skutōną

skutō (active first-person indicative singular)
skutǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
skutōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
skutōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
skutōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
skutō (active imperative second-person singular)
skutōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
skutōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
skutōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
skutō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
skutōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
skutōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
skutōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
skutōs (active dual first-person indicative)
skutōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
skutōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
skutōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
skutōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
skutōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
skutōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
skutōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
skutōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
skutōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
skutōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
skutōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
skutōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
skutōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
skutōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
skutōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
skutōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
skutōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
skutōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
skutōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
skutōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
skutōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
skutōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
skutōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
skutōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
skutōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
skutōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
skutōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
skutōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
skutōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
skutōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
skutōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
skutōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
skutōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
skutōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
skutōndz (active participle present)
skutōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *skotōn

Old English: sċotian, sċeotian
Middle English: shotien, shoten
⇒ Middle English: forshoten (past participle)

Old Saxon: skotōn

Middle Low German: schōten

Old Dutch: *skotōn

Middle Dutch: schoten

Old High German: skozzōn, scozzōn

Middle High German: schozzen

German: schoßen

Old Norse: skota

Icelandic: skota


smaitijaną

smaitijō (active first-person indicative singular)
smaitijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
smaitijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
smaitīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
smaitijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
smaitī (active imperative second-person singular)
smaitijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
smaitijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
smaitīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
smaitijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
smaitijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
smaitijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
smaitijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
smaitijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
smaitijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
smaitijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
smaitijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
smaitijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
smaitijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
smaitijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
smaitijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
smaitijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
smaitīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
smaitijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
smaitīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
smaitijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
smaitijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
smaitijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
smaitijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
smaitijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
smaitijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
smaitijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
smaitidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
smaitidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
smaitidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
smaitidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
smaitidē (active indicative singular third-person)
smaitidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
smaitidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
smaitidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
smaitidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
smaitidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
smaitidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
smaitidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
smaitidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
smaitidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
smaitidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
smaitidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
smaitijandz (active participle present)
smaitidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *smaitijan

Old High German: *smeizen

Middle High German: smeizen

⇒ Old High German: bismeizen

Old Norse: *smeita

Faroese: smeitast

Norwegian Nynorsk: smeita, smeite

From *smītaną (“to cast, hit, smear”) + *-janą.


werganą

Middle High German: *wergen (in erwergen (“to strangle”))

From Proto-Indo-European *wérǵʰ-e-, from *werǵʰ- (“to bind, squeeze”). Cognate with Lithuanian ver̃žti (“to tighten, string”), Proto-Slavic *povorzъ (“cord, rope”), as well as perhaps Albanian vjerdh (“to instill, bring close”), Latin urgeō (“to press, push”).


stukkōną

stukkō (active first-person indicative singular)
stukkǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
stukkōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
stukkōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
stukkōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
stukkō (active imperative second-person singular)
stukkōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
stukkōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
stukkōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
stukkō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
stukkōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
stukkōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
stukkōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
stukkōs (active dual first-person indicative)
stukkōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
stukkōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
stukkōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
stukkōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
stukkōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
stukkōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
stukkōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
stukkōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
stukkōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
stukkōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
stukkōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
stukkōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
stukkōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
stukkōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
stukkōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
stukkōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
stukkōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
stukkōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
stukkōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
stukkōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
stukkōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
stukkōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
stukkōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
stukkōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
stukkōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
stukkōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
stukkōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
stukkōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
stukkōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
stukkōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
stukkōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
stukkōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
stukkōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
stukkōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
stukkōndz (active participle present)
stukkōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Dutch: stokken

German: stocken

An apparent iterative to *stikaną (“to stick”), with analogical *-u- from the zero-grade in other words. The semantic shift from "stick" to "stop" may be via "to stick" > "to stick many things into one place and get said place stuck" > "to be stuck, stopped" > "to stop". Piecewise doublet of *stikkōną.


brējaną

Proto-West Germanic: *brājan

Middle Dutch: bræyen (“to roast”)

Middle High German: bræjen (“to smell”)

