dawwāną

dawwō (active first-person indicative singular)
dawwaisi (active indicative second-person singular)
dawwai (active imperative second-person singular)
dawwāsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
dawwaiþi (active indicative singular third-person)
dawwāþau (active imperative singular third-person)
dawwāþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
dawwōs (active dual first-person indicative)
dawwāþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
dawwāþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
dawwāmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
dawwānþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
dawwaiþ (active indicative plural second-person)
dawwaiþ (active imperative plural second-person)
dawwānþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
dawwānþi (active indicative plural third-person)
dawwānþau (active imperative plural third-person)
dawwānþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
dawwadǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
dawwadēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
dawwadēz (active indicative second-person singular)
dawwadēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
dawwadē (active indicative singular third-person)
dawwadēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
dawwadēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
dawwadēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
dawwadēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
dawwadēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
dawwadēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
dawwadēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
dawwadēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
dawwadēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
dawwadēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
dawwadēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
dawwāndz (active participle present)
dawwadaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *dauwēn
Old English: *dēawian
Middle English: dewyn, dewe, dewey, dæwwenn
English: dew
Old Frisian: dauwa
Saterland Frisian: daue
Old Dutch: *douwon
Middle Dutch: douwen, dauwen
Dutch: dauwen
Old High German: touwēn
Middle High German: touwen
German: tauen

Old Norse: dǫggva
Icelandic: döggva
Norwegian Nynorsk: dogga
→ Norwegian Bokmål: dogge
Swedish: dugga
Danish: dugge
Norwegian Bokmål: dugge


mirkwijaną

mirkwijō (active first-person indicative singular)
mirkwijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
mirkwijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
mirkwīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
mirkwijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
mirkwī (active imperative second-person singular)
mirkwijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
mirkwijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
mirkwīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
mirkwijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
mirkwijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
mirkwijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
mirkwijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
mirkwijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
mirkwijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
mirkwijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
mirkwijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
mirkwijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
mirkwijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
mirkwijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
mirkwijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
mirkwijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
mirkwīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
mirkwijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
mirkwīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
mirkwijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
mirkwijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
mirkwijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
mirkwijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
mirkwijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
mirkwijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
mirkwijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
mirkwidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
mirkwidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
mirkwidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
mirkwidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
mirkwidē (active indicative singular third-person)
mirkwidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
mirkwidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
mirkwidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
mirkwidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
mirkwidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
mirkwidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
mirkwidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
mirkwidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
mirkwidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
mirkwidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
mirkwidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
mirkwijandz (active participle present)
mirkwidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Old Norse: myrkja, myrkva

Icelandic: myrkja, myrkva

Faroese: myrkja

→ Middle English: mirken

English: mirk

Scots: myrk, mirk


armijaną

armijō (active first-person indicative singular)
armijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
armijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
armīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
armijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
armī (active imperative second-person singular)
armijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
armijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
armīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
armijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
armijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
armijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
armijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
armijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
armijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
armijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
armijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
armijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
armijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
armijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
armijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
armijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
armīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
armijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
armīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
armijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
armijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
armijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
armijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
armijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
armijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
armijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
armidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
armidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
armidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
armidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
armidē (active indicative singular third-person)
armidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
armidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
armidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
armidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
armidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
armidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
armidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
armidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
armidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
armidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
armidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
armijandz (active participle present)
armidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *armijan
Old English: ierman, yrman
Middle English: ermen
Old High German: armen, ermen
Middle High German: armen, ermen
German: armen
Switzerland German: ärmen

Old Norse: erma

Icelandic: erma


taiknijaną

taiknijō (active first-person indicative singular)
taiknijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
taiknijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
taiknīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
taiknijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
taiknī (active imperative second-person singular)
taiknijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
taiknijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
taiknīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
taiknijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
taiknijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
taiknijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
taiknijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
taiknijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
taiknijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
taiknijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
taiknijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
taiknijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
taiknijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
taiknijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
taiknijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
taiknijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
taiknīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
taiknijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
taiknīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
taiknijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
taiknijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
taiknijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
taiknijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
taiknijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
taiknijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
taiknijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
taiknidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
taiknidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
taiknidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
taiknidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
taiknidē (active indicative singular third-person)
taiknidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
taiknidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
taiknidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
taiknidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
taiknidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
taiknidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
taiknidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
taiknidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
taiknidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
taiknidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
taiknidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
taiknijandz (active participle present)
taiknidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *taiknijan
Old English: tǣcnan
Old Saxon: tēknian
Middle Low German: tēkenen
Old Dutch: *tēknen
Middle Dutch: têkenen, teikenen
Dutch: tekenen, teekenen (before 1934)
Afrikaans: teken
→ Caribbean Javanese: tèken
Limburgish: teikene
Old High German: zeihhanen, zeichanen, zeihnen
Middle High German: zeichenen
German: zeichnen

Old Norse: teikna

Icelandic: teikna

Faroese: tekna

Norwegian Nynorsk: teikna

Old Swedish: tekna

Swedish: teckna

Old Danish: tegnæ, tekna

Danish: tegne

Norwegian Bokmål: tegne

Gothic: 𐍄𐌰𐌹𐌺𐌽𐌾𐌰𐌽 (taiknjan)

From *taikną (“sign, token, symbol”) + *-janą.


taiknōną

taiknō (active first-person indicative singular)
taiknǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
taiknōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
taiknōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
taiknōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
taiknō (active imperative second-person singular)
taiknōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
taiknōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
taiknōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
taiknō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
taiknōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
taiknōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
taiknōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
taiknōs (active dual first-person indicative)
taiknōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
taiknōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
taiknōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
taiknōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
taiknōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
taiknōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
taiknōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
taiknōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
taiknōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
taiknōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
taiknōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
taiknōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
taiknōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
taiknōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
taiknōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
taiknōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
taiknōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
taiknōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
taiknōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
taiknōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
taiknōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
taiknōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
taiknōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
taiknōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
taiknōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
taiknōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
taiknōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
taiknōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
taiknōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
taiknōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
taiknōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
taiknōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
taiknōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
taiknōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
taiknōndz (active participle present)
taiknōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *taiknōn
Old English: tācnian
Middle English: toknen
English: token
Scots: taiken
→ Old Norse: tákna
Icelandic: tákna
Old Frisian: tēknia, tēkena, tēkna
Old High German: zeihhanōn, zeichanōn
Middle High German: zeichenen
German: zeichnen

