swōtijaną

swōtijō (active first-person indicative singular)
swōtijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
swōtijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
swōtīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
swōtijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
swōtī (active imperative second-person singular)
swōtijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
swōtijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
swōtīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
swōtijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
swōtijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
swōtijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
swōtijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
swōtijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
swōtijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
swōtijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
swōtijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
swōtijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
swōtijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
swōtijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
swōtijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
swōtijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
swōtīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
swōtijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
swōtīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
swōtijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
swōtijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
swōtijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
swōtijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
swōtijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
swōtijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
swōtijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
swōtidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
swōtidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
swōtidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
swōtidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
swōtidē (active indicative singular third-person)
swōtidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
swōtidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
swōtidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
swōtidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
swōtidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
swōtidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
swōtidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
swōtidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
swōtidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
swōtidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
swōtidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
swōtijandz (active participle present)
swōtidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *swōtijan
Old English: swētan
Middle English: sweten
English: sweet
Old Frisian: *swēta
⇒ Old Frisian: *swētia (changed to a class 2 verb)
Saterland Frisian: swäitje
West Frisian: swietje, swietsje
Old Saxon: *swōtian
Middle Low German: sȫten
German Low German: söten
Old Dutch: *suoten
Middle Dutch: soeten
Dutch: zoeten
Old High German: suozen
Middle High German: süezen
Bavarian: siaßn
German: süßen
Yiddish: זיסן (zisn)

Old Norse: *sœta, *sǿta

Icelandic: sæta

Faroese: søta

Swedish: söta

Danish: søde


slinkaną

slinkō (active first-person indicative singular)
slinkaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
slinkai (first-person indicative passive singular)
slinkizi (active indicative second-person singular)
slinkaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
slink (active imperative second-person singular)
slinkazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
slinkaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
slinkidi (active indicative singular third-person)
slinkai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
slinkadau (active imperative singular third-person)
slinkadai (indicative passive singular third-person)
slinkaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
slinkōz (active dual first-person indicative)
slinkaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
slinkadiz (active dual indicative second-person)
slinkaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
slinkadiz (active dual imperative second-person)
slinkamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
slinkaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
slinkandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
slinkaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
slinkid (active indicative plural second-person)
slinkaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
slinkid (active imperative plural second-person)
slinkandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
slinkaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
slinkandi (active indicative plural third-person)
slinkain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
slinkandau (active imperative plural third-person)
slinkandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
slinkaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
slank (active first-person indicative singular)
slunkį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
slanht (active indicative second-person singular)
slunkīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
slank (active indicative singular third-person)
slunkī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
slunkū (active dual first-person indicative)
slunkīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
slunkudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
slunkīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
slunkum (active first-person indicative plural)
slunkīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
slunkud (active indicative plural second-person)
slunkīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
slunkun (active indicative plural third-person)
slunkīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
slinkandz (active participle present)
slunkanaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Old English: slincan

Middle English: slynken

Scots: slink

English: slink

Old Frisian: *slinka

Saterland Frisian: slinke

West Frisian: slinke

Old Saxon: *slinkan

Middle Low German: slinken

Low German: slinken

Old Dutch: *slinkan

Middle Dutch: slinken

Dutch: slinken

Old Norse: *slinka

Old Swedish: slinka

Swedish: slinka

Gutnish: slinke, slink', slinka

Close to the synonym *slingwaną, though with some formal difficulty. Presumably degeminated from earlier *slenkk-, from pre-Germanic *sln̥k-né(h₂)- or similar with a return to the full grade, from Proto-Indo-European *slenk- (“to wind, twist, slink, creep”) (or perhaps *slenkʷ-); this could explain the different coda stop reflexes without needing to assume two separate PIE roots. Related to Lithuanian sliñkti (“to creep, sneak”). Perhaps partly sound-symbolic or onomatopoeic.

der

Brill Publishers
Germanic parent language


dwalōną

dwalō (active first-person indicative singular)
dwalǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
dwalōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
dwalōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
dwalōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
dwalō (active imperative second-person singular)
dwalōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
dwalōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
dwalōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
dwalō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
dwalōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
dwalōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
dwalōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
dwalōs (active dual first-person indicative)
dwalōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
dwalōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
dwalōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
dwalōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
dwalōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
dwalōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
dwalōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
dwalōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
dwalōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
dwalōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
dwalōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
dwalōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
dwalōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
dwalōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
dwalōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
dwalōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
dwalōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
dwalōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
dwalōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
dwalōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
dwalōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
dwalōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
dwalōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
dwalōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
dwalōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
dwalōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
dwalōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
dwalōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
dwalōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
dwalōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
dwalōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
dwalōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
dwalōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
dwalōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
dwalōndz (active participle present)
dwalōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *dwalōn
Old English: dwalian, dwolian
Middle English: dwalen, duale, dwalien
>? English: dwale, dwall
>? Scots: dwall
Old Frisian: dwalia
North Frisian: dwaale
West Frisian: dwale
Old Saxon: dwalōn
Middle Low German: dwālen
German Low German: dwalen
Old Dutch: *dwalon
Middle Dutch: dwālen
Dutch: dwalen
Old High German: twalōn
Middle High German: twalen

Old Norse: dvala

Icelandic: dvala

From *dwalaz (“confused, stunned”) + *-ōną.


wanōną

wanō (active first-person indicative singular)
wanǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
wanōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
wanōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
wanōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
wanō (active imperative second-person singular)
wanōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
wanōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
wanōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
wanō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
wanōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
wanōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
wanōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
wanōs (active dual first-person indicative)
wanōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
wanōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
wanōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
wanōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
wanōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
wanōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
wanōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
wanōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
wanōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
wanōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
wanōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
wanōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
wanōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
wanōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
wanōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
wanōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
wanōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
wanōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
wanōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
wanōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
wanōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
wanōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
wanōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
wanōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
wanōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
wanōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
wanōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
wanōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
wanōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
wanōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
wanōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
wanōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
wanōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
wanōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
wanōndz (active participle present)
wanōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *wanōn
Old English: wanian, wonian
Middle English: wanien, wonien, wanen
Scots: wan, wane
English: wane
Old Frisian: wania, wonia
Old Saxon: wanōn
Middle Low German: wanen, wānen
Old Dutch: *wanon
Middle Dutch: wanen, waenen
Old High German: wanōn

Old Norse: vana

Icelandic: vana

From *wanaz (“lacking”) + *-ōną. Compare Latin vānēscō for the semantic development.


