stulukōną

stulukō (active first-person indicative singular)
stulukǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
stulukōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
stulukōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
stulukōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
stulukō (active imperative second-person singular)
stulukōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
stulukōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
stulukōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
stulukō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
stulukōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
stulukōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
stulukōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
stulukōs (active dual first-person indicative)
stulukōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
stulukōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
stulukōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
stulukōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
stulukōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
stulukōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
stulukōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
stulukōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
stulukōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
stulukōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
stulukōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
stulukōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
stulukōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
stulukōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
stulukōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
stulukōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
stulukōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
stulukōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
stulukōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
stulukōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
stulukōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
stulukōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
stulukōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
stulukōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
stulukōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
stulukōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
stulukōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
stulukōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
stulukōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
stulukōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
stulukōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
stulukōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
stulukōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
stulukōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
stulukōndz (active participle present)
stulukōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *stolukōn

Old Saxon: *stolkōn

⇒? Middle Low German: stolkeren

Old Dutch: *stolkon

Middle Dutch: stolken

Dutch: stolken (obsolete)

⇒ Dutch: stolkeren

Old Norse: *stulka

Norwegian Nynorsk: stulka

From *stul- + *-ukōną; related to *stelaną (“to steal”), see there for more. Compare also *stalukōną.


audagōną

audagō (active first-person indicative singular)
audagǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
audagōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
audagōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
audagōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
audagō (active imperative second-person singular)
audagōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
audagōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
audagōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
audagō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
audagōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
audagōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
audagōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
audagōs (active dual first-person indicative)
audagōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
audagōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
audagōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
audagōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
audagōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
audagōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
audagōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
audagōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
audagōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
audagōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
audagōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
audagōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
audagōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
audagōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
audagōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
audagōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
audagōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
audagōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
audagōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
audagōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
audagōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
audagōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
audagōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
audagōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
audagōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
audagōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
audagōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
audagōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
audagōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
audagōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
audagōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
audagōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
audagōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
audagōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
audagōndz (active participle present)
audagōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *audagōn
Old English: ēadgian, ēadigian
Old High German: *ōtagōn
⇒ Old High German: giōtagōn

Old Norse: auðga

Icelandic: auðga

/ˈɑu̯.ðɑ.ɣɔː.nɑ̃/


tīdijaną

tīdijō (active first-person indicative singular)
tīdijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
tīdijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
tīdīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
tīdijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
tīdī (active imperative second-person singular)
tīdijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
tīdijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
tīdīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
tīdijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
tīdijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
tīdijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
tīdijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
tīdijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
tīdijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
tīdijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
tīdijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
tīdijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
tīdijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
tīdijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
tīdijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
tīdijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
tīdīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
tīdijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
tīdīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
tīdijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
tīdijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
tīdijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
tīdijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
tīdijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
tīdijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
tīdijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
tīdidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
tīdidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
tīdidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
tīdidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
tīdidē (active indicative singular third-person)
tīdidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
tīdidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
tīdidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
tīdidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
tīdidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
tīdidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
tīdidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
tīdidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
tīdidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
tīdidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
tīdidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
tīdijandz (active participle present)
tīdidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *tīdijan
Old English: tīdan
Middle English: tiden, tide
English: tide, tiding
Scots: tide
Old Frisian: tīdia (moved to the second weak class, possibly from a pre-form *tīdōn instead)
Old Saxon: *tīdian
Middle Low German: tīden
Old Dutch: *tīden
Middle Dutch: tiden
Dutch: tijen, tijden, tijgen (obsolete, possibly merged with the descendant of *teuhaną)
Old High German: *zīten
Middle High German: zīten
⇒ Old High German: gizīten

Old Norse: tíða
Icelandic: tíða


skuldijōną

skuldijō (active first-person indicative singular)
skuldijǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
skuldijōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
skuldijōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
skuldijōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
skuldijō (active imperative second-person singular)
skuldijōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
skuldijōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
skuldijōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
skuldijō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
skuldijōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
skuldijōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
skuldijōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
skuldijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
skuldijōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
skuldijōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
skuldijōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
skuldijōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
skuldijōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
skuldijōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
skuldijōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
skuldijōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
skuldijōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
skuldijōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
skuldijōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
skuldijōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
skuldijōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
skuldijōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
skuldijōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
skuldijōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
skuldijōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
skuldijōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
skuldijōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
skuldijōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
skuldijōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
skuldijōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
skuldijōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
skuldijōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
skuldijōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
skuldijōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
skuldijōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
skuldijōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
skuldijōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
skuldijōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
skuldijōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
skuldijōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
skuldijōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
skuldijōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
skuldijōndz (active participle present)
skuldijōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *skuldijōn

Old English: sċyldian

Old Norse: skylda

Icelandic: skylda

Norwegian:

Norwegian Bokmål: skylde

Norwegian Nynorsk: skylde, skylda

Old Swedish: skylda, skulda

Swedish: skylda, skylla

Danish: skylde

From *skuldijaz (“obligated, guilty”) + *-ōną. Compare also West Germanic *skuldijan.


skuldōną

skuldō (active first-person indicative singular)
skuldǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
skuldōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
skuldōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
skuldōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
skuldō (active imperative second-person singular)
skuldōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
skuldōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
skuldōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
skuldō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
skuldōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
skuldōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
skuldōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
skuldōs (active dual first-person indicative)
skuldōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
skuldōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
skuldōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
skuldōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
skuldōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
skuldōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
skuldōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
skuldōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
skuldōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
skuldōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
skuldōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
skuldōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
skuldōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
skuldōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
skuldōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
skuldōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
skuldōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
skuldōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
skuldōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
skuldōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
skuldōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
skuldōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
skuldōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
skuldōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
skuldōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
skuldōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
skuldōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
skuldōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
skuldōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
skuldōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
skuldōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
skuldōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
skuldōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
skuldōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
skuldōndz (active participle present)
skuldōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *skuldōn
Old Saxon: *skuldōn
Middle Low German: schulden
Low German: schullen, schulden
→ Icelandic: skulda
→ Norwegian:
Norwegian Bokmål: skulde
Norwegian Nynorsk: skulde, skulda
Old High German: skuldōn
Middle High German: schulden
German: schulden

