glīpaną

glīpō (active first-person indicative singular)
glīpaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
glīpai (first-person indicative passive singular)
glīpizi (active indicative second-person singular)
glīpaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
glīp (active imperative second-person singular)
glīpazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
glīpaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
glīpidi (active indicative singular third-person)
glīpai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
glīpadau (active imperative singular third-person)
glīpadai (indicative passive singular third-person)
glīpaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
glīpōz (active dual first-person indicative)
glīpaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
glīpadiz (active dual indicative second-person)
glīpaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
glīpadiz (active dual imperative second-person)
glīpamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
glīpaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
glīpandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
glīpaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
glīpid (active indicative plural second-person)
glīpaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
glīpid (active imperative plural second-person)
glīpandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
glīpaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
glīpandi (active indicative plural third-person)
glīpain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
glīpandau (active imperative plural third-person)
glīpandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
glīpaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
glaip (active first-person indicative singular)
glipį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
glaift (active indicative second-person singular)
glipīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
glaip (active indicative singular third-person)
glipī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
glipū (active dual first-person indicative)
glipīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
glipudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
glipīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
glipum (active first-person indicative plural)
glipīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
glipud (active indicative plural second-person)
glipīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
glipun (active indicative plural third-person)
glipīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
glīpandz (active participle present)
glipanaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *glīpan

Old High German: *glīfan

Middle High German: glīfen

Old Norse: glípa

Norwegian:

Nynorsk: glipa

Swedish: glipa

Unknown. Possibly related to *glīdaną or *glūpaną


skellaną

skellō (active first-person indicative singular)
skellaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
skellai (first-person indicative passive singular)
skillizi (active indicative second-person singular)
skellaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
skell (active imperative second-person singular)
skellazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
skellaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
skillidi (active indicative singular third-person)
skellai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
skelladau (active imperative singular third-person)
skelladai (indicative passive singular third-person)
skellaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
skellōz (active dual first-person indicative)
skellaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
skelladiz (active dual indicative second-person)
skellaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
skelladiz (active dual imperative second-person)
skellamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
skellaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
skellandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
skellaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
skillid (active indicative plural second-person)
skellaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
skillid (active imperative plural second-person)
skellandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
skellaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
skellandi (active indicative plural third-person)
skellain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
skellandau (active imperative plural third-person)
skellandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
skellaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
skall (active first-person indicative singular)
skullį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
skallt (active indicative second-person singular)
skullīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
skall (active indicative singular third-person)
skullī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
skullū (active dual first-person indicative)
skullīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
skulludiz (active dual indicative second-person)
skullīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
skullum (active first-person indicative plural)
skullīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
skullud (active indicative plural second-person)
skullīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
skullun (active indicative plural third-person)
skullīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
skellandz (active participle present)
skullanaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *skellan
Old English: scellan, scillan
Old Saxon: *skellan
Middle Low German: schellen
Old Dutch: skellan
Middle Dutch: schellen
Dutch: schellen
Old High German: skellan
Middle High German: schellen
German: schellen

Old Norse: skjalla

Icelandic: skella

Norwegian:

Norwegian Nynorsk: skjella, skjelle

Norwegian Bokmål: skjelle

From Proto-Indo-European *(s)kel-, probably from Proto-Indo-European *kelh₁- (“to call, to shout, to sound”) with a s-mobile.
Cognate with Latvian skaļš (“loud; noisy”) and Russian скули́ть (skulítʹ, “to whine”).


gleupaną

gleupō (active first-person indicative singular)
gleupaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
gleupai (first-person indicative passive singular)
gliupizi (active indicative second-person singular)
gleupaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
gleup (active imperative second-person singular)
gleupazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
gleupaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
gliupidi (active indicative singular third-person)
gleupai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
gleupadau (active imperative singular third-person)
gleupadai (indicative passive singular third-person)
gleupaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
gleupōz (active dual first-person indicative)
gleupaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
gleupadiz (active dual indicative second-person)
gleupaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
gleupadiz (active dual imperative second-person)
gleupamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
gleupaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
gleupandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
gleupaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
gliupid (active indicative plural second-person)
gleupaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
gliupid (active imperative plural second-person)
gleupandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
gleupaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
gleupandi (active indicative plural third-person)
gleupain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
gleupandau (active imperative plural third-person)
gleupandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
gleupaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
glaup (active first-person indicative singular)
glupį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
glauft (active indicative second-person singular)
glupīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
glaup (active indicative singular third-person)
glupī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
glupū (active dual first-person indicative)
glupīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
glupudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
glupīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
glupum (active first-person indicative plural)
glupīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
glupud (active indicative plural second-person)
glupīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
glupun (active indicative plural third-person)
glupīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
gleupandz (active participle present)
glupanaz (active participle past subjunctive)
*glūpaną (alternative)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *glūpan
Old Frisian: glūpa
West Frisian: glupe
Old Saxon: *glūpan
Middle Low German: glūpen
Old Dutch: *glūpan
Middle Dutch: glupen
Dutch: gluipen

Old Norse: *gljopa, *glúpa

Norwegian:

Norwegian Nynorsk: gljupa, glupa

Elfdalian: glaupa

Swedish: gliopa, glupa

Unknown. Possibly related to Proto-Slavic *glupъ.


kreukaną

kreukō (active first-person indicative singular)
kreukaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
kreukai (first-person indicative passive singular)
kriukizi (active indicative second-person singular)
kreukaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
kreuk (active imperative second-person singular)
kreukazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
kreukaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
kriukidi (active indicative singular third-person)
kreukai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
kreukadau (active imperative singular third-person)
kreukadai (indicative passive singular third-person)
kreukaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
kreukōz (active dual first-person indicative)
kreukaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
kreukadiz (active dual indicative second-person)
kreukaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
kreukadiz (active dual imperative second-person)
kreukamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
kreukaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
kreukandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
kreukaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
kriukid (active indicative plural second-person)
kreukaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
kriukid (active imperative plural second-person)
kreukandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
kreukaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
kreukandi (active indicative plural third-person)
kreukain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
kreukandau (active imperative plural third-person)
kreukandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
kreukaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
krauk (active first-person indicative singular)
krukį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
krauht (active indicative second-person singular)
krukīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
krauk (active indicative singular third-person)
krukī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
krukū (active dual first-person indicative)
krukīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
krukudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
krukīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
krukum (active first-person indicative plural)
krukīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
krukud (active indicative plural second-person)
krukīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
krukun (active indicative plural third-person)
krukīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
kreukandz (active participle present)
krukanaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *kreukan

