sauzijaną

sauzijō (active first-person indicative singular)
sauzijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
sauzijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
sauzīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
sauzijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
sauzī (active imperative second-person singular)
sauzijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
sauzijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
sauzīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
sauzijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
sauzijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
sauzijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
sauzijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
sauzijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
sauzijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
sauzijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
sauzijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
sauzijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
sauzijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
sauzijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
sauzijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
sauzijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
sauzīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
sauzijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
sauzīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
sauzijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
sauzijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
sauzijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
sauzijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
sauzijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
sauzijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
sauzijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
sauzidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
sauzidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
sauzidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
sauzidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
sauzidē (active indicative singular third-person)
sauzidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
sauzidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
sauzidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
sauzidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
sauzidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
sauzidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
sauzidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
sauzidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
sauzidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
sauzidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
sauzidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
sauzijandz (active participle present)
sauzidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *sauʀijan
Old Saxon: *sōrian
Middle Low German: sȫren
Old Dutch: *sōren
Middle Dutch: sôren (merged with descendant of *sauʀēn)
Dutch: zoren (dialectal)

Old Norse: seyra (attested in the passive seyrask)

Icelandic: seyra

Norwegian Nynorsk: søyre, søyra

Surface derivation from *sauzaz (“dry”) + *-janą. May be formally cognate with Proto-Slavic *sušiti (“to make dry”) (Proto-Balto-Slavic *sáušīˀtei) and Sanskrit शोषयति (śoṣáyati, “to parch, make dry, cause to wither, sear”).


druppōną

druppō (active first-person indicative singular)
druppǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
druppōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
druppōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
druppōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
druppō (active imperative second-person singular)
druppōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
druppōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
druppōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
druppō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
druppōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
druppōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
druppōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
druppōs (active dual first-person indicative)
druppōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
druppōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
druppōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
druppōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
druppōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
druppōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
druppōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
druppōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
druppōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
druppōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
druppōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
druppōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
druppōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
druppōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
druppōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
druppōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
druppōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
druppōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
druppōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
druppōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
druppōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
druppōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
druppōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
druppōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
druppōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
druppōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
druppōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
druppōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
druppōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
druppōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
druppōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
druppōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
druppōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
druppōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
druppōndz (active participle present)
druppōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *droppōn
Old English: droppian, dropian
Middle English: droppen
English: drop
Old Saxon: *dropōn
Middle Low German: drōpen
Old Dutch: droppon
Middle Dutch: droppen, *drubben, druppen (likely conflated with the descendant of *druppjan)
Dutch: druppen, drubben
Afrikaans: drup
Old High German: tropfōn
Middle High German: tropfen
German: tropfen

Old Norse: *droppa, *drubba

Norwegian:

Norwegian Nynorsk: drubba

Swedish: droppa

From earlier paradigm *druppōþi ~ *drubunanþi, from pre-Proto-Germanic *dʰrubʰ-nā́-ti ~ *dʰrubʰ-un-ánti, iterative from Proto-Indo-European *dʰrebʰ- (“to drop”); cognate with Lithuanian dri̇̀bti (“to drop”). Possibly conflated with a denominative construction *drupô (“drop of liquid”) + *-ōną.


gīslōną

gīslō (active first-person indicative singular)
gīslǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
gīslōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
gīslōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
gīslōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
gīslō (active imperative second-person singular)
gīslōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
gīslōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
gīslōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
gīslō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
gīslōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
gīslōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
gīslōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
gīslōs (active dual first-person indicative)
gīslōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
gīslōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
gīslōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
gīslōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
gīslōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
gīslōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
gīslōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
gīslōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
gīslōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
gīslōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
gīslōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
gīslōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
gīslōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
gīslōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
gīslōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
gīslōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
gīslōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
gīslōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
gīslōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
gīslōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
gīslōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
gīslōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
gīslōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
gīslōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
gīslōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
gīslōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
gīslōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
gīslōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
gīslōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
gīslōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
gīslōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
gīslōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
gīslōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
gīslōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
gīslōndz (active participle present)
gīslōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *gīslōn
Old English: gīslian
Middle English: gislen
Old Frisian: gīslia
West Frisian: gizelje
Old Saxon: *gīslōn
Middle Low German: gîselen, gîseln
Old Dutch: *gīslon
Middle Dutch: giselen
Dutch: gijzelen
Old High German: *gīslōn
Middle High German: gīselen, gīseln
German: geiseln

Old Norse: gísla


hlammōną

hlammō (active first-person indicative singular)
hlammǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
hlammōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
hlammōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
hlammōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
hlammō (active imperative second-person singular)
hlammōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
hlammōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
hlammōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
hlammō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
hlammōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
hlammōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
hlammōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
hlammōs (active dual first-person indicative)
hlammōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
hlammōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
hlammōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
hlammōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
hlammōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
hlammōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
hlammōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
hlammōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
hlammōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
hlammōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
hlammōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
hlammōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
hlammōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
hlammōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
hlammōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
hlammōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
hlammōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
hlammōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
hlammōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
hlammōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
hlammōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
hlammōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
hlammōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
hlammōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
hlammōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
hlammōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
hlammōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
hlammōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
hlammōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
hlammōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
hlammōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
hlammōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
hlammōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
hlammōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
hlammōndz (active participle present)
hlammōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *hlamōn
Old Saxon: hlamōn
Old High German: lamōn, hlamōn

Old Norse: hlamma

Icelandic: hlamma

An iterative formation to Proto-Indo-European *kelh₁- (“to sound”), closely related to the strong verb *hlimmaną.


