grōþijaną

grōþijō (active first-person indicative singular)
grōþijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
grōþijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
grōþīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
grōþijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
grōþī (active imperative second-person singular)
grōþijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
grōþijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
grōþīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
grōþijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
grōþijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
grōþijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
grōþijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
grōþijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
grōþijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
grōþijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
grōþijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
grōþijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
grōþijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
grōþijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
grōþijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
grōþijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
grōþīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
grōþijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
grōþīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
grōþijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
grōþijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
grōþijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
grōþijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
grōþijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
grōþijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
grōþijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
grōþidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
grōþidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
grōþidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
grōþidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
grōþidē (active indicative singular third-person)
grōþidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
grōþidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
grōþidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
grōþidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
grōþidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
grōþidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
grōþidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
grōþidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
grōþidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
grōþidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
grōþidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
grōþijandz (active participle present)
grōþidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *grōþijan

Old Norse: grœða

Icelandic: græða

Faroese: grøða

Old Swedish: grø̄þa

Old Danish: *grøthæ

Gothic: *𐌲𐍂𐍉𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌽 (*grōdjan)

From Proto-Indo-European *gʰreh₁- (“to become green, grow”).


hulmijaną

hulmijō (active first-person indicative singular)
hulmijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
hulmijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
hulmīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
hulmijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
hulmī (active imperative second-person singular)
hulmijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
hulmijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
hulmīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
hulmijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
hulmijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
hulmijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
hulmijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
hulmijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
hulmijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
hulmijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
hulmijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
hulmijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
hulmijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
hulmijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
hulmijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
hulmijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
hulmīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
hulmijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
hulmīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
hulmijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
hulmijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
hulmijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
hulmijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
hulmijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
hulmijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
hulmijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
hulmidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
hulmidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
hulmidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
hulmidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
hulmidē (active indicative singular third-person)
hulmidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
hulmidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
hulmidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
hulmidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
hulmidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
hulmidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
hulmidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
hulmidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
hulmidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
hulmidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
hulmidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
hulmijandz (active participle present)
hulmidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

⇒ Proto-West Germanic: *frahulmijan

Old English: forhylman

Old Norse: hylma


hulþijaną

hulþijō (active first-person indicative singular)
hulþijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
hulþijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
hulþīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
hulþijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
hulþī (active imperative second-person singular)
hulþijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
hulþijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
hulþīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
hulþijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
hulþijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
hulþijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
hulþijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
hulþijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
hulþijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
hulþijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
hulþijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
hulþijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
hulþijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
hulþijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
hulþijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
hulþijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
hulþīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
hulþijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
hulþīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
hulþijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
hulþijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
hulþijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
hulþijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
hulþijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
hulþijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
hulþijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
hulþidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
hulþidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
hulþidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
hulþidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
hulþidē (active indicative singular third-person)
hulþidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
hulþidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
hulþidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
hulþidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
hulþidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
hulþidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
hulþidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
hulþidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
hulþidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
hulþidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
hulþidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
hulþijandz (active participle present)
hulþidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *hulþijan
Old Saxon: *hulthian
Middle Low German: hülden, hulden
Old Dutch: *hulthen
Middle Dutch: hulden
Dutch: hulden
Old High German: hulden
Middle High German: hulden, holden

Old Norse: hylla

Icelandic: hylla

Swedish: hylla

Danish: hylde

From *hulþaz (“inclined, favourable”) + *-janą or *hulþô (“friend, trustee”) + *-janą.

suffix

to make into a friend, to court one's friendship


hurnijaną

hurnijō (active first-person indicative singular)
hurnijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
hurnijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
hurnīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
hurnijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
hurnī (active imperative second-person singular)
hurnijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
hurnijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
hurnīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
hurnijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
hurnijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
hurnijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
hurnijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
hurnijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
hurnijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
hurnijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
hurnijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
hurnijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
hurnijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
hurnijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
hurnijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
hurnijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
hurnīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
hurnijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
hurnīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
hurnijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
hurnijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
hurnijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
hurnijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
hurnijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
hurnijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
hurnijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
hurnidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
hurnidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
hurnidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
hurnidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
hurnidē (active indicative singular third-person)
hurnidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
hurnidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
hurnidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
hurnidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
hurnidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
hurnidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
hurnidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
hurnidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
hurnidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
hurnidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
hurnidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
hurnijandz (active participle present)
hurnidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *hurnijan
Old English: hyrnan
Old High German: hurnen
Middle High German: hürnen

Gothic: 𐌷𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌽𐌾𐌰𐌽 (haurnjan)


baitijaną

baitijō (active first-person indicative singular)
baitijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
baitijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
baitīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
baitijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
baitī (active imperative second-person singular)
baitijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
baitijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
baitīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
baitijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
baitijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
baitijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
baitijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
baitijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
baitijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
baitijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
baitijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
baitijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
baitijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
baitijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
baitijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
baitijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
baitīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
baitijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
baitīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
baitijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
baitijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
baitijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
baitijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
baitijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
baitijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
baitijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
baitidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
baitidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
baitidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
baitidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
baitidē (active indicative singular third-person)
baitidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
baitidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
baitidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
baitidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
baitidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
baitidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
baitidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
baitidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
baitidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
baitidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
baitidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
baitijandz (active participle present)
baitidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *baitijan
Old English: bǣtan
Middle English: bayten, bayte, baite, beyton, baiten, beiten, beȝȝtenn
English: bait
Scots: bait
Old Dutch: *bēten
Middle Dutch: bêten
Dutch: beten (obsolete)
Old Saxon: *bētian
⇒ Old Saxon: undbētian
Middle Low German: bêten
Old High German: beizen
Middle High German: beizen
→? Old French: beter

