dunkalaz

*dunkalaz (a-stem)

dunkalaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
dunkalai (masculine nominative plural strong)
dunkalō (feminine nominative singular strong)
dunkalôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
dunkalą (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
dunkalō (neuter nominative plural strong)
dunkalanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
dunkalanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
dunkalǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
dunkalōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
dunkalą (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
dunkalō (accusative neuter plural strong)
dunkalas (genitive masculine singular strong)
-is (genitive masculine singular strong)
dunkalaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
dunkalaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
dunkalaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
dunkalas (genitive neuter singular strong)
-is (genitive neuter singular strong)
dunkalaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
dunkalammai (dative masculine singular strong)
dunkalaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
dunkalaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
dunkalaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
dunkalammai (dative neuter singular strong)
dunkalaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
dunkalanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
dunkalaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
dunkalaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
dunkalaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
dunkalanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
dunkalaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
dunkalô (masculine nominative singular weak)
dunkalaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
dunkalǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
dunkalōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
dunkalô (neuter nominative singular weak)
dunkalōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
dunkalanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
dunkalanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
dunkalōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
dunkalōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
dunkalô (accusative neuter singular weak)
dunkalōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
dunkaliniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
dunkalanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
dunkalōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
dunkalōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
dunkaliniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
dunkalanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
dunkalini (dative masculine singular weak)
dunkalammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
dunkalōni (dative feminine singular weak)
dunkalōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
dunkalini (dative neuter singular weak)
dunkalammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
dunkalinē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
dunkalammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
dunkalōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
dunkalōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
dunkalinē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
dunkalammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

Old Frisian: *diunkel, *dionkel

Saterland Frisian: djunkel

Old Saxon: dunkal

Middle Low German: dunkel

German Low German: dunkel

Plautdietsch: dunkel

→ Danish: dunkel

→ Norwegian Bokmål: dunkel

→ Norwegian Nynorsk: dunkel

→ Swedish: dunkel

Old Dutch: *dunkal, *dunkel

Middle Dutch: donkel, dunkel

Dutch: donker

Afrikaans: donker

desc

Old High German: tunkal, tuncal, tunchal

Middle High German: tunkel, dunkel

German: dunkel

Yiddish: טונקל (tunkl)

Zero-grade adjective related to *dinkwa-, *dankwaz (“dark”).


dapraz

*dapraz (a-stem)

dapraz (masculine nominative singular strong)
daprai (masculine nominative plural strong)
daprō (feminine nominative singular strong)
daprôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
daprą (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
daprō (neuter nominative plural strong)
dapranǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
dapranz (accusative masculine plural strong)
daprǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
daprōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
daprą (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
daprō (accusative neuter plural strong)
dapras (genitive masculine singular strong)
-is (genitive masculine singular strong)
dapraizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
dapraizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
dapraizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
dapras (genitive neuter singular strong)
-is (genitive neuter singular strong)
dapraizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
daprammai (dative masculine singular strong)
dapraimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
dapraizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
dapraimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
daprammai (dative neuter singular strong)
dapraimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
dapranō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
dapraimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
dapraizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
dapraimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
dapranō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
dapraimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
daprô (masculine nominative singular weak)
dapraniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
daprǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
daprōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
daprô (neuter nominative singular weak)
daprōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
dapranų (accusative masculine singular weak)
dapranunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
daprōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
daprōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
daprô (accusative neuter singular weak)
daprōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
dapriniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
dapranǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
daprōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
daprōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
dapriniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
dapranǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
daprini (dative masculine singular weak)
daprammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
daprōni (dative feminine singular weak)
daprōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
daprini (dative neuter singular weak)
daprammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
daprinē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
daprammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
daprōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
daprōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
daprinē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
daprammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

Old Frisian: *daper, *dapper

Saterland Frisian: dapper

West Frisian: dapper

Old Saxon: *dapar, *dappar

Middle Low German: dapper

Low German: dapper

Old Dutch: *dapar, *dappar

Middle Dutch: dapper

Dutch: dapper

→ Middle English: daper

English: dapper

Old High German: tapfar (Upper German); *dappar (Central German)

Middle High German: tapfer, tapfel, dapfer, dapper

German: tapfer

Luxembourgish: daper

desctree

Old Norse: dapr
Icelandic: dapur
Faroese: dapur
Norwegian: daper
Swedish: tapper (possibly of Dutch or German origin)
Danish: tapper (possibly of Dutch or German origin)

From Proto-Indo-European *dʰob-, *dʰeb- (“thick, fat, heavy”).


raidaz

*raidaz (a-stem)

raidaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
raidai (masculine nominative plural strong)
raidō (feminine nominative singular strong)
raidôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
raidą (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
raidō (neuter nominative plural strong)
raidanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
raidanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
raidǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
raidōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
raidą (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
raidō (accusative neuter plural strong)
raidas (genitive masculine singular strong)
-is (genitive masculine singular strong)
raidaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
raidaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
raidaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
raidas (genitive neuter singular strong)
-is (genitive neuter singular strong)
raidaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
raidammai (dative masculine singular strong)
raidaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
raidaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
raidaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
raidammai (dative neuter singular strong)
raidaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
raidanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
raidaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
raidaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
raidaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
raidanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
raidaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
raidô (masculine nominative singular weak)
raidaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
raidǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
raidōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
raidô (neuter nominative singular weak)
raidōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
raidanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
raidanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
raidōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
raidōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
raidô (accusative neuter singular weak)
raidōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
raidiniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
raidanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
raidōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
raidōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
raidiniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
raidanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
raidini (dative masculine singular weak)
raidammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
raidōni (dative feminine singular weak)
raidōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
raidini (dative neuter singular weak)
raidammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
raidinē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
raidammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
raidōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
raidōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
raidinē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
raidammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

desc

Proto-West Germanic: *(ga)raid, *(ga)raidī

desctree

Old English: rǣde, ġerǣde
Middle English: rædi, rædiȝ, redi, redy, iredi
English: ready
Scots: readie, reddy

Old Frisian: rēd; rēde

North Frisian: ree

Saterland Frisian: reed

West Frisian: ree

Old Saxon: *girēdi

Middle Low German: gerêde, gerêt

Low German: rede, reed

→ Danish: rede

→ Old Swedish: rēþo

Swedish: redo

Old Dutch: *reid, *gereid, *bereid

desc

Middle Dutch: rede, reede, gerede, gereide, gereit, gereet, bereid

Dutch: reeds, gereed, bereid

Afrikaans: reeds, gereed, bereid

Old High German: reiti, gireit

Middle High German: gereite, gereit

Yiddish: גרייט (greyt)

⇒ Old High German: bireiti (< *biraidijaz)

Middle High German: bereite, bereit

German: bereit

→ Swedish: beredd

Old Norse: reiðr, greiðr, greiðligur, greiðiliga

Icelandic: reiður, greiður, greiðilegur, greiðilega

Faroese: reiður

Norwegian: reiug, grei, rede

Swedish: reda

Danish: rede

→ Middle English: greithe, greith, graith; greithli

Scots: graith; graithlie

English: graith; gradely

Gothic: 𐌲𐌰𐍂𐌰𐌹𐌸𐍃 (garaiþs)

→ Proto-Finnic: *rac'as (see there for further descendants)

→ Proto-Finnic: *raidis (see there for further descendants)

From Proto-Indo-European *h₂roy-dʰ(h₁)-ó-s (“arranged, ready”), from *h₂rey- (“to count, order”).


