startijaną

startijō (active first-person indicative singular)
startijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
startijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
startīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
startijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
startī (active imperative second-person singular)
startijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
startijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
startīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
startijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
startijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
startijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
startijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
startijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
startijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
startijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
startijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
startijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
startijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
startijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
startijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
startijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
startīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
startijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
startīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
startijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
startijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
startijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
startijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
startijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
startijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
startijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
startidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
startidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
startidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
startidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
startidē (active indicative singular third-person)
startidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
startidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
startidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
startidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
startidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
startidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
startidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
startidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
startidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
startidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
startidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
startijandz (active participle present)
startidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *startijan

Old High German: *sterzen

Middle High German: sterzen

Old Norse: sterta

From Proto-Indo-European *(s)terd-, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)ter- (“to be stiff”).


kwīnaną

kwīnō (active first-person indicative singular)
kwīnaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
kwīnai (first-person indicative passive singular)
kwīnizi (active indicative second-person singular)
kwīnaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
kwīn (active imperative second-person singular)
kwīnazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
kwīnaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
kwīnidi (active indicative singular third-person)
kwīnai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
kwīnadau (active imperative singular third-person)
kwīnadai (indicative passive singular third-person)
kwīnaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
kwīnōz (active dual first-person indicative)
kwīnaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
kwīnadiz (active dual indicative second-person)
kwīnaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
kwīnadiz (active dual imperative second-person)
kwīnamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
kwīnaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
kwīnandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
kwīnaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
kwīnid (active indicative plural second-person)
kwīnaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
kwīnid (active imperative plural second-person)
kwīnandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
kwīnaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
kwīnandi (active indicative plural third-person)
kwīnain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
kwīnandau (active imperative plural third-person)
kwīnandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
kwīnaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
kwain (active first-person indicative singular)
kwinį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
kwaint (active indicative second-person singular)
kwinīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
kwain (active indicative singular third-person)
kwinī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
kwinū (active dual first-person indicative)
kwinīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
kwinudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
kwinīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
kwinum (active first-person indicative plural)
kwinīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
kwinud (active indicative plural second-person)
kwinīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
kwinun (active indicative plural third-person)
kwinīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
kwīnandz (active participle present)
kwinanaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *kwīnan
Old English: *cwīnan
⇒ Old English: ācwīnan
Old Frisian: *quīna
⇒ Saterland Frisian: kwienje (alternatively borrowed from Low German)
⇒ West Frisian: kwine, kwynje (alternatively borrowed from Dutch)
Old Saxon: *quīnan
Middle Low German: quînen
German Low German: quienen
Old Dutch: quīnan
Middle Dutch: quinen
Dutch: kwijnen
Old High German: *quīnan
Middle High German: *quīnen
⇒ Middle High German: verquīnen

From Proto-Indo-European *gʷeyH- (“to dwindle”) or possibly, Proto-Indo-European *dʰgʷʰey- (“to decline, perish”).


kwistijaną

kwistijō (active first-person indicative singular)
kwistijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
kwistijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
kwistīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
kwistijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
kwistī (active imperative second-person singular)
kwistijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
kwistijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
kwistīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
kwistijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
kwistijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
kwistijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
kwistijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
kwistijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
kwistijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
kwistijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
kwistijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
kwistijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
kwistijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
kwistijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
kwistijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
kwistijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
kwistīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
kwistijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
kwistīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
kwistijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
kwistijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
kwistijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
kwistijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
kwistijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
kwistijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
kwistijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
kwistidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
kwistidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
kwistidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
kwistidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
kwistidē (active indicative singular third-person)
kwistidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
kwistidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
kwistidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
kwistidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
kwistidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
kwistidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
kwistidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
kwistidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
kwistidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
kwistidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
kwistidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
kwistijandz (active participle present)
kwistidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *kwistijan
Old Saxon: *quistian
Middle Low German: quisten
Old Dutch: *quisten
Middle Dutch: quisten
Dutch: kwisten
Old High German: *quisten
⇒ Old High German: firquisten
⇒ Old High German: irquisten

Old Norse: *kvista

Danish: quista (dialectal)

Gothic: 𐌵𐌹𐍃𐍄𐌾𐌰𐌽 (qistjan)

From *kwistiz (“damage, destruction”) + *-janą.


suflijaną

suflijō (active first-person indicative singular)
suflijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
suflijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
suflīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
suflijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
suflī (active imperative second-person singular)
suflijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
suflijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
suflīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
suflijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
suflijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
suflijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
suflijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
suflijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
suflijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
suflijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
suflijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
suflijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
suflijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
suflijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
suflijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
suflijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
suflīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
suflijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
suflīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
suflijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
suflijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
suflijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
suflijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
suflijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
suflijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
suflijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
suflidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
suflidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
suflidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
suflidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
suflidē (active indicative singular third-person)
suflidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
suflidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
suflidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
suflidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
suflidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
suflidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
suflidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
suflidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
suflidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
suflidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
suflidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
suflijandz (active participle present)
suflidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *suflijan
Old English: syflan

Old Norse: syfla

Icelandic: syfla

From *suflą (“entremets, viands”) + *-janą.


hlankijaną

hlankijō (active first-person indicative singular)
hlankijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
hlankijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
hlankīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
hlankijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
hlankī (active imperative second-person singular)
hlankijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
hlankijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
hlankīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
hlankijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
hlankijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
hlankijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
hlankijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
hlankijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
hlankijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
hlankijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
hlankijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
hlankijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
hlankijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
hlankijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
hlankijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
hlankijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
hlankīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
hlankijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
hlankīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
hlankijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
hlankijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
hlankijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
hlankijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
hlankijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
hlankijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
hlankijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
hlankidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
hlankidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
hlankidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
hlankidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
hlankidē (active indicative singular third-person)
hlankidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
hlankidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
hlankidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
hlankidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
hlankidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
hlankidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
hlankidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
hlankidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
hlankidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
hlankidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
hlankidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
hlankijandz (active participle present)
hlankidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *hlankijan
Old English: *hlenċan
⇒ Old English: ġehlenċan
Old Saxon: *hlenken
Middle Low German: lenken
Old High German: *lenken
Middle High German: lenken
⇒ Old High German: irlenken
Middle High German: erlenken
⇒ Old High German: ūzlenken

Old Norse: hlekkja

Icelandic: hlekkja

Norwegian Bokmål: lenke

From *hlankaz (“flexible, slim”) + *-janą.


