kwakōną

kwakō (active first-person indicative singular)
kwakǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
kwakōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
kwakōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
kwakōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
kwakō (active imperative second-person singular)
kwakōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
kwakōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
kwakōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
kwakō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
kwakōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
kwakōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
kwakōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
kwakōs (active dual first-person indicative)
kwakōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
kwakōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
kwakōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
kwakōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
kwakōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
kwakōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
kwakōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
kwakōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
kwakōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
kwakōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
kwakōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
kwakōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
kwakōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
kwakōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
kwakōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
kwakōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
kwakōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
kwakōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
kwakōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
kwakōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
kwakōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
kwakōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
kwakōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
kwakōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
kwakōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
kwakōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
kwakōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
kwakōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
kwakōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
kwakōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
kwakōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
kwakōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
kwakōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
kwakōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
kwakōndz (active participle present)
kwakōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)
*kwakkōną (alternative)

Proto-West Germanic: *kwakōn
Old English: *cwacian, *cwæcian
Middle English: *quacken, queken (merged with Middle Dutch quacken)
English: quack
Old Frisian: *quakia
West Frisian: kweakje, kwaakje
Saterland Frisian: kwaokje, kwaakje
Old Saxon: *kwakōn, *kwakkōn, *quakōn, *quakkōn
Middle Low German: quāken, quacken
German Low German: quarken
→ German: quaken, quacken
Old Dutch: *quakon, *quakkon
Middle Dutch: quaken, quakken
Dutch: kwaken, kwakken, kwekken

Old Norse: kvaka, *kvakka

Icelandic: kvaka, kvakka

Norwegian:

Norwegian Bokmål: kvake, kvakke

Norwegian Nynorsk: kvake, kvakke

Swedish: kvaka, kvacka

Danish: kvake, kvakke

onomatopoeic

onomatopoeic


fēgōną

fēgō (active first-person indicative singular)
fēgǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
fēgōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
fēgōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
fēgōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
fēgō (active imperative second-person singular)
fēgōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
fēgōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
fēgōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
fēgō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
fēgōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
fēgōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
fēgōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
fēgōs (active dual first-person indicative)
fēgōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
fēgōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
fēgōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
fēgōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
fēgōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
fēgōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
fēgōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
fēgōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
fēgōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
fēgōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
fēgōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
fēgōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
fēgōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
fēgōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
fēgōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
fēgōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
fēgōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
fēgōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
fēgōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
fēgōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
fēgōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
fēgōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
fēgōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
fēgōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
fēgōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
fēgōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
fēgōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
fēgōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
fēgōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
fēgōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
fēgōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
fēgōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
fēgōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
fēgōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
fēgōndz (active participle present)
fēgōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *fāgōn, *fegōn (ablaut variant)
Old Frisian: fēgia
West Frisian: feie, fege
Old Saxon: *fāgōn
Middle Low German: vāgen
Old Dutch: *fāgon
Middle Dutch: vâgen
Dutch: vagen

Old Norse: fága
Icelandic: fága

/ˈfɛː.ɣɔː.nɑ̃/

Uncertain, either from:
* Proto-Indo-European *peh₂ḱ- (“secure, attach, strengthen”), for a similar semantic development see Lithuanian puõsti (“to decorate, make pretty”).
* Or from Proto-Indo-European *peḱ- (“joyful, pretty”), closely related to the strong verb *fehaną.


klibrōną

klibrō (active first-person indicative singular)
klibrǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
klibrōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
klibrōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
klibrōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
klibrō (active imperative second-person singular)
klibrōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
klibrōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
klibrōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
klibrō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
klibrōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
klibrōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
klibrōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
klibrōs (active dual first-person indicative)
klibrōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
klibrōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
klibrōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
klibrōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
klibrōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
klibrōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
klibrōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
klibrōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
klibrōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
klibrōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
klibrōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
klibrōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
klibrōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
klibrōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
klibrōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
klibrōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
klibrōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
klibrōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
klibrōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
klibrōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
klibrōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
klibrōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
klibrōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
klibrōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
klibrōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
klibrōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
klibrōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
klibrōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
klibrōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
klibrōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
klibrōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
klibrōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
klibrōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
klibrōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
klibrōndz (active participle present)
klibrōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *klibrōn
Old English: clifrian
Old High German: *klebarōn
Middle High German: kleberen

Old Norse: klifra

Icelandic: klifra

From *klibāną (“to cling”) + *-rōną (frequentative suffix).


furþōną

furþō (active first-person indicative singular)
furþǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
furþōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
furþōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
furþōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
furþō (active imperative second-person singular)
furþōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
furþōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
furþōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
furþō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
furþōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
furþōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
furþōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
furþōs (active dual first-person indicative)
furþōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
furþōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
furþōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
furþōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
furþōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
furþōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
furþōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
furþōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
furþōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
furþōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
furþōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
furþōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
furþōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
furþōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
furþōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
furþōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
furþōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
furþōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
furþōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
furþōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
furþōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
furþōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
furþōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
furþōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
furþōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
furþōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
furþōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
furþōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
furþōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
furþōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
furþōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
furþōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
furþōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
furþōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
furþōndz (active participle present)
furþōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *forþōn
Old English: forþian
Old Saxon: *forþōn
Middle Low German: vōrden
Old Dutch: *forþon
Middle Dutch: vorden, voorden

Old Norse: forða

Icelandic: forða

/ˈɸur.θɔː.nɑ̃/


būwāną

būwō (active first-person indicative singular)
būwaisi (active indicative second-person singular)
būwai (active imperative second-person singular)
būwāsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
būwaiþi (active indicative singular third-person)
būwāþau (active imperative singular third-person)
būwāþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
būwōs (active dual first-person indicative)
būwāþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
būwāþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
būwāmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
būwānþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
būwaiþ (active indicative plural second-person)
būwaiþ (active imperative plural second-person)
būwānþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
būwānþi (active indicative plural third-person)
būwānþau (active imperative plural third-person)
būwānþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
būwadǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
būwadēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
būwadēz (active indicative second-person singular)
būwadēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
būwadē (active indicative singular third-person)
būwadēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
būwadēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
būwadēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
būwadēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
būwadēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
būwadēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
būwadēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
būwadēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
būwadēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
būwadēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
būwadēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
būwāndz (active participle present)
būwadaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *būwēn
Old English: bogian, bugian
Old Frisian: bogia