Old Norse: *skulda

Icelandic: skulda

Norwegian:

Norwegian Bokmål: skulde

Norwegian Nynorsk: skulde, skulda

From *skuldiz (“obligation, debt”) + *-ōną.


hnipōną

hnipō (active first-person indicative singular)
hnipǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
hnipōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
hnipōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
hnipōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
hnipō (active imperative second-person singular)
hnipōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
hnipōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
hnipōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
hnipō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
hnipōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
hnipōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
hnipōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
hnipōs (active dual first-person indicative)
hnipōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
hnipōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
hnipōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
hnipōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
hnipōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
hnipōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
hnipōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
hnipōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
hnipōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
hnipōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
hnipōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
hnipōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
hnipōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
hnipōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
hnipōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
hnipōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
hnipōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
hnipōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
hnipōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
hnipōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
hnipōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
hnipōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
hnipōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
hnipōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
hnipōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
hnipōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
hnipōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
hnipōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
hnipōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
hnipōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
hnipōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
hnipōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
hnipōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
hnipōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
hnipōndz (active participle present)
hnipōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)
*hnīpōną (alternative)

Proto-West Germanic: *hnipōn
Old English: hnipian
Middle English: nipen

Old Norse: hnipa, hnípa

Icelandic: hnípa

Kroonen reconstructs this as an iterative verb from Proto-Indo-European *knibʰ-néh₂-ti. Related to Lithuanian knibti (“to sink, collapse”).


hnipnaną

hnipnō (active first-person indicative singular)
hnipnaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
hnipnōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
hnipnais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
hnipnō (active imperative second-person singular)
hnipnōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
hnipnai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
hnipnōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
hnipnōs (active dual first-person indicative)
hnipnaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
hnipnaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
hnipnaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
hnipnaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
hnipnamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
hnipnaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
hnipnaþ (active indicative plural second-person)
hnipnaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
hnipnaþ (active imperative plural second-person)
hnipnanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
hnipnain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
hnipnanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
hnipnōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
hnipnōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
hnipnōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
hnipnōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
hnipnōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
hnipnōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
hnipnōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
hnipnōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
hnipnōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
hnipnōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
hnipnōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
hnipnōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
hnipnōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
hnipnōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
hnipnōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
hnipnōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
hnipnandz (active participle present)
*hnīpnaną (alternative)

Old Norse: hnipna, hnípna

Icelandic: hnipna

Gothic: *𐌷𐌽𐌹𐍀𐌽𐌰𐌽 (*hnipnan)

⇒ Gothic: 𐌲𐌰𐌷𐌽𐌹𐍀𐌽𐌰𐌽 (gahnipnan)


tīmōną

tīmō (active first-person indicative singular)
tīmǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
tīmōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
tīmōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
tīmōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
tīmō (active imperative second-person singular)
tīmōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
tīmōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
tīmōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
tīmō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
tīmōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
tīmōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
tīmōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
tīmōs (active dual first-person indicative)
tīmōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
tīmōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
tīmōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
tīmōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
tīmōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
tīmōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
tīmōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
tīmōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
tīmōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
tīmōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
tīmōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
tīmōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
tīmōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
tīmōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
tīmōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
tīmōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
tīmōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
tīmōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
tīmōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
tīmōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
tīmōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
tīmōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
tīmōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
tīmōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
tīmōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
tīmōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
tīmōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
tīmōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
tīmōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
tīmōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
tīmōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
tīmōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
tīmōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
tīmōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
tīmōndz (active participle present)
tīmōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *tīmōn
Old English: *tīmian
Middle English: timen, tymen
English: time
⇒ Old English: getīmian
Middle English: itimien
⇒ Old English: mistīmian

Old Norse: tíma

Faroese: tíma

Old Swedish: tīma

Swedish: tima


finhlōną

finhlō (active first-person indicative singular)
finhlǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
finhlōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
finhlōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
finhlōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
finhlō (active imperative second-person singular)
finhlōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
finhlōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
finhlōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
finhlō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
finhlōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
finhlōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
finhlōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
finhlōs (active dual first-person indicative)
finhlōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
finhlōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
finhlōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
finhlōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
finhlōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
finhlōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
finhlōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
finhlōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
finhlōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
finhlōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
finhlōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
finhlōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
finhlōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
finhlōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
finhlōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
finhlōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
finhlōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
finhlōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
finhlōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
finhlōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
finhlōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
finhlōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
finhlōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
finhlōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
finhlōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
finhlōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
finhlōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
finhlōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
finhlōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
finhlōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
finhlōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
finhlōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
finhlōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
finhlōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
finhlōndz (active participle present)
finhlōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *fį̄hlōn, *finhalōn, *finhilōn
Old English: fīlian
Middle English: filen
English: file
Old Frisian: *fīlia
West Frisian: fylje
Old Saxon: fīlon
Middle Low German: vīlen
Old Dutch: *fīlon
Middle Dutch: vilen
Dutch: vijlen
Afrikaans: vyl
Old High German: fīlōn, fīhalōn, fīgilōn
Middle High German: vīlen, vīhelen, fīlen
German: feilen

From unattested strong verb *finhaną + *-lōną, from Proto-Indo-European *pi-né-k-ti ~ *pi-n-k-énti, nasal-infix of *peyḱ- (“to engrave, adorn, shape”).


wēpnōną

wēpnō (active first-person indicative singular)
wēpnǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
wēpnōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
wēpnōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
wēpnōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
wēpnō (active imperative second-person singular)
wēpnōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
wēpnōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
wēpnōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
wēpnō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
wēpnōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
wēpnōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
wēpnōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
wēpnōs (active dual first-person indicative)
wēpnōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
wēpnōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
wēpnōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
wēpnōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
wēpnōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
wēpnōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
wēpnōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
wēpnōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
wēpnōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
wēpnōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
wēpnōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
wēpnōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
wēpnōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
wēpnōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
wēpnōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
wēpnōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
wēpnōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
wēpnōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
wēpnōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
wēpnōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
wēpnōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
wēpnōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
wēpnōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
wēpnōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
wēpnōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
wēpnōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
wēpnōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
wēpnōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
wēpnōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
wēpnōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
wēpnōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
wēpnōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
wēpnōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
wēpnōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
wēpnōndz (active participle present)
wēpnōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *wāpnōn
Old English: wǣpnian
Middle English: wepnen
English: weapon
Old Frisian: wēpenia
Old Saxon: *wāpanōn
Middle Low German: wāpenen
→ Middle High German: wâpenen, wōpenen
German: wappnen
Old Dutch: *wāpanon
Middle Dutch: wâpenen
Dutch: wapenen
Old High German: wāfanōn
Middle High German: wāfenen
German: waffnen

