fawjaną

fawjō (active first-person indicative singular)
fawjaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
fawjai (first-person indicative passive singular)
fawisi (active indicative second-person singular)
fawjais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
fawi (active imperative second-person singular)
fawjasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
fawjaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
fawiþi (active indicative singular third-person)
fawjai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
fawjaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
fawjaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
fawjaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
fawjōs (active dual first-person indicative)
fawjaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
fawjaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
fawjaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
fawjaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
fawjamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
fawjaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
fawjanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
fawjainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
fawiþ (active indicative plural second-person)
fawjaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
fawiþ (active imperative plural second-person)
fawjanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
fawjainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
fawjanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
fawjain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
fawjanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
fawjanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
fawjainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
fawidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
fawidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
fawidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
fawidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
fawidē (active indicative singular third-person)
fawidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
fawidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
fawidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
fawidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
fawidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
fawidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
fawidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
fawidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
fawidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
fawidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
fawidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
fawjandz (active participle present)
fawidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Old Norse: feyja

Icelandic: feyja

From Proto-Indo-European *puH- (“rotten, foul”).

der

/ˈɸɑu̯.jɑ.nɑ̃/


fawjaną

Old High German: fowen, fewen

Middle High German: vewen

Cimbrian: vöoban, böoban (Mezzaselva)

From Proto-Indo-European *pewH- (“to cleanse, purify”). Cognate Latin purus.

/ˈɸɑu̯.jɑ.nɑ̃/


hnajjaną

hnajjō (active first-person indicative singular)
hnajjaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
hnajjai (first-person indicative passive singular)
hnajisi (active indicative second-person singular)
hnajjais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
hnaji (active imperative second-person singular)
hnajjasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
hnajjaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
hnajiþi (active indicative singular third-person)
hnajjai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
hnajjaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
hnajjaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
hnajjaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
hnajjōs (active dual first-person indicative)
hnajjaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
hnajjaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
hnajjaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
hnajjaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
hnajjamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
hnajjaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
hnajjanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
hnajjainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
hnajiþ (active indicative plural second-person)
hnajjaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
hnajiþ (active imperative plural second-person)
hnajjanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
hnajjainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
hnajjanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
hnajjain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
hnajjanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
hnajjanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
hnajjainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
hnajidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
hnajidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
hnajidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
hnajidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
hnajidē (active indicative singular third-person)
hnajidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
hnajidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
hnajidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
hnajidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
hnajidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
hnajidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
hnajidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
hnajidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
hnajidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
hnajidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
hnajidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
hnajjandz (active participle present)
hnajidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *hnaijan
Old English: hnǣġan
Middle English: neighen, neyen, neȝen, neiȝen
English: neigh
Scots: neche, nech, neich
Old Saxon: *hnēgian, *hnēhian
Middle Low German: nêigen, nigen, nîhen, nîhahen, nihagen, nyhan, nyhagen, nêien
Low German: nöjen (Westphalian)
⇒ Old Saxon: tōhnēgian
Old Dutch: *hneien
Middle Dutch: neyen, neien
Dutch: neien
Old High German: *neijen, *neigen
Middle High German: *neigen, negen

Old Norse: hneggja

Icelandic: hneggja


sleupaną

sleupō (active first-person indicative singular)
sleupaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
sleupai (first-person indicative passive singular)
sliupizi (active indicative second-person singular)
sleupaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
sleup (active imperative second-person singular)
sleupazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
sleupaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
sliupidi (active indicative singular third-person)
sleupai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
sleupadau (active imperative singular third-person)
sleupadai (indicative passive singular third-person)
sleupaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
sleupōz (active dual first-person indicative)
sleupaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
sleupadiz (active dual indicative second-person)
sleupaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
sleupadiz (active dual imperative second-person)
sleupamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
sleupaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
sleupandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
sleupaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
sliupid (active indicative plural second-person)
sleupaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
sliupid (active imperative plural second-person)
sleupandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
sleupaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
sleupandi (active indicative plural third-person)
sleupain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
sleupandau (active imperative plural third-person)
sleupandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
sleupaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
slaup (active first-person indicative singular)
slupį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
slauft (active indicative second-person singular)
slupīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
slaup (active indicative singular third-person)
slupī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
slupū (active dual first-person indicative)
slupīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
slupudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
slupīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
slupum (active first-person indicative plural)
slupīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
slupud (active indicative plural second-person)
slupīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
slupun (active indicative plural third-person)
slupīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
sleupandz (active participle present)
slupanaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *sleupan
Old English: slūpan
Old Frisian: *slūpa
⇒ Saterland Frisian: sluupje
West Frisian: slûpe
Old Saxon: *slūpan
Middle Low German: slûpen
German Low German: slupen
Old Dutch: slūpen
Middle Dutch: slupen
Dutch: sluipen
Afrikaans: sluip
Old High German: sliofan
Middle High German: sliefen
German: schliefen

Gothic: 𐍃𐌻𐌹𐌿𐍀𐌰𐌽 (sliupan)

According to Kroonen, a strong verb back-formed from the iterative verb *sluppōną, from a Proto-Indo-European *slewp- (“to slip, glide”), and cognate with Lithuanian įslupti (“to slip into”), Latvian šļupt (“to slip”).

der

To creep, slink, sneak, slip (move quietly or stealthily)


hnīpaną

hnīpō (active first-person indicative singular)
hnīpaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
hnīpai (first-person indicative passive singular)
hnīpizi (active indicative second-person singular)
hnīpaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
hnīp (active imperative second-person singular)
hnīpazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
hnīpaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
hnīpidi (active indicative singular third-person)
hnīpai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
hnīpadau (active imperative singular third-person)
hnīpadai (indicative passive singular third-person)
hnīpaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
hnīpōz (active dual first-person indicative)
hnīpaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
hnīpadiz (active dual indicative second-person)
hnīpaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
hnīpadiz (active dual imperative second-person)
hnīpamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
hnīpaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
hnīpandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
hnīpaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
hnīpid (active indicative plural second-person)
hnīpaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
hnīpid (active imperative plural second-person)
hnīpandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
hnīpaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
hnīpandi (active indicative plural third-person)
hnīpain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
hnīpandau (active imperative plural third-person)
hnīpandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
hnīpaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
hnaip (active first-person indicative singular)
hnipį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
hnaift (active indicative second-person singular)
hnipīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
hnaip (active indicative singular third-person)
hnipī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
hnipū (active dual first-person indicative)
hnipīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
hnipudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
hnipīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
hnipum (active first-person indicative plural)
hnipīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
hnipud (active indicative plural second-person)
hnipīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
hnipun (active indicative plural third-person)
hnipīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
hnīpandz (active participle present)
hnipanaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *hnīpan
Old Saxon: *hnīpan
Middle Low German: nîpen
Old Dutch: *nīpen
Middle Dutch: nipen
Dutch: nijpen

