active imperative second-person singular)
burilijōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
burilijōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
burilijōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
burilijō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
burilijōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
burilijōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
burilijōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
burilijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
burilijōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
burilijōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
burilijōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
burilijōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
burilijōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
burilijōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
burilijōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
burilijōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
burilijōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
burilijōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
burilijōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
burilijōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
burilijōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
burilijōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
burilijōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
burilijōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
burilijōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
burilijōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
burilijōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
burilijōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
burilijōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
burilijōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
burilijōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
burilijōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
burilijōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
burilijōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
burilijōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
burilijōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
burilijōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
burilijōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
burilijōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
burilijōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
burilijōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
burilijōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
burilijōndz (active participle present)
burilijōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *burilijōn

Old English: byrelian

Old Norse: byrla

From *burilijaz (“cup-bearer, steward”) + *-ōną.


farnōną

farnō (active first-person indicative singular)
farnǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
farnōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
farnōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
farnōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
farnō (active imperative second-person singular)
farnōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
farnōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
farnōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
farnō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
farnōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
farnōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
farnōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
farnōs (active dual first-person indicative)
farnōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
farnōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
farnōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
farnōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
farnōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
farnōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
farnōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
farnōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
farnōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
farnōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
farnōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
farnōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
farnōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
farnōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
farnōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
farnōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
farnōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
farnōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
farnōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
farnōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
farnōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
farnōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
farnōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
farnōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
farnōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
farnōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
farnōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
farnōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
farnōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
farnōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
farnōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
farnōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
farnōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
farnōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
farnōndz (active participle present)
farnōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *farnōn

Old English: farnian

Old Norse: *farna

⇒ Old Norse: farnask

Unclear, but likely related to the strong verb *faraną.


unþafleuhaną

unþafleuhō (active first-person indicative singular)
unþafleuhaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
unþafleuhai (first-person indicative passive singular)
unþafliuhizi (active indicative second-person singular)
unþafleuhaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
unþafleuh (active imperative second-person singular)
unþafleuhazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
unþafleuhaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
unþafliuhidi (active indicative singular third-person)
unþafleuhai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
unþafleuhadau (active imperative singular third-person)
unþafleuhadai (indicative passive singular third-person)
unþafleuhaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
unþafleuhōz (active dual first-person indicative)
unþafleuhaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
unþafleuhadiz (active dual indicative second-person)
unþafleuhaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
unþafleuhadiz (active dual imperative second-person)
unþafleuhamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
unþafleuhaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
unþafleuhandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
unþafleuhaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
unþafliuhid (active indicative plural second-person)
unþafleuhaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
unþafliuhid (active imperative plural second-person)
unþafleuhandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
unþafleuhaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
unþafleuhandi (active indicative plural third-person)
unþafleuhain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
unþafleuhandau (active imperative plural third-person)
unþafleuhandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
unþafleuhaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
unþaflauh (active first-person indicative singular)
unþaflugį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
unþaflauht (active indicative second-person singular)
unþaflugīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
unþaflauh (active indicative singular third-person)
unþaflugī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
unþaflugū (active dual first-person indicative)
unþaflugīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
unþaflugudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
unþaflugīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
unþaflugum (active first-person indicative plural)
unþaflugīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
unþaflugud (active indicative plural second-person)
unþaflugīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
unþaflugun (active indicative plural third-person)
unþaflugīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
unþafleuhandz (active participle present)
unþafluganaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *unþafleuhan
Old English: ōþflēon
Old Frisian: undfliā, ondfliā, andfliā
Saterland Frisian: undfljoge
West Frisian: ûntflean
Old Saxon: *undfliohan, *andfliohan
Middle Low German: entvlēn, envlēn, untvlēn
→ Danish: undfly
→ Norwegian: unnfly
→ Swedish: undfly
Old Dutch: *antflian
Middle Dutch: ontvlien
Dutch: ontvlieden
Old High German: intfliohan, intfliogan
Middle High German: enpfliehen, enphliehen, entvliehen
German: entfliehen

Gothic: 𐌿𐌽𐌸𐌰𐌸𐌻𐌹𐌿𐌷𐌰𐌽 (unþaþliuhan)