sanþijaną

sanþijō (active first-person indicative singular)
sanþijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
sanþijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
sanþīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
sanþijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
sanþī (active imperative second-person singular)
sanþijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
sanþijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
sanþīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
sanþijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
sanþijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
sanþijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
sanþijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
sanþijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
sanþijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
sanþijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
sanþijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
sanþijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
sanþijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
sanþijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
sanþijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
sanþijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
sanþīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
sanþijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
sanþīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
sanþijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
sanþijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
sanþijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
sanþijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
sanþijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
sanþijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
sanþijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
sanþidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
sanþidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
sanþidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
sanþidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
sanþidē (active indicative singular third-person)
sanþidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
sanþidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
sanþidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
sanþidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
sanþidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
sanþidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
sanþidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
sanþidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
sanþidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
sanþidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
sanþidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
sanþijandz (active participle present)
sanþidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *sanþijan
Old English: sēþan, sēðan — edh spelling
Middle English: sethen

Old Norse: senna

Icelandic: senna


swaipijaną

swaipijō (active first-person indicative singular)
swaipijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
swaipijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
swaipīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
swaipijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
swaipī (active imperative second-person singular)
swaipijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
swaipijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
swaipīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
swaipijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
swaipijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
swaipijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
swaipijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
swaipijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
swaipijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
swaipijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
swaipijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
swaipijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
swaipijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
swaipijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
swaipijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
swaipijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
swaipīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
swaipijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
swaipīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
swaipijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
swaipijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
swaipijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
swaipijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
swaipijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
swaipijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
swaipijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
swaipidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
swaipidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
swaipidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
swaipidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
swaipidē (active indicative singular third-person)
swaipidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
swaipidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
swaipidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
swaipidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
swaipidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
swaipidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
swaipidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
swaipidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
swaipidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
swaipidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
swaipidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
swaipijandz (active participle present)
swaipidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *swaipijan
Old English: *swǣpan, *swēpan
Middle English: swēpen, sweepe, swepe
English: sweep
Scots: sweep
Old High German: sweifen
Middle High German: sweifen
German: schweifen

Old Norse: sveipa
Icelandic: sveipa
Faroese: sveipa
Norwegian:
Norwegian Nynorsk: sveipe, sveipa
Norwegian Bokmål: sveipe
Ostrobothnian: sveip
Nilandian: svipa
Old Swedish: svēpa, swǣpa
Swedish: svepa
Scanian: svøba, svepa, sveva
Older Danish: svebe
Danish: svøbe, svippe
→ Middle English: swaipen
English: swaip
Scots: swape, swaip


wīpaną

wīpō (active first-person indicative singular)
wīpaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
wīpai (first-person indicative passive singular)
wīpizi (active indicative second-person singular)
wīpaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
wīp (active imperative second-person singular)
wīpazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
wīpaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
wīpidi (active indicative singular third-person)
wīpai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
wīpadau (active imperative singular third-person)
wīpadai (indicative passive singular third-person)
wīpaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
wīpōz (active dual first-person indicative)
wīpaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
wīpadiz (active dual indicative second-person)
wīpaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
wīpadiz (active dual imperative second-person)
wīpamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
wīpaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
wīpandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
wīpaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
wīpid (active indicative plural second-person)
wīpaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
wīpid (active imperative plural second-person)
wīpandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
wīpaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
wīpandi (active indicative plural third-person)
wīpain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
wīpandau (active imperative plural third-person)
wīpandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
wīpaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
waip (active first-person indicative singular)
wipį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
waift (active indicative second-person singular)
wipīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
waip (active indicative singular third-person)
wipī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
wipū (active dual first-person indicative)
wipīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
wipudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
wipīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
wipum (active first-person indicative plural)
wipīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
wipud (active indicative plural second-person)
wipīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
wipun (active indicative plural third-person)
wipīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
wīpandz (active participle present)
wipanaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *wīpan
Old Dutch: *wīpan
Middle Dutch: wîpen
Dutch: wijpen, wiepen
Old High German: *wīfan
Middle High German: wīfen
⇒ Old High German: *biwīfan
Old High German: biwifan (“unlucky, damned”, past participle)
→ Old French: guiper
Middle French: guiper
⇒ Middle French: ghippure
French: guipure

Gothic: 𐍅𐌴𐌹𐍀𐌰𐌽 (weipan)

→ Proto-Finnic: *viip'at'ak (see there for further descendants)


brastijaną

brastijō (active first-person indicative singular)
brastijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
brastijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
brastīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
brastijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
brastī (active imperative second-person singular)
brastijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
brastijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
brastīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
brastijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
brastijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
brastijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
brastijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
brastijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
brastijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
brastijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
brastijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
brastijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
brastijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
brastijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
brastijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
brastijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
brastīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
brastijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
brastīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
brastijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
brastijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
brastijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
brastijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
brastijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
brastijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
brastijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
brastidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
brastidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
brastidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
brastidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
brastidē (active indicative singular third-person)
brastidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
brastidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
brastidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
brastidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
brastidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
brastidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
brastidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
brastidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
brastidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
brastidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
brastidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
brastijandz (active participle present)
brastidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *brastijan

Old High German: bresten

Switzerland German: brästen

Old Norse: bresta

Icelandic: bresta


brastōną

brastō (active first-person indicative singular)
brastǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
brastōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
brastōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
brastōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
brastō (active imperative second-person singular)
brastōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
brastōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
brastōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
brastō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
brastōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
brastōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
brastōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
brastōs (active dual first-person indicative)
brastōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
brastōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
brastōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
brastōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
brastōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
brastōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
brastōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
brastōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
brastōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
brastōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
brastōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
brastōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
brastōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
brastōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
brastōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
brastōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
brastōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
brastōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
brastōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
brastōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
brastōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
brastōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
brastōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
brastōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
brastōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
brastōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
brastōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
brastōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
brastōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
brastōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
brastōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
brastōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
brastōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
brastōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
brastōndz (active participle present)
brastōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *brastōn
>? Old Saxon: *brastōn, *braskōn, *bratsōn (alteration through dissimilation or metathesis)
Middle Low German: brāschen, brēschen, bratzen, brassen
German Low German: brassen
→ German: prassen
Old High German: brastōn
Middle High German: brasten
German: brasten

