mahtijaną

mahtijō (active first-person indicative singular)
mahtijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
mahtijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
mahtīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
mahtijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
mahtī (active imperative second-person singular)
mahtijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
mahtijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
mahtīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
mahtijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
mahtijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
mahtijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
mahtijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
mahtijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
mahtijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
mahtijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
mahtijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
mahtijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
mahtijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
mahtijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
mahtijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
mahtijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
mahtīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
mahtijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
mahtīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
mahtijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
mahtijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
mahtijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
mahtijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
mahtijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
mahtijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
mahtijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
mahtidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
mahtidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
mahtidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
mahtidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
mahtidē (active indicative singular third-person)
mahtidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
mahtidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
mahtidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
mahtidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
mahtidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
mahtidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
mahtidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
mahtidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
mahtidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
mahtidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
mahtidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
mahtijandz (active participle present)
mahtidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *mahtijan
Old English: *mihtan
Middle English: mighten
Old Saxon: *mahtian
Middle Low German: mechten
Old Dutch: *mahten
Middle Dutch: machten

Gothic: *𐌼𐌰𐌷𐍄𐌾𐌰𐌽 (*mahtjan)

⇒ Gothic: 𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌼𐌰𐌷𐍄𐌾𐌰𐌽 (anamahtjan)


slīþijaną

slīþijō (active first-person indicative singular)
slīþijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
slīþijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
slīþīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
slīþijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
slīþī (active imperative second-person singular)
slīþijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
slīþijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
slīþīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
slīþijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
slīþijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
slīþijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
slīþijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
slīþijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
slīþijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
slīþijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
slīþijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
slīþijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
slīþijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
slīþijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
slīþijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
slīþijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
slīþīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
slīþijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
slīþīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
slīþijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
slīþijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
slīþijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
slīþijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
slīþijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
slīþijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
slīþijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
slīþidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
slīþidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
slīþidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
slīþidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
slīþidē (active indicative singular third-person)
slīþidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
slīþidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
slīþidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
slīþidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
slīþidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
slīþidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
slīþidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
slīþidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
slīþidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
slīþidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
slīþidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
slīþijandz (active participle present)
slīþidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *slīþijan
Old English: slīþan

Gothic: *𐍃𐌻𐌴𐌹𐌸𐌾𐌰𐌽 (*sleiþjan)

⇒ Gothic: 𐌲𐌰𐍃𐌻𐌴𐌹𐌸𐌾𐌰𐌽 (gasleiþjan)

From *slīþaz or *slīþijaz (“dangerous, harmful”) + *-janą.


tahrijaną

tahrijō (active first-person indicative singular)
tahrijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
tahrijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
tahrīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
tahrijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
tahrī (active imperative second-person singular)
tahrijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
tahrijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
tahrīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
tahrijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
tahrijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
tahrijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
tahrijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
tahrijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
tahrijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
tahrijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
tahrijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
tahrijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
tahrijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
tahrijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
tahrijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
tahrijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
tahrīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
tahrijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
tahrīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
tahrijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
tahrijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
tahrijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
tahrijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
tahrijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
tahrijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
tahrijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
tahridǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
tahridēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
tahridēz (active indicative second-person singular)
tahridēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
tahridē (active indicative singular third-person)
tahridēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
tahridēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
tahridēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
tahridēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
tahridēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
tahridēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
tahridēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
tahridēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
tahridēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
tahridēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
tahridēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
tahrijandz (active participle present)
tahridaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *tahhrijan
Old English: tīeran, tīran, tȳran
Old High German: *zaharen
Middle High German: zaheren, zeheren

Gothic: 𐍄𐌰𐌲𐍂𐌾𐌰𐌽 (tagrjan)


nēhwijaną

nēhwijō (active first-person indicative singular)
nēhwijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
nēhwijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
nēhwīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
nēhwijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
nēhwī (active imperative second-person singular)
nēhwijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
nēhwijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
nēhwīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
nēhwijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
nēhwijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
nēhwijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
nēhwijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
nēhwijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
nēhwijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
nēhwijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
nēhwijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
nēhwijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
nēhwijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
nēhwijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
nēhwijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
nēhwijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
nēhwīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
nēhwijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
nēhwīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
nēhwijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
nēhwijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
nēhwijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
nēhwijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
nēhwijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
nēhwijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
nēhwijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
nēhwidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
nēhwidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
nēhwidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
nēhwidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
nēhwidē (active indicative singular third-person)
nēhwidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
nēhwidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
nēhwidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
nēhwidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
nēhwidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
nēhwidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
nēhwidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
nēhwidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
nēhwidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
nēhwidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
nēhwidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
nēhwijandz (active participle present)
nēhwidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *nāhwijan
Old English: *nǣgan
⇒ Old English: ġenǣgan
Old Saxon: nāhian
Middle Low German: nēgen
Old High German: nāhen
Middle High German: nähen

Norwegian Bokmål: nærme

Gothic: 𐌽𐌴𐍈𐌾𐌰𐌽 (nēƕjan)


waifirhwijaną

waifirhwijō (active first-person indicative singular)
waifirhwijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
waifirhwijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
waifirhwīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
waifirhwijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
waifirhwī (active imperative second-person singular)
waifirhwijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
waifirhwijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
waifirhwīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
waifirhwijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
waifirhwijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
waifirhwijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
waifirhwijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
waifirhwijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
waifirhwijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
waifirhwijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
waifirhwijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
waifirhwijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
waifirhwijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
waifirhwijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
waifirhwijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
waifirhwijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
waifirhwīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
waifirhwijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
waifirhwīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
waifirhwijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
waifirhwijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
waifirhwijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
waifirhwijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
waifirhwijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
waifirhwijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
waifirhwijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
waifirhwidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
waifirhwidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
waifirhwidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
waifirhwidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
waifirhwidē (active indicative singular third-person)
waifirhwidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
waifirhwidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
waifirhwidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
waifirhwidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
waifirhwidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
waifirhwidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
waifirhwidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
waifirhwidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
waifirhwidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
waifirhwidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
waifirhwidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
waifirhwijandz (active participle present)
waifirhwidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *waifirhwijan