Old Norse: teikna

Danish: tegne

Faroese: tekna

Icelandic: teikna

Norwegian Bokmål: tegne

Norwegian Nynorsk: teikne

Swedish: teckna

From *taikną (“sign, token, symbol”) + *-ōną.


swelaną

swelō (active first-person indicative singular)
swelaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
swelai (first-person indicative passive singular)
swilizi (active indicative second-person singular)
swelaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
swel (active imperative second-person singular)
swelazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
swelaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
swilidi (active indicative singular third-person)
swelai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
sweladau (active imperative singular third-person)
sweladai (indicative passive singular third-person)
swelaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
swelōz (active dual first-person indicative)
swelaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
sweladiz (active dual indicative second-person)
swelaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
sweladiz (active dual imperative second-person)
swelamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
swelaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
swelandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
swelaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
swilid (active indicative plural second-person)
swelaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
swilid (active imperative plural second-person)
swelandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
swelaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
swelandi (active indicative plural third-person)
swelain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
swelandau (active imperative plural third-person)
swelandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
swelaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
swal (active first-person indicative singular)
swēlį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
swalt (active indicative second-person singular)
swēlīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
swal (active indicative singular third-person)
swēlī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
swēlū (active dual first-person indicative)
swēlīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
swēludiz (active dual indicative second-person)
swēlīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
swēlum (active first-person indicative plural)
swēlīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
swēlud (active indicative plural second-person)
swēlīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
swēlun (active indicative plural third-person)
swēlīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
swelandz (active participle present)
sulanaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *swelan
Old English: swelan
Middle English: swelen
English: sweal
Old Saxon: *swelan
Middle Low German: swelen, swēlen
German Low German: swelen
→ German: schwelen
Old Dutch: *swelan
Middle Dutch: swelen
Dutch: zwelen
Old High German: *swelan
⇒ Old High German: erswelan

From Proto-Indo-European *swelH- (“to burn”). Cognate with Lithuanian svi̇̀lti (“to singe”), Latvian svals (“vapor, smoke”), Ancient Greek εἵλη (heílē, “warmth of the sun”), and possibly Old Armenian նքողիմ (nkʻołim, “to be parched, dried, tired, unwell”).


kweraną

kwerō (active first-person indicative singular)
kweraų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
kwerai (first-person indicative passive singular)
kwirizi (active indicative second-person singular)
kweraiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
kwer (active imperative second-person singular)
kwerazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
kweraizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
kwiridi (active indicative singular third-person)
kwerai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
kweradau (active imperative singular third-person)
kweradai (indicative passive singular third-person)
kweraidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
kwerōz (active dual first-person indicative)
kweraiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
kweradiz (active dual indicative second-person)
kweraidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
kweradiz (active dual imperative second-person)
kweramaz (active first-person indicative plural)
kweraim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
kwerandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
kweraindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
kwirid (active indicative plural second-person)
kweraid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
kwirid (active imperative plural second-person)
kwerandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
kweraindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
kwerandi (active indicative plural third-person)
kwerain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
kwerandau (active imperative plural third-person)
kwerandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
kweraindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
kwar (active first-person indicative singular)
kwērį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
kwart (active indicative second-person singular)
kwērīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
kwar (active indicative singular third-person)
kwērī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
kwērū (active dual first-person indicative)
kwērīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
kwērudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
kwērīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
kwērum (active first-person indicative plural)
kwērīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
kwērud (active indicative plural second-person)
kwērīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
kwērun (active indicative plural third-person)
kwērīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
kwerandz (active participle present)
kuranaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *kweran
⇒ Old English: *cweart
⇒ Old English: cweartern, *cweartærn
Middle English: quartern
Old Saxon: *kweran
Middle Low German: quēren, querren, quarren
German Low German: quarren
→ German: quarren
Old High German: kweran, queran
⇒ Old High German: irkweran, irqueran

From Proto-Indo-European *gʷerH-, cognate with Lithuanian gùrti (“to scream”).


skrepaną

skrepō (active first-person indicative singular)
skrepaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
skrepai (first-person indicative passive singular)
skripizi (active indicative second-person singular)
skrepaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
skrep (active imperative second-person singular)
skrepazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
skrepaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
skripidi (active indicative singular third-person)
skrepai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
skrepadau (active imperative singular third-person)
skrepadai (indicative passive singular third-person)
skrepaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
skrepōz (active dual first-person indicative)
skrepaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
skrepadiz (active dual indicative second-person)
skrepaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
skrepadiz (active dual imperative second-person)
skrepamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
skrepaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
skrepandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
skrepaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
skripid (active indicative plural second-person)
skrepaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
skripid (active imperative plural second-person)
skrepandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
skrepaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
skrepandi (active indicative plural third-person)
skrepain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
skrepandau (active imperative plural third-person)
skrepandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
skrepaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
skrap (active first-person indicative singular)
skrēpį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
skraft (active indicative second-person singular)
skrēpīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
skrap (active indicative singular third-person)
skrēpī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
skrēpū (active dual first-person indicative)
skrēpīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
skrēpudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
skrēpīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
skrēpum (active first-person indicative plural)
skrēpīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
skrēpud (active indicative plural second-person)
skrēpīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
skrēpun (active indicative plural third-person)
skrēpīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
skrepandz (active participle present)
skrepanaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *skrepan
Old English: sċrepan
Middle English: screpen, schrepen
Old Saxon: *skrepan
Middle Low German: schrēpen
Old Dutch: *skrepan
Middle Dutch: schrēpen
Old High German: *skrepfan, *skreffan
Middle High German: schepfen, schreffen, schrefen, schreven
German: schröpfen (partially)

