batizô

batiz (adverb)
batizô (masculine nominative singular)
batizaniz (masculine nominative plural)
batizį̄ (feminine nominative singular)
batizīniz (feminine nominative plural)
batizô (neuter nominative singular)
batizōnō (neuter nominative plural)
batizanų (accusative masculine singular)
batizanunz (accusative masculine plural)
batizīnų (accusative feminine singular)
batizīnunz (accusative feminine plural)
batizô (accusative neuter singular)
batizōnō (accusative neuter plural)
batiziniz (genitive masculine singular)
batizanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural)
batizīniz (feminine genitive singular)
batizīnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural)
batiziniz (genitive neuter singular)
batizanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural)
batizini (dative masculine singular)
batizammaz (dative masculine plural)
batizīni (dative feminine singular)
batizīmaz (dative feminine plural)
batizini (dative neuter singular)
batizammaz (dative neuter plural)
batizinē (instrumental masculine singular)
batizammiz (instrumental masculine plural)
batizīnē (feminine instrumental singular)
batizīmiz (feminine instrumental plural)
batizinē (instrumental neuter singular)
batizammiz (instrumental neuter plural)

gem-decl-adj-table

*batizô (an/īn-stem)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *batiʀō
Old English: betera
Middle English: bettre
English: better
Scots: better
Yola: bethther
Old Frisian: betera
Saterland Frisian: beter
West Frisian: better
Old Saxon: betiro
Middle Low German: beter
Low German: beter
Old Dutch: betiro
Middle Dutch: beter
Dutch: beter
Afrikaans: beter
Berbice Creole Dutch: betre
Negerhollands: beeter
→ Sranan Tongo: betre
Aukan: betee
Saramaccan: bë́të
Limburgish: baeter
Old High German: bezziro
Middle High German: bezzer
Central Franconian: besser
Cimbrian: péssor
German: besser
Luxembourgish: besser
Yiddish: בעסער (beser)

Old Norse: betri
Icelandic: betri
Faroese: betri
Norwegian Nynorsk: betre
Norwegian: bere, bære, beire (dialectal)
Old Swedish: bætre, bættre
Swedish: bättre
Danish: bedre
Norwegian Bokmål: bedre

Gothic: 𐌱𐌰𐍄𐌹𐌶𐌰 (batiza)


batistaz

batist (adverb)
batistaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
batistai (masculine nominative plural strong)
batistō (feminine nominative singular strong)
batistôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
batistą (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
batistō (neuter nominative plural strong)
batistanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
batistanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
batistǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
batistōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
batistą (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
batistō (accusative neuter plural strong)
batistas (genitive masculine singular strong)
-is (genitive masculine singular strong)
batistaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
batistaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
batistaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
batistas (genitive neuter singular strong)
-is (genitive neuter singular strong)
batistaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
batistammai (dative masculine singular strong)
batistaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
batistaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
batistaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
batistammai (dative neuter singular strong)
batistaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
batistanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
batistaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
batistaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
batistaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
batistanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
batistaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
batistô (masculine nominative singular weak)
batistaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
batistǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
batistōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
batistô (neuter nominative singular weak)
batistōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
batistanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
batistanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
batistōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
batistōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
batistô (accusative neuter singular weak)
batistōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
batistiniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
batistanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
batistōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
batistōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
batistiniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
batistanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
batistini (dative masculine singular weak)
batistammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
batistōni (dative feminine singular weak)
batistōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
batistini (dative neuter singular weak)
batistammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
batistinē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
batistammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
batistōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
batistōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
batistinē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
batistammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

*batistaz (a-stem)

Old English: betest, betst, bezt, betast, betost
Middle English: beste, betst, bettst, bezst, best
English: best
Scots: best

Old Frisian: betsta, besta

West Frisian: best

Old Saxon: betst, best

Middle Low German: best

Low German: best

Old Dutch: *betst

Middle Dutch: best
Dutch: best
Afrikaans: beste
Berbice Creole Dutch: besti
Negerhollands: bes, best
→? Sranan Tongo: besi
Limburgish: bès

Old High German: bezzisto
Middle High German: bezzist
Alemannic German: bescht
Central Franconian: beste
Cimbrian: peste, péste (Sette Comuni)
German: beste
Luxembourgish: beschte
Yiddish: בעסט (best)

