aisōną

aisō (active first-person indicative singular)
aisǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
aisōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
aisōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
aisōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
aisō (active imperative second-person singular)
aisōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
aisōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
aisōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
aisō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
aisōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
aisōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
aisōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
aisōs (active dual first-person indicative)
aisōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
aisōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
aisōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
aisōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
aisōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
aisōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
aisōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
aisōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
aisōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
aisōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
aisōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
aisōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
aisōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
aisōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
aisōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
aisōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
aisōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
aisōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
aisōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
aisōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
aisōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
aisōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
aisōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
aisōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
aisōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
aisōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
aisōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
aisōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
aisōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
aisōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
aisōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
aisōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
aisōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
aisōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
aisōndz (active participle present)
aisōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Old Norse: eisa

Icelandic: eisa


aistāną

aistō (active first-person indicative singular)
aistaisi (active indicative second-person singular)
aistai (active imperative second-person singular)
aistāsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
aistaiþi (active indicative singular third-person)
aistāþau (active imperative singular third-person)
aistāþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
aistōs (active dual first-person indicative)
aistāþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
aistāþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
aistāmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
aistānþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
aistaiþ (active indicative plural second-person)
aistaiþ (active imperative plural second-person)
aistānþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
aistānþi (active indicative plural third-person)
aistānþau (active imperative plural third-person)
aistānþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
aistadǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
aistadēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
aistadēz (active indicative second-person singular)
aistadēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
aistadē (active indicative singular third-person)
aistadēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
aistadēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
aistadēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
aistadēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
aistadēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
aistadēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
aistadēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
aistadēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
aistadēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
aistadēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
aistadēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
aistāndz (active participle present)
aistadaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Gothic: 𐌰𐌹𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌽 (aistan)

From Proto-Indo-European *h₂eysd- (“to laud, honour”). Cognate with Sanskrit ईळे (īḷe, “I praise”).


aiwijaną

aiwijō (active first-person indicative singular)
aiwijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
aiwijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
aiwīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
aiwijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
aiwī (active imperative second-person singular)
aiwijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
aiwijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
aiwīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
aiwijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
aiwijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
aiwijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
aiwijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
aiwijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
aiwijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
aiwijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
aiwijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
aiwijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
aiwijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
aiwijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
aiwijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
aiwijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
aiwīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
aiwijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
aiwīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
aiwijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
aiwijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
aiwijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
aiwijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
aiwijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
aiwijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
aiwijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
aiwidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
aiwidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
aiwidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
aiwidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
aiwidē (active indicative singular third-person)
aiwidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
aiwidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
aiwidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
aiwidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
aiwidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
aiwidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
aiwidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
aiwidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
aiwidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
aiwidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
aiwidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
aiwijandz (active participle present)
aiwidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *aiwijan

Old Dutch: *ēwen

Middle Dutch: *êwen

Dutch: eeuwen

Old Norse: æja
Icelandic: æja


rōkijaną

rōkijō (active first-person indicative singular)
rōkijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
rōkijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
rōkīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
rōkijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
rōkī (active imperative second-person singular)
rōkijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
rōkijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
rōkīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
rōkijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
rōkijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
rōkijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
rōkijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
rōkijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
rōkijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
rōkijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
rōkijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
rōkijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
rōkijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
rōkijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
rōkijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
rōkijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
rōkīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
rōkijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
rōkīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
rōkijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
rōkijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
rōkijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
rōkijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
rōkijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
rōkijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
rōkijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
rōkidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
rōkidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
rōkidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
rōkidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
rōkidē (active indicative singular third-person)
rōkidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
rōkidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
rōkidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
rōkidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
rōkidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
rōkidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
rōkidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
rōkidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
rōkidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
rōkidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
rōkidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
rōkijandz (active participle present)
rōkidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *rōkijan
Old English: rēċan, rēċċan
Middle English: recchen
English: retch
Old Saxon: rōkian
Middle Low German: rôken, rûken
Low German: roken, ruken
Old Dutch: ruoken
Middle Dutch: roeken
Dutch: roeken (obsolete)
Old High German: ruohhen, ruochen
Middle High German: ruochen, rūchen
⇒ Old High German: giruohhen
Middle High German: geruochen
German: geruhen

Old Norse: rœkja

Icelandic: rækja

→ Middle English: reken, rekken

English: reck

Scots: rek, rak, rack

desc

Old Norse: rœkja (“to care care of, to heed”)

→ Proto-Finnic: *rookkidak (see there for further descendants)

From *rōkaz (“care”) + *-ijaną, the former from a Proto-Indo-European *h₂reh₁ǵ- (“to help”) and compared with Ancient Greek ἀρήγω (arḗgō, “to aid; to ward off”).


algijaną

algijō (active first-person indicative singular)
algijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
algijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
algīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
algijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
algī (active imperative second-person singular)
algijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
algijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
algīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
algijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
algijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
algijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
algijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
algijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
algijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
algijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
algijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
algijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
algijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
algijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
algijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
algijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
algīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
algijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
algīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
algijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
algijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
algijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
algijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
algijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
algijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
algijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
algidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
algidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
algidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
algidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
algidē (active indicative singular third-person)
algidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
algidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
algidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
algidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
algidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
algidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
algidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
algidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
algidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
algidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
algidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
algijandz (active participle present)
algidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Old Norse: *elgja

Icelandic: elgja

Norwegian: elgja


aliskōną

aliskō (active first-person indicative singular)
aliskǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
aliskōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
aliskōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
aliskōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
aliskō (active imperative second-person singular)
aliskōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
aliskōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
aliskōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
aliskō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
aliskōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
aliskōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
aliskōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
aliskōs (active dual first-person indicative)
aliskōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
aliskōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
aliskōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
aliskōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
aliskōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
aliskōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
aliskōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
aliskōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
aliskōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
aliskōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
aliskōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
aliskōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
aliskōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
aliskōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
aliskōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
aliskōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
aliskōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
aliskōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
aliskōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
aliskōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
aliskōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
aliskōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
aliskōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
aliskōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
aliskōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
aliskōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
aliskōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
aliskōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
aliskōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
aliskōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
aliskōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
aliskōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
aliskōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
aliskōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
aliskōndz (active participle present)
aliskōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Old Norse: elska, ælska

Icelandic: elska

Faroese: elska, alska

Norwegian Bokmål: elske

Norwegian Nynorsk: elske, elska

Old Swedish: ælska

Swedish: älska

Danish: elske

→ Scots: elsk (Shetlandic)

Kroonen suggests a connection with *alaną (“to grow, rear”).