walliz

walliz (masculine nominative singular strong)
wallijai (masculine nominative plural strong)
wallī (feminine nominative singular strong)
wallijôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
wallį (neuter nominative singular strong)
-jatō (neuter nominative singular strong)
wallijō (neuter nominative plural strong)
wallijanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
wallijanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
wallijǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
wallijōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
wallį (accusative neuter singular strong)
-jatō (accusative neuter singular strong)
wallijō (accusative neuter plural strong)
wallijas (genitive masculine singular strong)
wallīs (genitive masculine singular strong)
wallijaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
wallijaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
wallijaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
wallijas (genitive neuter singular strong)
wallīs (genitive neuter singular strong)
wallijaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
wallijammai (dative masculine singular strong)
wallijaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
wallijaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
wallijaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
wallijammai (dative neuter singular strong)
wallijaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
wallijanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
wallijaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
wallijaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
wallijaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
wallijanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
wallijaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
wallijô (masculine nominative singular weak)
wallijaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
wallijǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
wallijōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
wallijô (neuter nominative singular weak)
wallijōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
wallijanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
wallijanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
wallijōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
wallijōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
wallijô (accusative neuter singular weak)
wallijōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
wallīniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
wallijanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
wallijōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
wallijōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
wallīniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
wallijanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
wallīni (dative masculine singular weak)
wallijammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
wallijōni (dative feminine singular weak)
wallijōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
wallīni (dative neuter singular weak)
wallijammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
wallīnē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
wallijammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
wallijōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
wallijōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
wallīnē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
wallijammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

Old English: *wielle, (in compounds: cwicwielle, fisċwielle)

A verbal adjective derived from *wallaną.


arjaz

arjōzô (comparative)
arjōstaz (superlative)
arjaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
arjai (masculine nominative plural strong)
arjō (feminine nominative singular strong)
arjôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
arją (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
arjō (neuter nominative plural strong)
arjanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
arjanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
arjǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
arjōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
arją (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
arjō (accusative neuter plural strong)
arjas (genitive masculine singular strong)
-is (genitive masculine singular strong)
arjaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
arjaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
arjaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
arjas (genitive neuter singular strong)
-is (genitive neuter singular strong)
arjaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
arjammai (dative masculine singular strong)
arjaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
arjaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
arjaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
arjammai (dative neuter singular strong)
arjaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
arjanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
arjaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
arjaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
arjaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
arjanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
arjaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
arjô (masculine nominative singular weak)
arjaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
arjǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
arjōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
arjô (neuter nominative singular weak)
arjōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
arjanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
arjanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
arjōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
arjōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
arjô (accusative neuter singular weak)
arjōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
ariniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
arjanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
arjōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
arjōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
ariniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
arjanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
arini (dative masculine singular weak)
arjammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
arjōni (dative feminine singular weak)
arjōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
arini (dative neuter singular weak)
arjammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
arinē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
arjammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
arjōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
arjōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
arinē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
arjammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

*arjaz (ja-stem)

Proto-West Germanic: *ari

Proto-Norse: *ᚨᚱᛃᚨᛉ (*arjaʀ) (attested in ᚨᚱᛃᛟᛊᛏᛖᛉ (arjosteʀ))

Old Norse: *err

Gothic: *𐌰𐍂𐌾𐌹𐍃 (*arjis)

From Proto-Indo-European *h₂eryos. Cognate with Sanskrit आर्य (ārya, “kind, hospitable”), Proto-Celtic *aryos (“nobleman, free man”).


flaizô

gem-decl-adj-table

*flaizô (n-stem)

flaizô (masculine nominative singular)
flaizaniz (masculine nominative plural)
flaizǭ (feminine nominative singular)
flaizōniz (feminine nominative plural)
flaizô (neuter nominative singular)
flaizōnō (neuter nominative plural)
flaizanų (accusative masculine singular)
flaizanunz (accusative masculine plural)
flaizōnų (accusative feminine singular)
flaizōnunz (accusative feminine plural)
flaizô (accusative neuter singular)
flaizōnō (accusative neuter plural)
flaiziniz (genitive masculine singular)
flaizanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural)
flaizōniz (feminine genitive singular)
flaizōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural)
flaiziniz (genitive neuter singular)
flaizanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural)
flaizini (dative masculine singular)
flaizammaz (dative masculine plural)
flaizōni (dative feminine singular)
flaizōmaz (dative feminine plural)
flaizini (dative neuter singular)
flaizammaz (dative neuter plural)
flaizinē (instrumental masculine singular)
flaizammiz (instrumental masculine plural)
flaizōnē (feminine instrumental singular)
flaizōmiz (feminine instrumental plural)
flaizinē (instrumental neuter singular)
flaizammiz (instrumental neuter plural)

Old Norse: fleiri

Icelandic: fleiri

Faroese: fleiri

Norwegian: flere, fleire

Old Swedish: flēre

Swedish: flera, fler

/ˈɸlɑi̯.zɔːː/

From Pre-Germanic *plóh₁-ison-, comparative of *feluz, *felu. Related to Ancient Greek πλείων (pleíōn, “more”), Latin plūs (“more”).


flaistaz

*flaistaz (a-stem)

flaistaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
flaistai (masculine nominative plural strong)
flaistō (feminine nominative singular strong)
flaistôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
flaistą (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
flaistō (neuter nominative plural strong)
flaistanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
flaistanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
flaistǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
flaistōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
flaistą (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
flaistō (accusative neuter plural strong)
flaistas (genitive masculine singular strong)
-is (genitive masculine singular strong)
flaistaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
flaistaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
flaistaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
flaistas (genitive neuter singular strong)
-is (genitive neuter singular strong)
flaistaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
flaistammai (dative masculine singular strong)
flaistaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
flaistaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
flaistaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
flaistammai (dative neuter singular strong)
flaistaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
flaistanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
flaistaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
flaistaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
flaistaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
flaistanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
flaistaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
flaistô (masculine nominative singular weak)
flaistaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
flaistǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
flaistōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
flaistô (neuter nominative singular weak)
flaistōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
flaistanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
flaistanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
flaistōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
flaistōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
flaistô (accusative neuter singular weak)
flaistōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
flaistiniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
flaistanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
flaistōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
flaistōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
flaistiniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
flaistanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
flaistini (dative masculine singular weak)
flaistammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
flaistōni (dative feminine singular weak)
flaistōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
flaistini (dative neuter singular weak)
flaistammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
flaistinē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
flaistammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
flaistōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
flaistōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
flaistinē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
flaistammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

desctree

Old Norse: flestr
Icelandic: flestur
Faroese: flestur
Norwegian Nynorsk: flest
Norwegian Bokmål: flest
Old Swedish: flæster
Swedish: flest
Danish: flest


felufaihaz

*felufaihaz (a-stem)

felufaihaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
felufaihai (masculine nominative plural strong)
felufaihō (feminine nominative singular strong)
felufaihôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
felufaihą (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
felufaihō (neuter nominative plural strong)
felufaihanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
felufaihanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
felufaihǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
felufaihōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
felufaihą (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
felufaihō (accusative neuter plural strong)
felufaihas (genitive masculine singular strong)
-is (genitive masculine singular strong)
felufaihaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
felufaihaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
felufaihaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
felufaihas (genitive neuter singular strong)
-is (genitive neuter singular strong)
felufaihaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
felufaihammai (dative masculine singular strong)
felufaihaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
felufaihaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
felufaihaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
felufaihammai (dative neuter singular strong)
felufaihaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
felufaihanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
felufaihaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
felufaihaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
felufaihaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
felufaihanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
felufaihaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
felufaihô (masculine nominative singular weak)
felufaihaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
felufaihǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
felufaihōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
felufaihô (neuter nominative singular weak)
felufaihōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
felufaihanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
felufaihanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
felufaihōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
felufaihōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
felufaihô (accusative neuter singular weak)
felufaihōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
felufaihiniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
felufaihanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
felufaihōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
felufaihōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
felufaihiniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
felufaihanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
felufaihini (dative masculine singular weak)
felufaihammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
felufaihōni (dative feminine singular weak)
felufaihōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
felufaihini (dative neuter singular weak)
felufaihammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
felufaihinē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
felufaihammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
felufaihōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
felufaihōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
felufaihinē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
felufaihammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