Old Norse: beztr, baztr
Icelandic: bestur
Faroese: bestur
Norwegian: best
Old Swedish: bæzter, bazter, bæster
Swedish: bäst
Danish: bedst

Gothic: 𐌱𐌰𐍄𐌹𐍃𐍄𐍃 (batists)


framaþiz

framaþiz (masculine nominative singular strong)
framaþijai (masculine nominative plural strong)
framaþī (feminine nominative singular strong)
framaþijôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
framaþį (neuter nominative singular strong)
-jatō (neuter nominative singular strong)
framaþijō (neuter nominative plural strong)
framaþijanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
framaþijanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
framaþijǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
framaþijōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
framaþį (accusative neuter singular strong)
-jatō (accusative neuter singular strong)
framaþijō (accusative neuter plural strong)
framaþijas (genitive masculine singular strong)
framaþīs (genitive masculine singular strong)
framaþijaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
framaþijaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
framaþijaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
framaþijas (genitive neuter singular strong)
framaþīs (genitive neuter singular strong)
framaþijaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
framaþijammai (dative masculine singular strong)
framaþijaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
framaþijaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
framaþijaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
framaþijammai (dative neuter singular strong)
framaþijaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
framaþijanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
framaþijaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
framaþijaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
framaþijaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
framaþijanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
framaþijaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
framaþijô (masculine nominative singular weak)
framaþijaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
framaþijǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
framaþijōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
framaþijô (neuter nominative singular weak)
framaþijōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
framaþijanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
framaþijanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
framaþijōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
framaþijōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
framaþijô (accusative neuter singular weak)
framaþijōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
framaþīniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
framaþijanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
framaþijōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
framaþijōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
framaþīniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
framaþijanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
framaþīni (dative masculine singular weak)
framaþijammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
framaþijōni (dative feminine singular weak)
framaþijōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
framaþīni (dative neuter singular weak)
framaþijammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
framaþīnē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
framaþijammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
framaþijōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
framaþijōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
framaþīnē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
framaþijammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

Proto-West Germanic: *framiþī
Old English: fremde, fremede, fremeþe
Middle English: fremde, fremede, fremed, fremmed, frempt, fremmid, fremmede, freomede, ffremyd, fremd
English: fremd (rare, chiefly dialectal)
Scots: fremmit, fremd, frempt, frem
Old Frisian: framede, framde, fromede, fromde
Saterland Frisian: froamd
West Frisian: frjemd, freamd
Old Saxon: fremithi, fremidi
Middle Low German: vremede, vremde, vrömede, vrömde
German Low German: frömd
Plautdietsch: framd
→ Old Norse: framandi
Icelandic: framandi
Faroese: fremmandur
>? Norn: fremd (perhaps from Old or Middle English)
Norwegian Nynorsk: framand; (dialectal) framund
Swedish: främmad (dated, poetic, dialectal), främmande
Danish: fremmed
Norwegian Bokmål: fremmed
Gutnish: främmande, främmandi
→ Middle English: fromond
Old Dutch: fremithi
Middle Dutch: vremt
Dutch: vreemd
Afrikaans: vreemd
Negerhollands: vreemd
Limburgish: vraemp
Old High German: fremidi
Middle High German: vremede, vremde
Central Franconian: fremb
Cimbrian: brömade
German: fremd
Luxembourgish: friem
Vilamovian: fremd
Yiddish: פֿרעמד (fremd)

Gothic: 𐍆𐍂𐌰𐌼𐌰𐌸𐌴𐌹𐍃 (framaþeis)


galīkaz

*galīkaz (a-stem)

galīkaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
galīkai (masculine nominative plural strong)
galīkō (feminine nominative singular strong)
galīkôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
galīką (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
galīkō (neuter nominative plural strong)
galīkanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
galīkanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
galīkǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
galīkōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
galīką (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
galīkō (accusative neuter plural strong)
galīkas (genitive masculine singular strong)
-is (genitive masculine singular strong)
galīkaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
galīkaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
galīkaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
galīkas (genitive neuter singular strong)
-is (genitive neuter singular strong)
galīkaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
galīkammai (dative masculine singular strong)
galīkaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
galīkaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
galīkaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
galīkammai (dative neuter singular strong)
galīkaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
galīkanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
galīkaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
galīkaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
galīkaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
galīkanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
galīkaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
galīkô (masculine nominative singular weak)
galīkaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
galīkǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
galīkōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
galīkô (neuter nominative singular weak)
galīkōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
galīkanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
galīkanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
galīkōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
galīkōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
galīkô (accusative neuter singular weak)
galīkōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
galīkiniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
galīkanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
galīkōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
galīkōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
galīkiniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
galīkanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
galīkini (dative masculine singular weak)
galīkammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
galīkōni (dative feminine singular weak)
galīkōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
galīkini (dative neuter singular weak)
galīkammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
galīkinē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
galīkammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
galīkōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
galīkōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
galīkinē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
galīkammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