Old Norse: beita

Icelandic: beita

Norwegian:

Norwegian Nynorsk: beita, beite

Norwegian Bokmål: beite

Danish: bede

From *bītaną (“to bite”) + *-janą. The meaning to restrain most likely developed from making horses bite down on a piece of metal connected to the reins that were used to direct the animal.


kukjaną

kukjō (active first-person indicative singular)
kukjaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
kukjai (first-person indicative passive singular)
kukisi (active indicative second-person singular)
kukjais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
kuki (active imperative second-person singular)
kukjasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
kukjaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
kukiþi (active indicative singular third-person)
kukjai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
kukjaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
kukjaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
kukjaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
kukjōs (active dual first-person indicative)
kukjaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
kukjaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
kukjaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
kukjaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
kukjamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
kukjaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
kukjanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
kukjainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
kukiþ (active indicative plural second-person)
kukjaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
kukiþ (active imperative plural second-person)
kukjanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
kukjainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
kukjanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
kukjain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
kukjanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
kukjanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
kukjainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
kukidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
kukidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
kukidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
kukidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
kukidē (active indicative singular third-person)
kukidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
kukidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
kukidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
kukidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
kukidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
kukidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
kukidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
kukidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
kukidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
kukidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
kukidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
kukjandz (active participle present)
kukidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *kukkjan

Old Saxon: *kukkian

Middle Low German: kükken

Low German: kükken

→? Dutch: kukken

Gothic: 𐌺𐌿𐌺𐌾𐌰𐌽 (kukjan)


duljaną

duljō (active first-person indicative singular)
duljaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
duljai (first-person indicative passive singular)
dulisi (active indicative second-person singular)
duljais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
duli (active imperative second-person singular)
duljasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
duljaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
duliþi (active indicative singular third-person)
duljai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
duljaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
duljaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
duljaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
duljōs (active dual first-person indicative)
duljaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
duljaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
duljaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
duljaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
duljamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
duljaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
duljanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
duljainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
duliþ (active indicative plural second-person)
duljaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
duliþ (active imperative plural second-person)
duljanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
duljainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
duljanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
duljain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
duljanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
duljanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
duljainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
dulidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
dulidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
dulidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
dulidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
dulidē (active indicative singular third-person)
dulidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
dulidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
dulidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
dulidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
dulidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
dulidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
dulidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
dulidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
dulidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
dulidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
dulidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
duljandz (active participle present)
dulidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

⇒ Proto-West Germanic: *bidulljan
Old High German: bitullen

Old Norse: dylja

Icelandic: dylja

Norwegian Nynorsk: dølje

Swedish: dölja

Danish: dølge


skiulijaną

skiulijō (active first-person indicative singular)
skiulijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
skiulijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
skiulīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
skiulijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
skiulī (active imperative second-person singular)
skiulijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
skiulijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
skiulīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
skiulijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
skiulijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
skiulijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
skiulijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
skiulijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
skiulijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
skiulijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
skiulijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
skiulijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
skiulijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
skiulijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
skiulijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
skiulijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
skiulīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
skiulijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
skiulīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
skiulijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
skiulijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
skiulijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
skiulijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
skiulijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
skiulijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
skiulijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
skiulidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
skiulidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
skiulidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
skiulidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
skiulidē (active indicative singular third-person)
skiulidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
skiulidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
skiulidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
skiulidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
skiulidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
skiulidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
skiulidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
skiulidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
skiulidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
skiulidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
skiulidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
skiulijandz (active participle present)
skiulidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *skūlijan
⇒ Old Frisian: skūlia (perhaps derived from skūl (“hiding-place”))
Saterland Frisian: sküülje
West Frisian: skûlje
Old Saxon: *skūlian
Middle Low German: schûlen, schulen
German Low German: schulen
Old Dutch: *skūlen
Middle Dutch: sculen
Dutch: schuilen
Old High German: *skūlen
Middle High German: schūlen
German: (archaic) schaulen

Old Norse: skýla

Icelandic: skýla

Swedish: skyla

Danish: skjule

→ Norwegian Bokmål: skjule

Norn: skỳl

*skeulą (“shelter”) + *-ijaną (“verbal suffix”).


