leusaną

leusō (active first-person indicative singular)
leusaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
leusai (first-person indicative passive singular)
liusizi (active indicative second-person singular)
leusaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
leus (active imperative second-person singular)
leusazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
leusaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
liusidi (active indicative singular third-person)
leusai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
leusadau (active imperative singular third-person)
leusadai (indicative passive singular third-person)
leusaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
leusōz (active dual first-person indicative)
leusaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
leusadiz (active dual indicative second-person)
leusaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
leusadiz (active dual imperative second-person)
leusamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
leusaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
leusandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
leusaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
liusid (active indicative plural second-person)
leusaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
liusid (active imperative plural second-person)
leusandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
leusaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
leusandi (active indicative plural third-person)
leusain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
leusandau (active imperative plural third-person)
leusandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
leusaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
laus (active first-person indicative singular)
luzį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
laust (active indicative second-person singular)
luzīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
laus (active indicative singular third-person)
luzī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
luzū (active dual first-person indicative)
luzīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
luzudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
luzīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
luzum (active first-person indicative plural)
luzīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
luzud (active indicative plural second-person)
luzīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
luzun (active indicative plural third-person)
luzīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
leusandz (active participle present)
luzanaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *leusan
Old English: *lēosan
Middle English: lesen
English: leese
Scots: lese, leis
Old Frisian: liāsa
Old Saxon: *liosan
Middle Low German: lêsen
Old High German: *liosan
Middle High German: liesen

Gothic: *𐌻𐌹𐌿𐍃𐌰𐌽 (*liusan) (in derivatives)

From Proto-Indo-European *lewHs-, from *lewh₁- (“to cut, sever, separate, loosen, lose”). Outside of Germanic, related to Hittite [script needed] (lūri-, “loss of honor, disgrace”), Tocharian A lāwā- (“to send”), Sanskrit लून (lūna, “to sever, cut forth, destroy, annihilate”), Ancient Greek λύω (lúō, “to loosen, liberate”), Latin luō (“to expiate, pay”), Old Irish asloí (“to escape”), and possibly Old Armenian լուծանեմ (lucanem) and Albanian lirë.


lutōną

lutō (active first-person indicative singular)
lutǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
lutōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
lutōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
lutōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
lutō (active imperative second-person singular)
lutōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
lutōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
lutōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
lutō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
lutōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
lutōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
lutōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
lutōs (active dual first-person indicative)
lutōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
lutōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
lutōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
lutōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
lutōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
lutōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
lutōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
lutōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
lutōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
lutōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
lutōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
lutōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
lutōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
lutōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
lutōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
lutōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
lutōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
lutōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
lutōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
lutōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
lutōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
lutōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
lutōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
lutōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
lutōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
lutōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
lutōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
lutōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
lutōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
lutōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
lutōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
lutōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
lutōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
lutōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
lutōndz (active participle present)
lutōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *lutōn
Old English: lutian, *lotian
Middle English: lotien, loten
English: lote

Gothic: 𐌻𐌿𐍄𐍉𐌽 (lutōn)

From Proto-Indo-European *lewd- (“to duck; feign; be low; be small”).


jedaną

jedō (active first-person indicative singular)
jedaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
jedai (first-person indicative passive singular)
jidizi (active indicative second-person singular)
jedaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
jed (active imperative second-person singular)
jedazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
jedaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
jididi (active indicative singular third-person)
jedai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
jedadau (active imperative singular third-person)
jedadai (indicative passive singular third-person)
jedaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
jedōz (active dual first-person indicative)
jedaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
jedadiz (active dual indicative second-person)
jedaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
jedadiz (active dual imperative second-person)
jedamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
jedaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
jedandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
jedaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
jidid (active indicative plural second-person)
jedaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
jidid (active imperative plural second-person)
jedandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
jedaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
jedandi (active indicative plural third-person)
jedain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
jedandau (active imperative plural third-person)
jedandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
jedaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
jad (active first-person indicative singular)
jēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
jast (active indicative second-person singular)
jēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
jad (active indicative singular third-person)
jēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
jēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
jēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
jēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
jēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
jēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
jēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
jēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
jēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
jēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
jēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
jedandz (active participle present)
jedanaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Old Saxon: gedan

Middle Low German: jēden

desctree

Old Dutch: gedan
Middle Dutch: gēden
Limburgish: gaeje

Old High German: getan, jetan

Middle High German: geten, jëten

German: jäten


waiþijaną

waiþijō (active first-person indicative singular)
waiþijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
waiþijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
waiþīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
waiþijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
waiþī (active imperative second-person singular)
waiþijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
waiþijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
waiþīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
waiþijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
waiþijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
waiþijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
waiþijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
waiþijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
waiþijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
waiþijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
waiþijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
waiþijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
waiþijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
waiþijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
waiþijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
waiþijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
waiþīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
waiþijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
waiþīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
waiþijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
waiþijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
waiþijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
waiþijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
waiþijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
waiþijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
waiþijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
waiþidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
waiþidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
waiþidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
waiþidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
waiþidē (active indicative singular third-person)
waiþidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
waiþidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
waiþidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
waiþidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
waiþidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
waiþidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
waiþidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
waiþidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
waiþidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
waiþidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
waiþidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
waiþijandz (active participle present)
waiþidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *waiþijan

Old English: wǣþan

Old Norse: veiða

Icelandic: veiða

Faroese: veiða

Norwegian Nynorsk: veida

Old Swedish: vēþa, vedha

Swedish: (obsolete) veda

Old Danish: wethæ

Danish: (obsolete) vejde

From *waiþiz, *waiþō, from Proto-Indo-European *weyh₁- (“to chase, pursue”).


wunāną

wunō (active first-person indicative singular)
wunaisi (active indicative second-person singular)
wunai (active imperative second-person singular)
wunāsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
wunaiþi (active indicative singular third-person)
wunāþau (active imperative singular third-person)
wunāþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
wunōs (active dual first-person indicative)
wunāþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
wunāþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
wunāmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
wunānþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
wunaiþ (active indicative plural second-person)
wunaiþ (active imperative plural second-person)
wunānþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
wunānþi (active indicative plural third-person)
wunānþau (active imperative plural third-person)
wunānþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
wunadǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
wunadēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
wunadēz (active indicative second-person singular)
wunadēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
wunadē (active indicative singular third-person)
wunadēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
wunadēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
wunadēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
wunadēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
wunadēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
wunadēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
wunadēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
wunadēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
wunadēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
wunadēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
wunadēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
wunāndz (active participle present)
wunadaz (active participle past subjunctive)
*wunēną (alternative)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *wunēn
Old English: wunian
Middle English: wunien, wunen, wonen
English: won, wone
Scots: won, wone
Old Frisian: wunia, wonia, wenja
Saterland Frisian: woonje
West Frisian: wenje
Old Saxon: wunōn, wonōn, wonon
Middle Low German: wōnen
German Low German: wohnen
Low German: wanen
Old Dutch: wonon
Middle Dutch: wōnen
Dutch: wonen
Limburgish: woeane, wónne
Old High German: wonēn
Middle High German: wonen
German: wohnen
Hunsrik: wohne