Old Norse: byggja, byggva (if not from *būwijaną instead)

Icelandic: byggja

Faroese: byggja

Norwegian Nynorsk: byggja, byggje, byge

Norwegian Bokmål: bygge

Swedish: bygga

Danish: bygge

Elfdalian: byddja

→ Scots: big


gliwāną

gliwō (active first-person indicative singular)
gliwaisi (active indicative second-person singular)
gliwai (active imperative second-person singular)
gliwāsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
gliwaiþi (active indicative singular third-person)
gliwāþau (active imperative singular third-person)
gliwāþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
gliwōs (active dual first-person indicative)
gliwāþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
gliwāþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
gliwāmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
gliwānþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
gliwaiþ (active indicative plural second-person)
gliwaiþ (active imperative plural second-person)
gliwānþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
gliwānþi (active indicative plural third-person)
gliwānþau (active imperative plural third-person)
gliwānþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
gliwadǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
gliwadēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
gliwadēz (active indicative second-person singular)
gliwadēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
gliwadē (active indicative singular third-person)
gliwadēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
gliwadēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
gliwadēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
gliwadēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
gliwadēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
gliwadēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
gliwadēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
gliwadēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
gliwadēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
gliwadēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
gliwadēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
gliwāndz (active participle present)
gliwadaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Old Norse: gljá

Icelandic: gljá

Faroese: glíggja

Norwegian:

Norwegian Nynorsk: gljå, glå

From *ǵʰli-u-eh₁- an extended form of *ǵʰley-.


mēlōną

mēlō (active first-person indicative singular)
mēlǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
mēlōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
mēlōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
mēlōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
mēlō (active imperative second-person singular)
mēlōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
mēlōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
mēlōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
mēlō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
mēlōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
mēlōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
mēlōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
mēlōs (active dual first-person indicative)
mēlōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
mēlōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
mēlōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
mēlōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
mēlōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
mēlōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
mēlōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
mēlōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
mēlōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
mēlōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
mēlōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
mēlōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
mēlōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
mēlōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
mēlōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
mēlōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
mēlōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
mēlōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
mēlōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
mēlōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
mēlōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
mēlōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
mēlōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
mēlōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
mēlōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
mēlōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
mēlōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
mēlōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
mēlōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
mēlōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
mēlōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
mēlōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
mēlōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
mēlōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
mēlōndz (active participle present)
mēlōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *mālōn
Old Frisian: mēlia
West Frisian: mielje
Saterland Frisian: moalje
Old Saxon: mālōn
Middle Low German: mālen
German Low German: malen
→ Danish: male
→ Old Swedish: māla
Swedish: måla
Old Dutch: *mālon
Middle Dutch: mâlen
Dutch: malen
Afrikaans: maal
Berbice Creole Dutch: mali
Negerhollands: maal
Limburgish: male
Old High German: mālōn, mālēn
Middle High German: mālen
German: malen
→ Polish: malować
Yiddish: מאָלן (moln)

Old Norse: mála

Icelandic: mála

Faroese: mála

Norwegian Nynorsk: måla, måle

Norwegian Bokmål: male

Swedish: måla

Danish: male

/ˈmɛː.lɔː.nɑ̃/

Related to *mēlą (“stain, mark, spot”) + *-ōną.


graipōną

graipō (active first-person indicative singular)
graipǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
graipōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
graipōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
graipōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
graipō (active imperative second-person singular)
graipōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
graipōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
graipōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
graipō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
graipōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
graipōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
graipōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
graipōs (active dual first-person indicative)
graipōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
graipōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
graipōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
graipōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
graipōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
graipōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
graipōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
graipōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
graipōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
graipōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
graipōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
graipōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
graipōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
graipōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
graipōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
graipōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
graipōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
graipōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
graipōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
graipōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
graipōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
graipōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
graipōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
graipōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
graipōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
graipōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
graipōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
graipōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
graipōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
graipōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
graipōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
graipōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
graipōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
graipōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
graipōndz (active participle present)
graipōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *graipōn
Old English: grāpian
Middle English: gropen
English: grope
Old High German: greifōn
Middle High German: greifen

Old Norse: greipa

Icelandic: greipa

Faroese: greipa

/ˈɣrɑi̯.pɔː.nɑ̃/

From Proto-Indo-European *gʰroybʰ-néh₂-ti, an o-grade iterative verb from *gʰreybʰ- (“to grab, grasp”).
Or possibly from *graipō (“a grasp”) + *-ōną.


īsāną

īsō (active first-person indicative singular)
īsaisi (active indicative second-person singular)
īsai (active imperative second-person singular)
īsāsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
īsaiþi (active indicative singular third-person)
īsāþau (active imperative singular third-person)
īsāþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
īsōs (active dual first-person indicative)
īsāþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
īsāþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
īsāmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
īsānþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
īsaiþ (active indicative plural second-person)
īsaiþ (active imperative plural second-person)
īsānþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
īsānþi (active indicative plural third-person)
īsānþau (active imperative plural third-person)
īsānþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
īsadǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
īsadēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
īsadēz (active indicative second-person singular)
īsadēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
īsadē (active indicative singular third-person)
īsadēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
īsadēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
īsadēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
īsadēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
īsadēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
īsadēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
īsadēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
īsadēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
īsadēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
īsadēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
īsadēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
īsāndz (active participle present)
īsadaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *īsēn
Old English: *īsian
Middle English: īsen
Old Frisian: *īsia
West Frisian: iizje
Old Saxon: *īsōn
Middle Low German: īsen
Old Dutch: *īson
Middle Dutch: *isen
Dutch: ijzen
Afrikaans: ys
Old High German: īsēn
Middle High German: īsen
German: eisen

