hwēsijaną

hwēsijō (active first-person indicative singular)
hwēsijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
hwēsijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
hwēsīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
hwēsijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
hwēsī (active imperative second-person singular)
hwēsijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
hwēsijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
hwēsīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
hwēsijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
hwēsijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
hwēsijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
hwēsijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
hwēsijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
hwēsijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
hwēsijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
hwēsijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
hwēsijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
hwēsijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
hwēsijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
hwēsijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
hwēsijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
hwēsīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
hwēsijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
hwēsīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
hwēsijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
hwēsijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
hwēsijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
hwēsijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
hwēsijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
hwēsijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
hwēsijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
hwēsidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
hwēsidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
hwēsidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
hwēsidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
hwēsidē (active indicative singular third-person)
hwēsidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
hwēsidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
hwēsidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
hwēsidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
hwēsidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
hwēsidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
hwēsidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
hwēsidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
hwēsidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
hwēsidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
hwēsidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
hwēsijandz (active participle present)
hwēsidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Old Norse: hvæsa
Icelandic: hvæsa
Faroese: hvæsa
Norwegian Nynorsk: kvæsa, kvesa; (dialectal) gvæse, væse
Elfdalian: węsa
Swedish: väsa, (older) hväsa
Danish: hvæse
Norwegian Bokmål: hvese
→ Middle English: whesen
English: wheeze


hwassijaną

hwassijō (active first-person indicative singular)
hwassijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
hwassijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
hwassīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
hwassijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
hwassī (active imperative second-person singular)
hwassijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
hwassijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
hwassīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
hwassijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
hwassijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
hwassijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
hwassijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
hwassijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
hwassijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
hwassijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
hwassijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
hwassijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
hwassijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
hwassijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
hwassijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
hwassijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
hwassīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
hwassijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
hwassīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
hwassijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
hwassijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
hwassijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
hwassijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
hwassijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
hwassijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
hwassijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
hwassidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
hwassidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
hwassidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
hwassidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
hwassidē (active indicative singular third-person)
hwassidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
hwassidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
hwassidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
hwassidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
hwassidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
hwassidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
hwassidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
hwassidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
hwassidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
hwassidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
hwassidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
hwassijandz (active participle present)
hwassidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Old Norse: hvessa
Icelandic: hvessa
Norwegian Nynorsk: kvesse
Norwegian Bokmål: hvesse, kvesse
Swedish: vässa
Danish: hvæsse
Faroese: hvøssa


wellaną

wellō (active first-person indicative singular)
wellaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
wellai (first-person indicative passive singular)
willizi (active indicative second-person singular)
wellaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
well (active imperative second-person singular)
wellazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
wellaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
willidi (active indicative singular third-person)
wellai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
welladau (active imperative singular third-person)
welladai (indicative passive singular third-person)
wellaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
wellōz (active dual first-person indicative)
wellaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
welladiz (active dual indicative second-person)
wellaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
welladiz (active dual imperative second-person)
wellamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
wellaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
wellandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
wellaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
willid (active indicative plural second-person)
wellaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
willid (active imperative plural second-person)
wellandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
wellaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
wellandi (active indicative plural third-person)
wellain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
wellandau (active imperative plural third-person)
wellandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
wellaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
wall (active first-person indicative singular)
wullį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
wallt (active indicative second-person singular)
wullīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
wall (active indicative singular third-person)
wullī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
wullū (active dual first-person indicative)
wullīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
wulludiz (active dual indicative second-person)
wullīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
wullum (active first-person indicative plural)
wullīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
wullud (active indicative plural second-person)
wullīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
wullun (active indicative plural third-person)
wullīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
wellandz (active participle present)
wullanaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *wellan

⇒ Proto-West Germanic: *biwellan
Old Frisian: biwella
Old Saxon: biwellan
Middle Low German: bewellen
Old Dutch: biwellan
Old High German: biwellan
Middle High German: bewëllen

Old Norse: vella

Icelandic: vella

Norwegian: velde

Old Swedish: vælla

Swedish: välla

Danish: vælde

From Proto-Indo-European *welH- (“to turn; wind; roll”). Both *wellaną and o-grade *wallaną were probably created to the archaic zero-grade present *wulaną.


wellaną

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *wellan
Old High German: wellan

Old Norse: *vella

Old Swedish: vælla

From Proto-Indo-European *welH- (“to turn; wind; roll”), and thus of the same origin as the "well up" sense of Etymology 1.


wallijaną

wallijō (active first-person indicative singular)
wallijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
wallijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
wallīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
wallijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
wallī (active imperative second-person singular)
wallijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
wallijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
wallīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
wallijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
wallijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
wallijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
wallijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
wallijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
wallijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
wallijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
wallijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
wallijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
wallijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
wallijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
wallijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
wallijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
wallīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
wallijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
wallīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
wallijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
wallijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
wallijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
wallijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
wallijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
wallijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
wallijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
wallidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
wallidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
wallidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
wallidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
wallidē (active indicative singular third-person)
wallidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
wallidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
wallidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
wallidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
wallidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
wallidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
wallidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
wallidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
wallidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
wallidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
wallidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
wallijandz (active participle present)
wallidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *wallijan
Old English: wiellan, willan
Middle English: wellen
English: well
Scots: well, wall
Old Saxon: *wellian
Middle Low German: wellen
Old Dutch: *wellen
Middle Dutch: wellen
Dutch: wellen
Afrikaans: wel
Old High German: wellen
Middle High German: wellen
German: wellen

From Proto-Indo-European *welH- (“to turn; wind; roll”). A causative or intensive formation from either *wellaną (“to well up”) + *-janą or *wallaną + *-janą.