From Proto-Indo-European *(s)ker-b- (“to scratch, to engrave”). The current form with -p- was influenced by the iteratives, the presumed primary form *skrebaną (“to scratch”) is unattested.
Related to *skerpaną and *skerbaną (“to scratch”).


skrapōną

skrapō (active first-person indicative singular)
skrapǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
skrapōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
skrapōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
skrapōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
skrapō (active imperative second-person singular)
skrapōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
skrapōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
skrapōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
skrapō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
skrapōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
skrapōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
skrapōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
skrapōs (active dual first-person indicative)
skrapōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
skrapōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
skrapōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
skrapōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
skrapōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
skrapōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
skrapōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
skrapōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
skrapōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
skrapōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
skrapōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
skrapōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
skrapōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
skrapōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
skrapōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
skrapōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
skrapōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
skrapōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
skrapōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
skrapōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
skrapōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
skrapōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
skrapōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
skrapōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
skrapōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
skrapōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
skrapōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
skrapōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
skrapōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
skrapōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
skrapōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
skrapōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
skrapōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
skrapōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
skrapōndz (active participle present)
skrapōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *skrapōn
Old English: sċrapian
Middle English: schrapen, scrapen (influenced by Old Norse)
English: scrape
Scots: scrap, scraip
Old Frisian: *skrapia, *skrabia
Saterland Frisian: skraabje
West Frisian: skraabje
Old Saxon: *skrapōn
Middle Low German: schrāpen, schrappen
German Low German: schrabben
Old Dutch: *scrapon
Middle Dutch: schrāpen
Dutch: schrapen
Afrikaans: skraap
Old High German: *skrapōn
Middle High German: schrapen
German: schrappen
Walloon: screper, Walloon: crape

→ Walloon: crape, → Walloon: screper

Old Norse: skrapa

Danish: skrabe

Icelandic: skrapa

Norwegian Bokmål: skrape

Norwegian Nynorsk: skrape

Swedish: skrapa

From *skrepaną (“to scratch, scrape”) + *-ōną.


skrappōną

skrappō (active first-person indicative singular)
skrappǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
skrappōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
skrappōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
skrappōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
skrappō (active imperative second-person singular)
skrappōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
skrappōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
skrappōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
skrappō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
skrappōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
skrappōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
skrappōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
skrappōs (active dual first-person indicative)
skrappōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
skrappōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
skrappōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
skrappōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
skrappōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
skrappōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
skrappōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
skrappōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
skrappōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
skrappōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
skrappōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
skrappōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
skrappōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
skrappōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
skrappōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
skrappōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
skrappōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
skrappōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
skrappōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
skrappōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
skrappōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
skrappōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
skrappōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
skrappōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
skrappōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
skrappōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
skrappōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
skrappōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
skrappōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
skrappōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
skrappōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
skrappōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
skrappōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
skrappōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
skrappōndz (active participle present)
skrappōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *skrappōn
Old Dutch: *scrabon, *scrabbon, *scrappon
Middle Dutch: schrāven, schrabben, schrappen
Dutch: schrappen
Old High German: *skraffōn
Middle High German: schraffen

Old Norse: skraba

Danish: skrabe

An iterative formed from Proto-Indo-European *(s)ker-b- (“to scratch, to engrave”). and influenced by *skrepaną.


streþaną

streþō (active first-person indicative singular)
streþaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
streþai (first-person indicative passive singular)
striþizi (active indicative second-person singular)
streþaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
streþ (active imperative second-person singular)
streþazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
streþaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
striþidi (active indicative singular third-person)
streþai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
streþadau (active imperative singular third-person)
streþadai (indicative passive singular third-person)
streþaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
streþōz (active dual first-person indicative)
streþaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
streþadiz (active dual indicative second-person)
streþaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
streþadiz (active dual imperative second-person)
streþamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
streþaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
streþandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
streþaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
striþid (active indicative plural second-person)
streþaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
striþid (active imperative plural second-person)
streþandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
streþaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
streþandi (active indicative plural third-person)
streþain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
streþandau (active imperative plural third-person)
streþandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
streþaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
straþ (active first-person indicative singular)
strēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
strast (active indicative second-person singular)
strēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
straþ (active indicative singular third-person)
strēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
strēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
strēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
strēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
strēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
strēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
strēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
strēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
strēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
strēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
strēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
streþandz (active participle present)
stredanaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *streþan
Old High German: stredan
Middle High German: streden
⇒ German: strudeln

From Proto-Indo-European *sret- (“to swirl, to flow”).


struttōną

struttō (active first-person indicative singular)
struttǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
struttōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
struttōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
struttōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
struttō (active imperative second-person singular)
struttōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
struttōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
struttōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
struttō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
struttōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
struttōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
struttōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
struttōs (active dual first-person indicative)
struttōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
struttōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
struttōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
struttōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
struttōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
struttōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
struttōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
struttōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
struttōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
struttōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
struttōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
struttōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
struttōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
struttōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
struttōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
struttōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
struttōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
struttōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
struttōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
struttōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
struttōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
struttōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
struttōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
struttōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
struttōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
struttōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
struttōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
struttōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
struttōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
struttōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
struttōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
struttōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
struttōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
struttōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
struttōndz (active participle present)
struttōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *strottōn

Old High German: *strotzōn

Middle High German: strotzen


struttōną

Proto-West Germanic: *strottōn

Old High German: *strotzōn

Middle High German: strotzen

Possibly from Proto-Indo-European *(s)ter- (“strong, firm, stiff, rigid”)


finkaną

finkō (active first-person indicative singular)
finkaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
finkai (first-person indicative passive singular)
finkizi (active indicative second-person singular)
finkaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
fink (active imperative second-person singular)
finkazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
finkaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
finkidi (active indicative singular third-person)
finkai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
finkadau (active imperative singular third-person)
finkadai (indicative passive singular third-person)
finkaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
finkōz (active dual first-person indicative)
finkaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
finkadiz (active dual indicative second-person)
finkaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
finkadiz (active dual imperative second-person)
finkamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
finkaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
finkandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
finkaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
finkid (active indicative plural second-person)
finkaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
finkid (active imperative plural second-person)
finkandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
finkaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
finkandi (active indicative plural third-person)
finkain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
finkandau (active imperative plural third-person)
finkandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
finkaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
fank (active first-person indicative singular)
funkį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
fanht (active indicative second-person singular)
funkīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
fank (active indicative singular third-person)
funkī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
funkū (active dual first-person indicative)
funkīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
funkudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
funkīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
funkum (active first-person indicative plural)
funkīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
funkud (active indicative plural second-person)
funkīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
funkun (active indicative plural third-person)
funkīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
finkandz (active participle present)
funkanaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *finkan
Old Dutch: *finkan
Middle Dutch: vinken
Old High German: *finkan
⇒ Old High German: *finklōn
Middle High German: finkeln
German: finkeln

