smūganą

smūgō (active first-person indicative singular)
smūgaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
smūgai (first-person indicative passive singular)
smūgizi (active indicative second-person singular)
smūgaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
smūg (active imperative second-person singular)
smūgazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
smūgaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
smūgidi (active indicative singular third-person)
smūgai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
smūgadau (active imperative singular third-person)
smūgadai (indicative passive singular third-person)
smūgaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
smūgōz (active dual first-person indicative)
smūgaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
smūgadiz (active dual indicative second-person)
smūgaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
smūgadiz (active dual imperative second-person)
smūgamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
smūgaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
smūgandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
smūgaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
smūgid (active indicative plural second-person)
smūgaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
smūgid (active imperative plural second-person)
smūgandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
smūgaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
smūgandi (active indicative plural third-person)
smūgain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
smūgandau (active imperative plural third-person)
smūgandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
smūgaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
smaug (active first-person indicative singular)
smugį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
smauht (active indicative second-person singular)
smugīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
smaug (active indicative singular third-person)
smugī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
smugū (active dual first-person indicative)
smugīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
smugudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
smugīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
smugum (active first-person indicative plural)
smugīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
smugud (active indicative plural second-person)
smugīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
smugun (active indicative plural third-person)
smugīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
smūgandz (active participle present)
smuganaz (active participle past subjunctive)


tremaną

tremō (active first-person indicative singular)
tremaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
tremai (first-person indicative passive singular)
trimizi (active indicative second-person singular)
tremaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
trem (active imperative second-person singular)
tremazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
tremaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
trimidi (active indicative singular third-person)
tremai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
tremadau (active imperative singular third-person)
tremadai (indicative passive singular third-person)
tremaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
tremōz (active dual first-person indicative)
tremaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
tremadiz (active dual indicative second-person)
tremaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
tremadiz (active dual imperative second-person)
tremamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
tremaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
tremandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
tremaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
trimid (active indicative plural second-person)
tremaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
trimid (active imperative plural second-person)
tremandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
tremaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
tremandi (active indicative plural third-person)
tremain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
tremandau (active imperative plural third-person)
tremandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
tremaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
tram (active first-person indicative singular)
trēmį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
tramt (active indicative second-person singular)
trēmīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
tram (active indicative singular third-person)
trēmī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
trēmū (active dual first-person indicative)
trēmīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
trēmudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
trēmīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
trēmum (active first-person indicative plural)
trēmīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
trēmud (active indicative plural second-person)
trēmīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
trēmun (active indicative plural third-person)
trēmīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
tremandz (active participle present)
trumanaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *treman
Old High German: *treman
Middle High German: tremen

From Proto-Indo-European *drem- (“to run”). A direct cognate with Sanskrit द्रमति (drámati, “to run (about)”).


grīnaną

grīnō (active first-person indicative singular)
grīnaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
grīnai (first-person indicative passive singular)
grīnizi (active indicative second-person singular)
grīnaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
grīn (active imperative second-person singular)
grīnazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
grīnaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
grīnidi (active indicative singular third-person)
grīnai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
grīnadau (active imperative singular third-person)
grīnadai (indicative passive singular third-person)
grīnaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
grīnōz (active dual first-person indicative)
grīnaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
grīnadiz (active dual indicative second-person)
grīnaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
grīnadiz (active dual imperative second-person)
grīnamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
grīnaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
grīnandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
grīnaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
grīnid (active indicative plural second-person)
grīnaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
grīnid (active imperative plural second-person)
grīnandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
grīnaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
grīnandi (active indicative plural third-person)
grīnain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
grīnandau (active imperative plural third-person)
grīnandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
grīnaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
grain (active first-person indicative singular)
grinį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
graint (active indicative second-person singular)
grinīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
grain (active indicative singular third-person)
grinī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
grinū (active dual first-person indicative)
grinīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
grinudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
grinīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
grinum (active first-person indicative plural)
grinīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
grinud (active indicative plural second-person)
grinīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
grinun (active indicative plural third-person)
grinīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
grīnandz (active participle present)
grinanaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *grīnan
Old Saxon: *grīnan
Middle Low German: grînen
German Low German: grienen
→ German: grienen
→ Dutch: grienen
Old Dutch: *grīnan
Middle Dutch: grinen
Dutch: grijnen (obsolete)
Limburgish: griene
Old High German: grīnan
Middle High German: grīnen
Alemannic German: griine
German: greinen
Luxembourgish: gréngen

Old Norse: grína
Icelandic: grína
Faroese: grína
Norwegian Nynorsk: grina
Elfdalian: graina
Old Swedish: *grīna
Swedish: grina
Danish: grine
Norwegian Bokmål: grine

Possibly from a Proto-Indo-European *gʰrey- (“to flash”), with a nasal suffix; potential cognates include Old Irish grían (“sun”). Alternatively, of ideophonic origin.


uzsōkijaną

uzsōkijō (active first-person indicative singular)
uzsōkijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
uzsōkijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
uzsōkīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
uzsōkijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
uzsōkī (active imperative second-person singular)
uzsōkijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
uzsōkijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
uzsōkīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
uzsōkijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
uzsōkijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
uzsōkijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
uzsōkijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
uzsōkijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
uzsōkijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
uzsōkijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
uzsōkijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
uzsōkijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
uzsōkijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
uzsōkijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
uzsōkijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
uzsōkijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
uzsōkīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
uzsōkijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
uzsōkīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
uzsōkijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
uzsōkijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
uzsōkijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
uzsōkijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
uzsōkijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
uzsōkijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
uzsōkijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
uzsōhtǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
uzsōhtēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
uzsōhtēz (active indicative second-person singular)
uzsōhtēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
uzsōhtē (active indicative singular third-person)
uzsōhtēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
uzsōhtēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
uzsōhtēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
uzsōhtēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
uzsōhtēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
uzsōhtēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
uzsōhtēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
uzsōhtēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
uzsōhtēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
uzsōhtēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
uzsōhtēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
uzsōkijandz (active participle present)
uzsōkidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *uʀsōkijan

Old English: āsēċan

Middle English: asechen

Old Saxon: āsōkian

desc

Middle Low German: ersȫken, ersoken, irsȫken

Old Dutch: irsuoken

Middle Dutch: *ersoeken

Dutch: erzoeken

⇒ Dutch: verzoeken

Old High German: irsuohhen, ursuohhen

Middle High German: ersuochen

German: ersuchen

Gothic: 𐌿𐍃𐍃𐍉𐌺𐌾𐌰𐌽 (ussōkjan)


kringaną

kringō (active first-person indicative singular)
kringaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
kringai (first-person indicative passive singular)
kringizi (active indicative second-person singular)
kringaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
kring (active imperative second-person singular)
kringazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
kringaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
kringidi (active indicative singular third-person)
kringai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
kringadau (active imperative singular third-person)
kringadai (indicative passive singular third-person)
kringaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
kringōz (active dual first-person indicative)
kringaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
kringadiz (active dual indicative second-person)
kringaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
kringadiz (active dual imperative second-person)
kringamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
kringaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
kringandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
kringaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
kringid (active indicative plural second-person)
kringaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
kringid (active imperative plural second-person)
kringandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
kringaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
kringandi (active indicative plural third-person)
kringain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
kringandau (active imperative plural third-person)
kringandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
kringaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
krang (active first-person indicative singular)
krungį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
kranht (active indicative second-person singular)
krungīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
krang (active indicative singular third-person)
krungī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
krungū (active dual first-person indicative)
krungīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
krungudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
krungīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
krungum (active first-person indicative plural)
krungīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
krungud (active indicative plural second-person)
krungīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
krungun (active indicative plural third-person)
krungīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
kringandz (active participle present)
krunganaz (active participle past subjunctive)
*krinkaną (alternative)