From *unþa- (“away”) + *fleuhaną (“to flee”).


fōstrōną

fōstrō (active first-person indicative singular)
fōstrǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
fōstrōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
fōstrōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
fōstrōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
fōstrō (active imperative second-person singular)
fōstrōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
fōstrōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
fōstrōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
fōstrō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
fōstrōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
fōstrōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
fōstrōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
fōstrōs (active dual first-person indicative)
fōstrōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
fōstrōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
fōstrōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
fōstrōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
fōstrōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
fōstrōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
fōstrōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
fōstrōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
fōstrōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
fōstrōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
fōstrōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
fōstrōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
fōstrōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
fōstrōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
fōstrōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
fōstrōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
fōstrōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
fōstrōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
fōstrōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
fōstrōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
fōstrōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
fōstrōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
fōstrōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
fōstrōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
fōstrōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
fōstrōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
fōstrōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
fōstrōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
fōstrōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
fōstrōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
fōstrōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
fōstrōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
fōstrōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
fōstrōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
fōstrōndz (active participle present)
fōstrōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *fōstrōn
Old English: fōstrian
Middle English: fostren
English: foster
Old Dutch: *fuosteron
Middle Dutch: voesteren
Dutch: voedsteren, voesteren

Old Norse: fóstra

Icelandic: fóstra

Norwegian:

Norwegian Bokmål: fostre

Norwegian Nynorsk: fostre, fostra

Swedish: fostra

Danish: fostre

/ˈɸɔːs.trɔː.nɑ̃/

Derived from *fōstrą (“fostering”) + *-ōną


innōną

innō (active first-person indicative singular)
innǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
innōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
innōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
innōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
innō (active imperative second-person singular)
innōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
innōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
innōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
innō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
innōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
innōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
innōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
innōs (active dual first-person indicative)
innōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
innōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
innōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
innōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
innōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
innōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
innōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
innōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
innōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
innōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
innōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
innōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
innōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
innōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
innōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
innōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
innōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
innōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
innōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
innōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
innōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
innōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
innōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
innōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
innōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
innōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
innōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
innōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
innōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
innōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
innōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
innōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
innōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
innōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
innōndz (active participle present)
innōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *innōn
Old English: innian
Middle English: innen
English: in (obsolete)
Old Frisian: innia
Old Saxon: *innon
Middle Low German: innen
Old Dutch: *innon
Middle Dutch: innen
Dutch: innen
Limburgish: inne
Old High German: innōn
Middle High German: innen
German: innen

Old Norse: inna

Icelandic: inna


framōną

framō (active first-person indicative singular)
framǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
framōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
framōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
framōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
framō (active imperative second-person singular)
framōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
framōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
framōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
framō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
framōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
framōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
framōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
framōs (active dual first-person indicative)
framōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
framōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
framōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
framōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
framōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
framōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
framōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
framōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
framōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
framōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
framōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
framōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
framōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
framōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
framōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
framōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
framōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
framōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
framōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
framōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
framōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
framōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
framōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
framōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
framōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
framōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
framōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
framōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
framōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
framōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
framōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
framōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
framōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
framōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
framōndz (active participle present)
framōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *framōn
Old English: framian
Middle English: framen
English: frame
Old Frisian: framia
Old Saxon: *framōn
Middle Low German: vrāmen
⇒ Old Saxon: giframōn
Old Dutch: *framon
Middle Dutch: vrāmen
Dutch: vramen (obsolete)

Old Norse: frama

From *fram (“forth, forward”) + *-ōną or *framaz (“forward, prominent”) + *-ōną.