Old High German: wēferhen, wēverhen

Gothic: 𐍅𐌰𐌹𐍆𐌰𐌹𐍂𐍈𐌾𐌰𐌽 (waifairƕjan)

Likely from *wai (“expression of grief”) + *firhwijaną, the latter verb is not attested in any of the descendants.


dulþijaną

dulþijō (active first-person indicative singular)
dulþijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
dulþijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
dulþīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
dulþijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
dulþī (active imperative second-person singular)
dulþijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
dulþijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
dulþīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
dulþijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
dulþijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
dulþijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
dulþijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
dulþijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
dulþijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
dulþijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
dulþijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
dulþijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
dulþijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
dulþijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
dulþijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
dulþijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
dulþīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
dulþijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
dulþīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
dulþijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
dulþijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
dulþijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
dulþijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
dulþijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
dulþijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
dulþijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
dulþidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
dulþidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
dulþidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
dulþidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
dulþidē (active indicative singular third-person)
dulþidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
dulþidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
dulþidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
dulþidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
dulþidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
dulþidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
dulþidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
dulþidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
dulþidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
dulþidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
dulþidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
dulþijandz (active participle present)
dulþidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *dulþijan
Old High German: tulden
Middle High German: tulden, tulten

Gothic: 𐌳𐌿𐌻𐌸𐌾𐌰𐌽 (dulþjan)

From *dulþiz (“celebration, festival”) + *-janą.


twangijaną

twangijō (active first-person indicative singular)
twangijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
twangijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
twangīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
twangijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
twangī (active imperative second-person singular)
twangijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
twangijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
twangīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
twangijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
twangijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
twangijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
twangijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
twangijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
twangijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
twangijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
twangijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
twangijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
twangijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
twangijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
twangijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
twangijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
twangīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
twangijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
twangīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
twangijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
twangijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
twangijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
twangijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
twangijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
twangijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
twangijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
twangidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
twangidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
twangidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
twangidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
twangidē (active indicative singular third-person)
twangidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
twangidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
twangidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
twangidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
twangidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
twangidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
twangidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
twangidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
twangidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
twangidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
twangidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
twangijandz (active participle present)
twangidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *twangijan
Old English: twenġan
Middle English: twengen
English: twinge
Old Saxon: twengian
Old Dutch: *twengen
Middle Dutch: twengen
Old High German: zwengen


twinganą

twingō (active first-person indicative singular)
twingaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
twingai (first-person indicative passive singular)
twingizi (active indicative second-person singular)
twingaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
twing (active imperative second-person singular)
twingazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
twingaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
twingidi (active indicative singular third-person)
twingai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
twingadau (active imperative singular third-person)
twingadai (indicative passive singular third-person)
twingaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
twingōz (active dual first-person indicative)
twingaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
twingadiz (active dual indicative second-person)
twingaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
twingadiz (active dual imperative second-person)
twingamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
twingaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
twingandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
twingaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
twingid (active indicative plural second-person)
twingaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
twingid (active imperative plural second-person)
twingandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
twingaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
twingandi (active indicative plural third-person)
twingain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
twingandau (active imperative plural third-person)
twingandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
twingaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
twang (active first-person indicative singular)
twungį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
twanht (active indicative second-person singular)
twungīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
twang (active indicative singular third-person)
twungī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
twungū (active dual first-person indicative)
twungīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
twungudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
twungīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
twungum (active first-person indicative plural)
twungīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
twungud (active indicative plural second-person)
twungīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
twungun (active indicative plural third-person)
twungīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
twingandz (active participle present)
twunganaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *twingan
Old English: twingan
Middle English: twingen
>? Old Dutch: *twingan
>? Middle Dutch: twingen (might reflect the causative twengen instead)
Old High German: *zwingan
Middle High German: zwingen
German: zwingen (likely conflated with the descendant of *þwinhaną)

Unclear, seems to be closely related *þwinhaną.


saukijaną

saukijō (active first-person indicative singular)
saukijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
saukijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
saukīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
saukijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
saukī (active imperative second-person singular)
saukijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
saukijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
saukīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
saukijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
saukijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
saukijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
saukijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
saukijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
saukijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
saukijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
saukijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
saukijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
saukijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
saukijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
saukijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
saukijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
saukīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
saukijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
saukīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
saukijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
saukijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
saukijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
saukijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
saukijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
saukijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
saukijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
saukidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
saukidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
saukidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
saukidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
saukidē (active indicative singular third-person)
saukidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
saukidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
saukidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
saukidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
saukidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
saukidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
saukidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
saukidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
saukidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
saukidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
saukidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
saukijandz (active participle present)
saukidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *saukijan
Old English: *sīeċan, sȳċan, sīċan
Middle English: seken
Old Dutch: *sōken
Middle Dutch: sôken
Dutch: zoken (dialectal)