Old Norse: brasta

Icelandic: brasta


gnīdaną

gnīdō (active first-person indicative singular)
gnīdaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
gnīdai (first-person indicative passive singular)
gnīdizi (active indicative second-person singular)
gnīdaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
gnīd (active imperative second-person singular)
gnīdazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
gnīdaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
gnīdidi (active indicative singular third-person)
gnīdai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
gnīdadau (active imperative singular third-person)
gnīdadai (indicative passive singular third-person)
gnīdaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
gnīdōz (active dual first-person indicative)
gnīdaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
gnīdadiz (active dual indicative second-person)
gnīdaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
gnīdadiz (active dual imperative second-person)
gnīdamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
gnīdaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
gnīdandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
gnīdaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
gnīdid (active indicative plural second-person)
gnīdaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
gnīdid (active imperative plural second-person)
gnīdandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
gnīdaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
gnīdandi (active indicative plural third-person)
gnīdain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
gnīdandau (active imperative plural third-person)
gnīdandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
gnīdaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
gnaid (active first-person indicative singular)
gnidį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
gnaist (active indicative second-person singular)
gnidīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
gnaid (active indicative singular third-person)
gnidī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
gnidū (active dual first-person indicative)
gnidīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
gnidudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
gnidīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
gnidum (active first-person indicative plural)
gnidīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
gnidud (active indicative plural second-person)
gnidīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
gnidun (active indicative plural third-person)
gnidīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
gnīdandz (active participle present)
gnidanaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *gnīdan
Old English: gnīdan
Middle English: gniden, gnyde
Old Saxon: *gnīdan
Middle Low German: gnīden
Old High German: gnītan
Middle High German: gnīten

Old Norse: gníða

Icelandic: gníða

Old Swedish: gnidha

Swedish: gnida

Danish: gnide, (obsolete) nithe

/ˈɣniː.ðɑ.nɑ̃/

From Proto-Indo-European *gʰneydʰ- (“to rub”).


gawitāną

gawitō (active first-person indicative singular)
gawitaisi (active indicative second-person singular)
gawitai (active imperative second-person singular)
gawitāsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
gawitaiþi (active indicative singular third-person)
gawitāþau (active imperative singular third-person)
gawitāþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
gawitōs (active dual first-person indicative)
gawitāþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
gawitāþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
gawitāmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
gawitānþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
gawitaiþ (active indicative plural second-person)
gawitaiþ (active imperative plural second-person)
gawitānþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
gawitānþi (active indicative plural third-person)
gawitānþau (active imperative plural third-person)
gawitānþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
gawitadǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
gawitadēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
gawitadēz (active indicative second-person singular)
gawitadēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
gawitadē (active indicative singular third-person)
gawitadēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
gawitadēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
gawitadēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
gawitadēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
gawitadēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
gawitadēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
gawitadēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
gawitadēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
gawitadēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
gawitadēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
gawitadēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
gawitāndz (active participle present)
gawitadaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *gawitēn

Old High German: giwizzēn

Gothic: 𐌲𐌰𐍅𐌹𐍄𐌰𐌽 (gawitān)


þrimmaną

þrimmō (active first-person indicative singular)
þrimmaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
þrimmai (first-person indicative passive singular)
þrimmizi (active indicative second-person singular)
þrimmaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
þrimm (active imperative second-person singular)
þrimmazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
þrimmaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
þrimmidi (active indicative singular third-person)
þrimmai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
þrimmadau (active imperative singular third-person)
þrimmadai (indicative passive singular third-person)
þrimmaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
þrimmōz (active dual first-person indicative)
þrimmaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
þrimmadiz (active dual indicative second-person)
þrimmaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
þrimmadiz (active dual imperative second-person)
þrimmamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
þrimmaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
þrimmandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
þrimmaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
þrimmid (active indicative plural second-person)
þrimmaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
þrimmid (active imperative plural second-person)
þrimmandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
þrimmaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
þrimmandi (active indicative plural third-person)
þrimmain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
þrimmandau (active imperative plural third-person)
þrimmandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
þrimmaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
þramm (active first-person indicative singular)
þrummį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
þrammt (active indicative second-person singular)
þrummīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
þramm (active indicative singular third-person)
þrummī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
þrummū (active dual first-person indicative)
þrummīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
þrummudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
þrummīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
þrummum (active first-person indicative plural)
þrummīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
þrummud (active indicative plural second-person)
þrummīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
þrummun (active indicative plural third-person)
þrummīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
þrimmandz (active participle present)
þrummanaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *þrimman
Old Saxon: thrimman

Old Norse: þramma

Icelandic: þramma

From Proto-Indo-European *trem- (“to tremble (in fear)”).


swīmaną

swīmō (active first-person indicative singular)
swīmaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
swīmai (first-person indicative passive singular)
swīmizi (active indicative second-person singular)
swīmaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
swīm (active imperative second-person singular)
swīmazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
swīmaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
swīmidi (active indicative singular third-person)
swīmai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
swīmadau (active imperative singular third-person)
swīmadai (indicative passive singular third-person)
swīmaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
swīmōz (active dual first-person indicative)
swīmaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
swīmadiz (active dual indicative second-person)
swīmaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
swīmadiz (active dual imperative second-person)
swīmamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
swīmaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
swīmandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
swīmaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
swīmid (active indicative plural second-person)
swīmaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
swīmid (active imperative plural second-person)
swīmandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
swīmaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
swīmandi (active indicative plural third-person)
swīmain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
swīmandau (active imperative plural third-person)
swīmandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
swīmaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
swaim (active first-person indicative singular)
swimį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
swaimt (active indicative second-person singular)
swimīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
swaim (active indicative singular third-person)
swimī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
swimū (active dual first-person indicative)
swimīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
swimudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
swimīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
swimum (active first-person indicative plural)
swimīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
swimud (active indicative plural second-person)
swimīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
swimun (active indicative plural third-person)
swimīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
swīmandz (active participle present)
swimanaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *swīman
Old Frisian: *swīma
West Frisian: swime, swymje
⇒ Old Frisian: biswīma
Old Saxon: *swīman
Middle Low German: swīmen
Old Dutch: *swīman
Middle Dutch: swimen
Dutch: zwijmen
Old High German: *swīman
Middle High German: swīmen

Old Norse: svíma

Faroese: svíma

Old Swedish: svīma

Swedish: svimma

Possibly related to *swaipaną (“to sweep, sway”).


snewaną

snewō (active first-person indicative singular)
snewaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
snewai (first-person indicative passive singular)
sniwizi (active indicative second-person singular)
snewaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
snew (active imperative second-person singular)
snewazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
snewaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
sniwidi (active indicative singular third-person)
snewai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
snewadau (active imperative singular third-person)
snewadai (indicative passive singular third-person)
snewaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
snewōz (active dual first-person indicative)
snewaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
snewadiz (active dual indicative second-person)
snewaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
snewadiz (active dual imperative second-person)
snewamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
snewaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
snewandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
snewaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
sniwid (active indicative plural second-person)
snewaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
sniwid (active imperative plural second-person)
snewandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
snewaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
snewandi (active indicative plural third-person)
snewain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
snewandau (active imperative plural third-person)
snewandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
snewaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
snau (active first-person indicative singular)
snēwį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
snaut (active indicative second-person singular)
snēwīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
snau (active indicative singular third-person)
snēwī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
snēwū (active dual first-person indicative)
snēwīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
snēwudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
snēwīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
snēwum (active first-person indicative plural)
snēwīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
snēwud (active indicative plural second-person)
snēwīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
snēwun (active indicative plural third-person)
snēwīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
snewandz (active participle present)
snewanaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *snewan

