hnuppōną

hnuppō (active first-person indicative singular)
hnuppǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
hnuppōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
hnuppōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
hnuppōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
hnuppō (active imperative second-person singular)
hnuppōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
hnuppōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
hnuppōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
hnuppō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
hnuppōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
hnuppōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
hnuppōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
hnuppōs (active dual first-person indicative)
hnuppōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
hnuppōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
hnuppōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
hnuppōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
hnuppōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
hnuppōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
hnuppōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
hnuppōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
hnuppōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
hnuppōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
hnuppōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
hnuppōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
hnuppōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
hnuppōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
hnuppōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
hnuppōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
hnuppōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
hnuppōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
hnuppōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
hnuppōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
hnuppōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
hnuppōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
hnuppōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
hnuppōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
hnuppōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
hnuppōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
hnuppōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
hnuppōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
hnuppōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
hnuppōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
hnuppōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
hnuppōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
hnuppōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
hnuppōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
hnuppōndz (active participle present)
hnuppōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *hnoppōn

Old English: hnoppian

q

>? Middle English: noppen (suggested to have been borrowed from Middle Dutch instead)

Old Saxon: *hnoppōn

Middle Low German: noppen

Old Dutch: *noppon

Middle Dutch: noppen

Dutch: noppen

→? Middle English: noppen

Old High German: nopfōn, *noppōn

Middle High German: noppen

Alemannic German: noppen

Old Norse:

Elfdalian: nuppa

>? Swedish: noppa

From Proto-Indo-European *knebʰ- (“to pick”). Kroonen suggests that the strong verb *hneupaną was derived from this iterative verb.


hnuttōną

hnuttō (active first-person indicative singular)
hnuttǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
hnuttōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
hnuttōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
hnuttōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
hnuttō (active imperative second-person singular)
hnuttōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
hnuttōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
hnuttōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
hnuttō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
hnuttōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
hnuttōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
hnuttōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
hnuttōs (active dual first-person indicative)
hnuttōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
hnuttōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
hnuttōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
hnuttōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
hnuttōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
hnuttōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
hnuttōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
hnuttōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
hnuttōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
hnuttōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
hnuttōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
hnuttōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
hnuttōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
hnuttōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
hnuttōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
hnuttōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
hnuttōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
hnuttōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
hnuttōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
hnuttōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
hnuttōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
hnuttōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
hnuttōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
hnuttōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
hnuttōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
hnuttōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
hnuttōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
hnuttōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
hnuttōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
hnuttōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
hnuttōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
hnuttōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
hnuttōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
hnuttōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
hnuttōndz (active participle present)
hnuttōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)
*hnuddōną (alternative)

Old High German:

Middle High German:

German: nussen (Hessian)

Old Norse: hnoða

Icelandic: hnoða


hnuttōną

Old English:

Middle English: nodden

English: nod

Old Dutch:

desc

Middle Dutch: noten (“to mate (of animals)”)

Old High German: hnotōn

Middle High German: notten

German: nottelen (Lorraine)

Old Norse:

Elfdalian: noðå

Perhaps related to *hneudaną (“to thrust; hit; pound”).


hragjaną

hragjō (active first-person indicative singular)
hragjaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
hragjai (first-person indicative passive singular)
hragisi (active indicative second-person singular)
hragjais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
hragi (active imperative second-person singular)
hragjasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
hragjaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
hragiþi (active indicative singular third-person)
hragjai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
hragjaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
hragjaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
hragjaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
hragjōs (active dual first-person indicative)
hragjaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
hragjaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
hragjaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
hragjaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
hragjamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
hragjaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
hragjanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
hragjainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
hragiþ (active indicative plural second-person)
hragjaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
hragiþ (active imperative plural second-person)
hragjanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
hragjainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
hragjanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
hragjain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
hragjanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
hragjanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
hragjainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
hragidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
hragidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
hragidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
hragidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
hragidē (active indicative singular third-person)
hragidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
hragidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
hragidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
hragidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
hragidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
hragidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
hragidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
hragidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
hragidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
hragidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
hragidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
hragjandz (active participle present)
hragidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Old Dutch:

Middle Dutch: regen

Old High German:

Middle High German: regen

German: regen


hragōną

hragō (active first-person indicative singular)
hragǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
hragōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
hragōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
hragōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
hragō (active imperative second-person singular)
hragōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
hragōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
hragōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
hragō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
hragōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
hragōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
hragōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
hragōs (active dual first-person indicative)
hragōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
hragōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
hragōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
hragōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
hragōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
hragōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
hragōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
hragōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
hragōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
hragōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
hragōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
hragōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
hragōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
hragōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
hragōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
hragōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
hragōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
hragōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
hragōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
hragōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
hragōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
hragōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
hragōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
hragōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
hragōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
hragōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
hragōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
hragōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
hragōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
hragōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
hragōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
hragōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
hragōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
hragōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
hragōndz (active participle present)
hragōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

⇒ Old English: oferhragan (Possibly from *hragjaną)

Old Dutch:

Middle Dutch: regen

Old High German: hragēn

Middle High German: ragen, racken

German: ragen

/ˈxrɑ.ɣɔː.nɑ̃/


hreganą

hregō (active first-person indicative singular)
hregaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
hregai (first-person indicative passive singular)
hrigizi (active indicative second-person singular)
hregaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
hreg (active imperative second-person singular)
hregazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
hregaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
hrigidi (active indicative singular third-person)
hregai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
hregadau (active imperative singular third-person)
hregadai (indicative passive singular third-person)
hregaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
hregōz (active dual first-person indicative)
hregaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
hregadiz (active dual indicative second-person)
hregaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
hregadiz (active dual imperative second-person)
hregamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
hregaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
hregandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
hregaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
hrigid (active indicative plural second-person)
hregaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
hrigid (active imperative plural second-person)
hregandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
hregaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
hregandi (active indicative plural third-person)
hregain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
hregandau (active imperative plural third-person)
hregandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
hregaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
hrag (active first-person indicative singular)
hrēgį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
hraht (active indicative second-person singular)
hrēgīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
hrag (active indicative singular third-person)
hrēgī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
hrēgū (active dual first-person indicative)
hrēgīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
hrēgudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
hrēgīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
hrēgum (active first-person indicative plural)
hrēgīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
hrēgud (active indicative plural second-person)
hrēgīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
hrēgun (active indicative plural third-person)
hrēgīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
hregandz (active participle present)
hruganaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Middle High German: regen

Seemingly from a Proto-Indo-European *krek- (“to jut out”), though Kroonen adduces no cognates outside of Germanic, specifically rejecting the traditional connections with Ancient Greek κρόσσαι (króssai, “stepped copings of parapets”), Lithuanian krãkė (“rod, staff”), Russian кроква (krókva, “bar, club, rafters”). Orel, who reconstructs the Germanic as *reganą, instead derives the root from Proto-Indo-European *h₁erǵʰ- (“to move, go”), comparing Ancient Greek ἔρχομαι (érkhomai, “to come, go”); however, in light of Old High German hragēn, this is phonetically untenable, as well as semantically tenuous.


hreþaną

hreþō (active first-person indicative singular)
hreþaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
hreþai (first-person indicative passive singular)
hriþizi (active indicative second-person singular)
hreþaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
hreþ (active imperative second-person singular)
hreþazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
hreþaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
hriþidi (active indicative singular third-person)
hreþai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
hreþadau (active imperative singular third-person)
hreþadai (indicative passive singular third-person)
hreþaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
hreþōz (active dual first-person indicative)
hreþaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
hreþadiz (active dual indicative second-person)
hreþaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
hreþadiz (active dual imperative second-person)
hreþamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
hreþaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
hreþandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
hreþaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
hriþid (active indicative plural second-person)
hreþaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
hriþid (active imperative plural second-person)
hreþandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
hreþaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
hreþandi (active indicative plural third-person)
hreþain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
hreþandau (active imperative plural third-person)
hreþandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
hreþaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
hraþ (active first-person indicative singular)
hrēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
hrast (active indicative second-person singular)
hrēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
hraþ (active indicative singular third-person)
hrēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
hrēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
hrēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
hrēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
hrēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
hrēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
hrēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
hrēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
hrēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
hrēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
hrēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
hreþandz (active participle present)
hredanaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Old High German: redan

Middle High German: reden

German: reden (obsolete)

From Proto-Indo-European *krey- (“to sift, separate, divide”).


hreflōną

hreflō (active first-person indicative singular)
hreflǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
hreflōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
hreflōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
hreflōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
hreflō (active imperative second-person singular)
hreflōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
hreflōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
hreflōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
hreflō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
hreflōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
hreflōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
hreflōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
hreflōs (active dual first-person indicative)
hreflōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
hreflōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
hreflōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
hreflōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
hreflōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
hreflōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
hreflōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
hreflōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
hreflōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
hreflōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
hreflōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
hreflōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
hreflōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
hreflōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
hreflōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
hreflōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
hreflōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
hreflōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
hreflōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
hreflōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
hreflōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
hreflōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
hreflōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
hreflōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
hreflōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
hreflōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
hreflōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
hreflōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
hreflōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
hreflōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
hreflōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
hreflōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
hreflōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
hreflōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
hreflōndz (active participle present)
hreflōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Middle High German: revelen


hreutaną

hreutō (active first-person indicative singular)
hreutaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
hreutai (first-person indicative passive singular)
hriutizi (active indicative second-person singular)
hreutaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
hreut (active imperative second-person singular)
hreutazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
hreutaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
hriutidi (active indicative singular third-person)
hreutai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
hreutadau (active imperative singular third-person)
hreutadai (indicative passive singular third-person)
hreutaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
hreutōz (active dual first-person indicative)
hreutaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
hreutadiz (active dual indicative second-person)
hreutaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
hreutadiz (active dual imperative second-person)
hreutamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
hreutaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
hreutandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
hreutaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
hriutid (active indicative plural second-person)
hreutaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
hriutid (active imperative plural second-person)
hreutandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
hreutaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
hreutandi (active indicative plural third-person)
hreutain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
hreutandau (active imperative plural third-person)
hreutandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
hreutaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
hraut (active first-person indicative singular)
hrutį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
hraust (active indicative second-person singular)
hrutīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
hraut (active indicative singular third-person)
hrutī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
hrutū (active dual first-person indicative)
hrutīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
hrutudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
hrutīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
hrutum (active first-person indicative plural)
hrutīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
hrutud (active indicative plural second-person)
hrutīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
hrutun (active indicative plural third-person)
hrutīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
hreutandz (active participle present)
hrutanaz (active participle past subjunctive)


