gurrōną

gurrō (active first-person indicative singular)
gurrǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
gurrōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
gurrōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
gurrōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
gurrō (active imperative second-person singular)
gurrōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
gurrōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
gurrōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
gurrō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
gurrōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
gurrōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
gurrōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
gurrōs (active dual first-person indicative)
gurrōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
gurrōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
gurrōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
gurrōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
gurrōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
gurrōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
gurrōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
gurrōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
gurrōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
gurrōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
gurrōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
gurrōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
gurrōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
gurrōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
gurrōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
gurrōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
gurrōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
gurrōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
gurrōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
gurrōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
gurrōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
gurrōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
gurrōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
gurrōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
gurrōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
gurrōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
gurrōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
gurrōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
gurrōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
gurrōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
gurrōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
gurrōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
gurrōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
gurrōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
gurrōndz (active participle present)
gurrōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *gurrōn

Old Saxon: *gurrōn

Middle Low German: *gurren

German Low German: gurren

Old Dutch: *gurron

Middle Dutch: gorren

Dutch: gorren (obsolete)

Afrikaans: gor

Old High German: *gurrōn

Middle High German: gurren

German: gurren

From Proto-Indo-European *gʰer- (“to make a noise, rattle, gurgle, grumble”).


garrijaną

garrijō (active first-person indicative singular)
garrijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
garrijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
garrīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
garrijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
garrī (active imperative second-person singular)
garrijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
garrijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
garrīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
garrijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
garrijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
garrijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
garrijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
garrijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
garrijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
garrijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
garrijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
garrijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
garrijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
garrijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
garrijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
garrijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
garrīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
garrijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
garrīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
garrijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
garrijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
garrijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
garrijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
garrijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
garrijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
garrijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
garridǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
garridēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
garridēz (active indicative second-person singular)
garridēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
garridē (active indicative singular third-person)
garridēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
garridēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
garridēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
garridēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
garridēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
garridēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
garridēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
garridēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
garridēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
garridēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
garridēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
garrijandz (active participle present)
garridaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *garrijan

desctree

Old English: ġyrran, ġirran, *ġierran
Middle English: ȝurren, ȝerren, ȝarren, yerren, yarren (merged with descendant of ġeorran)
English: yar
Scots: ȝarr, yirr, yerr, yarr

⇒ Old English: ġyrrettan

Old Saxon: *gerrian

Middle Low German: gerren

Old Dutch: *gerren

Middle Dutch: gerren

Dutch: gerren, gerriën (dialectal)

Old High German: *gerren

Middle High German: *gerren

>? German: girren


garrōną

garrō (active first-person indicative singular)
garrǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
garrōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
garrōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
garrōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
garrō (active imperative second-person singular)
garrōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
garrōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
garrōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
garrō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
garrōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
garrōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
garrōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
garrōs (active dual first-person indicative)
garrōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
garrōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
garrōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
garrōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
garrōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
garrōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
garrōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
garrōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
garrōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
garrōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
garrōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
garrōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
garrōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
garrōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
garrōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
garrōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
garrōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
garrōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
garrōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
garrōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
garrōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
garrōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
garrōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
garrōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
garrōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
garrōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
garrōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
garrōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
garrōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
garrōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
garrōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
garrōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
garrōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
garrōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
garrōndz (active participle present)
garrōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *garrōn

Old Saxon: *garrōn

Middle Low German: garren

→ English: garre (obsolete)

Old Dutch: *garron

Middle Dutch: garren

Old High German: *garrōn

Middle High German: garren


gelpōną

gelpō (active first-person indicative singular)
gelpǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
gelpōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
gelpōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
gelpōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
gelpō (active imperative second-person singular)
gelpōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
gelpōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
gelpōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
gelpō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
gelpōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
gelpōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
gelpōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
gelpōs (active dual first-person indicative)
gelpōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
gelpōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
gelpōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
gelpōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
gelpōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
gelpōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
gelpōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
gelpōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
gelpōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
gelpōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
gelpōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
gelpōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
gelpōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
gelpōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
gelpōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
gelpōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
gelpōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
gelpōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
gelpōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
gelpōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
gelpōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
gelpōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
gelpōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
gelpōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
gelpōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
gelpōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
gelpōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
gelpōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
gelpōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
gelpōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
gelpōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
gelpōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
gelpōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
gelpōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
gelpōndz (active participle present)
gelpōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *gelpōn
Old High German: gelpfōn
→? Middle Low German: gelven

Old Norse: gjalpa

Icelandic: gjalpa


gumāną

gumō (active first-person indicative singular)
gumaisi (active indicative second-person singular)
gumai (active imperative second-person singular)
gumāsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
gumaiþi (active indicative singular third-person)
gumāþau (active imperative singular third-person)
gumāþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
gumōs (active dual first-person indicative)
gumāþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
gumāþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
gumāmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
gumānþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
gumaiþ (active indicative plural second-person)
gumaiþ (active imperative plural second-person)
gumānþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
gumānþi (active indicative plural third-person)
gumānþau (active imperative plural third-person)
gumānþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
gumadǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
gumadēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
gumadēz (active indicative second-person singular)
gumadēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
gumadē (active indicative singular third-person)
gumadēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
gumadēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
gumadēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
gumadēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
gumadēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
gumadēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
gumadēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
gumadēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
gumadēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
gumadēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
gumadēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
gumāndz (active participle present)
gumadaz (active participle past subjunctive)

⇒ Proto-West Germanic: *fragumēn

Old English: forgumian

Old Saxon: fargumōn

⇒ Proto-West Germanic: *ubargumēn

Old English: ofergumian

Old Norse: guma

Icelandic: guma

Kroonen assumes this is a stative verb created to an unattested adjective *gaumaz (“attentive”), whence also *gaumaz (“heed, attention”).
The zero-grade of the verb would be a secondary development.