From Proto-Indo-European *penk-. The current form with -k- was influenced by the iteratives, the presumed primary form *finhaną is unattested.


fankijaną

fankijō (active first-person indicative singular)
fankijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
fankijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
fankīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
fankijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
fankī (active imperative second-person singular)
fankijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
fankijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
fankīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
fankijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
fankijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
fankijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
fankijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
fankijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
fankijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
fankijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
fankijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
fankijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
fankijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
fankijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
fankijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
fankijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
fankīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
fankijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
fankīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
fankijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
fankijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
fankijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
fankijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
fankijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
fankijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
fankijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
fankidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
fankidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
fankidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
fankidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
fankidē (active indicative singular third-person)
fankidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
fankidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
fankidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
fankidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
fankidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
fankidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
fankidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
fankidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
fankidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
fankidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
fankidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
fankijandz (active participle present)
fankidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *fankijan
Old Dutch: *fenken
⇒ Middle Dutch: ontfenken
Old High German: *fenken
Middle High German: venken


fangijaną

fangijō (active first-person indicative singular)
fangijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
fangijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
fangīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
fangijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
fangī (active imperative second-person singular)
fangijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
fangijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
fangīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
fangijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
fangijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
fangijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
fangijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
fangijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
fangijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
fangijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
fangijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
fangijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
fangijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
fangijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
fangijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
fangijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
fangīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
fangijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
fangīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
fangijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
fangijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
fangijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
fangijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
fangijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
fangijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
fangijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
fangidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
fangidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
fangidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
fangidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
fangidē (active indicative singular third-person)
fangidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
fangidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
fangidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
fangidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
fangidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
fangidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
fangidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
fangidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
fangidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
fangidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
fangidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
fangijandz (active participle present)
fangidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *fangijan, *fankijan
Old Dutch: *fengen
Old High German: *fengen
Middle High German: vengen, venken

Causative from an unattested verb *finhaną, equivalent to *finhaną + *-janą.

(West Germanic) to cause to sparkle, ignite


gangijaną

gangijō (active first-person indicative singular)
gangijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
gangijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
gangīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
gangijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
gangī (active imperative second-person singular)
gangijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
gangijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
gangīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
gangijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
gangijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
gangijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
gangijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
gangijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
gangijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
gangijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
gangijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
gangijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
gangijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
gangijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
gangijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
gangijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
gangīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
gangijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
gangīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
gangijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
gangijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
gangijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
gangijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
gangijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
gangijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
gangijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
gangidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
gangidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
gangidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
gangidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
gangidē (active indicative singular third-person)
gangidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
gangidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
gangidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
gangidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
gangidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
gangidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
gangidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
gangidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
gangidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
gangidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
gangidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
gangijandz (active participle present)
gangidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *gangijan
Old English: gengan
Old High German: *gengen
⇒ Old High German: zigengen
Middle High German: zergengen

Gothic: 𐌲𐌰𐌲𐌲𐌾𐌰𐌽 (gaggjan)

/ˈɣɑŋ.ɡi.jɑ.nɑ̃/


uzganganą

uzgangō (active first-person indicative singular)
uzgangaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
uzgangai (first-person indicative passive singular)
uzgangizi (active indicative second-person singular)
uzgangaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
uzgang (active imperative second-person singular)
uzgangazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
uzgangaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
uzgangidi (active indicative singular third-person)
uzgangai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
uzgangadau (active imperative singular third-person)
uzgangadai (indicative passive singular third-person)
uzgangaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
uzgangōz (active dual first-person indicative)
uzgangaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
uzgangadiz (active dual indicative second-person)
uzgangaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
uzgangadiz (active dual imperative second-person)
uzgangamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
uzgangaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
uzgangandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
uzgangaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
uzgangid (active indicative plural second-person)
uzgangaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
uzgangid (active imperative plural second-person)
uzgangandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
uzgangaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
uzgangandi (active indicative plural third-person)
uzgangain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
uzgangandau (active imperative plural third-person)
uzgangandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
uzgangaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
uzgegang (active first-person indicative singular)
uzgegangį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
uzgeganht (active indicative second-person singular)
uzgegangīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
uzgegang (active indicative singular third-person)
uzgegangī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
uzgegangū (active dual first-person indicative)
uzgegangīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
uzgegangudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
uzgegangīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
uzgegangum (active first-person indicative plural)
uzgegangīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
uzgegangud (active indicative plural second-person)
uzgegangīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
uzgegangun (active indicative plural third-person)
uzgegangīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
uzgangandz (active participle present)
uzganganaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *uʀgangan
Old English: āgangan
Old Saxon: āgangan
Middle Low German: ergān (< with *ganganą replaced by *gāną)
Old High German: irgangan
Middle High German: ergān, ergēn (< with *ganganą replaced by *gāną)
German: ergehen

Gothic: 𐌿𐍃𐌲𐌰𐌲𐌲𐌰𐌽 (usgaggan)