Gothic: 𐍆𐌹𐌻𐌿𐍆𐌰𐌹𐌷𐍃 (filufaihs)

Compound of *felu + *faihaz. Compare Ancient Greek πολυποίκιλος (polupoíkilos, “much variegated, manifold”), Sanskrit पुरुपेश (purupeśa, “multiform”).

cog

πολυποίκιλος


stadaz

*stadaz (a-stem)

stadaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
stadai (masculine nominative plural strong)
stadō (feminine nominative singular strong)
stadôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
stadą (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
stadō (neuter nominative plural strong)
stadanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
stadanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
stadǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
stadōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
stadą (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
stadō (accusative neuter plural strong)
stadas (genitive masculine singular strong)
-is (genitive masculine singular strong)
stadaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
stadaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
stadaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
stadas (genitive neuter singular strong)
-is (genitive neuter singular strong)
stadaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
stadammai (dative masculine singular strong)
stadaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
stadaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
stadaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
stadammai (dative neuter singular strong)
stadaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
stadanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
stadaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
stadaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
stadaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
stadanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
stadaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
stadô (masculine nominative singular weak)
stadaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
stadǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
stadōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
stadô (neuter nominative singular weak)
stadōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
stadanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
stadanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
stadōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
stadōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
stadô (accusative neuter singular weak)
stadōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
stadiniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
stadanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
stadōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
stadōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
stadiniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
stadanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
stadini (dative masculine singular weak)
stadammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
stadōni (dative feminine singular weak)
stadōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
stadini (dative neuter singular weak)
stadammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
stadinē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
stadammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
stadōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
stadōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
stadinē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
stadammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

Old Norse: staðr

Icelandic: staður

From Proto-Indo-European *sth₂tós, verbal adjective formation from *steh₂- (“to stand”). Cognate with Ancient Greek στατός (statós, “placed, standing”), Sanskrit स्थित (sthita, “standing”), Latin status (“fixed, set”).


harduhertaz

*harduhertaz (a-stem)

harduhertaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
harduhertai (masculine nominative plural strong)
harduhertō (feminine nominative singular strong)
harduhertôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
harduhertą (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
harduhertō (neuter nominative plural strong)
harduhertanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
harduhertanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
harduhertǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
harduhertōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
harduhertą (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
harduhertō (accusative neuter plural strong)
harduhertas (genitive masculine singular strong)
-is (genitive masculine singular strong)
harduhertaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
harduhertaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
harduhertaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
harduhertas (genitive neuter singular strong)
-is (genitive neuter singular strong)
harduhertaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
harduhertammai (dative masculine singular strong)
harduhertaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
harduhertaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
harduhertaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
harduhertammai (dative neuter singular strong)
harduhertaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
harduhertanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
harduhertaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
harduhertaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
harduhertaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
harduhertanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
harduhertaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
harduhertô (masculine nominative singular weak)
harduhertaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
harduhertǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
harduhertōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
harduhertô (neuter nominative singular weak)
harduhertōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
harduhertanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
harduhertanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
harduhertōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
harduhertōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
harduhertô (accusative neuter singular weak)
harduhertōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
harduhertiniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
harduhertanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
harduhertōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
harduhertōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
harduhertiniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
harduhertanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
harduhertini (dative masculine singular weak)
harduhertammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
harduhertōni (dative feminine singular weak)
harduhertōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
harduhertini (dative neuter singular weak)
harduhertammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
harduhertinē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
harduhertammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
harduhertōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
harduhertōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
harduhertinē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
harduhertammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

Old English: heardheort

Middle English: hardhert

desc

*𐌷𐌰𐍂𐌳𐌿𐌷𐌰𐌹𐍂𐍄𐍃

𐌷𐌰𐍂𐌳𐌿𐌷𐌰𐌹𐍂𐍄𐌴𐌹

Gothic: *𐌷𐌰𐍂𐌳𐌿𐌷𐌰𐌹𐍂𐍄𐍃 (*harduhairts), 𐌷𐌰𐍂𐌳𐌿𐌷𐌰𐌹𐍂𐍄𐌴𐌹 (harduhairtei)


hurskaz

*hurskaz (a-stem)

hurskaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
hurskai (masculine nominative plural strong)
hurskō (feminine nominative singular strong)
hurskôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
hurską (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
hurskō (neuter nominative plural strong)
hurskanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
hurskanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
hurskǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
hurskōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
hurską (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
hurskō (accusative neuter plural strong)
hurskas (genitive masculine singular strong)
-is (genitive masculine singular strong)
hurskaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
hurskaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
hurskaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
hurskas (genitive neuter singular strong)
-is (genitive neuter singular strong)
hurskaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
hurskammai (dative masculine singular strong)
hurskaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
hurskaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
hurskaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
hurskammai (dative neuter singular strong)
hurskaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
hurskanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
hurskaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
hurskaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
hurskaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
hurskanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
hurskaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
hurskô (masculine nominative singular weak)
hurskaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
hurskǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
hurskōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
hurskô (neuter nominative singular weak)
hurskōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
hurskanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
hurskanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
hurskōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
hurskōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
hurskô (accusative neuter singular weak)
hurskōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
hurskiniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
hurskanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
hurskōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
hurskōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
hurskiniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
hurskanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
hurskini (dative masculine singular weak)
hurskammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
hurskōni (dative feminine singular weak)
hurskōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
hurskini (dative neuter singular weak)
hurskammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
hurskinē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
hurskammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
hurskōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
hurskōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
hurskinē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
hurskammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

Proto-West Germanic: *horsk

Old English: horsċ

Old Frisian: rosk, rosch

Old Saxon: horsk

Old Dutch: horsk, horsc

Old High German: horsc, *horsk

Old Norse: horskr

Icelandic: horskur

→ Proto-Finnic: *hurskas (see there for further descendants)

From Proto-Indo-European *ḱers- (“to run, race, speed, hurry”). Cognate with Latin currō (“run”).
Alternative etymology derives from Proto-Indo-European *kerd- (“wise, clever, skillful”).