Old Norse: vápna

Icelandic: vopna


wēpnijaną

wēpnijō (active first-person indicative singular)
wēpnijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
wēpnijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
wēpnīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
wēpnijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
wēpnī (active imperative second-person singular)
wēpnijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
wēpnijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
wēpnīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
wēpnijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
wēpnijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
wēpnijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
wēpnijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
wēpnijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
wēpnijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
wēpnijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
wēpnijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
wēpnijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
wēpnijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
wēpnijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
wēpnijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
wēpnijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
wēpnīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
wēpnijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
wēpnīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
wēpnijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
wēpnijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
wēpnijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
wēpnijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
wēpnijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
wēpnijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
wēpnijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
wēpnidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
wēpnidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
wēpnidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
wēpnidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
wēpnidē (active indicative singular third-person)
wēpnidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
wēpnidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
wēpnidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
wēpnidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
wēpnidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
wēpnidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
wēpnidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
wēpnidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
wēpnidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
wēpnidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
wēpnidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
wēpnijandz (active participle present)
wēpnidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *wāpnijan
Old Saxon: *wāpanian
Middle Low German: wēpenen
Old Dutch: *wāpanen (could be from *wēpnōną instead)
Middle Dutch: wāpenen
Dutch: wapenen
Old High German: wāfanen
Middle High German: wæfenen, weffenen

Old Norse: væpna

Icelandic: væpna

Norwegian:

Norwegian Bokmål: væpne

Norwegian Nynorsk: væpne, væpna

Old Swedish: vǣpna

Swedish: väpna

Danish: væbne


saulijaną

saulijō (active first-person indicative singular)
saulijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
saulijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
saulīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
saulijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
saulī (active imperative second-person singular)
saulijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
saulijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
saulīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
saulijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
saulijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
saulijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
saulijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
saulijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
saulijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
saulijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
saulijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
saulijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
saulijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
saulijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
saulijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
saulijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
saulīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
saulijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
saulīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
saulijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
saulijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
saulijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
saulijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
saulijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
saulijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
saulijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
saulidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
saulidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
saulidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
saulidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
saulidē (active indicative singular third-person)
saulidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
saulidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
saulidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
saulidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
saulidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
saulidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
saulidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
saulidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
saulidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
saulidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
saulidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
saulijandz (active participle present)
saulidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *saulijan

Old Saxon: *sōlian

Middle Low German: sö̂len

German Low German: sölen

Old Dutch: *sōlen

Middle Dutch: solen, soelen

Old Norse: *seyla

Norwegian Nynorsk: søyla

Norwegian Bokmål: søle

Old Swedish: söla

Swedish: söla

Danish: søle

Gothic: *𐍃𐌰𐌿𐌻𐌾𐌰𐌽 (*sauljan)

gl

→ Old French: soillier, souillier (alternatively from Proto-West Germanic (i.e. Old Low Frankish) *saulijan)

Middle French: souiller

French: souiller

From *saulijǭ (“filth, manure”) or directly from its antecedent Proto-Indo-European *sowl-, a metathetic alteration of *solw- (“dusky, dirty, grey”).


bisaulijaną

bisaulijō (active first-person indicative singular)
bisaulijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
bisaulijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
bisaulīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
bisaulijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
bisaulī (active imperative second-person singular)
bisaulijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
bisaulijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
bisaulīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
bisaulijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
bisaulijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
bisaulijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
bisaulijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
bisaulijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
bisaulijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
bisaulijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
bisaulijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
bisaulijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
bisaulijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
bisaulijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
bisaulijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
bisaulijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
bisaulīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
bisaulijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
bisaulīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
bisaulijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
bisaulijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
bisaulijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
bisaulijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
bisaulijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
bisaulijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
bisaulijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
bisaulidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
bisaulidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
bisaulidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
bisaulidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
bisaulidē (active indicative singular third-person)
bisaulidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
bisaulidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
bisaulidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
bisaulidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
bisaulidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
bisaulidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
bisaulidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
bisaulidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
bisaulidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
bisaulidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
bisaulidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
bisaulijandz (active participle present)
bisaulidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *bisaulijan

Old English: *besīelan, *besȳlan

gl

influenced in form by Middle English <i class="Latn mention" lang="enm">soil</i>

Middle English: biselen, bisuylen, bisuelen, bysoylen, besoylen (influenced in form by Middle English soil)

English: besoil

Old Saxon: *bisōlian

Middle Low German: besö̂len

German Low German: besölen

Gothic: 𐌱𐌹𐍃𐌰𐌿𐌻𐌾𐌰𐌽 (bisauljan)


guttōną

guttō (active first-person indicative singular)
guttǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
guttōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
guttōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
guttōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
guttō (active imperative second-person singular)
guttōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
guttōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
guttōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
guttō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
guttōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
guttōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
guttōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
guttōs (active dual first-person indicative)
guttōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
guttōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
guttōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
guttōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
guttōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
guttōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
guttōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
guttōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
guttōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
guttōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
guttōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
guttōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
guttōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
guttōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
guttōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
guttōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
guttōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
guttōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
guttōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
guttōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
guttōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
guttōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
guttōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
guttōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
guttōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
guttōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
guttōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
guttōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
guttōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
guttōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
guttōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
guttōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
guttōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
guttōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
guttōndz (active participle present)
guttōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *guttōn, *gutōn

Old High German: gozzōn, *gussōn

⇒ Old High German: ubargussōn

Old Norse: gota

Norwegian:

Norwegian Bokmål: gåtte (dialectal)

Norwegian Nynorsk: gote, gota

An iterative verb closely related to the strong verb *geutaną, both ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰewd- (“to pour”).
Kroonen however, reconstructs a pre-form Proto-Indo-European *gut-néh₂-ti, with an incorporated aorist -t ending in the root. He suggests that strong verb was backformed to the iterative.