/ˌuzˈɣɑŋ.ɡɑ.nɑ̃/


sprintaną

sprintō (active first-person indicative singular)
sprintaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
sprintai (first-person indicative passive singular)
sprintizi (active indicative second-person singular)
sprintaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
sprint (active imperative second-person singular)
sprintazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
sprintaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
sprintidi (active indicative singular third-person)
sprintai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
sprintadau (active imperative singular third-person)
sprintadai (indicative passive singular third-person)
sprintaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
sprintōz (active dual first-person indicative)
sprintaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
sprintadiz (active dual indicative second-person)
sprintaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
sprintadiz (active dual imperative second-person)
sprintamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
sprintaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
sprintandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
sprintaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
sprintid (active indicative plural second-person)
sprintaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
sprintid (active imperative plural second-person)
sprintandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
sprintaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
sprintandi (active indicative plural third-person)
sprintain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
sprintandau (active imperative plural third-person)
sprintandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
sprintaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
sprant (active first-person indicative singular)
spruntį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
spranst (active indicative second-person singular)
spruntīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
sprant (active indicative singular third-person)
spruntī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
spruntū (active dual first-person indicative)
spruntīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
spruntudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
spruntīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
spruntum (active first-person indicative plural)
spruntīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
spruntud (active indicative plural second-person)
spruntīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
spruntun (active indicative plural third-person)
spruntīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
sprintandz (active participle present)
spruntanaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *sprintan
Old English: sprintan
Old High German: *sprinzan
Middle High German: sprinzen

Old Norse: spretta

Icelandic: spretta

Norwegian Nynorsk: spretta

Swedish: sprätta

Danish: sprætte

Norwegian Bokmål: sprette

From Proto-Indo-European *(s)prend-. Cognate with Proto-Slavic *prę̀dati (“to jump, leap”).


sprantijaną

sprantijō (active first-person indicative singular)
sprantijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
sprantijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
sprantīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
sprantijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
sprantī (active imperative second-person singular)
sprantijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
sprantijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
sprantīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
sprantijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
sprantijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
sprantijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
sprantijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
sprantijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
sprantijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
sprantijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
sprantijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
sprantijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
sprantijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
sprantijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
sprantijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
sprantijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
sprantīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
sprantijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
sprantīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
sprantijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
sprantijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
sprantijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
sprantijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
sprantijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
sprantijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
sprantijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
sprantidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
sprantidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
sprantidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
sprantidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
sprantidē (active indicative singular third-person)
sprantidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
sprantidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
sprantidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
sprantidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
sprantidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
sprantidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
sprantidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
sprantidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
sprantidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
sprantidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
sprantidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
sprantijandz (active participle present)
sprantidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *sprantijan
Old English: sprentan
Old High German: sprenzan

Old Norse: spretta, *sprenta

Icelandic: spretta

Norwegian Bokmål: sprette

Swedish: sprätta

→ Northern Middle English: sprenten, sprent
English: sprint (see there for further descendants; dialectal sprent, sprunt)
Scots: sprent, sprint, spraint, sprind


trekaną

trekō (active first-person indicative singular)
trekaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
trekai (first-person indicative passive singular)
trikizi (active indicative second-person singular)
trekaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
trek (active imperative second-person singular)
trekazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
trekaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
trikidi (active indicative singular third-person)
trekai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
trekadau (active imperative singular third-person)
trekadai (indicative passive singular third-person)
trekaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
trekōz (active dual first-person indicative)
trekaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
trekadiz (active dual indicative second-person)
trekaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
trekadiz (active dual imperative second-person)
trekamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
trekaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
trekandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
trekaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
trikid (active indicative plural second-person)
trekaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
trikid (active imperative plural second-person)
trekandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
trekaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
trekandi (active indicative plural third-person)
trekain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
trekandau (active imperative plural third-person)
trekandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
trekaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
trak (active first-person indicative singular)
trēkį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
traht (active indicative second-person singular)
trēkīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
trak (active indicative singular third-person)
trēkī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
trēkū (active dual first-person indicative)
trēkīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
trēkudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
trēkīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
trēkum (active first-person indicative plural)
trēkīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
trēkud (active indicative plural second-person)
trēkīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
trēkun (active indicative plural third-person)
trēkīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
trekandz (active participle present)
trekanaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *trekan
Old Frisian: trekka
North Frisian: trecke, tracke
Old Saxon: *trekkan
Middle Low German: trecken
Old High German: *trehhan
⇒ Old High German: bitrehhan
Middle High German: betrëchen

From Proto-Indo-European *dreg- (“to pull”).


trinnaną

trinnō (active first-person indicative singular)
trinnaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
trinnai (first-person indicative passive singular)
trinnizi (active indicative second-person singular)
trinnaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
trinn (active imperative second-person singular)
trinnazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
trinnaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
trinnidi (active indicative singular third-person)
trinnai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
trinnadau (active imperative singular third-person)
trinnadai (indicative passive singular third-person)
trinnaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
trinnōz (active dual first-person indicative)
trinnaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
trinnadiz (active dual indicative second-person)
trinnaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
trinnadiz (active dual imperative second-person)
trinnamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
trinnaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
trinnandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
trinnaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
trinnid (active indicative plural second-person)
trinnaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
trinnid (active imperative plural second-person)
trinnandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
trinnaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
trinnandi (active indicative plural third-person)
trinnain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
trinnandau (active imperative plural third-person)
trinnandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
trinnaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
trann (active first-person indicative singular)
trunnį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
trannt (active indicative second-person singular)
trunnīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
trann (active indicative singular third-person)
trunnī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
trunnū (active dual first-person indicative)
trunnīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
trunnudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
trunnīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
trunnum (active first-person indicative plural)
trunnīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
trunnud (active indicative plural second-person)
trunnīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
trunnun (active indicative plural third-person)
trunnīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
trinnandz (active participle present)
trunnanaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *trinnan
Old Saxon: *trinnan
⇒ Old Saxon: *andtrinnan
>? Middle Low German: entrinnen
Old High German: *trinnan
Middle High German: trinnen
⇒ Old High German: inttrinnan
Middle High German: intrinnen, entrinnen
German: entrinnen
⇒ Old High German: abinttrinnan
>? Middle High German: abeentrinnen

From Proto-Indo-European *drénu-e, a secondary formation from a nasal present form of *der- (“to flay, divide, split”).