(North Germanic) to tend to, to care for


angwijaną

angwijō (active first-person indicative singular)
angwijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
angwijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
angwīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
angwijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
angwī (active imperative second-person singular)
angwijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
angwijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
angwīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
angwijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
angwijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
angwijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
angwijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
angwijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
angwijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
angwijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
angwijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
angwijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
angwijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
angwijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
angwijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
angwijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
angwīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
angwijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
angwīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
angwijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
angwijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
angwijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
angwijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
angwijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
angwijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
angwijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
angwidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
angwidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
angwidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
angwidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
angwidē (active indicative singular third-person)
angwidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
angwidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
angwidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
angwidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
angwidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
angwidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
angwidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
angwidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
angwidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
angwidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
angwidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
angwijandz (active participle present)
angwidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *angwijan
Old English: engan
Old Saxon: *engian
Middle Low German: engen
Old Dutch: *engen
Middle Dutch: engen
Dutch: engen
Old High German: engen
Middle High German: engen
German: engen

Old Norse: øngva, øngja

Icelandic: öngva, öngja

⇒ Gothic: 𐌲𐌰𐌰𐌲𐌲𐍅𐌾𐌰𐌽 (gaaggwjan)


fradrībaną

fradrībō (active first-person indicative singular)
fradrībaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
fradrībai (first-person indicative passive singular)
fradrībizi (active indicative second-person singular)
fradrībaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
fradrīb (active imperative second-person singular)
fradrībazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
fradrībaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
fradrībidi (active indicative singular third-person)
fradrībai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
fradrībadau (active imperative singular third-person)
fradrībadai (indicative passive singular third-person)
fradrībaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
fradrībōz (active dual first-person indicative)
fradrībaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
fradrībadiz (active dual indicative second-person)
fradrībaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
fradrībadiz (active dual imperative second-person)
fradrībamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
fradrībaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
fradrībandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
fradrībaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
fradrībid (active indicative plural second-person)
fradrībaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
fradrībid (active imperative plural second-person)
fradrībandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
fradrībaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
fradrībandi (active indicative plural third-person)
fradrībain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
fradrībandau (active imperative plural third-person)
fradrībandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
fradrībaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
fradraib (active first-person indicative singular)
fradribį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
fradraift (active indicative second-person singular)
fradribīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
fradraib (active indicative singular third-person)
fradribī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
fradribū (active dual first-person indicative)
fradribīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
fradribudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
fradribīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
fradribum (active first-person indicative plural)
fradribīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
fradribud (active indicative plural second-person)
fradribīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
fradribun (active indicative plural third-person)
fradribīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
fradrībandz (active participle present)
fradribanaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *fradrīban
Old English: fordrīfan
Middle English: fordriven
English: fordrive
Old Frisian: fordrīva
Saterland Frisian: ferdrieuwe
West Frisian: ferdriuwe
Old Saxon: fardrīvan
Middle Low German: vordriven
German Low German: verdrieven
Dutch Low Saxon: verdrieven
→ Old Danish: fordriffue
→ Danish: fordrive
→ Old Swedish: fordriva
Swedish: fördriva
→ Elfdalian: fedraiva
→ Norwegian:
Norwegian Bokmål: fordrive
Norwegian Nynorsk: fordriva, fordrive
Old Dutch: fardrīvan
Middle Dutch: verdriven
Dutch: verdrijven
Afrikaans: verdryf
Limburgish: verdrieve
Old High German: firtrīban
Middle High German: vertrīben
German: vertreiben
Alemannic German: vertriibe

Old Norse: fordrífa


waitijaną

waitijō (active first-person indicative singular)
waitijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
waitijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
waitīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
waitijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
waitī (active imperative second-person singular)
waitijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
waitijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
waitīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
waitijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
waitijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
waitijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
waitijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
waitijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
waitijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
waitijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
waitijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
waitijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
waitijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
waitijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
waitijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
waitijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
waitīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
waitijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
waitīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
waitijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
waitijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
waitijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
waitijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
waitijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
waitijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
waitijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
waitidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
waitidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
waitidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
waitidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
waitidē (active indicative singular third-person)
waitidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
waitidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
waitidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
waitidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
waitidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
waitidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
waitidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
waitidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
waitidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
waitidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
waitidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
waitijandz (active participle present)
waitidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *waitijan
Old Frisian: wēta (“to claim, testify”)
Old High German: weizen (“to show, prove”)

Old Norse: veita (“to give, grant”)

desc

Faroese: veita (“to yield, render, give, grant, allot, allocate, assign”)

Icelandic: veita (“to give, grant, offer”)

Old Danish: vide/vede (“to give, offer, admit”)

Middle Norwegian: veita (“to give, promise, fulfill”)

Old Swedish: vēta (“to give, grant, offer”)

From Proto-Indo-European *woydéyeti, causative of *weyd- (“to see”). Equivalent to *wītaną (“to know”) + *-janą. Cognate with Sanskrit वेदयति (vedayati, “announce”) and Old Irish foídid (“send”).