Old Norse: una

Icelandic: una

Norwegian Nynorsk: una

Gothic: *𐍅𐌿𐌽𐌰𐌽 (*wunān)

⇒ Gothic: 𐌿𐌽𐍅𐌿𐌽𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍃 (unwunānds)

A stative verb derived from the adjective *wuna(n)- (“accustomed”), a formation related to *wanaz (“accustomed”).


kōlnaną

kōlnō (active first-person indicative singular)
kōlnaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
kōlnōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
kōlnais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
kōlnō (active imperative second-person singular)
kōlnōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
kōlnai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
kōlnōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
kōlnōs (active dual first-person indicative)
kōlnaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
kōlnaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
kōlnaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
kōlnaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
kōlnamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
kōlnaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
kōlnaþ (active indicative plural second-person)
kōlnaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
kōlnaþ (active imperative plural second-person)
kōlnanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
kōlnain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
kōlnanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
kōlnōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
kōlnōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
kōlnōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
kōlnōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
kōlnōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
kōlnōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
kōlnōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
kōlnōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
kōlnōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
kōlnōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
kōlnōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
kōlnōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
kōlnōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
kōlnōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
kōlnōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
kōlnōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
kōlnandz (active participle present)

Old Norse: kólna

Icelandic: kólna

Faroese: kólna

Norwegian:

Norwegian Nynorsk: kolne, kolna

Old Swedish: kōlna, kūlna

Old Danish: kōlnæ

Gutnish: kålne

Scanian: kulna


harmijaną

harmijō (active first-person indicative singular)
harmijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
harmijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
harmīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
harmijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
harmī (active imperative second-person singular)
harmijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
harmijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
harmīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
harmijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
harmijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
harmijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
harmijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
harmijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
harmijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
harmijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
harmijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
harmijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
harmijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
harmijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
harmijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
harmijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
harmīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
harmijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
harmīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
harmijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
harmijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
harmijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
harmijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
harmijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
harmijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
harmijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
harmidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
harmidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
harmidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
harmidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
harmidē (active indicative singular third-person)
harmidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
harmidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
harmidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
harmidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
harmidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
harmidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
harmidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
harmidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
harmidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
harmidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
harmidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
harmijandz (active participle present)
harmidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *harmijan
Old Saxon: hermian
Old Dutch: hermen
→ Old French: *harnir, *hernir, *hergner
Middle French: hergner
⇒ Old French: hergnos (“evil, harmful”)
Old High German: hermen
Middle High German: hermen
German: härmen

Old Norse: hermask

Icelandic: hermast

Swedish: härmas

From *harmaz (“to harm, pain”) + *-janą or *harmaz (“to harmful, painful”) + *-janą.


harmijaną

Old Norse: herma

Icelandic: herma

Norwegian Nynorsk: herma

Swedish: härma

Danish: herme

From Proto-Indo-European *kerh₂-, *kerh₃- (“to praise (loudly)”).


kanjaną

kanjō (active first-person indicative singular)
kanjaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
kanjai (first-person indicative passive singular)
kanisi (active indicative second-person singular)
kanjais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
kani (active imperative second-person singular)
kanjasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
kanjaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
kaniþi (active indicative singular third-person)
kanjai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
kanjaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
kanjaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
kanjaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
kanjōs (active dual first-person indicative)
kanjaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
kanjaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
kanjaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
kanjaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
kanjamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
kanjaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
kanjanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
kanjainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
kaniþ (active indicative plural second-person)
kanjaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
kaniþ (active imperative plural second-person)
kanjanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
kanjainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
kanjanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
kanjain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
kanjanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
kanjanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
kanjainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
kanidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
kanidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
kanidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
kanidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
kanidē (active indicative singular third-person)
kanidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
kanidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
kanidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
kanidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
kanidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
kanidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
kanidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
kanidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
kanidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
kanidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
kanidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
kanjandz (active participle present)
kanidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *kannjan
Old English: cænnan, cennan, cynnan
Middle English: kennen
⇒ Old English: oncennan
→ Old Norse: kenna
Old Saxon: kennian
Old Dutch: *kennen

From Proto-Indo-European *ǵonh₁éyeti, causative formation to the root *ǵenh₁- (“to produce, to beget, to give birth”). Cognate with Sanskrit जनयति (janayati, “to beget, produce”).


dūbaną

dūbō (active first-person indicative singular)
dūbaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
dūbai (first-person indicative passive singular)
dūbizi (active indicative second-person singular)
dūbaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
dūb (active imperative second-person singular)
dūbazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
dūbaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
dūbidi (active indicative singular third-person)
dūbai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
dūbadau (active imperative singular third-person)
dūbadai (indicative passive singular third-person)
dūbaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
dūbōz (active dual first-person indicative)
dūbaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
dūbadiz (active dual indicative second-person)
dūbaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
dūbadiz (active dual imperative second-person)
dūbamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
dūbaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
dūbandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
dūbaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
dūbid (active indicative plural second-person)
dūbaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
dūbid (active imperative plural second-person)
dūbandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
dūbaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
dūbandi (active indicative plural third-person)
dūbain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
dūbandau (active imperative plural third-person)
dūbandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
dūbaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
daub (active first-person indicative singular)
dubį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
dauft (active indicative second-person singular)
dubīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
daub (active indicative singular third-person)
dubī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
dubū (active dual first-person indicative)
dubīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
dubudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
dubīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
dubum (active first-person indicative plural)
dubīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
dubud (active indicative plural second-person)
dubīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
dubun (active indicative plural third-person)
dubīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
dūbandz (active participle present)
dubanaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *dūban
Old English: dūfan
Middle English: duven, diven (merger with Old English dyfan and Proto-Germanic *dūbijaną)
English: dive
⇒ Old Dutch: *bidūvan
Middle Dutch: beduven
⇒ Dutch: bedoven

Old Norse: dúfa

Norwegian Bokmål: duve

From Proto-Indo-European *dʰewbʰ- (“deep”); by synchronic analysis, an apparent back-formation from the iterative *duppōną.