Old Frisian: *krūka

West Frisian: krûke

Old High German: kriochan

Middle High German: kriechen

German: kriechen

Old Norse: *krjúka

Norwegian:

Norwegian Bokmål: krjuke

Norwegian Nynorsk: krjuke, krjuka

According to Kroonen, the verb was associated by the Germanic tribes with the unrelated *kreupaną (“to crawl”) from an early stage. He suggests that the root final -k arose from an earlier geminate -kk, which was adopted from the iterative verb *krukkōną. Related to Old Irish gruc (“wrinkle”).


kirnijaną

kirnijō (active first-person indicative singular)
kirnijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
kirnijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
kirnīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
kirnijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
kirnī (active imperative second-person singular)
kirnijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
kirnijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
kirnīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
kirnijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
kirnijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
kirnijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
kirnijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
kirnijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
kirnijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
kirnijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
kirnijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
kirnijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
kirnijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
kirnijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
kirnijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
kirnijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
kirnīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
kirnijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
kirnīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
kirnijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
kirnijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
kirnijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
kirnijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
kirnijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
kirnijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
kirnijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
kirnidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
kirnidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
kirnidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
kirnidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
kirnidē (active indicative singular third-person)
kirnidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
kirnidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
kirnidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
kirnidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
kirnidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
kirnidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
kirnidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
kirnidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
kirnidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
kirnidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
kirnidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
kirnijandz (active participle present)
kirnidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *kirnijan
Old English: cernan
Middle English: chernen
English: churn
Old Dutch: *kirnen
Middle Dutch: kernen, carnen
Dutch: karnen
Old Saxon: *kirnian
Middle Low German: kernen, karnen
Low German: karnen
Old High German: *kirnen
Middle High German: *kirnen
Central Franconian: kiere, kierne, keene, kerne
German: kirnen (rare, regional)

Old Norse: kirna

Icelandic: kirna

Swedish: kärna

Danish: kærne


þūtaną

þūtō (active first-person indicative singular)
þūtaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
þūtai (first-person indicative passive singular)
þūtizi (active indicative second-person singular)
þūtaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
þūt (active imperative second-person singular)
þūtazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
þūtaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
þūtidi (active indicative singular third-person)
þūtai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
þūtadau (active imperative singular third-person)
þūtadai (indicative passive singular third-person)
þūtaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
þūtōz (active dual first-person indicative)
þūtaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
þūtadiz (active dual indicative second-person)
þūtaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
þūtadiz (active dual imperative second-person)
þūtamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
þūtaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
þūtandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
þūtaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
þūtid (active indicative plural second-person)
þūtaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
þūtid (active imperative plural second-person)
þūtandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
þūtaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
þūtandi (active indicative plural third-person)
þūtain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
þūtandau (active imperative plural third-person)
þūtandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
þūtaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
þaut (active first-person indicative singular)
þutį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
þaust (active indicative second-person singular)
þutīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
þaut (active indicative singular third-person)
þutī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
þutū (active dual first-person indicative)
þutīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
þutudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
þutīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
þutum (active first-person indicative plural)
þutīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
þutud (active indicative plural second-person)
þutīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
þutun (active indicative plural third-person)
þutīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
þūtandz (active participle present)
þutanaz (active participle past subjunctive)


būganą

būgō (active first-person indicative singular)
būgaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
būgai (first-person indicative passive singular)
būgizi (active indicative second-person singular)
būgaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
būg (active imperative second-person singular)
būgazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
būgaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
būgidi (active indicative singular third-person)
būgai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
būgadau (active imperative singular third-person)
būgadai (indicative passive singular third-person)
būgaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
būgōz (active dual first-person indicative)
būgaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
būgadiz (active dual indicative second-person)
būgaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
būgadiz (active dual imperative second-person)
būgamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
būgaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
būgandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
būgaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
būgid (active indicative plural second-person)
būgaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
būgid (active imperative plural second-person)
būgandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
būgaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
būgandi (active indicative plural third-person)
būgain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
būgandau (active imperative plural third-person)
būgandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
būgaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
baug (active first-person indicative singular)
bugį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
bauht (active indicative second-person singular)
bugīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
baug (active indicative singular third-person)
bugī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
bugū (active dual first-person indicative)
bugīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
bugudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
bugīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
bugum (active first-person indicative plural)
bugīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
bugud (active indicative plural second-person)
bugīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
bugun (active indicative plural third-person)
bugīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
būgandz (active participle present)
buganaz (active participle past subjunctive)


drūpaną

drūpō (active first-person indicative singular)
drūpaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
drūpai (first-person indicative passive singular)
drūpizi (active indicative second-person singular)
drūpaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
drūp (active imperative second-person singular)
drūpazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
drūpaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
drūpidi (active indicative singular third-person)
drūpai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
drūpadau (active imperative singular third-person)
drūpadai (indicative passive singular third-person)
drūpaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
drūpōz (active dual first-person indicative)
drūpaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
drūpadiz (active dual indicative second-person)
drūpaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
drūpadiz (active dual imperative second-person)
drūpamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
drūpaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
drūpandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
drūpaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
drūpid (active indicative plural second-person)
drūpaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
drūpid (active imperative plural second-person)
drūpandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
drūpaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
drūpandi (active indicative plural third-person)
drūpain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
drūpandau (active imperative plural third-person)
drūpandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
drūpaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
draup (active first-person indicative singular)
drupį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
drauft (active indicative second-person singular)
drupīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
draup (active indicative singular third-person)
drupī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
drupū (active dual first-person indicative)
drupīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
drupudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
drupīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
drupum (active first-person indicative plural)
drupīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
drupud (active indicative plural second-person)
drupīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
drupun (active indicative plural third-person)
drupīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
drūpandz (active participle present)
drupanaz (active participle past subjunctive)