þrammōną

þrammō (active first-person indicative singular)
þrammǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
þrammōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
þrammōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
þrammōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
þrammō (active imperative second-person singular)
þrammōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
þrammōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
þrammōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
þrammō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
þrammōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
þrammōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
þrammōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
þrammōs (active dual first-person indicative)
þrammōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
þrammōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
þrammōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
þrammōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
þrammōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
þrammōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
þrammōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
þrammōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
þrammōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
þrammōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
þrammōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
þrammōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
þrammōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
þrammōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
þrammōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
þrammōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
þrammōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
þrammōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
þrammōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
þrammōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
þrammōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
þrammōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
þrammōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
þrammōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
þrammōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
þrammōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
þrammōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
þrammōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
þrammōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
þrammōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
þrammōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
þrammōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
þrammōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
þrammōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
þrammōndz (active participle present)
þrammōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *þrammōn
Old Saxon: *þrammōn
Middle Low German: drammen
Old Dutch: *þrammon
Middle Dutch: drammen
Dutch: drammen

Old Norse: þramma

Icelandic: þramma

An o-grade iterative formation to Proto-Indo-European *trem- (“to tremble (in fear)”), closely related to the strong verb *þrimmaną.


gladōną

gladō (active first-person indicative singular)
gladǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
gladōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
gladōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
gladōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
gladō (active imperative second-person singular)
gladōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
gladōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
gladōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
gladō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
gladōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
gladōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
gladōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
gladōs (active dual first-person indicative)
gladōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
gladōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
gladōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
gladōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
gladōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
gladōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
gladōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
gladōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
gladōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
gladōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
gladōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
gladōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
gladōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
gladōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
gladōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
gladōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
gladōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
gladōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
gladōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
gladōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
gladōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
gladōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
gladōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
gladōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
gladōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
gladōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
gladōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
gladōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
gladōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
gladōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
gladōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
gladōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
gladōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
gladōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
gladōndz (active participle present)
gladōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *gladōn
Old English: gladian
Middle English: gladen
English: glad (archaic)
Old Frisian: *gledia
West Frisian: gledzje
Old Dutch: *gladon
Middle Dutch: *gladden
Dutch: gladden (backformed to the adjective)

Old Norse: glaða

Icelandic: glaða

/ˈɣlɑ.ðɔː.nɑ̃/

From *gladaz (“bright, smooth, cheerful”) + *-ōną.


bidōną

bidō (active first-person indicative singular)
bidǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
bidōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
bidōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
bidōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
bidō (active imperative second-person singular)
bidōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
bidōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
bidōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
bidō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
bidōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
bidōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
bidōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
bidōs (active dual first-person indicative)
bidōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
bidōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
bidōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
bidōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
bidōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
bidōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
bidōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
bidōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
bidōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
bidōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
bidōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
bidōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
bidōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
bidōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
bidōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
bidōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
bidōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
bidōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
bidōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
bidōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
bidōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
bidōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
bidōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
bidōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
bidōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
bidōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
bidōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
bidōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
bidōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
bidōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
bidōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
bidōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
bidōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
bidōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
bidōndz (active participle present)
bidōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *bidōn
Old English: bidian
Old Frisian: bidia
Old Saxon: bidōn

Old Norse: biða

Icelandic: biða


sumarōną

sumarō (active first-person indicative singular)
sumarǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
sumarōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
sumarōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
sumarōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
sumarō (active imperative second-person singular)
sumarōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
sumarōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
sumarōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
sumarō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
sumarōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
sumarōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
sumarōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
sumarōs (active dual first-person indicative)
sumarōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
sumarōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
sumarōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
sumarōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
sumarōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
sumarōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
sumarōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
sumarōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
sumarōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
sumarōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
sumarōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
sumarōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
sumarōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
sumarōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
sumarōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
sumarōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
sumarōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
sumarōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
sumarōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
sumarōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
sumarōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
sumarōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
sumarōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
sumarōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
sumarōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
sumarōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
sumarōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
sumarōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
sumarōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
sumarōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
sumarōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
sumarōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
sumarōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
sumarōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
sumarōndz (active participle present)
sumarōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *sumarōn
Old English: *sumerian
Middle English: someren
English: summer
Old Frisian: *sumria
West Frisian: simmerje
Old Saxon: *sumarōn
Middle Low German: sōmeren
Old Dutch: *sumaron
Middle Dutch: sōmeren
Dutch: zomeren
Old High German: *sumarōn
Middle High German: sumeren
German: sommern

Old Norse: sumra

Faroese: sumra

Icelandic: sumra


banjōną

banjō (active first-person indicative singular)
banjǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
banjōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
banjōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
banjōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
banjō (active imperative second-person singular)
banjōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
banjōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
banjōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
banjō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
banjōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
banjōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
banjōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
banjōs (active dual first-person indicative)
banjōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
banjōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
banjōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
banjōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
banjōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
banjōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
banjōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
banjōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
banjōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
banjōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
banjōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
banjōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
banjōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
banjōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
banjōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
banjōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
banjōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
banjōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
banjōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
banjōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
banjōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
banjōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
banjōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
banjōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
banjōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
banjōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
banjōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
banjōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
banjōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
banjōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
banjōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
banjōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
banjōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
banjōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
banjōndz (active participle present)
banjōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *bannjōn
Old English: bennian