From Proto-Indo-European *kneybʰ-. The root final -p was adopted from the iterative *hnippōną.
Likely related to *knīpaną, but it's unclear how the variation of the initial consonant arose.


knīpaną

knīpō (active first-person indicative singular)
knīpaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
knīpai (first-person indicative passive singular)
knīpizi (active indicative second-person singular)
knīpaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
knīp (active imperative second-person singular)
knīpazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
knīpaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
knīpidi (active indicative singular third-person)
knīpai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
knīpadau (active imperative singular third-person)
knīpadai (indicative passive singular third-person)
knīpaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
knīpōz (active dual first-person indicative)
knīpaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
knīpadiz (active dual indicative second-person)
knīpaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
knīpadiz (active dual imperative second-person)
knīpamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
knīpaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
knīpandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
knīpaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
knīpid (active indicative plural second-person)
knīpaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
knīpid (active imperative plural second-person)
knīpandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
knīpaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
knīpandi (active indicative plural third-person)
knīpain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
knīpandau (active imperative plural third-person)
knīpandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
knīpaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
knaip (active first-person indicative singular)
knipį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
knaift (active indicative second-person singular)
knipīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
knaip (active indicative singular third-person)
knipī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
knipū (active dual first-person indicative)
knipīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
knipudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
knipīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
knipum (active first-person indicative plural)
knipīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
knipud (active indicative plural second-person)
knipīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
knipun (active indicative plural third-person)
knipīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
knīpandz (active participle present)
knipanaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *knīpan
Old Frisian: *knīpa
Saterland Frisian: kniepe
West Frisian: knipe
⇒ West Frisian: knypje
Old Saxon: *knīpan
Middle Low German: knîpen
German Low German: kniepen
→ German: kniepen
→ Middle High German: *knīpen (attested in knīpzange)
German: kneipen
⇒ German: kneifen
Yiddish: קנײַפּן (knaypn)
→ Swedish: knipa
Old Dutch: *cnīpan
Middle Dutch: knîpen
Dutch: knijpen
Afrikaans: knyp
Limburgish: kniepe
→? Central Franconian: kniepe, kneipe
Luxembourgish: knäipen
→? Middle English: *knipen, *knippen, nippen
English: nip, knipe (dialectal)
Scots: knipe, knip, nipe, nip

From Proto-Indo-European *ǵneybʰ- (“to pinch”). The root final -p was adopted from or influenced by the iterative *knippōną (“to pinch, cut, snap”); see there for more.
Likely related to *hnīpaną (“to pinch, squeeze”), but it's unclear how the variation of the initial consonant arose.


skamāną

skamō (active first-person indicative singular)
skamaisi (active indicative second-person singular)
skamai (active imperative second-person singular)
skamāsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
skamaiþi (active indicative singular third-person)
skamāþau (active imperative singular third-person)
skamāþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
skamōs (active dual first-person indicative)
skamāþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
skamāþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
skamāmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
skamānþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
skamaiþ (active indicative plural second-person)
skamaiþ (active imperative plural second-person)
skamānþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
skamānþi (active indicative plural third-person)
skamānþau (active imperative plural third-person)
skamānþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
skamadǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
skamadēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
skamadēz (active indicative second-person singular)
skamadēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
skamadē (active indicative singular third-person)
skamadēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
skamadēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
skamadēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
skamadēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
skamadēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
skamadēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
skamadēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
skamadēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
skamadēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
skamadēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
skamadēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
skamāndz (active participle present)
skamadaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *skamēn
Old English: sċamian
Middle English: schamen
English: shame
Old Frisian: skamia
Old Dutch: scamon
Middle Dutch: schāmen
Dutch: schamen
Afrikaans: skaam
Old High German: scamēn, scamōn
German: schämen
Bavarian: schaman

Old Norse: skamma

Danish: skamme

Icelandic: skamma

Norwegian Bokmål: skamme

Gothic: 𐍃𐌺𐌰𐌼𐌰𐌽 (skaman)


fīsaną

fīsō (active first-person indicative singular)
fīsaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
fīsai (first-person indicative passive singular)
fīsizi (active indicative second-person singular)
fīsaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
fīs (active imperative second-person singular)
fīsazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
fīsaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
fīsidi (active indicative singular third-person)
fīsai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
fīsadau (active imperative singular third-person)
fīsadai (indicative passive singular third-person)
fīsaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
fīsōz (active dual first-person indicative)
fīsaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
fīsadiz (active dual indicative second-person)
fīsaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
fīsadiz (active dual imperative second-person)
fīsamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
fīsaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
fīsandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
fīsaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
fīsid (active indicative plural second-person)
fīsaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
fīsid (active imperative plural second-person)
fīsandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
fīsaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
fīsandi (active indicative plural third-person)
fīsain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
fīsandau (active imperative plural third-person)
fīsandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
fīsaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
fais (active first-person indicative singular)
fisį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
faist (active indicative second-person singular)
fisīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
fais (active indicative singular third-person)
fisī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
fisū (active dual first-person indicative)
fisīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
fisudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
fisīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
fisum (active first-person indicative plural)
fisīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
fisud (active indicative plural second-person)
fisīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
fisun (active indicative plural third-person)
fisīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
fīsandz (active participle present)
fisanaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *fīsan
Old High German: *fīsan
Middle High German: vīsen

Old Norse: físa

Icelandic: físa

Faroese: físa

Old Swedish: fisa

Swedish: fisa

Norwegian:

Norwegian Bokmål: fise

Norwegian Nynorsk: fise, fisa

Old Danish:

Danish: fise

From Proto-Indo-European *(s)peys-. Cognate with Latin spīrō.