brōdijaną

brōdijō (active first-person indicative singular)
brōdijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
brōdijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
brōdīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
brōdijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
brōdī (active imperative second-person singular)
brōdijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
brōdijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
brōdīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
brōdijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
brōdijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
brōdijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
brōdijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
brōdijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
brōdijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
brōdijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
brōdijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
brōdijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
brōdijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
brōdijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
brōdijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
brōdijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
brōdīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
brōdijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
brōdīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
brōdijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
brōdijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
brōdijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
brōdijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
brōdijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
brōdijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
brōdijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
brōdidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
brōdidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
brōdidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
brōdidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
brōdidē (active indicative singular third-person)
brōdidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
brōdidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
brōdidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
brōdidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
brōdidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
brōdidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
brōdidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
brōdidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
brōdidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
brōdidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
brōdidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
brōdijandz (active participle present)
brōdidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Old English: brēdan

Middle English: breden

Scots: brede, breid

English: breed

Old Frisian: *brēda

Saterland Frisian: briede

West Frisian: briede

Old Saxon: *brōdian

Middle Low German: brôden, bröden

German Low German: bröden

Old Dutch: *bruoden

Middle Dutch: broeden, bruden

Dutch: broeden

Old High German: bruoten

Middle High German: brüeten

German: brüten

Hunsrik: briede

(Luxembourgish: bréien)

From *brōduz (“warmth, breed”) + *-janą.


walkōną

walkō (active first-person indicative singular)
walkǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
walkōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
walkōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
walkōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
walkō (active imperative second-person singular)
walkōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
walkōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
walkōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
walkō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
walkōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
walkōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
walkōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
walkōs (active dual first-person indicative)
walkōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
walkōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
walkōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
walkōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
walkōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
walkōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
walkōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
walkōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
walkōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
walkōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
walkōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
walkōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
walkōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
walkōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
walkōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
walkōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
walkōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
walkōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
walkōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
walkōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
walkōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
walkōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
walkōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
walkōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
walkōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
walkōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
walkōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
walkōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
walkōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
walkōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
walkōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
walkōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
walkōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
walkōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
walkōndz (active participle present)
walkōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *walkōn
Old English: wealcian
Middle English: walken, walk, walke, walkyn, wolken (conflated with wealcan)
English: walk, waulk
Scots: walk
Old Frisian: *walkia
Saterland Frisian: walkje
West Frisian: walkje
Old Saxon: *walkōn, *walkōjan
Middle Low German: walken
Low German: walken
Old Dutch: *walkōn
Middle Dutch: walken
Dutch: walken
Old High German: *walkōn
Middle High German: walken
German: walken

Old Norse: valka, válka

Icelandic: valka, volka

Faroese: válka

Norwegian Bokmål: valke

Swedish: valka

Danish: valke

From Proto-Indo-European *wolg- (“to twist; turn; move”).


nōzijaną

nōzijō (active first-person indicative singular)
nōzijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
nōzijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
nōzīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
nōzijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
nōzī (active imperative second-person singular)
nōzijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
nōzijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
nōzīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
nōzijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
nōzijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
nōzijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
nōzijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
nōzijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
nōzijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
nōzijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
nōzijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
nōzijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
nōzijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
nōzijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
nōzijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
nōzijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
nōzīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
nōzijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
nōzīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
nōzijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
nōzijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
nōzijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
nōzijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
nōzijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
nōzijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
nōzijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
nōzidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
nōzidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
nōzidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
nōzidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
nōzidē (active indicative singular third-person)
nōzidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
nōzidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
nōzidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
nōzidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
nōzidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
nōzidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
nōzidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
nōzidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
nōzidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
nōzidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
nōzidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
nōzijandz (active participle present)
nōzidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Old Norse: nœra

Icelandic: næra

Faroese: nøra

Norwegian: nøre

Old Swedish: *nø̄ra

Swedish: nöra (dialectal)

Secondary causative of a lost strong verb *nasaną, from the same root as *nesaną and *nazjaną.


wardāną

wardō (active first-person indicative singular)
wardaisi (active indicative second-person singular)
wardai (active imperative second-person singular)
wardāsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
wardaiþi (active indicative singular third-person)
wardāþau (active imperative singular third-person)
wardāþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
wardōs (active dual first-person indicative)
wardāþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
wardāþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
wardāmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
wardānþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
wardaiþ (active indicative plural second-person)
wardaiþ (active imperative plural second-person)
wardānþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
wardānþi (active indicative plural third-person)
wardānþau (active imperative plural third-person)
wardānþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
wardadǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
wardadēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
wardadēz (active indicative second-person singular)
wardadēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
wardadē (active indicative singular third-person)
wardadēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
wardadēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
wardadēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
wardadēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
wardadēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
wardadēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
wardadēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
wardadēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
wardadēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
wardadēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
wardadēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
wardāndz (active participle present)
wardadaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *wardēn
Old English: weardian
Middle English: warden
English: ward
Old Saxon: wardon
Middle Low German: warden, wārden
Old Dutch: wardon
Middle Dutch: warden
Dutch: warden
Old High German: wartēn
Middle High German: warten
Central Franconian: waade, waarde
German: warten
Hunsrik: waarte
Luxembourgish: waarden
Yiddish: וואַרטן (vartn)
→ Early Medieval Latin: wardō (see there for further descendants)

Old Norse: varða

Icelandic: varða

Old Swedish: varþa, vārdha

Swedish: vårda

→ Proto-Finnic: *vartodak (see there for further descendants)

→ Proto-Samic: *vuortētēk (see there for further descendants)

From *warduz (“a guard”) + *-āną or *wardō (“protection”) + *-āną, both ultimately from the same root.


snīkaną

snīkō (active first-person indicative singular)
snīkaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
snīkai (first-person indicative passive singular)
snīkizi (active indicative second-person singular)
snīkaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
snīk (active imperative second-person singular)
snīkazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
snīkaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
snīkidi (active indicative singular third-person)
snīkai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
snīkadau (active imperative singular third-person)
snīkadai (indicative passive singular third-person)
snīkaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
snīkōz (active dual first-person indicative)
snīkaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
snīkadiz (active dual indicative second-person)
snīkaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
snīkadiz (active dual imperative second-person)
snīkamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
snīkaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
snīkandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
snīkaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
snīkid (active indicative plural second-person)
snīkaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
snīkid (active imperative plural second-person)
snīkandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
snīkaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
snīkandi (active indicative plural third-person)
snīkain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
snīkandau (active imperative plural third-person)
snīkandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
snīkaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
snaik (active first-person indicative singular)
snikį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
snaiht (active indicative second-person singular)
snikīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
snaik (active indicative singular third-person)
snikī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
snikū (active dual first-person indicative)
snikīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
snikudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
snikīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
snikum (active first-person indicative plural)
snikīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
snikud (active indicative plural second-person)
snikīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
snikun (active indicative plural third-person)
snikīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
snīkandz (active participle present)
snikanaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *snīkan
Old English: snīcan
Middle English: sniken
>? English: sneak, snitch
>? Scots: sneke, sneak