Old Norse: ísa

Faroese: ísa

Icelandic: ísa

/ˈī.sɑː.nɑ̃/

to become covered with ice, to freeze over


mēlāną

mēlō (active first-person indicative singular)
mēlaisi (active indicative second-person singular)
mēlai (active imperative second-person singular)
mēlāsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
mēlaiþi (active indicative singular third-person)
mēlāþau (active imperative singular third-person)
mēlāþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
mēlōs (active dual first-person indicative)
mēlāþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
mēlāþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
mēlāmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
mēlānþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
mēlaiþ (active indicative plural second-person)
mēlaiþ (active imperative plural second-person)
mēlānþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
mēlānþi (active indicative plural third-person)
mēlānþau (active imperative plural third-person)
mēlānþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
mēladǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
mēladēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
mēladēz (active indicative second-person singular)
mēladēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
mēladē (active indicative singular third-person)
mēladēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
mēladēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
mēladēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
mēladēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
mēladēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
mēladēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
mēladēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
mēladēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
mēladēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
mēladēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
mēladēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
mēlāndz (active participle present)
mēladaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *mālēn
Old Frisian: mēlia
West Frisian: mielje
Saterland Frisian: moalje
Old Saxon: mālōn
Middle Low German: mâlen
German Low German: malen
→ Danish: male
→ Old Swedish: māla
Swedish: måla
Old Dutch: *mālon
Middle Dutch: mâlen
Dutch: malen
Limburgish: maole
Old High German: mālēn
Middle High German: mālen
German: malen
→ Polish: malować
Yiddish: מאָלן (moln)

Old Norse: mála

Icelandic: mála

Faroese: mála

Norwegian Nynorsk: måla, måle

Norwegian Bokmål: male

Swedish: måla

Danish: male

/ˈmɛː.lɔː.nɑ̃/

Related to *mēlą (“stain, mark, spot”) + *-āną.


niwjōną

niwjō (active first-person indicative singular)
niwjǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
niwjōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
niwjōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
niwjōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
niwjō (active imperative second-person singular)
niwjōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
niwjōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
niwjōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
niwjō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
niwjōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
niwjōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
niwjōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
niwjōs (active dual first-person indicative)
niwjōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
niwjōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
niwjōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
niwjōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
niwjōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
niwjōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
niwjōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
niwjōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
niwjōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
niwjōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
niwjōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
niwjōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
niwjōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
niwjōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
niwjōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
niwjōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
niwjōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
niwjōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
niwjōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
niwjōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
niwjōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
niwjōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
niwjōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
niwjōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
niwjōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
niwjōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
niwjōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
niwjōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
niwjōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
niwjōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
niwjōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
niwjōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
niwjōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
niwjōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
niwjōndz (active participle present)
niwjōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *niuwjōn
Old English: nīewian, nīwian, nēowian, nīwiġan
Middle English: newen
English: new
Scots: neu, new
⇒ Middle English: anewen
⇒ Middle English: renewen
English: renew
Scots: renew
Old Frisian: nīa
⇒ Old Frisian: fornīa
Saterland Frisian: fernäije
West Frisian: fernije
⇒ Old Frisian: urnīa
Old Saxon: *niuwōn
Middle Low German: nü̂wen, nîgen, nîen
⇒ Middle Low German: vörnîen, vornîen, vorniegen, vornigen, vorniggen, vernîen
German Low German: vernejen, vernien, verneen
⇒ Middle Low German: vörnîeren, vörnü̂weren
Old Dutch: *niuwon
Middle Dutch: niewen
Dutch: nieuwen (dialectal)
⇒ Middle Dutch: verniewen, verniën
Dutch: vernieuwen
Old High German: niuwōn
Middle High German: niuwen
German: neuen (archaic)
⇒ Middle High German: verniuwen, verniun, vernūen, vernūwen, vernuowen, ferniuwen
German: verneuen (archaic)
⇒ Middle High German: verniuweren, verniuwern, ferniuwern
German: verneuern (archaic)
⇒ Old High German: irniuwōn
Middle High German: erniuwen, irniuwen, erniuen, irniuen, ernūwen, irnūwen
German: erneuen (archaic)
⇒ Middle High German: erniuweren, erniuwern, irniuwern, ernūwern, irwūwern
German: erneuern

Old Norse: nýja

Icelandic: nýja


fagāną

fagō (active first-person indicative singular)
fagaisi (active indicative second-person singular)
fagai (active imperative second-person singular)
fagāsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
fagaiþi (active indicative singular third-person)
fagāþau (active imperative singular third-person)
fagāþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
fagōs (active dual first-person indicative)
fagāþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
fagāþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
fagāmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
fagānþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
fagaiþ (active indicative plural second-person)
fagaiþ (active imperative plural second-person)
fagānþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
fagānþi (active indicative plural third-person)
fagānþau (active imperative plural third-person)
fagānþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
fagadǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
fagadēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
fagadēz (active indicative second-person singular)
fagadēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
fagadē (active indicative singular third-person)
fagadēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
fagadēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
fagadēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
fagadēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
fagadēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
fagadēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
fagadēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
fagadēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
fagadēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
fagadēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
fagadēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
fagāndz (active participle present)
fagadaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *fagēn
Old English: *fagian
Middle English: fagen
Old Frisian: fagia
Old Saxon: *fagōn
>? Middle Low German: fagen, vagen (to make use of the land)
Old High German: fagēn, fagōn
>? Middle High German: fagen, fagen (to be obedient)

Gothic: *𐍆𐌰𐌷𐌰𐌽 (*fahān)

⇒ Gothic: 𐍆𐌰𐌷𐌴𐌸𐍃 (fahēþs)

/ˈfɑɣɑː.nɑ̃/

From Proto-Indo-European *peḱ- (“joyfull, pretty”), closely related to the strong verb *fehaną.


sufjōną

sufjō (active first-person indicative singular)
sufjǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
sufjōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
sufjōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
sufjōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
sufjō (active imperative second-person singular)
sufjōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
sufjōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
sufjōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
sufjō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
sufjōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
sufjōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
sufjōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
sufjōs (active dual first-person indicative)
sufjōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
sufjōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
sufjōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
sufjōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
sufjōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
sufjōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
sufjōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
sufjōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
sufjōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
sufjōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
sufjōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
sufjōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
sufjōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
sufjōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
sufjōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
sufjōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
sufjōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
sufjōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
sufjōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
sufjōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
sufjōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
sufjōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
sufjōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
sufjōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
sufjōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
sufjōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
sufjōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
sufjōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
sufjōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
sufjōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
sufjōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
sufjōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
sufjōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
sufjōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
sufjōndz (active participle present)
sufjōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *suffjōn