wallijaną

Proto-West Germanic: *wallijan
Old Saxon: wellian
Old High German: *wellen
⇒ Old High German: umbiwellen


weltaną

weltō (active first-person indicative singular)
weltaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
weltai (first-person indicative passive singular)
wiltizi (active indicative second-person singular)
weltaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
welt (active imperative second-person singular)
weltazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
weltaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
wiltidi (active indicative singular third-person)
weltai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
weltadau (active imperative singular third-person)
weltadai (indicative passive singular third-person)
weltaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
weltōz (active dual first-person indicative)
weltaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
weltadiz (active dual indicative second-person)
weltaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
weltadiz (active dual imperative second-person)
weltamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
weltaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
weltandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
weltaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
wiltid (active indicative plural second-person)
weltaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
wiltid (active imperative plural second-person)
weltandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
weltaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
weltandi (active indicative plural third-person)
weltain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
weltandau (active imperative plural third-person)
weltandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
weltaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
walt (active first-person indicative singular)
wultį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
walst (active indicative second-person singular)
wultīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
walt (active indicative singular third-person)
wultī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
wultū (active dual first-person indicative)
wultīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
wultudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
wultīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
wultum (active first-person indicative plural)
wultīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
wultud (active indicative plural second-person)
wultīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
wultun (active indicative plural third-person)
wultīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
weltandz (active participle present)
wultanaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Old Norse: velta

Icelandic: velta

Norwegian Nynorsk: velta, velte

Norwegian Bokmål: velte

From Proto-Indo-European *welH- (“to turn, to wind”).


waltaną

waltō (active first-person indicative singular)
waltaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
waltai (first-person indicative passive singular)
waltizi (active indicative second-person singular)
waltaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
walt (active imperative second-person singular)
waltazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
waltaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
waltidi (active indicative singular third-person)
waltai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
waltadau (active imperative singular third-person)
waltadai (indicative passive singular third-person)
waltaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
waltōz (active dual first-person indicative)
waltaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
waltadiz (active dual indicative second-person)
waltaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
waltadiz (active dual imperative second-person)
waltamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
waltaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
waltandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
waltaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
waltid (active indicative plural second-person)
waltaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
waltid (active imperative plural second-person)
waltandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
waltaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
waltandi (active indicative plural third-person)
waltain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
waltandau (active imperative plural third-person)
waltandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
waltaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
wewalt (active first-person indicative singular)
wewaltį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
wewalst (active indicative second-person singular)
wewaltīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
wewalt (active indicative singular third-person)
wewaltī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
wewaltū (active dual first-person indicative)
wewaltīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
wewaltudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
wewaltīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
wewaltum (active first-person indicative plural)
wewaltīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
wewaltud (active indicative plural second-person)
wewaltīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
wewaltun (active indicative plural third-person)
wewaltīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
waltandz (active participle present)
waltanaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *waltan
Old Dutch: *waltan
Middle Dutch: wouten
Dutch: wouten, woiten, walten (attested only in dialects)
Old High German: walzan
Middle High German: walzen
German: walzen
→ Dutch: walsen
→ English: waltz
→ French: valser

From Proto-Indo-European *welH- (“to turn, to wind”), most likely an o-grade intensive formation to the verb *weltaną.


skēwijaną

skēwijō (active first-person indicative singular)
skēwijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
skēwijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
skēwīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
skēwijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
skēwī (active imperative second-person singular)
skēwijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
skēwijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
skēwīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
skēwijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
skēwijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
skēwijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
skēwijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
skēwijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
skēwijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
skēwijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
skēwijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
skēwijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
skēwijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
skēwijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
skēwijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
skēwijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
skēwīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
skēwijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
skēwīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
skēwijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
skēwijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
skēwijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
skēwijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
skēwijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
skēwijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
skēwijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
skēwidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
skēwidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
skēwidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
skēwidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
skēwidē (active indicative singular third-person)
skēwidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
skēwidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
skēwidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
skēwidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
skēwidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
skēwidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
skēwidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
skēwidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
skēwidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
skēwidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
skēwidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
skēwijandz (active participle present)
skēwidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Old Norse: skæva

Gothic: 𐍃𐌺𐌴𐍅𐌾𐌰𐌽 (skēwjan)

→ Proto-Finnic: *käüdäk (see there for further descendants)

Probably related to *skehaną (“to spring up, emerge”).


driugijaną

driugijō (active first-person indicative singular)
driugijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
driugijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
driugīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
driugijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
driugī (active imperative second-person singular)
driugijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
driugijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
driugīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
driugijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
driugijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
driugijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
driugijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
driugijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
driugijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
driugijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
driugijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
driugijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
driugijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
driugijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
driugijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
driugijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
driugīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
driugijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
driugīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
driugijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
driugijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
driugijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
driugijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
driugijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
driugijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
driugijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
driugidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
driugidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
driugidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
driugidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
driugidē (active indicative singular third-person)
driugidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
driugidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
driugidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
driugidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
driugidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
driugidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
driugidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
driugidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
driugidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
driugidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
driugidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
driugijandz (active participle present)
driugidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Old Norse: drýgja

Icelandic: drýgja

Norwegian Nynorsk: drygja

Norwegian Bokmål: drøye

Swedish: dröja

From *dreugaz (“enduring, lasting”) + *-janą.


snaidijaną

snaidijō (active first-person indicative singular)
snaidijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
snaidijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
snaidīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
snaidijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
snaidī (active imperative second-person singular)
snaidijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
snaidijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
snaidīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
snaidijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
snaidijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
snaidijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
snaidijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
snaidijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
snaidijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
snaidijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
snaidijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
snaidijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
snaidijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
snaidijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
snaidijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
snaidijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
snaidīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
snaidijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
snaidīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
snaidijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
snaidijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
snaidijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
snaidijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
snaidijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
snaidijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
snaidijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
snaididǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
snaididēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
snaididēz (active indicative second-person singular)
snaididēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
snaididē (active indicative singular third-person)
snaididēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
snaididēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
snaididēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
snaididēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
snaididēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
snaididēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
snaididēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
snaididēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
snaididēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
snaididēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
snaididēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
snaidijandz (active participle present)
snaididaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *snaidijan
Old English: snǣdan
Middle English: *sneden
Scots: sned, sneed
⇒ Middle English: tosneden
Old Saxon: *snēdian
Middle Low German: snêden
German Low German: sneden
Old Dutch: *snēden
Middle Dutch: sneden
Old High German: sneiten
Middle High German: sneiten
⇒ Middle High German: sneitelen, sneiteln
German: schneiteln, schneideln

Old Norse: sneiða, snæða

Icelandic: sneiða, snæða

Norwegian Nynorsk: sneia, sneie

From *snīþaną (“to cut”) + *-janą or *snaidō (“a cut”) + *-janą.