stadigōną

stadigō (active first-person indicative singular)
stadigǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
stadigōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
stadigōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
stadigōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
stadigō (active imperative second-person singular)
stadigōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
stadigōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
stadigōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
stadigō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
stadigōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
stadigōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
stadigōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
stadigōs (active dual first-person indicative)
stadigōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
stadigōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
stadigōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
stadigōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
stadigōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
stadigōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
stadigōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
stadigōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
stadigōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
stadigōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
stadigōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
stadigōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
stadigōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
stadigōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
stadigōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
stadigōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
stadigōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
stadigōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
stadigōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
stadigōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
stadigōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
stadigōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
stadigōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
stadigōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
stadigōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
stadigōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
stadigōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
stadigōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
stadigōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
stadigōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
stadigōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
stadigōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
stadigōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
stadigōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
stadigōndz (active participle present)
stadigōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)
*stadagōną (alternative)
*stadugōną (alternative)

Proto-West Germanic: *stadigōn
Old English: stediġian
Old Frisian: *stedigia
⇒ Old Frisian: bistedigia
>? Old Saxon: *stadigōn, stedigōn (could be a descendant from *stādigōn instead)
Middle Low German: stādigen, stēdigen
>? Old Dutch: *stadigon, *stedigon (could be a descendant from *stādigōn instead)
Middle Dutch: stādigen, stēdigen
Dutch: stadigen, stedigen (obsolete)

Old Norse: *staðga, *steðga

Faroese: steðga

Old Swedish: staþga

Swedish: stadga


balwōną

balwō (active first-person indicative singular)
balwǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
balwōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
balwōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
balwōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
balwō (active imperative second-person singular)
balwōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
balwōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
balwōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
balwō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
balwōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
balwōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
balwōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
balwōs (active dual first-person indicative)
balwōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
balwōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
balwōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
balwōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
balwōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
balwōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
balwōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
balwōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
balwōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
balwōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
balwōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
balwōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
balwōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
balwōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
balwōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
balwōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
balwōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
balwōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
balwōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
balwōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
balwōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
balwōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
balwōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
balwōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
balwōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
balwōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
balwōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
balwōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
balwōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
balwōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
balwōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
balwōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
balwōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
balwōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
balwōndz (active participle present)
balwōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *balwōn
>? Old Frisian: *balia
⇒ Old Frisian: forbalia
⇒ Old Frisian: urbalia
Old Saxon: *baluwōn
Middle Low German: *balwen
⇒ Middle Low German: vörbalwen, vorbalwen, vorballewen
Old Dutch: *baluwon
Middle Dutch: baluwen, baellewen
Old High German: *balawōn
⇒ Old High German: gibalawōn
→? Vulgar Latin: *balvō, *malvō (assimilated to Latin malus)
Galician: malvar
Old Spanish: malvar

Old Norse: bǫlva
Icelandic: bölva

Either derived from *balwą (“evil, misfortune”) + *-ōną or *balwaz (“evil, bad”) + *-ōną.


hlanþōną

hlanþō (active first-person indicative singular)
hlanþǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
hlanþōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
hlanþōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
hlanþōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
hlanþō (active imperative second-person singular)
hlanþōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
hlanþōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
hlanþōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
hlanþō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
hlanþōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
hlanþōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
hlanþōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
hlanþōs (active dual first-person indicative)
hlanþōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
hlanþōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
hlanþōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
hlanþōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
hlanþōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
hlanþōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
hlanþōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
hlanþōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
hlanþōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
hlanþōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
hlanþōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
hlanþōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
hlanþōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
hlanþōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
hlanþōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
hlanþōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
hlanþōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
hlanþōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
hlanþōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
hlanþōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
hlanþōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
hlanþōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
hlanþōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
hlanþōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
hlanþōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
hlanþōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
hlanþōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
hlanþōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
hlanþōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
hlanþōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
hlanþōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
hlanþōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
hlanþōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
hlanþōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
hlanþōndz (active participle present)
hlanþōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *hlanþōn
Old English: hlōþian

Old Norse: hlanna

Derived from *hlanþō (“loot, booty”) + *-ōną.


niþerōną

niþerō (active first-person indicative singular)
niþerǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
niþerōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
niþerōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
niþerōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
niþerō (active imperative second-person singular)
niþerōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
niþerōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
niþerōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
niþerō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
niþerōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
niþerōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
niþerōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
niþerōs (active dual first-person indicative)
niþerōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
niþerōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
niþerōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
niþerōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
niþerōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
niþerōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
niþerōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
niþerōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
niþerōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
niþerōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
niþerōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
niþerōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
niþerōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
niþerōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
niþerōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
niþerōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
niþerōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
niþerōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
niþerōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
niþerōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
niþerōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
niþerōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
niþerōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
niþerōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
niþerōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
niþerōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
niþerōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
niþerōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
niþerōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
niþerōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
niþerōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
niþerōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
niþerōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
niþerōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
niþerōndz (active participle present)
niþerōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *niþarōn
Old English: niþerian, neþerian, nyþerian
Middle English: netheren
English: nether, nither (dialectal)
Old Saxon: nitherōn
Middle Low German: nēderen, nedderen
Old Dutch: *nitheron
Middle Dutch: nēderen
Dutch: nederen (obsolete)

Old Norse: niðra

Icelandic: niðra

⇒ Swedish: förnedra


jeukāną

jeukō (active first-person indicative singular)
jeukaisi (active indicative second-person singular)
jeukai (active imperative second-person singular)
jeukāsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
jeukaiþi (active indicative singular third-person)
jeukāþau (active imperative singular third-person)
jeukāþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
jeukōs (active dual first-person indicative)
jeukāþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
jeukāþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
jeukāmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
jeukānþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
jeukaiþ (active indicative plural second-person)
jeukaiþ (active imperative plural second-person)
jeukānþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
jeukānþi (active indicative plural third-person)
jeukānþau (active imperative plural third-person)
jeukānþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
jeukadǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
jeukadēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
jeukadēz (active indicative second-person singular)
jeukadēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
jeukadē (active indicative singular third-person)
jeukadēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
jeukadēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
jeukadēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
jeukadēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
jeukadēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
jeukadēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
jeukadēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
jeukadēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
jeukadēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
jeukadēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
jeukadēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
jeukāndz (active participle present)
jeukadaz (active participle past subjunctive)

⇒ Proto-West Germanic: *jeukr

Old English: ġēocor

Gothic: 𐌾𐌹𐌿𐌺𐌰𐌽 (jiukan)

Likely from *yewǵ- (“to excite”). Possibly related to Proto-West Germanic *jukkjan. Middle High German jouchen (“to chase”) is likely related but seems to show a different ablaut grade.