skrimpaną

skrimpō (active first-person indicative singular)
skrimpaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
skrimpai (first-person indicative passive singular)
skrimpizi (active indicative second-person singular)
skrimpaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
skrimp (active imperative second-person singular)
skrimpazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
skrimpaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
skrimpidi (active indicative singular third-person)
skrimpai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
skrimpadau (active imperative singular third-person)
skrimpadai (indicative passive singular third-person)
skrimpaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
skrimpōz (active dual first-person indicative)
skrimpaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
skrimpadiz (active dual indicative second-person)
skrimpaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
skrimpadiz (active dual imperative second-person)
skrimpamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
skrimpaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
skrimpandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
skrimpaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
skrimpid (active indicative plural second-person)
skrimpaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
skrimpid (active imperative plural second-person)
skrimpandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
skrimpaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
skrimpandi (active indicative plural third-person)
skrimpain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
skrimpandau (active imperative plural third-person)
skrimpandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
skrimpaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
skramp (active first-person indicative singular)
skrumpį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
skramft (active indicative second-person singular)
skrumpīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
skramp (active indicative singular third-person)
skrumpī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
skrumpū (active dual first-person indicative)
skrumpīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
skrumpudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
skrumpīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
skrumpum (active first-person indicative plural)
skrumpīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
skrumpud (active indicative plural second-person)
skrumpīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
skrumpun (active indicative plural third-person)
skrumpīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
skrimpandz (active participle present)
skrumpanaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *skrimpan
Old Dutch: *scrimpan
Middle Dutch: schrimpen
Dutch: schrimpen
Old High German: *skrimpfan
Middle High German: schrimpfen
German: schrimpfen, schrümpfen (obsolete), schrumpfen (alternatively a zero-grade, see *skrumpōną)

A variant of *skrimbaną, the root final -p- was adopted from the iterative *skrumpōną, from Pre-Germanic *skrembʰ-, related to Lithuanian skrèbti and skrembù (“to shrink”).


skrimbaną

skrimbō (active first-person indicative singular)
skrimbaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
skrimbai (first-person indicative passive singular)
skrimbizi (active indicative second-person singular)
skrimbaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
skrimb (active imperative second-person singular)
skrimbazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
skrimbaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
skrimbidi (active indicative singular third-person)
skrimbai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
skrimbadau (active imperative singular third-person)
skrimbadai (indicative passive singular third-person)
skrimbaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
skrimbōz (active dual first-person indicative)
skrimbaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
skrimbadiz (active dual indicative second-person)
skrimbaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
skrimbadiz (active dual imperative second-person)
skrimbamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
skrimbaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
skrimbandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
skrimbaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
skrimbid (active indicative plural second-person)
skrimbaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
skrimbid (active imperative plural second-person)
skrimbandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
skrimbaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
skrimbandi (active indicative plural third-person)
skrimbain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
skrimbandau (active imperative plural third-person)
skrimbandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
skrimbaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
skramb (active first-person indicative singular)
skrumbį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
skramft (active indicative second-person singular)
skrumbīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
skramb (active indicative singular third-person)
skrumbī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
skrumbū (active dual first-person indicative)
skrumbīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
skrumbudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
skrumbīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
skrumbum (active first-person indicative plural)
skrumbīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
skrumbud (active indicative plural second-person)
skrumbīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
skrumbun (active indicative plural third-person)
skrumbīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
skrimbandz (active participle present)
skrumbanaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *skrimman

Old English: sċrimman
Middle English: *schrymmen
English: shrim

From Pre-Germanic *skrembʰ-, related to Lithuanian skrèbti and skrembù (“to shrink”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kerbʰ- (“to turn around, curve”), an extension of *(s)ker- (“to turn”), related to Latin corbis (“basket”), Old Norse skreppa (“scrip”), German Scherbe (“fragment”).


skrumpōną

skrumpō (active first-person indicative singular)
skrumpǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
skrumpōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
skrumpōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
skrumpōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
skrumpō (active imperative second-person singular)
skrumpōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
skrumpōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
skrumpōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
skrumpō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
skrumpōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
skrumpōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
skrumpōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
skrumpōs (active dual first-person indicative)
skrumpōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
skrumpōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
skrumpōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
skrumpōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
skrumpōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
skrumpōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
skrumpōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
skrumpōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
skrumpōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
skrumpōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
skrumpōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
skrumpōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
skrumpōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
skrumpōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
skrumpōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
skrumpōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
skrumpōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
skrumpōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
skrumpōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
skrumpōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
skrumpōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
skrumpōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
skrumpōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
skrumpōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
skrumpōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
skrumpōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
skrumpōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
skrumpōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
skrumpōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
skrumpōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
skrumpōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
skrumpōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
skrumpōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
skrumpōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
skrumpōndz (active participle present)
skrumpōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *skrumpōn
Old Dutch: *scrumpon
Middle Dutch: *schrompen
⇒ Middle Dutch: schrompelen
Dutch: schrompelen, verschrompelen
Old High German: *skrumpfon
Middle High German: *schrumpfen
German: schrumpfen (possibly)
⇒ German: schrumpeln (with Central/Low German consonantism)

From Pre-Germanic *skrm̥bʰ-néh₂-, an iterative verb related to *skrimbaną and *skrimpaną.


glintaną

glintō (active first-person indicative singular)
glintaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
glintai (first-person indicative passive singular)
glintizi (active indicative second-person singular)
glintaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
glint (active imperative second-person singular)
glintazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
glintaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
glintidi (active indicative singular third-person)
glintai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
glintadau (active imperative singular third-person)
glintadai (indicative passive singular third-person)
glintaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
glintōz (active dual first-person indicative)
glintaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
glintadiz (active dual indicative second-person)
glintaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
glintadiz (active dual imperative second-person)
glintamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
glintaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
glintandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
glintaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
glintid (active indicative plural second-person)
glintaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
glintid (active imperative plural second-person)
glintandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
glintaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
glintandi (active indicative plural third-person)
glintain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
glintandau (active imperative plural third-person)
glintandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
glintaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
glant (active first-person indicative singular)
gluntį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
glanst (active indicative second-person singular)
gluntīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
glant (active indicative singular third-person)
gluntī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
gluntū (active dual first-person indicative)
gluntīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
gluntudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
gluntīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
gluntum (active first-person indicative plural)
gluntīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
gluntud (active indicative plural second-person)
gluntīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
gluntun (active indicative plural third-person)
gluntīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
glintandz (active participle present)
gluntanaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *glintan
Old High German: *glinzan
Middle High German: glinzen