Crimean Gothic: breen

Uncertain, through traditionally connected to Proto-Indo-European *bʰrewh₁- (“to boil, brew, seethe, cook”) and compared with Sanskrit भुरति (bhuráti, “to quiver, stir”), Ancient Greek πορφῡ́ρω (porphū́rō, “to heave, surge up”), Latin fretum (“strait; turmoil”), ferveō (“to seethe, burn”). Said root has apparently been constructed in earlier times as *bʰrē- (“waft, breeze; haze”).


ahtilōną

ahtilō (active first-person indicative singular)
ahtilǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
ahtilōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
ahtilōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
ahtilōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
ahtilō (active imperative second-person singular)
ahtilōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
ahtilōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
ahtilōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
ahtilō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
ahtilōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
ahtilōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
ahtilōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
ahtilōs (active dual first-person indicative)
ahtilōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
ahtilōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
ahtilōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
ahtilōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
ahtilōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
ahtilōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
ahtilōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
ahtilōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
ahtilōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
ahtilōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
ahtilōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
ahtilōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
ahtilōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
ahtilōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
ahtilōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
ahtilōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
ahtilōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
ahtilōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
ahtilōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
ahtilōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
ahtilōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
ahtilōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
ahtilōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
ahtilōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
ahtilōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
ahtilōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
ahtilōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
ahtilōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
ahtilōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
ahtilōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
ahtilōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
ahtilōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
ahtilōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
ahtilōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
ahtilōndz (active participle present)
ahtilōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Old Norse: ætla

Icelandic: ætla

Faroese: ætla

From *ahtō (“consideration, attention”) (whence Proto-West Germanic *ahtu (“idem”)) + *-lōną (“frequentative verbal suffix”).


krammijaną

krammijō (active first-person indicative singular)
krammijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
krammijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
krammīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
krammijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
krammī (active imperative second-person singular)
krammijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
krammijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
krammīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
krammijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
krammijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
krammijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
krammijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
krammijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
krammijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
krammijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
krammijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
krammijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
krammijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
krammijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
krammijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
krammijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
krammīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
krammijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
krammīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
krammijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
krammijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
krammijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
krammijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
krammijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
krammijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
krammijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
krammidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
krammidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
krammidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
krammidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
krammidē (active indicative singular third-person)
krammidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
krammidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
krammidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
krammidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
krammidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
krammidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
krammidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
krammidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
krammidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
krammidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
krammidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
krammijandz (active participle present)
krammidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Old Norse: kremja

Icelandic: kremja

From *krimmaną (“to push, squeeze”) + *-janą (“causative suffix”).


knikkōną

knikkō (active first-person indicative singular)
knikkǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
knikkōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
knikkōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
knikkōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
knikkō (active imperative second-person singular)
knikkōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
knikkōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
knikkōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
knikkō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
knikkōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
knikkōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
knikkōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
knikkōs (active dual first-person indicative)
knikkōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
knikkōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
knikkōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
knikkōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
knikkōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
knikkōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
knikkōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
knikkōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
knikkōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
knikkōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
knikkōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
knikkōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
knikkōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
knikkōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
knikkōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
knikkōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
knikkōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
knikkōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
knikkōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
knikkōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
knikkōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
knikkōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
knikkōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
knikkōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
knikkōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
knikkōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
knikkōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
knikkōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
knikkōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
knikkōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
knikkōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
knikkōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
knikkōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
knikkōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
knikkōndz (active participle present)
knikkōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic:

Old Dutch:

Middle Dutch: cnicken (“to snap”)

Dutch: knikken (“to nod, kink”)

Afrikaans: knik

Old High German:

Middle High German:

German: knicken (“to snap, bend”)

Old Norse:

Norwegian: knikka (“to kneel”)

From a morphologically obscure formation related to *knewą (“knee”) + *-lōną (“frequentative verbal suffix”), perhaps reinforced by sound-symbolism.


hwurbōną

hwurbō (active first-person indicative singular)
hwurbǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
hwurbōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
hwurbōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
hwurbōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
hwurbō (active imperative second-person singular)
hwurbōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
hwurbōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
hwurbōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
hwurbō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
hwurbōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
hwurbōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
hwurbōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
hwurbōs (active dual first-person indicative)
hwurbōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
hwurbōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
hwurbōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
hwurbōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
hwurbōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
hwurbōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
hwurbōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
hwurbōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
hwurbōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
hwurbōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
hwurbōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
hwurbōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
hwurbōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
hwurbōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
hwurbōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
hwurbōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
hwurbōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
hwurbōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
hwurbōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
hwurbōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
hwurbōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
hwurbōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
hwurbōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
hwurbōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
hwurbōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
hwurbōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
hwurbōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
hwurbōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
hwurbōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
hwurbōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
hwurbōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
hwurbōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
hwurbōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
hwurbōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
hwurbōndz (active participle present)
hwurbōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Old Norse: horfa
Icelandic: horfa
Faroese: horva
Norwegian Nynorsk: horva