Old English: cringan, crincan (< *krinkaną)

Low German: kringen

Old Dutch: *kringan

Middle Dutch: cringen

Dutch: kringen

Afrikaans: krink

From Proto-Indo-European *grenǵʰ- (“to turn”). Related to Lithuanian gręžti (“to bore, drill”).


krangijaną

krangijō (active first-person indicative singular)
krangijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
krangijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
krangīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
krangijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
krangī (active imperative second-person singular)
krangijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
krangijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
krangīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
krangijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
krangijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
krangijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
krangijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
krangijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
krangijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
krangijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
krangijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
krangijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
krangijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
krangijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
krangijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
krangijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
krangīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
krangijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
krangīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
krangijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
krangijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
krangijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
krangijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
krangijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
krangijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
krangijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
krangidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
krangidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
krangidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
krangidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
krangidē (active indicative singular third-person)
krangidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
krangidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
krangidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
krangidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
krangidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
krangidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
krangidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
krangidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
krangidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
krangidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
krangidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
krangijandz (active participle present)
krangidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desc

Old English: *crenġan, *crenċġan, *crenċan

desctree

Middle English: crengen, crenchen, crenge
English: cringe
Scots: creenge, creinge

Old Saxon: *krengian

Middle Low German: *krengen

German Low German: krengen

Old Dutch: *krengen

Middle Dutch: crengen

Dutch: krengen

Old High German: *krengen

Middle High German: *krengen

German: krängen


blējaną

blējō (active first-person indicative singular)
blējaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
blējai (first-person indicative passive singular)
blēisi (active indicative second-person singular)
blējais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
blēi (active imperative second-person singular)
blējasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
blējaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
blēiþi (active indicative singular third-person)
blējai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
blējaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
blējaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
blējaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
blējōs (active dual first-person indicative)
blējaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
blējaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
blējaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
blējaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
blējamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
blējaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
blējanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
blējainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
blēiþ (active indicative plural second-person)
blējaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
blēiþ (active imperative plural second-person)
blējanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
blējainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
blējanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
blējain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
blējanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
blējanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
blējainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
blēidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
blēidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
blēidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
blēidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
blēidē (active indicative singular third-person)
blēidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
blēidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
blēidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
blēidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
blēidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
blēidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
blēidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
blēidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
blēidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
blēidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
blēidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
blējandz (active participle present)
blēidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *blājan
Old English: *blǣan
English: blea
Middle Low German: blēen
Old High German: blāen
Middle High German: blæn, blæjen
German: blähen

From Proto-Indo-European *bʰleh₁-ye-ti, from *bʰleh₁- (“to bleat”). Cognate with Latin fleō (“to cry, weep”), Latvian blēt (“to bleat”), Russian бле́ять (bléjatʹ, “to bleat”).


blandaną

blandō (active first-person indicative singular)
blandaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
blandai (first-person indicative passive singular)
blandizi (active indicative second-person singular)
blandaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
bland (active imperative second-person singular)
blandazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
blandaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
blandidi (active indicative singular third-person)
blandai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
blandadau (active imperative singular third-person)
blandadai (indicative passive singular third-person)
blandaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
blandōz (active dual first-person indicative)
blandaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
blandadiz (active dual indicative second-person)
blandaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
blandadiz (active dual imperative second-person)
blandamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
blandaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
blandandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
blandaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
blandid (active indicative plural second-person)
blandaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
blandid (active imperative plural second-person)
blandandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
blandaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
blandandi (active indicative plural third-person)
blandain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
blandandau (active imperative plural third-person)
blandandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
blandaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
bebland (active first-person indicative singular)
beblandį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
beblanst (active indicative second-person singular)
beblandīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
bebland (active indicative singular third-person)
beblandī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
beblandū (active dual first-person indicative)
beblandīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
beblandudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
beblandīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
beblandum (active first-person indicative plural)
beblandīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
beblandud (active indicative plural second-person)
beblandīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
beblandun (active indicative plural third-person)
beblandīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
blandandz (active participle present)
blandanaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Old English: blandan, blondan; ġeblendan

Middle English: blanden, blenden

English: blend

Scots: bland; blent (pptc)

Old Frisian: blenda

Old Saxon: blandan

Old Dutch: *blandan

Middle Dutch: blanden

Old High German: blantan

Middle High German: blanden, blenden

⇒ Middle High German: blendelinc

German: Blendling

Old Norse: blanda

Icelandic: blanda

Faroese: blanda

Norwegian: blande

Swedish: blanda

Danish: blande

Gothic: 𐌱𐌻𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌽 (blandan)

An o-grade intensive, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰlendʰ- (“to blend”). Related to Old Church Slavonic блѧсти (blęsti, “to chatter, talk nonsense”).


brōaną

brōō (active first-person indicative singular)
brōaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
brōai (first-person indicative passive singular)
brōizi (active indicative second-person singular)
brōaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
brō (active imperative second-person singular)
brōazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
brōaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
brōidi (active indicative singular third-person)
brōai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
brōadau (active imperative singular third-person)
brōadai (indicative passive singular third-person)
brōaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
brōōz (active dual first-person indicative)
brōaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
brōadiz (active dual indicative second-person)
brōaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
brōadiz (active dual imperative second-person)
brōamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
brōaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
brōandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
brōaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
brōid (active indicative plural second-person)
brōaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
brōid (active imperative plural second-person)
brōandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
brōaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
brōandi (active indicative plural third-person)
brōain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
brōandau (active imperative plural third-person)
brōandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
brōaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
bebrō (active first-person indicative singular)
bebrōį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
bebrōt (active indicative second-person singular)
bebrōīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
bebrō (active indicative singular third-person)
bebrōī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
bebrōū (active dual first-person indicative)
bebrōīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
bebrōudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
bebrōīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
bebrōum (active first-person indicative plural)
bebrōīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
bebrōud (active indicative plural second-person)
bebrōīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
bebrōun (active indicative plural third-person)
bebrōīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
brōandz (active participle present)
brōanaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *brōan
Old Frisian: *brōia
Saterland Frisian: broie
West Frisian: broeie
Old Saxon: *brōian
Middle Low German: broien, brogen, brugen
German Low German: breihen, breuhen
Old Dutch: *bruoien
Middle Dutch: broeyen
Dutch: broeien
Afrikaans: broei
→ Old French: esbroer
French: ébrouer
Old High German: bruoen (in firbruoen)
Middle High German: brüejen, brüen
German: brühen
Luxembourgish: bréien
Yiddish: בריִען (brien)
→ Vulgar Latin: *brōīre
Old French: bruir (see there for further descendants)
Piedmontese: broé, brové