hinkaną

hinkō (active first-person indicative singular)
hinkaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
hinkai (first-person indicative passive singular)
hinkizi (active indicative second-person singular)
hinkaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
hink (active imperative second-person singular)
hinkazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
hinkaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
hinkidi (active indicative singular third-person)
hinkai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
hinkadau (active imperative singular third-person)
hinkadai (indicative passive singular third-person)
hinkaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
hinkōz (active dual first-person indicative)
hinkaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
hinkadiz (active dual indicative second-person)
hinkaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
hinkadiz (active dual imperative second-person)
hinkamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
hinkaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
hinkandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
hinkaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
hinkid (active indicative plural second-person)
hinkaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
hinkid (active imperative plural second-person)
hinkandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
hinkaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
hinkandi (active indicative plural third-person)
hinkain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
hinkandau (active imperative plural third-person)
hinkandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
hinkaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
hank (active first-person indicative singular)
hunkį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
hanht (active indicative second-person singular)
hunkīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
hank (active indicative singular third-person)
hunkī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
hunkū (active dual first-person indicative)
hunkīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
hunkudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
hunkīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
hunkum (active first-person indicative plural)
hunkīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
hunkud (active indicative plural second-person)
hunkīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
hunkun (active indicative plural third-person)
hunkīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
hinkandz (active participle present)
hunkanaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *hinkan
Old English: hincian
Old Dutch: *hinkan
Middle Dutch: hinken
Dutch: hinken
Afrikaans: hink
Old High German: hinkan
Middle High German: hinken
German: hinken
Yiddish: הינקען (hinken)

From Proto-Indo-European *keng-. Cognate with Old Irish cingid (“to tread, step”) (< Proto-Celtic *kengeti).


krimmaną

krimmō (active first-person indicative singular)
krimmaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
krimmai (first-person indicative passive singular)
krimmizi (active indicative second-person singular)
krimmaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
krimm (active imperative second-person singular)
krimmazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
krimmaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
krimmidi (active indicative singular third-person)
krimmai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
krimmadau (active imperative singular third-person)
krimmadai (indicative passive singular third-person)
krimmaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
krimmōz (active dual first-person indicative)
krimmaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
krimmadiz (active dual indicative second-person)
krimmaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
krimmadiz (active dual imperative second-person)
krimmamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
krimmaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
krimmandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
krimmaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
krimmid (active indicative plural second-person)
krimmaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
krimmid (active imperative plural second-person)
krimmandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
krimmaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
krimmandi (active indicative plural third-person)
krimmain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
krimmandau (active imperative plural third-person)
krimmandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
krimmaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
kramm (active first-person indicative singular)
krummį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
krammt (active indicative second-person singular)
krummīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
kramm (active indicative singular third-person)
krummī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
krummū (active dual first-person indicative)
krummīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
krummudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
krummīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
krummum (active first-person indicative plural)
krummīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
krummud (active indicative plural second-person)
krummīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
krummun (active indicative plural third-person)
krummīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
krimmandz (active participle present)
krummanaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *krimman
Old English: crimman
Old High German: krimman
Middle High German: krimmen
Alemannic German: krimmen

From Proto-Indo-European *gremH-, which may be related to *h₂ger- (“to gather”). Cognate with Lithuanian grùmti (“to push, shove”), Latin gremium (“lap, bosom; armful”).


kwellaną

kwellō (active first-person indicative singular)
kwellaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
kwellai (first-person indicative passive singular)
kwillizi (active indicative second-person singular)
kwellaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
kwell (active imperative second-person singular)
kwellazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
kwellaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
kwillidi (active indicative singular third-person)
kwellai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
kwelladau (active imperative singular third-person)
kwelladai (indicative passive singular third-person)
kwellaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
kwellōz (active dual first-person indicative)
kwellaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
kwelladiz (active dual indicative second-person)
kwellaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
kwelladiz (active dual imperative second-person)
kwellamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
kwellaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
kwellandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
kwellaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
kwillid (active indicative plural second-person)
kwellaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
kwillid (active imperative plural second-person)
kwellandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
kwellaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
kwellandi (active indicative plural third-person)
kwellain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
kwellandau (active imperative plural third-person)
kwellandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
kwellaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
kwall (active first-person indicative singular)
kullį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
kwallt (active indicative second-person singular)
kullīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
kwall (active indicative singular third-person)
kullī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
kullū (active dual first-person indicative)
kullīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
kulludiz (active dual indicative second-person)
kullīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
kullum (active first-person indicative plural)
kullīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
kullud (active indicative plural second-person)
kullīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
kullun (active indicative plural third-person)
kullīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
kwellandz (active participle present)
kullanaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *kwellan, *kwalljan
Old Saxon: quellan
Middle Low German: quellen, quillen
→ Swedish: kvälla
Old Dutch: *quellan
Middle Dutch: quellen
Dutch: kwellen
Limburgish: kwèlle
Old High German: kwellan, quellan
Middle High German: quëllen, quallen
German: quellen
Yiddish: קוועלן (kveln)
→ English: kvell
⇒ Old High German: ubarkwellan, ubarquellan

From Proto-Indo-European *gʷelH- (“to drip, stream”). Cognate with Sanskrit गलति (galati, “to drip, ooze”).


kramjaną

kramjō (active first-person indicative singular)
kramjaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
kramjai (first-person indicative passive singular)
kramisi (active indicative second-person singular)
kramjais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
krami (active imperative second-person singular)
kramjasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
kramjaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
kramiþi (active indicative singular third-person)
kramjai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
kramjaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
kramjaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
kramjaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
kramjōs (active dual first-person indicative)
kramjaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
kramjaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
kramjaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
kramjaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
kramjamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
kramjaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
kramjanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
kramjainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
kramiþ (active indicative plural second-person)
kramjaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
kramiþ (active imperative plural second-person)
kramjanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
kramjainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
kramjanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
kramjain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
kramjanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
kramjanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
kramjainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
kramidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
kramidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
kramidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
kramidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
kramidē (active indicative singular third-person)
kramidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
kramidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
kramidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
kramidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
kramidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
kramidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
kramidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
kramidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
kramidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
kramidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
kramidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
kramjandz (active participle present)
kramidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Old Norse: kremja