sturnāną

sturnō (active first-person indicative singular)
sturnaisi (active indicative second-person singular)
sturnai (active imperative second-person singular)
sturnāsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
sturnaiþi (active indicative singular third-person)
sturnāþau (active imperative singular third-person)
sturnāþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
sturnōs (active dual first-person indicative)
sturnāþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
sturnāþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
sturnāmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
sturnānþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
sturnaiþ (active indicative plural second-person)
sturnaiþ (active imperative plural second-person)
sturnānþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
sturnānþi (active indicative plural third-person)
sturnānþau (active imperative plural third-person)
sturnānþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
sturnadǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
sturnadēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
sturnadēz (active indicative second-person singular)
sturnadēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
sturnadē (active indicative singular third-person)
sturnadēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
sturnadēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
sturnadēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
sturnadēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
sturnadēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
sturnadēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
sturnadēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
sturnadēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
sturnadēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
sturnadēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
sturnadēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
sturnāndz (active participle present)
sturnadaz (active participle past subjunctive)
sturrō (active first-person indicative singular)
sturraisi (active indicative second-person singular)
sturrai (active imperative second-person singular)
sturrāsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
sturraiþi (active indicative singular third-person)
sturrāþau (active imperative singular third-person)
sturrāþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
sturrōs (active dual first-person indicative)
sturrāþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
sturrāþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
sturrāmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
sturrānþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
sturraiþ (active indicative plural second-person)
sturraiþ (active imperative plural second-person)
sturrānþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
sturrānþi (active indicative plural third-person)
sturrānþau (active imperative plural third-person)
sturrānþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
sturradǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
sturradēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
sturradēz (active indicative second-person singular)
sturradēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
sturradē (active indicative singular third-person)
sturradēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
sturradēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
sturradēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
sturradēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
sturradēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
sturradēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
sturradēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
sturradēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
sturradēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
sturradēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
sturradēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
sturrāndz (active participle present)
sturradaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *storrēn, *stornēn

Old High German: storrēn, stornēn

Middle High German: storren

Gothic: *𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍂𐌰𐌽 (*staurran)

⇒ Gothic: 𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍂𐌰𐌽 (andstaurran)

Kroonen suggests that this verb could be nasal infix present to Proto-Indo-European *sterh₁- (“to be stiff”).
The infix caused a consonant alternation in the root, the singular *str-néh₁-ti would result in a root with *sturr-.
Whereas the plural *str-nh₁-énti would result in a root with *sturn-.


grōnāną

grōnō (active first-person indicative singular)
grōnaisi (active indicative second-person singular)
grōnai (active imperative second-person singular)
grōnāsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
grōnaiþi (active indicative singular third-person)
grōnāþau (active imperative singular third-person)
grōnāþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
grōnōs (active dual first-person indicative)
grōnāþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
grōnāþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
grōnāmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
grōnānþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
grōnaiþ (active indicative plural second-person)
grōnaiþ (active imperative plural second-person)
grōnānþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
grōnānþi (active indicative plural third-person)
grōnānþau (active imperative plural third-person)
grōnānþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
grōnadǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
grōnadēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
grōnadēz (active indicative second-person singular)
grōnadēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
grōnadē (active indicative singular third-person)
grōnadēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
grōnadēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
grōnadēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
grōnadēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
grōnadēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
grōnadēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
grōnadēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
grōnadēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
grōnadēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
grōnadēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
grōnadēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
grōnāndz (active participle present)
grōnadaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *grōnēn
Old English: grēnian
Middle English: grenen
English: green
Old Frisian: *grēnia
West Frisian: grienje
Saterland Frisian: gräinje
Old Saxon: *grōnōn
Middle Low German: grônen
Old Dutch: gruonon
Middle Dutch: groenen
Dutch: groenen
Old High German: gruonēn
Middle High German: gruonen
German: grünen

Old Norse: gróna

Icelandic: gróna

/ˈɣrɔː.nɑː.nɑ̃/


drunkanāną

drunkanō (active first-person indicative singular)
drunkanaisi (active indicative second-person singular)
drunkanai (active imperative second-person singular)
drunkanāsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
drunkanaiþi (active indicative singular third-person)
drunkanāþau (active imperative singular third-person)
drunkanāþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
drunkanōs (active dual first-person indicative)
drunkanāþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
drunkanāþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
drunkanāmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
drunkanānþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
drunkanaiþ (active indicative plural second-person)
drunkanaiþ (active imperative plural second-person)
drunkanānþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
drunkanānþi (active indicative plural third-person)
drunkanānþau (active imperative plural third-person)
drunkanānþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
drunkanadǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
drunkanadēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
drunkanadēz (active indicative second-person singular)
drunkanadēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
drunkanadē (active indicative singular third-person)
drunkanadēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
drunkanadēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
drunkanadēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
drunkanadēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
drunkanadēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
drunkanadēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
drunkanadēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
drunkanadēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
drunkanadēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
drunkanadēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
drunkanadēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
drunkanāndz (active participle present)
drunkanadaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *drunkanēn
Old English: druncnian
Middle English: dronknen, drunknen, drunkenen
English: drunken (verb)
Old High German: trunkanēn, trunkanōn

Old Norse: drukna, drukkna
Icelandic: drukkna
Norwegian Nynorsk: drukna
Danish: drukne
Norwegian Bokmål: drukne


gadurzaną

gadars (active first-person indicative singular)
gadurzį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
gadarst (active indicative second-person singular)
gadurzīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
gadars (active indicative singular third-person)
gadurzī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
gadurzū (active dual first-person indicative)
gadurzīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
gadurzudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
gadurzīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
gadurzum (active first-person indicative plural)
gadurzīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
gadurzud (active indicative plural second-person)
gadurzīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
gadurzun (active indicative plural third-person)
gadurzīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
gadurstǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
gadurstēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
gadurstēz (active indicative second-person singular)
gadurstēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
gadurstē (active indicative singular third-person)
gadurstēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
gadurstēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
gadurstēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
gadurstēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
gadurstēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
gadurstēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
gadurstēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
gadurstēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
gadurstēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
gadurstēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
gadurstēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
gadurzandz (active participle present)
gadurstaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *gadurʀan
Old Saxon: gidurran
Middle Low German: gedoren, gedören, gedörren
Old Dutch: *gidurran
Middle Dutch: gedoren, gedören, gedörren
Dutch: gedoren, gedören, gedörren
Old High German: giturran
Middle High German: geturren, getürren, gitürren