skūlijaną

skūlijō (active first-person indicative singular)
skūlijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
skūlijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
skūlīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
skūlijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
skūlī (active imperative second-person singular)
skūlijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
skūlijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
skūlīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
skūlijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
skūlijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
skūlijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
skūlijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
skūlijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
skūlijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
skūlijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
skūlijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
skūlijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
skūlijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
skūlijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
skūlijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
skūlijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
skūlīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
skūlijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
skūlīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
skūlijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
skūlijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
skūlijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
skūlijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
skūlijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
skūlijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
skūlijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
skūlidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
skūlidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
skūlidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
skūlidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
skūlidē (active indicative singular third-person)
skūlidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
skūlidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
skūlidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
skūlidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
skūlidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
skūlidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
skūlidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
skūlidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
skūlidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
skūlidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
skūlidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
skūlijandz (active participle present)
skūlidaz (active participle past subjunctive)


skaljaną

skaljō (active first-person indicative singular)
skaljaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
skaljai (first-person indicative passive singular)
skalisi (active indicative second-person singular)
skaljais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
skali (active imperative second-person singular)
skaljasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
skaljaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
skaliþi (active indicative singular third-person)
skaljai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
skaljaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
skaljaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
skaljaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
skaljōs (active dual first-person indicative)
skaljaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
skaljaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
skaljaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
skaljaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
skaljamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
skaljaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
skaljanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
skaljainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
skaliþ (active indicative plural second-person)
skaljaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
skaliþ (active imperative plural second-person)
skaljanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
skaljainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
skaljanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
skaljain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
skaljanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
skaljanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
skaljainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
skalidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
skalidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
skalidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
skalidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
skalidē (active indicative singular third-person)
skalidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
skalidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
skalidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
skalidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
skalidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
skalidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
skalidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
skalidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
skalidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
skalidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
skalidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
skaljandz (active participle present)
skalidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *skalljan
Old English: *sciellan
⇒ Old English: asciellan
Old Saxon: *skellian
Middle Low German: schellen
Old Dutch: *skellen
Middle Dutch: schellen
Dutch: schillen, schellen
Old High German: schellen
Middle High German: schelen
German: schälen (with a long vowel by analogy with Schale)

Old Norse: skella

Icelandic: skella


hnaigijaną

hnaigijō (active first-person indicative singular)
hnaigijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
hnaigijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
hnaigīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
hnaigijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
hnaigī (active imperative second-person singular)
hnaigijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
hnaigijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
hnaigīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
hnaigijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
hnaigijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
hnaigijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
hnaigijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
hnaigijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
hnaigijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
hnaigijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
hnaigijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
hnaigijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
hnaigijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
hnaigijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
hnaigijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
hnaigijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
hnaigīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
hnaigijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
hnaigīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
hnaigijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
hnaigijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
hnaigijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
hnaigijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
hnaigijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
hnaigijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
hnaigijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
hnaigidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
hnaigidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
hnaigidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
hnaigidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
hnaigidē (active indicative singular third-person)
hnaigidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
hnaigidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
hnaigidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
hnaigidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
hnaigidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
hnaigidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
hnaigidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
hnaigidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
hnaigidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
hnaigidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
hnaigidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
hnaigijandz (active participle present)
hnaigidaz (active participle past subjunctive)
*hnaiwijaną (alternative)

Proto-West Germanic: *hnaigijan
Old English: hnǣġan
Middle English: neighen, neyen, neȝen, neiȝen
English: neigh
Scots: neche, nech, neich
Old Saxon: *hnēgian
Middle Low German: nēgen
⇒ Old Saxon: gihnēgian
Old Dutch: neigen
Middle Dutch: neigen
Dutch: neigen
Limburgish: neige, nèège
Old High German: neigen, hneigen
Middle High German: neigen
German: neigen

Old Norse: hneigja

Icelandic: hneigja

Gothic: 𐌷𐌽𐌰𐌹𐍅𐌾𐌰𐌽 (hnaiwjan)


hnaikijaną

hnaikijō (active first-person indicative singular)
hnaikijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
hnaikijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
hnaikīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
hnaikijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
hnaikī (active imperative second-person singular)
hnaikijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
hnaikijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
hnaikīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
hnaikijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
hnaikijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
hnaikijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
hnaikijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
hnaikijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
hnaikijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
hnaikijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
hnaikijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
hnaikijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
hnaikijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
hnaikijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
hnaikijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
hnaikijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
hnaikīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
hnaikijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
hnaikīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
hnaikijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
hnaikijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
hnaikijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
hnaikijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
hnaikijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
hnaikijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
hnaikijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
hnaikidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
hnaikidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
hnaikidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
hnaikidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
hnaikidē (active indicative singular third-person)
hnaikidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
hnaikidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
hnaikidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
hnaikidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
hnaikidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
hnaikidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
hnaikidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
hnaikidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
hnaikidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
hnaikidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
hnaikidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
hnaikijandz (active participle present)
hnaikidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *hnaikijan
Old English: hnǣcan
Old High German: neihhen

Old Norse: hneikja

Unclear, possibly related to *hnītaną. Could be a causative verb derived from an unattested *hnīkaną.