fitnaną

fitnō (active first-person indicative singular)
fitnaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
fitnōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
fitnais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
fitnō (active imperative second-person singular)
fitnōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
fitnai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
fitnōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
fitnōs (active dual first-person indicative)
fitnaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
fitnaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
fitnaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
fitnaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
fitnamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
fitnaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
fitnaþ (active indicative plural second-person)
fitnaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
fitnaþ (active imperative plural second-person)
fitnanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
fitnain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
fitnanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
fitnōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
fitnōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
fitnōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
fitnōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
fitnōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
fitnōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
fitnōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
fitnōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
fitnōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
fitnōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
fitnōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
fitnōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
fitnōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
fitnōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
fitnōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
fitnōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
fitnandz (active participle present)

Old Norse: fitna

Faroese: fitna

Icelandic: fitna


trannijaną

trannijō (active first-person indicative singular)
trannijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
trannijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
trannīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
trannijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
trannī (active imperative second-person singular)
trannijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
trannijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
trannīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
trannijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
trannijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
trannijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
trannijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
trannijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
trannijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
trannijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
trannijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
trannijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
trannijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
trannijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
trannijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
trannijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
trannīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
trannijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
trannīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
trannijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
trannijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
trannijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
trannijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
trannijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
trannijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
trannijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
trannidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
trannidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
trannidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
trannidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
trannidē (active indicative singular third-person)
trannidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
trannidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
trannidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
trannidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
trannidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
trannidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
trannidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
trannidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
trannidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
trannidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
trannidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
trannijandz (active participle present)
trannidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *trannijan
Old Frisian: *trenna
Saterland Frisian: tränne
Old Saxon: *trennian
Middle Low German: trennen, drennen
German Low German: trennen
Old Dutch: *trennen
Middle Dutch: trennen, ternen, tornen
Dutch: tornen
Old High German: trennen
Middle High German: trennen
German: trennen


gasōkijaną

gasōkijō (active first-person indicative singular)
gasōkijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
gasōkijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
gasōkīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
gasōkijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
gasōkī (active imperative second-person singular)
gasōkijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
gasōkijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
gasōkīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
gasōkijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
gasōkijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
gasōkijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
gasōkijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
gasōkijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
gasōkijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
gasōkijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
gasōkijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
gasōkijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
gasōkijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
gasōkijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
gasōkijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
gasōkijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
gasōkīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
gasōkijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
gasōkīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
gasōkijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
gasōkijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
gasōkijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
gasōkijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
gasōkijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
gasōkijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
gasōkijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
gasōhtǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
gasōhtēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
gasōhtēz (active indicative second-person singular)
gasōhtēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
gasōhtē (active indicative singular third-person)
gasōhtēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
gasōhtēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
gasōhtēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
gasōhtēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
gasōhtēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
gasōhtēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
gasōhtēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
gasōhtēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
gasōhtēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
gasōhtēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
gasōhtēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
gasōkijandz (active participle present)
gasōkidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Old English: ġesœ̄ċan, ġesēċan

Middle English: ȝesechen, isechen

Old Saxon: gisōkian

Old Dutch: *gisuoken, *gisōken

Middle Dutch: gesoeken

Old High German: gisuohhen, gisuochen

Middle High German: gesuochen

German: gesuchen

Gothic: 𐌲𐌰𐍃𐍉𐌺𐌾𐌰𐌽 (gasōkjan)

to seek thoroughly for; quest for; seek out


knūjaną

knūjō (active first-person indicative singular)
knūjaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
knūjai (first-person indicative passive singular)
knūisi (active indicative second-person singular)
knūjais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
knūi (active imperative second-person singular)
knūjasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
knūjaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
knūiþi (active indicative singular third-person)
knūjai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
knūjaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
knūjaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
knūjaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
knūjōs (active dual first-person indicative)
knūjaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
knūjaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
knūjaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
knūjaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
knūjamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
knūjaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
knūjanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
knūjainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
knūiþ (active indicative plural second-person)
knūjaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
knūiþ (active imperative plural second-person)
knūjanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
knūjainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
knūjanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
knūjain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
knūjanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
knūjanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
knūjainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
knūidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
knūidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
knūidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
knūidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
knūidē (active indicative singular third-person)
knūidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
knūidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
knūidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
knūidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
knūidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
knūidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
knūidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
knūidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
knūidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
knūidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
knūidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
knūjandz (active participle present)
knūidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Old Norse: knýja

Icelandic: knýja

Faroese: knýggja

From pre-Germanic *gnuH-yé-ti, from Proto-Indo-European *gnewH-.

Brill Publishers
Germanic parent language


skipōną

skipō (active first-person indicative singular)
skipǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
skipōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
skipōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
skipōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
skipō (active imperative second-person singular)
skipōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
skipōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
skipōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
skipō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
skipōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
skipōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
skipōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
skipōs (active dual first-person indicative)
skipōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
skipōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
skipōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
skipōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
skipōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
skipōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
skipōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
skipōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
skipōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
skipōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
skipōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
skipōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
skipōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
skipōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
skipōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
skipōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
skipōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
skipōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
skipōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
skipōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
skipōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
skipōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
skipōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
skipōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
skipōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
skipōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
skipōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
skipōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
skipōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
skipōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
skipōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
skipōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
skipōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
skipōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
skipōndz (active participle present)
skipōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *skipōn
Old English: sċipian
Middle English: schipen, schepen, schippen
English: ship
Scots: schip
Old Frisian: skipia
Saterland Frisian: schiepje
West Frisian: skipje
Old Saxon: *skipōn
Middle Low German: scepen, schēpen, scheppen
Old Dutch: *skipon, *scipon
Middle Dutch: schēpen
Dutch: schepen
Old High German: *skipfōn, *skiphōn
Middle High German: schipfen, schiffen
German: schiffen
→ Old French: eschiper, esquiper
Middle French: esquiper
French: équiper
→ English: equip