krankijaną

krankijō (active first-person indicative singular)
krankijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
krankijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
krankīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
krankijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
krankī (active imperative second-person singular)
krankijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
krankijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
krankīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
krankijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
krankijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
krankijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
krankijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
krankijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
krankijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
krankijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
krankijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
krankijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
krankijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
krankijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
krankijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
krankijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
krankīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
krankijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
krankīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
krankijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
krankijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
krankijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
krankijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
krankijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
krankijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
krankijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
krankidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
krankidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
krankidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
krankidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
krankidē (active indicative singular third-person)
krankidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
krankidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
krankidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
krankidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
krankidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
krankidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
krankidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
krankidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
krankidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
krankidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
krankidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
krankijandz (active participle present)
krankidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *krankijan
Old Frisian: krenza, krinza
(Saterland Frisian: kroanke, kroankje)
West Frisian: kringe, (krinke)
Old Saxon: *krenkian
Middle Low German: krenken
German Low German: kränken
Old Dutch: *crenken
Middle Dutch: crenken
Dutch: krenken
Old High German: *kranken
Middle High German: krenken
German: kränken

i

Old Norse: krenkja (possible borrowing from Middle Low German or Middle Dutch)

Icelandic: krenkja

Norwegian Nynorsk: krenkja

Norwegian Bokmål: krenke

Swedish: kränka, kränga

Danish: krænge

From *krankaz (“bent, crooked, weak”) + *-janą.


medumōną

medumō (active first-person indicative singular)
medumǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
medumōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
medumōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
medumōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
medumō (active imperative second-person singular)
medumōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
medumōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
medumōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
medumō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
medumōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
medumōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
medumōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
medumōs (active dual first-person indicative)
medumōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
medumōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
medumōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
medumōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
medumōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
medumōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
medumōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
medumōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
medumōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
medumōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
medumōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
medumōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
medumōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
medumōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
medumōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
medumōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
medumōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
medumōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
medumōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
medumōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
medumōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
medumōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
medumōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
medumōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
medumōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
medumōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
medumōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
medumōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
medumōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
medumōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
medumōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
medumōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
medumōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
medumōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
medumōndz (active participle present)
medumōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *medumōn
Old English: medumian
Middle English: medemen
Old High German: metamēn (<with a shift from class II to class III)

Gothic: 𐌼𐌹𐌳𐌿𐌼𐍉𐌽 (midumōn)

From *medumô (“middle, midmost”) + *-ōną.


kerzaną

kerzō (active first-person indicative singular)
kerzaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
kerzai (first-person indicative passive singular)
kirzizi (active indicative second-person singular)
kerzaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
kerz (active imperative second-person singular)
kerzazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
kerzaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
kirzidi (active indicative singular third-person)
kerzai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
kerzadau (active imperative singular third-person)
kerzadai (indicative passive singular third-person)
kerzaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
kerzōz (active dual first-person indicative)
kerzaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
kerzadiz (active dual indicative second-person)
kerzaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
kerzadiz (active dual imperative second-person)
kerzamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
kerzaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
kerzandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
kerzaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
kirzid (active indicative plural second-person)
kerzaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
kirzid (active imperative plural second-person)
kerzandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
kerzaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
kerzandi (active indicative plural third-person)
kerzain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
kerzandau (active imperative plural third-person)
kerzandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
kerzaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
karz (active first-person indicative singular)
kurzį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
karzt (active indicative second-person singular)
kurzīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
karz (active indicative singular third-person)
kurzī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
kurzū (active dual first-person indicative)
kurzīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
kurzudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
kurzīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
kurzum (active first-person indicative plural)
kurzīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
kurzud (active indicative plural second-person)
kurzīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
kurzun (active indicative plural third-person)
kurzīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
kerzandz (active participle present)
kurzanaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *kerʀan
Old English: ċeorran
Old Dutch: *kerran
Middle Dutch: kerren, karren
Old High German: kerran, cherran
Middle High German: kerren
Cimbrian: khèrran

From Proto-Indo-European *gers-. Cognate with Latin garrio (“to chatter”) and Lithuanian gar̃sas (“sound”).
The expected form *kersaną is unattested, the current form with -z- arose by influence of the iterative *kurzōną.


pranganą

prangō (active first-person indicative singular)
prangaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
prangai (first-person indicative passive singular)
prangizi (active indicative second-person singular)
prangaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
prang (active imperative second-person singular)
prangazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
prangaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
prangidi (active indicative singular third-person)
prangai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
prangadau (active imperative singular third-person)
prangadai (indicative passive singular third-person)
prangaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
prangōz (active dual first-person indicative)
prangaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
prangadiz (active dual indicative second-person)
prangaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
prangadiz (active dual imperative second-person)
prangamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
prangaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
prangandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
prangaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
prangid (active indicative plural second-person)
prangaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
prangid (active imperative plural second-person)
prangandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
prangaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
prangandi (active indicative plural third-person)
prangain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
prangandau (active imperative plural third-person)
prangandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
prangaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
preprang (active first-person indicative singular)
preprangį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
prepranht (active indicative second-person singular)
preprangīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
preprang (active indicative singular third-person)
preprangī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
preprangū (active dual first-person indicative)
preprangīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
preprangudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
preprangīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
preprangum (active first-person indicative plural)
preprangīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
preprangud (active indicative plural second-person)
preprangīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
preprangun (active indicative plural third-person)
preprangīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
prangandz (active participle present)
pranganaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *prangan
Old Saxon: *prangan
Middle Low German: prangen
Old Dutch: *prangan
Middle Dutch: prangen
Dutch: prangen
⇒ Dutch: prangend
Old High German: *phrangan
Middle High German: phrengen, phrangen
German: pfrengen (obsolete)
⇒ Middle High German: pranger (with West Central German consonantism)
German: Pranger

Gothic: *𐍀𐍂𐌰𐌲𐌲𐌰𐌽 (*praggan)

⇒ Gothic: 𐌰𐌽𐌰𐍀𐍂𐌰𐌲𐌲𐌰𐌽 (anapraggan)

/ˈprɑŋ.ɡɑ.nɑ̃/

Unknown. Further etymological connections are unclear. Pokorny and Kroonen suggest a connection with Lithuanian branktas (“swingletree”) and Latvian brankti (“adjacent”).