hliwjaną

hliwjō (active first-person indicative singular)
hliwjaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
hliwjai (first-person indicative passive singular)
hliwisi (active indicative second-person singular)
hliwjais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
hliwi (active imperative second-person singular)
hliwjasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
hliwjaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
hliwiþi (active indicative singular third-person)
hliwjai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
hliwjaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
hliwjaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
hliwjaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
hliwjōs (active dual first-person indicative)
hliwjaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
hliwjaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
hliwjaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
hliwjaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
hliwjamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
hliwjaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
hliwjanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
hliwjainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
hliwiþ (active indicative plural second-person)
hliwjaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
hliwiþ (active imperative plural second-person)
hliwjanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
hliwjainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
hliwjanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
hliwjain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
hliwjanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
hliwjanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
hliwjainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
hliwidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
hliwidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
hliwidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
hliwidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
hliwidē (active indicative singular third-person)
hliwidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
hliwidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
hliwidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
hliwidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
hliwidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
hliwidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
hliwidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
hliwidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
hliwidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
hliwidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
hliwidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
hliwjandz (active participle present)
hliwidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *hliuwjan
Old English: hlýwan

Old Norse: hlýja


hliwjaną

Old Norse: hlýja

Icelandic: hlýja


linhtijaną

linhtijō (active first-person indicative singular)
linhtijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
linhtijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
linhtīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
linhtijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
linhtī (active imperative second-person singular)
linhtijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
linhtijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
linhtīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
linhtijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
linhtijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
linhtijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
linhtijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
linhtijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
linhtijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
linhtijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
linhtijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
linhtijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
linhtijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
linhtijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
linhtijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
linhtijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
linhtīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
linhtijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
linhtīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
linhtijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
linhtijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
linhtijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
linhtijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
linhtijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
linhtijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
linhtijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
linhtidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
linhtidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
linhtidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
linhtidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
linhtidē (active indicative singular third-person)
linhtidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
linhtidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
linhtidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
linhtidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
linhtidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
linhtidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
linhtidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
linhtidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
linhtidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
linhtidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
linhtidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
linhtijandz (active participle present)
linhtidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *lį̄htijan
Old English: līehtan
Middle English: lihten, liȝten, lighten
English: light
Scots: licht
Old Frisian: līchta
West Frisian: lichte
Old Saxon: *līhtian
Middle Low German: lichten
Old Dutch: *līhten
Middle Dutch: lichten
Dutch: lichten
Old High German: līhten
Middle High German: līhten

Old Norse: létta

Icelandic: létta

Norwegian:

Bokmål: lette

Nynorsk: lette, letta

Danish: lette

From *linhtaz (“light, having little weight”) + *-janą.


niuhsijaną

niuhsijō (active first-person indicative singular)
niuhsijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
niuhsijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
niuhsīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
niuhsijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
niuhsī (active imperative second-person singular)
niuhsijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
niuhsijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
niuhsīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
niuhsijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
niuhsijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
niuhsijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
niuhsijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
niuhsijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
niuhsijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
niuhsijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
niuhsijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
niuhsijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
niuhsijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
niuhsijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
niuhsijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
niuhsijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
niuhsīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
niuhsijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
niuhsīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
niuhsijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
niuhsijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
niuhsijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
niuhsijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
niuhsijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
niuhsijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
niuhsijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
niuhsidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
niuhsidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
niuhsidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
niuhsidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
niuhsidē (active indicative singular third-person)
niuhsidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
niuhsidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
niuhsidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
niuhsidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
niuhsidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
niuhsidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
niuhsidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
niuhsidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
niuhsidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
niuhsidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
niuhsidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
niuhsijandz (active participle present)
niuhsidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *niuhsijan
Old English: nēosan
Old Saxon: niusian
Old High German: niusen

Old Norse: nýsa

Gothic: *𐌽𐌹𐌿𐌷𐍃𐌾𐌰𐌽 (*niuhsjan)

⇒ Gothic: 𐌱𐌹𐌽𐌹𐌿𐌷𐍃𐌾𐌰𐌽 (biniuhsjan)

Possibly derived from the same root as *nu (“now”). Possibly related to Proto-Slavic *ňuxati.


naudijaną

naudijō (active first-person indicative singular)
naudijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
naudijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
naudīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
naudijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
naudī (active imperative second-person singular)
naudijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
naudijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
naudīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
naudijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
naudijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
naudijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
naudijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
naudijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
naudijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
naudijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
naudijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
naudijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
naudijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
naudijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
naudijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
naudijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
naudīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
naudijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
naudīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
naudijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
naudijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
naudijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
naudijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
naudijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
naudijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
naudijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
naudidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
naudidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
naudidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
naudidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
naudidē (active indicative singular third-person)
naudidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
naudidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
naudidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
naudidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
naudidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
naudidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
naudidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
naudidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
naudidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
naudidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
naudidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
naudijandz (active participle present)
naudidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *naudijan
Old English: nīedan, nīdan, nȳdan, nēdan
Middle English: neden, nede, niede
English: need
Yola: needeth (preterite)
Old Frisian: nēda
West Frisian: needzje
Old Saxon: nōdian
Middle Low German: nȫden, nôden
Old Dutch: *nōdon
Middle Dutch: nôden
Dutch: noden
→ West Frisian: noadzje
Old High German: nōten
Middle High German: nœten