(North Germanic) to look a certain way, have a certain appearance


stappōną

stappō (active first-person indicative singular)
stappǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
stappōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
stappōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
stappōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
stappō (active imperative second-person singular)
stappōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
stappōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
stappōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
stappō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
stappōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
stappōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
stappōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
stappōs (active dual first-person indicative)
stappōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
stappōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
stappōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
stappōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
stappōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
stappōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
stappōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
stappōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
stappōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
stappōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
stappōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
stappōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
stappōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
stappōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
stappōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
stappōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
stappōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
stappōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
stappōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
stappōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
stappōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
stappōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
stappōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
stappōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
stappōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
stappōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
stappōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
stappōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
stappōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
stappōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
stappōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
stappōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
stappōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
stappōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
stappōndz (active participle present)
stappōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *stappōn
Old Dutch:
Middle Dutch:
Dutch: stappen
Old High German: stapfōn
Middle High German: stapfen, stappen, staben
German: stapfen

Old Norse:

Norwegian: stabba (“to stumble”)

Apparently from a Proto-Indo-European *(s)tep- (“to step”), and cognate with Proto-Slavic *stōpà (“foot, footstep”), *stepenь (“level”) (whence Serbo-Croatian stȅpēn (“level, degree”)), Lithuanian stapýti (“to stay put”). Whether a relation to Proto-Indo-European *stebʰ- (“to stand still, harden, support”) exists is unclear.


glēsijaną

glēsijō (active first-person indicative singular)
glēsijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
glēsijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
glēsīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
glēsijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
glēsī (active imperative second-person singular)
glēsijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
glēsijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
glēsīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
glēsijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
glēsijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
glēsijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
glēsijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
glēsijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
glēsijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
glēsijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
glēsijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
glēsijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
glēsijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
glēsijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
glēsijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
glēsijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
glēsīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
glēsijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
glēsīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
glēsijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
glēsijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
glēsijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
glēsijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
glēsijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
glēsijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
glēsijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
glēsidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
glēsidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
glēsidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
glēsidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
glēsidē (active indicative singular third-person)
glēsidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
glēsidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
glēsidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
glēsidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
glēsidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
glēsidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
glēsidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
glēsidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
glēsidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
glēsidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
glēsidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
glēsijandz (active participle present)
glēsidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Old Norse: glæsa
Faroese: glæsa
Icelandic: glæsa
Norwegian: gløsa

From a formation related to either *glasą (“amber, glass”) or *gladaz (“shining, bright, glossy”) + *-janą (though both terms are suspected to trace back to the same ultimate root). See also Proto-West Germanic *glāʀōn (“to shine, glare”).

cog

(transitive) to shine, make shiny (like glass)


gamōtijaną

gamōtijō (active first-person indicative singular)
gamōtijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
gamōtijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
gamōtīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
gamōtijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
gamōtī (active imperative second-person singular)
gamōtijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
gamōtijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
gamōtīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
gamōtijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
gamōtijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
gamōtijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
gamōtijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
gamōtijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
gamōtijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
gamōtijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
gamōtijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
gamōtijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
gamōtijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
gamōtijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
gamōtijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
gamōtijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
gamōtīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
gamōtijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
gamōtīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
gamōtijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
gamōtijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
gamōtijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
gamōtijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
gamōtijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
gamōtijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
gamōtijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
gamōtidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
gamōtidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
gamōtidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
gamōtidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
gamōtidē (active indicative singular third-person)
gamōtidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
gamōtidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
gamōtidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
gamōtidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
gamōtidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
gamōtidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
gamōtidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
gamōtidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
gamōtidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
gamōtidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
gamōtidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
gamōtijandz (active participle present)
gamōtidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *gamōtijan