waraz

*waraz (a-stem)

waraz (masculine nominative singular strong)
warai (masculine nominative plural strong)
warō (feminine nominative singular strong)
warôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
warą (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
warō (neuter nominative plural strong)
waranǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
waranz (accusative masculine plural strong)
warǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
warōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
warą (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
warō (accusative neuter plural strong)
waras (genitive masculine singular strong)
-is (genitive masculine singular strong)
waraizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
waraizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
waraizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
waras (genitive neuter singular strong)
-is (genitive neuter singular strong)
waraizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
warammai (dative masculine singular strong)
waraimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
waraizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
waraimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
warammai (dative neuter singular strong)
waraimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
waranō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
waraimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
waraizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
waraimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
waranō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
waraimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
warô (masculine nominative singular weak)
waraniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
warǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
warōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
warô (neuter nominative singular weak)
warōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
waranų (accusative masculine singular weak)
waranunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
warōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
warōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
warô (accusative neuter singular weak)
warōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
wariniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
waranǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
warōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
warōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
wariniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
waranǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
warini (dative masculine singular weak)
warammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
warōni (dative feminine singular weak)
warōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
warini (dative neuter singular weak)
warammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
warinē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
warammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
warōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
warōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
warinē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
warammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *war
Old English: wær
Middle English: war, ware
English: ware
Old Frisian: war, ware
⇒ West Frisian: warskôgje
Old Saxon: war
Old Dutch: *war
Middle Dutch: waer (in compounds: waerschuwen, ontware, ontwaer, etc.)
Old High German: war

Old Norse: varr

Icelandic: var

Faroese: varur

Norwegian: var

Old Swedish: var

Swedish: var; varsam

Danish: var

Gothic: 𐍅𐌰𐍂𐍃 (wars)

→ Proto-Finnic: *vara (< *warō)

Estonian: vara

Finnish: vara

Ingrian: vara

Karelian: vara

Veps: vara

From Proto-Indo-European *worós (“attentive”), from *wer- (“to heed; be watchful”).


samalīkaz

*samalīkaz (a-stem)

samalīkaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
samalīkai (masculine nominative plural strong)
samalīkō (feminine nominative singular strong)
samalīkôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
samalīką (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
samalīkō (neuter nominative plural strong)
samalīkanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
samalīkanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
samalīkǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
samalīkōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
samalīką (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
samalīkō (accusative neuter plural strong)
samalīkas (genitive masculine singular strong)
-is (genitive masculine singular strong)
samalīkaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
samalīkaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
samalīkaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
samalīkas (genitive neuter singular strong)
-is (genitive neuter singular strong)
samalīkaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
samalīkammai (dative masculine singular strong)
samalīkaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
samalīkaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
samalīkaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
samalīkammai (dative neuter singular strong)
samalīkaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
samalīkanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
samalīkaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
samalīkaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
samalīkaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
samalīkanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
samalīkaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
samalīkô (masculine nominative singular weak)
samalīkaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
samalīkǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
samalīkōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
samalīkô (neuter nominative singular weak)
samalīkōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
samalīkanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
samalīkanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
samalīkōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
samalīkōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
samalīkô (accusative neuter singular weak)
samalīkōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
samalīkiniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
samalīkanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
samalīkōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
samalīkōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
samalīkiniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
samalīkanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
samalīkini (dative masculine singular weak)
samalīkammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
samalīkōni (dative feminine singular weak)
samalīkōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
samalīkini (dative neuter singular weak)
samalīkammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
samalīkinē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
samalīkammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
samalīkōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
samalīkōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
samalīkinē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
samalīkammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

Old Frisian: samlik

Old High German: samalīh

Middle High German: samelich

Old Norse: samlíkr

Icelandic: samlíkur

Old Swedish: samlīker

Gothic: 𐍃𐌰𐌼𐌰𐌻𐌴𐌹𐌺𐍃 (samaleiks)


þīdaz

*þīdaz (a-stem)

þīdaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
þīdai (masculine nominative plural strong)
þīdō (feminine nominative singular strong)
þīdôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
þīdą (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
þīdō (neuter nominative plural strong)
þīdanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
þīdanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
þīdǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
þīdōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
þīdą (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
þīdō (accusative neuter plural strong)
þīdas (genitive masculine singular strong)
-is (genitive masculine singular strong)
þīdaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
þīdaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
þīdaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
þīdas (genitive neuter singular strong)
-is (genitive neuter singular strong)
þīdaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
þīdammai (dative masculine singular strong)
þīdaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
þīdaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
þīdaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
þīdammai (dative neuter singular strong)
þīdaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
þīdanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
þīdaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
þīdaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
þīdaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
þīdanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
þīdaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
þīdô (masculine nominative singular weak)
þīdaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
þīdǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
þīdōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
þīdô (neuter nominative singular weak)
þīdōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
þīdanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
þīdanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
þīdōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
þīdōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
þīdô (accusative neuter singular weak)
þīdōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
þīdiniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
þīdanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
þīdōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
þīdōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
þīdiniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
þīdanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
þīdini (dative masculine singular weak)
þīdammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
þīdōni (dative feminine singular weak)
þīdōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
þīdini (dative neuter singular weak)
þīdammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
þīdinē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
þīdammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
þīdōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
þīdōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
þīdinē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
þīdammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

Old Norse: þíðr

From Pre-Germanic *tih₁tós, the original, nasal-less past participle to *þīnaną (“to become moist”).


weralīkaz

*weralīkaz (a-stem)

weralīkaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
weralīkai (masculine nominative plural strong)
weralīkō (feminine nominative singular strong)
weralīkôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
weralīką (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
weralīkō (neuter nominative plural strong)
weralīkanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
weralīkanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
weralīkǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
weralīkōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
weralīką (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
weralīkō (accusative neuter plural strong)
weralīkas (genitive masculine singular strong)
-is (genitive masculine singular strong)
weralīkaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
weralīkaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
weralīkaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
weralīkas (genitive neuter singular strong)
-is (genitive neuter singular strong)
weralīkaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
weralīkammai (dative masculine singular strong)
weralīkaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
weralīkaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
weralīkaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
weralīkammai (dative neuter singular strong)
weralīkaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
weralīkanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
weralīkaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
weralīkaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
weralīkaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
weralīkanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
weralīkaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
weralīkô (masculine nominative singular weak)
weralīkaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
weralīkǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
weralīkōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
weralīkô (neuter nominative singular weak)
weralīkōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
weralīkanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
weralīkanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
weralīkōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
weralīkōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
weralīkô (accusative neuter singular weak)
weralīkōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
weralīkiniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
weralīkanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
weralīkōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
weralīkōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
weralīkiniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
weralīkanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
weralīkini (dative masculine singular weak)
weralīkammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
weralīkōni (dative feminine singular weak)
weralīkōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
weralīkini (dative neuter singular weak)
weralīkammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
weralīkinē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
weralīkammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
weralīkōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
weralīkōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
weralīkinē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
weralīkammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

Old English: werlīċ

Gothic: 𐍅𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌰𐌻𐌴𐌹𐌺𐍃 (wairaleiks), indirectly attested in 𐍅𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌰𐌻𐌴𐌹𐌺𐍉 (wairaleikō)


anstīgaz

*anstīgaz (a-stem)

anstīgaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
anstīgai (masculine nominative plural strong)
anstīgō (feminine nominative singular strong)
anstīgôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
anstīgą (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
anstīgō (neuter nominative plural strong)
anstīganǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
anstīganz (accusative masculine plural strong)
anstīgǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
anstīgōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
anstīgą (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
anstīgō (accusative neuter plural strong)
anstīgas (genitive masculine singular strong)
-is (genitive masculine singular strong)
anstīgaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
anstīgaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
anstīgaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
anstīgas (genitive neuter singular strong)
-is (genitive neuter singular strong)
anstīgaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
anstīgammai (dative masculine singular strong)
anstīgaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
anstīgaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
anstīgaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
anstīgammai (dative neuter singular strong)
anstīgaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
anstīganō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
anstīgaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
anstīgaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
anstīgaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
anstīganō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
anstīgaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
anstīgô (masculine nominative singular weak)
anstīganiz (masculine nominative plural weak)
anstīgǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
anstīgōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
anstīgô (neuter nominative singular weak)
anstīgōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
anstīganų (accusative masculine singular weak)
anstīganunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
anstīgōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
anstīgōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
anstīgô (accusative neuter singular weak)
anstīgōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
anstīginiz (genitive masculine singular weak)
anstīganǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
anstīgōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
anstīgōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
anstīginiz (genitive neuter singular weak)
anstīganǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
anstīgini (dative masculine singular weak)
anstīgammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
anstīgōni (dative feminine singular weak)
anstīgōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
anstīgini (dative neuter singular weak)
anstīgammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
anstīginē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
anstīgammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
anstīgōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
anstīgōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
anstīginē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
anstīgammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