Old Norse: neyða

Icelandic: neyða

Danish: nøde

Gothic: 𐌽𐌰𐌿𐌸𐌾𐌰𐌽 (nauþjan)


hrēkijaną

hrēkijō (active first-person indicative singular)
hrēkijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
hrēkijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
hrēkīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
hrēkijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
hrēkī (active imperative second-person singular)
hrēkijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
hrēkijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
hrēkīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
hrēkijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
hrēkijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
hrēkijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
hrēkijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
hrēkijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
hrēkijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
hrēkijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
hrēkijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
hrēkijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
hrēkijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
hrēkijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
hrēkijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
hrēkijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
hrēkīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
hrēkijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
hrēkīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
hrēkijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
hrēkijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
hrēkijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
hrēkijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
hrēkijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
hrēkijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
hrēkijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
hrēkidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
hrēkidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
hrēkidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
hrēkidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
hrēkidē (active indicative singular third-person)
hrēkidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
hrēkidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
hrēkidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
hrēkidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
hrēkidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
hrēkidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
hrēkidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
hrēkidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
hrēkidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
hrēkidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
hrēkidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
hrēkijandz (active participle present)
hrēkidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *hrākijan
Old English: hrǣċan
Middle English: hræcen, *rechen
English: retch
⇒ Old English: āhrǣċan
Middle English: arechen

Old Norse: hrækja

Icelandic: hrækja

Norwegian Nynorsk: rækja


fētijaną

fētijō (active first-person indicative singular)
fētijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
fētijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
fētīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
fētijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
fētī (active imperative second-person singular)
fētijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
fētijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
fētīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
fētijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
fētijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
fētijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
fētijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
fētijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
fētijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
fētijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
fētijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
fētijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
fētijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
fētijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
fētijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
fētijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
fētīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
fētijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
fētīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
fētijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
fētijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
fētijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
fētijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
fētijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
fētijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
fētijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
fētidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
fētidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
fētidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
fētidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
fētidē (active indicative singular third-person)
fētidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
fētidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
fētidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
fētidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
fētidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
fētidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
fētidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
fētidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
fētidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
fētidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
fētidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
fētijandz (active participle present)
fētidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *fātijan
Old English: fǣtan

Old Norse: fæta

Gothic: 𐍆𐌴𐍄𐌾𐌰𐌽 (fētjan)

From Proto-Indo-European *ped- (“to walk, stumble, fall”).


skammijaną

skammijō (active first-person indicative singular)
skammijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
skammijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
skammīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
skammijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
skammī (active imperative second-person singular)
skammijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
skammijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
skammīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
skammijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
skammijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
skammijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
skammijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
skammijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
skammijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
skammijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
skammijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
skammijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
skammijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
skammijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
skammijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
skammijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
skammīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
skammijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
skammīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
skammijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
skammijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
skammijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
skammijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
skammijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
skammijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
skammijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
skammidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
skammidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
skammidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
skammidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
skammidē (active indicative singular third-person)
skammidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
skammidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
skammidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
skammidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
skammidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
skammidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
skammidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
skammidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
skammidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
skammidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
skammidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
skammijandz (active participle present)
skammidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *skammijan
Old High German: skemmen

Old Norse: skemma

Icelandic: skemma

From *skammaz (“short, blunt”) + *-janą.


skainijaną

skainijō (active first-person indicative singular)
skainijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
skainijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
skainīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
skainijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
skainī (active imperative second-person singular)
skainijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
skainijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
skainīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
skainijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
skainijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
skainijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
skainijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
skainijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
skainijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
skainijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
skainijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
skainijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
skainijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
skainijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
skainijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
skainijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
skainīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
skainijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
skainīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
skainijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
skainijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
skainijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
skainijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
skainijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
skainijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
skainijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
skainidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
skainidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
skainidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
skainidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
skainidē (active indicative singular third-person)
skainidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
skainidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
skainidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
skainidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
skainidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
skainidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
skainidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
skainidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
skainidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
skainidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
skainidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
skainijandz (active participle present)
skainidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *skainijan
Old English: sċǣnan
Old Frisian: skēnia
⇒ Old High German: irskeinen

Old Norse: skeina
Icelandic: skeina
Norwegian Nynorsk: skeina, skeine

Possibly from Proto-Indo-European *skey- (“to cut, split”), related to *skinō (“piece, shinbone”).


skainijaną

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *skainijan
Old English: sċǣnan
Middle English: shenen
English: sheen
Old Saxon: *skēnian
Middle Low German: schênen
Old Dutch: skēnen, *skeinen
Middle Dutch: scheinen
Old High German: skeinen
Middle High German: scheinen

Possibly from *skīnaną (“to shine”) + *-janą.


skalkijaną

skalkijō (active first-person indicative singular)
skalkijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
skalkijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
skalkīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
skalkijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
skalkī (active imperative second-person singular)
skalkijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
skalkijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
skalkīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
skalkijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
skalkijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
skalkijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
skalkijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
skalkijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
skalkijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
skalkijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
skalkijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
skalkijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
skalkijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
skalkijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
skalkijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
skalkijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
skalkīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
skalkijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
skalkīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
skalkijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
skalkijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
skalkijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
skalkijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
skalkijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
skalkijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
skalkijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
skalkidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
skalkidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
skalkidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
skalkidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
skalkidē (active indicative singular third-person)
skalkidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
skalkidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
skalkidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
skalkidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
skalkidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
skalkidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
skalkidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
skalkidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
skalkidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
skalkidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
skalkidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
skalkijandz (active participle present)
skalkidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