hrūtaną

hrūtō (active first-person indicative singular)
hrūtaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
hrūtai (first-person indicative passive singular)
hrūtizi (active indicative second-person singular)
hrūtaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
hrūt (active imperative second-person singular)
hrūtazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
hrūtaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
hrūtidi (active indicative singular third-person)
hrūtai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
hrūtadau (active imperative singular third-person)
hrūtadai (indicative passive singular third-person)
hrūtaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
hrūtōz (active dual first-person indicative)
hrūtaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
hrūtadiz (active dual indicative second-person)
hrūtaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
hrūtadiz (active dual imperative second-person)
hrūtamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
hrūtaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
hrūtandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
hrūtaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
hrūtid (active indicative plural second-person)
hrūtaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
hrūtid (active imperative plural second-person)
hrūtandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
hrūtaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
hrūtandi (active indicative plural third-person)
hrūtain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
hrūtandau (active imperative plural third-person)
hrūtandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
hrūtaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
hraut (active first-person indicative singular)
hrutį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
hraust (active indicative second-person singular)
hrutīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
hraut (active indicative singular third-person)
hrutī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
hrutū (active dual first-person indicative)
hrutīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
hrutudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
hrutīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
hrutum (active first-person indicative plural)
hrutīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
hrutud (active indicative plural second-person)
hrutīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
hrutun (active indicative plural third-person)
hrutīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
hrūtandz (active participle present)
hrutanaz (active participle past subjunctive)
*hreutaną (alternative)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *hrūtan
Old English: hrūtan
Middle English: routen, roten
English: rout
Scots: rout
Old Frisian: hrūta
West Frisian: rute
Old Saxon: hrūtan
Middle Low German: ruten
Old Dutch: *rūtan
Middle Dutch: ruten
Dutch: ruiten (obsolete)
Old High German: rūzan, rūzzan
Middle High German: rūzen

Old Norse: hrjóta (<*hreutaną)

Faroese: rjóta, róta

Icelandic: hrjóta

Elfdalian: riuota

Derived from the iterative verb *hruttōną (“to snore, roar”).


hrūtaną

hrūtō (active first-person indicative singular)
hrūtaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
hrūtai (first-person indicative passive singular)
hrūtizi (active indicative second-person singular)
hrūtaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
hrūt (active imperative second-person singular)
hrūtazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
hrūtaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
hrūtidi (active indicative singular third-person)
hrūtai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
hrūtadau (active imperative singular third-person)
hrūtadai (indicative passive singular third-person)
hrūtaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
hrūtōz (active dual first-person indicative)
hrūtaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
hrūtadiz (active dual indicative second-person)
hrūtaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
hrūtadiz (active dual imperative second-person)
hrūtamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
hrūtaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
hrūtandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
hrūtaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
hrūtid (active indicative plural second-person)
hrūtaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
hrūtid (active imperative plural second-person)
hrūtandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
hrūtaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
hrūtandi (active indicative plural third-person)
hrūtain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
hrūtandau (active imperative plural third-person)
hrūtandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
hrūtaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
hraut (active first-person indicative singular)
hrutį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
hraust (active indicative second-person singular)
hrutīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
hraut (active indicative singular third-person)
hrutī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
hrutū (active dual first-person indicative)
hrutīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
hrutudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
hrutīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
hrutum (active first-person indicative plural)
hrutīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
hrutud (active indicative plural second-person)
hrutīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
hrutun (active indicative plural third-person)
hrutīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
hrūtandz (active participle present)
hrutanaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Old Norse: hrjóta

Icelandic: hrjóta

→ Old French: hurter

French: heurter

→ Catalan: aürtar

A verbal formation related to *hreusaną (“to fall”).


hruþjaną

hruþjō (active first-person indicative singular)
hruþjaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
hruþjai (first-person indicative passive singular)
hruþisi (active indicative second-person singular)
hruþjais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
hruþi (active imperative second-person singular)
hruþjasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
hruþjaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
hruþiþi (active indicative singular third-person)
hruþjai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
hruþjaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
hruþjaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
hruþjaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
hruþjōs (active dual first-person indicative)
hruþjaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
hruþjaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
hruþjaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
hruþjaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
hruþjamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
hruþjaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
hruþjanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
hruþjainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
hruþiþ (active indicative plural second-person)
hruþjaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
hruþiþ (active imperative plural second-person)
hruþjanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
hruþjainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
hruþjanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
hruþjain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
hruþjanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
hruþjanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
hruþjainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
hruþidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
hruþidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
hruþidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
hruþidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
hruþidē (active indicative singular third-person)
hruþidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
hruþidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
hruþidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
hruþidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
hruþidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
hruþidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
hruþidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
hruþidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
hruþidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
hruþidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
hruþidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
hruþjandz (active participle present)
hruþidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Old Norse:

Elfdalian: hryðja

Related to *hruttōną (“to snore, roar”).


hruttōną

hruttō (active first-person indicative singular)
hruttǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
hruttōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
hruttōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
hruttōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
hruttō (active imperative second-person singular)
hruttōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
hruttōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
hruttōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
hruttō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
hruttōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
hruttōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
hruttōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
hruttōs (active dual first-person indicative)
hruttōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
hruttōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
hruttōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
hruttōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
hruttōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
hruttōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
hruttōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
hruttōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
hruttōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
hruttōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
hruttōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
hruttōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
hruttōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
hruttōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
hruttōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
hruttōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
hruttōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
hruttōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
hruttōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
hruttōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
hruttōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
hruttōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
hruttōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
hruttōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
hruttōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
hruttōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
hruttōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
hruttōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
hruttōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
hruttōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
hruttōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
hruttōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
hruttōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
hruttōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
hruttōndz (active participle present)
hruttōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Old High German: *hrutzōn

Middle High German: *rotzen

German: rotzen

Old Norse:

Elfdalian: rotå (<*hrutōną)

Apparently from a Proto-Indo-European *krut-neh₂-, from a root *krewt- (“to snore, roar”) with no certain cognates outside of Germanic. The connection with lexicographically attested Ancient Greek κροῦμαι (kroûmai, “snot”) is dubious. More likely, per Orel, to be an onomatopoeic formation within Germanic (though he only notes this for the derivative *hrūtaną).