Old Dutch: *suffon

Middle Dutch: suffen

Dutch: suffen

→? Dutch Low Saxon: suffen

→? West Frisian: suffe

Old Norse: syfja

Icelandic: syfja

(impersonal, with accusative) to become sleepy, to doze off


wanāną

wanō (active first-person indicative singular)
wanaisi (active indicative second-person singular)
wanai (active imperative second-person singular)
wanāsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
wanaiþi (active indicative singular third-person)
wanāþau (active imperative singular third-person)
wanāþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
wanōs (active dual first-person indicative)
wanāþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
wanāþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
wanāmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
wanānþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
wanaiþ (active indicative plural second-person)
wanaiþ (active imperative plural second-person)
wanānþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
wanānþi (active indicative plural third-person)
wanānþau (active imperative plural third-person)
wanānþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
wanadǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
wanadēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
wanadēz (active indicative second-person singular)
wanadēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
wanadē (active indicative singular third-person)
wanadēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
wanadēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
wanadēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
wanadēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
wanadēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
wanadēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
wanadēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
wanadēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
wanadēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
wanadēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
wanadēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
wanāndz (active participle present)
wanadaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *wanēn
Old English: wanian, wonian
Middle English: wanien, wonien, wanen
Scots: wan, wane
English: wane
Old Frisian: wania, wonia
Old Saxon: wanōn
Old Dutch: *wanon
Middle Dutch: wānen
Old High German: wanōn

Old Norse: vana

Icelandic: vana

Gothic: *𐍅𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌽 (*wanān)

⇒ Gothic: 𐍅𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌹𐌽𐍃 (wanains)

/ˈwɑnɑː.nɑ̃/


nēhwāną

nēhwō (active first-person indicative singular)
nēhwaisi (active indicative second-person singular)
nēhwai (active imperative second-person singular)
nēhwāsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
nēhwaiþi (active indicative singular third-person)
nēhwāþau (active imperative singular third-person)
nēhwāþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
nēhwōs (active dual first-person indicative)
nēhwāþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
nēhwāþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
nēhwāmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
nēhwānþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
nēhwaiþ (active indicative plural second-person)
nēhwaiþ (active imperative plural second-person)
nēhwānþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
nēhwānþi (active indicative plural third-person)
nēhwānþau (active imperative plural third-person)
nēhwānþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
nēhwadǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
nēhwadēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
nēhwadēz (active indicative second-person singular)
nēhwadēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
nēhwadē (active indicative singular third-person)
nēhwadēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
nēhwadēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
nēhwadēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
nēhwadēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
nēhwadēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
nēhwadēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
nēhwadēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
nēhwadēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
nēhwadēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
nēhwadēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
nēhwadēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
nēhwāndz (active participle present)
nēhwadaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *nāhwēn
Old English: *nēahian, *nēahwian
⇒ Old English: ġenēahian, ġenēahwian
Middle English: neighen
English: nigh
Old Saxon: *nāhōn
Middle Low German: nâgen
Old Dutch: *nāhon
Middle Dutch: nâen
Old High German: nāhēn
Middle High German: nahen
German: nahen

Old Norse: ná
Icelandic: ná
Norwegian:
Norwegian Bokmål: nå
Norwegian Nynorsk: nå
Swedish: nå
Danish: nå

/ˈnɛː.xʷɑː.nɑ̃/


laiþāną

laiþō (active first-person indicative singular)
laiþaisi (active indicative second-person singular)
laiþai (active imperative second-person singular)
laiþāsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
laiþaiþi (active indicative singular third-person)
laiþāþau (active imperative singular third-person)
laiþāþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
laiþōs (active dual first-person indicative)
laiþāþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
laiþāþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
laiþāmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
laiþānþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
laiþaiþ (active indicative plural second-person)
laiþaiþ (active imperative plural second-person)
laiþānþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
laiþānþi (active indicative plural third-person)
laiþānþau (active imperative plural third-person)
laiþānþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
laiþadǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
laiþadēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
laiþadēz (active indicative second-person singular)
laiþadēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
laiþadē (active indicative singular third-person)
laiþadēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
laiþadēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
laiþadēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
laiþadēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
laiþadēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
laiþadēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
laiþadēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
laiþadēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
laiþadēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
laiþadēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
laiþadēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
laiþāndz (active participle present)
laiþadaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *laiþēn
Old English: lāþian
Middle English: lathen, lothen
English: loathe
→ Scots: lothe
Scots: lathe, laith
Old Saxon: lēthōn
Old Dutch: *lēthon
Middle Dutch: lêden
Old High German: leidēn, leidōn
Middle High German: leiden

Old Norse: leiða, leiðask

Icelandic: leiða, leiðast

Danish: ledes


flekkōną

flekkō (active first-person indicative singular)
flekkǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
flekkōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
flekkōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
flekkōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
flekkō (active imperative second-person singular)
flekkōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
flekkōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
flekkōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
flekkō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
flekkōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
flekkōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
flekkōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
flekkōs (active dual first-person indicative)
flekkōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
flekkōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
flekkōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
flekkōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
flekkōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
flekkōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
flekkōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
flekkōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
flekkōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
flekkōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
flekkōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
flekkōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
flekkōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
flekkōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
flekkōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
flekkōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
flekkōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
flekkōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
flekkōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
flekkōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
flekkōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
flekkōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
flekkōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
flekkōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
flekkōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
flekkōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
flekkōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
flekkōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
flekkōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
flekkōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
flekkōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
flekkōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
flekkōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
flekkōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
flekkōndz (active participle present)
flekkōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *flekkōn
Old English: *fleccian
Middle English: *flekken (attested as flekked)
English: fleck
Old Frisian: flekkia
>? West Frisian: flekke (a class 1 weak verb, possibly borrowed from Dutch instead)
Old Dutch: *flekkon
Middle Dutch: vlecken
Dutch: vlekken
Old High German: *flekkōn
⇒ Old High German: giflekkōn
Middle High German: vlecken
German: flecken
Luxembourgish: flecken