Crimean Gothic: broe

An o-grade intensive, Pre-Germanic *bʰroh₁-, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰreh₁- (“to burn, brew”), with no certain cognates outside of Germanic. Note, however, strong semantic and phonetic resemblance to Proto-Indo-European *bʰrewh₁- (“to boil, brew”) (whence Proto-Germanic *brewwaną (“to brew”)). See also Proto-West Germanic *brāan (“to smoke, smell”).


dimbaną

dimbō (active first-person indicative singular)
dimbaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
dimbai (first-person indicative passive singular)
dimbizi (active indicative second-person singular)
dimbaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
dimb (active imperative second-person singular)
dimbazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
dimbaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
dimbidi (active indicative singular third-person)
dimbai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
dimbadau (active imperative singular third-person)
dimbadai (indicative passive singular third-person)
dimbaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
dimbōz (active dual first-person indicative)
dimbaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
dimbadiz (active dual indicative second-person)
dimbaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
dimbadiz (active dual imperative second-person)
dimbamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
dimbaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
dimbandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
dimbaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
dimbid (active indicative plural second-person)
dimbaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
dimbid (active imperative plural second-person)
dimbandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
dimbaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
dimbandi (active indicative plural third-person)
dimbain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
dimbandau (active imperative plural third-person)
dimbandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
dimbaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
damb (active first-person indicative singular)
dumbį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
damft (active indicative second-person singular)
dumbīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
damb (active indicative singular third-person)
dumbī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
dumbū (active dual first-person indicative)
dumbīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
dumbudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
dumbīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
dumbum (active first-person indicative plural)
dumbīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
dumbud (active indicative plural second-person)
dumbīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
dumbun (active indicative plural third-person)
dumbīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
dimbandz (active participle present)
dumbanaz (active participle past subjunctive)
*dimpaną (alternative)

Old High German: *dimpfan

Middle High German: dimpfen

Old Norse: *dimba

Norwegian: demba

Elfdalian: dimba

From Proto-Indo-European *dʰémbʰ-e-ti, from *dʰembʰ- (“to fog”), which appears to be a *bʰ-extension of *dʰemH- (“to smoke, blow”); see Sanskrit धम् (dham, “to blow into”) for more potential cognates.


kwelaną

kwelō (active first-person indicative singular)
kwelaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
kwelai (first-person indicative passive singular)
kwilizi (active indicative second-person singular)
kwelaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
kwel (active imperative second-person singular)
kwelazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
kwelaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
kwilidi (active indicative singular third-person)
kwelai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
kweladau (active imperative singular third-person)
kweladai (indicative passive singular third-person)
kwelaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
kwelōz (active dual first-person indicative)
kwelaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
kweladiz (active dual indicative second-person)
kwelaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
kweladiz (active dual imperative second-person)
kwelamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
kwelaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
kwelandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
kwelaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
kwilid (active indicative plural second-person)
kwelaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
kwilid (active imperative plural second-person)
kwelandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
kwelaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
kwelandi (active indicative plural third-person)
kwelain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
kwelandau (active imperative plural third-person)
kwelandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
kwelaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
kwal (active first-person indicative singular)
kwēlį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
kwalt (active indicative second-person singular)
kwēlīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
kwal (active indicative singular third-person)
kwēlī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
kwēlū (active dual first-person indicative)
kwēlīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
kwēludiz (active dual indicative second-person)
kwēlīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
kwēlum (active first-person indicative plural)
kwēlīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
kwēlud (active indicative plural second-person)
kwēlīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
kwēlun (active indicative plural third-person)
kwēlīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
kwelandz (active participle present)
kulanaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *kwelan
Old English: cwelan
Middle English: quelen
English: queal
Old Saxon: quelan
Middle Low German: quelen
Old Dutch: *quelan
Middle Dutch: quēlen, queilen
Dutch: kwelen
→ Middle English: quaylen
English: quail
Old High German: quelan
Middle High German: queln
German: quälen

From Proto-Indo-European *gʷelH- (“to hurt”). Related to Lithuanian gélti (“to hurt”), Old Irish atbaill (“to die”). Old Armenian կեղ (keł, “ulcer, sore”).


kwaljaną

kwaljō (active first-person indicative singular)
kwaljaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
kwaljai (first-person indicative passive singular)
kwalisi (active indicative second-person singular)
kwaljais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
kwali (active imperative second-person singular)
kwaljasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
kwaljaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
kwaliþi (active indicative singular third-person)
kwaljai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
kwaljaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
kwaljaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
kwaljaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
kwaljōs (active dual first-person indicative)
kwaljaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
kwaljaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
kwaljaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
kwaljaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
kwaljamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
kwaljaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
kwaljanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
kwaljainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
kwaliþ (active indicative plural second-person)
kwaljaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
kwaliþ (active imperative plural second-person)
kwaljanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
kwaljainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
kwaljanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
kwaljain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
kwaljanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
kwaljanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
kwaljainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
kwalidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
kwalidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
kwalidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
kwalidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
kwalidē (active indicative singular third-person)
kwalidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
kwalidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
kwalidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
kwalidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
kwalidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
kwalidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
kwalidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
kwalidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
kwalidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
kwalidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
kwalidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
kwaljandz (active participle present)
kwalidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *kwalljan
Old English: cwellan
Middle English: quellen, cwellen, quell, quelle, qwell, qwelle, cwellenn (Ormulum)
English: quell
Scots: quell, quel
Old Saxon: quellian
Old Dutch: *quellen, quelen (attested as a weak verb quelen without the geminate -ll-)
Middle Dutch: quellen
Dutch: kwellen
Afrikaans: kwel
Old High German: quellen
Middle High German: quellen, queln
German: quälen

Old Norse: kvelja
Icelandic: kvelja
Norwegian Nynorsk: kvelja, kvela
Old Swedish: qvælia
Swedish: kvälja
Danish: kvæle
Norwegian Bokmål: kvele


kwadjaną

kwadjō (active first-person indicative singular)
kwadjaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
kwadjai (first-person indicative passive singular)
kwadisi (active indicative second-person singular)
kwadjais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
kwadi (active imperative second-person singular)
kwadjasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
kwadjaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
kwadiþi (active indicative singular third-person)
kwadjai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
kwadjaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
kwadjaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
kwadjaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
kwadjōs (active dual first-person indicative)
kwadjaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
kwadjaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
kwadjaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
kwadjaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
kwadjamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
kwadjaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
kwadjanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
kwadjainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
kwadiþ (active indicative plural second-person)
kwadjaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
kwadiþ (active imperative plural second-person)
kwadjanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
kwadjainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
kwadjanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
kwadjain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
kwadjanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
kwadjanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
kwadjainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
kwadidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
kwadidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
kwadidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
kwadidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
kwadidē (active indicative singular third-person)
kwadidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
kwadidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
kwadidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
kwadidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
kwadidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
kwadidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
kwadidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
kwadidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
kwadidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
kwadidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
kwadidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
kwadjandz (active participle present)
kwadidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *kwaddjan
Old Saxon: queddian
Old Dutch: quedden
Middle Dutch: quedden
Dutch: kwedden
Old High German: quetten