raskutjaną

raskutjō (active first-person indicative singular)
raskutjaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
raskutjai (first-person indicative passive singular)
raskutisi (active indicative second-person singular)
raskutjais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
raskuti (active imperative second-person singular)
raskutjasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
raskutjaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
raskutiþi (active indicative singular third-person)
raskutjai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
raskutjaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
raskutjaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
raskutjaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
raskutjōs (active dual first-person indicative)
raskutjaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
raskutjaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
raskutjaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
raskutjaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
raskutjamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
raskutjaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
raskutjanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
raskutjainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
raskutiþ (active indicative plural second-person)
raskutjaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
raskutiþ (active imperative plural second-person)
raskutjanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
raskutjainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
raskutjanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
raskutjain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
raskutjanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
raskutjanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
raskutjainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
raskutidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
raskutidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
raskutidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
raskutidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
raskutidē (active indicative singular third-person)
raskutidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
raskutidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
raskutidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
raskutidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
raskutidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
raskutidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
raskutidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
raskutidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
raskutidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
raskutidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
raskutidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
raskutjandz (active participle present)
raskutidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *raskuttjan

Old English: ræsċettan, ræsċetan
Middle English: resheten, reschten

Old Saxon: raskitōn

Old High German: raskezzen

Old Norse: ræsta

Icelandic: ræsta


kurzōną

kurzō (active first-person indicative singular)
kurzǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
kurzōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
kurzōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
kurzōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
kurzō (active imperative second-person singular)
kurzōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
kurzōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
kurzōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
kurzō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
kurzōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
kurzōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
kurzōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
kurzōs (active dual first-person indicative)
kurzōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
kurzōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
kurzōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
kurzōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
kurzōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
kurzōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
kurzōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
kurzōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
kurzōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
kurzōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
kurzōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
kurzōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
kurzōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
kurzōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
kurzōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
kurzōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
kurzōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
kurzōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
kurzōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
kurzōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
kurzōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
kurzōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
kurzōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
kurzōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
kurzōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
kurzōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
kurzōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
kurzōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
kurzōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
kurzōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
kurzōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
kurzōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
kurzōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
kurzōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
kurzōndz (active participle present)
kurzōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *kurʀōn
Old Saxon: *kurrōn
Middle Low German: kurren, korren
Old Dutch: *corron
Middle Dutch: corren, curren
Dutch: korren
Old High German: *kurrōn
Middle High German: kurren
German: kurren

Old Norse: kurra

Icelandic: korra

Norwegian:

Norwegian Bokmål: kurre

Norwegian Nynorsk: kurre, kurra

Elfdalian: kurra

Swedish: kurra, korra

Danish: kurre

From Pre-Germanic *grs-néh₂-ti an iterative verb closely related to the strong verb *kerzaną.


karzōną

karzō (active first-person indicative singular)
karzǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
karzōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
karzōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
karzōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
karzō (active imperative second-person singular)
karzōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
karzōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
karzōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
karzō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
karzōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
karzōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
karzōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
karzōs (active dual first-person indicative)
karzōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
karzōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
karzōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
karzōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
karzōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
karzōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
karzōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
karzōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
karzōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
karzōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
karzōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
karzōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
karzōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
karzōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
karzōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
karzōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
karzōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
karzōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
karzōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
karzōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
karzōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
karzōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
karzōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
karzōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
karzōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
karzōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
karzōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
karzōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
karzōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
karzōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
karzōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
karzōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
karzōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
karzōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
karzōndz (active participle present)
karzōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *karʀōn
Old Saxon: karrōn
Middle Low German: karren
Old Dutch: *carron
Middle Dutch: carren, kerren (likely merged with the descendant of *kerzaną)
Dutch: karren, kerren
Old High German: karrōn
Middle High German: karren

Old Norse: *karra

Icelandic: karra

An o-grade formation closely related to to the strong verb *kerzaną and iterative verb *kurzōną.