gīnaną

gīnō (active first-person indicative singular)
gīnaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
gīnai (first-person indicative passive singular)
gīnizi (active indicative second-person singular)
gīnaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
gīn (active imperative second-person singular)
gīnazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
gīnaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
gīnidi (active indicative singular third-person)
gīnai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
gīnadau (active imperative singular third-person)
gīnadai (indicative passive singular third-person)
gīnaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
gīnōz (active dual first-person indicative)
gīnaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
gīnadiz (active dual indicative second-person)
gīnaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
gīnadiz (active dual imperative second-person)
gīnamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
gīnaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
gīnandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
gīnaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
gīnid (active indicative plural second-person)
gīnaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
gīnid (active imperative plural second-person)
gīnandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
gīnaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
gīnandi (active indicative plural third-person)
gīnain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
gīnandau (active imperative plural third-person)
gīnandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
gīnaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
gain (active first-person indicative singular)
ginį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
gaint (active indicative second-person singular)
ginīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
gain (active indicative singular third-person)
ginī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
ginū (active dual first-person indicative)
ginīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
ginudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
ginīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
ginum (active first-person indicative plural)
ginīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
ginud (active indicative plural second-person)
ginīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
ginun (active indicative plural third-person)
ginīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
gīnandz (active participle present)
ginanaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *gīnan
Old English: ġīnan
Old Saxon: gīnan

Old Norse: gína
Icelandic: gína
Faroese: gina
Norwegian Nynorsk: gina

From Proto-Indo-European *gʰh₂ey-, itself from *ǵʰeh₂- (“to gape, yawn”).


þwīnaną

þwīnō (active first-person indicative singular)
þwīnaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
þwīnai (first-person indicative passive singular)
þwīnizi (active indicative second-person singular)
þwīnaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
þwīn (active imperative second-person singular)
þwīnazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
þwīnaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
þwīnidi (active indicative singular third-person)
þwīnai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
þwīnadau (active imperative singular third-person)
þwīnadai (indicative passive singular third-person)
þwīnaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
þwīnōz (active dual first-person indicative)
þwīnaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
þwīnadiz (active dual indicative second-person)
þwīnaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
þwīnadiz (active dual imperative second-person)
þwīnamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
þwīnaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
þwīnandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
þwīnaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
þwīnid (active indicative plural second-person)
þwīnaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
þwīnid (active imperative plural second-person)
þwīnandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
þwīnaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
þwīnandi (active indicative plural third-person)
þwīnain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
þwīnandau (active imperative plural third-person)
þwīnandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
þwīnaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
þwain (active first-person indicative singular)
þwinį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
þwaint (active indicative second-person singular)
þwinīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
þwain (active indicative singular third-person)
þwinī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
þwinū (active dual first-person indicative)
þwinīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
þwinudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
þwinīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
þwinum (active first-person indicative plural)
þwinīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
þwinud (active indicative plural second-person)
þwinīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
þwinun (active indicative plural third-person)
þwinīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
þwīnandz (active participle present)
þwinanaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *þwīnan
Old English: þwīnan

Old Norse: þvína

Swedish: tvina

Danish: tvine

From Proto-Indo-European *dʰgʷʰey- (“to decline, perish”).
According to Kroonen the development of the initial consonant cluster was unstable, leading to the doublets *dwīnaną and *swīnaną.
An older hypothesis compares Ancient Greek σῑ́νομαι (sī́nomai, “to damage, injure, devastate, plunder”), itself of disputed origin.


swīnaną

swīnō (active first-person indicative singular)
swīnaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
swīnai (first-person indicative passive singular)
swīnizi (active indicative second-person singular)
swīnaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
swīn (active imperative second-person singular)
swīnazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
swīnaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
swīnidi (active indicative singular third-person)
swīnai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
swīnadau (active imperative singular third-person)
swīnadai (indicative passive singular third-person)
swīnaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
swīnōz (active dual first-person indicative)
swīnaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
swīnadiz (active dual indicative second-person)
swīnaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
swīnadiz (active dual imperative second-person)
swīnamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
swīnaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
swīnandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
swīnaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
swīnid (active indicative plural second-person)
swīnaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
swīnid (active imperative plural second-person)
swīnandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
swīnaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
swīnandi (active indicative plural third-person)
swīnain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
swīnandau (active imperative plural third-person)
swīnandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
swīnaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
swain (active first-person indicative singular)
swinį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
swaint (active indicative second-person singular)
swinīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
swain (active indicative singular third-person)
swinī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
swinū (active dual first-person indicative)
swinīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
swinudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
swinīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
swinum (active first-person indicative plural)
swinīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
swinud (active indicative plural second-person)
swinīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
swinun (active indicative plural third-person)
swinīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
swīnandz (active participle present)
swinanaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *swīnan
Old Saxon: *swīnan
Middle Low German: swînen
Old Dutch: *swīnan
Middle Dutch: swînen
Dutch: swijnen (obsolete)
Old High German: swīnan
Middle High German: swīnen
Alemannic German: schwiine
German: schweinen (obsolete)

Old Norse: svína

Icelandic: svína

From Proto-Indo-European *dʰgʷʰey- (“to decline, perish”).
According to Kroonen the development of the initial consonant cluster was unstable, leading to the doublets *dwīnaną and *þwīnaną.


magrijaną

magrijō (active first-person indicative singular)
magrijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
magrijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
magrīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
magrijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
magrī (active imperative second-person singular)
magrijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
magrijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
magrīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
magrijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
magrijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
magrijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
magrijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
magrijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
magrijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
magrijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
magrijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
magrijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
magrijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
magrijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
magrijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
magrijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
magrīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
magrijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
magrīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
magrijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
magrijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
magrijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
magrijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
magrijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
magrijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
magrijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
magridǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
magridēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
magridēz (active indicative second-person singular)
magridēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
magridē (active indicative singular third-person)
magridēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
magridēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
magridēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
magridēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
magridēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
magridēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
magridēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
magridēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
magridēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
magridēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
magridēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
magrijandz (active participle present)
magridaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *magrijan
Old English: mægerian
Old Saxon: *magerian
Middle Low German: māgeren
Old Dutch: *mageren
Middle Dutch: māgeren
Dutch: mageren
Old High German: magaren
Middle High German: mageren, megeren
German: magern