duppōną

duppō (active first-person indicative singular)
duppǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
duppōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
duppōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
duppōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
duppō (active imperative second-person singular)
duppōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
duppōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
duppōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
duppō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
duppōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
duppōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
duppōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
duppōs (active dual first-person indicative)
duppōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
duppōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
duppōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
duppōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
duppōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
duppōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
duppōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
duppōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
duppōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
duppōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
duppōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
duppōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
duppōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
duppōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
duppōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
duppōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
duppōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
duppōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
duppōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
duppōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
duppōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
duppōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
duppōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
duppōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
duppōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
duppōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
duppōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
duppōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
duppōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
duppōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
duppōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
duppōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
duppōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
duppōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
duppōndz (active participle present)
duppōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *duppōn

Old Dutch: *doppon

Middle Dutch: doppen

Dutch: doppen, dobben (dialectal)

⇒? Dutch: dobberen (or derived from dobber)

Old High German: topfōn

Middle High German: *topfen

German: tupfen, topfen

Old Norse: *duppa, *dubba

Norwegian:

Norwegian Bokmål: duppe

desc

Norwegian Nynorsk: duppe, dubbe, duppa, dubba

Elfdalian: duppa

Swedish: doppa

Danish: duppe

From Pre-Germanic *dʰubʰ-néh₂- from Proto-Indo-European *dʰewbʰ- (“deep”), thus "go deep" > "dive". By synchronic analysis, an iterative verb related to the strong verb *dūbaną (“to dive”). Compare also West Germanic *duppijan.


hugōną

hugō (active first-person indicative singular)
hugǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
hugōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
hugōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
hugōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
hugō (active imperative second-person singular)
hugōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
hugōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
hugōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
hugō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
hugōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
hugōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
hugōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
hugōs (active dual first-person indicative)
hugōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
hugōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
hugōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
hugōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
hugōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
hugōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
hugōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
hugōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
hugōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
hugōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
hugōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
hugōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
hugōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
hugōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
hugōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
hugōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
hugōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
hugōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
hugōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
hugōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
hugōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
hugōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
hugōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
hugōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
hugōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
hugōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
hugōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
hugōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
hugōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
hugōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
hugōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
hugōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
hugōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
hugōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
hugōndz (active participle present)
hugōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *hugōn

desctree

Old English: hogian, hugian, hohgian, hohggian
Middle English: hoȝen, howen
English: ho, how

Old Frisian: hugia

Saterland Frisian: hoagje

West Frisian: hûgje

Old Saxon: *hugōn, *hogōn

Middle Low German: hugen, hogen, hōgen

German Low German: hugen

Old Dutch: *hugon, *hogon

desc

Middle Dutch: hogen, hōgen, huegen, heugen

Dutch: heugen

Old High German: *hugōn, *hogōn

Middle High German: hugen, hogen

⇒ Old High German: hogazzen, hogezzen

Old Norse: huga

Icelandic: huga

Faroese: huga

Uncertain. Synchronically analyzable as *hugiz (“understanding, mind”) + *-ōną (“verbal suffix”).


wallōną

wallō (active first-person indicative singular)
wallǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
wallōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
wallōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
wallōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
wallō (active imperative second-person singular)
wallōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
wallōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
wallōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
wallō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
wallōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
wallōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
wallōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
wallōs (active dual first-person indicative)
wallōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
wallōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
wallōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
wallōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
wallōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
wallōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
wallōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
wallōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
wallōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
wallōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
wallōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
wallōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
wallōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
wallōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
wallōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
wallōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
wallōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
wallōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
wallōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
wallōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
wallōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
wallōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
wallōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
wallōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
wallōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
wallōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
wallōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
wallōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
wallōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
wallōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
wallōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
wallōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
wallōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
wallōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
wallōndz (active participle present)
wallōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *wallōn
Old English: weallian
Old Saxon: *wallōn
Middle Low German: wallen, wālen
Old Dutch: *wallon
Middle Dutch: wallen, wālen
Dutch: wallen (obsolete)
Old High German: wallōn
Middle High German: wallen, walen
German: wallen

From Pre-Germanic *wolH-néh₂- from *welH- (“to turn, coil”). An iterative verb related to strong verb *wellaną (“to roll, toss”).


ōþalōną

ōþalō (active first-person indicative singular)
ōþalǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
ōþalōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
ōþalōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
ōþalōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
ōþalō (active imperative second-person singular)
ōþalōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
ōþalōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
ōþalōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
ōþalō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
ōþalōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
ōþalōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
ōþalōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
ōþalōs (active dual first-person indicative)
ōþalōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
ōþalōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
ōþalōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
ōþalōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
ōþalōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
ōþalōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
ōþalōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
ōþalōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
ōþalōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
ōþalōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
ōþalōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
ōþalōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
ōþalōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
ōþalōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
ōþalōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
ōþalōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
ōþalōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
ōþalōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
ōþalōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
ōþalōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
ōþalōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
ōþalōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
ōþalōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
ōþalōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
ōþalōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
ōþalōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
ōþalōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
ōþalōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
ōþalōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
ōþalōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
ōþalōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
ōþalōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
ōþalōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
ōþalōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
ōþalōndz (active participle present)
ōþalōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *ōþilōn

Old Frisian: ēthelia

Old Norse: ǫðlask, óðlask
Icelandic: öðlast
Norwegian: odla, odle
Swedish: odla
→ Danish: odle (obsolete)
→ Old English: edlēan
Middle English: addlen, adlen
English: addle

/ˈɔː.θɑ.lɔː.nɑ̃/


kalbōną

kalbō (active first-person indicative singular)
kalbǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
kalbōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
kalbōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
kalbōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
kalbō (active imperative second-person singular)
kalbōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
kalbōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
kalbōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
kalbō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
kalbōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
kalbōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
kalbōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
kalbōs (active dual first-person indicative)
kalbōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
kalbōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
kalbōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
kalbōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
kalbōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
kalbōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
kalbōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
kalbōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
kalbōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
kalbōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
kalbōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
kalbōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
kalbōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
kalbōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
kalbōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
kalbōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
kalbōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
kalbōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
kalbōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
kalbōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
kalbōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
kalbōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
kalbōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
kalbōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
kalbōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
kalbōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
kalbōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
kalbōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
kalbōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
kalbōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
kalbōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
kalbōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
kalbōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
kalbōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
kalbōndz (active participle present)
kalbōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *kalbōn
Old English: ċealfian
Middle English: calven
English: calve
Scots: cauve, cauf, cawf, caulf
Old Frisian: *kālia
Saterland Frisian: koolvje
West Frisian: kealje
Old Saxon: *kalvōn
Middle Low German: kalven
German Low German: kalven
Old Dutch: *calvon
Middle Dutch: calven
Dutch: kalven
Old High German: *kalbōn
Middle High German: kalben
German: kalben