starbijaną

starbijō (active first-person indicative singular)
starbijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
starbijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
starbīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
starbijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
starbī (active imperative second-person singular)
starbijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
starbijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
starbīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
starbijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
starbijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
starbijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
starbijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
starbijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
starbijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
starbijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
starbijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
starbijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
starbijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
starbijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
starbijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
starbijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
starbīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
starbijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
starbīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
starbijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
starbijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
starbijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
starbijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
starbijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
starbijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
starbijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
starbidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
starbidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
starbidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
starbidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
starbidē (active indicative singular third-person)
starbidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
starbidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
starbidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
starbidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
starbidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
starbidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
starbidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
starbidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
starbidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
starbidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
starbidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
starbijandz (active participle present)
starbidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *starbijan
Old English: *stierfan
⇒ Old English: āstierfan
Old Saxon: *sterven
Middle Low German: sterven
Old High German: *sterben
Middle High German: sterben
⇒ Old High German: irsterben


spalkijaną

spalkijō (active first-person indicative singular)
spalkijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
spalkijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
spalkīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
spalkijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
spalkī (active imperative second-person singular)
spalkijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
spalkijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
spalkīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
spalkijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
spalkijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
spalkijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
spalkijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
spalkijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
spalkijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
spalkijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
spalkijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
spalkijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
spalkijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
spalkijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
spalkijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
spalkijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
spalkīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
spalkijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
spalkīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
spalkijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
spalkijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
spalkijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
spalkijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
spalkijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
spalkijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
spalkijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
spalkidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
spalkidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
spalkidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
spalkidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
spalkidē (active indicative singular third-person)
spalkidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
spalkidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
spalkidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
spalkidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
spalkidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
spalkidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
spalkidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
spalkidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
spalkidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
spalkidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
spalkidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
spalkijandz (active participle present)
spalkidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *spalkijan
Old English: spelcan, spilcan
Middle English: spelken, spilken
Old Dutch: *spelken
Middle Dutch: *spelken
Dutch: spelken (West Flemish)
⇒ Middle Dutch: afspelken

Old Norse: spelkja

Icelandic: spelkja

From *spalk- (“splint, cleft”) + *-janą.


staigijaną

staigijō (active first-person indicative singular)
staigijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
staigijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
staigīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
staigijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
staigī (active imperative second-person singular)
staigijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
staigijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
staigīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
staigijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
staigijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
staigijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
staigijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
staigijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
staigijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
staigijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
staigijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
staigijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
staigijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
staigijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
staigijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
staigijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
staigīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
staigijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
staigīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
staigijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
staigijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
staigijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
staigijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
staigijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
staigijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
staigijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
staigidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
staigidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
staigidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
staigidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
staigidē (active indicative singular third-person)
staigidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
staigidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
staigidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
staigidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
staigidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
staigidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
staigidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
staigidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
staigidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
staigidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
staigidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
staigijandz (active participle present)
staigidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *staigijan
Old English: *stǣgan
⇒ Old English: āstǣgan
Old Dutch: *steigen
Middle Dutch: steigen
Dutch: steigen (Southern dialects)
Old High German: *steigen
Middle High German: steigen


swiknijaną

swiknijō (active first-person indicative singular)
swiknijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
swiknijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
swiknīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
swiknijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
swiknī (active imperative second-person singular)
swiknijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
swiknijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
swiknīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
swiknijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
swiknijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
swiknijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
swiknijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
swiknijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
swiknijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
swiknijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
swiknijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
swiknijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
swiknijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
swiknijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
swiknijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
swiknijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
swiknīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
swiknijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
swiknīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
swiknijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
swiknijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
swiknijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
swiknijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
swiknijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
swiknijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
swiknijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
swiknidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
swiknidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
swiknidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
swiknidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
swiknidē (active indicative singular third-person)
swiknidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
swiknidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
swiknidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
swiknidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
swiknidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
swiknidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
swiknidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
swiknidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
swiknidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
swiknidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
swiknidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
swiknijandz (active participle present)
swiknidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *swiknijan
Old English: swicnan

Gothic: *𐍃𐍅𐌹𐌺𐌽𐌾𐌰𐌽 (*swiknjan)

⇒ Gothic: 𐍃𐍅𐌹𐌺𐌽𐌴𐌹𐌽𐍃 (swikneins)

From *swiknaz (“pure, innocent”) + *-janą.


selkaną

selkō (active first-person indicative singular)
selkaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
selkai (first-person indicative passive singular)
silkizi (active indicative second-person singular)
selkaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
selk (active imperative second-person singular)
selkazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
selkaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
silkidi (active indicative singular third-person)
selkai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
selkadau (active imperative singular third-person)
selkadai (indicative passive singular third-person)
selkaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
selkōz (active dual first-person indicative)
selkaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
selkadiz (active dual indicative second-person)
selkaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
selkadiz (active dual imperative second-person)
selkamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
selkaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
selkandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
selkaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
silkid (active indicative plural second-person)
selkaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
silkid (active imperative plural second-person)
selkandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
selkaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
selkandi (active indicative plural third-person)
selkain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
selkandau (active imperative plural third-person)
selkandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
selkaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
salk (active first-person indicative singular)
sulkį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
salht (active indicative second-person singular)
sulkīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
salk (active indicative singular third-person)
sulkī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
sulkū (active dual first-person indicative)
sulkīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
sulkudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
sulkīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
sulkum (active first-person indicative plural)
sulkīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
sulkud (active indicative plural second-person)
sulkīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
sulkun (active indicative plural third-person)
sulkīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
selkandz (active participle present)
sulkanaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *selkan
Old English: *seolcan
⇒ Old English: āseolcan (“to be slow; be weak or slothful; languish”)
⇒ Old English: *beseolcan
⇒ Old English: besolcen (past participle)
⇒ Old English: *solcen, *ġesolcen (past participle)
Middle English: *solken, *solke
⇒ English: sulky (“limp, droopy”)
⇒ English: sulk (verb) (back-formation)
⇒ Scots: sulk (verb) (back-formation)
Old High German: *selkan
Middle High German: selken
⇒ Middle High German: verselken, versëlken
⇒ Old High German: irselkan
⇒ Old High German: giselkēn
⇒ Old High German: selkenēn

From Proto-Indo-European *selǵ- (“to let go, send”), Cognate with Sanskrit सृजति (sṛjáti, “to send off, discharge”).