Old Norse: kveðja

Icelandic: kveðja

Faroese: kvøðja

/ˈkʷɑð.jɑ.nɑ̃/


gōlijaną

gōlijō (active first-person indicative singular)
gōlijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
gōlijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
gōlīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
gōlijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
gōlī (active imperative second-person singular)
gōlijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
gōlijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
gōlīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
gōlijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
gōlijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
gōlijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
gōlijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
gōlijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
gōlijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
gōlijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
gōlijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
gōlijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
gōlijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
gōlijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
gōlijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
gōlijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
gōlīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
gōlijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
gōlīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
gōlijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
gōlijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
gōlijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
gōlijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
gōlijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
gōlijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
gōlijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
gōlidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
gōlidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
gōlidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
gōlidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
gōlidē (active indicative singular third-person)
gōlidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
gōlidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
gōlidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
gōlidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
gōlidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
gōlidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
gōlidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
gōlidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
gōlidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
gōlidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
gōlidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
gōlijandz (active participle present)
gōlidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *gōlijan
>? Old Frisian: gēla (to persecute)
Old High German: guolen

Old Norse: gœla

Icelandic: gæla

Gothic: 𐌲𐍉𐌻𐌾𐌰𐌽 (gōljan)

From *gōlaz (“pleasing, charming”) + *-janą, which is the vṛddhi gerundive of *galaną (“to shout; to charm”).


grimmaną

grimmō (active first-person indicative singular)
grimmaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
grimmai (first-person indicative passive singular)
grimmizi (active indicative second-person singular)
grimmaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
grimm (active imperative second-person singular)
grimmazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
grimmaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
grimmidi (active indicative singular third-person)
grimmai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
grimmadau (active imperative singular third-person)
grimmadai (indicative passive singular third-person)
grimmaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
grimmōz (active dual first-person indicative)
grimmaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
grimmadiz (active dual indicative second-person)
grimmaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
grimmadiz (active dual imperative second-person)
grimmamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
grimmaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
grimmandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
grimmaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
grimmid (active indicative plural second-person)
grimmaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
grimmid (active imperative plural second-person)
grimmandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
grimmaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
grimmandi (active indicative plural third-person)
grimmain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
grimmandau (active imperative plural third-person)
grimmandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
grimmaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
gramm (active first-person indicative singular)
grummį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
grammt (active indicative second-person singular)
grummīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
gramm (active indicative singular third-person)
grummī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
grummū (active dual first-person indicative)
grummīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
grummudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
grummīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
grummum (active first-person indicative plural)
grummīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
grummud (active indicative plural second-person)
grummīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
grummun (active indicative plural third-person)
grummīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
grimmandz (active participle present)
grummanaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *grimman
Old English: grimman
Old Saxon: grimman
Old Dutch: *grimman
Middle Dutch: grimmen
Old High German: grimman
Middle High German: grimmen

Old Norse: grimma (Only attested in the passive grimmask)

Icelandic: grimma

From Pre-Germanic *gʰrémne- or *gʰrénme-, from Proto-Indo-European *gʰrem- (“to be angry”), likely from Proto-Indo-European *gʰer- (“to make a noise, rattle, growl, murmur”).


þrabōną

þrabō (active first-person indicative singular)
þrabǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
þrabōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
þrabōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
þrabōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
þrabō (active imperative second-person singular)
þrabōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
þrabōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
þrabōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
þrabō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
þrabōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
þrabōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
þrabōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
þrabōs (active dual first-person indicative)
þrabōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
þrabōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
þrabōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
þrabōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
þrabōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
þrabōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
þrabōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
þrabōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
þrabōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
þrabōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
þrabōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
þrabōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
þrabōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
þrabōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
þrabōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
þrabōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
þrabōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
þrabōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
þrabōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
þrabōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
þrabōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
þrabōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
þrabōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
þrabōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
þrabōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
þrabōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
þrabōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
þrabōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
þrabōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
þrabōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
þrabōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
þrabōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
þrabōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
þrabōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
þrabōndz (active participle present)
þrabōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Old English: þrafian

Middle English: thraven

English: thrave

Old Frisian: thravia

Saterland Frisian: troawje, droawje

West Frisian: trowia, trouwia, drave

Old Saxon: thrabōn, thravōn

Middle Low German: drāven, trāven

German Low German: draven

→ Swedish: trava

⇒ Swedish: travla

→ Elfdalian: tråvå

Old Dutch: *thravōn, *dravon

desctree

Middle Dutch: drāven
Dutch: draven, (dialectal) drabben
Afrikaans: draf
Limburgish: drave

Old High German: *drabōn

Middle High German: draben, traben

German: traben

/ˈθrɑ.βɔː.nɑ̃/

From *þrebaną, from Proto-Indo-European *trep- (“to scamper, trip, trample, tremble, step”).


hrindaną

hrindō (active first-person indicative singular)
hrindaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
hrindai (first-person indicative passive singular)
hrindizi (active indicative second-person singular)
hrindaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
hrind (active imperative second-person singular)
hrindazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
hrindaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
hrindidi (active indicative singular third-person)
hrindai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
hrindadau (active imperative singular third-person)
hrindadai (indicative passive singular third-person)
hrindaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
hrindōz (active dual first-person indicative)
hrindaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
hrindadiz (active dual indicative second-person)
hrindaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
hrindadiz (active dual imperative second-person)
hrindamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
hrindaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
hrindandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
hrindaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
hrindid (active indicative plural second-person)
hrindaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
hrindid (active imperative plural second-person)
hrindandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
hrindaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
hrindandi (active indicative plural third-person)
hrindain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
hrindandau (active imperative plural third-person)
hrindandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
hrindaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
hrand (active first-person indicative singular)
hrundį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
hranst (active indicative second-person singular)
hrundīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
hrand (active indicative singular third-person)
hrundī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
hrundū (active dual first-person indicative)
hrundīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
hrundudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
hrundīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
hrundum (active first-person indicative plural)
hrundīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
hrundud (active indicative plural second-person)
hrundīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
hrundun (active indicative plural third-person)
hrundīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
hrindandz (active participle present)
hrundanaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *hrindan

Old English: hrindan

Old Norse: hrinda

Icelandic: hrinda

Faroese: rinda

Old Swedish: rinda

Probably a nasal-infixed formation from Proto-Indo-European *kret- (“to beat, strike, hit, shake”); compare Lithuanian krañtas (“shorebank”) for a potential cognate with similar formation.


innganganą

inngangō (active first-person indicative singular)
inngangaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
inngangai (first-person indicative passive singular)
inngangizi (active indicative second-person singular)
inngangaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
inngang (active imperative second-person singular)
inngangazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
inngangaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
inngangidi (active indicative singular third-person)
inngangai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
inngangadau (active imperative singular third-person)
inngangadai (indicative passive singular third-person)
inngangaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
inngangōz (active dual first-person indicative)
inngangaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
inngangadiz (active dual indicative second-person)
inngangaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
inngangadiz (active dual imperative second-person)
inngangamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
inngangaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
inngangandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
inngangaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
inngangid (active indicative plural second-person)
inngangaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
inngangid (active imperative plural second-person)
inngangandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
inngangaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
inngangandi (active indicative plural third-person)
inngangain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
inngangandau (active imperative plural third-person)
inngangandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
inngangaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
inngegang (active first-person indicative singular)
inngegangį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
inngeganht (active indicative second-person singular)
inngegangīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
inngegang (active indicative singular third-person)
inngegangī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
inngegangū (active dual first-person indicative)
inngegangīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
inngegangudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
inngegangīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
inngegangum (active first-person indicative plural)
inngegangīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
inngegangud (active indicative plural second-person)
inngegangīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
inngegangun (active indicative plural third-person)
inngegangīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
inngangandz (active participle present)
innganganaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Old English: ingangan