Old Norse: sníkja (weak verb) (< *snīkijaną)

Icelandic: sníkja

Faroese: sníkja

Norwegian Nynorsk: snikja, snika

Swedish: snika

Danish: snige

Norwegian Bokmål: snike

Probably from a Proto-Indo-European *sneyg- (“to crawl”), and cognate with Latvian snīgt (“to hand, pass, reach”). See also the semantically and phonetically similar *sneganą (“to crawl, creep”), though a formal relation is difficult.


hraspōną

hraspō (active first-person indicative singular)
hraspǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
hraspōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
hraspōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
hraspōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
hraspō (active imperative second-person singular)
hraspōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
hraspōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
hraspōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
hraspō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
hraspōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
hraspōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
hraspōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
hraspōs (active dual first-person indicative)
hraspōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
hraspōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
hraspōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
hraspōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
hraspōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
hraspōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
hraspōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
hraspōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
hraspōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
hraspōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
hraspōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
hraspōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
hraspōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
hraspōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
hraspōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
hraspōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
hraspōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
hraspōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
hraspōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
hraspōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
hraspōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
hraspōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
hraspōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
hraspōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
hraspōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
hraspōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
hraspōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
hraspōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
hraspōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
hraspōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
hraspōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
hraspōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
hraspōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
hraspōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
hraspōndz (active participle present)
hraspōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *hraspōn
Old Saxon: *hraspōn
⇒ Middle Low German: raspelen
German Low German: raspeln
Old High German: raspōn
Middle High German: raspen
German: raspen (obsolete)
⇒ German: raspeln
→ Vulgar Latin: *raspāre (see there for further descendants)


swaipaną

swaipō (active first-person indicative singular)
swaipaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
swaipai (first-person indicative passive singular)
swaipizi (active indicative second-person singular)
swaipaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
swaip (active imperative second-person singular)
swaipazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
swaipaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
swaipidi (active indicative singular third-person)
swaipai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
swaipadau (active imperative singular third-person)
swaipadai (indicative passive singular third-person)
swaipaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
swaipōz (active dual first-person indicative)
swaipaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
swaipadiz (active dual indicative second-person)
swaipaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
swaipadiz (active dual imperative second-person)
swaipamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
swaipaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
swaipandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
swaipaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
swaipid (active indicative plural second-person)
swaipaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
swaipid (active imperative plural second-person)
swaipandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
swaipaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
swaipandi (active indicative plural third-person)
swaipain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
swaipandau (active imperative plural third-person)
swaipandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
swaipaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
sezwaip (active first-person indicative singular)
sezwaipį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
sezwaift (active indicative second-person singular)
sezwaipīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
sezwaip (active indicative singular third-person)
sezwaipī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
sezwaipū (active dual first-person indicative)
sezwaipīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
sezwaipudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
sezwaipīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
sezwaipum (active first-person indicative plural)
sezwaipīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
sezwaipud (active indicative plural second-person)
sezwaipīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
sezwaipun (active indicative plural third-person)
sezwaipīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
swaipandz (active participle present)
swaipanaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *swaipan
Old English: swāpan
Middle English: swapen, swopen
English: swoop
Scots: swap, swape, swaip
Old Frisian: swēpa
West Frisian: swiepe (obsolete)
Old Saxon: swēpan
Middle Low German: swêpen
German Low German: swepen
Old High German: sweifan
Middle High German: sweifen
German: schweifen

Old Norse: sveipa (“to swaddle, wrap; to cast”)
Icelandic: sveipa
Faroese: sveipa
Norwegian:
Norwegian Nynorsk: sveipe, sveipa
Norwegian Bokmål: sveipe
Ostrobothnian: sveip
Nilandian: svipa
Old Swedish: svēpa, swǣpa
Swedish: svepa
Scanian: svøba, svepa, sveva
Older Danish: svebe
Danish: svøbe, svippe
→ Middle English: swaipen
English: swaip
Scots: swape, swaip


pikkōną

pikkō (active first-person indicative singular)
pikkǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
pikkōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
pikkōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
pikkōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
pikkō (active imperative second-person singular)
pikkōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
pikkōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
pikkōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
pikkō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
pikkōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
pikkōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
pikkōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
pikkōs (active dual first-person indicative)
pikkōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
pikkōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
pikkōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
pikkōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
pikkōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
pikkōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
pikkōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
pikkōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
pikkōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
pikkōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
pikkōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
pikkōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
pikkōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
pikkōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
pikkōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
pikkōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
pikkōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
pikkōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
pikkōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
pikkōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
pikkōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
pikkōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
pikkōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
pikkōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
pikkōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
pikkōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
pikkōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
pikkōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
pikkōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
pikkōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
pikkōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
pikkōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
pikkōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
pikkōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
pikkōndz (active participle present)
pikkōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *pikkōn
Old English: *piccian, *pīcian, pȳcan
Middle English: piken, picken, pikken
English: pick
Scots: pik
Middle English: pecken, pekken (possible borrowing from Middle Dutch or Middle Low German forms)
English: peck
Scots: peck
Old Saxon: *pikkōn
Middle Low German: picken, pecken
German Low German: picken
→ German: picken
Old Dutch: *pikken
Middle Dutch: picken, pecken, peken
Dutch: pikken
Old High German: picchen
→ Vulgar Latin: *piccō (“to strike, sting”) (see there for further descendants)

Old Norse: pikka

Icelandic: pikka

Norwegian: pikka

Swedish: picka

Danish: pikke

Unknown; from a stem *pikk-, of apparently imitative origin, + *-ōną. Compare Proto-Germanic *bikjaną, but also Latin beccus and Latin bucca.

onomatopoeic

imitative


bikjaną

bikjō (active first-person indicative singular)
bikjaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
bikjai (first-person indicative passive singular)
bikisi (active indicative second-person singular)
bikjais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
biki (active imperative second-person singular)
bikjasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
bikjaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
bikiþi (active indicative singular third-person)
bikjai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
bikjaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
bikjaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
bikjaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
bikjōs (active dual first-person indicative)
bikjaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
bikjaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
bikjaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
bikjaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
bikjamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
bikjaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
bikjanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
bikjainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
bikiþ (active indicative plural second-person)
bikjaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
bikiþ (active imperative plural second-person)
bikjanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
bikjainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
bikjanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
bikjain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
bikjanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
bikjanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
bikjainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
bikidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
bikidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
bikidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
bikidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
bikidē (active indicative singular third-person)
bikidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
bikidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
bikidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
bikidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
bikidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
bikidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
bikidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
bikidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
bikidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
bikidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
bikidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
bikjandz (active participle present)
bikidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *bikkjan
Old Frisian: *bitsia, *bikja, *bikka
Saterland Frisian: bikje
West Frisian: bikje, bikke
Old Saxon: *bikkian (suggested by derivative bikkil)
Middle Low German: bicken
German Low German: bickern (frequentative)
Old Dutch: *bikken
Middle Dutch: bicken
Dutch: bikken
→ Middle English: bickeren, beckeren (frequentative)
English: bicker
Old High German: bikken, bicken; anabikken
Middle High German: bicken, becken
German: bicken