Old Norse: benja

Icelandic: benja


blakrōną

blakrō (active first-person indicative singular)
blakrǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
blakrōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
blakrōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
blakrōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
blakrō (active imperative second-person singular)
blakrōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
blakrōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
blakrōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
blakrō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
blakrōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
blakrōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
blakrōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
blakrōs (active dual first-person indicative)
blakrōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
blakrōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
blakrōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
blakrōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
blakrōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
blakrōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
blakrōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
blakrōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
blakrōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
blakrōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
blakrōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
blakrōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
blakrōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
blakrōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
blakrōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
blakrōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
blakrōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
blakrōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
blakrōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
blakrōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
blakrōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
blakrōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
blakrōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
blakrōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
blakrōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
blakrōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
blakrōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
blakrōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
blakrōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
blakrōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
blakrōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
blakrōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
blakrōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
blakrōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
blakrōndz (active participle present)
blakrōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *blakkrōn
Old Frisian: *blakria
West Frisian: blakerje, bleakerje
Old Dutch: *blakaron
Middle Dutch: blākeren
Dutch: blakeren

Old Norse: blakra

Icelandic: blakra

Norwegian:

Norwegian Bokmål: blakre

Norwegian Nynorsk: blakre, blakra

Possibly a direct cognate with Latin flagrō (“I burn”). Equivalent to *blakōną (“to burn, to blacken”) + *-rōną (frequentative suffix).


swartijaną

swartijō (active first-person indicative singular)
swartijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
swartijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
swartīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
swartijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
swartī (active imperative second-person singular)
swartijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
swartijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
swartīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
swartijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
swartijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
swartijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
swartijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
swartijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
swartijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
swartijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
swartijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
swartijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
swartijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
swartijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
swartijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
swartijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
swartīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
swartijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
swartīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
swartijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
swartijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
swartijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
swartijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
swartijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
swartijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
swartijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
swartidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
swartidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
swartidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
swartidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
swartidē (active indicative singular third-person)
swartidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
swartidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
swartidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
swartidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
swartidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
swartidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
swartidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
swartidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
swartidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
swartidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
swartidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
swartijandz (active participle present)
swartidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *swartijan
Old Saxon: *swertian
Middle Low German: swerten
Old Dutch: *swerten
Middle Dutch: swerten, swarten (conflated with *swartōn and *swartēn)
Dutch: zwarten
Old High German: swerzen
Middle High German: swerzen
German: schwärzen

Old Norse: *sverta

Faroese: sverta

Icelandic: sverta

Norwegian:

Norwegian Bokmål: sverte

Norwegian Nynorsk: sverte, sverta

Swedish: svärta

Gothic: *𐍃𐍅𐌰𐍂𐍄𐌾𐌰𐌽 (*swartjan)

⇒ Gothic: 𐍃𐍅𐌰𐍂𐍄𐌹𐌶𐌻 (swartizl)


swarmijaną

swarmijō (active first-person indicative singular)
swarmijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
swarmijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
swarmīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
swarmijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
swarmī (active imperative second-person singular)
swarmijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
swarmijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
swarmīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
swarmijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
swarmijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
swarmijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
swarmijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
swarmijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
swarmijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
swarmijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
swarmijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
swarmijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
swarmijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
swarmijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
swarmijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
swarmijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
swarmīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
swarmijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
swarmīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
swarmijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
swarmijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
swarmijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
swarmijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
swarmijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
swarmijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
swarmijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
swarmidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
swarmidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
swarmidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
swarmidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
swarmidē (active indicative singular third-person)
swarmidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
swarmidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
swarmidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
swarmidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
swarmidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
swarmidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
swarmidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
swarmidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
swarmidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
swarmidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
swarmidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
swarmijandz (active participle present)
swarmidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *swarmijan
Old English: swirman
Middle English: swarmen, swermen, swarmyn
English: swarm
Scots: swairm
Old Saxon: *swermian
Middle Low German: swermen
Old Dutch: *swermen
Middle Dutch: swermen, swarmen
Dutch: zwermen
Old High German: swermen
Middle High German: swermen
German: schwärmen

Old Norse: *sverma

Icelandic: sverma

Norwegian:

Norwegian Bokmål: sverme

Norwegian Nynorsk: sverme, sverma

Swedish: svärma

Danish: sværme


swandijaną

swandijō (active first-person indicative singular)
swandijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
swandijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
swandīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
swandijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
swandī (active imperative second-person singular)
swandijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
swandijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
swandīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
swandijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
swandijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
swandijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
swandijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
swandijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
swandijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
swandijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
swandijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
swandijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
swandijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
swandijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
swandijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
swandijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
swandīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
swandijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
swandīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
swandijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
swandijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
swandijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
swandijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
swandijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
swandijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
swandijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
swandidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
swandidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
swandidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
swandidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
swandidē (active indicative singular third-person)
swandidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
swandidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
swandidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
swandidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
swandidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
swandidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
swandidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
swandidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
swandidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
swandidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
swandidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
swandijandz (active participle present)
swandidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *swandijan
Old Saxon: *swendian
Middle Low German: swenden
Old Dutch: *swenden
Middle Dutch: swenden
Old High German: swenten
Middle High German: swenden
German: schwenden

From *swindaną (“to disappear”) + *-janą.