ūtijaną

ūtijō (active first-person indicative singular)
ūtijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
ūtijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
ūtīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
ūtijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
ūtī (active imperative second-person singular)
ūtijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
ūtijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
ūtīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
ūtijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
ūtijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
ūtijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
ūtijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
ūtijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
ūtijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
ūtijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
ūtijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
ūtijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
ūtijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
ūtijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
ūtijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
ūtijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
ūtīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
ūtijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
ūtīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
ūtijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
ūtijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
ūtijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
ūtijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
ūtijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
ūtijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
ūtijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
ūtidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
ūtidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
ūtidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
ūtidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
ūtidē (active indicative singular third-person)
ūtidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
ūtidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
ūtidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
ūtidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
ūtidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
ūtidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
ūtidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
ūtidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
ūtidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
ūtidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
ūtidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
ūtijandz (active participle present)
ūtidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *ūtijan
Old English: ȳtan

Old Norse: ýta

Icelandic: ýta


maitijaną

maitijō (active first-person indicative singular)
maitijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
maitijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
maitīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
maitijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
maitī (active imperative second-person singular)
maitijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
maitijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
maitīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
maitijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
maitijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
maitijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
maitijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
maitijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
maitijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
maitijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
maitijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
maitijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
maitijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
maitijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
maitijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
maitijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
maitīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
maitijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
maitīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
maitijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
maitijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
maitijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
maitijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
maitijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
maitijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
maitijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
maitidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
maitidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
maitidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
maitidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
maitidē (active indicative singular third-person)
maitidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
maitidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
maitidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
maitidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
maitidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
maitidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
maitidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
maitidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
maitidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
maitidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
maitidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
maitijandz (active participle present)
maitidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *maitijan

desc

Old English: *mǣtan, mētan (“to draw, paint”)

Middle English: meten (“to paint, sculpt, design”)

Old High German: *meizen

⇒ Old High German: firmeizen (wk vb)

Middle High German: vermeizen

⇒ Old High German: abafirmeizen (wk vb)

Old Norse: meita (through confluence with *maitaną)

Icelandic: meita

Norwegian: meita

Swedish: meta


spurnijaną

spurnijō (active first-person indicative singular)
spurnijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
spurnijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
spurnīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
spurnijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
spurnī (active imperative second-person singular)
spurnijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
spurnijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
spurnīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
spurnijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
spurnijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
spurnijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
spurnijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
spurnijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
spurnijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
spurnijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
spurnijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
spurnijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
spurnijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
spurnijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
spurnijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
spurnijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
spurnīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
spurnijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
spurnīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
spurnijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
spurnijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
spurnijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
spurnijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
spurnijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
spurnijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
spurnijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
spurnidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
spurnidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
spurnidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
spurnidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
spurnidē (active indicative singular third-person)
spurnidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
spurnidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
spurnidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
spurnidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
spurnidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
spurnidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
spurnidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
spurnidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
spurnidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
spurnidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
spurnidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
spurnijandz (active participle present)
spurnidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *spurnijan
Old English: spyrnan
Middle English: spirnen, spernen
Old Dutch: *spurnen
⇒ Old Dutch: witherspurnen
Old High German: spurnen
Middle High German: spürnen

Old Norse: spyrna

Icelandic: spyrna

Closely related to the strong verb *spurnaną.


hringōną

hringō (active first-person indicative singular)
hringǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
hringōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
hringōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
hringōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
hringō (active imperative second-person singular)
hringōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
hringōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
hringōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
hringō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
hringōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
hringōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
hringōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
hringōs (active dual first-person indicative)
hringōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
hringōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
hringōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
hringōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
hringōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
hringōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
hringōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
hringōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
hringōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
hringōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
hringōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
hringōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
hringōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
hringōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
hringōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
hringōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
hringōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
hringōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
hringōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
hringōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
hringōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
hringōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
hringōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
hringōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
hringōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
hringōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
hringōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
hringōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
hringōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
hringōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
hringōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
hringōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
hringōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
hringōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
hringōndz (active participle present)
hringōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *hringōn
Old English: hringian
Middle English: ringen
English: ring
Old Frisian: *hringia
West Frisian: ringje
Old Saxon: *hringon
Middle Low German: ringen
Old Dutch: *ringon
Middle Dutch: ringen, ringhen
Dutch: ringen
Old High German: ringōn
Middle High German: ringen

Old Norse: hringa

Icelandic: hringa

From *hringaz (“a ring, a circle”) + *-ōną.


stabnijaną

stabnijō (active first-person indicative singular)
stabnijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
stabnijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
stabnīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
stabnijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
stabnī (active imperative second-person singular)
stabnijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
stabnijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
stabnīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
stabnijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
stabnijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
stabnijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
stabnijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
stabnijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
stabnijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
stabnijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
stabnijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
stabnijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
stabnijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
stabnijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
stabnijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
stabnijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
stabnīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
stabnijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
stabnīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
stabnijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
stabnijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
stabnijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
stabnijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
stabnijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
stabnijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
stabnijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
stabnidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
stabnidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
stabnidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
stabnidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
stabnidē (active indicative singular third-person)
stabnidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
stabnidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
stabnidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
stabnidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
stabnidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
stabnidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
stabnidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
stabnidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
stabnidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
stabnidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
stabnidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
stabnijandz (active participle present)
stabnidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *stabnijan
Old English: stemnan, stefnan
Middle English: stemmen, stevenen
Old Frisian: *stemma
West Frisian: stimme
⇒ Old Frisian: tōjēnisstemma
Old Saxon: *stemnian
Middle Low German: stemmen
→ Norwegian: stemme
→ Swedish: stämma
→ Danish: stemme
Old Dutch: *stemnen
Middle Dutch: stemmen
Dutch: stemmen
>? Old High German: *stimmen (< *stibnijan?)
Middle High German: stimmen
German: stimmen
⇒ Old High German: gistimmen