Gothic: 𐌲𐌰𐌳𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍃𐌰𐌽 (gadaursan)


ganāną

ganō (active first-person indicative singular)
ganaisi (active indicative second-person singular)
ganai (active imperative second-person singular)
ganāsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
ganaiþi (active indicative singular third-person)
ganāþau (active imperative singular third-person)
ganāþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
ganōs (active dual first-person indicative)
ganāþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
ganāþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
ganāmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
ganānþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
ganaiþ (active indicative plural second-person)
ganaiþ (active imperative plural second-person)
ganānþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
ganānþi (active indicative plural third-person)
ganānþau (active imperative plural third-person)
ganānþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
ganadǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
ganadēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
ganadēz (active indicative second-person singular)
ganadēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
ganadē (active indicative singular third-person)
ganadēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
ganadēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
ganadēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
ganadēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
ganadēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
ganadēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
ganadēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
ganadēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
ganadēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
ganadēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
ganadēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
ganāndz (active participle present)
ganadaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *ganēn

Old Frisian: *jania

North Frisian: jåne

Saterland Frisian: jaanje, joanje

Old Saxon: *ganōn

Middle Low German: jānen

German Low German: jahnen

Old Norse: gana

>? Gothic: *𐌲𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌽 (*ganan)

→ Latin: gano
Aragonese: ganar
Old Leonese: [Term?], ganar
Asturian: ganar
Leonese: ganare
Old Galician-Portuguese: gãar, guaanhar, gaanhar, gaar
Galician: gañar
Portuguese: ganhar
Old Spanish: ganar
Ladino: ganar
Spanish: ganar

/ˈɣɑ.nɑː.nɑ̃/

According to Kroonen this stative verb is backformed from an original nasal-present Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰh₂-néh₂-, which is derived from the root *ǵʰeh₂- and suffix *-néh₂-.
Alternatively it could be derived from the noun *ganaz (“yawn”) + *-āną.


þerkōną

þerkō (active first-person indicative singular)
þerkǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
þerkōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
þerkōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
þerkōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
þerkō (active imperative second-person singular)
þerkōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
þerkōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
þerkōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
þerkō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
þerkōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
þerkōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
þerkōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
þerkōs (active dual first-person indicative)
þerkōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
þerkōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
þerkōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
þerkōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
þerkōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
þerkōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
þerkōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
þerkōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
þerkōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
þerkōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
þerkōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
þerkōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
þerkōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
þerkōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
þerkōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
þerkōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
þerkōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
þerkōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
þerkōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
þerkōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
þerkōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
þerkōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
þerkōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
þerkōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
þerkōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
þerkōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
þerkōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
þerkōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
þerkōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
þerkōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
þerkōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
þerkōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
þerkōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
þerkōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
þerkōndz (active participle present)
þerkōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *þerkōn

Old English: *þercian

⇒ Old English: āþercian

⇒ Old English: eftþercian

Old Norse: þjarka

Icelandic: þjarka

/ˈθɛr.kɔː.nɑ̃/

Related to Sanskrit तर्जति (tarjati, “to threaten”) and Ancient Greek ταρβέω (tarbéō, “to be afraid”).


writtōną

writtō (active first-person indicative singular)
writtǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
writtōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
writtōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
writtōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
writtō (active imperative second-person singular)
writtōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
writtōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
writtōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
writtō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
writtōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
writtōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
writtōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
writtōs (active dual first-person indicative)
writtōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
writtōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
writtōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
writtōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
writtōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
writtōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
writtōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
writtōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
writtōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
writtōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
writtōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
writtōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
writtōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
writtōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
writtōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
writtōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
writtōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
writtōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
writtōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
writtōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
writtōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
writtōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
writtōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
writtōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
writtōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
writtōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
writtōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
writtōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
writtōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
writtōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
writtōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
writtōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
writtōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
writtōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
writtōndz (active participle present)
writtōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *writtōn, *writōn

Old English: writian

Old Saxon: *writtōn

Middle Low German: written

Old High German: rizzōn, rezzōn

Middle High German: ritzen

German: ritzen

→ Middle Dutch: ritsen

Dutch: ritsen

→ West Frisian: ritse, ritsje

Old Norse: rita

Faroese: rita

An iterative verb to the strong verb *wrītaną (“to write”), from Proto-Indo-European *wrid-néh₂-ti.


halsōną

halsō (active first-person indicative singular)
halsǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
halsōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
halsōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
halsōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
halsō (active imperative second-person singular)
halsōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
halsōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
halsōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
halsō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
halsōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
halsōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
halsōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
halsōs (active dual first-person indicative)
halsōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
halsōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
halsōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
halsōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
halsōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
halsōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
halsōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
halsōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
halsōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
halsōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
halsōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
halsōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
halsōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
halsōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
halsōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
halsōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
halsōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
halsōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
halsōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
halsōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
halsōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
halsōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
halsōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
halsōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
halsōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
halsōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
halsōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
halsōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
halsōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
halsōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
halsōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
halsōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
halsōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
halsōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
halsōndz (active participle present)
halsōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *halsōn
Old English: *healsian
Middle English: halsen, hals, halse, hallesyn
English: halse
Middle Scots: hals, halse
Scots: hause
Old Saxon: *halsōn
Middle Low German: halsen
Old Dutch: *halson
Middle Dutch: halsen
Dutch: halzen
Old High German: halsōn
Middle High German: halsen