Old English: snēowan, snōwan

Old Norse: snúa

Faroese: snúgva

Gothic: 𐍃𐌽𐌹𐍅𐌰𐌽 (sniwan)

From Proto-Indo-European *snewH- (“to be fleet; flow; run; trickle”). Cognate with Proto-Slavic *snuti (“to shuttle, to warp (yarn, thread)”), Latvian snaujis (“noose”).


sniumijaną

sniumijō (active first-person indicative singular)
sniumijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
sniumijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
sniumiisi (active indicative second-person singular)
sniumijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
sniumii (active imperative second-person singular)
sniumijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
sniumijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
sniumiiþi (active indicative singular third-person)
sniumijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
sniumijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
sniumijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
sniumijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
sniumijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
sniumijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
sniumijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
sniumijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
sniumijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
sniumijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
sniumijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
sniumijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
sniumijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
sniumiiþ (active indicative plural second-person)
sniumijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
sniumiiþ (active imperative plural second-person)
sniumijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
sniumijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
sniumijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
sniumijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
sniumijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
sniumijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
sniumijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
sniumiidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
sniumiidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
sniumiidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
sniumiidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
sniumiidē (active indicative singular third-person)
sniumiidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
sniumiidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
sniumiidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
sniumiidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
sniumiidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
sniumiidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
sniumiidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
sniumiidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
sniumiidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
sniumiidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
sniumiidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
sniumijandz (active participle present)
sniumiidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *sniumijan
Old Saxon: *sniumen
Middle Low German: gesniumen
Old High German: sniumen

Gothic: 𐍃𐌽𐌹𐌿𐌼𐌾𐌰𐌽 (sniumjan)


rīhaną

rīhō (active first-person indicative singular)
rīhaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
rīhai (first-person indicative passive singular)
rīhizi (active indicative second-person singular)
rīhaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
rīh (active imperative second-person singular)
rīhazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
rīhaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
rīhidi (active indicative singular third-person)
rīhai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
rīhadau (active imperative singular third-person)
rīhadai (indicative passive singular third-person)
rīhaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
rīhōz (active dual first-person indicative)
rīhaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
rīhadiz (active dual indicative second-person)
rīhaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
rīhadiz (active dual imperative second-person)
rīhamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
rīhaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
rīhandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
rīhaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
rīhid (active indicative plural second-person)
rīhaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
rīhid (active imperative plural second-person)
rīhandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
rīhaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
rīhandi (active indicative plural third-person)
rīhain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
rīhandau (active imperative plural third-person)
rīhandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
rīhaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
raih (active first-person indicative singular)
rigį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
raiht (active indicative second-person singular)
rigīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
raih (active indicative singular third-person)
rigī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
rigū (active dual first-person indicative)
rigīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
rigudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
rigīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
rigum (active first-person indicative plural)
rigīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
rigud (active indicative plural second-person)
rigīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
rigun (active indicative plural third-person)
rigīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
rīhandz (active participle present)
riganaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *rīhan
Old Frisian: *rīa
West Frisian: riuwe
Old Saxon: *rīhan
Middle Low German: rīhen
Old Dutch: *rīan
Middle Dutch: rien, rigen
Dutch: rijgen
Afrikaans: ryg
Old High German: *rīhan
Middle High German: rīhen
German: reihen

Possibly from Proto-Indo-European *h₁reyḱ- (“to break, scratch”), whence also Ancient Greek ἐρείκω (ereíkō, “to rend, bruise, pound”).


þrūtaną

þrūtō (active first-person indicative singular)
þrūtaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
þrūtai (first-person indicative passive singular)
þrūtizi (active indicative second-person singular)
þrūtaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
þrūt (active imperative second-person singular)
þrūtazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
þrūtaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
þrūtidi (active indicative singular third-person)
þrūtai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
þrūtadau (active imperative singular third-person)
þrūtadai (indicative passive singular third-person)
þrūtaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
þrūtōz (active dual first-person indicative)
þrūtaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
þrūtadiz (active dual indicative second-person)
þrūtaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
þrūtadiz (active dual imperative second-person)
þrūtamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
þrūtaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
þrūtandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
þrūtaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
þrūtid (active indicative plural second-person)
þrūtaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
þrūtid (active imperative plural second-person)
þrūtandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
þrūtaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
þrūtandi (active indicative plural third-person)
þrūtain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
þrūtandau (active imperative plural third-person)
þrūtandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
þrūtaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
þraut (active first-person indicative singular)
þrutį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
þraust (active indicative second-person singular)
þrutīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
þraut (active indicative singular third-person)
þrutī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
þrutū (active dual first-person indicative)
þrutīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
þrutudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
þrutīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
þrutum (active first-person indicative plural)
þrutīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
þrutud (active indicative plural second-person)
þrutīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
þrutun (active indicative plural third-person)
þrutīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
þrūtandz (active participle present)
þrutanaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *þrūtan

Old English: *þrūtan

desc

⇒ Old English: āþruten (past participle)

Old Norse: þrútinn (past participle)

Possibly from Proto-Indo-European *trewd- (“to push, to thrust”). Cognate with Latin trūdō.


þrūstijaną

þrūstijō (active first-person indicative singular)
þrūstijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
þrūstijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
þrūstīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
þrūstijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
þrūstī (active imperative second-person singular)
þrūstijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
þrūstijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
þrūstīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
þrūstijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
þrūstijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
þrūstijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
þrūstijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
þrūstijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
þrūstijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
þrūstijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
þrūstijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
þrūstijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
þrūstijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
þrūstijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
þrūstijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
þrūstijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
þrūstīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
þrūstijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
þrūstīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
þrūstijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
þrūstijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
þrūstijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
þrūstijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
þrūstijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
þrūstijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
þrūstijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
þrūstidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
þrūstidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
þrūstidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
þrūstidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
þrūstidē (active indicative singular third-person)
þrūstidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
þrūstidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
þrūstidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
þrūstidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
þrūstidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
þrūstidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
þrūstidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
þrūstidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
þrūstidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
þrūstidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
þrūstidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
þrūstijandz (active participle present)
þrūstidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *þrūstijan

Old High German: drūsten

Old Norse: þrýsta

Icelandic: þrýsta

→ English: thrust

From Proto-Indo-European *trewd- (“to push, to thrust”).