swankijaną

swankijō (active first-person indicative singular)
swankijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
swankijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
swankīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
swankijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
swankī (active imperative second-person singular)
swankijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
swankijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
swankīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
swankijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
swankijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
swankijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
swankijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
swankijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
swankijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
swankijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
swankijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
swankijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
swankijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
swankijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
swankijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
swankijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
swankīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
swankijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
swankīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
swankijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
swankijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
swankijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
swankijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
swankijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
swankijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
swankijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
swankidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
swankidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
swankidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
swankidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
swankidē (active indicative singular third-person)
swankidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
swankidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
swankidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
swankidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
swankidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
swankidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
swankidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
swankidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
swankidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
swankidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
swankidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
swankijandz (active participle present)
swankidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *swankijan
Old English: swenċan
Middle English: swenchen
>? Old Frisian: swensa (strong verb)
Old Saxon: *swenkian
Middle Low German: swenken
Low German: swenken
→ Saterland Frisian: swänkje
Old Dutch: *swenken
Middle Dutch: swenken
Dutch: zwenken
Afrikaans: swink
Old High German: swenken
Middle High German: swenken
German: schwenken

From the root underlying *swinganą (“to swing”) + *-janą.


liuhsijaną

liuhsijō (active first-person indicative singular)
liuhsijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
liuhsijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
liuhsīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
liuhsijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
liuhsī (active imperative second-person singular)
liuhsijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
liuhsijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
liuhsīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
liuhsijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
liuhsijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
liuhsijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
liuhsijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
liuhsijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
liuhsijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
liuhsijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
liuhsijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
liuhsijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
liuhsijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
liuhsijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
liuhsijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
liuhsijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
liuhsīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
liuhsijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
liuhsīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
liuhsijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
liuhsijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
liuhsijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
liuhsijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
liuhsijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
liuhsijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
liuhsijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
liuhsidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
liuhsidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
liuhsidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
liuhsidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
liuhsidē (active indicative singular third-person)
liuhsidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
liuhsidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
liuhsidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
liuhsidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
liuhsidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
liuhsidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
liuhsidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
liuhsidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
liuhsidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
liuhsidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
liuhsidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
liuhsijandz (active participle present)
liuhsidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *liuhsijan
Old English: līxan, līexan

Old Norse: lýsa

Icelandic: lýsa

Faroese: lýsa

Norwegian:

Norwegian Bokmål: lyse

Norwegian Nynorsk: lyse, lysa

Swedish: lysa

Danish: lyse

From *leuhsą (“light”) + *-janą or *leuhsaz (“bright”) + *-janą.


rudjaną

rudjō (active first-person indicative singular)
rudjaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
rudjai (first-person indicative passive singular)
rudisi (active indicative second-person singular)
rudjais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
rudi (active imperative second-person singular)
rudjasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
rudjaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
rudiþi (active indicative singular third-person)
rudjai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
rudjaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
rudjaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
rudjaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
rudjōs (active dual first-person indicative)
rudjaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
rudjaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
rudjaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
rudjaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
rudjamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
rudjaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
rudjanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
rudjainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
rudiþ (active indicative plural second-person)
rudjaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
rudiþ (active imperative plural second-person)
rudjanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
rudjainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
rudjanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
rudjain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
rudjanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
rudjanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
rudjainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
rudidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
rudidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
rudidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
rudidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
rudidē (active indicative singular third-person)
rudidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
rudidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
rudidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
rudidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
rudidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
rudidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
rudidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
rudidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
rudidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
rudidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
rudidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
rudjandz (active participle present)
rudidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *ruddjan
⇒ Old English: āryddan
⇒ Old English: ġeryddan
Middle English: ridden
English: rid

Old Norse: ryðja
Faroese: ryðja
Icelandic: ryðja
Norwegian Nynorsk: rydja, rø; (dialectal) rya, rua, rudjø, rødja, rødda, røa, ræa
Old Swedish: ryþia, rydhia, rödhia
Swedish: röja, rödja
Old Danish: ryddæ
Danish: rydde
Norwegian Bokmål: rydde
→ Norwegian Nynorsk: rydda

From *rudą (“a clearing”) + *-janą, from Proto-Indo-European *(H)rewH- (“to dig out”), see also Latin ruo (“I dig out”), Proto-Slavic *rъvati (“to tear”).


rupatjaną

rupatjō (active first-person indicative singular)
rupatjaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
rupatjai (first-person indicative passive singular)
rupatisi (active indicative second-person singular)
rupatjais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
rupati (active imperative second-person singular)
rupatjasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
rupatjaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
rupatiþi (active indicative singular third-person)
rupatjai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
rupatjaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
rupatjaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
rupatjaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
rupatjōs (active dual first-person indicative)
rupatjaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
rupatjaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
rupatjaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
rupatjaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
rupatjamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
rupatjaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
rupatjanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
rupatjainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
rupatiþ (active indicative plural second-person)
rupatjaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
rupatiþ (active imperative plural second-person)
rupatjanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
rupatjainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
rupatjanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
rupatjain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
rupatjanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
rupatjanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
rupatjainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
rupastǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
rupastēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
rupastēz (active indicative second-person singular)
rupastēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
rupastē (active indicative singular third-person)
rupastēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
rupastēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
rupastēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
rupastēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
rupastēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
rupastēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
rupastēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
rupastēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
rupastēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
rupastēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
rupastēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
rupatjandz (active participle present)
rupatidaz (active participle past subjunctive)
*rupitjaną (alternative)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *ropattjan
Old Saxon: *ropettian
Middle Low German: ropsen (influenced by Middle High German)
Old High German: ropfezzen, roffezzen
Middle High German: roffezen, rofzen