Middle English: ingangen

Old High German: ingangan

(Old Norse: ganga inn)

Old Swedish: inganga

Gothic: 𐌹𐌽𐌽𐌲𐌰𐌲𐌲𐌰𐌽 (inngaggan)

/ˌinː.ˈɣɑŋ.ɡɑ.nɑ̃/


umbiganganą

umbigangō (active first-person indicative singular)
umbigangaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
umbigangai (first-person indicative passive singular)
umbigangizi (active indicative second-person singular)
umbigangaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
umbigang (active imperative second-person singular)
umbigangazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
umbigangaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
umbigangidi (active indicative singular third-person)
umbigangai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
umbigangadau (active imperative singular third-person)
umbigangadai (indicative passive singular third-person)
umbigangaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
umbigangōz (active dual first-person indicative)
umbigangaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
umbigangadiz (active dual indicative second-person)
umbigangaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
umbigangadiz (active dual imperative second-person)
umbigangamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
umbigangaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
umbigangandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
umbigangaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
umbigangid (active indicative plural second-person)
umbigangaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
umbigangid (active imperative plural second-person)
umbigangandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
umbigangaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
umbigangandi (active indicative plural third-person)
umbigangain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
umbigangandau (active imperative plural third-person)
umbigangandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
umbigangaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
umbigegang (active first-person indicative singular)
umbigegangį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
umbigeganht (active indicative second-person singular)
umbigegangīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
umbigegang (active indicative singular third-person)
umbigegangī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
umbigegangū (active dual first-person indicative)
umbigegangīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
umbigegangudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
umbigegangīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
umbigegangum (active first-person indicative plural)
umbigegangīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
umbigegangud (active indicative plural second-person)
umbigegangīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
umbigegangun (active indicative plural third-person)
umbigegangīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
umbigangandz (active participle present)
umbiganganaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Old English: ymbgangan

Middle English: umgangen, umbegangen

Old Saxon: *umbigangan

Middle Low German: *ümmegān

German Low German: ümgahn

Old Dutch: *umbigangan

Middle Dutch: ommegān

Dutch: omgaan

Old High German: umbigangan

(Old Norse: ganga um)


frageldaną

frageldō (active first-person indicative singular)
frageldaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
frageldai (first-person indicative passive singular)
fragildizi (active indicative second-person singular)
frageldaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
frageld (active imperative second-person singular)
frageldazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
frageldaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
fragildidi (active indicative singular third-person)
frageldai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
frageldadau (active imperative singular third-person)
frageldadai (indicative passive singular third-person)
frageldaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
frageldōz (active dual first-person indicative)
frageldaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
frageldadiz (active dual indicative second-person)
frageldaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
frageldadiz (active dual imperative second-person)
frageldamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
frageldaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
frageldandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
frageldaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
fragildid (active indicative plural second-person)
frageldaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
fragildid (active imperative plural second-person)
frageldandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
frageldaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
frageldandi (active indicative plural third-person)
frageldain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
frageldandau (active imperative plural third-person)
frageldandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
frageldaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
fragald (active first-person indicative singular)
fraguldį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
fragalst (active indicative second-person singular)
fraguldīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
fragald (active indicative singular third-person)
fraguldī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
fraguldū (active dual first-person indicative)
fraguldīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
fraguldudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
fraguldīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
fraguldum (active first-person indicative plural)
fraguldīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
fraguldud (active indicative plural second-person)
fraguldīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
fraguldun (active indicative plural third-person)
fraguldīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
frageldandz (active participle present)
fraguldanaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *frageldan

Old English: forġieldan, forġildan

Middle English: forȝelden, foryelden

Scots: foryeild

English: foryield

Old Frisian: forielda, forjelda

Saterland Frisian: ferjäilde

West Frisian: ferjilde

Old Saxon: fargeldan

Middle Low German: forgelden, vorgelden

German Low German: vergelden

Old Dutch: fargeldan

Middle Dutch: vergelden

Dutch: vergelden

Afrikaans: vergeld, vergelde

Old High German: fargeltan

Middle High German: vergelten

German: vergelten

Old Norse: *forgjalda

Old Danish: forgælde (possibly from Low German)

Danish: forgælde

Gothic: 𐍆𐍂𐌰𐌲𐌹𐌻𐌳𐌰𐌽 (fragildan)


fragebaną

fragebō (active first-person indicative singular)
fragebaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
fragebai (first-person indicative passive singular)
fragibizi (active indicative second-person singular)
fragebaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
frageb (active imperative second-person singular)
fragebazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
fragebaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
fragibidi (active indicative singular third-person)
fragebai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
fragebadau (active imperative singular third-person)
fragebadai (indicative passive singular third-person)
fragebaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
fragebōz (active dual first-person indicative)
fragebaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
fragebadiz (active dual indicative second-person)
fragebaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
fragebadiz (active dual imperative second-person)
fragebamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
fragebaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
fragebandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
fragebaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
fragibid (active indicative plural second-person)
fragebaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
fragibid (active imperative plural second-person)
fragebandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
fragebaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
fragebandi (active indicative plural third-person)
fragebain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
fragebandau (active imperative plural third-person)
fragebandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
fragebaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
fragab (active first-person indicative singular)
fragēbį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
fragaft (active indicative second-person singular)
fragēbīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
fragab (active indicative singular third-person)
fragēbī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
fragēbū (active dual first-person indicative)
fragēbīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
fragēbudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
fragēbīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
fragēbum (active first-person indicative plural)
fragēbīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
fragēbud (active indicative plural second-person)
fragēbīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
fragēbun (active indicative plural third-person)
fragēbīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
fragebandz (active participle present)
fragebanaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *frageban

desctree

Old English: forġiefan, forġeofan — Non-West Saxon, forġifan — West Saxon, forġyfan — Late West Saxon
Middle English: foryiven, foryeven, foryive, forȝive, forȝiven, forgiven (influenced by given)
⇒ Middle English: forgiven (influenced by given)
English: forgive
Scots: forgie, firgee, forgae

Old Frisian: *forieva

Saterland Frisian: ferjeeuwe

West Frisian: ferjaan

Old Saxon: fargevan, fargeƀan
Middle Low German: vorgeven
German Low German: vergeven, vögiëwen

Old Dutch: *fargevan

Middle Dutch: vergēven
Dutch: vergeven
Afrikaans: vergeef, vergewe
Negerhollands: vergie, vergeven
Skepi Creole Dutch: forgef
Limburgish: vergaeve

Old High German: fargeban

Middle High German: vergeben

desc

Cimbrian: vorghìban, borghìban (Mezzaselva)

German: vergeben

Luxembourgish: verginn

Yiddish: פֿאַרגעבן (fargebn)

Old Norse: fyrirgefa

Icelandic: fyrirgefa

Faroese: fyrigeva

Danish: forgive (obsolete)

Old Swedish: forgiva

Swedish: förgiva (obsolete)

Gothic: 𐍆𐍂𐌰𐌲𐌹𐌱𐌰𐌽 (fragiban)

→? Late Latin: perdōnō (calque) (see there for further descendants)

/ˌɸrɑ.ˈɣe.βɑ.nɑ̃/

From *fra- + *gebaną. Possibly calqued from Late Latin perdōnō, or vice-versa.