daigijaną

daigijō (active first-person indicative singular)
daigijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
daigijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
daigīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
daigijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
daigī (active imperative second-person singular)
daigijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
daigijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
daigīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
daigijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
daigijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
daigijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
daigijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
daigijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
daigijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
daigijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
daigijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
daigijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
daigijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
daigijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
daigijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
daigijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
daigīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
daigijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
daigīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
daigijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
daigijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
daigijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
daigijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
daigijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
daigijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
daigijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
daigidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
daigidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
daigidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
daigidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
daigidē (active indicative singular third-person)
daigidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
daigidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
daigidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
daigidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
daigidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
daigidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
daigidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
daigidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
daigidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
daigidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
daigidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
daigijandz (active participle present)
daigidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Old Norse: deigja

Icelandic: deigja


dankwijaną

dankwijō (active first-person indicative singular)
dankwijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
dankwijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
dankwīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
dankwijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
dankwī (active imperative second-person singular)
dankwijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
dankwijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
dankwīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
dankwijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
dankwijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
dankwijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
dankwijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
dankwijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
dankwijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
dankwijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
dankwijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
dankwijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
dankwijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
dankwijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
dankwijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
dankwijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
dankwīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
dankwijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
dankwīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
dankwijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
dankwijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
dankwijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
dankwijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
dankwijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
dankwijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
dankwijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
dankwidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
dankwidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
dankwidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
dankwidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
dankwidē (active indicative singular third-person)
dankwidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
dankwidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
dankwidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
dankwidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
dankwidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
dankwidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
dankwidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
dankwidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
dankwidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
dankwidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
dankwidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
dankwijandz (active participle present)
dankwidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Old Norse: døkkva

Icelandic: dökkva


laiþijaną

laiþijō (active first-person indicative singular)
laiþijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
laiþijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
laiþīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
laiþijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
laiþī (active imperative second-person singular)
laiþijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
laiþijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
laiþīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
laiþijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
laiþijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
laiþijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
laiþijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
laiþijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
laiþijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
laiþijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
laiþijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
laiþijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
laiþijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
laiþijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
laiþijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
laiþijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
laiþīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
laiþijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
laiþīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
laiþijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
laiþijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
laiþijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
laiþijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
laiþijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
laiþijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
laiþijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
laiþidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
laiþidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
laiþidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
laiþidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
laiþidē (active indicative singular third-person)
laiþidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
laiþidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
laiþidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
laiþidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
laiþidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
laiþidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
laiþidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
laiþidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
laiþidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
laiþidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
laiþidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
laiþijandz (active participle present)
laiþidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *laiþijan
Old Saxon: lēthian
Middle Low German: lêden, leiden
Old Dutch: *lēthen
Middle Dutch: leden, leeden, leiden
Old High German: leiden
Middle High German: leiden
German: leiden

Old Norse: leiða

Icelandic: leiða

Faroese: leiða

From *laiþaz (“loathsome; disgusting”) + *-janą.


idiwītijaną

idiwītijō (active first-person indicative singular)
idiwītijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
idiwītijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
idiwītīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
idiwītijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
idiwītī (active imperative second-person singular)
idiwītijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
idiwītijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
idiwītīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
idiwītijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
idiwītijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
idiwītijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
idiwītijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
idiwītijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
idiwītijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
idiwītijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
idiwītijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
idiwītijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
idiwītijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
idiwītijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
idiwītijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
idiwītijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
idiwītīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
idiwītijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
idiwītīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
idiwītijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
idiwītijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
idiwītijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
idiwītijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
idiwītijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
idiwītijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
idiwītijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
idiwītidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
idiwītidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
idiwītidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
idiwītidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
idiwītidē (active indicative singular third-person)
idiwītidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
idiwītidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
idiwītidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
idiwītidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
idiwītidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
idiwītidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
idiwītidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
idiwītidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
idiwītidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
idiwītidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
idiwītidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
idiwītijandz (active participle present)
idiwītidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *idiwītijan
Old English: edwītan
Old High German: itawīzen
Middle High German: itewīzen, itwīzen

Gothic: 𐌹𐌳𐍅𐌴𐌹𐍄𐌾𐌰𐌽 (idweitjan)

From *idiwītą (“shame, disgrace, insult”) + *-janą.


hwēsaną

hwēsō (active first-person indicative singular)
hwēsaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
hwēsai (first-person indicative passive singular)
hwēsizi (active indicative second-person singular)
hwēsaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
hwēs (active imperative second-person singular)
hwēsazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
hwēsaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
hwēsidi (active indicative singular third-person)
hwēsai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
hwēsadau (active imperative singular third-person)
hwēsadai (indicative passive singular third-person)
hwēsaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
hwēsōz (active dual first-person indicative)
hwēsaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
hwēsadiz (active dual indicative second-person)
hwēsaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
hwēsadiz (active dual imperative second-person)
hwēsamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
hwēsaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
hwēsandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
hwēsaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
hwēsid (active indicative plural second-person)
hwēsaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
hwēsid (active imperative plural second-person)
hwēsandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
hwēsaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
hwēsandi (active indicative plural third-person)
hwēsain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
hwēsandau (active imperative plural third-person)
hwēsandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
hwēsaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
hwehwōs (active first-person indicative singular)
hwehwōzį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
hwehwōst (active indicative second-person singular)
hwehwōzīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
hwehwōs (active indicative singular third-person)
hwehwōzī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
hwehwōzū (active dual first-person indicative)
hwehwōzīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
hwehwōzudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
hwehwōzīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
hwehwōzum (active first-person indicative plural)
hwehwōzīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
hwehwōzud (active indicative plural second-person)
hwehwōzīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
hwehwōzun (active indicative plural third-person)
hwehwōzīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
hwēsandz (active participle present)
hwēsanaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *hwāsan

Old English: hwǣsan

Middle English: whesen

English: wheeze

From Proto-Indo-European *ḱwes- (“to pant”). Cognate with Latin queror.