Old Norse: rypta (< *rupitjaną)

→ Middle English: riften

English: rift


þingijaną

þingijō (active first-person indicative singular)
þingijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
þingijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
þingīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
þingijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
þingī (active imperative second-person singular)
þingijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
þingijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
þingīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
þingijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
þingijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
þingijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
þingijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
þingijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
þingijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
þingijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
þingijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
þingijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
þingijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
þingijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
þingijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
þingijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
þingīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
þingijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
þingīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
þingijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
þingijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
þingijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
þingijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
þingijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
þingijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
þingijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
þingidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
þingidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
þingidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
þingidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
þingidē (active indicative singular third-person)
þingidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
þingidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
þingidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
þingidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
þingidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
þingidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
þingidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
þingidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
þingidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
þingidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
þingidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
þingijandz (active participle present)
þingidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *þingijan
⇒ Old Saxon: giþingian
⇒ Old Dutch: giþingen
Old High German: dingen
Middle High German: dingen

From Proto-Indo-European *ti-n-k-yé, cognate with Lithuanian tikėti.


sūlijaną

sūlijō (active first-person indicative singular)
sūlijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
sūlijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
sūlīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
sūlijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
sūlī (active imperative second-person singular)
sūlijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
sūlijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
sūlīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
sūlijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
sūlijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
sūlijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
sūlijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
sūlijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
sūlijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
sūlijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
sūlijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
sūlijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
sūlijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
sūlijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
sūlijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
sūlijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
sūlīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
sūlijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
sūlīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
sūlijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
sūlijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
sūlijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
sūlijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
sūlijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
sūlijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
sūlijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
sūlidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
sūlidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
sūlidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
sūlidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
sūlidē (active indicative singular third-person)
sūlidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
sūlidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
sūlidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
sūlidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
sūlidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
sūlidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
sūlidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
sūlidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
sūlidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
sūlidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
sūlidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
sūlijandz (active participle present)
sūlidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *sūlijan
Old High German: *sūlen (attested as gisūlit (“made of boards”))
Middle High German: sūlen, *siulen (“to prop, support”)
⇒ Middle High German: undersiulen
German: untersäulen

Old Norse: *sýla

Icelandic: sýla

Faroese: sýla

⇒ Gothic: 𐌲𐌰𐍃𐌿𐌻𐌾𐌰𐌽 (gasūljan)


saigijaną

saigijō (active first-person indicative singular)
saigijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
saigijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
saigīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
saigijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
saigī (active imperative second-person singular)
saigijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
saigijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
saigīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
saigijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
saigijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
saigijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
saigijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
saigijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
saigijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
saigijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
saigijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
saigijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
saigijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
saigijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
saigijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
saigijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
saigīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
saigijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
saigīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
saigijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
saigijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
saigijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
saigijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
saigijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
saigijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
saigijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
saigidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
saigidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
saigidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
saigidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
saigidē (active indicative singular third-person)
saigidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
saigidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
saigidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
saigidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
saigidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
saigidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
saigidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
saigidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
saigidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
saigidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
saigidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
saigijandz (active participle present)
saigidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *saigijan
Old English: sǣgan
Middle English: seien
Old Saxon: sēgian
Old Dutch: *seigen, *sēgen
Middle Dutch: seigen
Old High German: seigen
Middle High German: seigen

From *sīhwaną (“to filter”) + *-janą and *sīganą (“to sink, drop”) + *-janą.


wabjaną

wabjō (active first-person indicative singular)
wabjaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
wabjai (first-person indicative passive singular)
wabisi (active indicative second-person singular)
wabjais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
wabi (active imperative second-person singular)
wabjasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
wabjaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
wabiþi (active indicative singular third-person)
wabjai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
wabjaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
wabjaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
wabjaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
wabjōs (active dual first-person indicative)
wabjaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
wabjaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
wabjaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
wabjaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
wabjamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
wabjaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
wabjanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
wabjainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
wabiþ (active indicative plural second-person)
wabjaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
wabiþ (active imperative plural second-person)
wabjanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
wabjainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
wabjanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
wabjain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
wabjanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
wabjanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
wabjainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
wabidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
wabidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
wabidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
wabidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
wabidē (active indicative singular third-person)
wabidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
wabidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
wabidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
wabidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
wabidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
wabidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
wabidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
wabidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
wabidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
wabidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
wabidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
wabjandz (active participle present)
wabidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *wabbjan
Old English: webbian
Middle English: webben, webbe, webbon, webbyne
English: web
Scots: wab

Old Norse: vefja
Icelandic: vefja
Faroese: vevja
Norwegian Nynorsk: vevja, vevje
Elfdalian: weva


nastijaną

nastijō (active first-person indicative singular)
nastijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
nastijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
nastīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
nastijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
nastī (active imperative second-person singular)
nastijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
nastijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
nastīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
nastijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
nastijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
nastijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
nastijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
nastijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
nastijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
nastijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
nastijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
nastijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
nastijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
nastijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
nastijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
nastijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
nastīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
nastijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
nastīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
nastijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
nastijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
nastijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
nastijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
nastijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
nastijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
nastijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
nastidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
nastidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
nastidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
nastidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
nastidē (active indicative singular third-person)
nastidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
nastidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
nastidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
nastidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
nastidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
nastidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
nastidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
nastidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
nastidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
nastidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
nastidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
nastijandz (active participle present)
nastidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *nastijan
Old English: nestan
Old High German: *nesten
Middle High German: nesten