Old Norse: *kalfa

Icelandic: kálfa

Faroese: kálva

Norwegian Nynorsk: kalva, kalve

Norwegian Bokmål: kalve

Swedish: kalva

Old Norse: kelfaIcelandic: kelfaNorwegian Nynorsk: kjelva


uberstīganą

uberstīgō (active first-person indicative singular)
uberstīgaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
uberstīgai (first-person indicative passive singular)
ubirstīgizi (active indicative second-person singular)
uberstīgaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
uberstīg (active imperative second-person singular)
uberstīgazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
uberstīgaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
ubirstīgidi (active indicative singular third-person)
uberstīgai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
uberstīgadau (active imperative singular third-person)
uberstīgadai (indicative passive singular third-person)
uberstīgaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
uberstīgōz (active dual first-person indicative)
uberstīgaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
uberstīgadiz (active dual indicative second-person)
uberstīgaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
uberstīgadiz (active dual imperative second-person)
uberstīgamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
uberstīgaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
uberstīgandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
uberstīgaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
ubirstīgid (active indicative plural second-person)
uberstīgaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
ubirstīgid (active imperative plural second-person)
uberstīgandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
uberstīgaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
uberstīgandi (active indicative plural third-person)
uberstīgain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
uberstīgandau (active imperative plural third-person)
uberstīgandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
uberstīgaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
uberstaig (active first-person indicative singular)
uberstigį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
uberstaiht (active indicative second-person singular)
uberstigīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
uberstaig (active indicative singular third-person)
uberstigī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
uberstigū (active dual first-person indicative)
uberstigīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
uberstigudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
uberstigīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
uberstigum (active first-person indicative plural)
uberstigīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
uberstigud (active indicative plural second-person)
uberstigīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
uberstigun (active indicative plural third-person)
uberstigīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
uberstīgandz (active participle present)
uberstiganaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *obarstīgan, *ubirstīgan

Old English: oferstīgan

Old Saxon: *ovarstīgan

desc

Middle Low German: ȫverstīgen, ōverstīgen

Old Dutch: *overstīgan

Middle Dutch: overstigen

Dutch: overstijgen

Old High German: ubarstīgan

Middle High German: überstīgen, oberstīgen

German: übersteigen

Old Norse: *yfirstíga (implied by yfirstiginn)

⇒ Old Norse: yfirstígari ("conquerer")

Gothic: 𐌿𐍆𐌰𐍂𐍃𐍄𐌴𐌹𐌲𐌰𐌽 (ufarsteigan)


uberlīþaną

uberlīþō (active first-person indicative singular)
uberlīþaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
uberlīþai (first-person indicative passive singular)
ubirlīþizi (active indicative second-person singular)
uberlīþaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
uberlīþ (active imperative second-person singular)
uberlīþazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
uberlīþaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
ubirlīþidi (active indicative singular third-person)
uberlīþai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
uberlīþadau (active imperative singular third-person)
uberlīþadai (indicative passive singular third-person)
uberlīþaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
uberlīþōz (active dual first-person indicative)
uberlīþaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
uberlīþadiz (active dual indicative second-person)
uberlīþaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
uberlīþadiz (active dual imperative second-person)
uberlīþamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
uberlīþaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
uberlīþandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
uberlīþaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
ubirlīþid (active indicative plural second-person)
uberlīþaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
ubirlīþid (active imperative plural second-person)
uberlīþandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
uberlīþaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
uberlīþandi (active indicative plural third-person)
uberlīþain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
uberlīþandau (active imperative plural third-person)
uberlīþandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
uberlīþaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
uberlaiþ (active first-person indicative singular)
uberlidį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
uberlaist (active indicative second-person singular)
uberlidīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
uberlaiþ (active indicative singular third-person)
uberlidī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
uberlidū (active dual first-person indicative)
uberlidīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
uberlidudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
uberlidīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
uberlidum (active first-person indicative plural)
uberlidīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
uberlidud (active indicative plural second-person)
uberlidīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
uberlidun (active indicative plural third-person)
uberlidīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
uberlīþandz (active participle present)
uberlidanaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *obarlīþan, *ubirlīþan

Old English: oferlīþan

Old Saxon: *ovarlīþan

Middle Low German: ȫverlīden, ōverlīden

Old Dutch: overlīthan
Middle Dutch: overliden
Dutch: overlijden
Afrikaans: oorly

Old High German: *ubarlīdan

Middle High German: überlīden

German: überleiden (obsolete)

Gothic: 𐌿𐍆𐌰𐍂𐌻𐌴𐌹𐌸𐌰𐌽 (ufarleiþan)


ubergeutaną

ubergeutō (active first-person indicative singular)
ubergeutaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
ubergeutai (first-person indicative passive singular)
ubirgiutizi (active indicative second-person singular)
ubergeutaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
ubergeut (active imperative second-person singular)
ubergeutazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
ubergeutaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
ubirgiutidi (active indicative singular third-person)
ubergeutai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
ubergeutadau (active imperative singular third-person)
ubergeutadai (indicative passive singular third-person)
ubergeutaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
ubergeutōz (active dual first-person indicative)
ubergeutaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
ubergeutadiz (active dual indicative second-person)
ubergeutaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
ubergeutadiz (active dual imperative second-person)
ubergeutamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
ubergeutaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
ubergeutandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
ubergeutaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
ubirgiutid (active indicative plural second-person)
ubergeutaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
ubirgiutid (active imperative plural second-person)
ubergeutandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
ubergeutaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
ubergeutandi (active indicative plural third-person)
ubergeutain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
ubergeutandau (active imperative plural third-person)
ubergeutandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
ubergeutaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
ubergaut (active first-person indicative singular)
ubergitį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
ubergaust (active indicative second-person singular)
ubergitīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
ubergaut (active indicative singular third-person)
ubergitī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
ubergitū (active dual first-person indicative)
ubergitīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
ubergitudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
ubergitīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
ubergitum (active first-person indicative plural)
ubergitīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
ubergitud (active indicative plural second-person)
ubergitīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
ubergitun (active indicative plural third-person)
ubergitīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
ubergeutandz (active participle present)
ubergitanaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *obargeutan, *ubirgeutan