Old Norse: *gletta, *glinta

Norwegian Bokmål: gletta

Swedish: glinta

→ Middle English: glenten

English: glint

Scots: glint

From Proto-Indo-European *gʰlend- (“to look, shine”), related to Proto-Slavic *ględati (“to look at”), Latvian glen̂st (“to scarcely perceive”), Old Irish asgleinn (“to examine”).


gawjaną

gawjō (active first-person indicative singular)
gawjaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
gawjai (first-person indicative passive singular)
gawisi (active indicative second-person singular)
gawjais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
gawi (active imperative second-person singular)
gawjasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
gawjaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
gawiþi (active indicative singular third-person)
gawjai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
gawjaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
gawjaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
gawjaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
gawjōs (active dual first-person indicative)
gawjaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
gawjaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
gawjaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
gawjaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
gawjamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
gawjaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
gawjanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
gawjainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
gawiþ (active indicative plural second-person)
gawjaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
gawiþ (active imperative plural second-person)
gawjanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
gawjainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
gawjanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
gawjain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
gawjanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
gawjanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
gawjainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
gōw (active first-person indicative singular)
gōwį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
gōwt (active indicative second-person singular)
gōwīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
gōw (active indicative singular third-person)
gōwī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
gōwū (active dual first-person indicative)
gōwīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
gōwudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
gōwīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
gōwum (active first-person indicative plural)
gōwīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
gōwud (active indicative plural second-person)
gōwīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
gōwun (active indicative plural third-person)
gōwīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
gawjandz (active participle present)
gawanaz (active participle past subjunctive)
*gauijaną (alternative)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *gauwjan, *gauijan
Old English: ġēġan, ġēn, ġǣn
Middle English: ȝeȝen, ȝeiȝen, ȝeien, yeyen
Old Frisian: *gēia
>? West Frisian: geie
⇒ Old High German: *gouwezzen
Middle High German: *gouezen, *gouzen
German: gauzen

Old Norse: geyja
Icelandic: geyja
Faroese: goyggja
Norwegian Bokmål: gjø
Norwegian Nynorsk: gøy
Danish: gø

/ˈɣɑu̯.jɑ.nɑ̃/

Unclear. Possibly from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰewH- (“to call, invoke”), related to Proto-Slavic *zъvati (“to call”).
Or from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰeh₂w- (“to gape, yawn”), related to Lithuanian gomurỹs (“palate”).


haganą

hagō (active first-person indicative singular)
hagaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
hagai (first-person indicative passive singular)
hagizi (active indicative second-person singular)
hagaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
hag (active imperative second-person singular)
hagazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
hagaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
hagidi (active indicative singular third-person)
hagai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
hagadau (active imperative singular third-person)
hagadai (indicative passive singular third-person)
hagaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
hagōz (active dual first-person indicative)
hagaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
hagadiz (active dual indicative second-person)
hagaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
hagadiz (active dual imperative second-person)
hagamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
hagaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
hagandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
hagaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
hagid (active indicative plural second-person)
hagaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
hagid (active imperative plural second-person)
hagandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
hagaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
hagandi (active indicative plural third-person)
hagain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
hagandau (active imperative plural third-person)
hagandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
hagaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
hōg (active first-person indicative singular)
hōgį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
hōht (active indicative second-person singular)
hōgīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
hōg (active indicative singular third-person)
hōgī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
hōgū (active dual first-person indicative)
hōgīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
hōgudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
hōgīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
hōgum (active first-person indicative plural)
hōgīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
hōgud (active indicative plural second-person)
hōgīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
hōgun (active indicative plural third-person)
hōgīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
hagandz (active participle present)
haganaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *hagan
Old Saxon: hagan
Old High German: hagan

/ˈxɑ.ɣɑ.nɑ̃/

Unknown. Possibly related to *hagōną (“to please, comfort”).


flaihaną

flaihō (active first-person indicative singular)
flaihaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
flaihai (first-person indicative passive singular)
flaihizi (active indicative second-person singular)
flaihaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
flaih (active imperative second-person singular)
flaihazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
flaihaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
flaihidi (active indicative singular third-person)
flaihai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
flaihadau (active imperative singular third-person)
flaihadai (indicative passive singular third-person)
flaihaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
flaihōz (active dual first-person indicative)
flaihaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
flaihadiz (active dual indicative second-person)
flaihaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
flaihadiz (active dual imperative second-person)
flaihamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
flaihaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
flaihandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
flaihaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
flaihid (active indicative plural second-person)
flaihaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
flaihid (active imperative plural second-person)
flaihandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
flaihaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
flaihandi (active indicative plural third-person)
flaihain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
flaihandau (active imperative plural third-person)
flaihandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
flaihaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
feflaih (active first-person indicative singular)
feflaihį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
feflaiht (active indicative second-person singular)
feflaihīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
feflaih (active indicative singular third-person)
feflaihī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
feflaihū (active dual first-person indicative)
feflaihīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
feflaihudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
feflaihīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
feflaihum (active first-person indicative plural)
feflaihīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
feflaihud (active indicative plural second-person)
feflaihīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
feflaihun (active indicative plural third-person)
feflaihīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
flaihandz (active participle present)
flaihanaz (active participle past subjunctive)
*þlaihaną (alternative)

Proto-West Germanic: *flaihan
Old Saxon: *flēhan
Middle Low German: vlên
Old Dutch: *flēn
Middle Dutch: vlêen
Old High German: flēhan
Middle High German: flēhen
German: flehen

Gothic: *𐌸𐌻𐌰𐌹𐌷𐌰𐌽 (*þlaihan)

⇒ Gothic: 𐌲𐌰𐌸𐌻𐌰𐌹𐌷𐌰𐌽 (gaþlaihan)