kanhtijaną

kanhtijō (active first-person indicative singular)
kanhtijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
kanhtijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
kanhtīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
kanhtijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
kanhtī (active imperative second-person singular)
kanhtijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
kanhtijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
kanhtīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
kanhtijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
kanhtijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
kanhtijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
kanhtijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
kanhtijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
kanhtijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
kanhtijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
kanhtijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
kanhtijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
kanhtijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
kanhtijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
kanhtijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
kanhtijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
kanhtīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
kanhtijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
kanhtīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
kanhtijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
kanhtijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
kanhtijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
kanhtijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
kanhtijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
kanhtijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
kanhtijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
kanhtidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
kanhtidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
kanhtidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
kanhtidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
kanhtidē (active indicative singular third-person)
kanhtidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
kanhtidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
kanhtidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
kanhtidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
kanhtidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
kanhtidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
kanhtidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
kanhtidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
kanhtidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
kanhtidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
kanhtidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
kanhtijandz (active participle present)
kanhtidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Old Norse: kæta

Icelandic: kæta

Elfdalian: kęta


haitijaną

haitijō (active first-person indicative singular)
haitijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
haitijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
haitīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
haitijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
haitī (active imperative second-person singular)
haitijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
haitijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
haitīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
haitijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
haitijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
haitijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
haitijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
haitijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
haitijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
haitijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
haitijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
haitijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
haitijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
haitijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
haitijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
haitijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
haitīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
haitijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
haitīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
haitijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
haitijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
haitijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
haitijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
haitijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
haitijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
haitijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
haitidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
haitidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
haitidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
haitidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
haitidē (active indicative singular third-person)
haitidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
haitidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
haitidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
haitidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
haitidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
haitidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
haitidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
haitidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
haitidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
haitidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
haitidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
haitijandz (active participle present)
haitidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *haitijan
Old English: hǣtan
Middle English: hēten
English: heat
Old Saxon: hētian
Middle Low German: hêten, heiten (conflated with the descendant of *haitēn)
Old Dutch: *hēten
Middle Dutch: hêten (conflated with the descendant of *haitēn)
Dutch: heten
Old High German: heizen
Middle High German: heizen
German: heizen
Yiddish: הייצן (heytsn)
Polish: hajcować

Old Norse: heita

Faroese: heita

Icelandic: heita

Danish: (rare) hede


halþijaną

halþijō (active first-person indicative singular)
halþijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
halþijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
halþīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
halþijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
halþī (active imperative second-person singular)
halþijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
halþijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
halþīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
halþijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
halþijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
halþijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
halþijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
halþijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
halþijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
halþijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
halþijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
halþijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
halþijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
halþijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
halþijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
halþijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
halþīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
halþijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
halþīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
halþijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
halþijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
halþijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
halþijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
halþijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
halþijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
halþijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
halþidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
halþidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
halþidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
halþidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
halþidē (active indicative singular third-person)
halþidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
halþidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
halþidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
halþidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
halþidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
halþidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
halþidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
halþidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
halþidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
halþidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
halþidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
halþijandz (active participle present)
halþidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *halþijan
Old English: hieldan
Middle English: helden
English: hield
English: heel
Yola: hyle
Old Saxon: *heldian
Middle Low German: helden, hellen
Old Dutch: *helden
Middle Dutch: helden
Dutch: hellen (d reinterpreted as an ending)
Old High German: helden
Middle High German: helden

Old Norse: hella

Icelandic: hella

Faroese: hella

Norwegian Nynorsk: helle

Norwegian Bokmål: helle

Swedish: hälla

→ Middle English: hellen

English: hell

From *halþaz (“sloping, inclined”) + *-janą.


halþōną

halþō (active first-person indicative singular)
halþǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
halþōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
halþōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
halþōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
halþō (active imperative second-person singular)
halþōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
halþōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
halþōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
halþō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
halþōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
halþōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
halþōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
halþōs (active dual first-person indicative)
halþōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
halþōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
halþōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
halþōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
halþōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
halþōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
halþōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
halþōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
halþōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
halþōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
halþōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
halþōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
halþōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
halþōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
halþōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
halþōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
halþōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
halþōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
halþōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
halþōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
halþōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
halþōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
halþōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
halþōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
halþōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
halþōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
halþōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
halþōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
halþōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
halþōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
halþōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
halþōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
halþōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
halþōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
halþōndz (active participle present)
halþōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *halþōn
Old High German: haldōn
Middle High German: halden

Old Norse: halla

Icelandic: halla

/ˈxɑl.θɔː.nɑ̃/

From *halþaz (“sloping, inclined”) + *-ōną.


fastāną

fastō (active first-person indicative singular)
fastaisi (active indicative second-person singular)
fastai (active imperative second-person singular)
fastāsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
fastaiþi (active indicative singular third-person)
fastāþau (active imperative singular third-person)
fastāþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
fastōs (active dual first-person indicative)
fastāþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
fastāþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
fastāmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
fastānþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
fastaiþ (active indicative plural second-person)
fastaiþ (active imperative plural second-person)
fastānþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
fastānþi (active indicative plural third-person)
fastānþau (active imperative plural third-person)
fastānþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
fastadǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
fastadēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
fastadēz (active indicative second-person singular)
fastadēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
fastadē (active indicative singular third-person)
fastadēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
fastadēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
fastadēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
fastadēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
fastadēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
fastadēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
fastadēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
fastadēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
fastadēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
fastadēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
fastadēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
fastāndz (active participle present)
fastadaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *fastēn
Old English: festia
Old Saxon: *fastōn
Middle Low German: fasten, vasten
German Low German: fasten
Old Dutch: *faston
Middle Dutch: vasten
Dutch: vasten
Afrikaans: vas
Old High German: fastēn
Middle High German: vasten
Cimbrian: bastan
German: fasten
Luxembourgish: faaschten
Yiddish: פֿאַסטן (fastn)