Old English: ēstig

Old High German: *enstīg

Middle High German: enstec

Old Norse: ástigr

Icelandic: ástugur

Gothic: 𐌰𐌽𐍃𐍄𐌴𐌹𐌲𐍃 (ansteigs)


hlūdaz

*hlūdaz (a-stem)

hlūdaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
hlūdai (masculine nominative plural strong)
hlūdō (feminine nominative singular strong)
hlūdôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
hlūdą (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
hlūdō (neuter nominative plural strong)
hlūdanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
hlūdanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
hlūdǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
hlūdōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
hlūdą (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
hlūdō (accusative neuter plural strong)
hlūdas (genitive masculine singular strong)
-is (genitive masculine singular strong)
hlūdaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
hlūdaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
hlūdaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
hlūdas (genitive neuter singular strong)
-is (genitive neuter singular strong)
hlūdaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
hlūdammai (dative masculine singular strong)
hlūdaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
hlūdaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
hlūdaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
hlūdammai (dative neuter singular strong)
hlūdaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
hlūdanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
hlūdaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
hlūdaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
hlūdaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
hlūdanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
hlūdaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
hlūdô (masculine nominative singular weak)
hlūdaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
hlūdǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
hlūdōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
hlūdô (neuter nominative singular weak)
hlūdōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
hlūdanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
hlūdanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
hlūdōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
hlūdōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
hlūdô (accusative neuter singular weak)
hlūdōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
hlūdiniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
hlūdanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
hlūdōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
hlūdōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
hlūdiniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
hlūdanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
hlūdini (dative masculine singular weak)
hlūdammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
hlūdōni (dative feminine singular weak)
hlūdōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
hlūdini (dative neuter singular weak)
hlūdammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
hlūdinē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
hlūdammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
hlūdōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
hlūdōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
hlūdinē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
hlūdammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

Proto-West Germanic: *hlūd
Old English: hlūd
Middle English: loud, loude, lowd, lowde, lud
English: loud
Scots: loud, lood
Old Frisian: hlūd
Saterland Frisian: luud
West Frisian: lûd
Old Saxon: hlūd
Middle Low German: lūt, lūd
German Low German: luud, luut
Low German: luud
Plautdietsch: lud
Old Dutch: lūd
Middle Dutch: luut
Dutch: luid
Limburgish: luud
Old High German: lūt
Middle High German: lūt
German: laut
→ Esperanto: laŭta

From Proto-Indo-European *ḱlutós, from *ḱlew- (“to hear; famous”). The origin of the long vowel is unclear.


gulaz

*gulaz (a-stem)

gulaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
gulai (masculine nominative plural strong)
gulō (feminine nominative singular strong)
gulôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
gulą (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
gulō (neuter nominative plural strong)
gulanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
gulanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
gulǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
gulōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
gulą (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
gulō (accusative neuter plural strong)
gulas (genitive masculine singular strong)
-is (genitive masculine singular strong)
gulaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
gulaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
gulaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
gulas (genitive neuter singular strong)
-is (genitive neuter singular strong)
gulaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
gulammai (dative masculine singular strong)
gulaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
gulaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
gulaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
gulammai (dative neuter singular strong)
gulaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
gulanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
gulaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
gulaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
gulaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
gulanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
gulaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
gulô (masculine nominative singular weak)
gulaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
gulǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
gulōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
gulô (neuter nominative singular weak)
gulōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
gulanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
gulanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
gulōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
gulōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
gulô (accusative neuter singular weak)
gulōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
guliniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
gulanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
gulōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
gulōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
guliniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
gulanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
gulini (dative masculine singular weak)
gulammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
gulōni (dative feminine singular weak)
gulōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
gulini (dative neuter singular weak)
gulammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
gulinē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
gulammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
gulōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
gulōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
gulinē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
gulammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

Old Norse: gulr
Icelandic: gulur
Faroese: gulur
Norwegian Nynorsk: gul, (dialectal) gul’u, gul’e
Norwegian Bokmål: gul
Old Swedish: gul, gol
Swedish: gul, (dialectal) gål
Old Danish: guul
Danish: gul
→ Middle English: gul, gull, gulle, gule, goule, goole
⇒ Scots: golgrav
Yola: ghou


rībaz

*rībaz (a-stem)

rībaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
rībai (masculine nominative plural strong)
rībō (feminine nominative singular strong)
rībôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
rībą (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
rībō (neuter nominative plural strong)
rībanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
rībanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
rībǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
rībōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
rībą (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
rībō (accusative neuter plural strong)
rības (genitive masculine singular strong)
-is (genitive masculine singular strong)
rībaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
rībaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
rībaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
rības (genitive neuter singular strong)
-is (genitive neuter singular strong)
rībaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
rībammai (dative masculine singular strong)
rībaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
rībaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
rībaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
rībammai (dative neuter singular strong)
rībaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
rībanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
rībaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
rībaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
rībaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
rībanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
rībaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
rībô (masculine nominative singular weak)
rībaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
rībǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
rībōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
rībô (neuter nominative singular weak)
rībōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
rībanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
rībanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
rībōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
rībōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
rībô (accusative neuter singular weak)
rībōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
rībiniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
rībanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
rībōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
rībōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
rībiniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
rībanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
rībini (dative masculine singular weak)
rībammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
rībōni (dative feminine singular weak)
rībōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
rībini (dative neuter singular weak)
rībammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
rībinē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
rībammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
rībōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
rībōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
rībinē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
rībammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

Proto-West Germanic: *rīb

Old English: rīfe, rȳfe

Middle English: rif, rife, rive

Scots: ryf, ryfe, rife

English: rife

→ Anglo-Norman: *rife

Old Frisian: *rīfe

Saterland Frisian: rieuw

West Frisian: rju

Old Saxon: *rīf; *rīfi

Middle Low German: rîve

Low German: rive

Old Dutch: *rīf, *rīfi

Middle Dutch: rive, rijve, rijf; gerive

Dutch: rijf; grif

Old Norse: rífr; rífligr

Icelandic: rífur; ríflegur

Faroese: ríviligur

⇒ Faroese: rívan (adverb)

Norwegian: riv

Old Swedish: rīver

Danish: riv

→? Finnish: reipas

From Proto-Indo-European *h₁reyp- (“to tear, rip”).