Old English: oferġēotan

Middle English: overyeten

Old Saxon: *ovargiotan

Middle Low German: ȫvergēten, ōvergēten

Old Dutch: *overgietan

Middle Dutch: overgieten

Dutch: overgieten

Old High German: *ubargiozan

Middle High German: übergiezen

German: übergießen

Gothic: 𐌿𐍆𐌰𐍂𐌲𐌹𐌿𐍄𐌰𐌽 (ufargiutan)


uberwahsijaną

uberwahsijō (active first-person indicative singular)
uberwahsijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
uberwahsijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
uberwahsīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
uberwahsijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
uberwahsī (active imperative second-person singular)
uberwahsijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
uberwahsijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
uberwahsīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
uberwahsijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
uberwahsijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
uberwahsijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
uberwahsijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
uberwahsijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
uberwahsijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
uberwahsijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
uberwahsijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
uberwahsijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
uberwahsijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
uberwahsijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
uberwahsijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
uberwahsijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
uberwahsīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
uberwahsijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
uberwahsīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
uberwahsijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
uberwahsijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
uberwahsijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
uberwahsijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
uberwahsijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
uberwahsijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
uberwahsijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
uberwōhs (active first-person indicative singular)
uberwōhsį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
uberwōhst (active indicative second-person singular)
uberwōhsīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
uberwōhs (active indicative singular third-person)
uberwōhsī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
uberwōhsū (active dual first-person indicative)
uberwōhsīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
uberwōhsudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
uberwōhsīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
uberwōhsum (active first-person indicative plural)
uberwōhsīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
uberwōhsud (active indicative plural second-person)
uberwōhsīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
uberwōhsun (active indicative plural third-person)
uberwōhsīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
uberwahsijandz (active participle present)
uberwahsanaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *obarwahsan, *ubirwahsan

Old English: oferweaxan

Middle English: overwaxen

English: overwax (obsolete)

Old Saxon: *ovarwahsan

Middle Low German: *ȫverwassen

⇒ Middle Low German: ȫverwassinge

Old Dutch: *overwassan

Middle Dutch: overwassen

Dutch: overwassen (obsolete)

Old High German: ubarwahsan

Middle High German: überwahsen

German: überwachsen

Gothic: 𐌿𐍆𐌰𐍂𐍅𐌰𐌷𐍃𐌾𐌰𐌽 (ufarwahsjan)


uberlagjaną

uberlagjō (active first-person indicative singular)
uberlagjaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
uberlagjai (first-person indicative passive singular)
uberlagisi (active indicative second-person singular)
uberlagjais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
uberlagi (active imperative second-person singular)
uberlagjasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
uberlagjaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
uberlagiþi (active indicative singular third-person)
uberlagjai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
uberlagjaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
uberlagjaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
uberlagjaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
uberlagjōs (active dual first-person indicative)
uberlagjaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
uberlagjaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
uberlagjaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
uberlagjaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
uberlagjamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
uberlagjaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
uberlagjanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
uberlagjainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
uberlagiþ (active indicative plural second-person)
uberlagjaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
uberlagiþ (active imperative plural second-person)
uberlagjanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
uberlagjainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
uberlagjanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
uberlagjain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
uberlagjanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
uberlagjanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
uberlagjainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
uberlagidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
uberlagidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
uberlagidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
uberlagidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
uberlagidē (active indicative singular third-person)
uberlagidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
uberlagidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
uberlagidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
uberlagidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
uberlagidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
uberlagidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
uberlagidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
uberlagidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
uberlagidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
uberlagidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
uberlagidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
uberlagjandz (active participle present)
uberlagidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *obarlaggjan, *ubirlaggjan

Old English: oferlecgan
Middle English: overlayen
English: overlay

Old Frisian: overledza, ūrledza
Saterland Frisian: úurlääse, uurläze
West Frisian: oerlizze

Old Saxon: *ovarleggian

desc

Middle Low German: ȫverleggen, ȫverlēgen

→ Swedish: överlägga

Old Dutch: *overleggen

Middle Dutch: overleggen

Dutch: overleggen

Old High German: ubarleggen

Middle High German: überlegen

Bavarian: iwalegn

German: überlegen

Gothic: 𐌿𐍆𐌰𐍂𐌻𐌰𐌲𐌾𐌰𐌽 (ufarlagjan)


frawrekaną

frawrekō (active first-person indicative singular)
frawrekaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
frawrekai (first-person indicative passive singular)
frawrikizi (active indicative second-person singular)
frawrekaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
frawrek (active imperative second-person singular)
frawrekazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
frawrekaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
frawrikidi (active indicative singular third-person)
frawrekai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
frawrekadau (active imperative singular third-person)
frawrekadai (indicative passive singular third-person)
frawrekaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
frawrekōz (active dual first-person indicative)
frawrekaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
frawrekadiz (active dual indicative second-person)
frawrekaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
frawrekadiz (active dual imperative second-person)
frawrekamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
frawrekaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
frawrekandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
frawrekaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
frawrikid (active indicative plural second-person)
frawrekaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
frawrikid (active imperative plural second-person)
frawrekandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
frawrekaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
frawrekandi (active indicative plural third-person)
frawrekain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
frawrekandau (active imperative plural third-person)
frawrekandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
frawrekaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
frawrak (active first-person indicative singular)
frawrēkį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
frawraht (active indicative second-person singular)
frawrēkīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
frawrak (active indicative singular third-person)
frawrēkī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
frawrēkū (active dual first-person indicative)
frawrēkīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
frawrēkudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
frawrēkīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
frawrēkum (active first-person indicative plural)
frawrēkīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
frawrēkud (active indicative plural second-person)
frawrēkīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
frawrēkun (active indicative plural third-person)
frawrēkīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
frawrekandz (active participle present)
frawrekanaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *frawrekan
Old English: forwrecan
Old Saxon: *farwrekan
Middle Low German: vörwrēken, vorwrēken
Old Dutch: *farwrekan
Middle Dutch: verwrēken
Dutch: verwreken
Old High German: *firrëhhan
Middle High German: verrëchen