fēaną

fēō (active first-person indicative singular)
fēaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
fēai (first-person indicative passive singular)
fēizi (active indicative second-person singular)
fēaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
fē (active imperative second-person singular)
fēazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
fēaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
fēidi (active indicative singular third-person)
fēai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
fēadau (active imperative singular third-person)
fēadai (indicative passive singular third-person)
fēaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
fēōz (active dual first-person indicative)
fēaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
fēadiz (active dual indicative second-person)
fēaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
fēadiz (active dual imperative second-person)
fēamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
fēaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
fēandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
fēaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
fēid (active indicative plural second-person)
fēaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
fēid (active imperative plural second-person)
fēandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
fēaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
fēandi (active indicative plural third-person)
fēain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
fēandau (active imperative plural third-person)
fēandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
fēaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
fefō (active first-person indicative singular)
fefōį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
fefōt (active indicative second-person singular)
fefōīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
fefō (active indicative singular third-person)
fefōī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
fefōū (active dual first-person indicative)
fefōīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
fefōudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
fefōīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
fefōum (active first-person indicative plural)
fefōīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
fefōud (active indicative plural second-person)
fefōīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
fefōun (active indicative plural third-person)
fefōīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
fēandz (active participle present)
fēanaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Gothic: 𐍆𐌰𐌹𐌰𐌽 (faian)

/ˈɸɛː.ɑ.nɑ̃/

Related to *fijāną (“to hate, to dislike”).


fagjaną

fagjō (active first-person indicative singular)
fagjaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
fagjai (first-person indicative passive singular)
fagisi (active indicative second-person singular)
fagjais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
fagi (active imperative second-person singular)
fagjasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
fagjaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
fagiþi (active indicative singular third-person)
fagjai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
fagjaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
fagjaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
fagjaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
fagjōs (active dual first-person indicative)
fagjaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
fagjaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
fagjaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
fagjaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
fagjamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
fagjaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
fagjanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
fagjainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
fagiþ (active indicative plural second-person)
fagjaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
fagiþ (active imperative plural second-person)
fagjanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
fagjainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
fagjanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
fagjain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
fagjanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
fagjanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
fagjainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
fagidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
fagidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
fagidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
fagidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
fagidē (active indicative singular third-person)
fagidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
fagidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
fagidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
fagidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
fagidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
fagidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
fagidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
fagidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
fagidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
fagidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
fagidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
fagjandz (active participle present)
fagidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Gothic: *𐍆𐌰𐌷𐌾𐌰𐌽 (*fahjan)

desc

⇒ Gothic: 𐍆𐌿𐌻𐌻𐌰𐍆𐌰𐌷𐌾𐌰𐌽 (fullafahjan, “to satisfy”)

/ˈɸɑɣ.jɑ.nɑ̃/

From *fehaną (“to rejoice, be glad”) + *-janą.


faginōną

faginō (active first-person indicative singular)
faginǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
faginōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
faginōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
faginōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
faginō (active imperative second-person singular)
faginōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
faginōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
faginōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
faginō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
faginōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
faginōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
faginōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
faginōs (active dual first-person indicative)
faginōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
faginōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
faginōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
faginōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
faginōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
faginōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
faginōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
faginōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
faginōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
faginōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
faginōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
faginōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
faginōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
faginōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
faginōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
faginōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
faginōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
faginōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
faginōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
faginōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
faginōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
faginōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
faginōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
faginōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
faginōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
faginōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
faginōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
faginōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
faginōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
faginōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
faginōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
faginōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
faginōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
faginōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
faginōndz (active participle present)
faginōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *faginōn
Old English: fæġenian
Middle English: faynen, feynen, fainen
English: fain
Old Saxon: faganon
Old High German: faginōn

Old Norse: fagna
Icelandic: fagna
Faroese: fagna
Norwegian Nynorsk: fagna
Elfdalian: faingen
Swedish: fägna
Old Danish: fagne

Gothic: 𐍆𐌰𐌲𐌹𐌽𐍉𐌽 (faginōn)

/ˈɸɑ.ɣi.nɔː.nɑ̃/


firrijaną

firrijō (active first-person indicative singular)
firrijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
firrijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
firrīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
firrijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
firrī (active imperative second-person singular)
firrijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
firrijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
firrīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
firrijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
firrijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
firrijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
firrijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
firrijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
firrijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
firrijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
firrijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
firrijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
firrijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
firrijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
firrijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
firrijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
firrīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
firrijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
firrīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
firrijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
firrijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
firrijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
firrijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
firrijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
firrijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
firrijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
firridǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
firridēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
firridēz (active indicative second-person singular)
firridēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
firridē (active indicative singular third-person)
firridēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
firridēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
firridēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
firridēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
firridēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
firridēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
firridēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
firridēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
firridēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
firridēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
firridēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
firrijandz (active participle present)
firridaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *firrijan
Old English: fierran, feorran, firran, fyrran
Middle English: ferren
English: far
Old Saxon: firrian
Middle Low German: vēren, verren
Old Dutch: *firren
Middle Dutch: verren, ferren, varren
Dutch: verren, varren (obsolete)
Old High German: firren
Middle High German: virren

Old Norse: firra

Icelandic: firra

Norwegian Nynorsk: fjerna

Norwegian Bokmål: fjerne


azanōną

azanō (active first-person indicative singular)
azanǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
azanōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
azanōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
azanōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
azanō (active imperative second-person singular)
azanōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
azanōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
azanōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
azanō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
azanōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
azanōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
azanōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
azanōs (active dual first-person indicative)
azanōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
azanōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
azanōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
azanōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
azanōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
azanōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
azanōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
azanōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
azanōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
azanōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
azanōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
azanōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
azanōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
azanōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
azanōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
azanōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
azanōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
azanōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
azanōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
azanōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
azanōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
azanōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
azanōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
azanōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
azanōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
azanōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
azanōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
azanōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
azanōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
azanōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
azanōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
azanōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
azanōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
azanōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
azanōndz (active participle present)
azanōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *aʀanōn
Old English: earnian
Middle English: ernen, arne, erne, earniæn, earnin, ernien (Early Middle English)
English: earn
Scots: earn
Old Saxon: aran
Middle Low German: ernen
Old Dutch: aranōn
Old High German: arnōn
Middle High German: arnen, ernen (with umlaut after noun erne)
German: ernten (with -t- after noun Ernte)

Old Norse: anna, ǫnna

Icelandic: anna

/ˈɑzɑ.nɔː.nɑ̃/

From *azaniz (“summer, harvest”) + *-ōną.