Old Norse: fasta

Icelandic: fasta

Faroese: fasta

Norwegian Nynorsk: fasta

Old Swedish: fasta

Swedish: fasta

Danish: faste

Norwegian Bokmål: faste

Gothic: 𐍆𐌰𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌽 (fastān)

to fast, to abstain from food and/or drink


fulgāną

fulgō (active first-person indicative singular)
fulgaisi (active indicative second-person singular)
fulgai (active imperative second-person singular)
fulgāsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
fulgaiþi (active indicative singular third-person)
fulgāþau (active imperative singular third-person)
fulgāþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
fulgōs (active dual first-person indicative)
fulgāþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
fulgāþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
fulgāmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
fulgānþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
fulgaiþ (active indicative plural second-person)
fulgaiþ (active imperative plural second-person)
fulgānþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
fulgānþi (active indicative plural third-person)
fulgānþau (active imperative plural third-person)
fulgānþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
fulgadǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
fulgadēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
fulgadēz (active indicative second-person singular)
fulgadēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
fulgadē (active indicative singular third-person)
fulgadēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
fulgadēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
fulgadēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
fulgadēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
fulgadēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
fulgadēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
fulgadēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
fulgadēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
fulgadēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
fulgadēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
fulgadēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
fulgāndz (active participle present)
fulgadaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *folgēn
Old English: folgian
Middle English: folwen
English: follow
Middle Scots: folȝe, folow, falow
Scots: follae
Old Frisian: folgia, fulgia, folia
Saterland Frisian: foulgje
West Frisian: folgje
Old Saxon: folgon, fulgon
Middle Low German: volgen
German Low German: folgen
Old Dutch: folgon
Middle Dutch: volgen
Dutch: volgen
Afrikaans: volg
Negerhollands: volg, folok, folk
→ Saramaccan: flakka, faáka
Limburgish: vólge
Old High German: folgēn, folkēn
Middle High German: volgen
Alemannic German: folge
Bavarian: foign
Cimbrian: vòlgan, bòlgan (Mezzaselva)
Mòcheno: volng
German: folgen
Luxembourgish: follegen
Yiddish: פֿאָלגן (folgn)

Old Norse: fulger (attested once)

Old Swedish: folger

Uncertain. Possibly originated as a compound of the roots of *fullaz (“full”) and *gāną (“to go”), with a sense of "full-going". This could have shifted to a meaning of "to serve, go with as an attendant" (compare also fulfill).
Alternatively, may be derived from a Proto-Indo-European *pelḱ-, *polḱ- (“to turn, twist, wind”), which itself might have merged with another verb to form Proto-Germanic *felhaną (“to conceal”, but also “to go, proceed”).


dawāną

dawō (active first-person indicative singular)
dawaisi (active indicative second-person singular)
dawai (active imperative second-person singular)
dawāsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
dawaiþi (active indicative singular third-person)
dawāþau (active imperative singular third-person)
dawāþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
dawōs (active dual first-person indicative)
dawāþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
dawāþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
dawāmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
dawānþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
dawaiþ (active indicative plural second-person)
dawaiþ (active imperative plural second-person)
dawānþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
dawānþi (active indicative plural third-person)
dawānþau (active imperative plural third-person)
dawānþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
dawadǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
dawadēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
dawadēz (active indicative second-person singular)
dawadēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
dawadē (active indicative singular third-person)
dawadēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
dawadēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
dawadēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
dawadēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
dawadēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
dawadēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
dawadēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
dawadēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
dawadēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
dawadēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
dawadēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
dawāndz (active participle present)
dawadaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Old Norse: dá

Icelandic: dá

Kroonen considers the word to be from Proto-Indo-European *dʰh̥₂w-eh₁-, from a root *dʰeh₂w- (“to look at, marvel”), and compares Ancient Greek θαῦμᾰ (thaûmă, “a wonder, marvel”).


fūlijaną

fūlijō (active first-person indicative singular)
fūlijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
fūlijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
fūlīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
fūlijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
fūlī (active imperative second-person singular)
fūlijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
fūlijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
fūlīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
fūlijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
fūlijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
fūlijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
fūlijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
fūlijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
fūlijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
fūlijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
fūlijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
fūlijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
fūlijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
fūlijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
fūlijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
fūlijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
fūlīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
fūlijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
fūlīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
fūlijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
fūlijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
fūlijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
fūlijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
fūlijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
fūlijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
fūlijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
fūlidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
fūlidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
fūlidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
fūlidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
fūlidē (active indicative singular third-person)
fūlidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
fūlidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
fūlidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
fūlidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
fūlidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
fūlidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
fūlidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
fūlidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
fūlidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
fūlidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
fūlidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
fūlijandz (active participle present)
fūlidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *fūlijan
Old English: fȳlan
Middle English: fulen, fuilen, filen
English: file
Old Saxon: fūlian
Middle Low German: vü̂len
Old Dutch: *fūlen
Middle Dutch: vulen (merged with the descendant of *fūlēn)
Dutch: vuilen

Old Norse: *fýla

Icelandic: fýla

Jamtish: fýłe


þulāną

þulō (active first-person indicative singular)
þulaisi (active indicative second-person singular)
þulai (active imperative second-person singular)
þulāsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
þulaiþi (active indicative singular third-person)
þulāþau (active imperative singular third-person)
þulāþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
þulōs (active dual first-person indicative)
þulāþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
þulāþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
þulāmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
þulānþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
þulaiþ (active indicative plural second-person)
þulaiþ (active imperative plural second-person)
þulānþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
þulānþi (active indicative plural third-person)
þulānþau (active imperative plural third-person)
þulānþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
þuladǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
þuladēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
þuladēz (active indicative second-person singular)
þuladēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
þuladē (active indicative singular third-person)
þuladēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
þuladēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
þuladēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
þuladēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
þuladēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
þuladēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
þuladēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
þuladēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
þuladēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
þuladēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
þuladēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
þulāndz (active participle present)
þuladaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *þolēn, *þolōn
Old English: þolian
Middle English: þolien
Scots: thole
English: thole
Old Frisian: tholia
Old Saxon: tholōn, tholoian, tholian
Middle Low German: dōlen
⇒ Middle Low German: dulden, dülden
German Low German: dülden
Old Dutch: tholon
Middle Dutch: dōlen
Old High German: dolēn, dolōn
Middle High German: doln
Alemannic German: tole
German: dolen
Luxembourgish: dëllen
⇒ Old High German: dulten
Middle High German: dulden
German: dulden

Old Norse: þola
Icelandic: þola
Faroese: tola
Norwegian Nynorsk: tola, tole
Norwegian: (dialectal) tøla, tålå, tølja
Elfdalian: tuolå
Old Swedish: þola, þula
Swedish: tåla
Scanian: tula
Old Danish: tholæ
Danish: tåle
Norwegian Bokmål: tåle
Gutnish: tule

