bakkōną

bakkō (active first-person indicative singular)
bakkǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
bakkōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
bakkōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
bakkōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
bakkō (active imperative second-person singular)
bakkōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
bakkōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
bakkōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
bakkō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
bakkōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
bakkōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
bakkōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
bakkōs (active dual first-person indicative)
bakkōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
bakkōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
bakkōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
bakkōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
bakkōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
bakkōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
bakkōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
bakkōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
bakkōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
bakkōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
bakkōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
bakkōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
bakkōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
bakkōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
bakkōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
bakkōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
bakkōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
bakkōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
bakkōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
bakkōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
bakkōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
bakkōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
bakkōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
bakkōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
bakkōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
bakkōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
bakkōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
bakkōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
bakkōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
bakkōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
bakkōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
bakkōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
bakkōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
bakkōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
bakkōndz (active participle present)
bakkōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *bakkōn

Old Saxon: *bakkōn

Middle Low German: backen (weak verb)

German Low German: backen

desctree

Old Dutch: *baccon
Middle Dutch: backen (weak verb)
Dutch: bakken
Afrikaans: bak
Berbice Creole Dutch: baki
Negerhollands: bak
→? Aukan: baka
→ Caribbean Hindustani: báká kare
→? Saramaccan: báka
→? Sranan Tongo: baka

Old High German: backōn

Middle High German: backen

German: backen (the weak conjugation)

Old Norse: baka

Icelandic: baka

Faroese: baka

Elfdalian: båkå

From earlier paradigm *bakkōþi ~ *bakunanþi, from pre-Proto-Germanic *bʰəg-nā́-ti ~ *bʰəg-un-ánti, iterative to *bakaną (“to bake”).


brukkōną

brukkō (active first-person indicative singular)
brukkǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
brukkōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
brukkōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
brukkōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
brukkō (active imperative second-person singular)
brukkōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
brukkōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
brukkōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
brukkō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
brukkōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
brukkōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
brukkōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
brukkōs (active dual first-person indicative)
brukkōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
brukkōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
brukkōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
brukkōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
brukkōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
brukkōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
brukkōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
brukkōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
brukkōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
brukkōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
brukkōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
brukkōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
brukkōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
brukkōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
brukkōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
brukkōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
brukkōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
brukkōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
brukkōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
brukkōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
brukkōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
brukkōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
brukkōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
brukkōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
brukkōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
brukkōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
brukkōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
brukkōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
brukkōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
brukkōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
brukkōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
brukkōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
brukkōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
brukkōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
brukkōndz (active participle present)
brukkōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *brokkōn
Old English: brocian
Old Dutch: *brocken, *broken
Middle Dutch: brocken, brōken
Dutch: brokken, broken
Old High German: brohhōn, brokkōn
Middle High German: brocken
⇒ Middle High German: erbrochen

Old Norse: *broka

Norwegian: broka

From earlier paradigm *brukkōþi ~ *brukunanþi, from pre-Proto-Germanic *bʰrug-nā́-ti ~ *bʰrug-un-ánti, iterative to *brekaną (“to break”). Possible parallel formation with Latin frangō (“to break”).


flukkōną

flukkō (active first-person indicative singular)
flukkǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
flukkōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
flukkōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
flukkōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
flukkō (active imperative second-person singular)
flukkōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
flukkōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
flukkōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
flukkō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
flukkōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
flukkōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
flukkōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
flukkōs (active dual first-person indicative)
flukkōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
flukkōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
flukkōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
flukkōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
flukkōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
flukkōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
flukkōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
flukkōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
flukkōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
flukkōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
flukkōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
flukkōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
flukkōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
flukkōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
flukkōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
flukkōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
flukkōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
flukkōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
flukkōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
flukkōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
flukkōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
flukkōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
flukkōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
flukkōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
flukkōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
flukkōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
flukkōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
flukkōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
flukkōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
flukkōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
flukkōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
flukkōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
flukkōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
flukkōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
flukkōndz (active participle present)
flukkōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *flukkōn, *flokkōn

Middle Dutch: flogen

Old High German: *flockōn

Middle High German: vlocken

German: flocken (obsolete?)

From earlier paradigm *flukkōþi ~ *flugunanþi, from pre-Proto-Germanic *pluk-nā́-ti ~ *pluk-un-ánti, iterative to *fleuganą (“to fly”).


wiskijaną

wiskijō (active first-person indicative singular)
wiskijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
wiskijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
wiskīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
wiskijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
wiskī (active imperative second-person singular)
wiskijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
wiskijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
wiskīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
wiskijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
wiskijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
wiskijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
wiskijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
wiskijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
wiskijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
wiskijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
wiskijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
wiskijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
wiskijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
wiskijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
wiskijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
wiskijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
wiskīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
wiskijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
wiskīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
wiskijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
wiskijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
wiskijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
wiskijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
wiskijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
wiskijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
wiskijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
wiskidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
wiskidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
wiskidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
wiskidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
wiskidē (active indicative singular third-person)
wiskidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
wiskidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
wiskidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
wiskidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
wiskidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
wiskidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
wiskidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
wiskidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
wiskidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
wiskidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
wiskidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
wiskijandz (active participle present)
wiskidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Old Saxon: *wiskian

Middle Low German: wischen

desctree

Old Dutch: *wisken
Middle Dutch: wisschen
Dutch: wissen
Limburgish: wösje

Old High German: wisken

Bavarian: wischn

German: wischen

→ Esperanto: viŝi

Yiddish: ווישן (vishn)

Old Norse: *viska (or possibly the descendants are loaned from West Germanic)