þaggōną

þaggō (active first-person indicative singular)
þaggǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
þaggōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
þaggōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
þaggōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
þaggō (active imperative second-person singular)
þaggōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
þaggōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
þaggōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
þaggō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
þaggōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
þaggōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
þaggōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
þaggōs (active dual first-person indicative)
þaggōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
þaggōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
þaggōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
þaggōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
þaggōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
þaggōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
þaggōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
þaggōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
þaggōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
þaggōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
þaggōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
þaggōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
þaggōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
þaggōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
þaggōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
þaggōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
þaggōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
þaggōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
þaggōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
þaggōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
þaggōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
þaggōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
þaggōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
þaggōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
þaggōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
þaggōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
þaggōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
þaggōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
þaggōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
þaggōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
þaggōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
þaggōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
þaggōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
þaggōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
þaggōndz (active participle present)
þaggōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Old Norse: þagga

Icelandic: þagga

Norwegian: tagga

/ˈθɑɡ.ɡɔː.nɑ̃/

From Proto-Indo-European *te(H)k-, *tak-.

(North Germanic, transitive, with accusative) to silence


blindōną

blindō (active first-person indicative singular)
blindǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
blindōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
blindōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
blindōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
blindō (active imperative second-person singular)
blindōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
blindōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
blindōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
blindō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
blindōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
blindōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
blindōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
blindōs (active dual first-person indicative)
blindōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
blindōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
blindōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
blindōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
blindōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
blindōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
blindōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
blindōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
blindōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
blindōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
blindōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
blindōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
blindōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
blindōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
blindōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
blindōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
blindōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
blindōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
blindōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
blindōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
blindōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
blindōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
blindōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
blindōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
blindōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
blindōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
blindōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
blindōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
blindōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
blindōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
blindōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
blindōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
blindōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
blindōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
blindōndz (active participle present)
blindōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *blindōn
Old English: *blindian
Middle English: blinden
English: blind
Old Frisian: blindia
Saterland Frisian: blindja
West Frisian: blynje
Old Saxon: *blindōn
Middle Low German: blinden
Old Dutch: *blindon
Middle Dutch: blinden
Dutch: blinden
Old High German: *blintōn
Middle High German: blinden

Old Norse: blinda
Icelandic: blinda
Norwegian Nynorsk: blinda, blinde


blindijaną

blindijō (active first-person indicative singular)
blindijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
blindijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
blindīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
blindijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
blindī (active imperative second-person singular)
blindijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
blindijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
blindīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
blindijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
blindijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
blindijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
blindijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
blindijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
blindijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
blindijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
blindijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
blindijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
blindijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
blindijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
blindijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
blindijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
blindīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
blindijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
blindīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
blindijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
blindijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
blindijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
blindijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
blindijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
blindijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
blindijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
blindidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
blindidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
blindidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
blindidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
blindidē (active indicative singular third-person)
blindidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
blindidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
blindidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
blindidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
blindidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
blindidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
blindidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
blindidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
blindidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
blindidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
blindidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
blindijandz (active participle present)
blindidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *blindijan
Old English: *blindan
⇒ Old English: āblindan
Old Frisian: blinda
Old Saxon: *blindian
Middle Low German: blinden
Old Dutch: *blinden
Middle Dutch: blinden
Old High German: *blinten
Middle High German: blinden

Gothic: *𐌱𐌻𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌽 (*blindjan)

⇒ Gothic: 𐌲𐌰𐌱𐌻𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌽 (gablindjan)


brakōną

brakō (active first-person indicative singular)
brakǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
brakōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
brakōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
brakōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
brakō (active imperative second-person singular)
brakōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
brakōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
brakōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
brakō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
brakōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
brakōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
brakōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
brakōs (active dual first-person indicative)
brakōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
brakōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
brakōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
brakōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
brakōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
brakōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
brakōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
brakōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
brakōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
brakōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
brakōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
brakōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
brakōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
brakōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
brakōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
brakōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
brakōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
brakōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
brakōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
brakōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
brakōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
brakōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
brakōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
brakōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
brakōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
brakōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
brakōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
brakōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
brakōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
brakōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
brakōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
brakōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
brakōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
brakōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
brakōndz (active participle present)
brakōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *brakōn
Old Frisian: *brakia
West Frisian: braakje, brake
Old Saxon: brakōn
Old Dutch: *brakon
Middle Dutch: brāken
Dutch: braken
Old High German: *brahhōn
Middle High German: brachen

Old Norse: braka

Faroese: braka

Icelandic: braka

Either from a denominative formation equivalent to *braką (“burst, crack”) + *-ōną, or from an o-grade iterative formation.


brautijaną

brautijō (active first-person indicative singular)
brautijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
brautijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
brautīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
brautijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
brautī (active imperative second-person singular)
brautijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
brautijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
brautīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
brautijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
brautijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
brautijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
brautijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
brautijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
brautijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
brautijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
brautijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
brautijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
brautijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
brautijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
brautijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
brautijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
brautīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
brautijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
brautīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
brautijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
brautijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
brautijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
brautijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
brautijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
brautijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
brautijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
brautidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
brautidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
brautidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
brautidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
brautidē (active indicative singular third-person)
brautidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
brautidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
brautidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
brautidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
brautidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
brautidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
brautidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
brautidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
brautidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
brautidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
brautidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
brautijandz (active participle present)
brautidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *brautijan
Old English: brīetan, brȳtan
Middle English: breten, bruten