Old Norse: stefna

Icelandic: stefna


stabnijaną

Proto-West Germanic: *stabnijan
Old English: *stefnan
Middle English: stevenen
Old Saxon: *stefnian
Middle Low German: stēvenen, stefnen
Old Dutch: *stefnen
Middle Dutch: *stēvenen
Dutch: stevenen

Old Norse: stefna

Icelandic: stefna

Faroese: stefna

Norwegian:

Norwegian Bokmål: stemne, stevne

Norwegian Nynorsk: stemne, stemna

From *stabnaz (“stem of a ship”) + *-janą.


swaitaną

swaitō (active first-person indicative singular)
swaitaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
swaitai (first-person indicative passive singular)
swaitizi (active indicative second-person singular)
swaitaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
swait (active imperative second-person singular)
swaitazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
swaitaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
swaitidi (active indicative singular third-person)
swaitai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
swaitadau (active imperative singular third-person)
swaitadai (indicative passive singular third-person)
swaitaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
swaitōz (active dual first-person indicative)
swaitaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
swaitadiz (active dual indicative second-person)
swaitaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
swaitadiz (active dual imperative second-person)
swaitamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
swaitaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
swaitandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
swaitaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
swaitid (active indicative plural second-person)
swaitaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
swaitid (active imperative plural second-person)
swaitandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
swaitaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
swaitandi (active indicative plural third-person)
swaitain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
swaitandau (active imperative plural third-person)
swaitandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
swaitaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
sezwait (active first-person indicative singular)
sezwaitį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
sezwaist (active indicative second-person singular)
sezwaitīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
sezwait (active indicative singular third-person)
sezwaitī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
sezwaitū (active dual first-person indicative)
sezwaitīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
sezwaitudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
sezwaitīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
sezwaitum (active first-person indicative plural)
sezwaitīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
sezwaitud (active indicative plural second-person)
sezwaitīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
sezwaitun (active indicative plural third-person)
sezwaitīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
swaitandz (active participle present)
swaitanaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *swaitan

Old Norse: sveita (“to sweat”)

From Proto-Indo-European *swoyd-e-ti, thematic o-grade present of *sweyd- (“to sweat”).


gasakaną

gasakō (active first-person indicative singular)
gasakaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
gasakai (first-person indicative passive singular)
gasakizi (active indicative second-person singular)
gasakaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
gasak (active imperative second-person singular)
gasakazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
gasakaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
gasakidi (active indicative singular third-person)
gasakai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
gasakadau (active imperative singular third-person)
gasakadai (indicative passive singular third-person)
gasakaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
gasakōz (active dual first-person indicative)
gasakaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
gasakadiz (active dual indicative second-person)
gasakaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
gasakadiz (active dual imperative second-person)
gasakamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
gasakaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
gasakandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
gasakaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
gasakid (active indicative plural second-person)
gasakaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
gasakid (active imperative plural second-person)
gasakandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
gasakaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
gasakandi (active indicative plural third-person)
gasakain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
gasakandau (active imperative plural third-person)
gasakandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
gasakaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
gasōk (active first-person indicative singular)
gasōkį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
gasōht (active indicative second-person singular)
gasōkīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
gasōk (active indicative singular third-person)
gasōkī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
gasōkū (active dual first-person indicative)
gasōkīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
gasōkudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
gasōkīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
gasōkum (active first-person indicative plural)
gasōkīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
gasōkud (active indicative plural second-person)
gasōkīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
gasōkun (active indicative plural third-person)
gasōkīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
gasakandz (active participle present)
gasakanaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *gasakan

Old English: ġesacan

Old Dutch: *gisakan

⇒ Old Dutch: gisacio

desc

Old High German: gisahhan, gisachan, ᚷᚨᛊᛟᚲᚢᚾ (gasokun /gasōkun/) (3rd plural past indicative)

Gothic: 𐌲𐌰𐍃𐌰𐌺𐌰𐌽 (gasakan)


fōdrōną

fōdrō (active first-person indicative singular)
fōdrǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
fōdrōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
fōdrōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
fōdrōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
fōdrō (active imperative second-person singular)
fōdrōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
fōdrōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
fōdrōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
fōdrō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
fōdrōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
fōdrōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
fōdrōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
fōdrōs (active dual first-person indicative)
fōdrōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
fōdrōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
fōdrōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
fōdrōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
fōdrōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
fōdrōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
fōdrōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
fōdrōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
fōdrōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
fōdrōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
fōdrōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
fōdrōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
fōdrōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
fōdrōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
fōdrōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
fōdrōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
fōdrōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
fōdrōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
fōdrōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
fōdrōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
fōdrōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
fōdrōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
fōdrōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
fōdrōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
fōdrōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
fōdrōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
fōdrōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
fōdrōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
fōdrōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
fōdrōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
fōdrōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
fōdrōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
fōdrōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
fōdrōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
fōdrōndz (active participle present)
fōdrōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *fōdrōn
Old English: *fōdrian
Middle English: fodderen
English: fodder
Old Frisian: *fōdria
West Frisian: fuorje, forje, furje
Old Saxon: *fōdrōn
Middle Low German: vōderen, vōdern, fōderen, fōdern
Old High German: *fuotarōn
Middle High German: vuoteren, vuotern, fuoteren, fuotern