⇒ Proto-West Germanic: *biskalkijan

Old High German: *biskelken

Middle High German: beschelken

Old Norse: skelkja

Icelandic: skelkja


skalbijaną

skalbijō (active first-person indicative singular)
skalbijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
skalbijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
skalbīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
skalbijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
skalbī (active imperative second-person singular)
skalbijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
skalbijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
skalbīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
skalbijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
skalbijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
skalbijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
skalbijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
skalbijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
skalbijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
skalbijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
skalbijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
skalbijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
skalbijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
skalbijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
skalbijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
skalbijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
skalbīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
skalbijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
skalbīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
skalbijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
skalbijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
skalbijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
skalbijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
skalbijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
skalbijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
skalbijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
skalbidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
skalbidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
skalbidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
skalbidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
skalbidē (active indicative singular third-person)
skalbidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
skalbidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
skalbidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
skalbidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
skalbidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
skalbidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
skalbidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
skalbidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
skalbidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
skalbidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
skalbidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
skalbijandz (active participle present)
skalbidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

⇒ Proto-West Germanic: *uʀskalbijan

Old English: āsċielfan

Old Norse: skelfa

Icelandic: skelfa

From *skelbaną (“to shiver, to tremble”) + *-janą (“causative suffix”).


riurijaną

riurijō (active first-person indicative singular)
riurijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
riurijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
riurīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
riurijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
riurī (active imperative second-person singular)
riurijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
riurijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
riurīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
riurijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
riurijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
riurijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
riurijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
riurijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
riurijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
riurijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
riurijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
riurijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
riurijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
riurijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
riurijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
riurijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
riurīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
riurijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
riurīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
riurijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
riurijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
riurijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
riurijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
riurijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
riurijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
riurijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
riuridǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
riuridēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
riuridēz (active indicative second-person singular)
riuridēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
riuridē (active indicative singular third-person)
riuridēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
riuridēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
riuridēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
riuridēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
riuridēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
riuridēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
riuridēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
riuridēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
riuridēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
riuridēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
riuridēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
riurijandz (active participle present)
riuridaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Old Norse: rýra

Icelandic: rýra

Gothic: 𐍂𐌹𐌿𐍂𐌾𐌰𐌽 (riurjan)

From *riuriz (“transient, perishable”) + *-janą.


rīkijaną

rīkijō (active first-person indicative singular)
rīkijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
rīkijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
rīkīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
rīkijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
rīkī (active imperative second-person singular)
rīkijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
rīkijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
rīkīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
rīkijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
rīkijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
rīkijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
rīkijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
rīkijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
rīkijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
rīkijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
rīkijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
rīkijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
rīkijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
rīkijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
rīkijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
rīkijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
rīkīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
rīkijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
rīkīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
rīkijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
rīkijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
rīkijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
rīkijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
rīkijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
rīkijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
rīkijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
rīkidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
rīkidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
rīkidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
rīkidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
rīkidē (active indicative singular third-person)
rīkidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
rīkidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
rīkidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
rīkidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
rīkidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
rīkidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
rīkidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
rīkidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
rīkidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
rīkidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
rīkidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
rīkijandz (active participle present)
rīkidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *rīkijan
Old Saxon: *rīkian
Middle Low German: rîken, rîchen (“to rule, govern”)
Old High German: *rīhhen
Middle High German: rīchen, riechen (“to rule, govern”)
⇒ Old High German: girīhhan (a strong verb, possibly analogical)

Old Norse: ríkja

Icelandic: ríkja

→ Middle English: riken (“to reign”)

From *rīkijaz (“rulership, kingdom”) + *-janą.


raitijaną

raitijō (active first-person indicative singular)
raitijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
raitijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
raitīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
raitijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
raitī (active imperative second-person singular)
raitijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
raitijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
raitīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
raitijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
raitijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
raitijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
raitijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
raitijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
raitijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
raitijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
raitijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
raitijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
raitijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
raitijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
raitijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
raitijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
raitīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
raitijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
raitīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
raitijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
raitijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
raitijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
raitijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
raitijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
raitijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
raitijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
raitidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
raitidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
raitidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
raitidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
raitidē (active indicative singular third-person)
raitidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
raitidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
raitidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
raitidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
raitidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
raitidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
raitidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
raitidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
raitidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
raitidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
raitidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
raitijandz (active participle present)
raitidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *raitijan

Old High German: reizen

Middle High German: reizen

German: reizen

desctree

Old Norse: reita
Icelandic: reita
Faroese: reita
Norwegian Nynorsk: reita, reite
Old Swedish: reta
Swedish: reta

Causative-iterative form of *wrītan (“to scratch, write”).