Old Norse: halsa

Icelandic: hálsa

Swedish: halsa


þekwōną

þekwō (active first-person indicative singular)
þekwǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
þekwōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
þekwōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
þekwōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
þekwō (active imperative second-person singular)
þekwōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
þekwōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
þekwōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
þekwō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
þekwōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
þekwōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
þekwōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
þekwōs (active dual first-person indicative)
þekwōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
þekwōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
þekwōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
þekwōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
þekwōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
þekwōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
þekwōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
þekwōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
þekwōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
þekwōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
þekwōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
þekwōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
þekwōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
þekwōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
þekwōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
þekwōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
þekwōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
þekwōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
þekwōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
þekwōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
þekwōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
þekwōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
þekwōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
þekwōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
þekwōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
þekwōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
þekwōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
þekwōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
þekwōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
þekwōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
þekwōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
þekwōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
þekwōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
þekwōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
þekwōndz (active participle present)
þekwōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *þikkwōn
Old English: þiccian
Middle English: thikken, thykken, þikken, þicken, thicke
English: thick (archaic)
Scots: thik
Old Saxon: *thikkōn
Middle Low German: dikken
Old Dutch: *thiccon
Middle Dutch: dicken
Dutch: dikken
Old High German: dikkōn
Middle High German: dikken

Old Norse: þjokkva, þykkva, þykkja

Icelandic: þykkja


þawanōną

þawanō (active first-person indicative singular)
þawanǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
þawanōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
þawanōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
þawanōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
þawanō (active imperative second-person singular)
þawanōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
þawanōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
þawanōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
þawanō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
þawanōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
þawanōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
þawanōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
þawanōs (active dual first-person indicative)
þawanōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
þawanōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
þawanōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
þawanōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
þawanōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
þawanōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
þawanōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
þawanōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
þawanōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
þawanōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
þawanōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
þawanōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
þawanōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
þawanōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
þawanōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
þawanōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
þawanōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
þawanōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
þawanōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
þawanōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
þawanōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
þawanōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
þawanōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
þawanōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
þawanōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
þawanōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
þawanōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
þawanōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
þawanōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
þawanōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
þawanōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
þawanōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
þawanōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
þawanōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
þawanōndz (active participle present)
þawanōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *þawanōn

Old English: þānian, þwǣnan, þāwenian

Old Norse: þána

Icelandic: þána

Faroese: tána

/ˈθɑu̯.ɑ.nɔː.nɑ̃/


stundōną

stundō (active first-person indicative singular)
stundǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
stundōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
stundōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
stundōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
stundō (active imperative second-person singular)
stundōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
stundōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
stundōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
stundō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
stundōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
stundōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
stundōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
stundōs (active dual first-person indicative)
stundōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
stundōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
stundōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
stundōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
stundōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
stundōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
stundōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
stundōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
stundōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
stundōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
stundōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
stundōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
stundōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
stundōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
stundōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
stundōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
stundōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
stundōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
stundōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
stundōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
stundōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
stundōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
stundōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
stundōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
stundōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
stundōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
stundōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
stundōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
stundōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
stundōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
stundōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
stundōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
stundōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
stundōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
stundōndz (active participle present)
stundōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *stundōn
Old English: *stundian
Middle English: stounden, stunden
English: stound
⇒ Old English: āstundian
Old Saxon: *stundōn
Middle Low German: stunden
Old High German: *stundōn
Middle High German: stunden
German: stunden

Old Norse: stunda

Faroese: stunda

Icelandic: stunda

Norwegian:

Norwegian Bokmål: stunde

Norwegian Nynorsk: stunde, stunda

Swedish: stunda

Danish: stunde


dabanōną

dabanō (active first-person indicative singular)
dabanǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
dabanōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
dabanōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
dabanōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
dabanō (active imperative second-person singular)
dabanōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
dabanōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
dabanōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
dabanō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
dabanōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
dabanōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
dabanōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
dabanōs (active dual first-person indicative)
dabanōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
dabanōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
dabanōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
dabanōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
dabanōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
dabanōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
dabanōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
dabanōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
dabanōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
dabanōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
dabanōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
dabanōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
dabanōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
dabanōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
dabanōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
dabanōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
dabanōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
dabanōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
dabanōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
dabanōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
dabanōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
dabanōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
dabanōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
dabanōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
dabanōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
dabanōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
dabanōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
dabanōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
dabanōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
dabanōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
dabanōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
dabanōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
dabanōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
dabanōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
dabanōndz (active participle present)
dabanōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *dabanōn

Old English: dafenian, dafnian

Old Norse: dafna

Icelandic: dafna

/ˈdɑ.βɑ.nɑː.nɑ̃/

From *dabanaz (“past participle of *dabaną”) + *-ōną.


skattōną

skattō (active first-person indicative singular)
skattǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
skattōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
skattōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
skattōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
skattō (active imperative second-person singular)
skattōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
skattōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
skattōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
skattō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
skattōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
skattōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
skattōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
skattōs (active dual first-person indicative)
skattōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
skattōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
skattōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
skattōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
skattōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
skattōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
skattōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
skattōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
skattōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
skattōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
skattōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
skattōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
skattōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
skattōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
skattōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
skattōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
skattōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
skattōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
skattōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
skattōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
skattōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
skattōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
skattōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
skattōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
skattōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
skattōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
skattōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
skattōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
skattōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
skattōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
skattōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
skattōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
skattōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
skattōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
skattōndz (active participle present)
skattōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *skattōn, *skattēn (given the single attestation of a class 3 weak verb in OHG), *skattijan (uncertain; possibly suggested by some descendants)
Old Frisian: *skattia (attested in brandskattia); *sketta
West Frisian: skatte (with an unetymological class 1 inflection)
Saterland Frisian: skatsje (possibly a new formation derived from Skats); skätte
⇒ Old Frisian: skattinge, skettinge
Old Saxon: *skattōn; *skattian
Middle Low German: schatten; *schetten (in brandschetten, twēschetten, etc.)
German Low German: schatten
Old Dutch: *skatton; *skatten
Middle Dutch: scatten, schatten; scetten
Dutch: schatten
Old High German: skazzōn; skazzēn
Middle High German: schatzen; schetzen
German: (archaic) schatzen; schätzen
→ Middle Low German: schetzen

Old Norse: skatta

Icelandic: skatta

Norwegian:

Norwegian Bokmål: skatte

Norwegian Nynorsk: skatte, skatta

Swedish: skatta

Danish: skatte

From *skattaz (“treasure, wealth”) + *-ōną.