Unknown. Possibly related to *flaihaz (“insidious, deceitful”)


klinaną

klinō (active first-person indicative singular)
klinaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
klinai (first-person indicative passive singular)
klinizi (active indicative second-person singular)
klinaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
klin (active imperative second-person singular)
klinazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
klinaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
klinidi (active indicative singular third-person)
klinai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
klinadau (active imperative singular third-person)
klinadai (indicative passive singular third-person)
klinaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
klinōz (active dual first-person indicative)
klinaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
klinadiz (active dual indicative second-person)
klinaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
klinadiz (active dual imperative second-person)
klinamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
klinaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
klinandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
klinaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
klinid (active indicative plural second-person)
klinaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
klinid (active imperative plural second-person)
klinandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
klinaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
klinandi (active indicative plural third-person)
klinain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
klinandau (active imperative plural third-person)
klinandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
klinaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
klain (active first-person indicative singular)
klinį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
klaint (active indicative second-person singular)
klinīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
klain (active indicative singular third-person)
klinī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
klinū (active dual first-person indicative)
klinīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
klinudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
klinīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
klinum (active first-person indicative plural)
klinīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
klinud (active indicative plural second-person)
klinīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
klinun (active indicative plural third-person)
klinīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
klinandz (active participle present)
klinanaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *klenan
Old Saxon: *klenan
⇒ Old Saxon: biklenan (“to spread, stain”)
Old High German: klenan
Middle High German: klenen

gl

< <i class="Latn mention" lang="gem-pro">*klinjaną</i>

⇒ Old Norse: klina (weak verb) (< *klinjaną)

Icelandic: klína

Faroese: klína

Norwegian Bokmål: kline

Norwegian Nynorsk: klina, kline

From Proto-Indo-European *gleh₁y- (“to smear, glue”). Cognate with Proto-Celtic *glināti (“to glue”).


slūkaną

slūkō (active first-person indicative singular)
slūkaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
slūkai (first-person indicative passive singular)
slūkizi (active indicative second-person singular)
slūkaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
slūk (active imperative second-person singular)
slūkazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
slūkaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
slūkidi (active indicative singular third-person)
slūkai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
slūkadau (active imperative singular third-person)
slūkadai (indicative passive singular third-person)
slūkaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
slūkōz (active dual first-person indicative)
slūkaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
slūkadiz (active dual indicative second-person)
slūkaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
slūkadiz (active dual imperative second-person)
slūkamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
slūkaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
slūkandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
slūkaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
slūkid (active indicative plural second-person)
slūkaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
slūkid (active imperative plural second-person)
slūkandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
slūkaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
slūkandi (active indicative plural third-person)
slūkain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
slūkandau (active imperative plural third-person)
slūkandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
slūkaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
slauk (active first-person indicative singular)
slukį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
slauht (active indicative second-person singular)
slukīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
slauk (active indicative singular third-person)
slukī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
slukū (active dual first-person indicative)
slukīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
slukudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
slukīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
slukum (active first-person indicative plural)
slukīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
slukud (active indicative plural second-person)
slukīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
slukun (active indicative plural third-person)
slukīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
slūkandz (active participle present)
slukanaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *slūkan
Old Saxon: slūkan
Middle Low German: sluken
→ Norwegian:
→ Norwegian Bokmål: sluke
→ Norwegian Nynorsk: sluka, sluke
→ Swedish: sluka
Old Dutch: slūkan
Middle Dutch: sluken
Old Dutch: *slūhan
Middle Dutch: slūchen
German: schlauchen

Cognate with Old Irish sluccim (“to swallow”) and Ancient Greek λύζω (lúzō, “to hiccup”).


heufaną

heufō (active first-person indicative singular)
heufaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
heufai (first-person indicative passive singular)
hiufizi (active indicative second-person singular)
heufaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
heuf (active imperative second-person singular)
heufazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
heufaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
hiufidi (active indicative singular third-person)
heufai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
heufadau (active imperative singular third-person)
heufadai (indicative passive singular third-person)
heufaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
heufōz (active dual first-person indicative)
heufaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
heufadiz (active dual indicative second-person)
heufaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
heufadiz (active dual imperative second-person)
heufamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
heufaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
heufandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
heufaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
hiufid (active indicative plural second-person)
heufaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
hiufid (active imperative plural second-person)
heufandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
heufaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
heufandi (active indicative plural third-person)
heufain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
heufandau (active imperative plural third-person)
heufandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
heufaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
hauf (active first-person indicative singular)
hubį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
hauft (active indicative second-person singular)
hubīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
hauf (active indicative singular third-person)
hubī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
hubū (active dual first-person indicative)
hubīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
hubudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
hubīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
hubum (active first-person indicative plural)
hubīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
hubud (active indicative plural second-person)
hubīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
hubun (active indicative plural third-person)
hubīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
heufandz (active participle present)
hubanaz (active participle past subjunctive)
*heubaną (alternative)

Proto-West Germanic: *heufan, *heuban

Old English: hēofan

Old Saxon: hiovan, heovan, hioƀan

⇒ Old Saxon: hofna f

Old High German: hiofan, hiufan, hioban

⇒ Old High German: hiufina f

⇒ Old Norse: hjúfra

Icelandic: hjúfra

Gothic: 𐌷𐌹𐌿𐍆𐌰𐌽 (hiufan)

From Proto-Indo-European *kew- (“to howl, scream”). Possibly related to Lithuanian šaukiù and šaũkti (“shout, yell, cry”).