Icelandic: viska

Faroese: viska

Swedish: viska

Danish: viske

→? Proto-Finnic: *pühkidäk

From *wiskaz (“bundle of hay/straw, wisp”) + *-janą.


mittōną

mittō (active first-person indicative singular)
mittǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
mittōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
mittōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
mittōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
mittō (active imperative second-person singular)
mittōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
mittōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
mittōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
mittō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
mittōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
mittōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
mittōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
mittōs (active dual first-person indicative)
mittōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
mittōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
mittōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
mittōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
mittōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
mittōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
mittōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
mittōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
mittōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
mittōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
mittōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
mittōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
mittōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
mittōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
mittōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
mittōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
mittōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
mittōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
mittōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
mittōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
mittōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
mittōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
mittōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
mittōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
mittōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
mittōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
mittōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
mittōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
mittōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
mittōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
mittōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
mittōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
mittōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
mittōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
mittōndz (active participle present)
mittōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Old High German: *metzōn

Middle High German: metzen

Norwegian: mita

From Pre-Germanic *mitnéh₂-, a zero-grade iterative to *maitaną (“to cut”).


smittōną

smittō (active first-person indicative singular)
smittǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
smittōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
smittōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
smittōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
smittō (active imperative second-person singular)
smittōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
smittōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
smittōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
smittō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
smittōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
smittōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
smittōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
smittōs (active dual first-person indicative)
smittōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
smittōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
smittōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
smittōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
smittōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
smittōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
smittōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
smittōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
smittōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
smittōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
smittōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
smittōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
smittōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
smittōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
smittōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
smittōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
smittōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
smittōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
smittōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
smittōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
smittōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
smittōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
smittōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
smittōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
smittōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
smittōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
smittōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
smittōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
smittōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
smittōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
smittōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
smittōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
smittōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
smittōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
smittōndz (active participle present)
smittōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Old High German: *smizzōn

Middle High German: smitzen

German: schmitzen

Old Norse: *smitta, *smita

Elfdalian: smitå

Old Swedish: smita

From Pre-Germanic *smidnéh₂-, a zero-grade iterative to *smītaną (“to strike”).


smittōną

smittō (active first-person indicative singular)
smittǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
smittōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
smittōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
smittōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
smittō (active imperative second-person singular)
smittōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
smittōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
smittōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
smittō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
smittōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
smittōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
smittōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
smittōs (active dual first-person indicative)
smittōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
smittōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
smittōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
smittōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
smittōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
smittōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
smittōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
smittōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
smittōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
smittōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
smittōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
smittōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
smittōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
smittōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
smittōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
smittōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
smittōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
smittōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
smittōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
smittōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
smittōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
smittōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
smittōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
smittōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
smittōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
smittōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
smittōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
smittōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
smittōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
smittōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
smittōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
smittōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
smittōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
smittōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
smittōndz (active participle present)
smittōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)
*smitjōną (alternative)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *smittōn, *smittjōn
Old English: smittian
Middle English: smitten
English: smit
Scots: smit
Old Frisian: *smittia, smitta
Old Saxon: *smittōn
Middle Low German: smitten, smetten
→ Swedish: smitta
Old Dutch: *smitton
Middle Dutch: smitten, smetten
Dutch: smetten
Old High German: *smizzōn
Middle High German: smitzen
German: schmitzen

Old Norse: *smita

Norwegian: smita

Elfdalian: smitå

Old Swedish: smita

Swedish: smeta

Derived from *smittǭ (“stain, smear”) + *-ōną; see *smītaną (“to smear, stain, dirty”). Alternatively from *smitiz (“stain”). Either way, from the same origin as the "strike" sense of Etymology 1.


bullōną

bullō (active first-person indicative singular)
bullǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
bullōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
bullōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
bullōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
bullō (active imperative second-person singular)
bullōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
bullōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
bullōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
bullō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
bullōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
bullōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
bullōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
bullōs (active dual first-person indicative)
bullōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
bullōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
bullōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
bullōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
bullōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
bullōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
bullōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
bullōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
bullōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
bullōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
bullōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
bullōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
bullōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
bullōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
bullōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
bullōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
bullōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
bullōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
bullōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
bullōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
bullōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
bullōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
bullōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
bullōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
bullōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
bullōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
bullōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
bullōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
bullōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
bullōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
bullōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
bullōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
bullōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
bullōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
bullōndz (active participle present)
bullōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Old Saxon: *bullōn

Middle Low German: bullen

Old Dutch: *bullon

Middle Dutch: bullen

Dutch: bullen

Old High German: bullōn

Middle High German: bullen, büllen

German: büllen

Old Norse: bulla

Icelandic: bulla

Faroese: bulla

Norwegian Nynorsk: bulla

From earlier paradigm *bullōþi ~ *bulunanþi, from pre-Proto-Germanic *bʰul-nā́-ti ~ *bʰul-un-ánti, iterative from Proto-Indo-European *bʰel- (“to sound, roar”).


sukkōną

sukkō (active first-person indicative singular)
sukkǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
sukkōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
sukkōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
sukkōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
sukkō (active imperative second-person singular)
sukkōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
sukkōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
sukkōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
sukkō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
sukkōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
sukkōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
sukkōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
sukkōs (active dual first-person indicative)
sukkōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
sukkōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
sukkōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
sukkōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
sukkōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
sukkōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
sukkōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
sukkōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
sukkōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
sukkōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
sukkōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
sukkōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
sukkōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
sukkōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
sukkōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
sukkōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
sukkōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
sukkōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
sukkōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
sukkōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
sukkōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
sukkōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
sukkōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
sukkōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
sukkōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
sukkōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
sukkōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
sukkōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
sukkōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
sukkōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
sukkōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
sukkōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
sukkōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
sukkōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
sukkōndz (active participle present)
sukkōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Old English: socian