krīskaną

krīskō (active first-person indicative singular)
krīskaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
krīskai (first-person indicative passive singular)
krīskizi (active indicative second-person singular)
krīskaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
krīsk (active imperative second-person singular)
krīskazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
krīskaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
krīskidi (active indicative singular third-person)
krīskai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
krīskadau (active imperative singular third-person)
krīskadai (indicative passive singular third-person)
krīskaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
krīskōz (active dual first-person indicative)
krīskaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
krīskadiz (active dual indicative second-person)
krīskaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
krīskadiz (active dual imperative second-person)
krīskamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
krīskaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
krīskandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
krīskaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
krīskid (active indicative plural second-person)
krīskaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
krīskid (active imperative plural second-person)
krīskandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
krīskaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
krīskandi (active indicative plural third-person)
krīskain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
krīskandau (active imperative plural third-person)
krīskandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
krīskaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
kraisk (active first-person indicative singular)
kriskį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
kraist (active indicative second-person singular)
kriskīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
kraisk (active indicative singular third-person)
kriskī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
kriskū (active dual first-person indicative)
kriskīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
kriskudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
kriskīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
kriskum (active first-person indicative plural)
kriskīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
kriskud (active indicative plural second-person)
kriskīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
kriskun (active indicative plural third-person)
kriskīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
krīskandz (active participle present)
kriskanaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *krīskan
Old Saxon: *krīskan
Middle Low German: krîschen, krissen, krisken, kreisen, krêsen
Old Dutch: *crīscan
Middle Dutch: criscen, crischen
Dutch: krijsen
Afrikaans: krys
West Frisian: krieze
⇒ West Frisian: kryskje
Limburgish: kriesje, kriese
→ Old French: crincier
Middle French: crincier
French: crincer
⇒ Old French: recrincier
⇒ Old French: crinçon
Old High German: *krīskan
Middle High German: krīschen
German: kreischen (weak, probably through merger with the causative < MHG kreischen)
Central Franconian: kriesche, kreische
Luxembourgish: kräischen
Hunsrik: kreische

From Proto-Indo-European *grey- (“to shout”), which appears to be related to *gerh₂- (“to cry hoarsely”); see also *krēaną (“to crow, shout”), *krītaną (“to call out, scream”).

Akademie-Verlag
Berlin
Wolfgang Pfeifer (etymologist)


steubaną

steubō (active first-person indicative singular)
steubaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
steubai (first-person indicative passive singular)
stiubizi (active indicative second-person singular)
steubaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
steub (active imperative second-person singular)
steubazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
steubaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
stiubidi (active indicative singular third-person)
steubai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
steubadau (active imperative singular third-person)
steubadai (indicative passive singular third-person)
steubaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
steubōz (active dual first-person indicative)
steubaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
steubadiz (active dual indicative second-person)
steubaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
steubadiz (active dual imperative second-person)
steubamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
steubaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
steubandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
steubaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
stiubid (active indicative plural second-person)
steubaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
stiubid (active imperative plural second-person)
steubandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
steubaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
steubandi (active indicative plural third-person)
steubain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
steubandau (active imperative plural third-person)
steubandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
steubaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
staub (active first-person indicative singular)
stubį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
stauft (active indicative second-person singular)
stubīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
staub (active indicative singular third-person)
stubī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
stubū (active dual first-person indicative)
stubīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
stubudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
stubīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
stubum (active first-person indicative plural)
stubīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
stubud (active indicative plural second-person)
stubīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
stubun (active indicative plural third-person)
stubīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
steubandz (active participle present)
stubanaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *steuban
Old Frisian: *stūva
Saterland Frisian: stuuwe
West Frisian: stowe
Old Saxon: *stiovan, *stūvan
Middle Low German: stûven
German Low German: stuven
Old Dutch: *stūvan
Middle Dutch: stuven
Dutch: stuiven
Afrikaans: stuif, stuiwe
Old High German: stioban
Middle High German: stieben, stiuben
German: stieben

Traditionally derived from Proto-Indo-European *dʰewbʰ- (“to whisk, smoke, obscure”), which may be an extension of Proto-Indo-European *dʰewh₂- (“to whirl, waft, stink, shake; steam, haze, smoke”), and compared with Ancient Greek τῡ́φω (tū́phō, “to smoke”) (though Orel is skeptical of this derivation). Other theories include derivation from a Proto-Indo-European *stewbʰ- (“to drive about”), and comparison with Ancient Greek στυφελίζω (stuphelízō, “to strike hard, dash, beat, drive away”).
However, Kroonen prefers to derive the word from a Proto-Indo-European *tsewbʰ- (“to fly about”), with the same metathesis from Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Germanic as seen in *stelaną (“to steal”), and compares Lithuanian siaũbti (“to dash about”).


nanþijaną

nanþijō (active first-person indicative singular)
nanþijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
nanþijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
nanþīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
nanþijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
nanþī (active imperative second-person singular)
nanþijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
nanþijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
nanþīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
nanþijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
nanþijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
nanþijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
nanþijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
nanþijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
nanþijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
nanþijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
nanþijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
nanþijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
nanþijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
nanþijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
nanþijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
nanþijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
nanþīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
nanþijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
nanþīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
nanþijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
nanþijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
nanþijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
nanþijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
nanþijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
nanþijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
nanþijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
nanþidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
nanþidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
nanþidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
nanþidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
nanþidē (active indicative singular third-person)
nanþidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
nanþidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
nanþidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
nanþidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
nanþidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
nanþidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
nanþidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
nanþidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
nanþidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
nanþidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
nanþidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
nanþijandz (active participle present)
nanþidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *nanþijan
Old English: nēþan
Old Frisian: nētha
Old Saxon: nāthian
Middle Low German: nêden
Old Dutch: nenden
Middle Dutch: nenden
Old High German: nenden
Middle High German: nenden

Old Norse: nenna

Gothic: *𐌽𐌰𐌽𐌸𐌾𐌰𐌽

Gothic: 𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌽𐌸𐌾𐌰𐌽 (anananþjan)

Gothic: 𐌲𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌽𐌸𐌾𐌰𐌽 (gananþjan)


hittijaną

hittijō (active first-person indicative singular)
hittijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
hittijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
hittīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
hittijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
hittī (active imperative second-person singular)
hittijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
hittijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
hittīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
hittijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
hittijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
hittijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
hittijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
hittijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
hittijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
hittijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
hittijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
hittijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
hittijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
hittijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
hittijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
hittijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
hittīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
hittijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
hittīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
hittijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
hittijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
hittijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
hittijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
hittijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
hittijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
hittijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
hittidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
hittidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
hittidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
hittidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
hittidē (active indicative singular third-person)
hittidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
hittidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
hittidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
hittidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
hittidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
hittidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
hittidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
hittidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
hittidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
hittidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
hittidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
hittijandz (active participle present)
hittidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *hittijan
Old English: hittan (possibly from Old Norse instead)
Middle English: hitten
English: hit
Scots: hit
Old Dutch: *hitten
Middle Dutch: hitten

Old Norse: hitta

Icelandic: hitta

Faroese: hitta

Norwegian Nynorsk: hitta

Norwegian Bokmål: hitte

Swedish: hitta

Danish: hitte

From Proto-Indo-European *kh₂id-néh₂-ti, from *kh₂eyd- (“to fall upon; encounter; hit; cut; hew”).