Old Norse: bikkja

Icelandic: bikkja

Norwegian Bokmål: bikke

Norwegian Nynorsk: bikke

From Proto-Indo-European *bʰeg- (“to smash, break”). Orel's alternate derivation from Proto-Indo-European *bʰegʷ- (“to flee, run”) is less semantically convincing.


wrōtaną

wrōtō (active first-person indicative singular)
wrōtaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
wrōtai (first-person indicative passive singular)
wrōtizi (active indicative second-person singular)
wrōtaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
wrōt (active imperative second-person singular)
wrōtazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
wrōtaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
wrōtidi (active indicative singular third-person)
wrōtai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
wrōtadau (active imperative singular third-person)
wrōtadai (indicative passive singular third-person)
wrōtaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
wrōtōz (active dual first-person indicative)
wrōtaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
wrōtadiz (active dual indicative second-person)
wrōtaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
wrōtadiz (active dual imperative second-person)
wrōtamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
wrōtaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
wrōtandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
wrōtaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
wrōtid (active indicative plural second-person)
wrōtaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
wrōtid (active imperative plural second-person)
wrōtandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
wrōtaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
wrōtandi (active indicative plural third-person)
wrōtain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
wrōtandau (active imperative plural third-person)
wrōtandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
wrōtaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
wewrōt (active first-person indicative singular)
wewrōtį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
wewrōst (active indicative second-person singular)
wewrōtīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
wewrōt (active indicative singular third-person)
wewrōtī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
wewrōtū (active dual first-person indicative)
wewrōtīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
wewrōtudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
wewrōtīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
wewrōtum (active first-person indicative plural)
wewrōtīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
wewrōtud (active indicative plural second-person)
wewrōtīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
wewrōtun (active indicative plural third-person)
wewrōtīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
wrōtandz (active participle present)
wrōtanaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *wrōtan
Old English: wrōtan
Middle English: wroten, wrooten
English: root
Scots: wrutt, wort, rute, wirt, ruit
Old Saxon: *wrōtan
Middle Low German: wrôten
German Low German: wröten
Old Dutch: *wruotan
Middle Dutch: wroeten
Dutch: wroeten
Old High German: ruozzen

Old Norse: róta

Of uncertain origin. Perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *Hreh₃d- (“to scrape, gnaw”), or alternatively a verbal formation related to *wrōts (“root”).


frakweþaną

frakweþō (active first-person indicative singular)
frakweþaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
frakweþai (first-person indicative passive singular)
frakwiþizi (active indicative second-person singular)
frakweþaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
frakweþ (active imperative second-person singular)
frakweþazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
frakweþaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
frakwiþidi (active indicative singular third-person)
frakweþai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
frakweþadau (active imperative singular third-person)
frakweþadai (indicative passive singular third-person)
frakweþaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
frakweþōz (active dual first-person indicative)
frakweþaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
frakweþadiz (active dual indicative second-person)
frakweþaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
frakweþadiz (active dual imperative second-person)
frakweþamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
frakweþaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
frakweþandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
frakweþaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
frakwiþid (active indicative plural second-person)
frakweþaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
frakwiþid (active imperative plural second-person)
frakweþandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
frakweþaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
frakweþandi (active indicative plural third-person)
frakweþain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
frakweþandau (active imperative plural third-person)
frakweþandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
frakweþaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
frakwaþ (active first-person indicative singular)
frakwēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
frakwast (active indicative second-person singular)
frakwēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
frakwaþ (active indicative singular third-person)
frakwēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
frakwēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
frakwēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
frakwēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
frakwēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
frakwēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
frakwēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
frakwēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
frakwēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
frakwēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
frakwēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
frakweþandz (active participle present)
frakwedanaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Old English: forcweþan

Middle English: forquethen

Old High German: firquedan

Old Norse: fyrkveða, fyrirkveða

Icelandic: fyrirkveða

Gothic: 𐍆𐍂𐌰𐌵𐌹𐌸𐌰𐌽 (fraqiþan)

/ˌɸrɑ.ˈkʷe.θɑ.nɑ̃/


frakwemaną

frakwemō (active first-person indicative singular)
frakwemaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
frakwemai (first-person indicative passive singular)
frakwimizi (active indicative second-person singular)
frakwemaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
frakwem (active imperative second-person singular)
frakwemazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
frakwemaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
frakwimidi (active indicative singular third-person)
frakwemai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
frakwemadau (active imperative singular third-person)
frakwemadai (indicative passive singular third-person)
frakwemaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
frakwemōz (active dual first-person indicative)
frakwemaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
frakwemadiz (active dual indicative second-person)
frakwemaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
frakwemadiz (active dual imperative second-person)
frakwemamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
frakwemaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
frakwemandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
frakwemaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
frakwimid (active indicative plural second-person)
frakwemaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
frakwimid (active imperative plural second-person)
frakwemandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
frakwemaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
frakwemandi (active indicative plural third-person)
frakwemain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
frakwemandau (active imperative plural third-person)
frakwemandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
frakwemaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
frakwam (active first-person indicative singular)
frakwēmį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
frakwamt (active indicative second-person singular)
frakwēmīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
frakwam (active indicative singular third-person)
frakwēmī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
frakwēmū (active dual first-person indicative)
frakwēmīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
frakwēmudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
frakwēmīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
frakwēmum (active first-person indicative plural)
frakwēmīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
frakwēmud (active indicative plural second-person)
frakwēmīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
frakwēmun (active indicative plural third-person)
frakwēmīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
frakwemandz (active participle present)
frakumanaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *frakweman