Old Norse: breyta

Icelandic: breyta

From *breutaną (“to destroy, crush, break”) + *-janą.


raginōną

raginō (active first-person indicative singular)
raginǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
raginōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
raginōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
raginōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
raginō (active imperative second-person singular)
raginōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
raginōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
raginōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
raginō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
raginōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
raginōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
raginōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
raginōs (active dual first-person indicative)
raginōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
raginōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
raginōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
raginōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
raginōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
raginōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
raginōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
raginōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
raginōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
raginōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
raginōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
raginōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
raginōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
raginōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
raginōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
raginōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
raginōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
raginōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
raginōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
raginōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
raginōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
raginōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
raginōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
raginōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
raginōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
raginōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
raginōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
raginōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
raginōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
raginōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
raginōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
raginōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
raginōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
raginōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
raginōndz (active participle present)
raginōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *raginōn

Old English: reġnian, rēnian

Middle English: rēnen

Gothic: 𐍂𐌰𐌲𐌹𐌽𐍉𐌽 (raginōn)


firinōną

firinō (active first-person indicative singular)
firinǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
firinōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
firinōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
firinōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
firinō (active imperative second-person singular)
firinōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
firinōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
firinōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
firinō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
firinōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
firinōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
firinōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
firinōs (active dual first-person indicative)
firinōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
firinōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
firinōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
firinōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
firinōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
firinōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
firinōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
firinōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
firinōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
firinōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
firinōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
firinōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
firinōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
firinōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
firinōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
firinōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
firinōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
firinōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
firinōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
firinōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
firinōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
firinōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
firinōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
firinōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
firinōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
firinōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
firinōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
firinōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
firinōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
firinōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
firinōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
firinōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
firinōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
firinōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
firinōndz (active participle present)
firinōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *firinōn
Old English: firenian
Old High German: firinōn
Middle High German: virnen

Old Norse: firna

Icelandic: firna

Gothic: 𐍆𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌹𐌽𐍉𐌽 (fairinōn)


flōdijaną

flōdijō (active first-person indicative singular)
flōdijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
flōdijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
flōdīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
flōdijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
flōdī (active imperative second-person singular)
flōdijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
flōdijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
flōdīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
flōdijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
flōdijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
flōdijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
flōdijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
flōdijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
flōdijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
flōdijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
flōdijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
flōdijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
flōdijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
flōdijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
flōdijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
flōdijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
flōdīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
flōdijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
flōdīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
flōdijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
flōdijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
flōdijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
flōdijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
flōdijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
flōdijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
flōdijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
flōdidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
flōdidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
flōdidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
flōdidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
flōdidē (active indicative singular third-person)
flōdidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
flōdidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
flōdidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
flōdidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
flōdidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
flōdidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
flōdidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
flōdidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
flōdidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
flōdidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
flōdidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
flōdijandz (active participle present)
flōdidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *flōdijan
Old English: *flēdan
Middle English: fleden
Northern Scots: fleed
Old Saxon: *flōdian
Middle Low German: vlôden, vlö̂den
German Low German: floden
Old Dutch: *fluoden
Middle Dutch: vloeden
Dutch: vloeden (nonstandard)
Old High German: *fluoten
Middle High German: fluoten, vluoten, vlüeten
German: fluten

Old Norse: flǿða

Icelandic: flæða

Faroese: fløða

Norwegian: flø

Swedish: flöda

Old Danish: fløthæ

Danish: fløde (obsolete)


giftijaną

giftijō (active first-person indicative singular)
giftijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
giftijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
giftīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
giftijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
giftī (active imperative second-person singular)
giftijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
giftijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
giftīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
giftijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
giftijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
giftijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
giftijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
giftijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
giftijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
giftijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
giftijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
giftijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
giftijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
giftijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
giftijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
giftijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
giftīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
giftijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
giftīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
giftijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
giftijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
giftijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
giftijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
giftijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
giftijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
giftijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
giftidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
giftidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
giftidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
giftidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
giftidē (active indicative singular third-person)
giftidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
giftidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
giftidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
giftidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
giftidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
giftidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
giftidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
giftidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
giftidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
giftidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
giftidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
giftijandz (active participle present)
giftidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *giftijan
Old English: giftan
Middle English: giften
English: gift
Old Saxon: giftian
Middle Low German: giften
Old Dutch: *giften
Middle Dutch: giften
Dutch: giften
Old High German: giften
Middle High German: giften

Old Norse: gipta

Icelandic: gifta

Faroese: gifta

Swedish: gifta

Danish: gifte

(transitive, +accusative) to gift, give (something)


gōdijaną

gōdijō (active first-person indicative singular)
gōdijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
gōdijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
gōdīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
gōdijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
gōdī (active imperative second-person singular)
gōdijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
gōdijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
gōdīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
gōdijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
gōdijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
gōdijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
gōdijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
gōdijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
gōdijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
gōdijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
gōdijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
gōdijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
gōdijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
gōdijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
gōdijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
gōdijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
gōdīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
gōdijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
gōdīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
gōdijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
gōdijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
gōdijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
gōdijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
gōdijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
gōdijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
gōdijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
gōdidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
gōdidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
gōdidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
gōdidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
gōdidē (active indicative singular third-person)
gōdidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
gōdidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
gōdidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
gōdidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
gōdidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
gōdidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
gōdidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
gōdidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
gōdidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
gōdidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
gōdidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
gōdijandz (active participle present)
gōdidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *gōdijan
Old Frisian: gēda
Old Saxon: *gōdian
Middle Low German: gö̂den, güden
Old Dutch: *guoden, *guoten
Middle Dutch: goeden
Dutch: goeden (obsolete)
Old High German: *guoten
Middle High German: güeten
⇒ Old High German: giguoten