Gothic: 𐌸𐌿𐌻𐌰𐌽 (þulan)

From Proto-Indo-European *telh₂- (“to bear, to undergo, to endure”).


hangāną

hangō (active first-person indicative singular)
hangaisi (active indicative second-person singular)
hangai (active imperative second-person singular)
hangāsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
hangaiþi (active indicative singular third-person)
hangāþau (active imperative singular third-person)
hangāþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
hangōs (active dual first-person indicative)
hangāþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
hangāþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
hangāmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
hangānþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
hangaiþ (active indicative plural second-person)
hangaiþ (active imperative plural second-person)
hangānþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
hangānþi (active indicative plural third-person)
hangānþau (active imperative plural third-person)
hangānþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
hangadǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
hangadēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
hangadēz (active indicative second-person singular)
hangadēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
hangadē (active indicative singular third-person)
hangadēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
hangadēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
hangadēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
hangadēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
hangadēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
hangadēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
hangadēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
hangadēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
hangadēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
hangadēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
hangadēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
hangāndz (active participle present)
hangadaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *hangēn
Old English: hangian, hongian
Middle English: hangen (merged with hōn)
English: hang
Scots: hangit (simple past of hing (“to execute using gallows”))
→ Welsh: hongian
Old Frisian: hangia, hongia
Saterland Frisian: hongje
West Frisian: hingje
Old Saxon: hangon
Middle Low German: hangen
Low German: hangen
Old Dutch: *hangon
Middle Dutch: hangen (merger with hān)
Dutch: hangen
Afrikaans: hang
Berbice Creole Dutch: hanggi
Negerhollands: hang, haṅ
→ Sranan Tongo: anga
Limburgish: hange
Old High German: hangēn
Middle High German: hangen
German: hängen (merger with hāhen and hengen)
Switzerland German: hangen
>? Cimbrian: hangan

Old Norse: hanga
Icelandic: hanga
Faroese: hanga
Norwegian Nynorsk: hanga, henga (merger with hengja)
Norwegian Bokmål: henge
Swedish: hänga (merger with hengja)
Old Danish: hængæ (merger with hengja)
Danish: hænge

q

Gothic: 𐌷𐌰𐌷𐌰𐌽 (hāhān) (< *hanhāną, or a later alteration based on the homographic strong verb)


harmāną

harmō (active first-person indicative singular)
harmaisi (active indicative second-person singular)
harmai (active imperative second-person singular)
harmāsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
harmaiþi (active indicative singular third-person)
harmāþau (active imperative singular third-person)
harmāþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
harmōs (active dual first-person indicative)
harmāþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
harmāþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
harmāmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
harmānþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
harmaiþ (active indicative plural second-person)
harmaiþ (active imperative plural second-person)
harmānþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
harmānþi (active indicative plural third-person)
harmānþau (active imperative plural third-person)
harmānþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
harmadǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
harmadēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
harmadēz (active indicative second-person singular)
harmadēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
harmadē (active indicative singular third-person)
harmadēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
harmadēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
harmadēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
harmadēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
harmadēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
harmadēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
harmadēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
harmadēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
harmadēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
harmadēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
harmadēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
harmāndz (active participle present)
harmadaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *harmēn
Old English: hearmian
Middle English: harmen
English: harm
Scots: hairm
Old High German: harmēn
Middle High German: harmen
→ Old French: hargnier (see there for further descendants)

From *harmaz (“harm, pain”) + *-āną or *harmaz (“painful, harmful”) + *-āną.


hatāną

hatō (active first-person indicative singular)
hataisi (active indicative second-person singular)
hatai (active imperative second-person singular)
hatāsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
hataiþi (active indicative singular third-person)
hatāþau (active imperative singular third-person)
hatāþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
hatōs (active dual first-person indicative)
hatāþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
hatāþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
hatāmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
hatānþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
hataiþ (active indicative plural second-person)
hataiþ (active imperative plural second-person)
hatānþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
hatānþi (active indicative plural third-person)
hatānþau (active imperative plural third-person)
hatānþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
hatadǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
hatadēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
hatadēz (active indicative second-person singular)
hatadēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
hatadē (active indicative singular third-person)
hatadēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
hatadēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
hatadēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
hatadēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
hatadēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
hatadēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
hatadēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
hatadēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
hatadēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
hatadēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
hatadēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
hatāndz (active participle present)
hatadaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *hatēn
Old English: hatian
Middle English: hatien, haten
English: hate
Scots: hate
Old Frisian: hatia
Saterland Frisian: haatje, hoatje; hasje
West Frisian: haetjen; haatsje
Old Saxon: hatōn
Middle Low German: hāten
German Low German: haten
Old Dutch: haton
Middle Dutch: hāten
Dutch: haten
Afrikaans: haat
Negerhollands: hat
Limburgish: hate
Old High German: hazzōn, hazzēn
Middle High German: hazzen
Cimbrian: haazan
German: hassen
→ Plautdietsch: hassen, haussen
Luxembourgish: haassen
Yiddish: האַסן (hasn)

Old Norse: hata

Icelandic: hata

Faroese: hata

Norn: hada

Norwegian Bokmål: hate

Norwegian Nynorsk: hate

Old Swedish: hata

Swedish: hata

Middle Danish: hadhe

Danish: hade

Gutnish: hate, hat', hata

Gothic: 𐌷𐌰𐍄𐌰𐌽 (hatān)


uznemaną

uznemō (active first-person indicative singular)
uznemaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
uznemai (first-person indicative passive singular)
uznimizi (active indicative second-person singular)
uznemaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
uznem (active imperative second-person singular)
uznemazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
uznemaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
uznimidi (active indicative singular third-person)
uznemai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
uznemadau (active imperative singular third-person)
uznemadai (indicative passive singular third-person)
uznemaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
uznemōz (active dual first-person indicative)
uznemaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
uznemadiz (active dual indicative second-person)
uznemaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
uznemadiz (active dual imperative second-person)
uznemamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
uznemaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
uznemandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
uznemaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
uznimid (active indicative plural second-person)
uznemaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
uznimid (active imperative plural second-person)
uznemandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
uznemaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
uznemandi (active indicative plural third-person)
uznemain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
uznemandau (active imperative plural third-person)
uznemandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
uznemaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
uznam (active first-person indicative singular)
uznēmį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
uznamt (active indicative second-person singular)
uznēmīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
uznam (active indicative singular third-person)
uznēmī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
uznēmū (active dual first-person indicative)
uznēmīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
uznēmudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
uznēmīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
uznēmum (active first-person indicative plural)
uznēmīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
uznēmud (active indicative plural second-person)
uznēmīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
uznēmun (active indicative plural third-person)
uznēmīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
uznemandz (active participle present)
uznumanaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *uʀneman
Old English: āniman, ānyman
Middle English: ānimen (attested only in the past participle)
Old High German: irnëman
Middle High German: ernëmen