Old English: forcuman

Old Saxon: farkuman

Middle Low German: vorkomen

Old High German: *firkweman

Middle High German: verkomen

German: verkommen

Gothic: 𐍆𐍂𐌰𐌵𐌹𐌼𐌰𐌽 (fraqiman)


frafaraną

frafarō (active first-person indicative singular)
frafaraų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
frafarai (first-person indicative passive singular)
frafarizi (active indicative second-person singular)
frafaraiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
frafar (active imperative second-person singular)
frafarazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
frafaraizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
frafaridi (active indicative singular third-person)
frafarai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
frafaradau (active imperative singular third-person)
frafaradai (indicative passive singular third-person)
frafaraidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
frafarōz (active dual first-person indicative)
frafaraiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
frafaradiz (active dual indicative second-person)
frafaraidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
frafaradiz (active dual imperative second-person)
frafaramaz (active first-person indicative plural)
frafaraim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
frafarandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
frafaraindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
frafarid (active indicative plural second-person)
frafaraid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
frafarid (active imperative plural second-person)
frafarandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
frafaraindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
frafarandi (active indicative plural third-person)
frafarain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
frafarandau (active imperative plural third-person)
frafarandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
frafaraindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
frafōr (active first-person indicative singular)
frafōrį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
frafōrt (active indicative second-person singular)
frafōrīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
frafōr (active indicative singular third-person)
frafōrī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
frafōrū (active dual first-person indicative)
frafōrīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
frafōrudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
frafōrīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
frafōrum (active first-person indicative plural)
frafōrīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
frafōrud (active indicative plural second-person)
frafōrīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
frafōrun (active indicative plural third-person)
frafōrīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
frafarandz (active participle present)
frafaranaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Old English: forfaran

Middle English: forfaren

English: forfare (obsolete/archaic)

Old Frisian: forfara

Old Dutch: *farfaran

Middle Dutch: vervāren

Dutch: vervaren

Old High German: firfaran, farfaran

Middle High German: vervarn

German: verfahren

Old Norse: *forfara (cf.) fara (senses of "to perish" and "to destroy"), fyrirfara

Icelandic: fyrirfara

Old Danish: forfare

/ˌɸrɑ.ˈɸɑ.rɑ.nɑ̃/

(originally) to go away
(intransitive) to perish

(originally) to go away
(transitive) to destroy


franemaną

franemō (active first-person indicative singular)
franemaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
franemai (first-person indicative passive singular)
franimizi (active indicative second-person singular)
franemaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
franem (active imperative second-person singular)
franemazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
franemaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
franimidi (active indicative singular third-person)
franemai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
franemadau (active imperative singular third-person)
franemadai (indicative passive singular third-person)
franemaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
franemōz (active dual first-person indicative)
franemaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
franemadiz (active dual indicative second-person)
franemaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
franemadiz (active dual imperative second-person)
franemamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
franemaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
franemandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
franemaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
franimid (active indicative plural second-person)
franemaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
franimid (active imperative plural second-person)
franemandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
franemaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
franemandi (active indicative plural third-person)
franemain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
franemandau (active imperative plural third-person)
franemandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
franemaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
franam (active first-person indicative singular)
franēmį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
franamt (active indicative second-person singular)
franēmīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
franam (active indicative singular third-person)
franēmī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
franēmū (active dual first-person indicative)
franēmīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
franēmudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
franēmīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
franēmum (active first-person indicative plural)
franēmīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
franēmud (active indicative plural second-person)
franēmīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
franēmun (active indicative plural third-person)
franēmīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
franemandz (active participle present)
franumanaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *franeman
Old English: forniman
Middle English: fornimen
Old Saxon: farniman
Middle Low German: vornemen
→ Danish: fornemme
→ Norwegian: fornemme
Old Dutch: farneman
Middle Dutch: vernēmen
Dutch: vernemen
Afrikaans: verneem
Limburgish: vernumme, vernaeme
Old High German: firneman
Middle High German: vernemen
German: vernehmen

Gothic: 𐍆𐍂𐌰𐌽𐌹𐌼𐌰𐌽 (franiman)


bisatjaną

bisatjō (active first-person indicative singular)
bisatjaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
bisatjai (first-person indicative passive singular)
bisatisi (active indicative second-person singular)
bisatjais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
bisati (active imperative second-person singular)
bisatjasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
bisatjaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
bisatiþi (active indicative singular third-person)
bisatjai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
bisatjaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
bisatjaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
bisatjaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
bisatjōs (active dual first-person indicative)
bisatjaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
bisatjaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
bisatjaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
bisatjaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
bisatjamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
bisatjaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
bisatjanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
bisatjainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
bisatiþ (active indicative plural second-person)
bisatjaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
bisatiþ (active imperative plural second-person)
bisatjanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
bisatjainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
bisatjanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
bisatjain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
bisatjanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
bisatjanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
bisatjainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
bisatidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
bisatidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
bisatidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
bisatidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
bisatidē (active indicative singular third-person)
bisatidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
bisatidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
bisatidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
bisatidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
bisatidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
bisatidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
bisatidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
bisatidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
bisatidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
bisatidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
bisatidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
bisatjandz (active participle present)
bisatidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *bisattjan

Old English: besettan

Middle English: besetten, bisetten

English: beset

Scots: besett, beset

Old Frisian: bisetta

Saterland Frisian: besätte

West Frisian: besette

Old Saxon: *bisettian

Middle Low German: besetten

German Low German: besetten

→ Danish: besætte

→ Swedish: besätta

→ Norwegian: besette

Old Dutch: bisetten

Middle Dutch: besetten

Dutch: bezetten

Afrikaans: beset

Old High German: bisezzen

Middle High German: besetzen

German: besetzen

Gothic: 𐌱𐌹𐍃𐌰𐍄𐌾𐌰𐌽 (bisatjan)


ganemaną

ganemō (active first-person indicative singular)
ganemaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
ganemai (first-person indicative passive singular)
ganimizi (active indicative second-person singular)
ganemaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
ganem (active imperative second-person singular)
ganemazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
ganemaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
ganimidi (active indicative singular third-person)
ganemai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
ganemadau (active imperative singular third-person)
ganemadai (indicative passive singular third-person)
ganemaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
ganemōz (active dual first-person indicative)
ganemaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
ganemadiz (active dual indicative second-person)
ganemaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
ganemadiz (active dual imperative second-person)
ganemamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
ganemaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
ganemandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
ganemaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
ganimid (active indicative plural second-person)
ganemaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
ganimid (active imperative plural second-person)
ganemandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
ganemaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
ganemandi (active indicative plural third-person)
ganemain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
ganemandau (active imperative plural third-person)
ganemandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
ganemaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
ganam (active first-person indicative singular)
ganēmį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
ganamt (active indicative second-person singular)
ganēmīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
ganam (active indicative singular third-person)
ganēmī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
ganēmū (active dual first-person indicative)
ganēmīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
ganēmudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
ganēmīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
ganēmum (active first-person indicative plural)
ganēmīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
ganēmud (active indicative plural second-person)
ganēmīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
ganēmun (active indicative plural third-person)
ganēmīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
ganemandz (active participle present)
ganumanaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *ganeman
Old English: ġeniman
Old Saxon: giniman
Old Dutch: *gineman
Middle Dutch: genēmen
Old High German: gineman
Middle High German: genemen