spuþþōną

spuþþō (active first-person indicative singular)
spuþþǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
spuþþōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
spuþþōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
spuþþōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
spuþþō (active imperative second-person singular)
spuþþōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
spuþþōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
spuþþōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
spuþþō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
spuþþōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
spuþþōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
spuþþōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
spuþþōs (active dual first-person indicative)
spuþþōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
spuþþōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
spuþþōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
spuþþōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
spuþþōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
spuþþōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
spuþþōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
spuþþōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
spuþþōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
spuþþōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
spuþþōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
spuþþōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
spuþþōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
spuþþōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
spuþþōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
spuþþōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
spuþþōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
spuþþōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
spuþþōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
spuþþōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
spuþþōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
spuþþōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
spuþþōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
spuþþōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
spuþþōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
spuþþōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
spuþþōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
spuþþōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
spuþþōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
spuþþōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
spuþþōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
spuþþōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
spuþþōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
spuþþōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
spuþþōndz (active participle present)
spuþþōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *spoþþōn, *spottōn
Old Frisian: spottia
West Frisian: spotte (with an unetymological class 1 inflection)
Old Saxon: *spottōn
Middle Low German: spotten
Old Dutch: *spotton
Middle Dutch: spotten
Dutch: spotten
Old High German: spottōn
Middle High German: spotten
German: spotten

Old Norse: spotta

Icelandic: spotta

Norwegian:

Norwegian Bokmål: spotte

Norwegian Nynorsk: spotte, spotta

Swedish: spotta

Danish: spotte

From *spuþþą, *spuþþaz (“mockery”) + *-ōną.


haglōną

haglō (active first-person indicative singular)
haglǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
haglōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
haglōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
haglōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
haglō (active imperative second-person singular)
haglōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
haglōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
haglōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
haglō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
haglōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
haglōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
haglōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
haglōs (active dual first-person indicative)
haglōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
haglōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
haglōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
haglōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
haglōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
haglōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
haglōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
haglōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
haglōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
haglōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
haglōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
haglōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
haglōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
haglōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
haglōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
haglōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
haglōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
haglōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
haglōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
haglōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
haglōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
haglōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
haglōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
haglōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
haglōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
haglōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
haglōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
haglōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
haglōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
haglōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
haglōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
haglōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
haglōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
haglōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
haglōndz (active participle present)
haglōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *haglōn
Old English: hagalian
Middle English: hailen
English: hail
Old Frisian: *heilia
Saterland Frisian: hailje
West Frisian: heilje
Old Saxon: *hagalōn
Middle Low German: hagelen
German Low German: hageln
Old Dutch: *hagalon
Middle Dutch: hagelen
Dutch: hagelen
→ West Frisian: hagelje
Old High German: *hagalōn
Middle High German: hagelen
German: hageln

Old Norse: *hagla, hegla

Icelandic: hagla

Faroese: hegla

Norwegian Bokmål: hagle

Norwegian Nynorsk: hagle, hagla

Swedish: hagla

Danish: hagle

/ˈxɑɣ.lɔː.nɑ̃/


hafnaną

hafnō (active first-person indicative singular)
hafnaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
hafnōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
hafnais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
hafnō (active imperative second-person singular)
hafnōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
hafnai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
hafnōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
hafnōs (active dual first-person indicative)
hafnaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
hafnaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
hafnaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
hafnaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
hafnamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
hafnaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
hafnaþ (active indicative plural second-person)
hafnaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
hafnaþ (active imperative plural second-person)
hafnanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
hafnain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
hafnanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
hafnōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
hafnōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
hafnōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
hafnōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
hafnōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
hafnōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
hafnōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
hafnōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
hafnōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
hafnōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
hafnōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
hafnōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
hafnōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
hafnōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
hafnōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
hafnōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
hafnandz (active participle present)

Old Norse: hafna

Icelandic: hafna

Gothic: *𐌷𐌰𐍆𐌽𐌰𐌽 (*hafnan)

Gothic: 𐌿𐍆𐌰𐍂𐌷𐌰𐍆𐌽𐌰𐌽 (ufarhafnan)

From *habjaną (“to lift”) + *-naną. Compare also Proto-West Germanic *habinōn (“to handle”).

(intransitive) (+ dative object) to consider oneself above, to reject, to abandon


gaskapjaną

gaskapjō (active first-person indicative singular)
gaskapjaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
gaskapjai (first-person indicative passive singular)
gaskapisi (active indicative second-person singular)
gaskapjais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
gaskapi (active imperative second-person singular)
gaskapjasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
gaskapjaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
gaskapiþi (active indicative singular third-person)
gaskapjai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
gaskapjaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
gaskapjaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
gaskapjaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
gaskapjōs (active dual first-person indicative)
gaskapjaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
gaskapjaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
gaskapjaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
gaskapjaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
gaskapjamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
gaskapjaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
gaskapjanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
gaskapjainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
gaskapiþ (active indicative plural second-person)
gaskapjaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
gaskapiþ (active imperative plural second-person)
gaskapjanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
gaskapjainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
gaskapjanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
gaskapjain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
gaskapjanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
gaskapjanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
gaskapjainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
gaskōp (active first-person indicative singular)
gaskōpį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
gaskōft (active indicative second-person singular)
gaskōpīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
gaskōp (active indicative singular third-person)
gaskōpī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
gaskōpū (active dual first-person indicative)
gaskōpīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
gaskōpudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
gaskōpīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
gaskōpum (active first-person indicative plural)
gaskōpīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
gaskōpud (active indicative plural second-person)
gaskōpīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
gaskōpun (active indicative plural third-person)
gaskōpīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
gaskapjandz (active participle present)
gaskapanaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Old English: gescieppan