Old Norse: fóðra

Icelandic: fóðra

Faroese: fóðra

Old Swedish: fōþra

Swedish: fodra

Old Danish: fothræ

Danish: fodre

/ˈɸɔː.ðrɔː.nɑ̃/


hummōną

hummō (active first-person indicative singular)
hummǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
hummōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
hummōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
hummōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
hummō (active imperative second-person singular)
hummōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
hummōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
hummōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
hummō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
hummōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
hummōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
hummōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
hummōs (active dual first-person indicative)
hummōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
hummōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
hummōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
hummōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
hummōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
hummōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
hummōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
hummōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
hummōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
hummōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
hummōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
hummōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
hummōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
hummōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
hummōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
hummōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
hummōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
hummōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
hummōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
hummōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
hummōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
hummōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
hummōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
hummōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
hummōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
hummōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
hummōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
hummōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
hummōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
hummōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
hummōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
hummōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
hummōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
hummōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
hummōndz (active participle present)
hummōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *hummōn

Old English: hummen (“to buzz, hum”)

desc

Middle English: hummen (“to hum, buzz, drone”)

English: hum

Dutch: hommelen (“to bumble, buzz”); hommen (“to buzz, hum”) (dialectal)

Middle High German: hummen (“to hum”)

German: hummen, hummeln

Norwegian: humre (“whinny softly”)

Inherited from Proto-Indo-European *km̥H-néh₂-ti, probably onomatopoeic from a root *kemH- (“to hum”). Cognate with Lithuanian ki̇̀mti (“wheeze, become hoarse”), kimùs (“hoarse”), Proto-Slavic *čьmèľь (“bumblebee”), *komãrъ (“mosquito”).


laskijaną

laskijō (active first-person indicative singular)
laskijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
laskijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
laskīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
laskijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
laskī (active imperative second-person singular)
laskijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
laskijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
laskīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
laskijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
laskijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
laskijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
laskijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
laskijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
laskijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
laskijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
laskijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
laskijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
laskijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
laskijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
laskijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
laskijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
laskīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
laskijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
laskīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
laskijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
laskijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
laskijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
laskijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
laskijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
laskijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
laskijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
laskidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
laskidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
laskidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
laskidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
laskidē (active indicative singular third-person)
laskidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
laskidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
laskidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
laskidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
laskidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
laskidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
laskidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
laskidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
laskidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
laskidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
laskidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
laskijandz (active participle present)
laskidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *laskijan
Old Frisian: *leska
>? West Frisian: leskje (uncertain, the second class weak inflection would be secondary)
Old Saxon: leskian
Middle Low German: leschen
→ Norwegian Bokmål: leske
→ Norwegian Nynorsk: leske, leska
Old Dutch: lesken
Middle Dutch: lesschen
Dutch: lessen
Afrikaans: les
Old High German: lesken
Middle High German: leschen
German: löschen

From *leskaną (“to stop, quench”) + *-janą.


tarjaną

tarjō (active first-person indicative singular)
tarjaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
tarjai (first-person indicative passive singular)
tarisi (active indicative second-person singular)
tarjais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
tari (active imperative second-person singular)
tarjasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
tarjaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
tariþi (active indicative singular third-person)
tarjai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
tarjaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
tarjaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
tarjaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
tarjōs (active dual first-person indicative)
tarjaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
tarjaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
tarjaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
tarjaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
tarjamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
tarjaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
tarjanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
tarjainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
tariþ (active indicative plural second-person)
tarjaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
tariþ (active imperative plural second-person)
tarjanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
tarjainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
tarjanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
tarjain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
tarjanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
tarjanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
tarjainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
taridǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
taridēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
taridēz (active indicative second-person singular)
taridēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
taridē (active indicative singular third-person)
taridēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
taridēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
taridēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
taridēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
taridēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
taridēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
taridēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
taridēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
taridēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
taridēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
taridēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
tarjandz (active participle present)
taridaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *tarjan
Old Frisian: tera
West Frisian: tarre
Old Saxon: terian
Middle Low German: tēren
German Low German: tehren
→ Old Norse: tæra
Icelandic: tæra
Norwegian Nynorsk: tæra
Swedish: tära
Danish: tære
Norwegian Bokmål: tære
Old Dutch: *teren
Middle Dutch: tēren, terren
Dutch: teren
Afrikaans: teer
Limburgish: taere
Old High German: zeren, zerren, zerien
Middle High German: zeren
German: zehren, zerren

→ Proto-Finnic: *tarit'ak (see there for further descendants)

Akademie-Verlag
Berlin
Wolfgang Pfeifer (etymologist)


auknaną

auknō (active first-person indicative singular)
auknaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
auknōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
auknais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
auknō (active imperative second-person singular)
auknōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
auknai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
auknōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
auknōs (active dual first-person indicative)
auknaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
auknaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
auknaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
auknaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
auknamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
auknaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
auknaþ (active indicative plural second-person)
auknaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
auknaþ (active imperative plural second-person)
auknanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
auknain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
auknanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
auknōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
auknōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
auknōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
auknōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
auknōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
auknōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
auknōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
auknōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
auknōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
auknōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
auknōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
auknōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
auknōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
auknōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
auknōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
auknōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
auknandz (active participle present)

Proto-West Germanic: *auknōn
Old English: ēacnian

Gothic: 𐌰𐌿𐌺𐌽𐌰𐌽 (auknan)