To encounter; meet with; make contact; hit


ganhāną

ganhō (active first-person indicative singular)
ganhaisi (active indicative second-person singular)
ganhai (active imperative second-person singular)
ganhāsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
ganhaiþi (active indicative singular third-person)
ganhāþau (active imperative singular third-person)
ganhāþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
ganhōs (active dual first-person indicative)
ganhāþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
ganhāþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
ganhāmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
ganhānþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
ganhaiþ (active indicative plural second-person)
ganhaiþ (active imperative plural second-person)
ganhānþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
ganhānþi (active indicative plural third-person)
ganhānþau (active imperative plural third-person)
ganhānþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
ganhadǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
ganhadēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
ganhadēz (active indicative second-person singular)
ganhadēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
ganhadē (active indicative singular third-person)
ganhadēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
ganhadēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
ganhadēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
ganhadēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
ganhadēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
ganhadēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
ganhadēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
ganhadēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
ganhadēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
ganhadēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
ganhadēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
ganhāndz (active participle present)
ganhadaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Old Norse: gá

Icelandic: gá

Faroese: gáa

Elfdalian: gą̊

/ˈɣɑ̃ː.xɑː.nɑ̃/

Uncertain. The traditional connection to Proto-Indo-European *gʷʰew- (“to revere, look at”) (whence Proto-Slavic *gově̀ti (“to revere, fast”)), implying a reconstructed Germanic form *gawēną, is contradicted by the nasal vowel in the descendant Elfdalian gą̊, and comparisons to Proto-Germanic *gaumaz (“heed, attention”) are similarly phonetically difficult.

ncog

(North Germanic) to inspect; to take into account


ganhatjaną

ganhatjō (active first-person indicative singular)
ganhatjaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
ganhatjai (first-person indicative passive singular)
ganhatisi (active indicative second-person singular)
ganhatjais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
ganhati (active imperative second-person singular)
ganhatjasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
ganhatjaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
ganhatiþi (active indicative singular third-person)
ganhatjai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
ganhatjaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
ganhatjaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
ganhatjaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
ganhatjōs (active dual first-person indicative)
ganhatjaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
ganhatjaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
ganhatjaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
ganhatjaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
ganhatjamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
ganhatjaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
ganhatjanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
ganhatjainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
ganhatiþ (active indicative plural second-person)
ganhatjaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
ganhatiþ (active imperative plural second-person)
ganhatjanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
ganhatjainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
ganhatjanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
ganhatjain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
ganhatjanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
ganhatjanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
ganhatjainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
ganhastǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
ganhastēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
ganhastēz (active indicative second-person singular)
ganhastēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
ganhastē (active indicative singular third-person)
ganhastēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
ganhastēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
ganhastēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
ganhastēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
ganhastēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
ganhastēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
ganhastēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
ganhastēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
ganhastēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
ganhastēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
ganhastēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
ganhatjandz (active participle present)
ganhatidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Old Norse: gæta
Icelandic: gæta
Faroese: gæta
Norwegian: gjeta, gjete
Dalecarlian: gäta (pret. gätäd)
Elfdalian: &ᚬT (gę’tt, supine), inf. gęta
Old Swedish: gǣta
Swedish: gäta

/ˈɣɑ̃ː.xɑt.jɑ.nɑ̃/

(North Germanic) to watch, tend, take care of


bēaną

bēō (active first-person indicative singular)
bēaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
bēai (first-person indicative passive singular)
bēizi (active indicative second-person singular)
bēaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
bē (active imperative second-person singular)
bēazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
bēaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
bēidi (active indicative singular third-person)
bēai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
bēadau (active imperative singular third-person)
bēadai (indicative passive singular third-person)
bēaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
bēōz (active dual first-person indicative)
bēaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
bēadiz (active dual indicative second-person)
bēaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
bēadiz (active dual imperative second-person)
bēamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
bēaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
bēandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
bēaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
bēid (active indicative plural second-person)
bēaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
bēid (active imperative plural second-person)
bēandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
bēaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
bēandi (active indicative plural third-person)
bēain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
bēandau (active imperative plural third-person)
bēandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
bēaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
bebō (active first-person indicative singular)
bebōį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
bebōt (active indicative second-person singular)
bebōīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
bebō (active indicative singular third-person)
bebōī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
bebōū (active dual first-person indicative)
bebōīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
bebōudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
bebōīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
bebōum (active first-person indicative plural)
bebōīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
bebōud (active indicative plural second-person)
bebōīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
bebōun (active indicative plural third-person)
bebōīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
bēandz (active participle present)
bēanaz (active participle past subjunctive)
*ba- (alternative)
*bahaną (alternative)
*bējaną (alternative)

desc

Proto-West Germanic: *bāan (strong verb), *bājan (weak verb)

Old Saxon: *bāian, *bahian

⇒ Old Saxon: bāunga

Middle Low German: bêien, bêen, bêgen, bêden

Low German: boaien

Old Dutch: *bāien

Middle Dutch: *bâyen

Dutch: baaien (Belgium, dialectal; the form baaien elsewhere is from baden)

Old High German: bājan, bahen, bāen, pāan, pāwan

Middle High German: bæjen, bæhen, bæn

German: bähen (southern)

Luxembourgish: béien (archaic)

→⇒? Proto-Finnic: *peittädäk (< *bēja-)

/ˈbɛː.ɑ.nɑ̃/

From Proto-Indo-European *bʰeh₁- (“to heat up; bathe”).


splītaną

splītō (active first-person indicative singular)
splītaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
splītai (first-person indicative passive singular)
splītizi (active indicative second-person singular)
splītaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
splīt (active imperative second-person singular)
splītazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
splītaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
splītidi (active indicative singular third-person)
splītai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
splītadau (active imperative singular third-person)
splītadai (indicative passive singular third-person)
splītaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
splītōz (active dual first-person indicative)
splītaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
splītadiz (active dual indicative second-person)
splītaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
splītadiz (active dual imperative second-person)
splītamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
splītaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
splītandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
splītaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
splītid (active indicative plural second-person)
splītaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
splītid (active imperative plural second-person)
splītandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
splītaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
splītandi (active indicative plural third-person)
splītain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
splītandau (active imperative plural third-person)
splītandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
splītaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
splait (active first-person indicative singular)
splitį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
splaist (active indicative second-person singular)
splitīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
splait (active indicative singular third-person)
splitī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
splitū (active dual first-person indicative)
splitīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
splitudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
splitīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
splitum (active first-person indicative plural)
splitīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
splitud (active indicative plural second-person)
splitīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
splitun (active indicative plural third-person)
splitīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
splītandz (active participle present)
splitanaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *splītan
Old Frisian: splīta
Saterland Frisian: spliete
West Frisian: splite
Old Saxon: *splītan
Middle Low German: splîten
Low German: splieten
Old Dutch: splītan
Middle Dutch: spliten
Dutch: splijten
Afrikaans: splyt
→? English: split
Limburgish: spliete
Old High German: splīzan
Middle High German: splīzen
German: spleißen