Old Norse: megra

Icelandic: megra


glīmaną

glīmō (active first-person indicative singular)
glīmaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
glīmai (first-person indicative passive singular)
glīmizi (active indicative second-person singular)
glīmaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
glīm (active imperative second-person singular)
glīmazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
glīmaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
glīmidi (active indicative singular third-person)
glīmai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
glīmadau (active imperative singular third-person)
glīmadai (indicative passive singular third-person)
glīmaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
glīmōz (active dual first-person indicative)
glīmaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
glīmadiz (active dual indicative second-person)
glīmaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
glīmadiz (active dual imperative second-person)
glīmamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
glīmaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
glīmandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
glīmaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
glīmid (active indicative plural second-person)
glīmaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
glīmid (active imperative plural second-person)
glīmandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
glīmaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
glīmandi (active indicative plural third-person)
glīmain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
glīmandau (active imperative plural third-person)
glīmandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
glīmaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
glaim (active first-person indicative singular)
glimį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
glaimt (active indicative second-person singular)
glimīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
glaim (active indicative singular third-person)
glimī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
glimū (active dual first-person indicative)
glimīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
glimudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
glimīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
glimum (active first-person indicative plural)
glimīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
glimud (active indicative plural second-person)
glimīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
glimun (active indicative plural third-person)
glimīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
glīmandz (active participle present)
glimanaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *glīman
Old High German: *glīman
Middle High German: glīmen

Old Norse: glíma

Norwegian: glima

A strong verb derived from Pre-Germanic *ǵʰleymós (“shine”), an extension of *ǵʰley-.


ōgijaną

ōgijō (active first-person indicative singular)
ōgijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
ōgijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
ōgīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
ōgijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
ōgī (active imperative second-person singular)
ōgijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
ōgijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
ōgīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
ōgijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
ōgijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
ōgijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
ōgijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
ōgijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
ōgijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
ōgijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
ōgijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
ōgijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
ōgijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
ōgijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
ōgijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
ōgijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
ōgīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
ōgijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
ōgīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
ōgijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
ōgijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
ōgijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
ōgijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
ōgijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
ōgijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
ōgijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
ōgidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
ōgidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
ōgidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
ōgidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
ōgidē (active indicative singular third-person)
ōgidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
ōgidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
ōgidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
ōgidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
ōgidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
ōgidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
ōgidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
ōgidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
ōgidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
ōgidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
ōgidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
ōgijandz (active participle present)
ōgidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Old English: onēġan

Old Norse: ǿgja

Icelandic: ægja

Gothic: 𐍉𐌲𐌾𐌰𐌽 (ōgjan)

Causative of *aganą (“to fear”). Compare *agjaną as evidenced by Gothic *𐌰𐌲𐌾𐌰𐌽 (*agjan, “to frighten”), which is the inherited causative with similar meaning.

Brill Publishers
Helmut Rix
Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben


skautijaną

skautijō (active first-person indicative singular)
skautijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
skautijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
skautīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
skautijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
skautī (active imperative second-person singular)
skautijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
skautijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
skautīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
skautijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
skautijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
skautijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
skautijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
skautijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
skautijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
skautijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
skautijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
skautijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
skautijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
skautijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
skautijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
skautijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
skautīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
skautijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
skautīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
skautijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
skautijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
skautijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
skautijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
skautijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
skautijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
skautijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
skautidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
skautidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
skautidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
skautidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
skautidē (active indicative singular third-person)
skautidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
skautidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
skautidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
skautidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
skautidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
skautidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
skautidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
skautidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
skautidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
skautidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
skautidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
skautijandz (active participle present)
skautidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Old Saxon:

Middle Low German: schœten

Old Norse: skeyta

Icelandic: skeyta


skildijaną

skildijō (active first-person indicative singular)
skildijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
skildijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
skildīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
skildijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
skildī (active imperative second-person singular)
skildijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
skildijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
skildīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
skildijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
skildijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
skildijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
skildijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
skildijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
skildijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
skildijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
skildijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
skildijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
skildijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
skildijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
skildijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
skildijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
skildīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
skildijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
skildīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
skildijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
skildijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
skildijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
skildijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
skildijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
skildijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
skildijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
skildidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
skildidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
skildidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
skildidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
skildidē (active indicative singular third-person)
skildidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
skildidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
skildidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
skildidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
skildidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
skildidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
skildidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
skildidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
skildidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
skildidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
skildidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
skildijandz (active participle present)
skildidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *skildijan
Old English: sċildan, sċieldan
Middle English: schelden, schilden
English: shield
Scots: scheld, scheild
Old High German: *skilten
Middle High German: schilten
German: schilden

Old Norse: skilda

Icelandic: skilda


gramitjaną

gramitjō (active first-person indicative singular)
gramitjaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
gramitjai (first-person indicative passive singular)
gramitisi (active indicative second-person singular)
gramitjais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
gramiti (active imperative second-person singular)
gramitjasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
gramitjaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
gramitiþi (active indicative singular third-person)
gramitjai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
gramitjaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
gramitjaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
gramitjaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
gramitjōs (active dual first-person indicative)
gramitjaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
gramitjaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
gramitjaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
gramitjaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
gramitjamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
gramitjaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
gramitjanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
gramitjainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
gramitiþ (active indicative plural second-person)
gramitjaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
gramitiþ (active imperative plural second-person)
gramitjanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
gramitjainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
gramitjanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
gramitjain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
gramitjanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
gramitjanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
gramitjainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
gramistǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
gramistēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
gramistēz (active indicative second-person singular)
gramistēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
gramistē (active indicative singular third-person)
gramistēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
gramistēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
gramistēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
gramistēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
gramistēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
gramistēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
gramistēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
gramistēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
gramistēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
gramistēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
gramistēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
gramitjandz (active participle present)
gramitidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Old English: ġremettan, ġrymettan

Middle English: grenten, grinten

Old High German: *gremizzen; gremizzōn

Middle High German: gremzen

German: gremsen

Old Norse:

Norwegian Nynorsk: grymte


gramjaną

gramjō (active first-person indicative singular)
gramjaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
gramjai (first-person indicative passive singular)
gramisi (active indicative second-person singular)
gramjais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
grami (active imperative second-person singular)
gramjasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
gramjaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
gramiþi (active indicative singular third-person)
gramjai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
gramjaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
gramjaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
gramjaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
gramjōs (active dual first-person indicative)
gramjaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
gramjaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
gramjaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
gramjaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
gramjamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
gramjaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
gramjanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
gramjainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
gramiþ (active indicative plural second-person)
gramjaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
gramiþ (active imperative plural second-person)
gramjanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
gramjainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
gramjanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
gramjain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
gramjanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
gramjanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
gramjainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
gramidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
gramidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
gramidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
gramidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
gramidē (active indicative singular third-person)
gramidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
gramidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
gramidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
gramidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
gramidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
gramidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
gramidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
gramidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
gramidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
gramidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
gramidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
gramjandz (active participle present)
gramidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *grammjan
Old English: gremian, gremman
Middle English: gremen
Old Frisian: *gremia, *gremma
Saterland Frisian: grääme
Old Saxon: *gremian, *gremmian
Middle Low German: grēmen, gremmen
Old Dutch: *gremen, *gremmen
Middle Dutch: grēmen, gremmen
Old High German: gremen, gremmen
Middle High German: gremen
German: grämen

Old Norse: gremja

Icelandic: gremja

Norwegian Bokmål: gremme; gremmes

desc

Norwegian Nynorsk: gremja, gremje, gremma, gremme

Old Swedish: græmia

Swedish: gräma

Danish: græmme

Gothic: 𐌲𐍂𐌰𐌼𐌾𐌰𐌽 (gramjan)

From *grimmaną (“to rage, be furious”) + *-janą or *gramaz (“furious”) + *-janą.

suffix

to cause to be angry, provoke, irritate, anger


gasehwaną

gasehwō (active first-person indicative singular)
gasehwaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
gasehwai (first-person indicative passive singular)
gasihwizi (active indicative second-person singular)
gasehwaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
gasehw (active imperative second-person singular)
gasehwazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
gasehwaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
gasihwidi (active indicative singular third-person)
gasehwai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
gasehwadau (active imperative singular third-person)
gasehwadai (indicative passive singular third-person)
gasehwaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
gasehwōz (active dual first-person indicative)
gasehwaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
gasehwadiz (active dual indicative second-person)
gasehwaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
gasehwadiz (active dual imperative second-person)
gasehwamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
gasehwaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
gasehwandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
gasehwaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
gasihwid (active indicative plural second-person)
gasehwaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
gasihwid (active imperative plural second-person)
gasehwandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
gasehwaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
gasehwandi (active indicative plural third-person)
gasehwain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
gasehwandau (active imperative plural third-person)
gasehwandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
gasehwaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
gasahw (active first-person indicative singular)
gasēwį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
gasaht (active indicative second-person singular)
gasēwīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
gasahw (active indicative singular third-person)
gasēwī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
gasēgū (active dual first-person indicative)
gasēwīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
gasēgudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
gasēwīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
gasēgum (active first-person indicative plural)
gasēwīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
gasēgud (active indicative plural second-person)
gasēwīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
gasēgun (active indicative plural third-person)
gasēwīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
gasehwandz (active participle present)
gasewanaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *gasehwan
Old English: ġesēon, ġesēa, ġisēa — Northumbrian, ġesēan, ġesīan, ġesīon — Mercian
Middle English: yseen
Old Frisian: gisian
Old Saxon: gisehan
Middle Low German: gesēn
Old Dutch: gisian
Middle Dutch: gesien
Dutch: gezien (obsolete)
Old High German: gisehan
Middle High German: gesëhen
Alemannic German: gsë
Central Franconian: gesinn
German: gesehen
Luxembourgish: gesinn

Gothic: 𐌲𐌰𐍃𐌰𐌹𐍈𐌰𐌽 (gasaiƕan)

/ˌɣɑˈse.xʷɑ.nɑ̃/


minþijaną

minþijō (active first-person indicative singular)
minþijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
minþijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
minþīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
minþijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
minþī (active imperative second-person singular)
minþijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
minþijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
minþīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
minþijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
minþijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
minþijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
minþijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
minþijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
minþijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
minþijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
minþijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
minþijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
minþijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
minþijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
minþijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
minþijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
minþīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
minþijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
minþīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
minþijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
minþijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
minþijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
minþijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
minþijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
minþijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
minþijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
minþidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
minþidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
minþidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
minþidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
minþidē (active indicative singular third-person)
minþidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
minþidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
minþidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
minþidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
minþidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
minþidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
minþidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
minþidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
minþidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
minþidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
minþidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
minþijandz (active participle present)
minþidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Old Norse: minna
Icelandic: minna
Faroese: minna
Norwegian Nynorsk: minne
Norwegian Bokmål: minne
Swedish: minna
Danish: minde


mannōną

mannō (active first-person indicative singular)
mannǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
mannōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
mannōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
mannōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
mannō (active imperative second-person singular)
mannōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
mannōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
mannōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
mannō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
mannōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
mannōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
mannōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
mannōs (active dual first-person indicative)
mannōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
mannōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
mannōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
mannōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
mannōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
mannōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
mannōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
mannōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
mannōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
mannōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
mannōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
mannōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
mannōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
mannōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
mannōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
mannōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
mannōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
mannōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
mannōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
mannōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
mannōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
mannōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
mannōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
mannōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
mannōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
mannōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
mannōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
mannōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
mannōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
mannōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
mannōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
mannōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
mannōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
mannōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
mannōndz (active participle present)
mannōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *mannōn
Old English: mannian
Middle English: mannen
English: man
⇒ Old English: ġemannian
Old Saxon: *mannōn
Middle Low German: mannen
Old Dutch: *mannon
Middle Dutch: mannen
Dutch: mannen
Old High German: *mannōn
Middle High German: mannen

Old Norse: manna

Icelandic: manna

Swedish: bemanna


abisōną

abisō (active first-person indicative singular)
abisǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
abisōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
abisōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
abisōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
abisō (active imperative second-person singular)
abisōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
abisōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
abisōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
abisō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
abisōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
abisōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
abisōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
abisōs (active dual first-person indicative)
abisōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
abisōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
abisōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
abisōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
abisōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
abisōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
abisōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
abisōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
abisōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
abisōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
abisōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
abisōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
abisōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
abisōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
abisōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
abisōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
abisōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
abisōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
abisōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
abisōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
abisōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
abisōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
abisōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
abisōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
abisōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
abisōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
abisōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
abisōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
abisōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
abisōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
abisōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
abisōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
abisōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
abisōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
abisōndz (active participle present)
abisōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *abisōn