līsaz

*līsaz (a-stem)

līsaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
līsai (masculine nominative plural strong)
līsō (feminine nominative singular strong)
līsôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
līsą (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
līsō (neuter nominative plural strong)
līsanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
līsanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
līsǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
līsōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
līsą (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
līsō (accusative neuter plural strong)
līsas (genitive masculine singular strong)
-is (genitive masculine singular strong)
līsaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
līsaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
līsaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
līsas (genitive neuter singular strong)
-is (genitive neuter singular strong)
līsaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
līsammai (dative masculine singular strong)
līsaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
līsaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
līsaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
līsammai (dative neuter singular strong)
līsaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
līsanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
līsaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
līsaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
līsaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
līsanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
līsaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
līsô (masculine nominative singular weak)
līsaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
līsǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
līsōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
līsô (neuter nominative singular weak)
līsōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
līsanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
līsanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
līsōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
līsōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
līsô (accusative neuter singular weak)
līsōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
līsiniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
līsanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
līsōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
līsōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
līsiniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
līsanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
līsini (dative masculine singular weak)
līsammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
līsōni (dative feminine singular weak)
līsōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
līsini (dative neuter singular weak)
līsammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
līsinē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
līsammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
līsōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
līsōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
līsinē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
līsammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

Gothic: *𐌻𐌴𐌹𐍃 (*leis)

Vṛddhi gerundive of *lizaną (“to know, to be familiar with”).

vrd

(East Germanic) knowledgeable, knowing, familiar with


wīgaz

*wīgaz (a-stem)

wīgaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
wīgai (masculine nominative plural strong)
wīgō (feminine nominative singular strong)
wīgôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
wīgą (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
wīgō (neuter nominative plural strong)
wīganǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
wīganz (accusative masculine plural strong)
wīgǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
wīgōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
wīgą (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
wīgō (accusative neuter plural strong)
wīgas (genitive masculine singular strong)
-is (genitive masculine singular strong)
wīgaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
wīgaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
wīgaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
wīgas (genitive neuter singular strong)
-is (genitive neuter singular strong)
wīgaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
wīgammai (dative masculine singular strong)
wīgaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
wīgaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
wīgaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
wīgammai (dative neuter singular strong)
wīgaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
wīganō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
wīgaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
wīgaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
wīgaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
wīganō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
wīgaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
wīgô (masculine nominative singular weak)
wīganiz (masculine nominative plural weak)
wīgǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
wīgōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
wīgô (neuter nominative singular weak)
wīgōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
wīganų (accusative masculine singular weak)
wīganunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
wīgōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
wīgōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
wīgô (accusative neuter singular weak)
wīgōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
wīginiz (genitive masculine singular weak)
wīganǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
wīgōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
wīgōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
wīginiz (genitive neuter singular weak)
wīganǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
wīgini (dative masculine singular weak)
wīgammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
wīgōni (dative feminine singular weak)
wīgōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
wīgini (dative neuter singular weak)
wīgammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
wīginē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
wīgammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
wīgōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
wīgōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
wīginē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
wīgammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

Old Norse: vígr

Old Swedish: vīgher

Swedish: vig

From earlier *wīhaz, vṛddhi gerundive of *wiganą (“to fight, battle”).

(North Germanic) fighting, warlike; able to fight


hlagulaz

*hlagulaz (a-stem)

hlagulaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
hlagulai (masculine nominative plural strong)
hlagulō (feminine nominative singular strong)
hlagulôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
hlagulą (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
hlagulō (neuter nominative plural strong)
hlagulanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
hlagulanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
hlagulǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
hlagulōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
hlagulą (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
hlagulō (accusative neuter plural strong)
hlagulas (genitive masculine singular strong)
-is (genitive masculine singular strong)
hlagulaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
hlagulaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
hlagulaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
hlagulas (genitive neuter singular strong)
-is (genitive neuter singular strong)
hlagulaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
hlagulammai (dative masculine singular strong)
hlagulaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
hlagulaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
hlagulaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
hlagulammai (dative neuter singular strong)
hlagulaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
hlagulanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
hlagulaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
hlagulaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
hlagulaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
hlagulanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
hlagulaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
hlagulô (masculine nominative singular weak)
hlagulaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
hlagulǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
hlagulōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
hlagulô (neuter nominative singular weak)
hlagulōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
hlagulanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
hlagulanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
hlagulōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
hlagulōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
hlagulô (accusative neuter singular weak)
hlagulōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
hlaguliniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
hlagulanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
hlagulōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
hlagulōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
hlaguliniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
hlagulanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
hlagulini (dative masculine singular weak)
hlagulammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
hlagulōni (dative feminine singular weak)
hlagulōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
hlagulini (dative neuter singular weak)
hlagulammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
hlagulinē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
hlagulammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
hlagulōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
hlagulōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
hlagulinē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
hlagulammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

Old English: hlagol


aikulaz

*aikulaz (a-stem)

aikulaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
aikulai (masculine nominative plural strong)
aikulō (feminine nominative singular strong)
aikulôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
aikulą (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
aikulō (neuter nominative plural strong)
aikulanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
aikulanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
aikulǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
aikulōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
aikulą (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
aikulō (accusative neuter plural strong)
aikulas (genitive masculine singular strong)
-is (genitive masculine singular strong)
aikulaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
aikulaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
aikulaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
aikulas (genitive neuter singular strong)
-is (genitive neuter singular strong)
aikulaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
aikulammai (dative masculine singular strong)
aikulaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
aikulaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
aikulaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
aikulammai (dative neuter singular strong)
aikulaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
aikulanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
aikulaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
aikulaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
aikulaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
aikulanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
aikulaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
aikulô (masculine nominative singular weak)
aikulaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
aikulǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
aikulōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
aikulô (neuter nominative singular weak)
aikulōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
aikulanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
aikulanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
aikulōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
aikulōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
aikulô (accusative neuter singular weak)
aikulōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
aikuliniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
aikulanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
aikulōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
aikulōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
aikuliniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
aikulanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
aikulini (dative masculine singular weak)
aikulammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
aikulōni (dative feminine singular weak)
aikulōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
aikulini (dative neuter singular weak)
aikulammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
aikulinē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
aikulammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
aikulōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
aikulōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
aikulinē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
aikulammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

Old English: acol, acul

Derived from the verb *aikaną (“to make one's own”)


þrawwaz

*þrawwaz (a-stem)

þrawwaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
þrawwai (masculine nominative plural strong)
þrawwō (feminine nominative singular strong)
þrawwôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
þrawwą (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
þrawwō (neuter nominative plural strong)
þrawwanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
þrawwanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
þrawwǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
þrawwōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
þrawwą (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
þrawwō (accusative neuter plural strong)
þrawwas (genitive masculine singular strong)
-is (genitive masculine singular strong)
þrawwaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
þrawwaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
þrawwaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
þrawwas (genitive neuter singular strong)
-is (genitive neuter singular strong)
þrawwaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
þrawwammai (dative masculine singular strong)
þrawwaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
þrawwaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
þrawwaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
þrawwammai (dative neuter singular strong)
þrawwaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
þrawwanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
þrawwaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
þrawwaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
þrawwaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
þrawwanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
þrawwaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
þrawwô (masculine nominative singular weak)
þrawwaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
þrawwǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
þrawwōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
þrawwô (neuter nominative singular weak)
þrawwōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
þrawwanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
þrawwanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
þrawwōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
þrawwōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
þrawwô (accusative neuter singular weak)
þrawwōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
þrawwiniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
þrawwanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
þrawwōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
þrawwōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
þrawwiniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
þrawwanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
þrawwini (dative masculine singular weak)
þrawwammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
þrawwōni (dative feminine singular weak)
þrawwōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
þrawwini (dative neuter singular weak)
þrawwammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
þrawwinē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
þrawwammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
þrawwōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
þrawwōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
þrawwinē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
þrawwammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