hlīdaną

hlīdō (active first-person indicative singular)
hlīdaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
hlīdai (first-person indicative passive singular)
hlīdizi (active indicative second-person singular)
hlīdaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
hlīd (active imperative second-person singular)
hlīdazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
hlīdaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
hlīdidi (active indicative singular third-person)
hlīdai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
hlīdadau (active imperative singular third-person)
hlīdadai (indicative passive singular third-person)
hlīdaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
hlīdōz (active dual first-person indicative)
hlīdaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
hlīdadiz (active dual indicative second-person)
hlīdaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
hlīdadiz (active dual imperative second-person)
hlīdamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
hlīdaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
hlīdandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
hlīdaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
hlīdid (active indicative plural second-person)
hlīdaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
hlīdid (active imperative plural second-person)
hlīdandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
hlīdaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
hlīdandi (active indicative plural third-person)
hlīdain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
hlīdandau (active imperative plural third-person)
hlīdandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
hlīdaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
hlaid (active first-person indicative singular)
hlidį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
hlaist (active indicative second-person singular)
hlidīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
hlaid (active indicative singular third-person)
hlidī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
hlidū (active dual first-person indicative)
hlidīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
hlidudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
hlidīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
hlidum (active first-person indicative plural)
hlidīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
hlidud (active indicative plural second-person)
hlidīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
hlidun (active indicative plural third-person)
hlidīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
hlīdandz (active participle present)
hlidanaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *hlīdan
Old English: hlīdan
Old Frisian: hlīda
Old Saxon: *hlīdan
⇒ Old Saxon: bihlīdan

From Proto-Indo-European *ḱley- (“to shelter, cover”).


sailijaną

sailijō (active first-person indicative singular)
sailijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
sailijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
sailīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
sailijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
sailī (active imperative second-person singular)
sailijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
sailijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
sailīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
sailijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
sailijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
sailijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
sailijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
sailijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
sailijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
sailijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
sailijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
sailijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
sailijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
sailijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
sailijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
sailijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
sailīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
sailijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
sailīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
sailijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
sailijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
sailijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
sailijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
sailijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
sailijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
sailijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
sailidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
sailidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
sailidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
sailidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
sailidē (active indicative singular third-person)
sailidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
sailidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
sailidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
sailidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
sailidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
sailidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
sailidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
sailidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
sailidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
sailidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
sailidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
sailijandz (active participle present)
sailidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *sailijan
Old English: sǣlan
English: seal
Old Frisian: sēla
Old Saxon: *sēlian
Middle Low German: sêlen
⇒ Old Saxon: andsēlian
Old Dutch: *selen, *seilen
Middle Dutch: selen, seilen
Dutch: zelen
Old High German: *seilen
Middle High German: seilen

Old Norse: seila

Icelandic: seila

Gothic: *𐍃𐌰𐌹𐌻𐌾𐌰𐌽 (*sailjan)

⇒ Gothic: 𐌹𐌽𐍃𐌰𐌹𐌻𐌾𐌰𐌽 (insailjan)


rukkijaną

rukkijō (active first-person indicative singular)
rukkijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
rukkijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
rukkīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
rukkijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
rukkī (active imperative second-person singular)
rukkijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
rukkijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
rukkīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
rukkijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
rukkijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
rukkijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
rukkijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
rukkijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
rukkijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
rukkijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
rukkijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
rukkijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
rukkijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
rukkijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
rukkijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
rukkijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
rukkīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
rukkijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
rukkīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
rukkijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
rukkijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
rukkijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
rukkijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
rukkijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
rukkijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
rukkijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
rukkidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
rukkidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
rukkidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
rukkidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
rukkidē (active indicative singular third-person)
rukkidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
rukkidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
rukkidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
rukkidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
rukkidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
rukkidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
rukkidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
rukkidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
rukkidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
rukkidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
rukkidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
rukkijandz (active participle present)
rukkidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *rukkijan
Old English: *ryċċan
Middle English: ricchen, riche, ruchchen, ruchen, rycchen, rychen
Old Saxon: *rukkian
Middle Low German: rucken, rüggen, rücken
German Low German: rücken
→ Saterland Frisian: rukje, rukke
Old Dutch: *rukken
Middle Dutch: rucken
Dutch: rukken
Afrikaans: ruk
Old High German: rucken
Middle High German: rucken, rücken
German: rücken, (rucken)

Old Norse: rykkja

Icelandic: rykkja

Faroese: rykkja

Norwegian:

Norwegian Bokmål: rykke

Norwegian Nynorsk: rykke, rykka

Swedish: rycka

→ Middle English: *rikken

English: rick

Scots: rick

From *rukkiz (“pull, jerk”) + *-janą, ultimately from the same source as *rukkōną (“to rock”).


saumijaną

saumijō (active first-person indicative singular)
saumijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
saumijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
saumīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
saumijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
saumī (active imperative second-person singular)
saumijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
saumijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
saumīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
saumijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
saumijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
saumijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
saumijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
saumijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
saumijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
saumijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
saumijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
saumijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
saumijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
saumijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
saumijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
saumijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
saumīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
saumijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
saumīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
saumijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
saumijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
saumijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
saumijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
saumijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
saumijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
saumijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
saumidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
saumidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
saumidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
saumidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
saumidē (active indicative singular third-person)
saumidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
saumidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
saumidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
saumidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
saumidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
saumidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
saumidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
saumidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
saumidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
saumidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
saumidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
saumijandz (active participle present)
saumidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *saumijan
Old Saxon: sōmian
Middle Low German: sȫmen
Old Dutch: *sōmen
Middle Dutch: sômen
Dutch: zomen
Afrikaans: soom
Old High German: saumen
Middle High German: säumen
German: säumen

Old Norse: seyma

Faroese: seyma

Icelandic: seyma, sauma

Elfdalian: söma


ristijaną

ristijō (active first-person indicative singular)
ristijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
ristijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
ristīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
ristijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
ristī (active imperative second-person singular)
ristijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
ristijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
ristīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
ristijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
ristijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
ristijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
ristijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
ristijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
ristijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
ristijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
ristijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
ristijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
ristijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
ristijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
ristijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
ristijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
ristīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
ristijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
ristīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
ristijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
ristijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
ristijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
ristijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
ristijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
ristijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
ristijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
ristidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
ristidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
ristidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
ristidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
ristidē (active indicative singular third-person)
ristidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
ristidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
ristidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
ristidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
ristidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
ristidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
ristidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
ristidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
ristidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
ristidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
ristidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
ristijandz (active participle present)
ristidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *ristijan

Old Saxon: *ristian

Middle Low German: risten

Old Norse: rista

Icelandic: rista

Norwegian:

Bokmål: riste

Nynorsk: riste, rista

Danish: riste

Most likely an intensive formation to *rīstaną.