Old Norse: skipa

Icelandic: skipa

Faroese: skipa

Norwegian Nynorsk: skipa

Norwegian Bokmål: skipe

Swedish: skeppa

Danish: skibe

Equivalent to *skipą (“ship”) + *-ōną (“verbal suffix”).


maidijaną

maidijō (active first-person indicative singular)
maidijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
maidijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
maidīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
maidijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
maidī (active imperative second-person singular)
maidijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
maidijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
maidīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
maidijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
maidijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
maidijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
maidijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
maidijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
maidijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
maidijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
maidijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
maidijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
maidijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
maidijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
maidijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
maidijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
maidīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
maidijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
maidīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
maidijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
maidijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
maidijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
maidijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
maidijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
maidijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
maidijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
maididǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
maididēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
maididēz (active indicative second-person singular)
maididēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
maididē (active indicative singular third-person)
maididēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
maididēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
maididēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
maididēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
maididēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
maididēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
maididēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
maididēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
maididēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
maididēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
maididēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
maidijandz (active participle present)
maididaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Old Norse: meiða

Icelandic: meiða

Faroese: meiða

Faroese: meiðsla

Gothic: 𐌼𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌽 (maidjan)

From Proto-Indo-European *meyth₂- (“to change, exchange”).


hnīgwaną

From Proto-Indo-European *kneygʷʰ- (“to bend, to droop”).


rahnijaną

rahnijō (active first-person indicative singular)
rahnijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
rahnijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
rahnīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
rahnijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
rahnī (active imperative second-person singular)
rahnijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
rahnijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
rahnīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
rahnijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
rahnijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
rahnijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
rahnijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
rahnijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
rahnijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
rahnijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
rahnijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
rahnijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
rahnijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
rahnijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
rahnijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
rahnijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
rahnīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
rahnijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
rahnīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
rahnijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
rahnijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
rahnijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
rahnijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
rahnijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
rahnijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
rahnijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
rahnidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
rahnidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
rahnidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
rahnidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
rahnidē (active indicative singular third-person)
rahnidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
rahnidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
rahnidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
rahnidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
rahnidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
rahnidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
rahnidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
rahnidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
rahnidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
rahnidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
rahnidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
rahnijandz (active participle present)
rahnidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *rahnijan

Old High German: *rahanen

desc

⇒ Old High German: birahanen (“to plunder, capture”)

>? Old High German: rahanen, rānen (“to rage”)

Old Norse: ræna (“to rob”)

Icelandic: ræna

Faroese: ræna

Danish: rane (“to steal”)

>? Gothic: 𐍂𐌰𐌷𐌽𐌾𐌰𐌽 (rahnjan)

From *rahną (“robbery, plunder”) + *-janą.


welwaną

welwō (active first-person indicative singular)
welwaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
welwai (first-person indicative passive singular)
wilwizi (active indicative second-person singular)
welwaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
welw (active imperative second-person singular)
welwazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
welwaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
wilwidi (active indicative singular third-person)
welwai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
welwadau (active imperative singular third-person)
welwadai (indicative passive singular third-person)
welwaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
welwōz (active dual first-person indicative)
welwaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
welwadiz (active dual indicative second-person)
welwaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
welwadiz (active dual imperative second-person)
welwamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
welwaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
welwandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
welwaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
wilwid (active indicative plural second-person)
welwaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
wilwid (active imperative plural second-person)
welwandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
welwaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
welwandi (active indicative plural third-person)
welwain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
welwandau (active imperative plural third-person)
welwandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
welwaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
walw (active first-person indicative singular)
wulwį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
walwt (active indicative second-person singular)
wulwīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
walw (active indicative singular third-person)
wulwī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
wulwū (active dual first-person indicative)
wulwīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
wulwudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
wulwīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
wulwum (active first-person indicative plural)
wulwīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
wulwud (active indicative plural second-person)
wulwīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
wulwun (active indicative plural third-person)
wulwīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
welwandz (active participle present)
wulwanaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *welwan

Old English: welwan, wilwan

⇒ Old Frisian: wlemma

⇒ Old Frisian: wlemmelsa

Gothic: 𐍅𐌹𐌻𐍅𐌰𐌽 (wilwan)

From Proto-Indo-European *welh₃- (“to hit, strike”).


skeldaną

skeldō (active first-person indicative singular)
skeldaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
skeldai (first-person indicative passive singular)
skildizi (active indicative second-person singular)
skeldaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
skeld (active imperative second-person singular)
skeldazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
skeldaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
skildidi (active indicative singular third-person)
skeldai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
skeldadau (active imperative singular third-person)
skeldadai (indicative passive singular third-person)
skeldaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
skeldōz (active dual first-person indicative)
skeldaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
skeldadiz (active dual indicative second-person)
skeldaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
skeldadiz (active dual imperative second-person)
skeldamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
skeldaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
skeldandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
skeldaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
skildid (active indicative plural second-person)
skeldaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
skildid (active imperative plural second-person)
skeldandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
skeldaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
skeldandi (active indicative plural third-person)
skeldain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
skeldandau (active imperative plural third-person)
skeldandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
skeldaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
skald (active first-person indicative singular)
skuldį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
skalst (active indicative second-person singular)
skuldīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
skald (active indicative singular third-person)
skuldī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
skuldū (active dual first-person indicative)
skuldīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
skuldudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
skuldīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
skuldum (active first-person indicative plural)
skuldīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
skuldud (active indicative plural second-person)
skuldīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
skuldun (active indicative plural third-person)
skuldīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
skeldandz (active participle present)
skuldanaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Old Frisian: skelda

Saterland Frisian: skeelde

West Frisian: skelle

Old Saxon: *skeldan (attested in skeldāri)

Middle Low German: schelden

Low German: schellen, schelden

German Low German: schellen

Old Dutch: skeldan

Middle Dutch: schelden

Dutch: schelden

Afrikaans: skel

Old High German: skëltan

Middle High German: schëlten

German: schelten

From Proto-Indo-European *skeldʰ-, from Proto-Indo-European *kelh₁- (“to call, to shout, to sound”) with a s-mobile.