English: soak

German: sucken (dialectal)

From Pre-Germanic *suḱnéh₂-, a zero-grade iterative to Proto-Indo-European *sewḱ- (“to suck”). The verb(s) *sūkaną/*sūganą ("to suck") very likely represent a back-formation from the iterative, as the expected outcome from inheritance would be *seuhaną. Cognates include Latin sūgō (“to suck”) and sūcus (“juice”), Latvian sùkt (“to suck”), Proto-Slavic *sъsàti (“idem”). The relation of *sewḱ- to *sewH- (“to pour, press out; moisture”) (whence Sanskrit सु (su, “to press out, extract”)), if any, is unclear.


hnappōną

hnappō (active first-person indicative singular)
hnappǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
hnappōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
hnappōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
hnappōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
hnappō (active imperative second-person singular)
hnappōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
hnappōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
hnappōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
hnappō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
hnappōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
hnappōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
hnappōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
hnappōs (active dual first-person indicative)
hnappōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
hnappōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
hnappōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
hnappōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
hnappōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
hnappōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
hnappōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
hnappōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
hnappōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
hnappōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
hnappōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
hnappōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
hnappōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
hnappōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
hnappōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
hnappōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
hnappōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
hnappōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
hnappōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
hnappōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
hnappōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
hnappōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
hnappōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
hnappōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
hnappōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
hnappōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
hnappōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
hnappōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
hnappōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
hnappōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
hnappōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
hnappōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
hnappōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
hnappōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
hnappōndz (active participle present)
hnappōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *hnappōn

Old English: hnappian

Middle English: nappen

English: nap, nab

Old High German: hnaffezan, hnaffezzan

Middle High German: nafzen

German: napfezen, nafzen (dialectal)

Old Norse: *hnappa

Norwegian: nappe (dialectal)

Norwegian Bokmål: nappe (dialectal)

Old Swedish: nappa

Swedish: nappa

→ Finnic:

Estonian: nappama (dialectal)

Finnish: napata

Ingrian: napata

Karelian: ńapata

From Pre-Germanic *knobʰnéh₂-, an o-grade iterative to Proto-Indo-European *knebʰ- (“to pick”). Related to Lithuanian knabt (“to peck”).


hluppōną

hluppō (active first-person indicative singular)
hluppǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
hluppōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
hluppōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
hluppōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
hluppō (active imperative second-person singular)
hluppōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
hluppōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
hluppōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
hluppō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
hluppōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
hluppōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
hluppōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
hluppōs (active dual first-person indicative)
hluppōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
hluppōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
hluppōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
hluppōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
hluppōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
hluppōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
hluppōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
hluppōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
hluppōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
hluppōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
hluppōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
hluppōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
hluppōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
hluppōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
hluppōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
hluppōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
hluppōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
hluppōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
hluppōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
hluppōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
hluppōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
hluppōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
hluppōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
hluppōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
hluppōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
hluppōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
hluppōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
hluppōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
hluppōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
hluppōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
hluppōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
hluppōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
hluppōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
hluppōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
hluppōndz (active participle present)
hluppōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *hloppōn
>? Old English: *hlopian
>? Middle English: lopen (usually adduced from loup, but can continue *hlupōną as well)
>? English: lope
Old Saxon: *loppon
Middle Low German: loppen
Old Dutch: *loppon
Middle Dutch: loppen
Old High German: loffōn

From earlier paradigm *hluppōþi ~ *hlubunanþi, from pre-Proto-Germanic *klub-nā́-ti ~ *klub-un-ánti, from Proto-Indo-European *klewb- (“to stumble; to hop”), iterative to *hlaupaną (“to leap, jump”). Cognate with Latvian klupinât (“to keep stumbling”).


hukkōną

hukkō (active first-person indicative singular)
hukkǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
hukkōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
hukkōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
hukkōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
hukkō (active imperative second-person singular)
hukkōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
hukkōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
hukkōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
hukkō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
hukkōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
hukkōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
hukkōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
hukkōs (active dual first-person indicative)
hukkōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
hukkōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
hukkōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
hukkōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
hukkōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
hukkōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
hukkōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
hukkōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
hukkōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
hukkōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
hukkōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
hukkōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
hukkōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
hukkōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
hukkōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
hukkōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
hukkōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
hukkōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
hukkōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
hukkōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
hukkōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
hukkōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
hukkōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
hukkōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
hukkōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
hukkōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
hukkōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
hukkōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
hukkōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
hukkōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
hukkōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
hukkōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
hukkōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
hukkōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
hukkōndz (active participle present)
hukkōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

German: hocken

Old Norse: hoka

Icelandic: hoka

From Pre-Germanic *kuk-néh₂-, a zero-grade iterative to Proto-Indo-European *kewk- (“to bend, curve, elevate”). The strong verb *hūkaną was likely back-formed from the iterative. Related to Sanskrit कुचति (kucáti, “to make crooked”), Lithuanian kaũkas (“lump”), Proto-Slavic *kukati ~ Proto-Slavic *kučati (“to squat”).


happōną

happō (active first-person indicative singular)
happǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
happōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
happōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
happōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
happō (active imperative second-person singular)
happōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
happōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
happōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
happō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
happōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
happōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
happōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
happōs (active dual first-person indicative)
happōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
happōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
happōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
happōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
happōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
happōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
happōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
happōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
happōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
happōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
happōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
happōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
happōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
happōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
happōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
happōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
happōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
happōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
happōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
happōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
happōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
happōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
happōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
happōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
happōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
happōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
happōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
happōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
happōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
happōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
happōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
happōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
happōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
happōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
happōndz (active participle present)
happōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *happōn, *habbōn