Gothic: 𐌿𐍃𐌽𐌹𐌼𐌰𐌽 (usniman)


stautijaną

stautijō (active first-person indicative singular)
stautijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
stautijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
stautīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
stautijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
stautī (active imperative second-person singular)
stautijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
stautijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
stautīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
stautijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
stautijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
stautijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
stautijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
stautijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
stautijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
stautijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
stautijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
stautijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
stautijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
stautijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
stautijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
stautijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
stautīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
stautijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
stautīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
stautijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
stautijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
stautijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
stautijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
stautijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
stautijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
stautijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
stautidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
stautidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
stautidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
stautidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
stautidē (active indicative singular third-person)
stautidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
stautidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
stautidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
stautidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
stautidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
stautidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
stautidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
stautidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
stautidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
stautidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
stautidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
stautijandz (active participle present)
stautidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Old Norse: steyta

Icelandic: steyta

Swedish: stöta


stautōną

stautō (active first-person indicative singular)
stautǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
stautōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
stautōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
stautōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
stautō (active imperative second-person singular)
stautōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
stautōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
stautōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
stautō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
stautōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
stautōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
stautōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
stautōs (active dual first-person indicative)
stautōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
stautōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
stautōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
stautōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
stautōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
stautōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
stautōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
stautōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
stautōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
stautōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
stautōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
stautōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
stautōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
stautōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
stautōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
stautōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
stautōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
stautōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
stautōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
stautōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
stautōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
stautōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
stautōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
stautōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
stautōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
stautōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
stautōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
stautōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
stautōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
stautōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
stautōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
stautōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
stautōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
stautōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
stautōndz (active participle present)
stautōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *stautōn
Old High German: *stōzōn
Middle High German: *stōzen
German: stoßen

Old Norse: stauta

Danish: støde

Icelandic: stauta

Norwegian: støte

Swedish: stöta


stammāną

stammō (active first-person indicative singular)
stammaisi (active indicative second-person singular)
stammai (active imperative second-person singular)
stammāsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
stammaiþi (active indicative singular third-person)
stammāþau (active imperative singular third-person)
stammāþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
stammōs (active dual first-person indicative)
stammāþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
stammāþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
stammāmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
stammānþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
stammaiþ (active indicative plural second-person)
stammaiþ (active imperative plural second-person)
stammānþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
stammānþi (active indicative plural third-person)
stammānþau (active imperative plural third-person)
stammānþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
stammadǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
stammadēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
stammadēz (active indicative second-person singular)
stammadēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
stammadē (active indicative singular third-person)
stammadēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
stammadēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
stammadēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
stammadēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
stammadēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
stammadēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
stammadēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
stammadēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
stammadēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
stammadēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
stammadēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
stammāndz (active participle present)
stammadaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *stammēn

Old High German: stammēn

Old Norse: stamma

Danish: stamme

Faroese: stama

Icelandic: stama

Norwegian Bokmål: stamme

Norwegian Nynorsk: stamma

Swedish: stamma


dūbijaną

dūbijō (active first-person indicative singular)
dūbijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
dūbijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
dūbīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
dūbijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
dūbī (active imperative second-person singular)
dūbijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
dūbijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
dūbīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
dūbijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
dūbijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
dūbijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
dūbijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
dūbijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
dūbijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
dūbijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
dūbijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
dūbijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
dūbijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
dūbijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
dūbijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
dūbijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
dūbīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
dūbijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
dūbīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
dūbijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
dūbijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
dūbijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
dūbijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
dūbijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
dūbijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
dūbijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
dūbidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
dūbidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
dūbidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
dūbidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
dūbidē (active indicative singular third-person)
dūbidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
dūbidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
dūbidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
dūbidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
dūbidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
dūbidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
dūbidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
dūbidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
dūbidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
dūbidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
dūbidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
dūbijandz (active participle present)
dūbidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *dūbijan
Old English: dȳfan
Middle English: diven, duven
English: dive

Old Norse: dýfa

Icelandic: dýfa

Faroese: dýva


wakāną

wakō (active first-person indicative singular)
wakaisi (active indicative second-person singular)
wakai (active imperative second-person singular)
wakāsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
wakaiþi (active indicative singular third-person)
wakāþau (active imperative singular third-person)
wakāþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
wakōs (active dual first-person indicative)
wakāþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
wakāþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
wakāmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
wakānþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
wakaiþ (active indicative plural second-person)
wakaiþ (active imperative plural second-person)
wakānþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
wakānþi (active indicative plural third-person)
wakānþau (active imperative plural third-person)
wakānþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
wakadǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
wakadēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
wakadēz (active indicative second-person singular)
wakadēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
wakadē (active indicative singular third-person)
wakadēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
wakadēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
wakadēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
wakadēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
wakadēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
wakadēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
wakadēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
wakadēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
wakadēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
wakadēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
wakadēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
wakāndz (active participle present)
wakadaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *wakēn
Old English: wacian
Middle English: wakien, waken
Scots: wauk, walk, wak, wake
English: wake
Old Frisian: wakia
Old Saxon: wakōn
Middle Low German: waken
Plautdietsch: wakjen
Old Dutch: wacon
Middle Dutch: wāken
Dutch: waken
Limburgish: wake
Old High German: wahhēn
Middle High German: wachen
Cimbrian: bachan
German: wachen
Luxembourgish: waachen
Yiddish: וואַכן (vakhn)

Old Norse: vaka

Icelandic: vaka

Faroese: vaka

Norn: våga

Norwegian:

Norwegian Bokmål: våke, vake

Norwegian Nynorsk: vake, vaka

Old Swedish: vaka

Swedish: vaka

Old Danish: wakæ

Danish: våge

Elfdalian: wåkå

Gutnish: vake

Scanian: vaga

From Proto-Indo-European *weǵ- (“to wake, be strong”). Equivalent to *wakaną (“to wake up”) + *-āną.


krafjaną

krafjō (active first-person indicative singular)
krafjaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
krafjai (first-person indicative passive singular)
krafisi (active indicative second-person singular)
krafjais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
krafi (active imperative second-person singular)
krafjasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
krafjaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
krafiþi (active indicative singular third-person)
krafjai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
krafjaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
krafjaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
krafjaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
krafjōs (active dual first-person indicative)
krafjaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
krafjaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
krafjaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
krafjaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
krafjamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
krafjaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
krafjanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
krafjainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
krafiþ (active indicative plural second-person)
krafjaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
krafiþ (active imperative plural second-person)
krafjanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
krafjainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
krafjanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
krafjain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
krafjanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
krafjanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
krafjainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
krafidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
krafidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
krafidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
krafidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
krafidē (active indicative singular third-person)
krafidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
krafidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
krafidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
krafidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
krafidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
krafidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
krafidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
krafidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
krafidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
krafidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
krafidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
krafjandz (active participle present)
krafidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *krafōn, *krafēn, *krabōn, *krabēn (class 2 weak)
Old English: crafian, crafiġean, cræfian
Middle English: craven, crave, cravyn, crawyn, krave
English: crave
Scots: crave
Yola: crave

Old Norse: krefja
Icelandic: krefja
Faroese: krevja
Norwegian Nynorsk: krevja, krevje
Old Swedish: kræfia, kræfiæ
Swedish: kräva
Danish: kræve
Norwegian Bokmål: kreve

Related to *kraftuz (“force, strength”), of unknown origin. Possibly related to Umbrian Grabovio, *Grabo-, an Italic god of rocks and oak trees described in the Iguvine Tablets (see Ancient Greek γράβιον (grábion, “torch, brand”)). Pokorny suggests a connection to Albanian kërrabë and Proto-West Germanic *krappō (“hook”), from Proto-Indo-European *grep- (“a hook, force”), extended form of *ger- (“to turn, wind”).

unk

unknown


kaldāną

kaldō (active first-person indicative singular)
kaldaisi (active indicative second-person singular)
kaldai (active imperative second-person singular)
kaldāsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
kaldaiþi (active indicative singular third-person)
kaldāþau (active imperative singular third-person)
kaldāþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
kaldōs (active dual first-person indicative)
kaldāþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
kaldāþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
kaldāmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
kaldānþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
kaldaiþ (active indicative plural second-person)
kaldaiþ (active imperative plural second-person)
kaldānþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
kaldānþi (active indicative plural third-person)
kaldānþau (active imperative plural third-person)
kaldānþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
kaldadǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
kaldadēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
kaldadēz (active indicative second-person singular)
kaldadēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
kaldadē (active indicative singular third-person)
kaldadēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
kaldadēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
kaldadēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
kaldadēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
kaldadēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
kaldadēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
kaldadēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
kaldadēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
kaldadēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
kaldadēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
kaldadēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
kaldāndz (active participle present)
kaldadaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *kaldēn
Old English: cealdian, *caldian
Middle English: colden, calden, chelden, kelden
Yola: coale
Old Saxon: kaldōn
Middle Low German: kolden
Old Dutch: *kaldon
Middle Dutch: couden
Dutch: kouden, kouwen
Old High German: kaltēn
Middle High German: kalten

Old Norse: kalda

Icelandic: kalda


þurzāną

þurzō (active first-person indicative singular)
þurzaisi (active indicative second-person singular)
þurzai (active imperative second-person singular)
þurzāsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
þurzaiþi (active indicative singular third-person)
þurzāþau (active imperative singular third-person)
þurzāþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
þurzōs (active dual first-person indicative)
þurzāþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
þurzāþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
þurzāmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
þurzānþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
þurzaiþ (active indicative plural second-person)
þurzaiþ (active imperative plural second-person)
þurzānþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
þurzānþi (active indicative plural third-person)
þurzānþau (active imperative plural third-person)
þurzānþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
þurzadǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
þurzadēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
þurzadēz (active indicative second-person singular)
þurzadēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
þurzadē (active indicative singular third-person)
þurzadēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
þurzadēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
þurzadēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
þurzadēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
þurzadēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
þurzadēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
þurzadēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
þurzadēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
þurzadēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
þurzadēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
þurzadēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
þurzāndz (active participle present)
þurzadaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *þorʀēn
Old Saxon: thorron
Old Dutch: *thorron
Middle Dutch: dorren
Dutch: dorren
Old High German: *dorrēn
Middle High German: dorren
German: dorren

Old Norse: *þurra

Old Swedish: *þurra, *þorra

Swedish: torra


swōpōną

swōpō (active first-person indicative singular)
swōpǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
swōpōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
swōpōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
swōpōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
swōpō (active imperative second-person singular)
swōpōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
swōpōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
swōpōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
swōpō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
swōpōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
swōpōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
swōpōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
swōpōs (active dual first-person indicative)
swōpōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
swōpōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
swōpōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
swōpōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
swōpōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
swōpōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
swōpōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
swōpōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
swōpōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
swōpōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
swōpōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
swōpōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
swōpōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
swōpōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
swōpōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
swōpōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
swōpōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
swōpōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
swōpōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
swōpōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
swōpōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
swōpōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
swōpōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
swōpōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
swōpōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
swōpōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
swōpōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
swōpōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
swōpōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
swōpōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
swōpōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
swōpōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
swōpōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
swōpōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
swōpōndz (active participle present)
swōpōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *swōpōn

Old English: *swōpe, *swōpu

desc

⇒ Old English: geswōpe f (“filth, rubbish”)