(intransitive) to grow, to become larger


aukōną

aukō (active first-person indicative singular)
aukǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
aukōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
aukōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
aukōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
aukō (active imperative second-person singular)
aukōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
aukōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
aukōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
aukō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
aukōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
aukōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
aukōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
aukōs (active dual first-person indicative)
aukōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
aukōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
aukōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
aukōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
aukōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
aukōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
aukōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
aukōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
aukōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
aukōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
aukōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
aukōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
aukōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
aukōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
aukōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
aukōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
aukōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
aukōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
aukōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
aukōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
aukōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
aukōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
aukōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
aukōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
aukōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
aukōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
aukōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
aukōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
aukōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
aukōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
aukōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
aukōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
aukōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
aukōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
aukōndz (active participle present)
aukōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *aukōn
Old English: ēacian
Middle English: eken (merged with the descendants of *aukan and *aukijan)
English: eke
Old Dutch: *ōkon (uncertain, could also be from *aukan and / or *aukijan)
Middle Dutch: ôken
Old High German: ouhhōn
Middle High German: ouchen

Old Norse: auka
Icelandic: auka
Faroese: eyka
Norwegian Nynorsk: auka
→ Norwegian Bokmål: auke
Old Swedish: ø̄ka
Swedish: öka
Old Danish: økæ
Danish: øge
Norwegian Bokmål: øke
→ Faroese: økja
Scanian: øga
Old Gutnish: auka
Gutnish: aukä

/ˈɑu̯.kɔː.nɑ̃/

From *aukô (“increase, addition”) + *-ōną.


lubjaną

lubjō (active first-person indicative singular)
lubjaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
lubjai (first-person indicative passive singular)
lubisi (active indicative second-person singular)
lubjais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
lubi (active imperative second-person singular)
lubjasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
lubjaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
lubiþi (active indicative singular third-person)
lubjai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
lubjaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
lubjaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
lubjaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
lubjōs (active dual first-person indicative)
lubjaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
lubjaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
lubjaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
lubjaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
lubjamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
lubjaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
lubjanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
lubjainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
lubiþ (active indicative plural second-person)
lubjaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
lubiþ (active imperative plural second-person)
lubjanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
lubjainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
lubjanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
lubjain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
lubjanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
lubjanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
lubjainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
lubidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
lubidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
lubidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
lubidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
lubidē (active indicative singular third-person)
lubidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
lubidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
lubidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
lubidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
lubidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
lubidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
lubidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
lubidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
lubidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
lubidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
lubidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
lubjandz (active participle present)
lubidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *lubbjan
Old English: *lybban
Middle English: *libben (found in Middle English libbyng, lybbere)
English: lib
Scots: lib
Old Saxon: lubbian
Middle Low German: lübben
Old Dutch: *lubben
Middle Dutch: lubben
Dutch: lubben
Old High German: lubben
Middle High German: lüppen

Old Norse: lyfja

Icelandic: lyfja


bautijaną

bautijō (active first-person indicative singular)
bautijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
bautijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
bautīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
bautijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
bautī (active imperative second-person singular)
bautijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
bautijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
bautīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
bautijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
bautijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
bautijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
bautijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
bautijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
bautijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
bautijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
bautijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
bautijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
bautijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
bautijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
bautijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
bautijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
bautīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
bautijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
bautīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
bautijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
bautijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
bautijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
bautijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
bautijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
bautijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
bautijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
bautidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
bautidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
bautidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
bautidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
bautidē (active indicative singular third-person)
bautidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
bautidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
bautidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
bautidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
bautidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
bautidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
bautidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
bautidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
bautidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
bautidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
bautidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
bautijandz (active participle present)
bautidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *bautijan
Old Saxon: *bōtian
Middle Low German: bö̂ten
>? German Low German: böten (possibly merged with descendant of bōtian (“to improve, heal”))
Old High German: bōzen
Middle High German: bōzen, pōzen (merged with descendant of Proto-West Germanic *bautan)
German: bossen
→ Middle Low German: bôzen, bôsen, bôcen, bôssen, bôtzen, bôschen

Old Norse: beyta

Icelandic: beyta


titrōną

titrō (active first-person indicative singular)
titrǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
titrōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
titrōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
titrōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
titrō (active imperative second-person singular)
titrōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
titrōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
titrōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
titrō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
titrōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
titrōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
titrōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
titrōs (active dual first-person indicative)
titrōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
titrōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
titrōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
titrōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
titrōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
titrōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
titrōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
titrōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
titrōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
titrōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
titrōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
titrōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
titrōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
titrōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
titrōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
titrōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
titrōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
titrōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
titrōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
titrōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
titrōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
titrōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
titrōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
titrōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
titrōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
titrōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
titrōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
titrōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
titrōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
titrōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
titrōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
titrōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
titrōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
titrōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
titrōndz (active participle present)
titrōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Old High German: zittarōn, *zitarōn
Middle High German: zitern, zittern
German: zittern
→ Middle Dutch: tzitteren [15th c.]
Dutch: sidderen
Afrikaans: sidder
→ Middle Low German: sēteren, setteren, z-

Old Norse: titra

Icelandic: titra

Faroese: titra

→ Middle English: *titeren (in titeringe)

English: titter, teeter, (possibly) didder, dither

From Proto-Indo-European *di-dr-eh₂-ti, a reduplicated formation from a root *dr- (“to run”) (thus "to move back and forth" > "to tremble"), whence also Proto-Germanic *trudaną (“to tread”). Cognate with Ancient Greek διδράσκω (didráskō, “to run”), Sanskrit दरिद्रत् (dáridrat, “to wander”).