From Proto-Indo-European *(s)pleyd- (“to split, splice”). Cognate with Middle Irish slis (“shavings, splinters”). The Indo-European root may be an extension of *(s)pley- (“to split, splice”).


raubijaną

raubijō (active first-person indicative singular)
raubijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
raubijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
raubīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
raubijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
raubī (active imperative second-person singular)
raubijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
raubijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
raubīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
raubijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
raubijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
raubijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
raubijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
raubijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
raubijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
raubijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
raubijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
raubijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
raubijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
raubijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
raubijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
raubijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
raubīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
raubijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
raubīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
raubijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
raubijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
raubijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
raubijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
raubijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
raubijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
raubijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
raubidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
raubidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
raubidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
raubidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
raubidē (active indicative singular third-person)
raubidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
raubidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
raubidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
raubidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
raubidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
raubidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
raubidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
raubidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
raubidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
raubidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
raubidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
raubijandz (active participle present)
raubidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *raubijan

Old English: *rīefan

⇒ Old English: berīefan, berȳfan

i

merged with <i class="Latn mention" lang="ang">berēafian</i>

Middle English: bireven (merged with berēafian)

English: bereave

Scots: bereve, bereif

Old Frisian: rēva

Old Norse: reyfa

Icelandic: reyfa

Norwegian Nynorsk: røyva

Swedish: röva

Danish: røve

→ Norwegian Bokmål: røve

→ Faroese: røva

→ Norwegian Nynorsk: røva

From Proto-Indo-European *Hrewp- (“to snatch”).
According to Kroonen the verb is a merger of:
* An intensive formation equivalent to *reufaną (“to tear”) + *-janą.
* A denominal formation equivalent to *raubaz (“robbery”) + *-janą.


gabidjaną

gabidjō (active first-person indicative singular)
gabidjaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
gabidjai (first-person indicative passive singular)
gabidisi (active indicative second-person singular)
gabidjais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
gabidi (active imperative second-person singular)
gabidjasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
gabidjaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
gabidiþi (active indicative singular third-person)
gabidjai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
gabidjaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
gabidjaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
gabidjaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
gabidjōs (active dual first-person indicative)
gabidjaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
gabidjaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
gabidjaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
gabidjaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
gabidjamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
gabidjaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
gabidjanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
gabidjainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
gabidiþ (active indicative plural second-person)
gabidjaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
gabidiþ (active imperative plural second-person)
gabidjanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
gabidjainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
gabidjanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
gabidjain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
gabidjanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
gabidjanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
gabidjainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
gabad (active first-person indicative singular)
gabēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
gabast (active indicative second-person singular)
gabēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
gabad (active indicative singular third-person)
gabēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
gabēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
gabēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
gabēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
gabēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
gabēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
gabēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
gabēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
gabēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
gabēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
gabēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
gabidjandz (active participle present)
gabedanaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *gabiddjan
Old English: ġebiddan
Middle English: ȝebidden, ybidden, ibidden
Old Saxon: gibiddian
Old High German: *gibitten
Middle High German: gebitten, gebiten

Gothic: 𐌲𐌰𐌱𐌹𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌽 (gabidjan)


matōną

matō (active first-person indicative singular)
matǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
matōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
matōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
matōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
matō (active imperative second-person singular)
matōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
matōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
matōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
matō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
matōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
matōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
matōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
matōs (active dual first-person indicative)
matōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
matōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
matōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
matōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
matōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
matōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
matōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
matōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
matōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
matōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
matōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
matōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
matōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
matōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
matōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
matōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
matōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
matōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
matōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
matōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
matōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
matōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
matōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
matōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
matōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
matōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
matōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
matōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
matōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
matōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
matōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
matōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
matōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
matōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
matōndz (active participle present)
matōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Old Norse: mata

Faroese: mata

Icelandic: mata

Norn: meta

Norwegian: mate

Swedish: mata

Danish: made

Elfdalian: måtå

Gutnish: mate

→ Middle French: amadouer

French: amadouer

From *meh₂d- (“to be wet”). Equivalent to *matiz (“food”) + *-ōną.


garihtijaną

garihtijō (active first-person indicative singular)
garihtijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
garihtijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
garihtīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
garihtijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
garihtī (active imperative second-person singular)
garihtijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
garihtijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
garihtīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
garihtijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
garihtijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
garihtijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
garihtijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
garihtijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
garihtijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
garihtijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
garihtijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
garihtijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
garihtijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
garihtijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
garihtijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
garihtijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
garihtīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
garihtijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
garihtīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
garihtijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
garihtijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
garihtijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
garihtijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
garihtijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
garihtijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
garihtijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
garihtidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
garihtidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
garihtidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
garihtidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
garihtidē (active indicative singular third-person)
garihtidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
garihtidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
garihtidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
garihtidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
garihtidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
garihtidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
garihtidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
garihtidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
garihtidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
garihtidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
garihtidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
garihtijandz (active participle present)
garihtidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *garihtijan
Old English: ġerihtan, ġeryhtan
Middle English: ȝerihten, iriȝten, arighten
English: aright
Old Saxon: girihtian
Old Dutch: girihten
Middle Dutch: gerechten
Dutch: gerechten
Old High German: girihten

Gothic: 𐌲𐌰𐍂𐌰𐌹𐌷𐍄𐌾𐌰𐌽 (garaihtjan)


gabindaną

gabindō (active first-person indicative singular)
gabindaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
gabindai (first-person indicative passive singular)
gabindizi (active indicative second-person singular)
gabindaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
gabind (active imperative second-person singular)
gabindazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
gabindaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
gabindidi (active indicative singular third-person)
gabindai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
gabindadau (active imperative singular third-person)
gabindadai (indicative passive singular third-person)
gabindaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
gabindōz (active dual first-person indicative)
gabindaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
gabindadiz (active dual indicative second-person)
gabindaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
gabindadiz (active dual imperative second-person)
gabindamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
gabindaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
gabindandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
gabindaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
gabindid (active indicative plural second-person)
gabindaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
gabindid (active imperative plural second-person)
gabindandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
gabindaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
gabindandi (active indicative plural third-person)
gabindain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
gabindandau (active imperative plural third-person)
gabindandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
gabindaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
gaband (active first-person indicative singular)
gabundį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
gabanst (active indicative second-person singular)
gabundīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
gaband (active indicative singular third-person)
gabundī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
gabundū (active dual first-person indicative)
gabundīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
gabundudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
gabundīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
gabundum (active first-person indicative plural)
gabundīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
gabundud (active indicative plural second-person)
gabundīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
gabundun (active indicative plural third-person)
gabundīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
gabindandz (active participle present)
gabundanaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Old English: ġebindan