Old Norse: sópa

Icelandic: sópa


þunrōną

þunrō (active first-person indicative singular)
þunrǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
þunrōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
þunrōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
þunrōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
þunrō (active imperative second-person singular)
þunrōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
þunrōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
þunrōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
þunrō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
þunrōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
þunrōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
þunrōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
þunrōs (active dual first-person indicative)
þunrōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
þunrōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
þunrōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
þunrōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
þunrōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
þunrōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
þunrōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
þunrōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
þunrōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
þunrōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
þunrōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
þunrōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
þunrōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
þunrōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
þunrōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
þunrōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
þunrōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
þunrōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
þunrōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
þunrōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
þunrōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
þunrōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
þunrōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
þunrōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
þunrōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
þunrōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
þunrōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
þunrōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
þunrōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
þunrōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
þunrōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
þunrōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
þunrōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
þunrōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
þunrōndz (active participle present)
þunrōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *þunrōn
Old English: þunrian
Middle English: thonder
English: thunder
Old Saxon: *thonarōn
Middle Low German: donern
→ Norwegian Nynorsk: dundre
→ Norwegian Bokmål: dundre
→ Swedish: dundra
Old Dutch: *thuneron
Middle Dutch: donren, donneren, donderen
Dutch: donderen
Old High German: donarōn
Middle High German: donnern
German: donnern

Old Norse: *þonara

Norwegian: tora


talōną

talō (active first-person indicative singular)
talǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
talōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
talōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
talōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
talō (active imperative second-person singular)
talōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
talōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
talōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
talō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
talōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
talōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
talōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
talōs (active dual first-person indicative)
talōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
talōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
talōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
talōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
talōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
talōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
talōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
talōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
talōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
talōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
talōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
talōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
talōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
talōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
talōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
talōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
talōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
talōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
talōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
talōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
talōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
talōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
talōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
talōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
talōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
talōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
talōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
talōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
talōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
talōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
talōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
talōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
talōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
talōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
talōndz (active participle present)
talōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *talōn
Old English: talian
Middle English: talien, talen
English: tale
Scots: tale, tail
Old Frisian: talia
Old Saxon: talōn
Middle Low German: talen
Old Dutch: *talon
Middle Dutch: talen
Dutch: talen
Limburgish: tale
Old High German: zalōn
Middle High German: zalen
Bavarian:
Cimbrian: zaln
Mòcheno: zoln
German: zahlen

Old Norse: tala

Icelandic: tala

Faroese: tala

Norwegian Nynorsk: tala, tale

Norwegian Bokmål: tale

Old Swedish: tala

Swedish: tala

Danish: tale

Gutnish: talä

Jamtish: tæla

Equivalent to *talō (“narration, calculation”) + *-ōną (“denominative verbal suffix”).


talmōną

talmō (active first-person indicative singular)
talmǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
talmōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
talmōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
talmōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
talmō (active imperative second-person singular)
talmōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
talmōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
talmōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
talmō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
talmōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
talmōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
talmōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
talmōs (active dual first-person indicative)
talmōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
talmōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
talmōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
talmōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
talmōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
talmōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
talmōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
talmōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
talmōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
talmōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
talmōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
talmōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
talmōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
talmōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
talmōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
talmōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
talmōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
talmōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
talmōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
talmōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
talmōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
talmōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
talmōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
talmōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
talmōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
talmōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
talmōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
talmōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
talmōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
talmōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
talmōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
talmōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
talmōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
talmōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
talmōndz (active participle present)
talmōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *talmōn
Old English: *talmian
Middle English: talmen
Old Saxon: *talmōn
Middle Low German: talmen
Old Dutch: *talmon
Middle Dutch: talmen
Dutch: talmen

Old Norse: talma

Faroese: talma

Icelandic: tálma

Norwegian Nynorsk: talma

Old Danish: talme

Unclear, possibly related to Proto-Slavic *dьliti.


stampōną

stampō (active first-person indicative singular)
stampǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
stampōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
stampōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
stampōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
stampō (active imperative second-person singular)
stampōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
stampōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
stampōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
stampō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
stampōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
stampōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
stampōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
stampōs (active dual first-person indicative)
stampōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
stampōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
stampōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
stampōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
stampōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
stampōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
stampōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
stampōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
stampōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
stampōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
stampōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
stampōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
stampōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
stampōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
stampōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
stampōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
stampōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
stampōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
stampōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
stampōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
stampōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
stampōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
stampōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
stampōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
stampōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
stampōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
stampōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
stampōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
stampōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
stampōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
stampōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
stampōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
stampōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
stampōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
stampōndz (active participle present)
stampōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *stampōn

Old English: *stampian

Middle English: stampen

English: stamp

Old Saxon: *stampōn

Middle Low German: stampen

Old Dutch: *stampon
Middle Dutch: stampen
Dutch: stampen
Afrikaans: stamp
Berbice Creole Dutch: tambu
Negerhollands: stamp, stam
Skepi Creole Dutch: stamp
→ Papiamentu: stamp (dated)

Old High German: stampfōn

Middle High German: stampfen

German: stampfen

Old Norse: stappa, stampa

Icelandic: stappa

Faroese: stappa

Norwegian Nynorsk: stappa, stappe

Norwegian Bokmål: stappe

Elfdalian: stappa

Swedish: stampa

Danish: stampe

Gothic: *𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌼𐍀𐌾𐌰𐌽 (*stampjan)

→ Old Occitan: estampir

→ Catalan: estampir

From Pre-Germanic *stompnéh₂-, an o-grade iterative possibly related to *stapjaną, *stappōną (“to step”).


nautijaną

nautijō (active first-person indicative singular)
nautijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
nautijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
nautīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
nautijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
nautī (active imperative second-person singular)
nautijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
nautijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
nautīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
nautijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
nautijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
nautijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
nautijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
nautijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
nautijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
nautijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
nautijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
nautijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
nautijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
nautijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
nautijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
nautijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
nautīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
nautijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
nautīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
nautijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
nautijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
nautijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
nautijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
nautijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
nautijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
nautijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
nautidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
nautidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
nautidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
nautidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
nautidē (active indicative singular third-person)
nautidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
nautidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
nautidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
nautidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
nautidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
nautidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
nautidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
nautidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
nautidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
nautidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
nautidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
nautijandz (active participle present)
nautidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *nautijan

Old Frisian: nēta

Old Norse: neyta

Icelandic: neyta

→ Proto-Finnic: *nauttidak (see there for further descendants)

From *neutaną (“to use, enjoy”) + *-janą.