Gothic: 𐍆𐍂𐌰𐍅𐍂𐌹𐌺𐌰𐌽 (frawrikan)


frawrōgijaną

frawrōgijō (active first-person indicative singular)
frawrōgijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
frawrōgijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
frawrōgīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
frawrōgijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
frawrōgī (active imperative second-person singular)
frawrōgijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
frawrōgijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
frawrōgīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
frawrōgijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
frawrōgijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
frawrōgijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
frawrōgijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
frawrōgijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
frawrōgijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
frawrōgijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
frawrōgijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
frawrōgijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
frawrōgijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
frawrōgijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
frawrōgijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
frawrōgijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
frawrōgīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
frawrōgijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
frawrōgīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
frawrōgijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
frawrōgijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
frawrōgijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
frawrōgijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
frawrōgijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
frawrōgijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
frawrōgijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
frawrōgidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
frawrōgidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
frawrōgidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
frawrōgidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
frawrōgidē (active indicative singular third-person)
frawrōgidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
frawrōgidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
frawrōgidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
frawrōgidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
frawrōgidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
frawrōgidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
frawrōgidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
frawrōgidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
frawrōgidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
frawrōgidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
frawrōgidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
frawrōgijandz (active participle present)
frawrōgidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *frawrōgijan
Old English: forwrēgan
Middle English: forwreyen
Old Saxon: *farwrōgian
Middle Low German: vörwrȫgen, vorwrȫgen
Old High German: firruogen
Middle High German: verrüegen

Gothic: 𐍆𐍂𐌰𐍅𐍂𐍉𐌷𐌾𐌰𐌽 (frawrōhjan)


frawerpaną

frawerpō (active first-person indicative singular)
frawerpaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
frawerpai (first-person indicative passive singular)
frawirpizi (active indicative second-person singular)
frawerpaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
frawerp (active imperative second-person singular)
frawerpazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
frawerpaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
frawirpidi (active indicative singular third-person)
frawerpai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
frawerpadau (active imperative singular third-person)
frawerpadai (indicative passive singular third-person)
frawerpaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
frawerpōz (active dual first-person indicative)
frawerpaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
frawerpadiz (active dual indicative second-person)
frawerpaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
frawerpadiz (active dual imperative second-person)
frawerpamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
frawerpaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
frawerpandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
frawerpaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
frawirpid (active indicative plural second-person)
frawerpaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
frawirpid (active imperative plural second-person)
frawerpandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
frawerpaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
frawerpandi (active indicative plural third-person)
frawerpain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
frawerpandau (active imperative plural third-person)
frawerpandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
frawerpaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
frawarp (active first-person indicative singular)
frawurpį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
frawarft (active indicative second-person singular)
frawurpīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
frawarp (active indicative singular third-person)
frawurpī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
frawurpū (active dual first-person indicative)
frawurpīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
frawurpudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
frawurpīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
frawurpum (active first-person indicative plural)
frawurpīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
frawurpud (active indicative plural second-person)
frawurpīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
frawurpun (active indicative plural third-person)
frawurpīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
frawerpandz (active participle present)
frawurpanaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *frawerpan
Old English: forweorpan
Middle English: forwerpen
English: forwerp
Old Saxon: farwerpan
Middle Low German: vörwerpen, vorwerpen
Old Dutch: farwerpan
Middle Dutch: verwerpen
Dutch: verwerpen
Old High German: firwerfan
Middle High German: verwerfen
German: verwerfen

Gothic: 𐍆𐍂𐌰𐍅𐌰𐌹𐍂𐍀𐌰𐌽 (frawairpan)


fratrudaną

fratrudō (active first-person indicative singular)
fratrudaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
fratrudai (first-person indicative passive singular)
fratrudizi (active indicative second-person singular)
fratrudaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
fratrud (active imperative second-person singular)
fratrudazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
fratrudaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
fratrudidi (active indicative singular third-person)
fratrudai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
fratrudadau (active imperative singular third-person)
fratrudadai (indicative passive singular third-person)
fratrudaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
fratrudōz (active dual first-person indicative)
fratrudaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
fratrudadiz (active dual indicative second-person)
fratrudaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
fratrudadiz (active dual imperative second-person)
fratrudamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
fratrudaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
fratrudandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
fratrudaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
fratrudid (active indicative plural second-person)
fratrudaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
fratrudid (active imperative plural second-person)
fratrudandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
fratrudaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
fratrudandi (active indicative plural third-person)
fratrudain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
fratrudandau (active imperative plural third-person)
fratrudandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
fratrudaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
fratrad (active first-person indicative singular)
fratrēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
fratrast (active indicative second-person singular)
fratrēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
fratrad (active indicative singular third-person)
fratrēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
fratrēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
fratrēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
fratrēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
fratrēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
fratrēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
fratrēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
fratrēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
fratrēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
fratrēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
fratrēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
fratrudandz (active participle present)
fratrudanaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *fratredan
Old English: fortredan
Middle English: fortreden
English: fortread
Old Frisian: *fortreda
West Frisian: fertrêdzje
Old Saxon: *fartredan
Middle Low German: vörtreden, vortreden
Old Dutch: *fartredan
Middle Dutch: vertreden
Dutch: vertreden
Old High German: firtrëtan
Middle High German: vertrëten
German: vertreten

Gothic: 𐍆𐍂𐌰𐍄𐍂𐌿𐌳𐌰𐌽 (fratrudan)


swaimōną

swaimō (active first-person indicative singular)
swaimǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
swaimōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
swaimōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
swaimōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
swaimō (active imperative second-person singular)
swaimōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
swaimōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
swaimōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
swaimō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
swaimōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
swaimōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
swaimōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
swaimōs (active dual first-person indicative)
swaimōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
swaimōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
swaimōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
swaimōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
swaimōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
swaimōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
swaimōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
swaimōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
swaimōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
swaimōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
swaimōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
swaimōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
swaimōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
swaimōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
swaimōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
swaimōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
swaimōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
swaimōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
swaimōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
swaimōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
swaimōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
swaimōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
swaimōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
swaimōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
swaimōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
swaimōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
swaimōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
swaimōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
swaimōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
swaimōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
swaimōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
swaimōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
swaimōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
swaimōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
swaimōndz (active participle present)
swaimōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *swaimōn
>? Old English: swāmian (to get dark)
Old Saxon: *swēmōn
Middle Low German: swêmen, sweimen
Old Dutch: *sweimon, *swēmon
Middle Dutch: sweimen, *swêmen
Dutch: zwemen
Old High German: *sweimōn
Middle High German: sweimen