Old English: efesian

Old Norse: efsa

Icelandic: efsa


aflōną

aflō (active first-person indicative singular)
aflǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
aflōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
aflōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
aflōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
aflō (active imperative second-person singular)
aflōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
aflōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
aflōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
aflō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
aflōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
aflōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
aflōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
aflōs (active dual first-person indicative)
aflōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
aflōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
aflōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
aflōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
aflōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
aflōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
aflōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
aflōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
aflōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
aflōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
aflōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
aflōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
aflōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
aflōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
aflōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
aflōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
aflōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
aflōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
aflōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
aflōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
aflōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
aflōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
aflōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
aflōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
aflōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
aflōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
aflōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
aflōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
aflōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
aflōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
aflōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
aflōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
aflōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
aflōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
aflōndz (active participle present)
aflōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *aflōn

⇒ Old High German: avalōnti (“farmer”)

Old Norse: afla

Icelandic: afla

Norwegian Nynorsk: avla

Danish: avle

Norwegian Bokmål: avle

→ Middle English: aflen, avelen

/ˈɑɸ.lɔː.nɑ̃/

From *aflą (“power, strength, might”) + *-ōną.


aiginōną

aiginō (active first-person indicative singular)
aiginǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
aiginōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
aiginōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
aiginōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
aiginō (active imperative second-person singular)
aiginōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
aiginōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
aiginōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
aiginō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
aiginōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
aiginōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
aiginōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
aiginōs (active dual first-person indicative)
aiginōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
aiginōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
aiginōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
aiginōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
aiginōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
aiginōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
aiginōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
aiginōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
aiginōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
aiginōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
aiginōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
aiginōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
aiginōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
aiginōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
aiginōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
aiginōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
aiginōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
aiginōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
aiginōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
aiginōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
aiginōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
aiginōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
aiginōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
aiginōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
aiginōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
aiginōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
aiginōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
aiginōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
aiginōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
aiginōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
aiginōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
aiginōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
aiginōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
aiginōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
aiginōndz (active participle present)
aiginōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *aiginōn
Old English: āgnian
Middle English: ahnien (early)
Old Saxon: *ēginon
Middle Low German: ēgenen
Old Dutch: *eiginon
Middle Dutch: eigenen
Dutch: eigenen
Afrikaans: eien
Old High German: *eiganōn
Middle High German: eigenen
German: eignen
⇒ Old High German: gieiganōn

Old Norse: eigna

Icelandic: eigna

Norwegian Nynorsk: eigna

Gothic: *𐌰𐌹𐌲𐌹𐌽𐍉𐌽 (*aiginōn)

⇒ Gothic: 𐌲𐌰𐌰𐌹𐌲𐌹𐌽𐍉𐌽 (gaaiginōn)


fagrijaną

fagrijō (active first-person indicative singular)
fagrijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
fagrijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
fagrīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
fagrijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
fagrī (active imperative second-person singular)
fagrijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
fagrijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
fagrīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
fagrijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
fagrijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
fagrijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
fagrijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
fagrijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
fagrijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
fagrijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
fagrijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
fagrijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
fagrijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
fagrijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
fagrijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
fagrijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
fagrīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
fagrijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
fagrīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
fagrijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
fagrijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
fagrijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
fagrijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
fagrijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
fagrijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
fagrijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
fagridǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
fagridēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
fagridēz (active indicative second-person singular)
fagridēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
fagridē (active indicative singular third-person)
fagridēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
fagridēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
fagridēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
fagridēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
fagridēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
fagridēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
fagridēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
fagridēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
fagridēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
fagridēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
fagridēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
fagrijandz (active participle present)
fagridaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Old Norse: fegra

Icelandic: fegra

Gothic: 𐌲𐌰𐍆𐌰𐌷𐍂𐌾𐌰𐌽 (gafahrjan)

From *fagraz (“suitable, fitting, appropriate, nice”) + *-janą.


blōþagōną

blōþagō (active first-person indicative singular)
blōþagǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
blōþagōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
blōþagōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
blōþagōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
blōþagō (active imperative second-person singular)
blōþagōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
blōþagōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
blōþagōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
blōþagō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
blōþagōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
blōþagōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
blōþagōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
blōþagōs (active dual first-person indicative)
blōþagōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
blōþagōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
blōþagōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
blōþagōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
blōþagōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
blōþagōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
blōþagōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
blōþagōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
blōþagōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
blōþagōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
blōþagōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
blōþagōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
blōþagōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
blōþagōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
blōþagōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
blōþagōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
blōþagōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
blōþagōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
blōþagōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
blōþagōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
blōþagōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
blōþagōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
blōþagōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
blōþagōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
blōþagōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
blōþagōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
blōþagōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
blōþagōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
blōþagōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
blōþagōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
blōþagōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
blōþagōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
blōþagōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
blōþagōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
blōþagōndz (active participle present)
blōþagōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *blōdagōn
Old English: blōdgian, blōdegian
Middle English: *blodgien, blodeken
⇒ Middle English: biblodgien
Old Frisian: blōdgia
Old High German: bluotagōn
Middle High German: bluotigen

Old Norse: blóðga

Faroese: blóðga

Icelandic: blóðga

/ˈblɔː.θɑ.ɣɔː.nɑ̃/


rēsōną

rēsō (active first-person indicative singular)
rēsǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
rēsōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
rēsōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
rēsōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
rēsō (active imperative second-person singular)
rēsōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
rēsōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
rēsōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
rēsō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
rēsōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
rēsōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
rēsōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
rēsōs (active dual first-person indicative)
rēsōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
rēsōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
rēsōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
rēsōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
rēsōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
rēsōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
rēsōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
rēsōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
rēsōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
rēsōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
rēsōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
rēsōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
rēsōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
rēsōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
rēsōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
rēsōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
rēsōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
rēsōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
rēsōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
rēsōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
rēsōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
rēsōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
rēsōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
rēsōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
rēsōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
rēsōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
rēsōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
rēsōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
rēsōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
rēsōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
rēsōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
rēsōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
rēsōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
rēsōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
rēsōndz (active participle present)
rēsōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *rāsōn
Old Saxon: *rāsōn
Middle Low German: râsen
German Low German: rasen
Old Dutch: *rāsōn (or a descendant of *rēsijaną)
Middle Dutch: râsen
Dutch: razen
Afrikaans: raas
→ West Frisian: raze, raazje
Old High German: rāsōn
Middle High German: rāsen
German: rasen
Hunsrik: raase