Old Saxon: giskeppian

Old High German: giscaffan

Gothic: 𐌲𐌰𐍃𐌺𐌰𐍀𐌾𐌰𐌽 (gaskapjan)


andastandaną

andastandō (active first-person indicative singular)
andastandaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
andastandai (first-person indicative passive singular)
andastandizi (active indicative second-person singular)
andastandaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
andastand (active imperative second-person singular)
andastandazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
andastandaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
andastandidi (active indicative singular third-person)
andastandai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
andastandadau (active imperative singular third-person)
andastandadai (indicative passive singular third-person)
andastandaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
andastandōz (active dual first-person indicative)
andastandaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
andastandadiz (active dual indicative second-person)
andastandaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
andastandadiz (active dual imperative second-person)
andastandamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
andastandaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
andastandandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
andastandaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
andastandid (active indicative plural second-person)
andastandaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
andastandid (active imperative plural second-person)
andastandandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
andastandaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
andastandandi (active indicative plural third-person)
andastandain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
andastandandau (active imperative plural third-person)
andastandandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
andastandaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
andastōþ (active first-person indicative singular)
andastōdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
andastōst (active indicative second-person singular)
andastōdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
andastōþ (active indicative singular third-person)
andastōdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
andastōdū (active dual first-person indicative)
andastōdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
andastōdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
andastōdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
andastōdum (active first-person indicative plural)
andastōdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
andastōdud (active indicative plural second-person)
andastōdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
andastōdun (active indicative plural third-person)
andastōdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
andastandandz (active participle present)
andastadanaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *andastandan
Old Frisian: undstanda, undstonda, andstanda, andstonda
Old Saxon: andstandan, antstandan
Old Dutch: *antstandan
Middle Dutch: ontstanden
Old High German: intstantan
⇒ Old High German: *intstantunga
Middle High German: entstandunge

Gothic: 𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌽 (andstandan)


andastandandz

andastandandz (masculine nominative singular)
andastandandī (feminine nominative singular)
andastandand (neuter nominative singular)
andastandandiz (masculine nominative plural)
andastandandijôz (feminine nominative plural)
andastandand (neuter nominative plural)
andastandandų (accusative masculine singular)
andastandandijǭ (accusative feminine singular)
andastandand (accusative neuter singular)
andastandandunz (accusative masculine plural)
andastandandijōz (accusative feminine plural)
andastandand (accusative neuter plural)
andastandandiz (genitive masculine singular)
andastandandijōz (feminine genitive singular)
andastandandiz (genitive neuter singular)
andastandandǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural)
andastandandijǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural)
andastandandǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural)
andastandandi (dative masculine singular)
andastandandijōi (dative feminine singular)
andastandandi (dative neuter singular)
andastandandumaz (dative masculine plural)
andastandandijōmaz (dative feminine plural)
andastandandumaz (dative neuter plural)
andastandandē (instrumental masculine singular)
andastandandijō (feminine instrumental singular)
andastandandē (instrumental neuter singular)
andastandandumiz (instrumental masculine plural)
andastandandijōmiz (feminine instrumental plural)
andastandandumiz (instrumental neuter plural)


neþaną

neþō (active first-person indicative singular)
neþaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
neþai (first-person indicative passive singular)
niþizi (active indicative second-person singular)
neþaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
neþ (active imperative second-person singular)
neþazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
neþaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
niþidi (active indicative singular third-person)
neþai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
neþadau (active imperative singular third-person)
neþadai (indicative passive singular third-person)
neþaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
neþōz (active dual first-person indicative)
neþaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
neþadiz (active dual indicative second-person)
neþaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
neþadiz (active dual imperative second-person)
neþamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
neþaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
neþandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
neþaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
niþid (active indicative plural second-person)
neþaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
niþid (active imperative plural second-person)
neþandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
neþaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
neþandi (active indicative plural third-person)
neþain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
neþandau (active imperative plural third-person)
neþandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
neþaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
naþ (active first-person indicative singular)
nēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
nast (active indicative second-person singular)
nēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
naþ (active indicative singular third-person)
nēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
nēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
nēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
nēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
nēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
nēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
nēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
nēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
nēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
nēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
nēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
neþandz (active participle present)
nedanaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Gothic: 𐌽𐌹𐌸𐌰𐌽 (niþan)

From Proto-Indo-European *net-. Related to Proto-Tocharian *nete (“might, strength”) and Sanskrit नाथ् (nāth, “to seek aid”).


brehaną

brehō (active first-person indicative singular)
brehaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
brehai (first-person indicative passive singular)
brihizi (active indicative second-person singular)
brehaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
breh (active imperative second-person singular)
brehazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
brehaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
brihidi (active indicative singular third-person)
brehai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
brehadau (active imperative singular third-person)
brehadai (indicative passive singular third-person)
brehaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
brehōz (active dual first-person indicative)
brehaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
brehadiz (active dual indicative second-person)
brehaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
brehadiz (active dual imperative second-person)
brehamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
brehaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
brehandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
brehaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
brihid (active indicative plural second-person)
brehaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
brihid (active imperative plural second-person)
brehandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
brehaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
brehandi (active indicative plural third-person)
brehain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
brehandau (active imperative plural third-person)
brehandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
brehaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
brah (active first-person indicative singular)
brēgį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
braht (active indicative second-person singular)
brēgīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
brah (active indicative singular third-person)
brēgī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
brēgū (active dual first-person indicative)
brēgīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
brēgudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
brēgīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
brēgum (active first-person indicative plural)
brēgīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
brēgud (active indicative plural second-person)
brēgīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
brēgun (active indicative plural third-person)
brēgīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
brehandz (active participle present)
breganaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *brehan

Old High German: brehan

desc

Middle High German: brehen, brechen, prehen

Old Norse: brjá, brá

Icelandic: brjá, brá


skaldaną

skaldō (active first-person indicative singular)
skaldaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
skaldai (first-person indicative passive singular)
skaldizi (active indicative second-person singular)
skaldaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
skald (active imperative second-person singular)
skaldazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
skaldaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
skaldidi (active indicative singular third-person)
skaldai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
skaldadau (active imperative singular third-person)
skaldadai (indicative passive singular third-person)
skaldaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
skaldōz (active dual first-person indicative)
skaldaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
skaldadiz (active dual indicative second-person)
skaldaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
skaldadiz (active dual imperative second-person)
skaldamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
skaldaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
skaldandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
skaldaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
skaldid (active indicative plural second-person)
skaldaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
skaldid (active imperative plural second-person)
skaldandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
skaldaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
skaldandi (active indicative plural third-person)
skaldain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
skaldandau (active imperative plural third-person)
skaldandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
skaldaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
skeskald (active first-person indicative singular)
skeskaldį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
skeskalst (active indicative second-person singular)
skeskaldīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
skeskald (active indicative singular third-person)
skeskaldī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
skeskaldū (active dual first-person indicative)
skeskaldīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
skeskaldudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
skeskaldīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
skeskaldum (active first-person indicative plural)
skeskaldīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
skeskaldud (active indicative plural second-person)
skeskaldīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
skeskaldun (active indicative plural third-person)
skeskaldīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
skaldandz (active participle present)
skaldanaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *skaldan