Gothic: 𐌲𐌰𐌽𐌹𐌼𐌰𐌽 (ganiman)


abanemaną

abanemō (active first-person indicative singular)
abanemaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
abanemai (first-person indicative passive singular)
abanimizi (active indicative second-person singular)
abanemaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
abanem (active imperative second-person singular)
abanemazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
abanemaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
abanimidi (active indicative singular third-person)
abanemai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
abanemadau (active imperative singular third-person)
abanemadai (indicative passive singular third-person)
abanemaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
abanemōz (active dual first-person indicative)
abanemaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
abanemadiz (active dual indicative second-person)
abanemaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
abanemadiz (active dual imperative second-person)
abanemamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
abanemaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
abanemandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
abanemaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
abanimid (active indicative plural second-person)
abanemaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
abanimid (active imperative plural second-person)
abanemandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
abanemaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
abanemandi (active indicative plural third-person)
abanemain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
abanemandau (active imperative plural third-person)
abanemandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
abanemaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
abanam (active first-person indicative singular)
abanēmį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
abanamt (active indicative second-person singular)
abanēmīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
abanam (active indicative singular third-person)
abanēmī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
abanēmū (active dual first-person indicative)
abanēmīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
abanēmudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
abanēmīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
abanēmum (active first-person indicative plural)
abanēmīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
abanēmud (active indicative plural second-person)
abanēmīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
abanēmun (active indicative plural third-person)
abanēmīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
abanemandz (active participle present)
abanumanaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *abaneman
Old Dutch: *avaneman
Middle Dutch: avenemen, afnemen
Dutch: afnemen
Old High German: abaneman
Middle High German: abenemen, abnemen, abe nemen
German: abnehmen

Old Norse: afnema

Icelandic: afnema

Gothic: 𐌰𐍆𐌽𐌹𐌼𐌰𐌽 (afniman)


uzgebaną

uzgebō (active first-person indicative singular)
uzgebaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
uzgebai (first-person indicative passive singular)
uzgibizi (active indicative second-person singular)
uzgebaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
uzgeb (active imperative second-person singular)
uzgebazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
uzgebaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
uzgibidi (active indicative singular third-person)
uzgebai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
uzgebadau (active imperative singular third-person)
uzgebadai (indicative passive singular third-person)
uzgebaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
uzgebōz (active dual first-person indicative)
uzgebaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
uzgebadiz (active dual indicative second-person)
uzgebaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
uzgebadiz (active dual imperative second-person)
uzgebamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
uzgebaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
uzgebandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
uzgebaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
uzgibid (active indicative plural second-person)
uzgebaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
uzgibid (active imperative plural second-person)
uzgebandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
uzgebaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
uzgebandi (active indicative plural third-person)
uzgebain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
uzgebandau (active imperative plural third-person)
uzgebandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
uzgebaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
uzgab (active first-person indicative singular)
uzgēbį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
uzgaft (active indicative second-person singular)
uzgēbīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
uzgab (active indicative singular third-person)
uzgēbī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
uzgēbū (active dual first-person indicative)
uzgēbīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
uzgēbudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
uzgēbīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
uzgēbum (active first-person indicative plural)
uzgēbīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
uzgēbud (active indicative plural second-person)
uzgēbīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
uzgēbun (active indicative plural third-person)
uzgēbīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
uzgebandz (active participle present)
uzgebanaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *uʀgeban
Old English: āġiefan, āġeofan — Non-West Saxon, āġifan — West Saxon, āġyfan — Late West Saxon
Middle English: ayefen, ayeven
English: agive
Old Saxon: agevan
Old High German: irgeban
Middle High German: ergëben
German: ergeben

Gothic: 𐌿𐍃𐌲𐌹𐌱𐌰𐌽 (usgiban)


abagebaną

abagebō (active first-person indicative singular)
abagebaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
abagebai (first-person indicative passive singular)
abagibizi (active indicative second-person singular)
abagebaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
abageb (active imperative second-person singular)
abagebazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
abagebaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
abagibidi (active indicative singular third-person)
abagebai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
abagebadau (active imperative singular third-person)
abagebadai (indicative passive singular third-person)
abagebaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
abagebōz (active dual first-person indicative)
abagebaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
abagebadiz (active dual indicative second-person)
abagebaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
abagebadiz (active dual imperative second-person)
abagebamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
abagebaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
abagebandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
abagebaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
abagibid (active indicative plural second-person)
abagebaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
abagibid (active imperative plural second-person)
abagebandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
abagebaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
abagebandi (active indicative plural third-person)
abagebain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
abagebandau (active imperative plural third-person)
abagebandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
abagebaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
abagab (active first-person indicative singular)
abagēbį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
abagaft (active indicative second-person singular)
abagēbīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
abagab (active indicative singular third-person)
abagēbī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
abagēbū (active dual first-person indicative)
abagēbīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
abagēbudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
abagēbīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
abagēbum (active first-person indicative plural)
abagēbīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
abagēbud (active indicative plural second-person)
abagēbīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
abagēbun (active indicative plural third-person)
abagēbīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
abagebandz (active participle present)
abagebanaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *abageban
Old English: ofġifan
Old Saxon: afgevan
Middle Low German: afgēven
German Low German: ofgeven
Old Dutch: *afgevan, *avagevan
Middle Dutch: āvegēven
Dutch: afgeven
Afrikaans: afgee
Old High German: abageban
Middle High German: *abegeben, *abgeben
German: abgeben
Luxembourgish: ofginn

Gothic: 𐌰𐍆𐌲𐌹𐌱𐌰𐌽 (afgiban)

/ˌɑ.βɑ.ˈɣe.βɑ.nɑ̃/


atgebaną

atgebō (active first-person indicative singular)
atgebaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
atgebai (first-person indicative passive singular)
atgibizi (active indicative second-person singular)
atgebaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
atgeb (active imperative second-person singular)
atgebazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
atgebaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
atgibidi (active indicative singular third-person)
atgebai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
atgebadau (active imperative singular third-person)
atgebadai (indicative passive singular third-person)
atgebaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
atgebōz (active dual first-person indicative)
atgebaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
atgebadiz (active dual indicative second-person)
atgebaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
atgebadiz (active dual imperative second-person)
atgebamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
atgebaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
atgebandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
atgebaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
atgibid (active indicative plural second-person)
atgebaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
atgibid (active imperative plural second-person)
atgebandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
atgebaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
atgebandi (active indicative plural third-person)
atgebain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
atgebandau (active imperative plural third-person)
atgebandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
atgebaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
atgab (active first-person indicative singular)
atgēbį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
atgaft (active indicative second-person singular)
atgēbīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
atgab (active indicative singular third-person)
atgēbī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
atgēbū (active dual first-person indicative)
atgēbīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
atgēbudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
atgēbīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
atgēbum (active first-person indicative plural)
atgēbīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
atgēbud (active indicative plural second-person)
atgēbīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
atgēbun (active indicative plural third-person)
atgēbīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
atgebandz (active participle present)
atgebanaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *atgeban