Old Norse: gœða

Icelandic: gæða

Old Swedish: gø̄þa

Swedish: göda

Danish: gøde

/ˈɣɔː.ði.jɑ.nɑ̃/

From *gōdaz (“good”) + *-janą. Cognate with Proto-Slavic *godìti.


hrainijaną

hrainijō (active first-person indicative singular)
hrainijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
hrainijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
hrainīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
hrainijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
hrainī (active imperative second-person singular)
hrainijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
hrainijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
hrainīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
hrainijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
hrainijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
hrainijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
hrainijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
hrainijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
hrainijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
hrainijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
hrainijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
hrainijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
hrainijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
hrainijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
hrainijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
hrainijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
hrainīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
hrainijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
hrainīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
hrainijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
hrainijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
hrainijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
hrainijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
hrainijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
hrainijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
hrainijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
hrainidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
hrainidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
hrainidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
hrainidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
hrainidē (active indicative singular third-person)
hrainidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
hrainidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
hrainidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
hrainidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
hrainidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
hrainidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
hrainidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
hrainidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
hrainidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
hrainidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
hrainidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
hrainijandz (active participle present)
hrainidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *hrainijan
Old Saxon: hrēnian
Middle Low German: rênen (merged with the descendant of *hrainōn)
Old Dutch: reinen
Middle Dutch: reinen
Dutch: reinen
Limburgish: reine
Old High German: reinen
Middle High German: reinen (merged with the descendant of *hrainōn)

Gothic: 𐌷𐍂𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌾𐌰𐌽 (hrainjan)


hūsōną

hūsō (active first-person indicative singular)
hūsǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
hūsōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
hūsōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
hūsōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
hūsō (active imperative second-person singular)
hūsōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
hūsōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
hūsōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
hūsō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
hūsōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
hūsōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
hūsōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
hūsōs (active dual first-person indicative)
hūsōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
hūsōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
hūsōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
hūsōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
hūsōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
hūsōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
hūsōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
hūsōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
hūsōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
hūsōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
hūsōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
hūsōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
hūsōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
hūsōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
hūsōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
hūsōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
hūsōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
hūsōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
hūsōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
hūsōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
hūsōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
hūsōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
hūsōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
hūsōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
hūsōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
hūsōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
hūsōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
hūsōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
hūsōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
hūsōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
hūsōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
hūsōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
hūsōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
hūsōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
hūsōndz (active participle present)
hūsōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *hūsōn
Old English: hūsian
Middle English: housen, house, howse, howsen, howsyn, huse
English: house
Scots: house, hoose
Old Frisian: hūsia
West Frisian: húzje
Old Saxon: *hūson
Low German: husen
Old Dutch: *hūson
Middle Dutch: husen
Dutch: huizen
Old High German: hūsōn
Middle High German: hūsen
German: hausen

Old Norse: húsa

Icelandic: húsa

Faroese: húsa

Norwegian Nynorsk: husa

Scanian: husa


hūsijaną

hūsijō (active first-person indicative singular)
hūsijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
hūsijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
hūsīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
hūsijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
hūsī (active imperative second-person singular)
hūsijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
hūsijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
hūsīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
hūsijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
hūsijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
hūsijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
hūsijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
hūsijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
hūsijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
hūsijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
hūsijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
hūsijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
hūsijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
hūsijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
hūsijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
hūsijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
hūsīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
hūsijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
hūsīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
hūsijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
hūsijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
hūsijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
hūsijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
hūsijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
hūsijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
hūsijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
hūsidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
hūsidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
hūsidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
hūsidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
hūsidē (active indicative singular third-person)
hūsidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
hūsidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
hūsidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
hūsidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
hūsidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
hūsidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
hūsidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
hūsidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
hūsidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
hūsidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
hūsidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
hūsijandz (active participle present)
hūsidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *hūsijan
Old Saxon: *husian
Middle Low German: husen

Old Norse: hýsa

Icelandic: hýsa

Elfdalian: åysa

Swedish: hysa


hwētaną

hwētō (active first-person indicative singular)
hwētaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
hwētai (first-person indicative passive singular)
hwētizi (active indicative second-person singular)
hwētaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
hwēt (active imperative second-person singular)
hwētazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
hwētaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
hwētidi (active indicative singular third-person)
hwētai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
hwētadau (active imperative singular third-person)
hwētadai (indicative passive singular third-person)
hwētaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
hwētōz (active dual first-person indicative)
hwētaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
hwētadiz (active dual indicative second-person)
hwētaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
hwētadiz (active dual imperative second-person)
hwētamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
hwētaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
hwētandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
hwētaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
hwētid (active indicative plural second-person)
hwētaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
hwētid (active imperative plural second-person)
hwētandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
hwētaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
hwētandi (active indicative plural third-person)
hwētain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
hwētandau (active imperative plural third-person)
hwētandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
hwētaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
hwehwōt (active first-person indicative singular)
hwehwōtį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
hwehwōst (active indicative second-person singular)
hwehwōtīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
hwehwōt (active indicative singular third-person)
hwehwōtī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
hwehwōtū (active dual first-person indicative)
hwehwōtīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
hwehwōtudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
hwehwōtīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
hwehwōtum (active first-person indicative plural)
hwehwōtīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
hwehwōtud (active indicative plural second-person)
hwehwōtīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
hwehwōtun (active indicative plural third-person)
hwehwōtīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
hwētandz (active participle present)
hwētanaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *hwātan
Old English: *hwǣtan
⇒ Old English: āhwǣtan
Old High German: wāzan