Old English: ġemētan

Gothic: 𐌲𐌰𐌼𐍉𐍄𐌾𐌰𐌽 (gamōtjan)


tabōną

tabō (active first-person indicative singular)
tabǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
tabōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
tabōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
tabōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
tabō (active imperative second-person singular)
tabōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
tabōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
tabōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
tabō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
tabōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
tabōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
tabōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
tabōs (active dual first-person indicative)
tabōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
tabōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
tabōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
tabōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
tabōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
tabōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
tabōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
tabōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
tabōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
tabōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
tabōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
tabōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
tabōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
tabōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
tabōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
tabōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
tabōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
tabōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
tabōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
tabōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
tabōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
tabōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
tabōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
tabōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
tabōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
tabōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
tabōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
tabōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
tabōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
tabōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
tabōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
tabōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
tabōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
tabōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
tabōndz (active participle present)
tabōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *tabōn

desc

⇒ Proto-West Germanic: *tabulōn, *tablōn

Old Saxon: *tavalōn, *tabbalōn

>? Middle Low German: tappelen

>? German Low German: tappeln

Old High German: zabalōn

Middle High German: zabelen, zabeln, zaplen, zappelen

German: zabeln, zappeln

Old Norse: *tafa

Faroese: tava

Norwegian Nynorsk: tava

→ Middle English: taven

English: tave


gumbōną

gumbō (active first-person indicative singular)
gumbǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
gumbōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
gumbōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
gumbōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
gumbō (active imperative second-person singular)
gumbōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
gumbōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
gumbōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
gumbō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
gumbōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
gumbōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
gumbōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
gumbōs (active dual first-person indicative)
gumbōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
gumbōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
gumbōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
gumbōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
gumbōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
gumbōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
gumbōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
gumbōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
gumbōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
gumbōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
gumbōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
gumbōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
gumbōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
gumbōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
gumbōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
gumbōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
gumbōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
gumbōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
gumbōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
gumbōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
gumbōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
gumbōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
gumbōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
gumbōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
gumbōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
gumbōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
gumbōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
gumbōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
gumbōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
gumbōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
gumbōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
gumbōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
gumbōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
gumbōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
gumbōndz (active participle present)
gumbōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)
*gumpōną (alternative)

Proto-West Germanic: *gumbōn, *gumpōn

Old English: *gumbian, *gumpian

gl

>? Middle English: jumpen (alternatively, ultimately from *gimbaną or *gumpijaną)

English: jump

Scots: jimp

desc

⇒ Middle English: jumbren, jumpren, jumbelen

English: jumble

Scots: jummle

Old High German: *gumbōn, *gumpōn

>? Middle High German: gumpen

Alemannic German: gumpe

German: gumpen

→ German Low German: jumpen

Old Norse: *gumpa, *guppa

Icelandic: goppa

Faroese: gumpa, gúppa

Old Danish: gumpe

Danish: gumpe

Swedish: (dialectal) gumpa, guppa

⇒ Old Norse: gopta (< *gumbatjaną)

From Proto-Indo-European *gʷʰemb- (“to hop, jump”).

der

to cause to hop, skip, or bounce; to jolt, push, shove


hreuþaną

hreuþō (active first-person indicative singular)
hreuþaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
hreuþai (first-person indicative passive singular)
hriuþizi (active indicative second-person singular)
hreuþaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
hreuþ (active imperative second-person singular)
hreuþazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
hreuþaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
hriuþidi (active indicative singular third-person)
hreuþai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
hreuþadau (active imperative singular third-person)
hreuþadai (indicative passive singular third-person)
hreuþaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
hreuþōz (active dual first-person indicative)
hreuþaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
hreuþadiz (active dual indicative second-person)
hreuþaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
hreuþadiz (active dual imperative second-person)
hreuþamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
hreuþaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
hreuþandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
hreuþaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
hriuþid (active indicative plural second-person)
hreuþaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
hriuþid (active imperative plural second-person)
hreuþandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
hreuþaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
hreuþandi (active indicative plural third-person)
hreuþain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
hreuþandau (active imperative plural third-person)
hreuþandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
hreuþaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
hrauþ (active first-person indicative singular)
hrudį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
hraust (active indicative second-person singular)
hrudīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
hrauþ (active indicative singular third-person)
hrudī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
hrudū (active dual first-person indicative)
hrudīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
hrududiz (active dual indicative second-person)
hrudīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
hrudum (active first-person indicative plural)
hrudīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
hrudud (active indicative plural second-person)
hrudīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
hrudun (active indicative plural third-person)
hrudīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
hreuþandz (active participle present)
hrudanaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Old Norse: hrjóða

Icelandic: hrjóða

Faroese: rjóða

Uncertain. Perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *(s)ker- (“to cut”).