flaugijaną

flaugijō (active first-person indicative singular)
flaugijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
flaugijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
flaugīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
flaugijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
flaugī (active imperative second-person singular)
flaugijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
flaugijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
flaugīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
flaugijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
flaugijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
flaugijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
flaugijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
flaugijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
flaugijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
flaugijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
flaugijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
flaugijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
flaugijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
flaugijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
flaugijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
flaugijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
flaugīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
flaugijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
flaugīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
flaugijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
flaugijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
flaugijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
flaugijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
flaugijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
flaugijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
flaugijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
flaugidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
flaugidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
flaugidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
flaugidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
flaugidē (active indicative singular third-person)
flaugidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
flaugidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
flaugidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
flaugidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
flaugidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
flaugidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
flaugidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
flaugidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
flaugidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
flaugidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
flaugidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
flaugijandz (active participle present)
flaugidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Old Norse: fleygja
Icelandic: fleygja
Faroese: floyggja
Norwegian Nynorsk: fløygje, fløygja
Old Swedish: flø̄ghia
Swedish: flöja

Gothic: *𐍆𐌻𐌰𐌿𐌲𐌾𐌰𐌽 (*flaugjan), possibly attested once in 𐌿𐍃𐍆𐌻𐌰𐌿𐌲𐌹𐌳𐌰𐌹 (usflaugidai), alternative reading of 𐌿𐍃𐍅𐌰𐌻𐌿𐌲𐌹𐌳𐌰𐌹 (uswalugidai)

→ Proto-Finnic: *laugëldak (see there for further descendants)


flaugijaną

Proto-West Germanic: *flaugijan
Old Dutch: *flōgen
Middle Dutch: vlôgen
Old High German: *flougen
Middle High German: vlougen, flougen


þinsaną

þinsō (active first-person indicative singular)
þinsaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
þinsai (first-person indicative passive singular)
þinsizi (active indicative second-person singular)
þinsaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
þins (active imperative second-person singular)
þinsazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
þinsaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
þinsidi (active indicative singular third-person)
þinsai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
þinsadau (active imperative singular third-person)
þinsadai (indicative passive singular third-person)
þinsaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
þinsōz (active dual first-person indicative)
þinsaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
þinsadiz (active dual indicative second-person)
þinsaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
þinsadiz (active dual imperative second-person)
þinsamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
þinsaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
þinsandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
þinsaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
þinsid (active indicative plural second-person)
þinsaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
þinsid (active imperative plural second-person)
þinsandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
þinsaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
þinsandi (active indicative plural third-person)
þinsain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
þinsandau (active imperative plural third-person)
þinsandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
þinsaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
þans (active first-person indicative singular)
þunsį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
þanst (active indicative second-person singular)
þunsīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
þans (active indicative singular third-person)
þunsī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
þunsū (active dual first-person indicative)
þunsīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
þunsudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
þunsīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
þunsum (active first-person indicative plural)
þunsīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
þunsud (active indicative plural second-person)
þunsīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
þunsun (active indicative plural third-person)
þunsīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
þinsandz (active participle present)
þunsanaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *þinsan

Old Saxon: thinsan

Old Dutch: thinsan
Middle Dutch: dinsen

Old High German: dinsan

Middle High German: dinsen

Gothic: 𐌸𐌹𐌽𐍃𐌰𐌽 (þinsan)

From Proto-Indo-European *tens- (“to stretch”). Related to Sanskrit तंस् (taṃs, “to shake about, move”), Lithuanian tęsti (“to stretch (out); to continue, extend”).


smukkōną

smukkō (active first-person indicative singular)
smukkǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
smukkōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
smukkōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
smukkōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
smukkō (active imperative second-person singular)
smukkōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
smukkōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
smukkōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
smukkō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
smukkōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
smukkōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
smukkōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
smukkōs (active dual first-person indicative)
smukkōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
smukkōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
smukkōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
smukkōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
smukkōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
smukkōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
smukkōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
smukkōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
smukkōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
smukkōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
smukkōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
smukkōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
smukkōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
smukkōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
smukkōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
smukkōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
smukkōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
smukkōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
smukkōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
smukkōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
smukkōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
smukkōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
smukkōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
smukkōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
smukkōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
smukkōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
smukkōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
smukkōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
smukkōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
smukkōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
smukkōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
smukkōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
smukkōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
smukkōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
smukkōndz (active participle present)
smukkōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

(Dutch: smokkelen) (with secondary frequentative suffix)

Old Norse: *smokka, *smugga

Faroese: smokka

Norwegian: smugga

From Pre-Germanic *smuknéh₂-, iterative formation to *smeuganą (“to creep, slip into”). Cognate with Lithuanian smùkti (“to slide, slip”), Czech smeknouti (“to strip”).


smirwijaną

smirwijō (active first-person indicative singular)
smirwijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
smirwijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
smirwīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
smirwijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
smirwī (active imperative second-person singular)
smirwijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
smirwijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
smirwīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
smirwijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
smirwijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
smirwijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
smirwijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
smirwijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
smirwijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
smirwijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
smirwijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
smirwijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
smirwijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
smirwijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
smirwijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
smirwijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
smirwīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
smirwijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
smirwīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
smirwijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
smirwijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
smirwijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
smirwijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
smirwijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
smirwijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
smirwijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
smirwidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
smirwidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
smirwidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
smirwidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
smirwidē (active indicative singular third-person)
smirwidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
smirwidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
smirwidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
smirwidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
smirwidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
smirwidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
smirwidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
smirwidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
smirwidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
smirwidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
smirwidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
smirwijandz (active participle present)
smirwidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *smirwijan
Old English: smirwan, smierwan, smyrian, smerian
Middle English: smerien, smeren
English: smear
Scots: smere, smeir
Old Frisian: *smera
Saterland Frisian: smeere
Old Saxon: *smirwian, *smirian
Middle Low German: smeren
Low German: smeren
Old Dutch: *smirwen, *smiren
Middle Dutch: smeren
Dutch: smeren
Afrikaans: smeer
Negerhollands: smeer
→ Indonesian: semir
→ Papiamentu: smer
Old High German: smirwen
Middle High German: smirwen
Alemannic German: schmirre
German: schmieren
→ Polish: szmira
Hunsrik: schmeere
Luxembourgish: schmieren
Yiddish: שמיר (shmir)
→ English: shmear

Old Norse: smyrva, smyrja

Icelandic: smyrja

Faroese: smyrja

Norwegian Nynorsk: smyrja, smørja

Elfdalian: smyra

Old Swedish: smyria
Swedish: smörja

Old Danish: smyriæ, smøræ

Scanian: smøra

Danish: smøre, smørre

Norwegian Bokmål: smøre

Gutnish: smöire, smöre

From *smerwą (“butter, grease”) + *-janą.