þrewwaną

þrewwō (active first-person indicative singular)
þrewwaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
þrewwai (first-person indicative passive singular)
þriwwizi (active indicative second-person singular)
þrewwaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
þreww (active imperative second-person singular)
þrewwazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
þrewwaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
þriwwidi (active indicative singular third-person)
þrewwai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
þrewwadau (active imperative singular third-person)
þrewwadai (indicative passive singular third-person)
þrewwaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
þrewwōz (active dual first-person indicative)
þrewwaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
þrewwadiz (active dual indicative second-person)
þrewwaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
þrewwadiz (active dual imperative second-person)
þrewwamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
þrewwaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
þrewwandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
þrewwaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
þriwwid (active indicative plural second-person)
þrewwaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
þriwwid (active imperative plural second-person)
þrewwandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
þrewwaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
þrewwandi (active indicative plural third-person)
þrewwain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
þrewwandau (active imperative plural third-person)
þrewwandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
þrewwaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
þrau (active first-person indicative singular)
þrauw (active first-person indicative singular)
þruwį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
þraut (active indicative second-person singular)
þrauwt (active indicative second-person singular)
þruwīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
þrau (active indicative singular third-person)
þrauw (active indicative singular third-person)
þruwī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
þruwū (active dual first-person indicative)
þruwīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
þruwudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
þruwīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
þruwum (active first-person indicative plural)
þruwīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
þruwud (active indicative plural second-person)
þruwīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
þruwun (active indicative plural third-person)
þruwīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
þrewwandz (active participle present)
þruwanaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *þreuwan
Old High German: driuwan

From Proto-Indo-European *trew(H)- (“to nourish, to grow”).


sīpaną

sīpō (active first-person indicative singular)
sīpaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
sīpai (first-person indicative passive singular)
sīpizi (active indicative second-person singular)
sīpaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
sīp (active imperative second-person singular)
sīpazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
sīpaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
sīpidi (active indicative singular third-person)
sīpai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
sīpadau (active imperative singular third-person)
sīpadai (indicative passive singular third-person)
sīpaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
sīpōz (active dual first-person indicative)
sīpaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
sīpadiz (active dual indicative second-person)
sīpaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
sīpadiz (active dual imperative second-person)
sīpamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
sīpaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
sīpandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
sīpaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
sīpid (active indicative plural second-person)
sīpaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
sīpid (active imperative plural second-person)
sīpandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
sīpaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
sīpandi (active indicative plural third-person)
sīpain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
sīpandau (active imperative plural third-person)
sīpandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
sīpaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
saip (active first-person indicative singular)
sipį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
saift (active indicative second-person singular)
sipīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
saip (active indicative singular third-person)
sipī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
sipū (active dual first-person indicative)
sipīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
sipudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
sipīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
sipum (active first-person indicative plural)
sipīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
sipud (active indicative plural second-person)
sipīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
sipun (active indicative plural third-person)
sipīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
sīpandz (active participle present)
sipanaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *sīpan
Old Frisian: sīpa
Old Saxon: *sīpan
Middle Low German: sīpen
Low German: siepen
Old Dutch: *sīpan
Middle Dutch: sipen
Dutch: zijpen
Old High German: *sīfan
Middle High German: sīfen
Central Franconian: siefe, siffe, seife
⇒ Luxembourgish: säifeg

From Proto-Indo-European *seyp-, *seybʰ- (“to pour, sieve, strain, sift, run, drip”), whence also Proto-West Germanic *sibi (“sieve”).


þruwāną

þruwō (active first-person indicative singular)
þruwaisi (active indicative second-person singular)
þruwai (active imperative second-person singular)
þruwāsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
þruwaiþi (active indicative singular third-person)
þruwāþau (active imperative singular third-person)
þruwāþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
þruwōs (active dual first-person indicative)
þruwāþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
þruwāþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
þruwāmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
þruwānþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
þruwaiþ (active indicative plural second-person)
þruwaiþ (active imperative plural second-person)
þruwānþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
þruwānþi (active indicative plural third-person)
þruwānþau (active imperative plural third-person)
þruwānþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
þruwadǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
þruwadēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
þruwadēz (active indicative second-person singular)
þruwadēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
þruwadē (active indicative singular third-person)
þruwadēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
þruwadēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
þruwadēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
þruwadēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
þruwadēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
þruwadēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
þruwadēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
þruwadēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
þruwadēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
þruwadēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
þruwadēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
þruwāndz (active participle present)
þruwadaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Old Norse: þróa

Icelandic: þróa

From *þruwaz (“matured”) + *-āną. Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *trew(H)- (“to norish, to grow”).


uzþreutaną

uzþreutō (active first-person indicative singular)
uzþreutaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
uzþreutai (first-person indicative passive singular)
uzþriutizi (active indicative second-person singular)
uzþreutaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
uzþreut (active imperative second-person singular)
uzþreutazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
uzþreutaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
uzþriutidi (active indicative singular third-person)
uzþreutai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
uzþreutadau (active imperative singular third-person)
uzþreutadai (indicative passive singular third-person)
uzþreutaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
uzþreutōz (active dual first-person indicative)
uzþreutaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
uzþreutadiz (active dual indicative second-person)
uzþreutaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
uzþreutadiz (active dual imperative second-person)
uzþreutamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
uzþreutaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
uzþreutandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
uzþreutaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
uzþriutid (active indicative plural second-person)
uzþreutaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
uzþriutid (active imperative plural second-person)
uzþreutandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
uzþreutaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
uzþreutandi (active indicative plural third-person)
uzþreutain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
uzþreutandau (active imperative plural third-person)
uzþreutandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
uzþreutaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
uzþraut (active first-person indicative singular)
uzþrutį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
uzþraust (active indicative second-person singular)
uzþrutīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
uzþraut (active indicative singular third-person)
uzþrutī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
uzþrutū (active dual first-person indicative)
uzþrutīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
uzþrutudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
uzþrutīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
uzþrutum (active first-person indicative plural)
uzþrutīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
uzþrutud (active indicative plural second-person)
uzþrutīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
uzþrutun (active indicative plural third-person)
uzþrutīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
uzþreutandz (active participle present)
uzþrutanaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *uʀþreutan
Old English: āþrēotan
Old Saxon: āthriotan
Middle Low German: vordrēten, vordreiten
Old High German: irdriozan, irdruzzen
Middle High German: erdriezen, verdriezen
German: erdrießen (archaic), verdrießen