Old Norse: rása

Icelandic: rása

→ Middle English: rasen

English: race

/ˈrɛː.sɔː.nɑ̃/

From *rēsō (“running, course, rush”) + *-ōną.


niwjaną

niwjō (active first-person indicative singular)
niwjaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
niwjai (first-person indicative passive singular)
niwisi (active indicative second-person singular)
niwjais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
niwi (active imperative second-person singular)
niwjasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
niwjaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
niwiþi (active indicative singular third-person)
niwjai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
niwjaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
niwjaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
niwjaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
niwjōs (active dual first-person indicative)
niwjaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
niwjaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
niwjaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
niwjaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
niwjamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
niwjaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
niwjanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
niwjainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
niwiþ (active indicative plural second-person)
niwjaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
niwiþ (active imperative plural second-person)
niwjanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
niwjainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
niwjanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
niwjain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
niwjanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
niwjanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
niwjainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
niwidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
niwidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
niwidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
niwidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
niwidē (active indicative singular third-person)
niwidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
niwidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
niwidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
niwidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
niwidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
niwidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
niwidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
niwidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
niwidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
niwidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
niwidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
niwjandz (active participle present)
niwidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *niuwjan
Old Saxon: niuwian
Middle Low German: nǖwen, nīen (conflated with *niwjōną/*niuwjōn)
Old High German: niuwen
Middle High German: niuwen (conflated with *niwjōną/*niuwjōn)

Old Norse: *nýa

⇒ Old East Norse: aternýa

Gothic: *𐌽𐌹𐌿𐌾𐌰𐌽 (*niujan)

⇒ Gothic: 𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌽𐌹𐌿𐌾𐌰𐌽 (ananiujan)


taitijaną

taitijō (active first-person indicative singular)
taitijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
taitijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
taitīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
taitijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
taitī (active imperative second-person singular)
taitijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
taitijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
taitīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
taitijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
taitijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
taitijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
taitijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
taitijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
taitijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
taitijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
taitijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
taitijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
taitijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
taitijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
taitijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
taitijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
taitīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
taitijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
taitīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
taitijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
taitijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
taitijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
taitijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
taitijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
taitijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
taitijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
taitidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
taitidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
taitidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
taitidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
taitidē (active indicative singular third-person)
taitidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
taitidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
taitidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
taitidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
taitidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
taitidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
taitidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
taitidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
taitidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
taitidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
taitidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
taitijandz (active participle present)
taitidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *taitijan
Old English: tǣtan

Old Norse: teita

Icelandic: teita

desc

>? Faroese: teita (“to walk slowly with long strides”)

From *taitaz (“bright, cheerful”) + *-janą.


hwirbilōną

hwirbilō (active first-person indicative singular)
hwirbilǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
hwirbilōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
hwirbilōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
hwirbilōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
hwirbilō (active imperative second-person singular)
hwirbilōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
hwirbilōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
hwirbilōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
hwirbilō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
hwirbilōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
hwirbilōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
hwirbilōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
hwirbilōs (active dual first-person indicative)
hwirbilōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
hwirbilōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
hwirbilōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
hwirbilōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
hwirbilōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
hwirbilōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
hwirbilōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
hwirbilōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
hwirbilōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
hwirbilōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
hwirbilōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
hwirbilōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
hwirbilōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
hwirbilōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
hwirbilōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
hwirbilōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
hwirbilōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
hwirbilōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
hwirbilōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
hwirbilōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
hwirbilōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
hwirbilōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
hwirbilōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
hwirbilōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
hwirbilōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
hwirbilōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
hwirbilōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
hwirbilōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
hwirbilōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
hwirbilōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
hwirbilōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
hwirbilōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
hwirbilōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
hwirbilōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
hwirbilōndz (active participle present)
hwirbilōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Old English: *hwirfilian

Middle English: *whirvelen

Middle English: whirlen

English: whirl

Old Dutch: *wervilon

Middle Dutch: wervelen, worvelen

Dutch: wervelen

Old High German: *wirbilōn

Middle High German: *wirbeln

German: wirbeln

Old Norse: hvirfla

Danish: hvirvle

Icelandic: hvirfla

Norwegian Nynorsk: kvervle

Norwegian Bokmål: virvle

Swedish: virvla

From *hwirbilaz (“circle, ring, whirl”) + *-ōną.


krabblōną

krabblō (active first-person indicative singular)
krabblǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
krabblōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
krabblōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
krabblōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
krabblō (active imperative second-person singular)
krabblōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
krabblōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
krabblōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
krabblō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
krabblōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
krabblōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
krabblōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
krabblōs (active dual first-person indicative)
krabblōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
krabblōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
krabblōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
krabblōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
krabblōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
krabblōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
krabblōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
krabblōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
krabblōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
krabblōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
krabblōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
krabblōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
krabblōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
krabblōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
krabblōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
krabblōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
krabblōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
krabblōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
krabblōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
krabblōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
krabblōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
krabblōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
krabblōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
krabblōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
krabblōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
krabblōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
krabblōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
krabblōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
krabblōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
krabblōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
krabblōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
krabblōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
krabblōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
krabblōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
krabblōndz (active participle present)
krabblōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Old English: *crabblian (possibly (?))