tinnaną

tinnō (active first-person indicative singular)
tinnaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
tinnai (first-person indicative passive singular)
tinnizi (active indicative second-person singular)
tinnaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
tinn (active imperative second-person singular)
tinnazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
tinnaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
tinnidi (active indicative singular third-person)
tinnai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
tinnadau (active imperative singular third-person)
tinnadai (indicative passive singular third-person)
tinnaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
tinnōz (active dual first-person indicative)
tinnaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
tinnadiz (active dual indicative second-person)
tinnaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
tinnadiz (active dual imperative second-person)
tinnamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
tinnaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
tinnandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
tinnaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
tinnid (active indicative plural second-person)
tinnaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
tinnid (active imperative plural second-person)
tinnandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
tinnaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
tinnandi (active indicative plural third-person)
tinnain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
tinnandau (active imperative plural third-person)
tinnandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
tinnaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
tann (active first-person indicative singular)
tunnį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
tannt (active indicative second-person singular)
tunnīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
tann (active indicative singular third-person)
tunnī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
tunnū (active dual first-person indicative)
tunnīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
tunnudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
tunnīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
tunnum (active first-person indicative plural)
tunnīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
tunnud (active indicative plural second-person)
tunnīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
tunnun (active indicative plural third-person)
tunnīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
tinnandz (active participle present)
tunnanaz (active participle past subjunctive)
*tinþaną (alternative)

Proto-West Germanic: *tinnan

Old English: tinnan

Old High German: *zinnan

Middle High German: zinnen, zinden

From Pre-Germanic *dendʰ-n-e-ti, from a Germanic root with quasi-Indo-European *dendʰ- (“to burn, kindle”), of unclear ultimate origin, as solid cognates outside of Germanic are lacking. Osthoff suggests Proto-Indo-European *deh₂w- (“kindle, burn”) (compare Ancient Greek δαίω (daíō, “to kindle”)), but Pokorny rejects this.

der

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John Francis Davis


wlītaną

wlītō (active first-person indicative singular)
wlītaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
wlītai (first-person indicative passive singular)
wlītizi (active indicative second-person singular)
wlītaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
wlīt (active imperative second-person singular)
wlītazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
wlītaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
wlītidi (active indicative singular third-person)
wlītai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
wlītadau (active imperative singular third-person)
wlītadai (indicative passive singular third-person)
wlītaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
wlītōz (active dual first-person indicative)
wlītaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
wlītadiz (active dual indicative second-person)
wlītaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
wlītadiz (active dual imperative second-person)
wlītamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
wlītaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
wlītandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
wlītaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
wlītid (active indicative plural second-person)
wlītaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
wlītid (active imperative plural second-person)
wlītandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
wlītaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
wlītandi (active indicative plural third-person)
wlītain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
wlītandau (active imperative plural third-person)
wlītandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
wlītaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
wlait (active first-person indicative singular)
wlitį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
wlaist (active indicative second-person singular)
wlitīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
wlait (active indicative singular third-person)
wlitī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
wlitū (active dual first-person indicative)
wlitīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
wlitudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
wlitīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
wlitum (active first-person indicative plural)
wlitīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
wlitud (active indicative plural second-person)
wlitīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
wlitun (active indicative plural third-person)
wlitīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
wlītandz (active participle present)
wlitanaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *wlītan
Old English: wlītan
→ English: wlite (revived)

Old Norse: líta
Icelandic: líta
Faroese: líta
Norwegian Nynorsk: lita

From pre-Germanic *wleyd(ʰ)- or *wleyt-. Further etymology uncertain, but probably from an extension of Proto-Indo-European *wel- (“to see”) (though Kroonen is skeptical of the morphology; compare *wrītaną for this structure), and perhaps influenced by the related iterative *wlittōną (“to strive”, literally “to look repeatedly”).

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Germanic parent language


rōdijaną

rōdijō (active first-person indicative singular)
rōdijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
rōdijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
rōdīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
rōdijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
rōdī (active imperative second-person singular)
rōdijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
rōdijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
rōdīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
rōdijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
rōdijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
rōdijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
rōdijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
rōdijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
rōdijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
rōdijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
rōdijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
rōdijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
rōdijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
rōdijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
rōdijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
rōdijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
rōdīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
rōdijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
rōdīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
rōdijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
rōdijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
rōdijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
rōdijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
rōdijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
rōdijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
rōdijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
rōdidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
rōdidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
rōdidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
rōdidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
rōdidē (active indicative singular third-person)
rōdidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
rōdidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
rōdidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
rōdidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
rōdidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
rōdidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
rōdidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
rōdidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
rōdidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
rōdidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
rōdidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
rōdijandz (active participle present)
rōdidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Old Norse: rǿða

Icelandic: ræða

Faroese: røða

Gothic: 𐍂𐍉𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌽 (rōdjan)

From Proto-Indo-European *h₂roh₁dʰéyeti, from *Hreh₁dʰ- (“to think, arrange”). Equivalent to *rēdaną (“to decide, advise”) + *-janą.
Cognate with Proto-Slavic *raditi.


stinkwaną

stinkwō (active first-person indicative singular)
stinkwaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
stinkwai (first-person indicative passive singular)
stinkwizi (active indicative second-person singular)
stinkwaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
stinkw (active imperative second-person singular)
stinkwazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
stinkwaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
stinkwidi (active indicative singular third-person)
stinkwai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
stinkwadau (active imperative singular third-person)
stinkwadai (indicative passive singular third-person)
stinkwaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
stinkwōz (active dual first-person indicative)
stinkwaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
stinkwadiz (active dual indicative second-person)
stinkwaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
stinkwadiz (active dual imperative second-person)
stinkwamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
stinkwaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
stinkwandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
stinkwaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
stinkwid (active indicative plural second-person)
stinkwaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
stinkwid (active imperative plural second-person)
stinkwandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
stinkwaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
stinkwandi (active indicative plural third-person)
stinkwain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
stinkwandau (active imperative plural third-person)
stinkwandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
stinkwaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
stankw (active first-person indicative singular)
stunkį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
stanht (active indicative second-person singular)
stunkīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
stankw (active indicative singular third-person)
stunkī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
stunkū (active dual first-person indicative)
stunkīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
stunkudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
stunkīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
stunkum (active first-person indicative plural)
stunkīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
stunkud (active indicative plural second-person)
stunkīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
stunkun (active indicative plural third-person)
stunkīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
stinkwandz (active participle present)
stunkanaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *stinkwan
Old English: stincan
Middle English: stynken, stynkkyn, stenke, styngke, stynke, stinken
Scots: stink
English: stink
Old Frisian: *stiunka
Saterland Frisian: stjunke
West Frisian: stjonke
Old Saxon: stinkan
Middle Low German: stinken
Low German: stinken
→ Danish: stinke
→ Swedish: stinka
→ Norwegian: stinke
Old Dutch: stincan
Middle Dutch: stinken
Dutch: stinken
Afrikaans: stink
Negerhollands: stink
→ Sranan Tongo: tingi
→ Saramaccan: tíngi
Limburgish: stinke
Old High German: stinkan, stinchan
Middle High German: stinken
German: stinken
Yiddish: שטינקען (shtinken)

Old Norse: støkkva, stynka, *stinkva

Icelandic: stökkva

Faroese: støkka

Norwegian: stokka

Old Swedish: stiunka, stinkva

Old Danish: stynkæ

Gothic: 𐍃𐍄𐌹𐌲𐌵𐌰𐌽 (stigqan)

From Proto-Indo-European *stengʷ- (“to push, thrust”), *stegʷ- (“to thrust, strike”). Related to Latin stinguō (“to extinguish”).