Old Saxon: skaldan

Old High German: skaltan

Middle High German: schalten

German: schalten

Unclear, Seebold suggests it's possibly from Proto-Indo-European *kel- (“to drive”) with a s-mobile attached to the root.


krēaną

krēō (active first-person indicative singular)
krēaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
krēai (first-person indicative passive singular)
krēizi (active indicative second-person singular)
krēaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
krē (active imperative second-person singular)
krēazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
krēaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
krēidi (active indicative singular third-person)
krēai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
krēadau (active imperative singular third-person)
krēadai (indicative passive singular third-person)
krēaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
krēōz (active dual first-person indicative)
krēaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
krēadiz (active dual indicative second-person)
krēaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
krēadiz (active dual imperative second-person)
krēamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
krēaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
krēandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
krēaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
krēid (active indicative plural second-person)
krēaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
krēid (active imperative plural second-person)
krēandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
krēaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
krēandi (active indicative plural third-person)
krēain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
krēandau (active imperative plural third-person)
krēandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
krēaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
kekrē (active first-person indicative singular)
kekrēį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
kekrēt (active indicative second-person singular)
kekrēīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
kekrē (active indicative singular third-person)
kekrēī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
kekrēū (active dual first-person indicative)
kekrēīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
kekrēudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
kekrēīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
kekrēum (active first-person indicative plural)
kekrēīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
kekrēud (active indicative plural second-person)
kekrēīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
kekrēun (active indicative plural third-person)
kekrēīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
krēandz (active participle present)
krēanaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *krāan, *krājan
Old English: crāwan
Middle English: crawen, crowen
Scots: craw
English: crow
Old Saxon: krāian
Middle Low German: kreien
Old Dutch: crāien
Middle Dutch: crâyen
Dutch: kraaien
Old High German: krāen
Middle High German: kraen
German: krähen
Luxembourgish: kréien

Perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *gerh₂- (“to cry hoarsely”).

der

Akademie-Verlag
Berlin
Wolfgang Pfeifer (etymologist)


wedrōną

wedrō (active first-person indicative singular)
wedrǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
wedrōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
wedrōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
wedrōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
wedrō (active imperative second-person singular)
wedrōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
wedrōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
wedrōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
wedrō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
wedrōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
wedrōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
wedrōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
wedrōs (active dual first-person indicative)
wedrōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
wedrōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
wedrōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
wedrōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
wedrōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
wedrōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
wedrōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
wedrōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
wedrōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
wedrōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
wedrōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
wedrōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
wedrōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
wedrōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
wedrōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
wedrōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
wedrōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
wedrōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
wedrōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
wedrōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
wedrōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
wedrōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
wedrōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
wedrōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
wedrōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
wedrōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
wedrōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
wedrōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
wedrōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
wedrōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
wedrōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
wedrōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
wedrōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
wedrōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
wedrōndz (active participle present)
wedrōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *wedrōn
Old English: wederian, wedrian
Middle English: wederen
>? Middle English: wideren (to shrivel, dry up)
English: wither
Old Frisian: widria
Old Saxon: *wedarōn
Middle Low German: wēderen, wedderen
Old Dutch: *wederon
Middle Dutch: wēderen
Dutch: wederen, weren
Old High German: *wetarōn
Middle High German: wēteren, wētern
German: wettern

Old Norse: viðra

Icelandic: viðra

Norwegian:

Norwegian Bokmål: være

desc

Norwegian Nynorsk: vêre, vere, vêra, vera

Swedish: vädra

Danish: vejre

to be in a particular state (of the weather)


þiljōną

þiljō (active first-person indicative singular)
þiljǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
þiljōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
þiljōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
þiljōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
þiljō (active imperative second-person singular)
þiljōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
þiljōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
þiljōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
þiljō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
þiljōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
þiljōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
þiljōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
þiljōs (active dual first-person indicative)
þiljōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
þiljōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
þiljōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
þiljōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
þiljōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
þiljōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
þiljōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
þiljōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
þiljōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
þiljōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
þiljōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
þiljōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
þiljōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
þiljōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
þiljōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
þiljōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
þiljōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
þiljōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
þiljōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
þiljōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
þiljōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
þiljōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
þiljōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
þiljōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
þiljōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
þiljōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
þiljōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
þiljōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
þiljōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
þiljōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
þiljōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
þiljōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
þiljōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
þiljōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
þiljōndz (active participle present)
þiljōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *þilljōn
Old English: þillian, þilian, þelian, þillan, þyllan
>? Middle English: thillen (to put (a horse) between the shafts of a cart)
→⇒? Medieval Latin: tilitāre
Old French: tilater (Anglo-Norman)
→⇒ Middle English: tilating
Old Saxon: *thilliōn
⇒ Middle Low German: bedēlen
Old Dutch: *thilon
Middle Dutch: dēlen
Old High German: *dillōn
Middle High German: dillen
German: dielen
⇒ Old High German: gidillōn

Old Norse: þilja

Icelandic: þilja


stalukōną

stalukō (active first-person indicative singular)
stalukǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
stalukōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
stalukōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
stalukōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
stalukō (active imperative second-person singular)
stalukōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
stalukōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
stalukōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
stalukō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
stalukōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
stalukōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
stalukōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
stalukōs (active dual first-person indicative)
stalukōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
stalukōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
stalukōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
stalukōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
stalukōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
stalukōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
stalukōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
stalukōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
stalukōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
stalukōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
stalukōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
stalukōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
stalukōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
stalukōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
stalukōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
stalukōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
stalukōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
stalukōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
stalukōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
stalukōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
stalukōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
stalukōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
stalukōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
stalukōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
stalukōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
stalukōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
stalukōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
stalukōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
stalukōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
stalukōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
stalukōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
stalukōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
stalukōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
stalukōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
stalukōndz (active participle present)
stalukōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *stalukōn, *stalkōn
Old English: *stealcian
Middle English: stalken
English: stalk
Scots: stalk
⇒ Old English: bestealcian
⇒ Old English: stealcung, stalcung
Middle English: stalkyng, stalkynge
English: stalking
Scots: stalking

Old Norse: *stǫlka

Norwegian Nynorsk: stalka

From *stalōną + *-ukōną. Ultimately from the same source as *stelaną (“to steal”).