desc

→ Proto-Finnic: *rahvas (“people”), *raavas (“full-grown, mature”)


alamahtīgaz

*alamahtīgaz (a-stem)

alamahtīgaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
alamahtīgai (masculine nominative plural strong)
alamahtīgō (feminine nominative singular strong)
alamahtīgôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
alamahtīgą (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
alamahtīgō (neuter nominative plural strong)
alamahtīganǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
alamahtīganz (accusative masculine plural strong)
alamahtīgǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
alamahtīgōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
alamahtīgą (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
alamahtīgō (accusative neuter plural strong)
alamahtīgas (genitive masculine singular strong)
-is (genitive masculine singular strong)
alamahtīgaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
alamahtīgaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
alamahtīgaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
alamahtīgas (genitive neuter singular strong)
-is (genitive neuter singular strong)
alamahtīgaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
alamahtīgammai (dative masculine singular strong)
alamahtīgaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
alamahtīgaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
alamahtīgaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
alamahtīgammai (dative neuter singular strong)
alamahtīgaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
alamahtīganō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
alamahtīgaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
alamahtīgaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
alamahtīgaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
alamahtīganō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
alamahtīgaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
alamahtīgô (masculine nominative singular weak)
alamahtīganiz (masculine nominative plural weak)
alamahtīgǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
alamahtīgōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
alamahtīgô (neuter nominative singular weak)
alamahtīgōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
alamahtīganų (accusative masculine singular weak)
alamahtīganunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
alamahtīgōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
alamahtīgōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
alamahtīgô (accusative neuter singular weak)
alamahtīgōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
alamahtīginiz (genitive masculine singular weak)
alamahtīganǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
alamahtīgōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
alamahtīgōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
alamahtīginiz (genitive neuter singular weak)
alamahtīganǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
alamahtīgini (dative masculine singular weak)
alamahtīgammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
alamahtīgōni (dative feminine singular weak)
alamahtīgōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
alamahtīgini (dative neuter singular weak)
alamahtīgammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
alamahtīginē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
alamahtīgammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
alamahtīgōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
alamahtīgōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
alamahtīginē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
alamahtīgammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

Proto-West Germanic: *alamahtīg

Old English: ælmeahtiġ, ælmehtiġ, ælmihteġ, ælmihtiġ, ealmihtiġ

desctree

Middle English: almyghty, almihti, almihtiȝ
English: almighty
Scots: awmichtie

desc

Old Frisian: ellemachtich, ellemechtich, elmachtich, elmechtich

Saterland Frisian: almachtich

West Frisian: almachtich

desctree

Old Saxon: alomahtig
Middle Low German: alemachtich
German Low German: allmachtig
Plautdietsch: aulmajchtich
→ Danish: almægtig
→ Norwegian: allmektig
→ Old Swedish: alzmæktogher
Swedish: allsmäktig

Old Dutch: *alamahtīg, alamehtig

Middle Dutch: almachtig, almechtich

Dutch: almachtig

Afrikaans: almagtig

Old High German: alamahtīg

Middle High German: almachtich

Cimbrian: almachtig

German: allmächtig

Luxembourgish: allmächteg

Old Norse: almáttigr

Icelandic: almáttugur

Faroese: almáttugur

From *ala- + *mahtīgaz, perhaps a calque of Latin omnipotēns.


andijalausaz

*andijalausaz (a-stem)

andijalausaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
andijalausai (masculine nominative plural strong)
andijalausō (feminine nominative singular strong)
andijalausôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
andijalausą (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
andijalausō (neuter nominative plural strong)
andijalausanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
andijalausanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
andijalausǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
andijalausōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
andijalausą (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
andijalausō (accusative neuter plural strong)
andijalausas (genitive masculine singular strong)
-is (genitive masculine singular strong)
andijalausaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
andijalausaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
andijalausaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
andijalausas (genitive neuter singular strong)
-is (genitive neuter singular strong)
andijalausaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
andijalausammai (dative masculine singular strong)
andijalausaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
andijalausaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
andijalausaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
andijalausammai (dative neuter singular strong)
andijalausaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
andijalausanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
andijalausaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
andijalausaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
andijalausaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
andijalausanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
andijalausaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
andijalausô (masculine nominative singular weak)
andijalausaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
andijalausǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
andijalausōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
andijalausô (neuter nominative singular weak)
andijalausōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
andijalausanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
andijalausanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
andijalausōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
andijalausōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
andijalausô (accusative neuter singular weak)
andijalausōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
andijalausiniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
andijalausanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
andijalausōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
andijalausōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
andijalausiniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
andijalausanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
andijalausini (dative masculine singular weak)
andijalausammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
andijalausōni (dative feminine singular weak)
andijalausōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
andijalausini (dative neuter singular weak)
andijalausammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
andijalausinē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
andijalausammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
andijalausōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
andijalausōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
andijalausinē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
andijalausammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

Proto-West Germanic: *andijalaus
Old English: endelēas
Middle English: endeles
Scots: endles, endless
English: endless
Old Frisian: *endelās
Saterland Frisian: eendloos
West Frisian: einleas
Old Saxon: endilōs
Middle Low German: endelôs, ēndelôs
German Low German: endlos
Old Dutch: *endilōs
Middle Dutch: endelôos
Dutch: eindeloos
Afrikaans: eindeloos
Old High German: endilōs
Middle High German: endelos
German: endlos

Old Norse: endalauss

Icelandic: endalaus

Faroese: endaleysur

Norwegian: endeløs

Old Swedish: ændalø̄s

Swedish: ändlös

Danish: endeløs

Gothic: 𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌹𐌻𐌰𐌿𐍃 (andilaus)


frīdaz

*frīdaz (a-stem)

frīdaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
frīdai (masculine nominative plural strong)
frīdō (feminine nominative singular strong)
frīdôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
frīdą (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
frīdō (neuter nominative plural strong)
frīdanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
frīdanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
frīdǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
frīdōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
frīdą (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
frīdō (accusative neuter plural strong)
frīdas (genitive masculine singular strong)
-is (genitive masculine singular strong)
frīdaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
frīdaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
frīdaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
frīdas (genitive neuter singular strong)
-is (genitive neuter singular strong)
frīdaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
frīdammai (dative masculine singular strong)
frīdaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
frīdaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
frīdaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
frīdammai (dative neuter singular strong)
frīdaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
frīdanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
frīdaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
frīdaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
frīdaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
frīdanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
frīdaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
frīdô (masculine nominative singular weak)
frīdaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
frīdǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
frīdōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
frīdô (neuter nominative singular weak)
frīdōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
frīdanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
frīdanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
frīdōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
frīdōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
frīdô (accusative neuter singular weak)
frīdōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
frīdiniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
frīdanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
frīdōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
frīdōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
frīdiniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
frīdanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
frīdini (dative masculine singular weak)
frīdammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
frīdōni (dative feminine singular weak)
frīdōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
frīdini (dative neuter singular weak)
frīdammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
frīdinē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
frīdammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
frīdōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
frīdōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
frīdinē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
frīdammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

Old English: frīþ, *frīd, frīdhengest

Old Norse: fríðr

Icelandic: fríður

Faroese: fríður

Norwegian Nynorsk: frid

Old Swedish: frīþer

Swedish: frid

From Pre-Germanic *priHtós, a to-stem adjective to Proto-Indo-European *preyH- (“to love”). Cognate with Sanskrit प्रीत (prīta, “pleased, delighted; beloved”).