wringaną

wringō (active first-person indicative singular)
wringaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
wringai (first-person indicative passive singular)
wringizi (active indicative second-person singular)
wringaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
wring (active imperative second-person singular)
wringazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
wringaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
wringidi (active indicative singular third-person)
wringai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
wringadau (active imperative singular third-person)
wringadai (indicative passive singular third-person)
wringaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
wringōz (active dual first-person indicative)
wringaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
wringadiz (active dual indicative second-person)
wringaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
wringadiz (active dual imperative second-person)
wringamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
wringaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
wringandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
wringaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
wringid (active indicative plural second-person)
wringaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
wringid (active imperative plural second-person)
wringandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
wringaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
wringandi (active indicative plural third-person)
wringain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
wringandau (active imperative plural third-person)
wringandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
wringaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
wrang (active first-person indicative singular)
wrungį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
wranht (active indicative second-person singular)
wrungīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
wrang (active indicative singular third-person)
wrungī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
wrungū (active dual first-person indicative)
wrungīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
wrungudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
wrungīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
wrungum (active first-person indicative plural)
wrungīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
wrungud (active indicative plural second-person)
wrungīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
wrungun (active indicative plural third-person)
wrungīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
wringandz (active participle present)
wrunganaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *wringan

Old English: wringan

Middle English: wryngen, wringen

Scots: wryng, wring

English: wring

desctree

Old Frisian: *wringa
Saterland Frisian: wringe
West Frisian: wringe

Old Saxon: wringan

Middle Low German: wringen

German Low German: wringen, ringen

→ German: wringen

Old Dutch: *wringan
Middle Dutch: wringen
Dutch: wringen
Afrikaans: wring
Limburgish: wringe

Old High German: ringan

Middle High German: ringen

German: ringen

Luxembourgish: réngen

Probably related to Lithuanian rangýti (“to writhe”), pointing to a Proto-Indo-European *wrengʰ- (“to squeeze, wring”). If additionally related to Ancient Greek ῥίμφα (rhímpha, “quickly, fast”), the root is to be reconstructed as *wrengʷʰ- (“to squeeze, wring”).


hlōdijaną

hlōdijō (active first-person indicative singular)
hlōdijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
hlōdijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
hlōdīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
hlōdijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
hlōdī (active imperative second-person singular)
hlōdijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
hlōdijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
hlōdīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
hlōdijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
hlōdijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
hlōdijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
hlōdijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
hlōdijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
hlōdijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
hlōdijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
hlōdijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
hlōdijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
hlōdijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
hlōdijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
hlōdijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
hlōdijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
hlōdīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
hlōdijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
hlōdīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
hlōdijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
hlōdijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
hlōdijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
hlōdijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
hlōdijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
hlōdijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
hlōdijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
hlōdidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
hlōdidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
hlōdidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
hlōdidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
hlōdidē (active indicative singular third-person)
hlōdidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
hlōdidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
hlōdidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
hlōdidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
hlōdidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
hlōdidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
hlōdidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
hlōdidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
hlōdidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
hlōdidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
hlōdidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
hlōdijandz (active participle present)
hlōdidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Old Norse: hlǿða, hlœða
Icelandic: hlæða
Faroese: løða
Norwegian Nynorsk: løda, løa, lø
Norwegian Bokmål: lø
Old Swedish: lø̄dha


hrōzijaną

hrōzijō (active first-person indicative singular)
hrōzijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
hrōzijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
hrōzīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
hrōzijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
hrōzī (active imperative second-person singular)
hrōzijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
hrōzijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
hrōzīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
hrōzijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
hrōzijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
hrōzijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
hrōzijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
hrōzijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
hrōzijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
hrōzijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
hrōzijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
hrōzijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
hrōzijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
hrōzijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
hrōzijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
hrōzijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
hrōzīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
hrōzijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
hrōzīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
hrōzijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
hrōzijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
hrōzijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
hrōzijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
hrōzijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
hrōzijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
hrōzijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
hrōzidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
hrōzidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
hrōzidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
hrōzidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
hrōzidē (active indicative singular third-person)
hrōzidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
hrōzidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
hrōzidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
hrōzidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
hrōzidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
hrōzidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
hrōzidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
hrōzidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
hrōzidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
hrōzidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
hrōzidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
hrōzijandz (active participle present)
hrōzidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *hrōʀijan
Old English: hrēran
Middle English: rēren; (rōrien)
English: rear (“to move; stir”)
⇒ Old English: hrēre (adj), hrēr
Middle English: rere
English: rear (dialectal), rare
Old Frisian: hrēra
Saterland Frisian: ríere
West Frisian: riere, reare
Old Saxon: hrōrian
Middle Low German: rôren
German Low German: röhren
Old Dutch: *ruoren (in irruoran)
Middle Dutch: roeren
Dutch: roeren
Afrikaans: roer
Old High German: hruorjan, ruoren
Middle High German: ruoren, rüeren
Bavarian: riarn
German: rühren
→ Saterland Frisian: rüürje
Yiddish: רירן (rirn)

Old Norse: hrǿra, hrœra
Icelandic: hræra
Faroese: røra
Norwegian Nynorsk: røra
Old Swedish: rø̄ra
Swedish: röra
Old Danish: røræ
Danish: røre

A causative formation, analyzable as *hrōzaz (“active, stirring, moving”) + *-janą. Possibly inherited from Proto-Indo-European *kroHs-éye-ti: according to Kroonen, a direct cognate of Avestan 𐬟𐬭𐬁-𐬑𐬭𐬃𐬢𐬵𐬀𐬌𐬌𐬀 (frā-xrā̊ŋhaiia, “to be shocked”), and according to Orel, of Proto-Slavic *krasiti (“to ornate”).

cog

𐬟𐬭𐬁𐬑𐬭𐬃𐬢𐬵𐬀𐬌𐬌𐬀

𐬟𐬭𐬁-𐬑𐬭𐬃𐬢𐬵𐬀𐬌𐬌𐬀


kwainōną

kwainō (active first-person indicative singular)
kwainǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
kwainōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
kwainōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
kwainōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
kwainō (active imperative second-person singular)
kwainōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
kwainōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
kwainōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
kwainō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
kwainōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
kwainōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
kwainōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
kwainōs (active dual first-person indicative)
kwainōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
kwainōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
kwainōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
kwainōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
kwainōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
kwainōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
kwainōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
kwainōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
kwainōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
kwainōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
kwainōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
kwainōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
kwainōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
kwainōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
kwainōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
kwainōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
kwainōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
kwainōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
kwainōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
kwainōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
kwainōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
kwainōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
kwainōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
kwainōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
kwainōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
kwainōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
kwainōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
kwainōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
kwainōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
kwainōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
kwainōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
kwainōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
kwainōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
kwainōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
kwainōndz (active participle present)
kwainōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *kwainōn
Old English: cwānian
Middle English: quanen, quainen (merged with Old Norse kveina)

Old Norse: kveina; (kveinka)

Icelandic: kveina; (kveinka)

Faroese: kveina

(Norwegian Bokmål: kvinke)

(Swedish: hvinka)

(→ Scots: quink; whink)

Gothic: 𐌵𐌰𐌹𐌽𐍉𐌽 (qainōn)

/ˈkʷɑi̯.nɔː.nɑ̃/

From Proto-Indo-European *gʷey- (“to lament; complain”).