wundrōną

wundrō (active first-person indicative singular)
wundrǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
wundrōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
wundrōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
wundrōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
wundrō (active imperative second-person singular)
wundrōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
wundrōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
wundrōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
wundrō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
wundrōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
wundrōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
wundrōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
wundrōs (active dual first-person indicative)
wundrōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
wundrōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
wundrōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
wundrōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
wundrōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
wundrōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
wundrōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
wundrōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
wundrōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
wundrōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
wundrōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
wundrōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
wundrōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
wundrōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
wundrōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
wundrōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
wundrōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
wundrōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
wundrōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
wundrōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
wundrōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
wundrōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
wundrōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
wundrōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
wundrōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
wundrōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
wundrōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
wundrōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
wundrōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
wundrōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
wundrōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
wundrōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
wundrōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
wundrōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
wundrōndz (active participle present)
wundrōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *wundrōn
Old English: wundrian
Middle English: wondren
English: wonder
Old Frisian: wunderia
Saterland Frisian: wunnerje
West Frisian: wûnderje, wonderje
Old Saxon: wundrōn
Middle Low German: wunderen, wonderen, wundern
German Low German: wunnern
Old Dutch: wunderon
Middle Dutch: wunderen, wonderen
Dutch: wonderen
Afrikaans: wonder
Old High German: wuntarōn
Middle High German: wunderen, wundern
German: wundern

Old Norse: undra
Icelandic: undra
Faroese: undrast
Norwegian Nynorsk: undra, undre; undrast
Norwegian Bokmål: undre; undres
Swedish: undra
Danish: undre

From *wundrą (“wonder, miracle”) + *-ōną.


hōrōną

hōrō (active first-person indicative singular)
hōrǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
hōrōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
hōrōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
hōrōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
hōrō (active imperative second-person singular)
hōrōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
hōrōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
hōrōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
hōrō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
hōrōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
hōrōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
hōrōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
hōrōs (active dual first-person indicative)
hōrōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
hōrōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
hōrōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
hōrōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
hōrōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
hōrōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
hōrōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
hōrōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
hōrōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
hōrōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
hōrōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
hōrōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
hōrōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
hōrōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
hōrōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
hōrōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
hōrōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
hōrōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
hōrōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
hōrōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
hōrōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
hōrōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
hōrōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
hōrōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
hōrōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
hōrōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
hōrōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
hōrōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
hōrōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
hōrōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
hōrōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
hōrōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
hōrōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
hōrōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
hōrōndz (active participle present)
hōrōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Old Saxon: horian

Old High German: huorōn

Middle High German: huoren

German: huren

Old Norse: hóra

Icelandic: hóra


hamalōną

hamalō (active first-person indicative singular)
hamalǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
hamalōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
hamalōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
hamalōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
hamalō (active imperative second-person singular)
hamalōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
hamalōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
hamalōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
hamalō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
hamalōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
hamalōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
hamalōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
hamalōs (active dual first-person indicative)
hamalōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
hamalōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
hamalōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
hamalōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
hamalōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
hamalōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
hamalōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
hamalōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
hamalōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
hamalōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
hamalōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
hamalōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
hamalōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
hamalōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
hamalōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
hamalōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
hamalōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
hamalōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
hamalōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
hamalōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
hamalōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
hamalōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
hamalōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
hamalōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
hamalōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
hamalōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
hamalōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
hamalōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
hamalōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
hamalōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
hamalōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
hamalōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
hamalōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
hamalōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
hamalōndz (active participle present)
hamalōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *hamalōn
Old English: hamelian
Old Frisian: homelia
Old High German: hamalōn
Middle High German: hamelen, hemelen
German: hammeln, hämmeln (obsolete)

Old Norse: hamla

Icelandic: hamla


sipōną

sipō (active first-person indicative singular)
sipǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
sipōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
sipōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
sipōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
sipō (active imperative second-person singular)
sipōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
sipōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
sipōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
sipō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
sipōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
sipōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
sipōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
sipōs (active dual first-person indicative)
sipōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
sipōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
sipōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
sipōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
sipōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
sipōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
sipōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
sipōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
sipōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
sipōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
sipōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
sipōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
sipōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
sipōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
sipōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
sipōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
sipōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
sipōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
sipōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
sipōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
sipōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
sipōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
sipōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
sipōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
sipōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
sipōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
sipōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
sipōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
sipōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
sipōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
sipōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
sipōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
sipōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
sipōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
sipōndz (active participle present)
sipōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Old English: sipian, sypian

>? Middle English: sippen

English: sip

Scots: sip

Old Saxon: *sipōn

Middle Low German: sipen, sypen

German Low German: sipen, sippen

Old High German: *sipfōn, *siffōn

Middle High German: siffen

From Proto-Indo-European *seyb- (“to pour, leak, trickle”).


dreupaną

dreupō (active first-person indicative singular)
dreupaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
dreupai (first-person indicative passive singular)
driupizi (active indicative second-person singular)
dreupaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
dreup (active imperative second-person singular)
dreupazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
dreupaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
driupidi (active indicative singular third-person)
dreupai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
dreupadau (active imperative singular third-person)
dreupadai (indicative passive singular third-person)
dreupaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
dreupōz (active dual first-person indicative)
dreupaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
dreupadiz (active dual indicative second-person)
dreupaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
dreupadiz (active dual imperative second-person)
dreupamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
dreupaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
dreupandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
dreupaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
driupid (active indicative plural second-person)
dreupaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
driupid (active imperative plural second-person)
dreupandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
dreupaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
dreupandi (active indicative plural third-person)
dreupain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
dreupandau (active imperative plural third-person)
dreupandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
dreupaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
draup (active first-person indicative singular)
drupį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
drauft (active indicative second-person singular)
drupīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
draup (active indicative singular third-person)
drupī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
drupū (active dual first-person indicative)
drupīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
drupudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
drupīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
drupum (active first-person indicative plural)
drupīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
drupud (active indicative plural second-person)
drupīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
drupun (active indicative plural third-person)
drupīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
dreupandz (active participle present)
drupanaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *dreupan
Old English: drēopan
Middle English: drepen, drepe
Scots: dreep
→ English: dreep
Old Frisian: driāpa
⇒ Saterland Frisian: drjupe
⇒ West Frisian: drippe, dripje
Old Saxon: driopan
Middle Low German: drêpen
Old Dutch: driopan, driepan
Middle Dutch: drupen
Dutch: druipen
Afrikaans: druip
Old High German: triofan
Middle High German: triefen
German: triefen
Yiddish: טריפֿן (trifn)