hagaz

hagōzô (comparative)
hagōstaz (superlative)
hagaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
hagai (masculine nominative plural strong)
hagō (feminine nominative singular strong)
hagôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
hagą (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
hagō (neuter nominative plural strong)
haganǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
haganz (accusative masculine plural strong)
hagǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
hagōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
hagą (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
hagō (accusative neuter plural strong)
hagas (genitive masculine singular strong)
-is (genitive masculine singular strong)
hagaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
hagaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
hagaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
hagas (genitive neuter singular strong)
-is (genitive neuter singular strong)
hagaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
hagammai (dative masculine singular strong)
hagaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
hagaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
hagaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
hagammai (dative neuter singular strong)
hagaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
haganō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
hagaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
hagaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
hagaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
haganō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
hagaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
hagô (masculine nominative singular weak)
haganiz (masculine nominative plural weak)
hagǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
hagōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
hagô (neuter nominative singular weak)
hagōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
haganų (accusative masculine singular weak)
haganunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
hagōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
hagōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
hagô (accusative neuter singular weak)
hagōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
haginiz (genitive masculine singular weak)
haganǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
hagōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
hagōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
haginiz (genitive neuter singular weak)
haganǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
hagini (dative masculine singular weak)
hagammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
hagōni (dative feminine singular weak)
hagōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
hagini (dative neuter singular weak)
hagammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
haginē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
hagammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
hagōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
hagōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
haginē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
hagammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

*hagaz (a-stem)

Proto-Norse: *ᚺᚨᚷᚨᛉ (*hagaʀ)

⇒ Proto-Norse: ᚺᚨᚷᛁᚱᚨᛞᚨᛉ (hagiradaʀ)

Old Norse: hagr

Icelandic: hagur

Norwegian: hag

Old Swedish: hagher

Jutish: hav

From Proto-Indo-European *ḱok-ó-s, from *ḱek- (“to be able, capable”). Compare Sanskrit शक् (śak, “to be able”).


knawaz

*knawaz (a-stem)

knawaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
knawai (masculine nominative plural strong)
knawō (feminine nominative singular strong)
knawôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
knawą (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
knawō (neuter nominative plural strong)
knawanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
knawanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
knawǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
knawōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
knawą (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
knawō (accusative neuter plural strong)
knawas (genitive masculine singular strong)
-is (genitive masculine singular strong)
knawaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
knawaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
knawaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
knawas (genitive neuter singular strong)
-is (genitive neuter singular strong)
knawaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
knawammai (dative masculine singular strong)
knawaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
knawaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
knawaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
knawammai (dative neuter singular strong)
knawaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
knawanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
knawaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
knawaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
knawaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
knawanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
knawaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
knawô (masculine nominative singular weak)
knawaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
knawǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
knawōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
knawô (neuter nominative singular weak)
knawōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
knawanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
knawanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
knawōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
knawōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
knawô (accusative neuter singular weak)
knawōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
knawiniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
knawanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
knawōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
knawōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
knawiniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
knawanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
knawini (dative masculine singular weak)
knawammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
knawōni (dative feminine singular weak)
knawōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
knawini (dative neuter singular weak)
knawammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
knawinē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
knawammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
knawōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
knawōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
knawinē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
knawammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

Old Norse: knár

Icelandic: knár

Faroese: knáur

Crimean Gothic: knauen

Unclear. May be related to *knēaną, which is problematic itself. Alternatively, it could be related to *knūjaną.

unk

Unclear


rūhaz

*rūhaz (a-stem)

rūhaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
rūhai (masculine nominative plural strong)
rūhō (feminine nominative singular strong)
rūhôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
rūhą (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
rūhō (neuter nominative plural strong)
rūhanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
rūhanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
rūhǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
rūhōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
rūhą (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
rūhō (accusative neuter plural strong)
rūhas (genitive masculine singular strong)
-is (genitive masculine singular strong)
rūhaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
rūhaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
rūhaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
rūhas (genitive neuter singular strong)
-is (genitive neuter singular strong)
rūhaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
rūhammai (dative masculine singular strong)
rūhaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
rūhaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
rūhaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
rūhammai (dative neuter singular strong)
rūhaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
rūhanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
rūhaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
rūhaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
rūhaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
rūhanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
rūhaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
rūhô (masculine nominative singular weak)
rūhaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
rūhǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
rūhōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
rūhô (neuter nominative singular weak)
rūhōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
rūhanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
rūhanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
rūhōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
rūhōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
rūhô (accusative neuter singular weak)
rūhōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
rūhiniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
rūhanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
rūhōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
rūhōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
rūhiniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
rūhanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
rūhini (dative masculine singular weak)
rūhammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
rūhōni (dative feminine singular weak)
rūhōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
rūhini (dative neuter singular weak)
rūhammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
rūhinē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
rūhammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
rūhōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
rūhōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
rūhinē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
rūhammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

Old English: rūh, rūg

desc

Middle English: ruh, ruȝ, roȝe, row, rogh, rough

Scots: roch, ruch, rouch, rooch

English: rough

Old Frisian: *rūch

Saterland Frisian: ruuch, rouch

West Frisian: rûch

Old Saxon: *rūh, *rūg, *rūw (found in derivatives)

Middle Low German: rûh, rû, rûw

German Low German: ruug

Low German: ruuch, rug

Plautdietsch: ruff, ruch

→ Danish: ru

Old Dutch: *rūh, *rū

Middle Dutch: ruuch, ru, rou

Dutch: ruig, ruw

Afrikaans: ruig, ru

Old High German: rūh

Middle High German: rūh, rūhe, rūch, rouch

rau; rauch (obsolete)

German: rau

→ German Low German: rau

Yiddish: רוי (roy)

From Proto-Indo-European *Hrewk- (“to pluck”).


staupaz

*staupaz (a-stem)

staupaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
staupai (masculine nominative plural strong)
staupō (feminine nominative singular strong)
staupôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
staupą (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
staupō (neuter nominative plural strong)
staupanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
staupanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
staupǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
staupōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
staupą (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
staupō (accusative neuter plural strong)
staupas (genitive masculine singular strong)
-is (genitive masculine singular strong)
staupaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
staupaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
staupaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
staupas (genitive neuter singular strong)
-is (genitive neuter singular strong)
staupaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
staupammai (dative masculine singular strong)
staupaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
staupaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
staupaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
staupammai (dative neuter singular strong)
staupaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
staupanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
staupaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
staupaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
staupaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
staupanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
staupaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
staupô (masculine nominative singular weak)
staupaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
staupǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
staupōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
staupô (neuter nominative singular weak)
staupōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
staupanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
staupanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
staupōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
staupōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
staupô (accusative neuter singular weak)
staupōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
staupiniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
staupanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
staupōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
staupōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
staupiniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
staupanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
staupini (dative masculine singular weak)
staupammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
staupōni (dative feminine singular weak)
staupōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
staupini (dative neuter singular weak)
staupammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
staupinē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
staupammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
staupōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
staupōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
staupinē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
staupammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

Proto-West Germanic: *staup

Old English: stēap

desc

Middle English: stæp, steap, stepe, steep

Scots: stepe, steip

English: steep

Old Frisian: stāp

Old Dutch: *stoup, *stōp

Middle Dutch: stoop

Old High German: *stouf; stoufi

Middle High German: stief

Perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *(s)tewb- (“to thrust; to hit, butt; stump”), but see more at *stūpaną.