Old Dutch:

Middle Dutch:

Dutch: happen, habben (early modern)

From pre-Germanic *kh₂pnéh₂-, a zero-grade iterative to *habjaną (“to have”).


happōną

Old Norse: *happa, *habba

Swedish: happa, habba (dialectal)

From pre-Germanic *kobʰnéh₂- an o-grade iterative to Proto-Indo-European *kobʰ- (“to succeed”). Probably related to Old Irish cob (“victory”), Old Church Slavonic кобь (kobĭ, “fate”).


prikkōną

prikkō (active first-person indicative singular)
prikkǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
prikkōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
prikkōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
prikkōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
prikkō (active imperative second-person singular)
prikkōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
prikkōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
prikkōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
prikkō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
prikkōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
prikkōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
prikkōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
prikkōs (active dual first-person indicative)
prikkōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
prikkōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
prikkōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
prikkōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
prikkōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
prikkōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
prikkōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
prikkōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
prikkōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
prikkōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
prikkōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
prikkōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
prikkōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
prikkōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
prikkōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
prikkōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
prikkōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
prikkōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
prikkōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
prikkōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
prikkōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
prikkōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
prikkōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
prikkōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
prikkōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
prikkōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
prikkōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
prikkōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
prikkōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
prikkōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
prikkōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
prikkōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
prikkōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
prikkōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
prikkōndz (active participle present)
prikkōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Old English: prician

Middle English: priken, prikien

English: prick

Middle Low German: pricken

Dutch: prikken

Middle High German: pfrecken

Probably from Pre-Germanic *bri(g/ǵ)néh₂-, though very likely not of Proto-Indo-European origin. Possibly onomatopoeic.


plukkōną

plukkō (active first-person indicative singular)
plukkǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
plukkōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
plukkōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
plukkōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
plukkō (active imperative second-person singular)
plukkōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
plukkōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
plukkōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
plukkō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
plukkōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
plukkōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
plukkōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
plukkōs (active dual first-person indicative)
plukkōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
plukkōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
plukkōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
plukkōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
plukkōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
plukkōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
plukkōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
plukkōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
plukkōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
plukkōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
plukkōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
plukkōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
plukkōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
plukkōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
plukkōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
plukkōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
plukkōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
plukkōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
plukkōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
plukkōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
plukkōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
plukkōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
plukkōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
plukkōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
plukkōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
plukkōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
plukkōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
plukkōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
plukkōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
plukkōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
plukkōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
plukkōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
plukkōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
plukkōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
plukkōndz (active participle present)
plukkōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *plukkōn

Old English: ploccian, pluccian

desctree

Middle English: plukken, ploke, plokke, plucke, pluk, pluke, plukke, plukkyn
English: pluck
Scots: pluck

Old Frisian: *plokkia

Saterland Frisian: plukje

West Frisian: ploaitsje, plôkje

⇒ Old Frisian: hērplokkia

Old Saxon: *plukkōn

Middle Low German: plucken, plocken

Old Dutch: *plukkon

Middle Dutch: plocken

West Flemish: plokken

Old High German: phlockōn

Middle High German: pflocken

German: pflocken (obsolete)

Hunsrik: plicke

Luxembourgish: plécken

Rhine Franconian: plicke, plocke

Old Norse: plukka, plokka (possibly borrowed from Low German)

Icelandic: plokka

Norwegian: plukke

Swedish: plocka

Danish: plukke

Possibly represents a Pre-Germanic *blu(gʰ/ǵʰ)néh₂-, with Kroonen leaving the origin open. Alternatively, borrowed from Vulgar Latin *pilūc(i)cāre, but the historical evidence is shaky.

bor+

Akademie-Verlag
Berlin
Brill Publishers
Wolfgang Pfeifer (etymologist)


rippōną

rippō (active first-person indicative singular)
rippǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
rippōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
rippōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
rippōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
rippō (active imperative second-person singular)
rippōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
rippōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
rippōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
rippō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
rippōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
rippōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
rippōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
rippōs (active dual first-person indicative)
rippōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
rippōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
rippōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
rippōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
rippōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
rippōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
rippōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
rippōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
rippōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
rippōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
rippōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
rippōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
rippōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
rippōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
rippōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
rippōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
rippōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
rippōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
rippōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
rippōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
rippōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
rippōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
rippōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
rippōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
rippōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
rippōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
rippōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
rippōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
rippōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
rippōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
rippōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
rippōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
rippōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
rippōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
rippōndz (active participle present)
rippōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Old Dutch:

Middle Dutch: repen

Dutch: reppen (early modern), rippen

Old High German:

Middle High German: reffen

Rhine Franconian: reffe

Old Norse: *ripa

Faroese: ripa

Norwegian: ripe

From Pre-Germanic *Hripnéh₂-, a zero-grade iterative to *rīfaną/*rīpaną (“to tear”).


suppōną

suppō (active first-person indicative singular)
suppǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
suppōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
suppōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
suppōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
suppō (active imperative second-person singular)
suppōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
suppōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
suppōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
suppō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
suppōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
suppōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
suppōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
suppōs (active dual first-person indicative)
suppōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
suppōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
suppōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
suppōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
suppōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
suppōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
suppōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
suppōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
suppōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
suppōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
suppōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
suppōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
suppōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
suppōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
suppōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
suppōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
suppōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
suppōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
suppōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
suppōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
suppōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
suppōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
suppōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
suppōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
suppōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
suppōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
suppōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
suppōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
suppōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
suppōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
suppōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
suppōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
suppōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
suppōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
suppōndz (active participle present)
suppōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *soppōn
Old English: soppian
Middle English: soppen
English: sop
Old Frisian: *sopja
West Frisian: sopje
Old Dutch: *soppon
Middle Dutch: soppen
Dutch: soppen
⇒ Middle Dutch: sopperen
Old High German: soffōn, sofōn