Old Norse: drjúpa
Icelandic: drjúpa
Norwegian Nynorsk: drypa, drype
Swedish: drypa

desc

→? Proto-Finnic: *rüüp'ät'äk (“to sip, drink”) (see there for further descendants)

Back-formation from the iterative *druppōną, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰrbʰ-néh₂-, from *dʰrebʰ- (“to drop, drip”). Also compare *drupô (“a drop”).


draupijaną

draupijō (active first-person indicative singular)
draupijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
draupijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
draupīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
draupijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
draupī (active imperative second-person singular)
draupijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
draupijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
draupīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
draupijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
draupijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
draupijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
draupijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
draupijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
draupijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
draupijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
draupijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
draupijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
draupijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
draupijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
draupijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
draupijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
draupīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
draupijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
draupīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
draupijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
draupijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
draupijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
draupijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
draupijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
draupijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
draupijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
draupidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
draupidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
draupidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
draupidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
draupidē (active indicative singular third-person)
draupidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
draupidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
draupidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
draupidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
draupidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
draupidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
draupidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
draupidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
draupidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
draupidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
draupidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
draupijandz (active participle present)
draupidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *draupijan
Old English: drīepan
Middle English: drīpen, drippen
English: drip
Old High German: troufen
Middle High German: troufen, trōufen

Old Norse: dreypa

Icelandic: dreypa

Faroese: droypa

Norwegian Nynorsk: drøypa

Swedish: dröpa


þrawjaną

þrawjō (active first-person indicative singular)
þrawjaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
þrawjai (first-person indicative passive singular)
þrawisi (active indicative second-person singular)
þrawjais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
þrawi (active imperative second-person singular)
þrawjasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
þrawjaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
þrawiþi (active indicative singular third-person)
þrawjai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
þrawjaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
þrawjaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
þrawjaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
þrawjōs (active dual first-person indicative)
þrawjaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
þrawjaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
þrawjaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
þrawjaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
þrawjamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
þrawjaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
þrawjanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
þrawjainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
þrawiþ (active indicative plural second-person)
þrawjaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
þrawiþ (active imperative plural second-person)
þrawjanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
þrawjainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
þrawjanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
þrawjain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
þrawjanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
þrawjanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
þrawjainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
þrawidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
þrawidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
þrawidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
þrawidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
þrawidē (active indicative singular third-person)
þrawidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
þrawidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
þrawidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
þrawidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
þrawidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
þrawidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
þrawidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
þrawidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
þrawidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
þrawidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
þrawidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
þrawjandz (active participle present)
þrawidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *þrauwjan
Old English: þrēaġan
Old High German: drouwen, drōwen, drōen
Middle High German: drewen, dröuwen
German: dräuen

Old Norse: þreyja
Icelandic: þreyja

From *þrawō (“suffering, longing”) + *-janą.


þrautijaną

þrautijō (active first-person indicative singular)
þrautijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
þrautijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
þrautīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
þrautijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
þrautī (active imperative second-person singular)
þrautijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
þrautijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
þrautīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
þrautijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
þrautijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
þrautijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
þrautijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
þrautijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
þrautijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
þrautijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
þrautijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
þrautijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
þrautijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
þrautijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
þrautijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
þrautijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
þrautīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
þrautijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
þrautīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
þrautijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
þrautijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
þrautijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
þrautijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
þrautijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
þrautijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
þrautijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
þrautidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
þrautidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
þrautidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
þrautidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
þrautidē (active indicative singular third-person)
þrautidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
þrautidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
þrautidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
þrautidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
þrautidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
þrautidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
þrautidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
þrautidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
þrautidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
þrautidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
þrautidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
þrautijandz (active participle present)
þrautidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Old Norse: þreyta

Icelandic: þreyta

Faroese: troyta

⇒ Old Norse: þreyttr (“tired”)
Icelandic: þreyttur
Faroese: troyttur
Norwegian:
Norwegian Bokmål: trøtt
Norwegian Nynorsk: trøytt
Old Swedish: þrötter, throtter
Swedish: trött, trott (dated)
Old Danish: thræt
Danish: træt
→ Norwegian Bokmål: trett

From *þreutaną (“to harass, weary”) + *-janą.


mōþijaną

mōþijō (active first-person indicative singular)
mōþijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
mōþijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
mōþīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
mōþijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
mōþī (active imperative second-person singular)
mōþijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
mōþijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
mōþīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
mōþijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
mōþijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
mōþijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
mōþijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
mōþijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
mōþijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
mōþijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
mōþijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
mōþijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
mōþijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
mōþijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
mōþijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
mōþijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
mōþīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
mōþijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
mōþīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
mōþijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
mōþijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
mōþijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
mōþijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
mōþijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
mōþijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
mōþijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
mōþidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
mōþidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
mōþidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
mōþidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
mōþidē (active indicative singular third-person)
mōþidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
mōþidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
mōþidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
mōþidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
mōþidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
mōþidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
mōþidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
mōþidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
mōþidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
mōþidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
mōþidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
mōþijandz (active participle present)
mōþidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *mōþijan