Middle English: ibīnden

Old Saxon: gibindan

Middle Low German: gebende

Old High German: gibintan

Middle High German: gebinden

Gothic: 𐌲𐌰𐌱𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌽 (gabindan)


prikjaną

prikjō (active first-person indicative singular)
prikjaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
prikjai (first-person indicative passive singular)
prikisi (active indicative second-person singular)
prikjais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
priki (active imperative second-person singular)
prikjasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
prikjaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
prikiþi (active indicative singular third-person)
prikjai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
prikjaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
prikjaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
prikjaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
prikjōs (active dual first-person indicative)
prikjaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
prikjaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
prikjaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
prikjaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
prikjamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
prikjaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
prikjanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
prikjainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
prikiþ (active indicative plural second-person)
prikjaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
prikiþ (active imperative plural second-person)
prikjanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
prikjainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
prikjanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
prikjain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
prikjanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
prikjanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
prikjainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
prikidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
prikidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
prikidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
prikidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
prikidē (active indicative singular third-person)
prikidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
prikidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
prikidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
prikidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
prikidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
prikidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
prikidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
prikidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
prikidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
prikidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
prikidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
prikjandz (active participle present)
prikidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *prikkjan

Old English: priċċan

Middle English: pricchen

English: pritch

Scots: prich, prych

Old Frisian: *prikka

Saterland Frisian: prikkelje (from Low German ?)

West Frisian: prikke

Old Saxon: *prikkian

Middle Low German: prikken, pricken

Low German: pricken

→ German: pricken

desc

⇒ Middle Low German: prickelen, prikelen, preckelen

German Low German: prickeln

→ Danish: prikke

→ Swedish: pricka

Old Dutch: *prikken

Middle Dutch: pricken

Dutch: prikken

Afrikaans: prik

Old High German: *pfrichen, *pfricken

i

possibly from <i class="Latn mention" lang="gem-pro">*prekōną</i>

Middle High German: pfrecken? (possibly from *prekōną)

desc

⇒ Middle High German: prickelen, prickeln (likely from Low German)

German: prickeln

From *prikiz (“prick”) + *-janą. Likely a variant of *pikkōną (“to strike, peck”) with an emphatic -r-.


manōną

manō (active first-person indicative singular)
manǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
manōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
manōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
manōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
manō (active imperative second-person singular)
manōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
manōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
manōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
manō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
manōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
manōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
manōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
manōs (active dual first-person indicative)
manōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
manōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
manōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
manōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
manōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
manōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
manōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
manōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
manōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
manōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
manōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
manōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
manōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
manōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
manōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
manōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
manōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
manōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
manōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
manōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
manōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
manōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
manōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
manōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
manōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
manōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
manōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
manōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
manōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
manōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
manōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
manōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
manōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
manōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
manōndz (active participle present)
manōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *manōn

Old English: manian, monian

Middle English: *monien, monihen

Old Frisian: mania, monia

Saterland Frisian: moonje

West Frisian: moanje

Old Saxon: manōn

Middle Low German: mānen

German Low German: mahnen

→ Danish: mane

Old Dutch: manon

Middle Dutch: manen, mānen

Dutch: manen

Old High German: manōn

Middle High German: manen

German: mahnen

Yiddish: מאָנען (monen)

From Proto-Indo-European *men- (“to think”).


rignijaną

rignijō (active first-person indicative singular)
rignijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
rignijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
rignīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
rignijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
rignī (active imperative second-person singular)
rignijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
rignijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
rignīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
rignijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
rignijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
rignijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
rignijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
rignijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
rignijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
rignijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
rignijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
rignijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
rignijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
rignijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
rignijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
rignijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
rignīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
rignijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
rignīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
rignijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
rignijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
rignijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
rignijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
rignijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
rignijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
rignijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
rignidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
rignidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
rignidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
rignidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
rignidē (active indicative singular third-person)
rignidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
rignidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
rignidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
rignidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
rignidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
rignidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
rignidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
rignidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
rignidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
rignidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
rignidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
rignijandz (active participle present)
rignidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *rignijan
Old English: riġnan, rīnan
Middle English: rinen, rynen
Old Frisian: reina
Saterland Frisian: riene
West Frisian: reine
Old High German: *reganen
⇒ Old High German: gireganen
Middle High German: geregenen

Old Norse: rigna

Icelandic: rigna

Faroese: rigna

Gothic: 𐍂𐌹𐌲𐌽𐌾𐌰𐌽 (rignjan)


regnōną

regnō (active first-person indicative singular)
regnǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
regnōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
regnōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
regnōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
regnō (active imperative second-person singular)
regnōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
regnōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
regnōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
regnō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
regnōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
regnōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
regnōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
regnōs (active dual first-person indicative)
regnōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
regnōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
regnōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
regnōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
regnōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
regnōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
regnōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
regnōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
regnōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
regnōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
regnōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
regnōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
regnōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
regnōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
regnōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
regnōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
regnōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
regnōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
regnōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
regnōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
regnōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
regnōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
regnōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
regnōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
regnōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
regnōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
regnōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
regnōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
regnōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
regnōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
regnōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
regnōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
regnōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
regnōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
regnōndz (active participle present)
regnōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *regnōn
Old English: reġnian
Middle English: reinen
English: rain
Scots: raine, rain, rayn rayne, rane
Old Frisian: reinia
Saterland Frisian: reine
West Frisian: reine
Old Saxon: *reganon
Middle Low German: rēgenen
German Low German: regen, rägen
Plautdietsch: räajnen
Old Dutch: *reganon
Middle Dutch: rēgenen
Dutch: regenen
Afrikaans: reën
Jersey Dutch: rếgene
Limburgish: raengere
Old High German: reganōn
Middle High German: regenen
Cimbrian: règhenan, rengen (Luserna)
German: regnen
Luxembourgish: reenen
Yiddish: רעגענען (regenen)