Icelandic: subba (“to soil”)

Norwegian: subba (“to dabble”)

Gothic: 𐍃𐌿𐍀𐍉𐌽 (supōn)

Kroonen reconstructs the Pre-Germanic form as *su(H)ph₃néh₂-, with dissimilation of the first laryngeal, a compound of Proto-Indo-European *sewH- (“to pour; moisture, rain, juice”) + *peh₃- (“to drink”). The strong verb *sūpaną (“to guzzle, soak”) was likely back-formed from the iterative. Related to Sanskrit सूप (sūpa, “soup, broth”), as well as Hittite [script needed] (šuḫḫai, “to pour”).


wlaitōną

wlaitō (active first-person indicative singular)
wlaitǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
wlaitōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
wlaitōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
wlaitōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
wlaitō (active imperative second-person singular)
wlaitōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
wlaitōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
wlaitōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
wlaitō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
wlaitōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
wlaitōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
wlaitōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
wlaitōs (active dual first-person indicative)
wlaitōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
wlaitōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
wlaitōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
wlaitōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
wlaitōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
wlaitōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
wlaitōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
wlaitōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
wlaitōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
wlaitōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
wlaitōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
wlaitōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
wlaitōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
wlaitōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
wlaitōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
wlaitōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
wlaitōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
wlaitōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
wlaitōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
wlaitōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
wlaitōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
wlaitōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
wlaitōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
wlaitōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
wlaitōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
wlaitōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
wlaitōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
wlaitōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
wlaitōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
wlaitōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
wlaitōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
wlaitōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
wlaitōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
wlaitōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
wlaitōndz (active participle present)
wlaitōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *wlaitōn
Old English: wlātian
Middle English: wlaten, laiten
English: lait
Scots: wlate

Old Norse: leita
Icelandic: leita
Faroese: leita
Norwegian Nynorsk: leita
→ Norwegian Bokmål: leite
Elfdalian: lieta
Danish: lede
Norwegian Bokmål: lete
Old Swedish: lēta
Swedish: leta

Gothic: 𐍅𐌻𐌰𐌹𐍄𐍉𐌽 (wlaitōn)

An o-grade iterative to *wlītaną (“to see”).


þukkōną

þukkō (active first-person indicative singular)
þukkǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
þukkōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
þukkōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
þukkōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
þukkō (active imperative second-person singular)
þukkōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
þukkōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
þukkōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
þukkō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
þukkōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
þukkōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
þukkōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
þukkōs (active dual first-person indicative)
þukkōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
þukkōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
þukkōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
þukkōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
þukkōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
þukkōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
þukkōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
þukkōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
þukkōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
þukkōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
þukkōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
þukkōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
þukkōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
þukkōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
þukkōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
þukkōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
þukkōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
þukkōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
þukkōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
þukkōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
þukkōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
þukkōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
þukkōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
þukkōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
þukkōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
þukkōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
þukkōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
þukkōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
þukkōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
þukkōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
þukkōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
þukkōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
þukkōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
þukkōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
þukkōndz (active participle present)
þukkōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *þukkōn, *þokōn

Old English: *þocian

⇒ Old English: þocerian

⇒ Old English: *þucc

desc

>? Middle English: thucke (“nasty trick, harm”)

Old High German: *duh, *duk

>? Middle High German: duc, tuc (“push, blow”)

German: Tuck (dialectal)

Old Norse: þoka (“to move, give way, budge”)

Icelandic: þoka

Faroese: toka

Norwegian: toka, tokka

→⇒? Middle English: thoke (adj)

⇒ English: thokish (dialectal)

⇒ English: thoky (dialectal)

desctree

⇒ Old Norse: þukla
Icelandic: þukla
Norwegian Nynorsk: tukla, tukle
Norwegian Bokmål: tukle

From earlier paradigm *þukkōþi ~ *þugunanþi, from pre-Proto-Germanic *tuk-nā́-ti ~ *tuk-un-ánti, iterative from Proto-Indo-European *(s)tewk- (“to shove, push”).


þreutaną

þreutō (active first-person indicative singular)
þreutaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
þreutai (first-person indicative passive singular)
þriutizi (active indicative second-person singular)
þreutaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
þreut (active imperative second-person singular)
þreutazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
þreutaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
þriutidi (active indicative singular third-person)
þreutai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
þreutadau (active imperative singular third-person)
þreutadai (indicative passive singular third-person)
þreutaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
þreutōz (active dual first-person indicative)
þreutaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
þreutadiz (active dual indicative second-person)
þreutaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
þreutadiz (active dual imperative second-person)
þreutamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
þreutaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
þreutandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
þreutaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
þriutid (active indicative plural second-person)
þreutaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
þriutid (active imperative plural second-person)
þreutandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
þreutaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
þreutandi (active indicative plural third-person)
þreutain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
þreutandau (active imperative plural third-person)
þreutandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
þreutaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
þraut (active first-person indicative singular)
þrutį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
þraust (active indicative second-person singular)
þrutīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
þraut (active indicative singular third-person)
þrutī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
þrutū (active dual first-person indicative)
þrutīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
þrutudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
þrutīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
þrutum (active first-person indicative plural)
þrutīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
þrutud (active indicative plural second-person)
þrutīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
þrutun (active indicative plural third-person)
þrutīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
þreutandz (active participle present)
þrutanaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *þreutan
Old English: þrēotan
Old Saxon: thriotan
Middle Low German: drēten