Old Norse: flekka

Norwegian:

Norwegian Bokmål: flekke

Norwegian Nynorsk: flekke, flekka

Swedish: fläcka


bitōną

bitō (active first-person indicative singular)
bitǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
bitōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
bitōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
bitōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
bitō (active imperative second-person singular)
bitōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
bitōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
bitōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
bitō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
bitōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
bitōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
bitōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
bitōs (active dual first-person indicative)
bitōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
bitōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
bitōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
bitōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
bitōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
bitōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
bitōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
bitōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
bitōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
bitōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
bitōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
bitōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
bitōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
bitōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
bitōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
bitōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
bitōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
bitōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
bitōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
bitōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
bitōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
bitōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
bitōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
bitōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
bitōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
bitōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
bitōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
bitōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
bitōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
bitōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
bitōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
bitōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
bitōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
bitōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
bitōndz (active participle present)
bitōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *bitōn
Old English: *bitian
⇒ Old English: gristbitian
Middle English: grisbiten, grysbetten (merged with descendant of *gristbittan)
English: gristbite
Old High German: *bizōn, *bizzōn
⇒ Old High German: inbizōn, imbizōn
⇒? Middle High German: durchbitzen

Old Norse: bita

Icelandic: bita

From *bitô (“piece, bit, chunk”) + *-ōną, or of iterative origin (see *bītaną).


gapōną

gapō (active first-person indicative singular)
gapǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
gapōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
gapōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
gapōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
gapō (active imperative second-person singular)
gapōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
gapōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
gapōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
gapō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
gapōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
gapōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
gapōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
gapōs (active dual first-person indicative)
gapōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
gapōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
gapōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
gapōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
gapōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
gapōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
gapōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
gapōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
gapōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
gapōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
gapōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
gapōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
gapōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
gapōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
gapōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
gapōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
gapōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
gapōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
gapōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
gapōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
gapōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
gapōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
gapōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
gapōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
gapōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
gapōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
gapōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
gapōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
gapōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
gapōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
gapōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
gapōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
gapōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
gapōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
gapōndz (active participle present)
gapōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *gapōn
Old English: *gapian
⇒ Old English: ofergapian
Middle English: gapen (Possibly from Old Norse)
English: gape
Old Frisian: *gapia
West Frisian: gapje
Old Saxon: *gapōn
Middle Low German: gapen
Old Dutch: gapon
Middle Dutch: gāpen
Dutch: gapen
Afrikaans: gaap
Old High German: *gaffōn
Middle High German: gaffen
German: gaffen

Old Norse: gapa
→ Middle English: gapen
English: gape
Icelandic: gapa
Norwegian:
Norwegian Bokmål: gape
Norwegian Nynorsk: gapa, gape
Swedish: gapa

/ˈɣɑ.pɔː.nɑ̃/

From Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰeh₂- (“to gape, be wide open”), closely related to *gabbōną (“to joke, to mock”).


gabbōną

gabbō (active first-person indicative singular)
gabbǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
gabbōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
gabbōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
gabbōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
gabbō (active imperative second-person singular)
gabbōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
gabbōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
gabbōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
gabbō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
gabbōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
gabbōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
gabbōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
gabbōs (active dual first-person indicative)
gabbōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
gabbōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
gabbōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
gabbōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
gabbōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
gabbōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
gabbōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
gabbōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
gabbōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
gabbōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
gabbōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
gabbōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
gabbōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
gabbōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
gabbōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
gabbōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
gabbōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
gabbōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
gabbōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
gabbōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
gabbōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
gabbōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
gabbōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
gabbōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
gabbōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
gabbōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
gabbōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
gabbōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
gabbōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
gabbōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
gabbōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
gabbōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
gabbōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
gabbōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
gabbōndz (active participle present)
gabbōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *gabbōn
Old English: *gabbian, gabban
Middle English: gabben
English: gab
⇒ English: gabble (possibly borrowed from Dutch)
Old Frisian: gabbia
⇒ Saterland Frisian: gabbelje
West Frisian: gabbje
Old Saxon: *gabbōn
Middle Low German: gabben
⇒ German Low German: gabbeln
Old Dutch: *gabbon
Middle Dutch: gabben
Dutch: gabben
→⇒ Swedish: begabba
⇒ Dutch: gabbelen
⇒ Dutch: ginnegappen, ginnegabben, ginnegaffen

Old Norse: gabba
Icelandic: gabba
→ Old French: gaber, gaiber, jaber
Middle French: gaber
French: gaber

/ˈɣɑb.bɔː.nɑ̃/

Kroonen reconstructs an iterative verb *gʰHbʰnéh₂- derived from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰeh₂- (“to gape, be wide open”), but only the variant with a geminate -bb- in the root is actually attested in the descendants.


munāną

munō (active first-person indicative singular)
munaisi (active indicative second-person singular)
munai (active imperative second-person singular)
munāsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
munaiþi (active indicative singular third-person)
munāþau (active imperative singular third-person)
munāþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
munōs (active dual first-person indicative)
munāþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
munāþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
munāmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
munānþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
munaiþ (active indicative plural second-person)
munaiþ (active imperative plural second-person)
munānþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
munānþi (active indicative plural third-person)
munānþau (active imperative plural third-person)
munānþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
munadǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
munadēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
munadēz (active indicative second-person singular)
munadēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
munadē (active indicative singular third-person)
munadēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
munadēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
munadēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
munadēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
munadēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
munadēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
munadēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
munadēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
munadēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
munadēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
munadēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
munāndz (active participle present)
munadaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *munēn
Old English: mynian (with unexpected umlaut, possibly backformed to the noun)

Old Norse: muna (only the weak inflected forms)

Gothic: munān

From *munaną (“to think, consider”) + *-āną or *muniz (“mind, desire”) + *-āną.