Old Norse: regna

Icelandic: regna

Faroese: regna

Norwegian Bokmål: regne

Norwegian Nynorsk: regne, regna

Swedish: regna

Danish: regne

Elfdalian: raingen

Gutnish: regne, regn', regna


gahabjaną

gahabjō (active first-person indicative singular)
gahabjaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
gahabaisi (active indicative second-person singular)
gahabjais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
gahabai (active imperative second-person singular)
gahabaiþi (active indicative singular third-person)
gahabjai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
gahabjaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
gahabjōs (active dual first-person indicative)
gahabjaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
gahabjaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
gahabjaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
gahabjaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
gahabjamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
gahabjaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
gahabaiþ (active indicative plural second-person)
gahabjaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
gahabaiþ (active imperative plural second-person)
gahabjanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
gahabjain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
gahabjanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
gahabdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
gahabdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
gahabdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
gahabdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
gahabdē (active indicative singular third-person)
gahabdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
gahabdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
gahabdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
gahabdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
gahabdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
gahabdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
gahabdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
gahabdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
gahabdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
gahabdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
gahabdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
gahabjandz (active participle present)
gahabdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Old English: gehabban

Old Saxon: gihebbian

Middle Low German: gehebben

Low German: gehebben

Old High German: gihabēn

Gothic: 𐌲𐌰𐌷𐌰𐌱𐌰𐌽 (gahaban)


gahabjaną

gahabjō (active first-person indicative singular)
gahabjaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
gahabjai (first-person indicative passive singular)
gahabisi (active indicative second-person singular)
gahabjais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
gahabi (active imperative second-person singular)
gahabjasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
gahabjaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
gahabiþi (active indicative singular third-person)
gahabjai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
gahabjaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
gahabjaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
gahabjaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
gahabjōs (active dual first-person indicative)
gahabjaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
gahabjaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
gahabjaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
gahabjaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
gahabjamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
gahabjaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
gahabjanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
gahabjainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
gahabiþ (active indicative plural second-person)
gahabjaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
gahabiþ (active imperative plural second-person)
gahabjanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
gahabjainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
gahabjanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
gahabjain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
gahabjanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
gahabjanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
gahabjainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
gahōf (active first-person indicative singular)
gahōbį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
gahōft (active indicative second-person singular)
gahōbīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
gahōf (active indicative singular third-person)
gahōbī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
gahōbū (active dual first-person indicative)
gahōbīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
gahōbudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
gahōbīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
gahōbum (active first-person indicative plural)
gahōbīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
gahōbud (active indicative plural second-person)
gahōbīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
gahōbun (active indicative plural third-person)
gahōbīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
gahabjandz (active participle present)
gahabanaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Old English: ġehebban

Old Saxon: gihebbian


hamjaną

hamjō (active first-person indicative singular)
hamjaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
hamjai (first-person indicative passive singular)
hamisi (active indicative second-person singular)
hamjais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
hami (active imperative second-person singular)
hamjasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
hamjaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
hamiþi (active indicative singular third-person)
hamjai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
hamjaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
hamjaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
hamjaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
hamjōs (active dual first-person indicative)
hamjaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
hamjaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
hamjaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
hamjaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
hamjamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
hamjaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
hamjanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
hamjainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
hamiþ (active indicative plural second-person)
hamjaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
hamiþ (active imperative plural second-person)
hamjanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
hamjainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
hamjanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
hamjain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
hamjanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
hamjanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
hamjainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
hamidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
hamidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
hamidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
hamidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
hamidē (active indicative singular third-person)
hamidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
hamidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
hamidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
hamidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
hamidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
hamidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
hamidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
hamidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
hamidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
hamidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
hamidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
hamjandz (active participle present)
hamidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *hammjan
Old English: *hemman
Middle English: hemmen (alternatively derived from the noun)
English: hem
Scots: hem
Old Frisian: hemma
Old Saxon: *hemmian
Middle Low German: hemmen
German Low German: hemmen
Old Dutch: *hemmen (attested as chamian)
Old High German: *hemmen (in gihemmen)
Middle High German: hemmen
German: hemmen
→ Polish: hamować (borrowing from Middle High German hamen < Old High German *hamōn, a related word)

Old Norse: hemja

Icelandic: hemja

Norwegian: hemme

Swedish: hämma

Danish: hæmme

According to Kroonen, probably related to *hamô (“rod, shaft”). Orel prefers to take the word as a verbal formation from *hammō (“shinbone; ham”), though this is semantically more tenuous than Kroonen's theory.

To obstruct; restrict; restrain; hinder; hamper


spurjaną

spurjō (active first-person indicative singular)
spurjaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
spurjai (first-person indicative passive singular)
spurisi (active indicative second-person singular)
spurjais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
spuri (active imperative second-person singular)
spurjasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
spurjaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
spuriþi (active indicative singular third-person)
spurjai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
spurjaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
spurjaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
spurjaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
spurjōs (active dual first-person indicative)
spurjaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
spurjaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
spurjaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
spurjaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
spurjamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
spurjaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
spurjanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
spurjainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
spuriþ (active indicative plural second-person)
spurjaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
spuriþ (active imperative plural second-person)
spurjanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
spurjainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
spurjanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
spurjain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
spurjanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
spurjanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
spurjainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
spuridǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
spuridēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
spuridēz (active indicative second-person singular)
spuridēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
spuridē (active indicative singular third-person)
spuridēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
spuridēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
spuridēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
spuridēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
spuridēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
spuridēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
spuridēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
spuridēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
spuridēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
spuridēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
spuridēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
spurjandz (active participle present)
spuridaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *spurjan
Old English: spyrian, spirian
Middle English: spuren, spiren, speren
English: speer, spear, sper, spere, speir, spire, spyrr
Scots: speir
Old Frisian: spera
Old Dutch: *spurien, *spuren
Middle Dutch: spueren, spōren
Dutch: speuren
Afrikaans: speur
→ West Frisian: speure, speurje
Old High German: spurian, spurien, spurren
Middle High German: spüren, spürn
German: spüren
Luxembourgish: spieren
⇒ Alemannic German: gespüre
Yiddish: שפּירן (shpirn)

Old Norse: spyrja
Icelandic: spyrja
Faroese: spyrja
Norwegian Nynorsk: spyrja, spørja; (dialectal) spurja, spær, spår
Old Swedish: spyria
Swedish: spörja
Old Danish: spyriæ, spørghe, spøriæ
Danish: spørge
Norwegian Bokmål: spørre (partly from dialectal spørja)


andaswarjaną

andaswarjō (active first-person indicative singular)
andaswarjaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
andaswarjai (first-person indicative passive singular)
andaswarisi (active indicative second-person singular)
andaswarjais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
andaswari (active imperative second-person singular)
andaswarjasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
andaswarjaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
andaswariþi (active indicative singular third-person)
andaswarjai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
andaswarjaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
andaswarjaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
andaswarjaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
andaswarjōs (active dual first-person indicative)
andaswarjaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
andaswarjaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
andaswarjaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
andaswarjaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
andaswarjamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
andaswarjaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
andaswarjanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
andaswarjainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
andaswariþ (active indicative plural second-person)
andaswarjaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
andaswariþ (active imperative plural second-person)
andaswarjanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
andaswarjainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
andaswarjanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
andaswarjain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
andaswarjanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
andaswarjanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
andaswarjainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
andaswaridǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
andaswaridēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
andaswaridēz (active indicative second-person singular)
andaswaridēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
andaswaridē (active indicative singular third-person)
andaswaridēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
andaswaridēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
andaswaridēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
andaswaridēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
andaswaridēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
andaswaridēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
andaswaridēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
andaswaridēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
andaswaridēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
andaswaridēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
andaswaridēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
andaswarjandz (active participle present)
andaswaridaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Old English: andswerian; (andswarian)