smaltijaną

smaltijō (active first-person indicative singular)
smaltijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
smaltijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
smaltīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
smaltijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
smaltī (active imperative second-person singular)
smaltijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
smaltijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
smaltīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
smaltijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
smaltijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
smaltijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
smaltijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
smaltijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
smaltijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
smaltijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
smaltijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
smaltijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
smaltijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
smaltijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
smaltijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
smaltijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
smaltīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
smaltijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
smaltīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
smaltijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
smaltijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
smaltijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
smaltijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
smaltijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
smaltijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
smaltijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
smaltidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
smaltidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
smaltidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
smaltidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
smaltidē (active indicative singular third-person)
smaltidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
smaltidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
smaltidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
smaltidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
smaltidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
smaltidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
smaltidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
smaltidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
smaltidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
smaltidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
smaltidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
smaltijandz (active participle present)
smaltidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *smaltijan
Old Frisian: *smelta
Saterland Frisian: smilte
West Frisian: smelte, smeltsje
Old Saxon: *smeltian
Middle Low German: smelten
Low German: smölten
Old Dutch: *smelten
Middle Dutch: smelten
Dutch: smelten
Afrikaans: smelt
Berbice Creole Dutch: smelti
Negerhollands: smelt
→ English: smelt
Limburgish: smöltje
Old High German: smelzen
Middle High German: smelzen
German: schmelzen
Luxembourgish: schmëlzen

Old Norse: smelta

Icelandic: smelta

Norwegian:

Norwegian Bokmål: smelte

Norwegian Nynorsk: smelta

Old Swedish: smælta

Swedish: smälta

Old Danish: smæltæ

Danish: smelte

Gutnish: smälta

Dalian: smälta

Elfdalian: smelta


swīpaną

swīpō (active first-person indicative singular)
swīpaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
swīpai (first-person indicative passive singular)
swīpizi (active indicative second-person singular)
swīpaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
swīp (active imperative second-person singular)
swīpazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
swīpaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
swīpidi (active indicative singular third-person)
swīpai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
swīpadau (active imperative singular third-person)
swīpadai (indicative passive singular third-person)
swīpaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
swīpōz (active dual first-person indicative)
swīpaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
swīpadiz (active dual indicative second-person)
swīpaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
swīpadiz (active dual imperative second-person)
swīpamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
swīpaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
swīpandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
swīpaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
swīpid (active indicative plural second-person)
swīpaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
swīpid (active imperative plural second-person)
swīpandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
swīpaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
swīpandi (active indicative plural third-person)
swīpain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
swīpandau (active imperative plural third-person)
swīpandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
swīpaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
swaip (active first-person indicative singular)
swipį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
swaift (active indicative second-person singular)
swipīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
swaip (active indicative singular third-person)
swipī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
swipū (active dual first-person indicative)
swipīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
swipudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
swipīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
swipum (active first-person indicative plural)
swipīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
swipud (active indicative plural second-person)
swipīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
swipun (active indicative plural third-person)
swipīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
swīpandz (active participle present)
swipanaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *swīpan
⇒ Old Saxon: farswīpan
Old Dutch: *swīpan
Middle Dutch: *swipen
Dutch: zwijpen, swijpen (obsolete)

Old Norse: svípa

Closely related to the strong verb *swībaną. It seems to have adopted the -p- from the iterative verb *swippōną. Ultimately from *ksweybʰ- (“to move swiftly, swing, whip”).


sīþaną

sīþō (active first-person indicative singular)
sīþaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
sīþai (first-person indicative passive singular)
sīþizi (active indicative second-person singular)
sīþaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
sīþ (active imperative second-person singular)
sīþazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
sīþaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
sīþidi (active indicative singular third-person)
sīþai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
sīþadau (active imperative singular third-person)
sīþadai (indicative passive singular third-person)
sīþaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
sīþōz (active dual first-person indicative)
sīþaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
sīþadiz (active dual indicative second-person)
sīþaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
sīþadiz (active dual imperative second-person)
sīþamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
sīþaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
sīþandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
sīþaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
sīþid (active indicative plural second-person)
sīþaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
sīþid (active imperative plural second-person)
sīþandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
sīþaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
sīþandi (active indicative plural third-person)
sīþain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
sīþandau (active imperative plural third-person)
sīþandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
sīþaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
saiþ (active first-person indicative singular)
sidį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
saist (active indicative second-person singular)
sidīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
saiþ (active indicative singular third-person)
sidī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
sidū (active dual first-person indicative)
sidīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
sidudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
sidīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
sidum (active first-person indicative plural)
sidīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
sidud (active indicative plural second-person)
sidīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
sidun (active indicative plural third-person)
sidīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
sīþandz (active participle present)
swidanaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Old Norse: síða

Icelandic: síða

From Proto-Indo-European *séyt-e-ti, thematic root present to Proto-Indo-European *seyt-.


jungijaną

jungijō (active first-person indicative singular)
jungijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
jungijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
jungīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
jungijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
jungī (active imperative second-person singular)
jungijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
jungijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
jungīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
jungijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
jungijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
jungijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
jungijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
jungijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
jungijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
jungijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
jungijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
jungijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
jungijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
jungijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
jungijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
jungijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
jungīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
jungijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
jungīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
jungijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
jungijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
jungijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
jungijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
jungijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
jungijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
jungijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
jungidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
jungidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
jungidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
jungidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
jungidē (active indicative singular third-person)
jungidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
jungidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
jungidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
jungidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
jungidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
jungidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
jungidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
jungidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
jungidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
jungidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
jungidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
jungijandz (active participle present)
jungidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *jungijan
Old English: *ġinġan
Middle English: gingen (early)
Old Saxon: *jungian
Middle Low German: jüngen
Old High German: jungen
Middle High German: jüngen
⇒ German: verjüngen

Old Norse: *yngja

Icelandic: yngja

Faroese: yngja

Norwegian Nynorsk: yngja

Swedish: ynga

Danish: ynge, ynges, ⇒ forynge

Norwegian Bokmål: ynge, ynges, forynge