Old Norse: sveima

Icelandic: sveima

Norwegian Nynorsk: sveime, sveima

Likely related to *swīmaną (“to sway, swoon”).


rammijaną

rammijō (active first-person indicative singular)
rammijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
rammijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
rammīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
rammijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
rammī (active imperative second-person singular)
rammijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
rammijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
rammīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
rammijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
rammijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
rammijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
rammijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
rammijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
rammijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
rammijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
rammijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
rammijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
rammijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
rammijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
rammijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
rammijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
rammīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
rammijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
rammīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
rammijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
rammijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
rammijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
rammijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
rammijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
rammijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
rammijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
rammidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
rammidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
rammidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
rammidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
rammidē (active indicative singular third-person)
rammidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
rammidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
rammidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
rammidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
rammidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
rammidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
rammidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
rammidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
rammidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
rammidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
rammidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
rammijandz (active participle present)
rammidaz (active participle past subjunctive)
*ramjaną (alternative)

Proto-West Germanic: *rammijan

⇒? Old English: remian

gl

alternatively allied to Proto-West Germanic <i class="Latn mention" lang="gmw-pro">*hramu</i>

⇒? Old Frisian: ramia, remia (alternatively allied to Proto-West Germanic *hramu)

Old Norse: remma

Icelandic: remma


managafalþōną

managafalþō (active first-person indicative singular)
managafalþǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
managafalþōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
managafalþōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
managafalþōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
managafalþō (active imperative second-person singular)
managafalþōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
managafalþōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
managafalþōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
managafalþō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
managafalþōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
managafalþōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
managafalþōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
managafalþōs (active dual first-person indicative)
managafalþōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
managafalþōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
managafalþōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
managafalþōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
managafalþōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
managafalþōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
managafalþōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
managafalþōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
managafalþōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
managafalþōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
managafalþōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
managafalþōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
managafalþōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
managafalþōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
managafalþōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
managafalþōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
managafalþōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
managafalþōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
managafalþōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
managafalþōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
managafalþōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
managafalþōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
managafalþōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
managafalþōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
managafalþōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
managafalþōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
managafalþōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
managafalþōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
managafalþōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
managafalþōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
managafalþōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
managafalþōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
managafalþōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
managafalþōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
managafalþōndz (active participle present)
managafalþōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *managafaldōn
Old English: manigfealdian
Middle English: manifolden
English: manifold
Old Frisian: monichfaldia, manichfaldia
Old Saxon: managfaldōn
Middle Low German: mannichvōlden
Old Dutch: manigfaldon
Middle Dutch: menichvouden
Old High German: managfaltōn
Middle High German: manicvalten, manecvalten, manicfalten

Old Norse: margfalda

Icelandic: margfalda

Norwegian Nynorsk: mangfalde, mangfalda

Swedish: mångfalda

/ˈmɑ.nɑ.ɣɑ.ˌɸɑl.θɔː.nɑ̃/

From *managafalþaz (“various, diverse, manifold”) + *-ōną.


stallōną

stallō (active first-person indicative singular)
stallǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
stallōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
stallōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
stallōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
stallō (active imperative second-person singular)
stallōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
stallōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
stallōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
stallō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
stallōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
stallōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
stallōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
stallōs (active dual first-person indicative)
stallōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
stallōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
stallōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
stallōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
stallōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
stallōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
stallōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
stallōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
stallōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
stallōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
stallōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
stallōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
stallōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
stallōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
stallōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
stallōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
stallōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
stallōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
stallōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
stallōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
stallōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
stallōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
stallōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
stallōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
stallōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
stallōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
stallōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
stallōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
stallōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
stallōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
stallōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
stallōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
stallōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
stallōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
stallōndz (active participle present)
stallōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *stallōn
Old English: steallian
Middle English: stallen
English: stall
Old Frisian: stallia
Saterland Frisian: stalle, staale
West Frisian: stâlje, stâle, stalje, stalle
Old Saxon: *stallōn
Middle Low German: stallen
Old Dutch: *stallon
Middle Dutch: stallen
Dutch: stallen
Old High German: *stallōn
Middle High German: stallen

Old Norse: stalla

Norwegian:

Norwegian Bokmål: stalle

Norwegian Nynorsk: stalle, stalla

Swedish: stalla


fardijōną

fardijō (active first-person indicative singular)
fardijǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
fardijōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
fardijōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
fardijōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
fardijō (active imperative second-person singular)
fardijōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
fardijōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
fardijōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
fardijō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
fardijōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
fardijōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
fardijōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
fardijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
fardijōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
fardijōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
fardijōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
fardijōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
fardijōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
fardijōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
fardijōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
fardijōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
fardijōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
fardijōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
fardijōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
fardijōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
fardijōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
fardijōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
fardijōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
fardijōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
fardijōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
fardijōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
fardijōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
fardijōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
fardijōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
fardijōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
fardijōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
fardijōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
fardijōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
fardijōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
fardijōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
fardijōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
fardijōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
fardijōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
fardijōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
fardijōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
fardijōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
fardijōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
fardijōndz (active participle present)
fardijōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *fardijōn, *fardōn
Old English: fierdian, fyrdian
Middle English: ferden, furdien
Old Saxon: *fardōn
Middle Low German: *vārden
⇒ Middle Low German: hērvārden
⇒ Middle Low German: walvārden
Old High German: *fartōn, *fertion
Middle High German: verten, ferten
⇒ Old High German: anagifartōn
⇒ Old High German: gisamantfartōn

Old Norse: ferðask

Icelandic: ferðast

Faroese: ferðast

Norwegian Bokmål: ferdes

Swedish: färdes

Danish: færdes