Old English: ætġifan

Gothic: 𐌰𐍄𐌲𐌹𐌱𐌰𐌽 (atgiban)

/ˌɑt.ˈɣe.βɑ.nɑ̃/


rīpaną

rīpō (active first-person indicative singular)
rīpaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
rīpai (first-person indicative passive singular)
rīpizi (active indicative second-person singular)
rīpaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
rīp (active imperative second-person singular)
rīpazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
rīpaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
rīpidi (active indicative singular third-person)
rīpai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
rīpadau (active imperative singular third-person)
rīpadai (indicative passive singular third-person)
rīpaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
rīpōz (active dual first-person indicative)
rīpaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
rīpadiz (active dual indicative second-person)
rīpaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
rīpadiz (active dual imperative second-person)
rīpamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
rīpaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
rīpandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
rīpaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
rīpid (active indicative plural second-person)
rīpaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
rīpid (active imperative plural second-person)
rīpandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
rīpaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
rīpandi (active indicative plural third-person)
rīpain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
rīpandau (active imperative plural third-person)
rīpandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
rīpaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
raip (active first-person indicative singular)
ripį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
raift (active indicative second-person singular)
ripīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
raip (active indicative singular third-person)
ripī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
ripū (active dual first-person indicative)
ripīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
ripudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
ripīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
ripum (active first-person indicative plural)
ripīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
ripud (active indicative plural second-person)
ripīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
ripun (active indicative plural third-person)
ripīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
rīpandz (active participle present)
ripanaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *rīpan
Old English: rīpan
Middle English: ripen

Old Norse: *rípa

Norwegian: ripa (dialectal)

From Proto-Indo-European *h₁reyp- (“to tear”).


agjōną

agjō (active first-person indicative singular)
agjǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
agjōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
agjōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
agjōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
agjō (active imperative second-person singular)
agjōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
agjōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
agjōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
agjō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
agjōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
agjōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
agjōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
agjōs (active dual first-person indicative)
agjōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
agjōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
agjōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
agjōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
agjōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
agjōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
agjōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
agjōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
agjōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
agjōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
agjōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
agjōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
agjōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
agjōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
agjōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
agjōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
agjōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
agjōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
agjōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
agjōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
agjōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
agjōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
agjōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
agjōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
agjōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
agjōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
agjōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
agjōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
agjōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
agjōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
agjōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
agjōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
agjōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
agjōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
agjōndz (active participle present)
agjōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *aggjōn
Old English: eggian
Middle English: eggen (Likely merged with the descendant of *aggjan)
English: edge
Old Frisian: eggia
Old Dutch: *eggon (and / or from *aggjan)
Middle Dutch: eggen
Dutch: eggen
Afrikaans: eg

Old Norse: eggja

Icelandic: eggja

Faroese: eggja


girnijaną

girnijō (active first-person indicative singular)
girnijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
girnijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
girnīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
girnijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
girnī (active imperative second-person singular)
girnijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
girnijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
girnīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
girnijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
girnijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
girnijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
girnijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
girnijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
girnijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
girnijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
girnijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
girnijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
girnijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
girnijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
girnijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
girnijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
girnīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
girnijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
girnīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
girnijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
girnijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
girnijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
girnijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
girnijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
girnijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
girnijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
girnidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
girnidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
girnidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
girnidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
girnidē (active indicative singular third-person)
girnidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
girnidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
girnidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
girnidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
girnidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
girnidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
girnidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
girnidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
girnidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
girnidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
girnidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
girnijandz (active participle present)
girnidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *girnijan
Old English: giernan
Middle English: yernen
English: yearn
Old Saxon: girnian

Old Norse: girna

Icelandic: girna

Faroese: girnast

Gothic: 𐌲𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌽𐌾𐌰𐌽 (gairnjan)

From *gernaz (“eager, willing”) + *-janą.


frumjaną

frumjō (active first-person indicative singular)
frumjaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
frumjai (first-person indicative passive singular)
frumisi (active indicative second-person singular)
frumjais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
frumi (active imperative second-person singular)
frumjasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
frumjaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
frumiþi (active indicative singular third-person)
frumjai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
frumjaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
frumjaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
frumjaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
frumjōs (active dual first-person indicative)
frumjaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
frumjaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
frumjaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
frumjaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
frumjamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
frumjaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
frumjanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
frumjainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
frumiþ (active indicative plural second-person)
frumjaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
frumiþ (active imperative plural second-person)
frumjanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
frumjainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
frumjanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
frumjain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
frumjanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
frumjanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
frumjainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
frumidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
frumidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
frumidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
frumidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
frumidē (active indicative singular third-person)
frumidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
frumidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
frumidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
frumidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
frumidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
frumidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
frumidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
frumidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
frumidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
frumidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
frumidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
frumjandz (active participle present)
frumidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *frummjan

Old Saxon: frummian

Middle Low German: vromen

Old High German: frummen

Middle High German: vrümen, vrumen, vromen

German: frommen

→ Catalan: fornir

→ Old French: fornir, furnir; /parfornir, parfurnir

French: fournir
→ German: furnieren

→ Middle English: furnysshen; performen, parfournen

English: furnish; perform

→ Italian: fornire

→ Piedmontese: fornì

Gothic: *𐍆𐍂𐌿𐌼𐌾𐌰𐌽 (*frumjan)

→ Vulgar Latin: frummiare

From *fram (“from”), from Proto-Indo-European *pr-, *pro-, *perəm-, *prom- (“forth, forward”), from *por- (“forward, through”), *per-, with suffix *-janą. More at English furnish, from.


glaidijaną

glaidijō (active first-person indicative singular)
glaidijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
glaidijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
glaidīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
glaidijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
glaidī (active imperative second-person singular)
glaidijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
glaidijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
glaidīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
glaidijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
glaidijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
glaidijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
glaidijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
glaidijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
glaidijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
glaidijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
glaidijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
glaidijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
glaidijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
glaidijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
glaidijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
glaidijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
glaidīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
glaidijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
glaidīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
glaidijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
glaidijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
glaidijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
glaidijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
glaidijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
glaidijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
glaidijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
glaididǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
glaididēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
glaididēz (active indicative second-person singular)
glaididēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
glaididē (active indicative singular third-person)
glaididēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
glaididēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
glaididēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
glaididēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
glaididēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
glaididēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
glaididēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
glaididēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
glaididēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
glaididēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
glaididēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
glaidijandz (active participle present)
glaididaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Old English: glǣdan