Old Norse: nesta, nista

Swedish: nästa

Probably an infixed formation from *natją (“net”).


grundijaną

grundijō (active first-person indicative singular)
grundijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
grundijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
grundīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
grundijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
grundī (active imperative second-person singular)
grundijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
grundijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
grundīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
grundijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
grundijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
grundijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
grundijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
grundijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
grundijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
grundijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
grundijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
grundijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
grundijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
grundijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
grundijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
grundijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
grundīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
grundijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
grundīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
grundijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
grundijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
grundijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
grundijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
grundijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
grundijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
grundijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
grundidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
grundidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
grundidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
grundidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
grundidē (active indicative singular third-person)
grundidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
grundidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
grundidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
grundidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
grundidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
grundidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
grundidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
grundidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
grundidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
grundidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
grundidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
grundijandz (active participle present)
grundidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *grundijan
Old English: gryndan
Middle English: grinden
Old Saxon: grundian
Middle Low German: gründen
Old High German: grunten
Middle High German: gründen
German: gründen

Old Norse: grynna (< Verner alternation *grunþijaną)

Icelandic: grynna

Norwegian:

Norwegian Nynorsk: grynne, grynna

Swedish: grynna


grundōną

grundō (active first-person indicative singular)
grundǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
grundōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
grundōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
grundōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
grundō (active imperative second-person singular)
grundōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
grundōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
grundōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
grundō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
grundōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
grundōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
grundōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
grundōs (active dual first-person indicative)
grundōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
grundōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
grundōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
grundōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
grundōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
grundōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
grundōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
grundōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
grundōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
grundōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
grundōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
grundōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
grundōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
grundōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
grundōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
grundōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
grundōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
grundōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
grundōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
grundōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
grundōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
grundōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
grundōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
grundōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
grundōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
grundōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
grundōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
grundōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
grundōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
grundōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
grundōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
grundōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
grundōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
grundōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
grundōndz (active participle present)
grundōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *grundōn
Old English: *grundian
Middle English: grounden, grundien
Old Frisian: *grundia
West Frisian: grûnje
Old Saxon: *grundon
Middle Low German: grunden
Old Dutch: *grundon
Middle Dutch: gronden
Dutch: gronden
Old High German: *gruntōn
Middle High German: grunden

Old Norse: grunda

Icelandic: grunda

Norwegian:

Norwegian Nynorsk: grunde, grunda

Swedish: grunda

Danish: grunde


stikjaną

stikjō (active first-person indicative singular)
stikjaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
stikjai (first-person indicative passive singular)
stikisi (active indicative second-person singular)
stikjais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
stiki (active imperative second-person singular)
stikjasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
stikjaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
stikiþi (active indicative singular third-person)
stikjai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
stikjaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
stikjaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
stikjaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
stikjōs (active dual first-person indicative)
stikjaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
stikjaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
stikjaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
stikjaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
stikjamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
stikjaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
stikjanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
stikjainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
stikiþ (active indicative plural second-person)
stikjaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
stikiþ (active imperative plural second-person)
stikjanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
stikjainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
stikjanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
stikjain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
stikjanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
stikjanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
stikjainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
stikidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
stikidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
stikidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
stikidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
stikidē (active indicative singular third-person)
stikidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
stikidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
stikidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
stikidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
stikidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
stikidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
stikidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
stikidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
stikidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
stikidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
stikidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
stikjandz (active participle present)
stikidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *stikkjan
Old English: *stiċċan, stiċċian
Middle English: stichen, sticchen, stychyn
English: stitch
Scots: steek
Old Frisian: *stikka, *stitza
West Frisian: stikke
Old Saxon: *stikkian
Middle Low German: sticken
Old Dutch: *stikken
Middle Dutch: sticken
Dutch: stikken
Afrikaans: stik
Old High German: sticken
Middle High German: sticken
German: sticken
→ Old French: estichier, estiquer

Old Norse: *stikkja (only attested in passive stikkjask)

Icelandic: stikkjast

Norwegian Nynorsk: stikkjast

From *stikiz (“a sticking, prick”) + *-janą.


stainijaną

stainijō (active first-person indicative singular)
stainijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
stainijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
stainīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
stainijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
stainī (active imperative second-person singular)
stainijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
stainijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
stainīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
stainijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
stainijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
stainijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
stainijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
stainijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
stainijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
stainijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
stainijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
stainijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
stainijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
stainijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
stainijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
stainijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
stainīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
stainijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
stainīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
stainijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
stainijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
stainijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
stainijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
stainijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
stainijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
stainijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
stainidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
stainidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
stainidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
stainidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
stainidē (active indicative singular third-person)
stainidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
stainidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
stainidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
stainidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
stainidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
stainidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
stainidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
stainidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
stainidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
stainidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
stainidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
stainijandz (active participle present)
stainidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *stainijan
Old English: stǣnan
Middle English: stenen
Old Saxon: *stēnian
Middle Low German: stênen
Old Dutch: stēnen
Middle Dutch: stênen
Dutch: stenen (archaic)
Old High German: steinen
Middle High German: steinen
German: steinen (archaic)

Old Norse: *steina

Faroese: steina

Icelandic: steina

Norwegian:

Norwegian Bokmål: steine, stene

Norwegian Nynorsk: steine, steina

Swedish: stena

Danish: stene

Gothic: 𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌾𐌰𐌽 (stainjan)


diupijaną

diupijō (active first-person indicative singular)
diupijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
diupijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
diupīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
diupijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
diupī (active imperative second-person singular)
diupijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
diupijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
diupīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
diupijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
diupijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
diupijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
diupijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
diupijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
diupijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
diupijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
diupijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
diupijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
diupijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
diupijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
diupijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
diupijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
diupīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
diupijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
diupīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
diupijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
diupijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
diupijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
diupijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
diupijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
diupijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
diupijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
diupidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
diupidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
diupidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
diupidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
diupidē (active indicative singular third-person)
diupidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
diupidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
diupidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
diupidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
diupidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
diupidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
diupidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
diupidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
diupidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
diupidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
diupidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
diupijandz (active participle present)
diupidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *diupijan
Old English: dīepan
Middle English: depen, deppen, depe
English: deep (obsolete)
Scots: depe
Old Frisian: *diūpa
⇒ Old Frisian: todiūpa
Old Saxon: *diupian
Middle Low German: dûpen, dü̂pen
German Low German: düpen
Old Dutch: *diupen (if not from *deupōn instead)
Middle Dutch: diepen
Dutch: diepen
Old High German: *tiufen
Middle High German: tiufen
German: teufen

Gothic: *𐌳𐌹𐌿𐍀𐌾𐌰𐌽 (*diupjan)

⇒ Gothic: 𐌲𐌰𐌳𐌹𐌿𐍀𐌾𐌰𐌽 (gadiupjan)


bramjaną

bramjō (active first-person indicative singular)
bramjaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
bramjai (first-person indicative passive singular)
bramisi (active indicative second-person singular)
bramjais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
brami (active imperative second-person singular)
bramjasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
bramjaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
bramiþi (active indicative singular third-person)
bramjai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
bramjaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
bramjaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
bramjaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
bramjōs (active dual first-person indicative)
bramjaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
bramjaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
bramjaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
bramjaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
bramjamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
bramjaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
bramjanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
bramjainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
bramiþ (active indicative plural second-person)
bramjaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
bramiþ (active imperative plural second-person)
bramjanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
bramjainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
bramjanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
bramjain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
bramjanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
bramjanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
bramjainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
bramidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
bramidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
bramidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
bramidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
bramidē (active indicative singular third-person)
bramidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
bramidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
bramidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
bramidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
bramidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
bramidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
bramidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
bramidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
bramidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
bramidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
bramidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
bramjandz (active participle present)
bramidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *brammjan
Old English: bremman
>? Middle English: brimmen
Old Frisian: *bremma
West Frisian: brimme
Old Saxon: *bremmian
Middle Low German: brimmen
Old Dutch: *bremmen
Middle Dutch: bremmen
Dutch: bremmen (obsolete)
Old High German: *bremmen
Middle High German: bremmen, brimmen
German: brimmen

>? Gothic: *𐌱𐍂𐌰𐌼𐌾𐌰𐌽 (*bramjan)

→ Italian: bramire


rēsijaną

rēsijō (active first-person indicative singular)
rēsijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
rēsijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
rēsīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
rēsijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
rēsī (active imperative second-person singular)
rēsijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
rēsijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
rēsīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
rēsijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
rēsijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
rēsijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
rēsijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
rēsijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
rēsijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
rēsijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
rēsijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
rēsijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
rēsijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
rēsijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
rēsijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
rēsijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
rēsīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
rēsijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
rēsīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
rēsijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
rēsijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
rēsijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
rēsijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
rēsijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
rēsijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
rēsijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
rēsidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
rēsidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
rēsidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
rēsidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
rēsidē (active indicative singular third-person)
rēsidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
rēsidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
rēsidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
rēsidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
rēsidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
rēsidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
rēsidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
rēsidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
rēsidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
rēsidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
rēsidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
rēsijandz (active participle present)
rēsidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *rāsijan
Old English: rǣsan
Middle English: resen
Old Dutch: *rāsen (or a descendant of *rēsōną)
Middle Dutch: râsen
Dutch: razen
→ West Frisian: raze, raazje
Old High German: rāsen
Middle High German: rāsen
German: rasen

Old Norse: ræsa

Icelandic: ræsa

From *rēsō (“running, course, rush”) + *-janą.


augnijaną

augnijō (active first-person indicative singular)
augnijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
augnijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
augnīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
augnijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
augnī (active imperative second-person singular)
augnijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
augnijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
augnīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
augnijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
augnijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
augnijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
augnijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
augnijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
augnijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
augnijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
augnijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
augnijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
augnijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
augnijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
augnijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
augnijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
augnīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
augnijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
augnīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
augnijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
augnijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
augnijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
augnijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
augnijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
augnijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
augnijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
augnidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
augnidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
augnidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
augnidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
augnidē (active indicative singular third-person)
augnidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
augnidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
augnidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
augnidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
augnidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
augnidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
augnidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
augnidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
augnidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
augnidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
augnidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
augnijandz (active participle present)
augnidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *augnijan
Old English:
Middle English: aunen
Old High German: *ouganen
Middle High German: ougenen, öugenen

Old Norse: *eygna

Norwegian:

Norwegian Nynorsk: øygne, øygna, augne, augna

Swedish: ögna

Danish: øjne

From *augô (“eye”) + *-janą, this verb retains the nasal sound that is present in the inflection of the noun. Piecewise doublet of *augijaną which was formed earlier and lacks the nasal.