Old Norse: hváta

Icelandic: hváta, hvota

From Proto-Indo-European *kʷeh₁d- (“to stab”).


hwōtijaną

hwōtijō (active first-person indicative singular)
hwōtijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
hwōtijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
hwōtīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
hwōtijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
hwōtī (active imperative second-person singular)
hwōtijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
hwōtijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
hwōtīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
hwōtijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
hwōtijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
hwōtijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
hwōtijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
hwōtijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
hwōtijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
hwōtijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
hwōtijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
hwōtijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
hwōtijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
hwōtijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
hwōtijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
hwōtijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
hwōtīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
hwōtijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
hwōtīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
hwōtijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
hwōtijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
hwōtijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
hwōtijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
hwōtijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
hwōtijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
hwōtijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
hwōtidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
hwōtidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
hwōtidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
hwōtidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
hwōtidē (active indicative singular third-person)
hwōtidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
hwōtidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
hwōtidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
hwōtidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
hwōtidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
hwōtidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
hwōtidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
hwōtidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
hwōtidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
hwōtidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
hwōtidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
hwōtijandz (active participle present)
hwōtidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Old Norse: hœta

Icelandic: hæta

Swedish: höta (obsolete)

Danish: høde (obsolete)

Gothic: 𐍈𐍉𐍄𐌾𐌰𐌽 (ƕōtjan)

According to Kroonen this verb is a merger of:
* A causative verb equivalent to *hwētaną (“to attack, assault”) + *-janą.
* A denominative verb equivalent to *hwōtō (“threat”) + *-janą.


fargijaną

fargijō (active first-person indicative singular)
fargijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
fargijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
fargīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
fargijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
fargī (active imperative second-person singular)
fargijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
fargijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
fargīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
fargijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
fargijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
fargijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
fargijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
fargijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
fargijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
fargijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
fargijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
fargijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
fargijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
fargijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
fargijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
fargijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
fargīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
fargijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
fargīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
fargijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
fargijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
fargijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
fargijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
fargijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
fargijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
fargijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
fargidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
fargidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
fargidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
fargidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
fargidē (active indicative singular third-person)
fargidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
fargidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
fargidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
fargidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
fargidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
fargidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
fargidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
fargidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
fargidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
fargidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
fargidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
fargijandz (active participle present)
fargidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Old Norse: fergja

Faroese: fergja

Icelandic: fergja

Norwegian: fergja

From Proto-Indo-European *h₂poh₂orké-ye-ti, itself from *h₂epo (“off, away”) + *h₂erk- (“to hold”); particularly close in formation to Latin porceō (“to prevent”).


stintaną

stintō (active first-person indicative singular)
stintaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
stintai (first-person indicative passive singular)
stintizi (active indicative second-person singular)
stintaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
stint (active imperative second-person singular)
stintazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
stintaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
stintidi (active indicative singular third-person)
stintai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
stintadau (active imperative singular third-person)
stintadai (indicative passive singular third-person)
stintaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
stintōz (active dual first-person indicative)
stintaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
stintadiz (active dual indicative second-person)
stintaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
stintadiz (active dual imperative second-person)
stintamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
stintaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
stintandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
stintaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
stintid (active indicative plural second-person)
stintaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
stintid (active imperative plural second-person)
stintandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
stintaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
stintandi (active indicative plural third-person)
stintain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
stintandau (active imperative plural third-person)
stintandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
stintaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
stant (active first-person indicative singular)
stuntį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
stanst (active indicative second-person singular)
stuntīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
stant (active indicative singular third-person)
stuntī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
stuntū (active dual first-person indicative)
stuntīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
stuntudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
stuntīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
stuntum (active first-person indicative plural)
stuntīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
stuntud (active indicative plural second-person)
stuntīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
stuntun (active indicative plural third-person)
stuntīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
stintandz (active participle present)
stuntanaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Old English: *stintan

Middle English: stinten (partially)

English: stint

Scots: stint

⇒ Old English: āstintan

Middle English: astinten

Old Norse: *stinta (?)

Norwegian: stinta (dialectal)

From Proto-Indo-European *(s)tewd- (“to push, bump”).


twīflijaną

twīflijō (active first-person indicative singular)
twīflijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
twīflijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
twīflīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
twīflijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
twīflī (active imperative second-person singular)
twīflijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
twīflijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
twīflīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
twīflijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
twīflijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
twīflijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
twīflijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
twīflijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
twīflijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
twīflijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
twīflijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
twīflijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
twīflijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
twīflijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
twīflijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
twīflijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
twīflīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
twīflijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
twīflīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
twīflijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
twīflijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
twīflijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
twīflijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
twīflijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
twīflijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
twīflijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
twīflidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
twīflidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
twīflidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
twīflidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
twīflidē (active indicative singular third-person)
twīflidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
twīflidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
twīflidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
twīflidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
twīflidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
twīflidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
twīflidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
twīflidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
twīflidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
twīflidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
twīflidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
twīflijandz (active participle present)
twīflidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *twīflijan
Old Saxon: twīflian
Middle Low German: twivelen (merged with descendant of *twīflōn)
Low German: twiefeln
Old Dutch: twīvalen
Middle Dutch: twivelen
Dutch: twijfelen
Limburgish: twiefele
Old High German: zwīfalen, zwīvalen
Middle High German: zwīveln (merged with descendant of *twīflōn)
German: zweifeln

Gothic: 𐍄𐍅𐌴𐌹𐍆𐌻𐌾𐌰𐌽 (tweifljan)