furimunāną

furimunō (active first-person indicative singular)
furimunaisi (active indicative second-person singular)
furimunai (active imperative second-person singular)
furimunāsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
furimunaiþi (active indicative singular third-person)
furimunāþau (active imperative singular third-person)
furimunāþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
furimunōs (active dual first-person indicative)
furimunāþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
furimunāþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
furimunāmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
furimunānþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
furimunaiþ (active indicative plural second-person)
furimunaiþ (active imperative plural second-person)
furimunānþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
furimunānþi (active indicative plural third-person)
furimunānþau (active imperative plural third-person)
furimunānþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
furimunadǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
furimunadēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
furimunadēz (active indicative second-person singular)
furimunadēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
furimunadē (active indicative singular third-person)
furimunadēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
furimunadēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
furimunadēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
furimunadēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
furimunadēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
furimunadēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
furimunadēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
furimunadēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
furimunadēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
furimunadēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
furimunadēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
furimunāndz (active participle present)
furimunadaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *furimunēn
Old Dutch: *farmunon
Middle Dutch: vermōnen
Old High German: firmonēn

Old Norse: fyrmuna

Icelandic: fyrirmuna

From *furi- + *munāną (“to strive, to value”).


turnaną

turnō (active first-person indicative singular)
turnaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
turnōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
turnais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
turnō (active imperative second-person singular)
turnōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
turnai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
turnōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
turnōs (active dual first-person indicative)
turnaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
turnaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
turnaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
turnaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
turnamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
turnaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
turnaþ (active indicative plural second-person)
turnaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
turnaþ (active imperative plural second-person)
turnanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
turnain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
turnanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
turnōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
turnōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
turnōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
turnōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
turnōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
turnōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
turnōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
turnōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
turnōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
turnōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
turnōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
turnōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
turnōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
turnōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
turnōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
turnōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
turnandz (active participle present)
turnō (active first-person indicative singular)
turnaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
turnai (first-person indicative passive singular)
turnizi (active indicative second-person singular)
turnaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
turn (active imperative second-person singular)
turnazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
turnaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
turnidi (active indicative singular third-person)
turnai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
turnadau (active imperative singular third-person)
turnadai (indicative passive singular third-person)
turnaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
turnōz (active dual first-person indicative)
turnaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
turnadiz (active dual indicative second-person)
turnaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
turnadiz (active dual imperative second-person)
turnamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
turnaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
turnandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
turnaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
turnid (active indicative plural second-person)
turnaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
turnid (active imperative plural second-person)
turnandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
turnaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
turnandi (active indicative plural third-person)
turnain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
turnandau (active imperative plural third-person)
turnandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
turnaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
tarn (active first-person indicative singular)
turnį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
tarnt (active indicative second-person singular)
turnīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
tarn (active indicative singular third-person)
turnī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
turnū (active dual first-person indicative)
turnīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
turnudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
turnīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
turnum (active first-person indicative plural)
turnīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
turnud (active indicative plural second-person)
turnīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
turnun (active indicative plural third-person)
turnīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
turnandz (active participle present)
turnanaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *tornōn
Old Dutch: *tornon
Middle Dutch: tornen (conflated with the descendant of *trannijaną)
Dutch: tornen

Gothic: *𐍄𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌽𐌰𐌽 (*taurnan)

⇒ Gothic: 𐌰𐍆𐍄𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌽𐌰𐌽 (aftaurnan)

⇒ Gothic: 𐌳𐌹𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌽𐌰𐌽 (distaurnan)

⇒ Gothic: 𐌲𐌰𐍄𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌽𐌰𐌽 (gataurnan)

From Proto-Indo-European *dr̥-nh₂-tór, middle voice of neh₂-present Proto-Indo-European *dr̥-néh₂-ti, from *der- (“to tear apart, shatter”), whence also *teraną (“to tear”). Cognate with Sanskrit दृणाति (dṛṇā́ti, “to tear”).


timrōną

timrō (active first-person indicative singular)
timrǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
timrōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
timrōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
timrōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
timrō (active imperative second-person singular)
timrōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
timrōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
timrōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
timrō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
timrōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
timrōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
timrōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
timrōs (active dual first-person indicative)
timrōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
timrōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
timrōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
timrōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
timrōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
timrōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
timrōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
timrōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
timrōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
timrōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
timrōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
timrōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
timrōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
timrōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
timrōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
timrōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
timrōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
timrōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
timrōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
timrōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
timrōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
timrōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
timrōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
timrōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
timrōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
timrōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
timrōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
timrōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
timrōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
timrōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
timrōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
timrōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
timrōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
timrōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
timrōndz (active participle present)
timrōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *timrōn
Old English: timbrian
Middle English: timbren
English: timber
Old Frisian: timbria, timmeria
North Frisian: timmerjen
Old Saxon: timbrōn
Middle Low German: timberen, timmeren
Old High German: zimbarōn
Middle High German: zimbern
German: zimmern

Old Norse: timbra
Icelandic: timbra
Faroese: timbra
Old Swedish: timbra
Swedish: timra
Danish: tömre


hungrōną

hungrō (active first-person indicative singular)
hungrǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
hungrōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
hungrōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
hungrōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
hungrō (active imperative second-person singular)
hungrōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
hungrōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
hungrōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
hungrō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
hungrōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
hungrōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
hungrōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
hungrōs (active dual first-person indicative)
hungrōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
hungrōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
hungrōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
hungrōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
hungrōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
hungrōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
hungrōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
hungrōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
hungrōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
hungrōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
hungrōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
hungrōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
hungrōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
hungrōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
hungrōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
hungrōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
hungrōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
hungrōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
hungrōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
hungrōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
hungrōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
hungrōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
hungrōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
hungrōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
hungrōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
hungrōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
hungrōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
hungrōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
hungrōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
hungrōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
hungrōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
hungrōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
hungrōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
hungrōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
hungrōndz (active participle present)
hungrōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *hungrōn
Old English: *hungrian
Middle English: hungren (merged with descendants of *hungrijan)
Scots: hungir
English: hunger
Old Frisian: hungeria
West Frisian: hongerje
Old High German: hungarōn
Middle High German: hungeren
Cimbrian: hungaran
German: hungern