sēlijaną

sēlijō (active first-person indicative singular)
sēlijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
sēlijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
sēlīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
sēlijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
sēlī (active imperative second-person singular)
sēlijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
sēlijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
sēlīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
sēlijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
sēlijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
sēlijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
sēlijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
sēlijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
sēlijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
sēlijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
sēlijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
sēlijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
sēlijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
sēlijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
sēlijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
sēlijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
sēlīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
sēlijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
sēlīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
sēlijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
sēlijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
sēlijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
sēlijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
sēlijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
sēlijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
sēlijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
sēlidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
sēlidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
sēlidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
sēlidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
sēlidē (active indicative singular third-person)
sēlidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
sēlidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
sēlidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
sēlidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
sēlidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
sēlidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
sēlidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
sēlidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
sēlidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
sēlidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
sēlidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
sēlijandz (active participle present)
sēlidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *sālijan
Old English: sǣlan

Old Norse: sæla

Icelandic: sæla

From *sēliz (“good, fortunate”) + *-janą.


drauzijaną

drauzijō (active first-person indicative singular)
drauzijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
drauzijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
drauzīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
drauzijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
drauzī (active imperative second-person singular)
drauzijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
drauzijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
drauzīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
drauzijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
drauzijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
drauzijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
drauzijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
drauzijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
drauzijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
drauzijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
drauzijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
drauzijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
drauzijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
drauzijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
drauzijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
drauzijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
drauzīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
drauzijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
drauzīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
drauzijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
drauzijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
drauzijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
drauzijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
drauzijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
drauzijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
drauzijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
drauzidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
drauzidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
drauzidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
drauzidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
drauzidē (active indicative singular third-person)
drauzidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
drauzidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
drauzidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
drauzidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
drauzidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
drauzidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
drauzidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
drauzidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
drauzidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
drauzidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
drauzidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
drauzijandz (active participle present)
drauzidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *drauʀijan
Old High German: trōren

>? Old Norse: dreyra

>? Icelandic: dreyra

Norwegian Bokmål: drysse

⇒ Gothic: 𐌲𐌰𐌳𐍂𐌰𐌿𐍃𐌾𐌰𐌽 (gadrausjan)


dunjaną

dunjō (active first-person indicative singular)
dunjaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
dunjai (first-person indicative passive singular)
dunisi (active indicative second-person singular)
dunjais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
duni (active imperative second-person singular)
dunjasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
dunjaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
duniþi (active indicative singular third-person)
dunjai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
dunjaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
dunjaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
dunjaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
dunjōs (active dual first-person indicative)
dunjaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
dunjaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
dunjaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
dunjaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
dunjamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
dunjaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
dunjanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
dunjainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
duniþ (active indicative plural second-person)
dunjaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
duniþ (active imperative plural second-person)
dunjanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
dunjainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
dunjanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
dunjain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
dunjanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
dunjanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
dunjainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
dunidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
dunidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
dunidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
dunidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
dunidē (active indicative singular third-person)
dunidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
dunidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
dunidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
dunidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
dunidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
dunidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
dunidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
dunidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
dunidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
dunidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
dunidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
dunjandz (active participle present)
dunidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *dunnjan
Old English: dynnan, dynian
Middle English: dynen, dyne, dinen
English: dine
Scots: dine
Old Saxon: dunnian
Middle Low German: *dönnen, dȫnen
Old High German: *tunnen, *tunen
Middle High German: dunen, dünen
German: dünen (archaic)

Old Norse: dynja

Icelandic: dynja

Bokmål: dynje

Nynorsk: dynje, dynja


duttijaną

duttijō (active first-person indicative singular)
duttijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
duttijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
duttīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
duttijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
duttī (active imperative second-person singular)
duttijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
duttijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
duttīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
duttijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
duttijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
duttijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
duttijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
duttijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
duttijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
duttijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
duttijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
duttijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
duttijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
duttijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
duttijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
duttijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
duttīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
duttijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
duttīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
duttijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
duttijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
duttijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
duttijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
duttijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
duttijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
duttijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
duttidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
duttidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
duttidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
duttidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
duttidē (active indicative singular third-person)
duttidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
duttidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
duttidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
duttidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
duttidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
duttidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
duttidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
duttidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
duttidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
duttidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
duttidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
duttijandz (active participle present)
duttidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *duttijan
Old English: dyttan
Middle English: ditten
English: dit

Old Norse: dytta

Icelandic: dytta

From *duttaz (“wisp, bundle, clod”) + *-janą.


faþmijaną

faþmijō (active first-person indicative singular)
faþmijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
faþmijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
faþmīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
faþmijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
faþmī (active imperative second-person singular)
faþmijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
faþmijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
faþmīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
faþmijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
faþmijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
faþmijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
faþmijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
faþmijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
faþmijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
faþmijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
faþmijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
faþmijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
faþmijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
faþmijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
faþmijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
faþmijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
faþmīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
faþmijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
faþmīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
faþmijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
faþmijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
faþmijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
faþmijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
faþmijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
faþmijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
faþmijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
faþmidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
faþmidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
faþmidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
faþmidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
faþmidē (active indicative singular third-person)
faþmidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
faþmidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
faþmidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
faþmidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
faþmidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
faþmidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
faþmidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
faþmidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
faþmidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
faþmidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
faþmidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
faþmijandz (active participle present)
faþmidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *faþmijan
Old Saxon: *fethmian
Middle Low German: vedemen
Old Dutch: *fethmen
Middle Dutch: vedemen
Old High German: *fadimen
⇒ Old High German: gifadimen