Middle English: *crabbelen

i

English: crabble (likely borrowed from Dutch or Low German)

Old Frisian: *krablia, *kravlia

Saterland Frisian: krabbelje, krauelje

Old Saxon: *krabbalōn

Middle Low German: krabbelen, krabbeln

German Low German: krabbeln

Old Dutch: *krabbalon

Middle Dutch: krabbelen

Dutch: krabbelen

Old High German: *krabbalōn

Middle High German: krabbelen

German: krabbeln

Old Norse: krafla (< *krablōną)

Icelandic: krafla

Danish: kravle

Swedish: kravla

→ Middle English: crawlen

English: crawl

Scots: crowl


sidōną

sidō (active first-person indicative singular)
sidǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
sidōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
sidōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
sidōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
sidō (active imperative second-person singular)
sidōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
sidōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
sidōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
sidō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
sidōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
sidōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
sidōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
sidōs (active dual first-person indicative)
sidōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
sidōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
sidōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
sidōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
sidōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
sidōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
sidōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
sidōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
sidōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
sidōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
sidōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
sidōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
sidōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
sidōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
sidōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
sidōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
sidōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
sidōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
sidōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
sidōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
sidōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
sidōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
sidōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
sidōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
sidōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
sidōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
sidōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
sidōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
sidōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
sidōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
sidōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
sidōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
sidōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
sidōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
sidōndz (active participle present)
sidōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *sidōn
Old English: sidian
Old High German: sitōn

Old Norse: siða

Icelandic: siða

Gothic: 𐍃𐌹𐌳𐍉𐌽 (sidōn)

From *siduz (“custom, pratice”) + *-ōną.


klaimijaną

klaimijō (active first-person indicative singular)
klaimijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
klaimijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
klaimīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
klaimijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
klaimī (active imperative second-person singular)
klaimijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
klaimijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
klaimīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
klaimijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
klaimijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
klaimijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
klaimijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
klaimijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
klaimijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
klaimijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
klaimijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
klaimijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
klaimijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
klaimijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
klaimijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
klaimijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
klaimīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
klaimijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
klaimīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
klaimijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
klaimijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
klaimijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
klaimijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
klaimijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
klaimijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
klaimijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
klaimidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
klaimidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
klaimidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
klaimidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
klaimidē (active indicative singular third-person)
klaimidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
klaimidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
klaimidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
klaimidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
klaimidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
klaimidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
klaimidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
klaimidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
klaimidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
klaimidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
klaimidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
klaimijandz (active participle present)
klaimidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *klaimijan
Old English: clǣman
Middle English: clemen
English: cleam
Old Dutch: *clēmen
Middle Dutch: clêmen
Old High German: *kleimen
⇒ Old High German: bikleimen (“to stain”)

Old Norse: kleima

Icelandic: kleima

Faroese: kleima

Norwegian Bokmål: kleime

Elfdalian: kliema


būwijaną

būwijō (active first-person indicative singular)
būwijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
būwijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
būwīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
būwijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
būwī (active imperative second-person singular)
būwijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
būwijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
būwīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
būwijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
būwijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
būwijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
būwijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
būwijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
būwijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
būwijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
būwijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
būwijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
būwijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
būwijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
būwijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
būwijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
būwīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
būwijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
būwīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
būwijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
būwijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
būwijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
būwijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
būwijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
būwijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
būwijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
būwidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
būwidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
būwidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
būwidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
būwidē (active indicative singular third-person)
būwidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
būwidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
būwidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
būwidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
būwidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
būwidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
būwidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
būwidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
būwidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
būwidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
būwidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
būwijandz (active participle present)
būwidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *būwijan

Old English: bȳan

Old Frisian: būwa, bōwa

West Frisian: bouwje

Old Norse: byggja, byggva (if not from *būwāną instead)

Icelandic: byggja

Faroese: byggja

Norwegian Nynorsk: byggja, byggje, byge

Norwegian Bokmål: bygge

Swedish: bygga

Danish: bygge

Elfdalian: byddja

→ English: big

→ Scots: big


wedaną

wedō (active first-person indicative singular)
wedaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
wedai (first-person indicative passive singular)
widizi (active indicative second-person singular)
wedaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
wed (active imperative second-person singular)
wedazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
wedaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
wididi (active indicative singular third-person)
wedai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
wedadau (active imperative singular third-person)
wedadai (indicative passive singular third-person)
wedaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
wedōz (active dual first-person indicative)
wedaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
wedadiz (active dual indicative second-person)
wedaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
wedadiz (active dual imperative second-person)
wedamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
wedaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
wedandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
wedaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
widid (active indicative plural second-person)
wedaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
widid (active imperative plural second-person)
wedandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
wedaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
wedandi (active indicative plural third-person)
wedain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
wedandau (active imperative plural third-person)
wedandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
wedaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
wad (active first-person indicative singular)
wēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
wast (active indicative second-person singular)
wēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
wad (active indicative singular third-person)
wēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
wēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
wēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
wēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
wēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
wēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
wēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
wēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
wēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
wēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
wēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
wedandz (active participle present)
wedanaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Old High German: wetan

Middle High German: wëten

>? Old Dutch: *wedan

>? Middle Dutch: wēden

⇒ Gothic: 𐌹𐌽𐍅𐌹𐌳𐌰𐌽 (inwidan)

From Proto-Indo-European *wedʰ- (“to join”).


swīþaną

swīþō (active first-person indicative singular)
swīþaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
swīþai (first-person indicative passive singular)
swīþizi (active indicative second-person singular)
swīþaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
swīþ (active imperative second-person singular)
swīþazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
swīþaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
swīþidi (active indicative singular third-person)
swīþai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
swīþadau (active imperative singular third-person)
swīþadai (indicative passive singular third-person)
swīþaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
swīþōz (active dual first-person indicative)
swīþaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
swīþadiz (active dual indicative second-person)
swīþaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
swīþadiz (active dual imperative second-person)
swīþamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
swīþaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
swīþandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
swīþaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
swīþid (active indicative plural second-person)
swīþaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
swīþid (active imperative plural second-person)
swīþandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
swīþaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
swīþandi (active indicative plural third-person)
swīþain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
swīþandau (active imperative plural third-person)
swīþandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
swīþaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
swaiþ (active first-person indicative singular)
swidį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
swaist (active indicative second-person singular)
swidīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
swaiþ (active indicative singular third-person)
swidī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
swidū (active dual first-person indicative)
swidīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
swidudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
swidīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
swidum (active first-person indicative plural)
swidīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
swidud (active indicative plural second-person)
swidīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
swidun (active indicative plural third-person)
swidīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
swīþandz (active participle present)
swidanaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *swīþan
Old High German: swīdan

Old Norse: svíða
Icelandic: svíða
Faroese: svíða
Norwegian Nynorsk: svida, svi
Elfdalian: swaiða
Old Swedish: svīþa
Swedish: svida
Danish: svide

Possibly from a Proto-Indo-European *swey- (“to burn”), which could be an extension of *sew- (“to braise”). Compare Avestan 𐬒𐬬𐬀𐬉𐬥𐬀 (x́vaēna, “red-hot, glowing”), from Proto-Indo-European *(H)swoy-no-.