Old Norse: þrjóta
Icelandic: þrjóta
Faroese: tróta
Norwegian:
Norwegian Bokmål: tryte
Norwegian Nynorsk: tryta, tryte
Old Swedish: þrȳta
Swedish: tryta
Old Danish: tryde
⇒ Old Danish: fortryde
Danish: fortryde

⇒ Proto-Germanic: *uzþreutaną
Proto-West Germanic: *uʀþreutan
Old English: āþrēotan
Old Saxon: āthriotan
Middle Low German: vordrēten, vordreiten
Old High German: irdriozan, irdruzzen
Middle High German: erdriezen, verdriezen
German: erdrießen (archaic), verdrießen
Gothic: 𐌿𐍃𐌸𐍂𐌹𐌿𐍄𐌰𐌽 (usþriutan)

From Proto-Indo-European *trewd- (“to harass”).


hlakkōną

hlakkō (active first-person indicative singular)
hlakkǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
hlakkōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
hlakkōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
hlakkōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
hlakkō (active imperative second-person singular)
hlakkōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
hlakkōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
hlakkōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
hlakkō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
hlakkōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
hlakkōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
hlakkōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
hlakkōs (active dual first-person indicative)
hlakkōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
hlakkōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
hlakkōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
hlakkōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
hlakkōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
hlakkōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
hlakkōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
hlakkōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
hlakkōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
hlakkōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
hlakkōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
hlakkōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
hlakkōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
hlakkōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
hlakkōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
hlakkōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
hlakkōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
hlakkōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
hlakkōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
hlakkōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
hlakkōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
hlakkōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
hlakkōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
hlakkōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
hlakkōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
hlakkōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
hlakkōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
hlakkōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
hlakkōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
hlakkōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
hlakkōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
hlakkōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
hlakkōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
hlakkōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
hlakkōndz (active participle present)
hlakkōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *hlakkōn, *hlakōn

Old English: *hlacian

⇒ Old English: *hlacerian

⇒ Old English: hlacerung

Old Frisian: hlakkia, hlakia

Saterland Frisian: laachje

West Frisian: laitsje

Old Norse: hlakka

Icelandic: hlakka

Secondary o-grade iterative of *hlahjaną (“to laugh”).


huttōną

huttō (active first-person indicative singular)
huttǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
huttōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
huttōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
huttōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
huttō (active imperative second-person singular)
huttōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
huttōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
huttōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
huttō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
huttōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
huttōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
huttōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
huttōs (active dual first-person indicative)
huttōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
huttōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
huttōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
huttōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
huttōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
huttōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
huttōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
huttōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
huttōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
huttōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
huttōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
huttōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
huttōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
huttōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
huttōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
huttōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
huttōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
huttōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
huttōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
huttōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
huttōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
huttōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
huttōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
huttōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
huttōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
huttōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
huttōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
huttōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
huttōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
huttōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
huttōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
huttōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
huttōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
huttōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
huttōndz (active participle present)
huttōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

⇒ English: hotter (with secondary frequentative suffix)

Middle High German: hossen, hotzen

German: hutzen (dialectal)

Norwegian: hutta, hotta

From Pre-Germanic *kudnéh₂-, a zero-grade iterative to Proto-Indo-European *(s)kewd- (“to advance, push”). Related to Sanskrit चोदति (codati, “to urge, impel, incite”).


þurznaną

þurznō (active first-person indicative singular)
þurznaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
þurznōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
þurznais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
þurznō (active imperative second-person singular)
þurznōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
þurznai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
þurznōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
þurznōs (active dual first-person indicative)
þurznaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
þurznaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
þurznaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
þurznaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
þurznamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
þurznaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
þurznaþ (active indicative plural second-person)
þurznaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
þurznaþ (active imperative plural second-person)
þurznanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
þurznain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
þurznanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
þurznōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
þurznōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
þurznōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
þurznōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
þurznōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
þurznōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
þurznōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
þurznōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
þurznōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
þurznōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
þurznōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
þurznōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
þurznōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
þurznōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
þurznōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
þurznōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
þurznandz (active participle present)

Old Norse: þorna

Icelandic: þorna

Faroese: torna

⇒ Gothic: 𐌲𐌰𐌸𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍃𐌽𐌰𐌽 (gaþaursnan)


flagnaną

flagnō (active first-person indicative singular)
flagnaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
flagnōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
flagnais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
flagnō (active imperative second-person singular)
flagnōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
flagnai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
flagnōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
flagnōs (active dual first-person indicative)
flagnaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
flagnaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
flagnaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
flagnaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
flagnamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
flagnaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
flagnaþ (active indicative plural second-person)
flagnaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
flagnaþ (active imperative plural second-person)
flagnanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
flagnain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
flagnanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
flagnōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
flagnōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
flagnōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
flagnōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
flagnōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
flagnōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
flagnōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
flagnōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
flagnōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
flagnōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
flagnōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
flagnōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
flagnōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
flagnōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
flagnōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
flagnōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
flagnandz (active participle present)

Old Norse: flagna

Icelandic: flagna

Swedish: flagna

Scanian: flağna

/ˈɸlɑɣ.nɑ.nɑ̃/


tugnaną

tugnō (active first-person indicative singular)
tugnaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
tugnōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
tugnais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
tugnō (active imperative second-person singular)
tugnōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
tugnai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
tugnōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
tugnōs (active dual first-person indicative)
tugnaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
tugnaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
tugnaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
tugnaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
tugnamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
tugnaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
tugnaþ (active indicative plural second-person)
tugnaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
tugnaþ (active imperative plural second-person)
tugnanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
tugnain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
tugnanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
tugnōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
tugnōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
tugnōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
tugnōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
tugnōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
tugnōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
tugnōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
tugnōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
tugnōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
tugnōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
tugnōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
tugnōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
tugnōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
tugnōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
tugnōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
tugnōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
tugnandz (active participle present)