sneganą

snegō (active first-person indicative singular)
snegaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
snegai (first-person indicative passive singular)
snigizi (active indicative second-person singular)
snegaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
sneg (active imperative second-person singular)
snegazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
snegaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
snigidi (active indicative singular third-person)
snegai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
snegadau (active imperative singular third-person)
snegadai (indicative passive singular third-person)
snegaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
snegōz (active dual first-person indicative)
snegaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
snegadiz (active dual indicative second-person)
snegaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
snegadiz (active dual imperative second-person)
snegamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
snegaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
snegandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
snegaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
snigid (active indicative plural second-person)
snegaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
snigid (active imperative plural second-person)
snegandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
snegaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
snegandi (active indicative plural third-person)
snegain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
snegandau (active imperative plural third-person)
snegandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
snegaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
snag (active first-person indicative singular)
snēgį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
snaht (active indicative second-person singular)
snēgīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
snag (active indicative singular third-person)
snēgī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
snēgū (active dual first-person indicative)
snēgīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
snēgudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
snēgīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
snēgum (active first-person indicative plural)
snēgīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
snēgud (active indicative plural second-person)
snēgīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
snēgun (active indicative plural third-person)
snēgīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
snegandz (active participle present)
sneganaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Unknown; often cited as being related to Sanskrit नाग (nāgá, “snake”), however the Sanskrit requires Proto-Indo-European *(s)neg-, whilst the Germanic demands aspirated *snegʰ-. A connection to *snīkaną (“to crawl, creep”), is very tempting but difficult to reconcile morphologically.

snagōn

*snakkōną, *snagōną; Proto-West Germanic


skimpijaną

skimpijō (active first-person indicative singular)
skimpijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
skimpijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
skimpīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
skimpijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
skimpī (active imperative second-person singular)
skimpijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
skimpijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
skimpīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
skimpijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
skimpijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
skimpijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
skimpijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
skimpijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
skimpijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
skimpijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
skimpijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
skimpijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
skimpijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
skimpijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
skimpijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
skimpijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
skimpīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
skimpijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
skimpīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
skimpijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
skimpijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
skimpijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
skimpijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
skimpijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
skimpijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
skimpijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
skimpidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
skimpidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
skimpidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
skimpidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
skimpidē (active indicative singular third-person)
skimpidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
skimpidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
skimpidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
skimpidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
skimpidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
skimpidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
skimpidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
skimpidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
skimpidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
skimpidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
skimpidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
skimpijandz (active participle present)
skimpidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *skimpijan
Old Frisian: *skimpa
Saterland Frisian: skimpe, schimpe
West Frisian: skimpe, skimpje
Old Saxon: *skimpian
Middle Low German: schimpen
German Low German: schimpen
→ Swedish: skimpa
Old Dutch: *skimpen
Middle Dutch: schimpen
Dutch: schimpen
Afrikaans: skimp
Old High German: skimpfen
Middle High German: schimpfen
German: schimpfen

Old Norse: *skimpa

Icelandic: skimpa

Swedish: skimpa (dialectal)

→ Middle English: *skimpen

English: skimp (dialectal)

Scots: skimp

From Proto-Indo-European *(s)ḱh₂emb- (“to arch, bend, curve”), which appears to be an s-mobile b-extension variant of *kh₂em- (“to bend, curve”).


sagōną

sagō (active first-person indicative singular)
sagǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
sagōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
sagōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
sagōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
sagō (active imperative second-person singular)
sagōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
sagōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
sagōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
sagō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
sagōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
sagōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
sagōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
sagōs (active dual first-person indicative)
sagōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
sagōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
sagōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
sagōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
sagōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
sagōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
sagōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
sagōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
sagōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
sagōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
sagōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
sagōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
sagōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
sagōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
sagōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
sagōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
sagōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
sagōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
sagōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
sagōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
sagōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
sagōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
sagōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
sagōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
sagōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
sagōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
sagōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
sagōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
sagōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
sagōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
sagōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
sagōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
sagōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
sagōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
sagōndz (active participle present)
sagōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *sagōn
Old English: *sagian
Middle English: sagen, sawen
English: saw
Scots: saw
Old Frisian: sagia (implied by holtsagia)
Saterland Frisian: soagje
West Frisian: saagje, seagje, seegje
Old Saxon: *sagōn
Middle Low German: sāgen
German Low German: sagen
Old Dutch: *sagon
Middle Dutch: sāgen
Dutch: zagen
Old High German: sagōn
Middle High German: sagen
German: sägen (likely merged with the descendant of *segōn)

Old Norse: saga

Icelandic: saga

Norwegian:

Norwegian Bokmål: sage

Norwegian Nynorsk: sage, saga

Swedish: saga

Danish: save