Middle English: andswaren, answeren

English: answer

Old Frisian: ondswera

Old Norse: andsvara

Icelandic: andsvara

Swedish: ansvara

Danish: ansvare

Elfdalian: answar

Gutnish: ansvar'


andawurdijaną

andawurdijō (active first-person indicative singular)
andawurdijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
andawurdijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
andawurdīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
andawurdijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
andawurdī (active imperative second-person singular)
andawurdijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
andawurdijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
andawurdīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
andawurdijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
andawurdijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
andawurdijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
andawurdijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
andawurdijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
andawurdijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
andawurdijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
andawurdijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
andawurdijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
andawurdijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
andawurdijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
andawurdijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
andawurdijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
andawurdīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
andawurdijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
andawurdīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
andawurdijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
andawurdijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
andawurdijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
andawurdijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
andawurdijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
andawurdijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
andawurdijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
andawurdidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
andawurdidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
andawurdidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
andawurdidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
andawurdidē (active indicative singular third-person)
andawurdidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
andawurdidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
andawurdidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
andawurdidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
andawurdidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
andawurdidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
andawurdidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
andawurdidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
andawurdidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
andawurdidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
andawurdidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
andawurdijandz (active participle present)
andawurdidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *andawurdijan
Old English: andwirdan, andwyrdan; andweardian (< andiwerdōn)
Middle English: andwurden
Old Frisian: *antwerda, *antwerdia (< andiwerdōn?)
Saterland Frisian: oantwoudje
West Frisian: antwurdzje
Old Saxon: andwurdian, andwordian, andwordan
Middle Low German: antwurden, antworden
Plautdietsch: antwuaten
→ Polabian: antvardĕt
Old Dutch: antworden
Middle Dutch: antworden
Dutch: antwoorden
Limburgish: antjwäörje
Old High German: antwurten
Middle High German: antwurten
Cimbrian: aanbórtan
German: antworten
Luxembourgish: äntweren
Yiddish: ענטפֿערן (entfern)

Gothic: 𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍅𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌽 (andwaurdjan) (< andiwurdijaną?)

/*andiwerdōną


bigrabaną

bigrabō (active first-person indicative singular)
bigrabaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
bigrabai (first-person indicative passive singular)
bigrabizi (active indicative second-person singular)
bigrabaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
bigrab (active imperative second-person singular)
bigrabazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
bigrabaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
bigrabidi (active indicative singular third-person)
bigrabai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
bigrabadau (active imperative singular third-person)
bigrabadai (indicative passive singular third-person)
bigrabaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
bigrabōz (active dual first-person indicative)
bigrabaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
bigrabadiz (active dual indicative second-person)
bigrabaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
bigrabadiz (active dual imperative second-person)
bigrabamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
bigrabaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
bigrabandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
bigrabaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
bigrabid (active indicative plural second-person)
bigrabaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
bigrabid (active imperative plural second-person)
bigrabandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
bigrabaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
bigrabandi (active indicative plural third-person)
bigrabain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
bigrabandau (active imperative plural third-person)
bigrabandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
bigrabaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
bigrōb (active first-person indicative singular)
bigrōbį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
bigrōft (active indicative second-person singular)
bigrōbīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
bigrōb (active indicative singular third-person)
bigrōbī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
bigrōbū (active dual first-person indicative)
bigrōbīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
bigrōbudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
bigrōbīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
bigrōbum (active first-person indicative plural)
bigrōbīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
bigrōbud (active indicative plural second-person)
bigrōbīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
bigrōbun (active indicative plural third-person)
bigrōbīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
bigrabandz (active participle present)
bigrabanaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Old English: begrafan
Middle English: begraven
English: begrave
Scots: begrave

Old Frisian: begreva

Saterland Frisian: begreeuwe

West Frisian: begrave

Old Saxon: bigravan
Middle Low German: begrāven
Dutch Low Saxon: begraven
German Low German: begrawen
Plautdietsch: begrowen
→ West Frisian: begrave
→ Norwegian: begrave
→ Swedish: begrava
→ Danish: begrave
→ Elfdalian: bigråvå
→ Gutnish: bigrav', begrav', begrave, bigrave

Old Dutch: bigravan
Middle Dutch: begrāven
Dutch: begraven
Afrikaans: begrawe, begraaf
Berbice Creole Dutch: bugrafu
Jersey Dutch: bexrâve
Negerhollands: begraaf, begraev, graav, graav na
Limburgish: begrave, begroave

Old High German: bigraban

Middle High German: begraben

Cimbrian: bograaban

German: begraben

Luxembourgish: begruewen

Vilamovian: bygrōwa

Yiddish: באַגראָבן (bagrobn)

Gothic: 𐌱𐌹𐌲𐍂𐌰𐌱𐌰𐌽 (bigraban)


andasakaną

andasakō (active first-person indicative singular)
andasakaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
andasakai (first-person indicative passive singular)
andasakizi (active indicative second-person singular)
andasakaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
andasak (active imperative second-person singular)
andasakazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
andasakaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
andasakidi (active indicative singular third-person)
andasakai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
andasakadau (active imperative singular third-person)
andasakadai (indicative passive singular third-person)
andasakaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
andasakōz (active dual first-person indicative)
andasakaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
andasakadiz (active dual indicative second-person)
andasakaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
andasakadiz (active dual imperative second-person)
andasakamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
andasakaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
andasakandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
andasakaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
andasakid (active indicative plural second-person)
andasakaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
andasakid (active imperative plural second-person)
andasakandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
andasakaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
andasakandi (active indicative plural third-person)
andasakain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
andasakandau (active imperative plural third-person)
andasakandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
andasakaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
andasōk (active first-person indicative singular)
andasōkį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
andasōht (active indicative second-person singular)
andasōkīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
andasōk (active indicative singular third-person)
andasōkī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
andasōkū (active dual first-person indicative)
andasōkīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
andasōkudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
andasōkīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
andasōkum (active first-person indicative plural)
andasōkīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
andasōkud (active indicative plural second-person)
andasōkīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
andasōkun (active indicative plural third-person)
andasōkīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
andasakandz (active participle present)
andasakanaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *andasakan
Old English: onsacan
Old Saxon: andsakan

Gothic: 𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍃𐌰𐌺𐌰𐌽 (andsakan)