Old Norse: feðma

Icelandic: feðma

Norwegian Nynorsk: femna

From *faþmaz (“fathom, outstretched arms”) + *-janą.

suffix

to fathom, to measure with outstretched arms


faþmōną

faþmō (active first-person indicative singular)
faþmǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
faþmōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
faþmōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
faþmōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
faþmō (active imperative second-person singular)
faþmōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
faþmōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
faþmōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
faþmō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
faþmōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
faþmōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
faþmōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
faþmōs (active dual first-person indicative)
faþmōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
faþmōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
faþmōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
faþmōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
faþmōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
faþmōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
faþmōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
faþmōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
faþmōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
faþmōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
faþmōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
faþmōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
faþmōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
faþmōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
faþmōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
faþmōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
faþmōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
faþmōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
faþmōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
faþmōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
faþmōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
faþmōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
faþmōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
faþmōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
faþmōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
faþmōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
faþmōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
faþmōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
faþmōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
faþmōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
faþmōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
faþmōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
faþmōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
faþmōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
faþmōndz (active participle present)
faþmōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *faþmōn
Old English: fæðmian
Middle English: fathmen, fadmen
English: fathom
Old Frisian: *fethmia
West Frisian: fiemje
Old Saxon: *fathmōn
Middle Low German: vādemen
Old Dutch: *fathmon
Middle Dutch: vādemen
Dutch: vademen
Old High German: fadamōn, fadumōn

Old Norse: faðma

Icelandic: faðma

Norwegian:

Bokmål: favne

Nynorsk: famne, famna

Swedish: famna

Danish: favne

/ˈɸɑθ.mɔː.nɑ̃/

From *faþmaz (“fathom, outstretched arms”) + *-ōną.


galdijaną

galdijō (active first-person indicative singular)
galdijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
galdijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
galdīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
galdijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
galdī (active imperative second-person singular)
galdijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
galdijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
galdīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
galdijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
galdijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
galdijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
galdijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
galdijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
galdijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
galdijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
galdijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
galdijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
galdijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
galdijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
galdijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
galdijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
galdīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
galdijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
galdīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
galdijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
galdijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
galdijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
galdijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
galdijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
galdijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
galdijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
galdidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
galdidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
galdidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
galdidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
galdidē (active indicative singular third-person)
galdidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
galdidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
galdidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
galdidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
galdidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
galdidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
galdidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
galdidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
galdidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
galdidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
galdidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
galdijandz (active participle present)
galdidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

>? Proto-West Germanic: *galtijan
Old Saxon: *geltian
Middle Low German: gelten
Old Dutch: *gelten
Middle Dutch: *gelten
Dutch: gelten
Old High German: *gelzen
Middle High German: gelzen
German: gelzen
 (unclear why West Germanic descendants have a 't')

Old Norse: gelda

Icelandic: gelda

Faroese: gelda

Danish: gilde

Swedish: gälda, gälla

→ Middle English: gelden

English: geld

Scots: geld

→ Proto-Samic: *kāltëjëtēk (see there for further descendants)

From *galdijaz (“barren, fruitless, castrated”) + *-janą (“factitive suffix”). Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *gʰel- (“to cut”).


graupijaną

graupijō (active first-person indicative singular)
graupijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
graupijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
graupīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
graupijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
graupī (active imperative second-person singular)
graupijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
graupijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
graupīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
graupijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
graupijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
graupijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
graupijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
graupijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
graupijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
graupijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
graupijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
graupijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
graupijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
graupijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
graupijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
graupijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
graupīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
graupijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
graupīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
graupijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
graupijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
graupijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
graupijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
graupijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
graupijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
graupijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
graupidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
graupidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
graupidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
graupidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
graupidē (active indicative singular third-person)
graupidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
graupidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
graupidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
graupidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
graupidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
graupidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
graupidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
graupidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
graupidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
graupidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
graupidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
graupijandz (active participle present)
graupidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *graupijan
Old Saxon: *grōpian
Middle Low German: grȫpen, grōpen

Old Norse: greypa

Icelandic: greypa

Norwegian Nynorsk: grøypa

From *greupaną (“to cut up, grind”) + *-janą.


spanjaną

spanjō (active first-person indicative singular)
spanjaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
spanjai (first-person indicative passive singular)
spanisi (active indicative second-person singular)
spanjais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
spani (active imperative second-person singular)
spanjasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
spanjaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
spaniþi (active indicative singular third-person)
spanjai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
spanjaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
spanjaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
spanjaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
spanjōs (active dual first-person indicative)
spanjaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
spanjaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
spanjaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
spanjaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
spanjamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
spanjaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
spanjanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
spanjainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
spaniþ (active indicative plural second-person)
spanjaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
spaniþ (active imperative plural second-person)
spanjanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
spanjainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
spanjanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
spanjain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
spanjanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
spanjanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
spanjainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
spanidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
spanidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
spanidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
spanidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
spanidē (active indicative singular third-person)
spanidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
spanidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
spanidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
spanidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
spanidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
spanidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
spanidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
spanidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
spanidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
spanidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
spanidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
spanjandz (active participle present)
spanidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *spannjan

Old English: *spennan

Old High German: spennen

Old Norse: spenja

Icelandic: spenja