Old Norse: togna

Icelandic: togna

Faroese: togna


kwiknaną

kwiknō (active first-person indicative singular)
kwiknaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
kwiknōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
kwiknais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
kwiknō (active imperative second-person singular)
kwiknōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
kwiknai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
kwiknōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
kwiknōs (active dual first-person indicative)
kwiknaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
kwiknaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
kwiknaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
kwiknaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
kwiknamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
kwiknaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
kwiknaþ (active indicative plural second-person)
kwiknaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
kwiknaþ (active imperative plural second-person)
kwiknanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
kwiknain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
kwiknanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
kwiknōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
kwiknōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
kwiknōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
kwiknōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
kwiknōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
kwiknōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
kwiknōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
kwiknōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
kwiknōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
kwiknōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
kwiknōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
kwiknōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
kwiknōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
kwiknōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
kwiknōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
kwiknōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
kwiknandz (active participle present)

Old Norse: kvikna, kykna

Icelandic: kvikna

Faroese: kvikna

Danish: kvikne

Old Swedish: qvikna

Swedish: kvickna

Norwegian:

Norwegian Bokmål: kvikne

Norwegian Nynorsk: kvikna, kvikne

→? Middle English: quikenen

English: quicken

Scots: quikkin, quickin

⇒ Gothic: 𐌲𐌰𐌵𐌹𐌿𐌽𐌰𐌽 (gaqiunan)


dōbnaną

dōbnō (active first-person indicative singular)
dōbnaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
dōbnōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
dōbnais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
dōbnō (active imperative second-person singular)
dōbnōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
dōbnai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
dōbnōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
dōbnōs (active dual first-person indicative)
dōbnaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
dōbnaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
dōbnaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
dōbnaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
dōbnamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
dōbnaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
dōbnaþ (active indicative plural second-person)
dōbnaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
dōbnaþ (active imperative plural second-person)
dōbnanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
dōbnain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
dōbnanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
dōbnōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
dōbnōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
dōbnōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
dōbnōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
dōbnōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
dōbnōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
dōbnōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
dōbnōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
dōbnōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
dōbnōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
dōbnōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
dōbnōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
dōbnōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
dōbnōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
dōbnōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
dōbnōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
dōbnandz (active participle present)

⇒ Gothic: 𐌰𐍆𐌳𐍉𐌱𐌽𐌰𐌽 (afdōbnan)

/ˈdɔːβ.nɑ.nɑ̃/

From an unattested *dōbaz (“dull, numb”) + *-naną, perhaps ultimately from the root of *dapraz (“heavy, solid, stout”).


dubnaną

dubnō (active first-person indicative singular)
dubnaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
dubnōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
dubnais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
dubnō (active imperative second-person singular)
dubnōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
dubnai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
dubnōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
dubnōs (active dual first-person indicative)
dubnaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
dubnaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
dubnaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
dubnaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
dubnamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
dubnaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
dubnaþ (active indicative plural second-person)
dubnaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
dubnaþ (active imperative plural second-person)
dubnanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
dubnain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
dubnanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
dubnōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
dubnōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
dubnōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
dubnōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
dubnōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
dubnōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
dubnōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
dubnōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
dubnōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
dubnōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
dubnōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
dubnōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
dubnōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
dubnōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
dubnōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
dubnōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
dubnandz (active participle present)

Old Norse: dofna

Icelandic: dofna

Faroese: dovna

Old Swedish: dofna, dufna

Swedish: domna

From *dubaz (“dull”) + *-naną. Related to *daubaz (“stunned”).


swippōną

swippō (active first-person indicative singular)
swippǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
swippōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
swippōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
swippōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
swippō (active imperative second-person singular)
swippōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
swippōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
swippōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
swippō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
swippōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
swippōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
swippōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
swippōs (active dual first-person indicative)
swippōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
swippōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
swippōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
swippōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
swippōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
swippōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
swippōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
swippōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
swippōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
swippōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
swippōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
swippōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
swippōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
swippōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
swippōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
swippōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
swippōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
swippōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
swippōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
swippōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
swippōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
swippōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
swippōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
swippōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
swippōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
swippōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
swippōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
swippōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
swippōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
swippōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
swippōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
swippōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
swippōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
swippōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
swippōndz (active participle present)
swippōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Old English: swipian, sweopian, swippan

Middle English: swippen, swipen

Middle English: swipe, (obsolete) swip

German: schwippen

Old Norse: svipa

Danish: svippe

Icelandic: svipa

From pre-Germanic *swip-néh₂-ti, zero-grade iterative of *swībaną.


batnaną

batnō (active first-person indicative singular)
batnaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
batnōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
batnais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
batnō (active imperative second-person singular)
batnōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
batnai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
batnōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
batnōs (active dual first-person indicative)
batnaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
batnaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
batnaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
batnaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
batnamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
batnaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
batnaþ (active indicative plural second-person)
batnaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
batnaþ (active imperative plural second-person)
batnanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
batnain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
batnanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
batnōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
batnōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
batnōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
batnōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
batnōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
batnōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
batnōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
batnōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
batnōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
batnōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
batnōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
batnōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
batnōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
batnōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
batnōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
batnōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
batnandz (active participle present)