klangijaną

klangijō (active first-person indicative singular)
klangijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
klangijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
klangīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
klangijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
klangī (active imperative second-person singular)
klangijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
klangijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
klangīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
klangijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
klangijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
klangijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
klangijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
klangijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
klangijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
klangijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
klangijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
klangijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
klangijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
klangijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
klangijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
klangijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
klangīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
klangijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
klangīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
klangijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
klangijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
klangijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
klangijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
klangijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
klangijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
klangijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
klangidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
klangidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
klangidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
klangidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
klangidē (active indicative singular third-person)
klangidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
klangidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
klangidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
klangidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
klangidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
klangidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
klangidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
klangidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
klangidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
klangidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
klangidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
klangijandz (active participle present)
klangidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *klangijan

Old English: clenġan

Old Norse: klengja

Icelandic: klengja

Elfdalian: klaindja

Old Swedish: klengia

Swedish: klänga

From *klinganą + *-janą. This verb gave rise to the variant *klankijaną, due to influence of an unattested iterative.


klankijaną

klankijō (active first-person indicative singular)
klankijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
klankijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
klankīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
klankijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
klankī (active imperative second-person singular)
klankijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
klankijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
klankīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
klankijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
klankijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
klankijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
klankijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
klankijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
klankijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
klankijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
klankijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
klankijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
klankijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
klankijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
klankijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
klankijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
klankīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
klankijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
klankīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
klankijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
klankijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
klankijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
klankijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
klankijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
klankijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
klankijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
klankidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
klankidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
klankidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
klankidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
klankidē (active indicative singular third-person)
klankidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
klankidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
klankidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
klankidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
klankidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
klankidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
klankidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
klankidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
klankidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
klankidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
klankidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
klankijandz (active participle present)
klankidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *klankijan

Old English: *clenċan

Middle English: clenchen

English: clench, clinch

⇒ Old English: beclencan

Old High German: klenken

From *klinganą + *-janą. A variant of *klangijaną that arose due to the influence of an unattested iterative.


gausijaną

gausijō (active first-person indicative singular)
gausijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
gausijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
gausīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
gausijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
gausī (active imperative second-person singular)
gausijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
gausijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
gausīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
gausijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
gausijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
gausijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
gausijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
gausijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
gausijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
gausijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
gausijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
gausijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
gausijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
gausijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
gausijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
gausijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
gausīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
gausijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
gausīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
gausijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
gausijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
gausijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
gausijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
gausijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
gausijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
gausijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
gausidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
gausidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
gausidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
gausidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
gausidē (active indicative singular third-person)
gausidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
gausidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
gausidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
gausidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
gausidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
gausidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
gausidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
gausidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
gausidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
gausidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
gausidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
gausijandz (active participle present)
gausidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Old Norse: geysa

⇒ Old Norse: geysir

Icelandic: geysir

→ English: geyser

→ Swedish: gejser

Icelandic: geysa

→ Swedish: gejsa


fraistōną

fraistō (active first-person indicative singular)
fraistǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
fraistōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
fraistōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
fraistōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
fraistō (active imperative second-person singular)
fraistōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
fraistōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
fraistōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
fraistō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
fraistōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
fraistōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
fraistōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
fraistōs (active dual first-person indicative)
fraistōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
fraistōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
fraistōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
fraistōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
fraistōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
fraistōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
fraistōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
fraistōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
fraistōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
fraistōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
fraistōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
fraistōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
fraistōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
fraistōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
fraistōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
fraistōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
fraistōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
fraistōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
fraistōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
fraistōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
fraistōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
fraistōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
fraistōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
fraistōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
fraistōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
fraistōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
fraistōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
fraistōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
fraistōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
fraistōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
fraistōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
fraistōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
fraistōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
fraistōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
fraistōndz (active participle present)
fraistōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Old Norse: freista

Icelandic: freista

Norwegian Nynorsk: freista

Old Swedish: fresta

Swedish: fresta

Old Danish: fræstæ

Danish: friste

Norwegian Bokmål: friste

A North Germanic variant of *fraisōną. Both forms have replaced the strong verb *fraisaną still extant in Gothic.


splittōną

splittō (active first-person indicative singular)
splittǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
splittōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
splittōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
splittōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
splittō (active imperative second-person singular)
splittōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
splittōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
splittōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
splittō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
splittōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
splittōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
splittōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
splittōs (active dual first-person indicative)
splittōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
splittōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
splittōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
splittōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
splittōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
splittōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
splittōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
splittōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
splittōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
splittōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
splittōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
splittōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
splittōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
splittōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
splittōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
splittōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
splittōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
splittōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
splittōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
splittōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
splittōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
splittōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
splittōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
splittōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
splittōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
splittōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
splittōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
splittōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
splittōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
splittōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
splittōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
splittōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
splittōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
splittōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
splittōndz (active participle present)
splittōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *splittōn
Old Frisian: *splittia
West Frisian: splitte, splisse
Old Saxon: *splittōn
Middle Low German: splitten
Low German: splitten
Old Dutch: *splitton
Middle Dutch: splitten, spletten, splissen
Dutch: splitten, splitsen
→ English: split, splice
→ German: splitten

From Pre-Germanic *splidnéh₂-, a zero-grade iterative to *splītaną (“to split”).


wratōną

wratō (active first-person indicative singular)
wratǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
wratōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
wratōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
wratōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
wratō (active imperative second-person singular)
wratōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
wratōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
wratōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
wratō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
wratōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
wratōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
wratōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
wratōs (active dual first-person indicative)
wratōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
wratōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
wratōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
wratōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
wratōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
wratōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
wratōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
wratōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
wratōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
wratōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
wratōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
wratōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
wratōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
wratōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
wratōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
wratōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
wratōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
wratōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
wratōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
wratōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
wratōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
wratōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
wratōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
wratōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
wratōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
wratōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
wratōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
wratōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
wratōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
wratōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
wratōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
wratōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
wratōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
wratōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
wratōndz (active participle present)
wratōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

⇒ Proto-West Germanic: *wratlōn

Old High German: *razzlōn

Middle High German: razzeln

Old Norse: rata

Icelandic: rata

Gothic: 𐍅𐍂𐌰𐍄𐍉𐌽 (wratōn)