Old Saxon: glēdian


fermōną

fermō (active first-person indicative singular)
fermǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
fermōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
fermōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
fermōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
fermō (active imperative second-person singular)
fermōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
fermōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
fermōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
fermō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
fermōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
fermōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
fermōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
fermōs (active dual first-person indicative)
fermōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
fermōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
fermōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
fermōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
fermōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
fermōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
fermōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
fermōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
fermōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
fermōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
fermōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
fermōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
fermōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
fermōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
fermōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
fermōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
fermōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
fermōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
fermōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
fermōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
fermōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
fermōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
fermōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
fermōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
fermōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
fermōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
fermōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
fermōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
fermōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
fermōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
fermōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
fermōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
fermōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
fermōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
fermōndz (active participle present)
fermōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *fermōn

Old English: feormian

Old Frisian: fermia

Old Saxon: formon

Old High German: firmōn

Old Norse: ferma

Icelandic: ferma

From *fermō (“means of living, subsistence”) + *-ōną.


markōną

markō (active first-person indicative singular)
markǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
markōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
markōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
markōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
markō (active imperative second-person singular)
markōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
markōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
markōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
markō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
markōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
markōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
markōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
markōs (active dual first-person indicative)
markōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
markōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
markōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
markōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
markōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
markōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
markōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
markōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
markōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
markōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
markōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
markōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
markōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
markōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
markōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
markōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
markōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
markōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
markōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
markōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
markōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
markōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
markōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
markōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
markōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
markōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
markōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
markōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
markōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
markōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
markōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
markōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
markōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
markōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
markōndz (active participle present)
markōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *markōn
Old English: mearcian
Middle English: marken, merken
English: mark
Old Frisian: merkia
Old Saxon: markon
Middle Low German: marken
Old High German: markōn
Middle High German: marken
German: merken
→ Old French: marchier
Middle French: marcher
French: marcher
→ Middle English: marchen
English: march
Norman: marchi (Jersey, continental Normandy), marchier (Guernsey)
→ Italian: marciare

Old Norse: marka

Icelandic: marka

From *marką (“mark, sign, stamp”) + *-ōną.


biþankijaną

biþankijō (active first-person indicative singular)
biþankijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
biþankijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
biþankīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
biþankijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
biþankī (active imperative second-person singular)
biþankijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
biþankijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
biþankīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
biþankijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
biþankijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
biþankijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
biþankijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
biþankijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
biþankijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
biþankijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
biþankijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
biþankijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
biþankijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
biþankijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
biþankijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
biþankijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
biþankīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
biþankijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
biþankīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
biþankijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
biþankijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
biþankijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
biþankijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
biþankijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
biþankijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
biþankijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
biþanhtǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
biþanhtēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
biþanhtēz (active indicative second-person singular)
biþanhtēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
biþanhtē (active indicative singular third-person)
biþanhtēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
biþanhtēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
biþanhtēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
biþanhtēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
biþanhtēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
biþanhtēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
biþanhtēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
biþanhtēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
biþanhtēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
biþanhtēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
biþanhtēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
biþankijandz (active participle present)
biþankidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *biþankijan

Old English: beþenċan, biþenċan

Middle English: bithenchen, bethenken

English: bethink

Old Frisian: bithanka

Old Dutch: *bithenkon, *bithenkan

Middle Dutch: bedenken

Dutch: bedenken

Old High German: pidenchan

Middle High German: bedenken

German: bedenken

Gothic: 𐌱𐌹𐌸𐌰𐌲𐌺𐌾𐌰𐌽 (biþagkjan)


bisitjaną

bisitjō (active first-person indicative singular)
bisitjaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
bisitjai (first-person indicative passive singular)
bisitisi (active indicative second-person singular)
bisitjais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
bisiti (active imperative second-person singular)
bisitjasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
bisitjaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
bisitiþi (active indicative singular third-person)
bisitjai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
bisitjaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
bisitjaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
bisitjaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
bisitjōs (active dual first-person indicative)
bisitjaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
bisitjaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
bisitjaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
bisitjaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
bisitjamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
bisitjaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
bisitjanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
bisitjainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
bisitiþ (active indicative plural second-person)
bisitjaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
bisitiþ (active imperative plural second-person)
bisitjanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
bisitjainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
bisitjanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
bisitjain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
bisitjanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
bisitjanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
bisitjainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
bisat (active first-person indicative singular)
bisētį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
bisast (active indicative second-person singular)
bisētīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
bisat (active indicative singular third-person)
bisētī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
bisētū (active dual first-person indicative)
bisētīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
bisētudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
bisētīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
bisētum (active first-person indicative plural)
bisētīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
bisētud (active indicative plural second-person)
bisētīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
bisētun (active indicative plural third-person)
bisētīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
bisitjandz (active participle present)
bisetanaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *bisittjan
Old English: besittan
Middle English: besitten
English: besit
Old Saxon: besittian
Middle Low German: besitten
→ Danish: besidde
→ Norwegian Bokmål: besitte
→ Swedish: besitta
Old Dutch: *besitten
Middle Dutch: besitten
Dutch: bezitten
Afrikaans: besit
Old High German: bisizzen
Middle High German: besitzen
German: besitzen

Gothic: 𐌱𐌹𐍃𐌹𐍄𐌰𐌽 (bisitan)


mōtōną

mōtō (active first-person indicative singular)
mōtǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
mōtōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
mōtōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
mōtōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
mōtō (active imperative second-person singular)
mōtōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
mōtōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
mōtōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
mōtō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
mōtōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
mōtōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
mōtōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
mōtōs (active dual first-person indicative)
mōtōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
mōtōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
mōtōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
mōtōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
mōtōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
mōtōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
mōtōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
mōtōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
mōtōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
mōtōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
mōtōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
mōtōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
mōtōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
mōtōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
mōtōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
mōtōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
mōtōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
mōtōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
mōtōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
mōtōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
mōtōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
mōtōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
mōtōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
mōtōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
mōtōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
mōtōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
mōtōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
mōtōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
mōtōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
mōtōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
mōtōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
mōtōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
mōtōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
mōtōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
mōtōndz (active participle present)
mōtōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *mōtōn
Old Frisian:
West Frisian: moezje
Old High German: muozōn
Middle High German: muozen
→ Vulgar Latin: *musō, *amusō (see there for further descendants)

From Proto-Indo-European *med- (“to measure”). Equivalent to *mōtǭ (“leisure, idleness, opportunity”) + *-ōną, (compare German Muße (“leisure”)).