Gothic: 𐌿𐍃𐌸𐍂𐌹𐌿𐍄𐌰𐌽 (usþriutan)


grīsaną

grīsō (active first-person indicative singular)
grīsaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
grīsai (first-person indicative passive singular)
grīsizi (active indicative second-person singular)
grīsaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
grīs (active imperative second-person singular)
grīsazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
grīsaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
grīsidi (active indicative singular third-person)
grīsai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
grīsadau (active imperative singular third-person)
grīsadai (indicative passive singular third-person)
grīsaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
grīsōz (active dual first-person indicative)
grīsaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
grīsadiz (active dual indicative second-person)
grīsaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
grīsadiz (active dual imperative second-person)
grīsamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
grīsaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
grīsandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
grīsaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
grīsid (active indicative plural second-person)
grīsaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
grīsid (active imperative plural second-person)
grīsandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
grīsaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
grīsandi (active indicative plural third-person)
grīsain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
grīsandau (active imperative plural third-person)
grīsandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
grīsaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
grais (active first-person indicative singular)
grizį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
graist (active indicative second-person singular)
grizīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
grais (active indicative singular third-person)
grizī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
grizū (active dual first-person indicative)
grizīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
grizudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
grizīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
grizum (active first-person indicative plural)
grizīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
grizud (active indicative plural second-person)
grizīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
grizun (active indicative plural third-person)
grizīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
grīsandz (active participle present)
grizanaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *grīsan
Old English: grīsan
Middle English: grisen, gryse
English: grise
⇒ Yola: greezee, grizee
Old Dutch: *grīsan
Middle Dutch: grisen
⇒ Dutch: afgrijzen (obsolete except as gerund)

Of disputed origin. Watkins suggests Proto-Indo-European *gʰer- (“to grind, rub”), while Orel derives the term from Proto-Indo-European *gʰrey- (“to smear, paint”) and compares Ancient Greek χρῑ́ω (khrī́ō, “to smear, anoint”). However, compare Sanskrit हर्षति (harṣati, “to become on edge, nervous”), which is from *ǵʰers- (“surprised, stiff”).


lapaną

lapō (active first-person indicative singular)
lapaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
lapai (first-person indicative passive singular)
lapizi (active indicative second-person singular)
lapaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
lap (active imperative second-person singular)
lapazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
lapaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
lapidi (active indicative singular third-person)
lapai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
lapadau (active imperative singular third-person)
lapadai (indicative passive singular third-person)
lapaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
lapōz (active dual first-person indicative)
lapaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
lapadiz (active dual indicative second-person)
lapaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
lapadiz (active dual imperative second-person)
lapamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
lapaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
lapandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
lapaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
lapid (active indicative plural second-person)
lapaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
lapid (active imperative plural second-person)
lapandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
lapaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
lapandi (active indicative plural third-person)
lapain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
lapandau (active imperative plural third-person)
lapandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
lapaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
lōp (active first-person indicative singular)
lōpį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
lōft (active indicative second-person singular)
lōpīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
lōp (active indicative singular third-person)
lōpī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
lōpū (active dual first-person indicative)
lōpīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
lōpudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
lōpīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
lōpum (active first-person indicative plural)
lōpīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
lōpud (active indicative plural second-person)
lōpīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
lōpun (active indicative plural third-person)
lōpīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
lapandz (active participle present)
lapanaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *lapan
Old High German: laffan
Middle High German: laffen
Alemannic German: laffen

According to Kroonen, a back-formed verb from the iterative *lappōną (“to lick up”).


uzwerpaną

uzwerpō (active first-person indicative singular)
uzwerpaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
uzwerpai (first-person indicative passive singular)
uzwirpizi (active indicative second-person singular)
uzwerpaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
uzwerp (active imperative second-person singular)
uzwerpazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
uzwerpaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
uzwirpidi (active indicative singular third-person)
uzwerpai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
uzwerpadau (active imperative singular third-person)
uzwerpadai (indicative passive singular third-person)
uzwerpaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
uzwerpōz (active dual first-person indicative)
uzwerpaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
uzwerpadiz (active dual indicative second-person)
uzwerpaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
uzwerpadiz (active dual imperative second-person)
uzwerpamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
uzwerpaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
uzwerpandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
uzwerpaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
uzwirpid (active indicative plural second-person)
uzwerpaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
uzwirpid (active imperative plural second-person)
uzwerpandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
uzwerpaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
uzwerpandi (active indicative plural third-person)
uzwerpain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
uzwerpandau (active imperative plural third-person)
uzwerpandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
uzwerpaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
uzwarp (active first-person indicative singular)
uzwurpį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
uzwarft (active indicative second-person singular)
uzwurpīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
uzwarp (active indicative singular third-person)
uzwurpī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
uzwurpū (active dual first-person indicative)
uzwurpīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
uzwurpudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
uzwurpīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
uzwurpum (active first-person indicative plural)
uzwurpīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
uzwurpud (active indicative plural second-person)
uzwurpīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
uzwurpun (active indicative plural third-person)
uzwurpīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
uzwerpandz (active participle present)
uzwurpanaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *uʀwerpan
Old English: āweorpan
Middle English: aworpen, aweorpen, awerpen, awarpen
Old Frisian: urwerpa
Old Saxon: āwerpan
Old High German: urwerfan, irwerfan
Middle High German: erwerfen
German: erwerfen (archaic)

Gothic: 𐌿𐍃𐍅𐌰𐌹𐍂𐍀𐌰𐌽 (uswairpan)


drabaną

drabō (active first-person indicative singular)
drabaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
drabai (first-person indicative passive singular)
drabizi (active indicative second-person singular)
drabaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
drab (active imperative second-person singular)
drabazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
drabaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
drabidi (active indicative singular third-person)
drabai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
drabadau (active imperative singular third-person)
drabadai (indicative passive singular third-person)
drabaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
drabōz (active dual first-person indicative)
drabaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
drabadiz (active dual indicative second-person)
drabaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
drabadiz (active dual imperative second-person)
drabamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
drabaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
drabandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
drabaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
drabid (active indicative plural second-person)
drabaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
drabid (active imperative plural second-person)
drabandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
drabaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
drabandi (active indicative plural third-person)
drabain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
drabandau (active imperative plural third-person)
drabandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
drabaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
drōb (active first-person indicative singular)
drōbį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
drōft (active indicative second-person singular)
drōbīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
drōb (active indicative singular third-person)
drōbī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
drōbū (active dual first-person indicative)
drōbīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
drōbudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
drōbīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
drōbum (active first-person indicative plural)
drōbīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
drōbud (active indicative plural second-person)
drōbīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
drōbun (active indicative plural third-person)
drōbīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
drabandz (active participle present)
drabanaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Gothic: *𐌳𐍂𐌰𐌱𐌰𐌽 (*draban)

⇒ Gothic: 𐌲𐌰𐌳𐍂𐌰𐌱𐌰𐌽 (gadraban)