Obvious cognates are only found in Baltic. See Lithuanian rodyti (“to display, show, present”).


skuttōną

skuttō (active first-person indicative singular)
skuttǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
skuttōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
skuttōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
skuttōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
skuttō (active imperative second-person singular)
skuttōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
skuttōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
skuttōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
skuttō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
skuttōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
skuttōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
skuttōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
skuttōs (active dual first-person indicative)
skuttōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
skuttōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
skuttōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
skuttōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
skuttōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
skuttōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
skuttōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
skuttōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
skuttōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
skuttōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
skuttōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
skuttōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
skuttōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
skuttōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
skuttōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
skuttōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
skuttōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
skuttōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
skuttōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
skuttōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
skuttōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
skuttōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
skuttōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
skuttōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
skuttōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
skuttōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
skuttōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
skuttōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
skuttōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
skuttōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
skuttōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
skuttōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
skuttōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
skuttōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
skuttōndz (active participle present)
skuttōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *skotōn

Old English: sċotian

Old Saxon: skotōn

Old High German: skozzōn

Old Norse: skota, *skotta

Icelandic: skota

Norwegian: skota, skotta

⇒ Old Norse: skotra

Icelandic: skotra

From earlier paradigm *skuttōþi ~ *skutunanþi, from pre-Proto-Germanic *skud-nā́-ti ~ *skud-un-ánti, iterative to *skeutaną (“to shoot”).


skurōną

skurō (active first-person indicative singular)
skurǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
skurōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
skurōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
skurōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
skurō (active imperative second-person singular)
skurōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
skurōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
skurōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
skurō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
skurōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
skurōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
skurōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
skurōs (active dual first-person indicative)
skurōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
skurōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
skurōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
skurōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
skurōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
skurōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
skurōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
skurōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
skurōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
skurōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
skurōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
skurōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
skurōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
skurōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
skurōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
skurōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
skurōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
skurōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
skurōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
skurōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
skurōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
skurōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
skurōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
skurōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
skurōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
skurōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
skurōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
skurōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
skurōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
skurōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
skurōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
skurōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
skurōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
skurōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
skurōndz (active participle present)
skurōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *skorōn
Old English: scorian
Middle English: score
English: score
→ Dutch: scoren
Old Saxon: *skorōn
Middle Low German: schōren, schören
Old Dutch: *skorōn
Middle Dutch: schōren
>? Dutch: scheuren
Old High German: skorōn
⇒ Old High German: giskorōn
Middle High German: schōren

Old Norse: skora

Icelandic: skora

From *skurō (“incision; tear; rift”) + *-ōną.


haltijaną

haltijō (active first-person indicative singular)
haltijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
haltijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
haltīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
haltijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
haltī (active imperative second-person singular)
haltijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
haltijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
haltīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
haltijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
haltijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
haltijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
haltijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
haltijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
haltijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
haltijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
haltijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
haltijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
haltijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
haltijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
haltijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
haltijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
haltīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
haltijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
haltīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
haltijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
haltijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
haltijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
haltijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
haltijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
haltijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
haltijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
haltidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
haltidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
haltidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
haltidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
haltidē (active indicative singular third-person)
haltidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
haltidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
haltidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
haltidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
haltidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
haltidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
haltidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
haltidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
haltidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
haltidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
haltidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
haltijandz (active participle present)
haltidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *haltijan
Old High German: *helzen
Middle High German: helzen

Old Norse: helta (Only attested in the passive heltask)

Icelandic: helta


hantijaną

hantijō (active first-person indicative singular)
hantijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
hantijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
hantīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
hantijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
hantī (active imperative second-person singular)
hantijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
hantijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
hantīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
hantijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
hantijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
hantijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
hantijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
hantijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
hantijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
hantijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
hantijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
hantijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
hantijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
hantijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
hantijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
hantijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
hantīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
hantijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
hantīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
hantijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
hantijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
hantijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
hantijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
hantijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
hantijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
hantijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
hantidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
hantidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
hantidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
hantidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
hantidē (active indicative singular third-person)
hantidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
hantidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
hantidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
hantidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
hantidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
hantidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
hantidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
hantidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
hantidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
hantidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
hantidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
hantijandz (active participle present)
hantidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *hantijan
Old English: hentan
Middle English: henten, hinten
English: hent, hint
Scots: hent, hynt, hint

Old Norse: henta

Icelandic: henta

From *hinþaną (“to reach, attain”) + *-janą (“causative suffix”).


hramjaną

hramjō (active first-person indicative singular)
hramjaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
hramjai (first-person indicative passive singular)
hramisi (active indicative second-person singular)
hramjais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
hrami (active imperative second-person singular)
hramjasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
hramjaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
hramiþi (active indicative singular third-person)
hramjai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
hramjaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
hramjaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
hramjaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
hramjōs (active dual first-person indicative)
hramjaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
hramjaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
hramjaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
hramjaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
hramjamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
hramjaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
hramjanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
hramjainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
hramiþ (active indicative plural second-person)
hramjaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
hramiþ (active imperative plural second-person)
hramjanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
hramjainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
hramjanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
hramjain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
hramjanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
hramjanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
hramjainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
hramidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
hramidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
hramidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
hramidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
hramidē (active indicative singular third-person)
hramidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
hramidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
hramidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
hramidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
hramidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
hramidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
hramidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
hramidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
hramidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
hramidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
hramidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
hramjandz (active participle present)
hramidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *hrammjan
Old English: hremman
Old Frisian: *hremma
⇒ Old Frisian: hrembende, hrembend (“fetter”)
Old Dutch: *remmen
Middle Dutch: remmen
Dutch: remmen

gl

>? Old Norse: hremma (“to grasp, clutch, seize”) (more likely a later derivative of Old Norse hrammr (“claw, paw”), from Proto-Germanic *hrammaz (“bent, curved”))

Icelandic: hremma

desctree

Gothic: 𐌷𐍂𐌰𐌼𐌾𐌰𐌽 (hramjan)
→⇒? Medieval Latin: adchramiō, adchrammiō, adframiō (“to vow, swear, assure”) (alternatively from Frankish *hrammjan)

to frame, enclose with a framework or fence