Old Norse: hungra

Icelandic: hungra

Swedish: hungra

(impersonal, with accusative) to be hungry, starve


slagōną

slagō (active first-person indicative singular)
slagǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
slagōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
slagōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
slagōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
slagō (active imperative second-person singular)
slagōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
slagōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
slagōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
slagō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
slagōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
slagōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
slagōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
slagōs (active dual first-person indicative)
slagōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
slagōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
slagōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
slagōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
slagōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
slagōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
slagōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
slagōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
slagōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
slagōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
slagōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
slagōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
slagōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
slagōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
slagōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
slagōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
slagōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
slagōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
slagōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
slagōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
slagōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
slagōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
slagōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
slagōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
slagōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
slagōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
slagōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
slagōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
slagōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
slagōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
slagōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
slagōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
slagōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
slagōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
slagōndz (active participle present)
slagōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *slagōn
Old Frisian: slagia
Old Saxon: *slagōn
Middle Low German: slāgen
Old Dutch: *slagon
⇒ Old Dutch: upslagon
Middle Dutch: slagen
Dutch: slagen
Old High German: slagōn
Middle High German: slagen
German: schlagen (conflated with descendant of *slahan)

Old Norse: slaga

Icelandic: slaga

From *slagą, *slagiz (“blow, strike”) + *-ōną.


bukkōną

bukkō (active first-person indicative singular)
bukkǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
bukkōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
bukkōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
bukkōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
bukkō (active imperative second-person singular)
bukkōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
bukkōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
bukkōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
bukkō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
bukkōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
bukkōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
bukkōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
bukkōs (active dual first-person indicative)
bukkōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
bukkōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
bukkōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
bukkōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
bukkōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
bukkōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
bukkōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
bukkōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
bukkōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
bukkōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
bukkōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
bukkōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
bukkōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
bukkōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
bukkōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
bukkōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
bukkōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
bukkōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
bukkōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
bukkōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
bukkōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
bukkōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
bukkōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
bukkōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
bukkōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
bukkōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
bukkōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
bukkōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
bukkōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
bukkōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
bukkōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
bukkōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
bukkōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
bukkōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
bukkōndz (active participle present)
bukkōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *bukkōn
Old Frisian: bukkia
Old Saxon: *bukkōn
Middle Low German: bucken, bocken
→ Danish: bukke
Old Dutch: *bokkon
Middle Dutch: bocken
Dutch: bukken (merged with the descendant of *bukkjan)
→ English: buck
Old High German: *bukkōn
Middle High German: bucken, bocken

Old Norse: buga, *boga, *bukka

Icelandic: buga

Faroese: buga, boga, bukka

Norwegian:

Norwegian Bokmål: bukke

Norwegian Nynorsk: bukke, buge, bukka, buga

Swedish: bocka

From earlier paradigm *bukkōþi ~ *bugunanþi, from pre-Proto-Germanic *bʰugʰ-nā́-ti ~ *bʰugʰ-un-ánti, iterative to *beuganą (“to bend, bow”).


bulōną

bulō (active first-person indicative singular)
bulǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
bulōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
bulōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
bulōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
bulō (active imperative second-person singular)
bulōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
bulōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
bulōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
bulō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
bulōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
bulōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
bulōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
bulōs (active dual first-person indicative)
bulōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
bulōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
bulōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
bulōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
bulōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
bulōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
bulōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
bulōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
bulōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
bulōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
bulōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
bulōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
bulōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
bulōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
bulōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
bulōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
bulōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
bulōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
bulōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
bulōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
bulōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
bulōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
bulōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
bulōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
bulōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
bulōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
bulōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
bulōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
bulōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
bulōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
bulōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
bulōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
bulōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
bulōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
bulōndz (active participle present)
bulōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *bolōn
Old Frisian: *bolia
West Frisian: bolje
Old Dutch:
Middle Dutch:
>? Dutch: bollen (the meaning "to roll, play with a ball" is dialectal, possbily backformed to bol)
Old High German: bolōn
Middle High German: bolen

Old Norse: bola

>? Faroese: bola

Icelandic: bola


spurōną

spurō (active first-person indicative singular)
spurǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
spurōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
spurōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
spurōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
spurō (active imperative second-person singular)
spurōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
spurōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
spurōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
spurō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
spurōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
spurōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
spurōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
spurōs (active dual first-person indicative)
spurōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
spurōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
spurōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
spurōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
spurōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
spurōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
spurōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
spurōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
spurōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
spurōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
spurōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
spurōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
spurōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
spurōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
spurōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
spurōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
spurōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
spurōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
spurōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
spurōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
spurōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
spurōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
spurōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
spurōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
spurōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
spurōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
spurōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
spurōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
spurōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
spurōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
spurōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
spurōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
spurōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
spurōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
spurōndz (active participle present)
spurōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *sporōn
Old Frisian: *sporia
West Frisian: spoarje, spoare
Old Saxon: *sporōn
Middle Low German: spōren
Old Dutch: *sporon
Middle Dutch: spōren
Dutch: sporen

Old Norse: spora

Danish: spore

Faroese: spora

Icelandic: spora

Norwegian:

Norwegian Bokmål: spore

Norwegian Nynorsk: spore, spora

Swedish: spåra


spurōną

Proto-West Germanic: *sporōn

Old English: *sporian

Middle English: sporen, spuren, spurren, spore, spurie, sporie
English: spur
Scots: spur

Old Dutch: *sporon

Middle Dutch: spōren

Dutch: sporen

Old High German: sporōn

Middle High German: sporen

Old Norse: spora

Danish: spore


lagōną

lagō (active first-person indicative singular)
lagǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
lagōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
lagōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
lagōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
lagō (active imperative second-person singular)
lagōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
lagōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
lagōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
lagō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
lagōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
lagōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
lagōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
lagōs (active dual first-person indicative)
lagōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
lagōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
lagōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
lagōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
lagōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
lagōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
lagōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
lagōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
lagōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
lagōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
lagōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
lagōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
lagōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
lagōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
lagōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
lagōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
lagōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
lagōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
lagōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
lagōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
lagōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
lagōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
lagōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
lagōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
lagōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
lagōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
lagōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
lagōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
lagōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
lagōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
lagōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
lagōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
lagōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
lagōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
lagōndz (active participle present)
lagōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *lagōn
Old English: lagian
Middle English: *laȝen, lahen, *laghen, *lawen
English: law
Scots: law
Old Frisian: lagia

Old Norse: laga
Danish: lave
Faroese: laga
Icelandic: laga
Norwegian Nynorsk: laga, lage
Norwegian Bokmål: lage
Swedish: laga