From Proto-Indo-European *dʰrebʰ- (“to grind; crush; kill”). Cognate with Proto-Slavic *drobìti (“to crush”), Lithuanian drė̃bti (“to strike”), and Latvian drêbt (“to beat”).


spananą

spanō (active first-person indicative singular)
spanaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
spanai (first-person indicative passive singular)
spanizi (active indicative second-person singular)
spanaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
span (active imperative second-person singular)
spanazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
spanaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
spanidi (active indicative singular third-person)
spanai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
spanadau (active imperative singular third-person)
spanadai (indicative passive singular third-person)
spanaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
spanōz (active dual first-person indicative)
spanaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
spanadiz (active dual indicative second-person)
spanaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
spanadiz (active dual imperative second-person)
spanamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
spanaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
spanandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
spanaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
spanid (active indicative plural second-person)
spanaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
spanid (active imperative plural second-person)
spanandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
spanaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
spanandi (active indicative plural third-person)
spanain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
spanandau (active imperative plural third-person)
spanandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
spanaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
spōn (active first-person indicative singular)
spōnį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
spōnt (active indicative second-person singular)
spōnīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
spōn (active indicative singular third-person)
spōnī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
spōnū (active dual first-person indicative)
spōnīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
spōnudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
spōnīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
spōnum (active first-person indicative plural)
spōnīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
spōnud (active indicative plural second-person)
spōnīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
spōnun (active indicative plural third-person)
spōnīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
spanandz (active participle present)
spananaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *spanan
Old English: spanan
Middle English: spannen
Old Saxon: spanan
Middle Low German: spanen
Old High German: spanan
Middle High German: spanen

Old Norse: *spana

Old Swedish: spana

Possibly from Proto-Indo-European *(s)penh₁- (“to spin (thread); to stretch”).


kwabjaną

kwabjō (active first-person indicative singular)
kwabjaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
kwabjai (first-person indicative passive singular)
kwabisi (active indicative second-person singular)
kwabjais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
kwabi (active imperative second-person singular)
kwabjasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
kwabjaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
kwabiþi (active indicative singular third-person)
kwabjai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
kwabjaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
kwabjaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
kwabjaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
kwabjōs (active dual first-person indicative)
kwabjaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
kwabjaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
kwabjaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
kwabjaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
kwabjamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
kwabjaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
kwabjanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
kwabjainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
kwabiþ (active indicative plural second-person)
kwabjaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
kwabiþ (active imperative plural second-person)
kwabjanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
kwabjainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
kwabjanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
kwabjain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
kwabjanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
kwabjanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
kwabjainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
kwabidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
kwabidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
kwabidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
kwabidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
kwabidē (active indicative singular third-person)
kwabidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
kwabidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
kwabidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
kwabidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
kwabidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
kwabidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
kwabidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
kwabidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
kwabidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
kwabidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
kwabidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
kwabjandz (active participle present)
kwabidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Old Norse: kefja, kvefja
Icelandic: kvefja, kefja
Norwegian: kveve
Old Swedish: kvävja
Swedish: kväva


kwēbijaną

kwēbijō (active first-person indicative singular)
kwēbijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
kwēbijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
kwēbīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
kwēbijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
kwēbī (active imperative second-person singular)
kwēbijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
kwēbijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
kwēbīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
kwēbijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
kwēbijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
kwēbijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
kwēbijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
kwēbijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
kwēbijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
kwēbijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
kwēbijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
kwēbijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
kwēbijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
kwēbijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
kwēbijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
kwēbijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
kwēbīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
kwēbijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
kwēbīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
kwēbijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
kwēbijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
kwēbijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
kwēbijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
kwēbijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
kwēbijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
kwēbijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
kwēbidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
kwēbidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
kwēbidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
kwēbidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
kwēbidē (active indicative singular third-person)
kwēbidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
kwēbidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
kwēbidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
kwēbidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
kwēbidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
kwēbidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
kwēbidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
kwēbidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
kwēbidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
kwēbidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
kwēbidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
kwēbijandz (active participle present)
kwēbidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Old Norse: kvæfa, kǿfa

Icelandic: kæfa

Faroese: køva

Norwegian: kvæva, kjøva

From Proto-Indo-European *gʷeh₂bʰ- (“to dive, dive in”). Cognate with Ancient Greek βάπτω (báptō, “to dip, submerge”), Persian ژرف (žarf), and Sanskrit गभीर (gabhīra), whence Hindi गहरा (gahrā).


kwebaną

kwebō (active first-person indicative singular)
kwebaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
kwebai (first-person indicative passive singular)
kwibizi (active indicative second-person singular)
kwebaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
kweb (active imperative second-person singular)
kwebazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
kwebaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
kwibidi (active indicative singular third-person)
kwebai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
kwebadau (active imperative singular third-person)
kwebadai (indicative passive singular third-person)
kwebaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
kwebōz (active dual first-person indicative)
kwebaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
kwebadiz (active dual indicative second-person)
kwebaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
kwebadiz (active dual imperative second-person)
kwebamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
kwebaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
kwebandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
kwebaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
kwibid (active indicative plural second-person)
kwebaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
kwibid (active imperative plural second-person)
kwebandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
kwebaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
kwebandi (active indicative plural third-person)
kwebain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
kwebandau (active imperative plural third-person)
kwebandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
kwebaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
kwab (active first-person indicative singular)
kwēbį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
kwaft (active indicative second-person singular)
kwēbīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
kwab (active indicative singular third-person)
kwēbī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
kwēbū (active dual first-person indicative)
kwēbīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
kwēbudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
kwēbīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
kwēbum (active first-person indicative plural)
kwēbīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
kwēbud (active indicative plural second-person)
kwēbīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
kwēbun (active indicative plural third-person)
kwēbīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
kwebandz (active participle present)
kwebanaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *kweban
Old High German: *kweban, *queban
⇒ Old High German: irkweban, irqueban
Middle High German: erqueben

A verbal formation related to *kwēbijaną.


snūtijaną

snūtijō (active first-person indicative singular)
snūtijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
snūtijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
snūtīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
snūtijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
snūtī (active imperative second-person singular)
snūtijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
snūtijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
snūtīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
snūtijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
snūtijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
snūtijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
snūtijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
snūtijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
snūtijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
snūtijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
snūtijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
snūtijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
snūtijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
snūtijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
snūtijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
snūtijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
snūtīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
snūtijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
snūtīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
snūtijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
snūtijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
snūtijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
snūtijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
snūtijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
snūtijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
snūtijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
snūtidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
snūtidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
snūtidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
snūtidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
snūtidē (active indicative singular third-person)
snūtidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
snūtidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
snūtidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
snūtidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
snūtidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
snūtidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
snūtidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
snūtidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
snūtidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
snūtidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
snūtidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
snūtijandz (active participle present)
snūtidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *snūtijan
Old English: snȳtan
Middle English: snyten, sniten
English: snite, snet
Yola: snite
Old Dutch: *snūten
Middle Dutch: snuten
Dutch: snuiten
Limburgish: snoete
Old High German: snūzen
Middle High German: sniuzen
German: schnäuzen