Old Saxon: *mōthian, *mōthōn

Middle Low German: mö̂den

Old Dutch: muothen

Middle Dutch: moeden, mueden, muden

Old High German: *muoden

⇒ Old High German: unmuodento (adverb)

Old Norse: mǿða, mœða
Faroese: møða
Icelandic: mæða
Norwegian Nynorsk: møda
Old Swedish: mø̄þa
Swedish: möda
Old Danish: møthæ
Danish: møde


drōbijaną

drōbijō (active first-person indicative singular)
drōbijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
drōbijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
drōbīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
drōbijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
drōbī (active imperative second-person singular)
drōbijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
drōbijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
drōbīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
drōbijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
drōbijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
drōbijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
drōbijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
drōbijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
drōbijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
drōbijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
drōbijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
drōbijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
drōbijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
drōbijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
drōbijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
drōbijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
drōbīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
drōbijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
drōbīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
drōbijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
drōbijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
drōbijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
drōbijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
drōbijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
drōbijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
drōbijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
drōbidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
drōbidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
drōbidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
drōbidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
drōbidē (active indicative singular third-person)
drōbidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
drōbidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
drōbidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
drōbidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
drōbidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
drōbidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
drōbidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
drōbidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
drōbidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
drōbidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
drōbidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
drōbijandz (active participle present)
drōbidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *drōbijan
Old English: drēfan
Middle English: dreven
English: dreve
Old Saxon: drōvian
Middle Low German: drôven
⇒ German Low German: indröven
⇒ Middle Low German: bedrōven
German Low German: bedröven
→ Swedish: bedröva
→ Danish: bedrøve
Old Dutch: druoven
Middle Dutch: droeven
Dutch: droeven
Limburgish: dreuve, druueve
Old High German: truoben
Middle High German: trüeben
German: trüben

Gothic: 𐌳𐍂𐍉𐌱𐌾𐌰𐌽 (drōbjan)

From *drōbuz (“turbid, troubled”) + *-janą.


trūwāną

trūwō (active first-person indicative singular)
trūwaisi (active indicative second-person singular)
trūwai (active imperative second-person singular)
trūwāsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
trūwaiþi (active indicative singular third-person)
trūwāþau (active imperative singular third-person)
trūwāþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
trūwōs (active dual first-person indicative)
trūwāþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
trūwāþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
trūwāmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
trūwānþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
trūwaiþ (active indicative plural second-person)
trūwaiþ (active imperative plural second-person)
trūwānþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
trūwānþi (active indicative plural third-person)
trūwānþau (active imperative plural third-person)
trūwānþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
trūwadǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
trūwadēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
trūwadēz (active indicative second-person singular)
trūwadēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
trūwadē (active indicative singular third-person)
trūwadēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
trūwadēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
trūwadēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
trūwadēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
trūwadēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
trūwadēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
trūwadēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
trūwadēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
trūwadēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
trūwadēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
trūwadēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
trūwāndz (active participle present)
trūwadaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *trūwēn
Old English: trūwian
Middle English: truwien, truwen, trouwen, trouen, trowen
English: trow
Scots: trow
Old Frisian: trōwia, trouwia
West Frisian: trouwe, trouje
Old Dutch: *trūwon
Middle Dutch: truwen, trouwen
Dutch: trouwen
⇒ Old Dutch: gitrūwon
Old Saxon: *trūwōn
Middle Low German: trûwen, trouwen
Old High German: trūwēn
Middle High German: trūwen, trouwen, triuwen
German: trauen
Luxembourgish: trauen
→ Czech: troufat

Old Norse: trúa
Icelandic: trúa
Faroese: trúgva
Norwegian Bokmål: tro, tru
Norwegian Nynorsk: tru
Danish: tro
Swedish: tro

Gothic: 𐍄𐍂𐌰𐌿𐌰𐌽 (trauan)

From *trūwaz (“faithful”) + *-āną, with quasi-Indo-European form *druH-e₁-ye-ti. See *triwwiz (“loyal, trustworthy”) for more.


draumijaną

draumijō (active first-person indicative singular)
draumijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
draumijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
draumīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
draumijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
draumī (active imperative second-person singular)
draumijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
draumijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
draumīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
draumijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
draumijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
draumijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
draumijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
draumijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
draumijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
draumijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
draumijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
draumijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
draumijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
draumijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
draumijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
draumijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
draumīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
draumijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
draumīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
draumijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
draumijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
draumijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
draumijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
draumijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
draumijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
draumijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
draumidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
draumidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
draumidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
draumidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
draumidē (active indicative singular third-person)
draumidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
draumidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
draumidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
draumidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
draumidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
draumidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
draumidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
draumidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
draumidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
draumidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
draumidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
draumijandz (active participle present)
draumidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *draumijan
Old English: drīeman, drēman, drȳman
Middle English: dremen, dreme, dreomen, dreamen (Early Middle English)
English: dream
Old Frisian:
Saterland Frisian: dreme, drööme
West Frisian: dreame
Old Saxon: drōmian, *drōmen
Middle Low German: drö̂men
Low German: drömen
Old Dutch: *drōmen
Middle Dutch: drômen
Dutch: dromen
Limburgish: druime, droume
Old High German: troumen, (Central German) *droumen
Middle High German: troumen, tröumen, dröumen
Bavarian: trama
Cimbrian: tröoman, truamen
Central Franconian: drööme, dreeme
Luxembourgish: dreemen
German: träumen
Yiddish: טרוימען (troymen)