/ˈlɑ.ɣɔː.nɑ̃/

From Proto-Indo-European *legʰ- (“to lie”). Possibly derived from *lagą (“law, situation, shape”) + *-ōną.


maganōną

maganō (active first-person indicative singular)
maganǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
maganōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
maganōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
maganōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
maganō (active imperative second-person singular)
maganōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
maganōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
maganōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
maganō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
maganōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
maganōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
maganōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
maganōs (active dual first-person indicative)
maganōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
maganōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
maganōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
maganōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
maganōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
maganōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
maganōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
maganōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
maganōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
maganōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
maganōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
maganōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
maganōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
maganōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
maganōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
maganōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
maganōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
maganōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
maganōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
maganōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
maganōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
maganōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
maganōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
maganōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
maganōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
maganōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
maganōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
maganōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
maganōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
maganōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
maganōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
maganōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
maganōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
maganōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
maganōndz (active participle present)
maganōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)
*maginōną (alternative)

Proto-West Germanic: *maganōn
Old English: *magnian
⇒ Old English: gemagnian
Old High German: *maganōn
⇒ Old High German: ubarmaganōn

Old Norse: magna

Icelandic: magna

/ˈmɑ.ɣɑ.nɔː.nɑ̃/

Derived from *maganą (“power, a variant of *maginą”) + *-ōną.

affix

power, a variant of <i class="Latn mention" lang="gem-pro">*maginą</i>


maginōną

maginō (active first-person indicative singular)
maginǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
maginōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
maginōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
maginōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
maginō (active imperative second-person singular)
maginōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
maginōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
maginōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
maginō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
maginōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
maginōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
maginōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
maginōs (active dual first-person indicative)
maginōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
maginōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
maginōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
maginōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
maginōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
maginōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
maginōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
maginōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
maginōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
maginōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
maginōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
maginōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
maginōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
maginōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
maginōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
maginōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
maginōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
maginōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
maginōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
maginōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
maginōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
maginōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
maginōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
maginōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
maginōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
maginōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
maginōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
maginōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
maginōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
maginōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
maginōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
maginōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
maginōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
maginōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
maginōndz (active participle present)
maginōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)
*maganōną (alternative)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *maginōn
Old English: mæġenian, mæġnian
⇒ Old English: ġemæġened
Old High German: *meginōn
⇒ Old High German: gimeginōn
⇒ Old High German: irmeginōn
⇒ Old High German: ubarmeginōn
Middle High German: übermegenen

Old Norse: megna

Icelandic: megna

Derived from *maginą (“ability, power, might, main”) + *-ōną.


līkinōną

līkinō (active first-person indicative singular)
līkinǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
līkinōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
līkinōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
līkinōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
līkinō (active imperative second-person singular)
līkinōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
līkinōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
līkinōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
līkinō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
līkinōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
līkinōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
līkinōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
līkinōs (active dual first-person indicative)
līkinōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
līkinōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
līkinōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
līkinōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
līkinōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
līkinōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
līkinōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
līkinōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
līkinōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
līkinōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
līkinōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
līkinōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
līkinōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
līkinōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
līkinōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
līkinōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
līkinōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
līkinōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
līkinōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
līkinōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
līkinōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
līkinōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
līkinōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
līkinōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
līkinōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
līkinōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
līkinōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
līkinōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
līkinōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
līkinōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
līkinōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
līkinōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
līkinōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
līkinōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
līkinōndz (active participle present)
līkinōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *līkinōn
Old Frisian: līknia
Old Saxon: *līkinōn
Middle Low German: līkenen
Old High German: *līhhinōn
⇒ Old High German: gilīhhinōn

Old Norse: líkna

Icelandic: líkna

Faroese: líkna

Unclear, possibly from *līką (“body, shape”) + *-inōną or *līkinō (“mercy, recovery”) + *-ōną, or a merger of both. West Germanic only has the meaning "to compare", whereas Nordic also has the meanings "to show mercy" and "to care for".


dimmōną

dimmō (active first-person indicative singular)
dimmǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
dimmōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
dimmōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
dimmōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
dimmō (active imperative second-person singular)
dimmōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
dimmōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
dimmōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
dimmō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
dimmōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
dimmōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
dimmōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
dimmōs (active dual first-person indicative)
dimmōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
dimmōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
dimmōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
dimmōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
dimmōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
dimmōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
dimmōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
dimmōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
dimmōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
dimmōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
dimmōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
dimmōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
dimmōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
dimmōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
dimmōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
dimmōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
dimmōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
dimmōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
dimmōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
dimmōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
dimmōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
dimmōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
dimmōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
dimmōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
dimmōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
dimmōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
dimmōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
dimmōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
dimmōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
dimmōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
dimmōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
dimmōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
dimmōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
dimmōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
dimmōndz (active participle present)
dimmōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *dimmōn
Old English: dimmian
Middle English: dimmen
English: dim
→ Dutch: dimmen
→ German: dimmen
Scots: dim

Old Norse: dimma

Icelandic: dimma

Faroese: dimma

Norwegian:

Norwegian Bokmål: dimme

Norwegian Nynorsk: dimme, dimma


feturōną

feturō (active first-person indicative singular)
feturǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
feturōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
feturōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
feturōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
feturō (active imperative second-person singular)
feturōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
feturōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
feturōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
feturō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
feturōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
feturōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
feturōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
feturōs (active dual first-person indicative)
feturōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
feturōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
feturōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
feturōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
feturōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
feturōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
feturōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
feturōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
feturōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
feturōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
feturōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
feturōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
feturōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
feturōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
feturōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
feturōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
feturōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
feturōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
feturōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
feturōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
feturōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
feturōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
feturōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
feturōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
feturōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
feturōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
feturōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
feturōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
feturōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
feturōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
feturōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
feturōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
feturōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
feturōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
feturōndz (active participle present)
feturōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *feturōn
Old English: *feterian
⇒ Old English: gefeterian
Middle English: feteren
English: fetter
Old Frisian: fiteria
West Frisian: fiterje
Old Dutch: *feteron
Middle Dutch: vēteren
Dutch: veteren
Old High German: fezzarōn
Middle High German: fezzeren

Old Norse: fjǫtra

Icelandic: fjötra

Swedish: fjättra