Old Norse: snýta

Icelandic: snýta

Norwegian:

Nynorsk: snyte

Bokmål: snyte

Swedish: snyta

Danish: snyde


skurtāną

skurtō (active first-person indicative singular)
skurtaisi (active indicative second-person singular)
skurtai (active imperative second-person singular)
skurtāsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
skurtaiþi (active indicative singular third-person)
skurtāþau (active imperative singular third-person)
skurtāþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
skurtōs (active dual first-person indicative)
skurtāþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
skurtāþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
skurtāmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
skurtānþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
skurtaiþ (active indicative plural second-person)
skurtaiþ (active imperative plural second-person)
skurtānþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
skurtānþi (active indicative plural third-person)
skurtānþau (active imperative plural third-person)
skurtānþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
skurtadǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
skurtadēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
skurtadēz (active indicative second-person singular)
skurtadēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
skurtadē (active indicative singular third-person)
skurtadēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
skurtadēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
skurtadēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
skurtadēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
skurtadēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
skurtadēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
skurtadēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
skurtadēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
skurtadēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
skurtadēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
skurtadēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
skurtāndz (active participle present)
skurtadaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *skurtēn
Old English: sċortian, sċeortian (merged with descendant of Proto-West Germanic *skurtōn)
Middle English: schorten, shorten
English: short
Scots: schort
Old Saxon: *skortōn
Middle Low German: schorten, schörten (merged with descendant of Proto-West Germanic *skurtijan and *skurtōn)
German Low German: schörten, schörtjen
Old Dutch: *scorton
Middle Dutch: schorten
Dutch: schorten

Old Norse: skorta

Faroese: skorta

Icelandic: skorta

From *skurtaz (“short, lacking”) + *-āną.


hawāną

hawō (active first-person indicative singular)
hawaisi (active indicative second-person singular)
hawai (active imperative second-person singular)
hawāsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
hawaiþi (active indicative singular third-person)
hawāþau (active imperative singular third-person)
hawāþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
hawōs (active dual first-person indicative)
hawāþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
hawāþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
hawāmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
hawānþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
hawaiþ (active indicative plural second-person)
hawaiþ (active imperative plural second-person)
hawānþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
hawānþi (active indicative plural third-person)
hawānþau (active imperative plural third-person)
hawānþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
hawadǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
hawadēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
hawadēz (active indicative second-person singular)
hawadēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
hawadē (active indicative singular third-person)
hawadēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
hawadēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
hawadēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
hawadēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
hawadēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
hawadēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
hawadēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
hawadēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
hawadēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
hawadēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
hawadēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
hawāndz (active participle present)
hawadaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Old Norse: há

Icelandic: há

Norwegian: hå

From Proto-Indo-European *kew-. Cognate Lithuanian kuvḗtis (“to be ashamed”).


hawāną

Proto-West Germanic: *hawēn
Old English: hawian

Old Norse: *há

Norwegian: hå

→ Proto-Finnic: *havait'ak (see there for further descendants)

The verb could also be reconstructed as *hēwijaną, but in view of Latvian kavêt (“to prevent”), *hawāną is more likely. Also cognate with Latin caveo (“to take care, beware”).


rīrāną

rīrō (active first-person indicative singular)
rīraisi (active indicative second-person singular)
rīrai (active imperative second-person singular)
rīrāsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
rīraiþi (active indicative singular third-person)
rīrāþau (active imperative singular third-person)
rīrāþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
rīrōs (active dual first-person indicative)
rīrāþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
rīrāþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
rīrāmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
rīrānþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
rīraiþ (active indicative plural second-person)
rīraiþ (active imperative plural second-person)
rīrānþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
rīrānþi (active indicative plural third-person)
rīrānþau (active imperative plural third-person)
rīrānþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
rīradǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
rīradēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
rīradēz (active indicative second-person singular)
rīradēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
rīradē (active indicative singular third-person)
rīradēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
rīradēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
rīradēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
rīradēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
rīradēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
rīradēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
rīradēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
rīradēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
rīradēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
rīradēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
rīradēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
rīrāndz (active participle present)
rīradaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Gothic: 𐍂𐌴𐌹𐍂𐌰𐌽 (reiran)

Seemingly from the same reduplicated Proto-Indo-European *Hrey-Hroy-e- as Sanskrit लेलायति (lelāyáti, “to quiver, tremble”), from *Hrey-. Further compare Latvian raize (“worry, concern”), rieva (“wrinkle”).


dusāną

dusō (active first-person indicative singular)
dusaisi (active indicative second-person singular)
dusai (active imperative second-person singular)
dusāsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
dusaiþi (active indicative singular third-person)
dusāþau (active imperative singular third-person)
dusāþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
dusōs (active dual first-person indicative)
dusāþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
dusāþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
dusāmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
dusānþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
dusaiþ (active indicative plural second-person)
dusaiþ (active imperative plural second-person)
dusānþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
dusānþi (active indicative plural third-person)
dusānþau (active imperative plural third-person)
dusānþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
dusadǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
dusadēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
dusadēz (active indicative second-person singular)
dusadēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
dusadē (active indicative singular third-person)
dusadēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
dusadēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
dusadēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
dusadēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
dusadēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
dusadēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
dusadēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
dusadēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
dusadēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
dusadēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
dusadēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
dusāndz (active participle present)
dusadaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *dusēn
Old English: *dusian, *dosian (possibly from Old Norse dusa or dúsa)
Middle English: *dosen
English: doze, dose
Old Frisian: dusia
⇒ Old Frisian: dusinge
Old Saxon: *dusian, *dosian
Middle Low German: dusen, dǖsen, dosen, deusen
Low German: dösen, dussen, dusken
→ German: dösen
⇒ Middle Low German: bedǖsen
Low German: bedösen, bedussen
→ German: bedösen
⇒ Middle Low German: dǖsinge
Old High German:
Middle High German: tûzen, dôsen (the last a loan from Low German?)
⇒ Middle High German: verdôsen
⇒ German: bedützen

Old Norse: *dusa, dúsa

Icelandic: dúsa, dusa

Norwegian: duse

From Proto-Indo-European *dʰwes- (“to breathe”).