Old Norse: dreyma

Icelandic: dreyma

Faroese: droyma

Norwegian Nynorsk: drøyma

Swedish: drömma

Danish: drømme

Norwegian Bokmål: drømme


leugāną

leugō (active first-person indicative singular)
leugaisi (active indicative second-person singular)
leugai (active imperative second-person singular)
leugāsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
leugaiþi (active indicative singular third-person)
leugāþau (active imperative singular third-person)
leugāþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
leugōs (active dual first-person indicative)
leugāþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
leugāþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
leugāmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
leugānþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
leugaiþ (active indicative plural second-person)
leugaiþ (active imperative plural second-person)
leugānþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
leugānþi (active indicative plural third-person)
leugānþau (active imperative plural third-person)
leugānþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
leugadǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
leugadēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
leugadēz (active indicative second-person singular)
leugadēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
leugadē (active indicative singular third-person)
leugadēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
leugadēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
leugadēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
leugadēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
leugadēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
leugadēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
leugadēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
leugadēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
leugadēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
leugadēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
leugadēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
leugāndz (active participle present)
leugadaz (active participle past subjunctive)
*lugāną (alternative)

Proto-West Germanic: *leugēn

Old Frisian: logia, loia

Gothic: 𐌻𐌹𐌿𐌲𐌰𐌽 (liugan)


darbijaną

darbijō (active first-person indicative singular)
darbijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
darbijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
darbīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
darbijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
darbī (active imperative second-person singular)
darbijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
darbijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
darbīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
darbijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
darbijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
darbijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
darbijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
darbijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
darbijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
darbijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
darbijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
darbijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
darbijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
darbijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
darbijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
darbijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
darbīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
darbijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
darbīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
darbijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
darbijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
darbijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
darbijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
darbijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
darbijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
darbijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
darbidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
darbidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
darbidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
darbidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
darbidē (active indicative singular third-person)
darbidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
darbidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
darbidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
darbidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
darbidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
darbidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
darbidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
darbidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
darbidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
darbidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
darbidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
darbijandz (active participle present)
darbidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Old Saxon: *dervian

Middle Low German: derven

⇒ Old Dutch: *biderven

Middle Dutch: bederven (conflated with the strong verb)

Dutch: bederven

⇒ Old Dutch: *farderven

Middle Dutch: verderven

Dutch: verderven

Old High German: *farderben

Middle High German: verderben

German: verderben

From *derbaną (“to work, perish”) + *-janą.


dirbijaną

dirbijō (active first-person indicative singular)
dirbijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
dirbijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
dirbīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
dirbijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
dirbī (active imperative second-person singular)
dirbijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
dirbijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
dirbīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
dirbijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
dirbijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
dirbijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
dirbijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
dirbijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
dirbijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
dirbijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
dirbijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
dirbijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
dirbijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
dirbijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
dirbijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
dirbijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
dirbīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
dirbijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
dirbīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
dirbijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
dirbijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
dirbijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
dirbijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
dirbijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
dirbijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
dirbijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
dirbidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
dirbidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
dirbidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
dirbidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
dirbidē (active indicative singular third-person)
dirbidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
dirbidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
dirbidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
dirbidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
dirbidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
dirbidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
dirbidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
dirbidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
dirbidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
dirbidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
dirbidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
dirbijandz (active participle present)
dirbidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Old Norse: dirfa

Icelandic: dirfa

Norwegian: dirvast


dīkaną

dīkō (active first-person indicative singular)
dīkaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
dīkai (first-person indicative passive singular)
dīkizi (active indicative second-person singular)
dīkaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
dīk (active imperative second-person singular)
dīkazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
dīkaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
dīkidi (active indicative singular third-person)
dīkai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
dīkadau (active imperative singular third-person)
dīkadai (indicative passive singular third-person)
dīkaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
dīkōz (active dual first-person indicative)
dīkaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
dīkadiz (active dual indicative second-person)
dīkaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
dīkadiz (active dual imperative second-person)
dīkamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
dīkaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
dīkandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
dīkaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
dīkid (active indicative plural second-person)
dīkaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
dīkid (active imperative plural second-person)
dīkandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
dīkaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
dīkandi (active indicative plural third-person)
dīkain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
dīkandau (active imperative plural third-person)
dīkandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
dīkaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
daik (active first-person indicative singular)
dikį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
daiht (active indicative second-person singular)
dikīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
daik (active indicative singular third-person)
dikī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
dikū (active dual first-person indicative)
dikīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
dikudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
dikīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
dikum (active first-person indicative plural)
dikīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
dikud (active indicative plural second-person)
dikīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
dikun (active indicative plural third-person)
dikīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
dīkandz (active participle present)
dikanaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *dīkan
Old Saxon: *dīkan
Middle Low German: dîken
Old Dutch: *dīcan
Middle Dutch: diken
Old High German: *tīhhan
Middle High German: tīchen

From Proto-Indo-European *dʰeygʷ- (“to ditch, plant, set up”).


dīkaną

Proto-West Germanic: *dīkan

Old Saxon: *dīkan

desc

Middle Low German: dîken (“to atone, make amends”)

Old High German: *tīhhan

Middle High German: tīchen (“to bring about, initiate; atone, suffer for”)

German: teichen (“to do good, remunerate”)

From Proto-Indo-European *dʰeyǵʰ-n-, from *dʰeyǵʰ- (“to form, shape”).


hnōną

hnō (active first-person indicative singular)
hnǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
hnōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
hnōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
hnōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
hnō (active imperative second-person singular)
hnōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
hnōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
hnōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
hnō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
hnōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
hnōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
hnōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
hnōs (active dual first-person indicative)
hnōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
hnōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
hnōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
hnōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
hnōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
hnōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
hnōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
hnōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
hnōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
hnōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
hnōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
hnōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
hnōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
hnōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
hnōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
hnōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
hnōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
hnōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
hnōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
hnōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
hnōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
hnōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
hnōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
hnōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
hnōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
hnōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
hnōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
hnōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
hnōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
hnōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
hnōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
hnōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
hnōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
hnōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
hnōndz (active participle present)
hnōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Old High German: nōen

Middle High German: nūejen