ataugijaną

ataugijō (active first-person indicative singular)
ataugijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
ataugijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
ataugīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
ataugijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
ataugī (active imperative second-person singular)
ataugijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
ataugijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
ataugīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
ataugijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
ataugijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
ataugijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
ataugijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
ataugijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
ataugijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
ataugijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
ataugijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
ataugijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
ataugijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
ataugijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
ataugijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
ataugijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
ataugīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
ataugijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
ataugīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
ataugijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
ataugijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
ataugijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
ataugijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
ataugijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
ataugijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
ataugijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
ataugidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
ataugidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
ataugidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
ataugidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
ataugidē (active indicative singular third-person)
ataugidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
ataugidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
ataugidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
ataugidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
ataugidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
ataugidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
ataugidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
ataugidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
ataugidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
ataugidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
ataugidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
ataugijandz (active participle present)
ataugidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *ataugijan
Old English: ætīewan, ætȳwan, ætīwan, ætēowan
Middle English: atēwien, atywen
Old Frisian: tāuwa, tāwa
Old Saxon: tōgian
Middle Low German: tȫgen
Old Dutch: tōgen
Middle Dutch: tôgen
⇒ Middle Dutch: betôgen
Dutch: betogen
Old High German: zougen
Middle High German: zöugen, zougen, zoigen, zöigen

Gothic: 𐌰𐍄𐌰𐌿𐌲𐌾𐌰𐌽 (ataugjan)


līmijaną

līmijō (active first-person indicative singular)
līmijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
līmijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
līmīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
līmijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
līmī (active imperative second-person singular)
līmijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
līmijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
līmīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
līmijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
līmijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
līmijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
līmijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
līmijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
līmijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
līmijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
līmijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
līmijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
līmijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
līmijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
līmijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
līmijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
līmīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
līmijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
līmīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
līmijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
līmijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
līmijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
līmijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
līmijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
līmijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
līmijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
līmidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
līmidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
līmidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
līmidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
līmidē (active indicative singular third-person)
līmidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
līmidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
līmidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
līmidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
līmidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
līmidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
līmidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
līmidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
līmidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
līmidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
līmidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
līmijandz (active participle present)
līmidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *līmijan
Old English: līman
Middle English: limen
English: lime
Old Frisian: *līma
West Frisian: lymje, lime
Old Saxon: *līmian
Middle Low German: limen
Old Dutch: *līmen
Middle Dutch: limen
Dutch: lijmen
Limburgish: lieme
Old High German: līmen
Middle High German: līmen
German: leimen

Old Norse: líma

Icelandic: líma

Norwegian:

Norwegian Bokmål: lime

Norwegian Nynorsk: lime, lima

Swedish: limma

Danish: lime


lauþrijaną

lauþrijō (active first-person indicative singular)
lauþrijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
lauþrijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
lauþrīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
lauþrijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
lauþrī (active imperative second-person singular)
lauþrijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
lauþrijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
lauþrīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
lauþrijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
lauþrijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
lauþrijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
lauþrijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
lauþrijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
lauþrijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
lauþrijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
lauþrijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
lauþrijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
lauþrijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
lauþrijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
lauþrijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
lauþrijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
lauþrīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
lauþrijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
lauþrīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
lauþrijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
lauþrijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
lauþrijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
lauþrijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
lauþrijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
lauþrijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
lauþrijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
lauþridǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
lauþridēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
lauþridēz (active indicative second-person singular)
lauþridēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
lauþridē (active indicative singular third-person)
lauþridēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
lauþridēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
lauþridēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
lauþridēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
lauþridēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
lauþridēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
lauþridēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
lauþridēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
lauþridēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
lauþridēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
lauþridēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
lauþrijandz (active participle present)
lauþridaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *lauþrijan
Old English: līeþran, lȳþran, lēþran, līþran
Middle English: letheren, lutheren, litheren, latheren
English: lather

Old Norse: leyðra

Icelandic: leyðra

Swedish: löddra, loddra


laihnōną

laihnō (active first-person indicative singular)
laihnǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
laihnōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
laihnōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
laihnōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
laihnō (active imperative second-person singular)
laihnōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
laihnōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
laihnōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
laihnō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
laihnōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
laihnōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
laihnōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
laihnōs (active dual first-person indicative)
laihnōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
laihnōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
laihnōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
laihnōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
laihnōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
laihnōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
laihnōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
laihnōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
laihnōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
laihnōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
laihnōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
laihnōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
laihnōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
laihnōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
laihnōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
laihnōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
laihnōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
laihnōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
laihnōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
laihnōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
laihnōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
laihnōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
laihnōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
laihnōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
laihnōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
laihnōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
laihnōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
laihnōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
laihnōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
laihnōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
laihnōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
laihnōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
laihnōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
laihnōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
laihnōndz (active participle present)
laihnōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *laihnōn
Old Saxon: lēhnōn
Middle Low German: lêhenen, lêenen, lehnen, lênen, leinen, leynen
German Low German: lehnen
Old Dutch: *lēnon (or from *laihnijan)
Middle Dutch: lênen
Dutch: lenen
Limburgish: lieëne
Old High German: lēhanōn
Middle High German: lēhenen, lēnen
Central Franconian: liehne, lehne
German: lehnen
Luxembourgish: léinen

Old Norse: lána

Icelandic: lána

Norwegian:

Norwegian Bokmål: låne

Norwegian Nynorsk: låne, låna

Old Swedish: lāna

Swedish: låna

Danish: låne