Old Norse: batna

Icelandic: batna

Faroese: batna

Old Swedish: batna

Elfdalian: battn

→ Middle English: *battenen, *batnen

English: batten

Scots: batten

⇒ Gothic: 𐌲𐌰𐌱𐌰𐍄𐌽𐌰𐌽 (gabatnan)


fraluznaną

fraluznō (active first-person indicative singular)
fraluznaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
fraluznōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
fraluznais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
fraluznō (active imperative second-person singular)
fraluznōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
fraluznai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
fraluznōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
fraluznōs (active dual first-person indicative)
fraluznaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
fraluznaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
fraluznaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
fraluznaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
fraluznamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
fraluznaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
fraluznaþ (active indicative plural second-person)
fraluznaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
fraluznaþ (active imperative plural second-person)
fraluznanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
fraluznain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
fraluznanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
fraluznōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
fraluznōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
fraluznōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
fraluznōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
fraluznōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
fraluznōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
fraluznōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
fraluznōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
fraluznōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
fraluznōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
fraluznōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
fraluznōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
fraluznōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
fraluznōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
fraluznōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
fraluznōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
fraluznandz (active participle present)
*luznaną (alternative)

Old Norse: losna

Danish: losne

Faroese: losna

Icelandic: losna

Norwegian Bokmål: løsne

Norwegian Nynorsk: losna

Swedish: lossna

Gothic: 𐍆𐍂𐌰𐌻𐌿𐍃𐌽𐌰𐌽 (fralusnan)


sturknaną

sturknō (active first-person indicative singular)
sturknaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
sturknōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
sturknais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
sturknō (active imperative second-person singular)
sturknōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
sturknai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
sturknōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
sturknōs (active dual first-person indicative)
sturknaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
sturknaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
sturknaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
sturknaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
sturknamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
sturknaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
sturknaþ (active indicative plural second-person)
sturknaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
sturknaþ (active imperative plural second-person)
sturknanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
sturknain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
sturknanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
sturknōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
sturknōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
sturknōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
sturknōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
sturknōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
sturknōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
sturknōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
sturknōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
sturknōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
sturknōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
sturknōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
sturknōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
sturknōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
sturknōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
sturknōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
sturknōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
sturknandz (active participle present)

Old Norse: storkna

Icelandic: storkna

Old Swedish: storkna
Swedish: storkna

A fientive verb derived from a strong verb *sterkaną (“to stiffen”) (attested only in its past participle).


snittōną

snittō (active first-person indicative singular)
snittǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
snittōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
snittōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
snittōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
snittō (active imperative second-person singular)
snittōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
snittōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
snittōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
snittō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
snittōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
snittōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
snittōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
snittōs (active dual first-person indicative)
snittōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
snittōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
snittōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
snittōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
snittōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
snittōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
snittōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
snittōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
snittōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
snittōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
snittōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
snittōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
snittōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
snittōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
snittōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
snittōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
snittōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
snittōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
snittōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
snittōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
snittōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
snittōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
snittōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
snittōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
snittōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
snittōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
snittōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
snittōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
snittōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
snittōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
snittōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
snittōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
snittōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
snittōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
snittōndz (active participle present)
snittōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *snittōn
Old Frisian: snithia (adopted -th- from the strong verb)
Old Saxon: *snittōn, *snidōn
Middle Low German: snitten, snēden
Old High German: *snizzōn, snitōn
Middle High German: snitzen, snēden
Alemannic German: schnëtze
German: schnitzen
→ Middle Low German: snitsen
German Low German: sniddjen

Old Norse: sniða

From Pre-Germanic *snitnéh₂-, a zero-grade iterative to *snīþaną (“to cut”).


krunkōną

krunkō (active first-person indicative singular)
krunkǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
krunkōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
krunkōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
krunkōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
krunkō (active imperative second-person singular)
krunkōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
krunkōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
krunkōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
krunkō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
krunkōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
krunkōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
krunkōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
krunkōs (active dual first-person indicative)
krunkōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
krunkōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
krunkōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
krunkōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
krunkōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
krunkōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
krunkōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
krunkōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
krunkōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
krunkōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
krunkōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
krunkōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
krunkōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
krunkōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
krunkōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
krunkōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
krunkōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
krunkōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
krunkōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
krunkōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
krunkōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
krunkōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
krunkōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
krunkōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
krunkōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
krunkōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
krunkōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
krunkōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
krunkōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
krunkōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
krunkōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
krunkōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
krunkōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
krunkōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
krunkōndz (active participle present)
krunkōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

(English: crunkle) (dialectal; with frequentative suffix)

Dutch: kronken (early modern), cf. kronkelen (with frequentative suffix)

From Pre-Germanic *grn̥ǵʰnéh₂-, a zero-grade iterative to *kringaną (“to turn, fall”).


krumpōną

krumpō (active first-person indicative singular)
krumpǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
krumpōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
krumpōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
krumpōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
krumpō (active imperative second-person singular)
krumpōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
krumpōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
krumpōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
krumpō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
krumpōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
krumpōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
krumpōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
krumpōs (active dual first-person indicative)
krumpōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
krumpōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
krumpōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
krumpōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
krumpōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
krumpōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
krumpōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
krumpōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
krumpōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
krumpōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
krumpōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
krumpōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
krumpōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
krumpōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
krumpōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
krumpōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
krumpōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
krumpōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
krumpōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
krumpōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
krumpōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
krumpōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
krumpōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
krumpōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
krumpōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
krumpōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
krumpōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
krumpōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
krumpōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
krumpōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
krumpōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
krumpōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
krumpōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
krumpōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
krumpōndz (active participle present)
krumpōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

English: crump (obsolete), cf. crumple (with frequentative suffix)

German: krumpfen

From Pre-Germanic *grm̥bʰnéh₂-, a zero-grade iterative to *krimpaną (“to shrink”).