⇒? Old English: hrydingMiddle English: rudyng

ryðja

merged with descendant of Proto-Germanic *rudjaną


klaiþijaną

klaiþijō (active first-person indicative singular)
klaiþijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
klaiþijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
klaiþīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
klaiþijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
klaiþī (active imperative second-person singular)
klaiþijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
klaiþijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
klaiþīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
klaiþijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
klaiþijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
klaiþijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
klaiþijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
klaiþijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
klaiþijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
klaiþijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
klaiþijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
klaiþijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
klaiþijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
klaiþijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
klaiþijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
klaiþijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
klaiþīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
klaiþijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
klaiþīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
klaiþijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
klaiþijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
klaiþijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
klaiþijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
klaiþijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
klaiþijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
klaiþijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
klaiþidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
klaiþidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
klaiþidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
klaiþidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
klaiþidē (active indicative singular third-person)
klaiþidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
klaiþidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
klaiþidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
klaiþidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
klaiþidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
klaiþidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
klaiþidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
klaiþidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
klaiþidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
klaiþidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
klaiþidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
klaiþijandz (active participle present)
klaiþidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *klaiþijan

desctree

Old English: clǣþan
Middle English: clethen
English: clead
Scots: cleid, cleed

gl

merged with descendant of Proto-West Germanic <i class="Latn mention" lang="gmw-pro">*klaiþōn</i>

Old Saxon: *klēthian (merged with descendant of Proto-West Germanic *klaiþōn)

Middle Low German: klêden, kleiden

German Low German: kleden

Old Dutch: *klēthen, *kleithen

Middle Dutch: cleden, cleiden (merged with descendant of Proto-West Germanic *klaiþōn)

Dutch: kleden

Afrikaans: klee

⇒ Old Dutch: anakleiden

Old High German: *kleiden

Middle High German: kleiden (merged with descendant of Proto-West Germanic *klaiþōn)

German: kleiden

Old Norse: klæða

Icelandic: klæða

Faroese: klæða

Norwegian Nynorsk: kleda, kle

Norwegian Bokmål: klæde, klede

Old Swedish: klæþa

Swedish: kläda

Danish: klæde

From Proto-Indo-European *gley- (“to stick, cling to”), equivalent to *klaiþą + *-janą.


teldōną

teldō (active first-person indicative singular)
teldǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
teldōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
teldōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
teldōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
teldō (active imperative second-person singular)
teldōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
teldōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
teldōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
teldō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
teldōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
teldōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
teldōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
teldōs (active dual first-person indicative)
teldōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
teldōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
teldōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
teldōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
teldōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
teldōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
teldōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
teldōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
teldōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
teldōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
teldōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
teldōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
teldōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
teldōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
teldōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
teldōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
teldōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
teldōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
teldōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
teldōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
teldōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
teldōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
teldōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
teldōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
teldōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
teldōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
teldōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
teldōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
teldōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
teldōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
teldōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
teldōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
teldōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
teldōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
teldōndz (active participle present)
teldōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *teldōn

desctree

Old English: teldian
Middle English: telden
English: teld, tilt
Scots: tyld, tild

Old Frisian: *teltia

Saterland Frisian: tältje

Old Saxon: *teldōn

Middle Low German: telden, telten

German Low German: telten

Old High German: *zeltōn

Middle High German: *zelten

German: zelten

→ Saterland Frisian: tsältje

desc

⇒ Middle High German: bezelten (“to provide with a tent or cover”)

desctree

Old Norse: tjalda
Icelandic: tjalda
Faroese: tjalda
Norwegian Nynorsk: tjelda, tjelde
Old Swedish: tiälda
Swedish: (dialectal) tjälda, tjälla; tälta


ēt

first/third-person singular past indicative of *etaną