Proto-West Germanic: *galīk
Old English: ġelīc
Middle English: ylich, ylych, ilich, ilych, ylik, ylyk, ilik, ilyk, iliche, ileche, ilic, ȝelic, ȝelich, gelic, ylijk, illike, ilek
English: alike
Scots: ylike, ylyke, elike, elyke
Old Frisian: gelīk
Saterland Frisian: gliek
West Frisian: gelyk
Old Saxon: gilīk
Middle Low German: gelīke
Low German: gliek, glieks, liek; glyk (Paderbornisch)
→ Swedish: gelike
Old Dutch: *gilīk, gelik, gelich
Middle Dutch: gelijc
Dutch: gelijk
Afrikaans: gelyk
Berbice Creole Dutch: gliki
Negerhollands: gliek, liek, leik, leiki, liki, lek, li, glik
Limburgish: geliek
Old High German: gilīh, kilih
Middle High German: gelīch, gelich, gelīche, glīch
Alemannic German: gliich
Bavarian: glei
Cimbrian: galàiche
German: gleich
Hunsrik: gleich
Luxembourgish: gläich
Vilamovian: głajch
Yiddish: גלײַך (glaykh)

Old Norse: líkr, glíkr
Icelandic: líkur, glíkur
Faroese: líkur
Norwegian: lik
Old Swedish: līker
Swedish: lik
Old Danish: lyk
Middle Danish: ligh
Danish: lig

Gothic: 𐌲𐌰𐌻𐌴𐌹𐌺𐍃 (galeiks)


-līkaz

-līkaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
-līkai (masculine nominative plural strong)
-līkō (feminine nominative singular strong)
-līkôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
-līką (neuter nominative singular strong)
-at (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
-līkō (neuter nominative plural strong)
-līkanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
-līkanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
-līkǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
-līkōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
-līką (accusative neuter singular strong)
-at (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
-līkō (accusative neuter plural strong)
-līkas (genitive masculine singular strong)
-līkis (genitive masculine singular strong)
-līkaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
-līkaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
-līkaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
-līkas (genitive neuter singular strong)
-līkis (genitive neuter singular strong)
-līkaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
-līkammai (dative masculine singular strong)
-līkaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
-līkaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
-līkaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
-līkammai (dative neuter singular strong)
-līkaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
-līkanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
-līkaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
-līkaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
-līkaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
-līkanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
-līkaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
-līkô (masculine nominative singular weak)
-līkaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
-līkǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
-līkōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
-līkô (neuter nominative singular weak)
-līkōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
-līkanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
-līkanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
-līkōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
-līkōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
-līkô (accusative neuter singular weak)
-līkōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
-līkiniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
-līkanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
-līkōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
-līkōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
-līkiniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
-līkanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
-līkini (dative masculine singular weak)
-līkammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
-līkōni (dative feminine singular weak)
-līkōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
-līkini (dative neuter singular weak)
-līkammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
-līkinē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
-līkammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
-līkōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
-līkōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
-līkinē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
-līkammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

Proto-West Germanic: *-līk
Old English: -līċ, -līh, -lī
Middle English: -ly, -li, -lych, -lich
English: -ly
Scots: -lie
Old Frisian: -līk
Saterland Frisian: -elk
West Frisian: -lyk
Old Saxon: -līk
Middle Low German: -līk, -lik, -lick (inflected -lik-)
Low German: -lich, -lig, -lik, -lick, -li (Eastfalian), -elk (East Frisian)
Plautdietsch: -lich
Old Dutch: -līk
Middle Dutch: -lijc
Dutch: -lijk
Afrikaans: -lik
Jersey Dutch: -lik, -lek, -lā́ik
Old High German: -līh
Middle High German: -lich
German: -lich
Luxembourgish: -lech
Yiddish: ־לעך (-lekh)

Proto-Norse:

Old Norse: -ligr, -líkr
Icelandic: -legur
Faroese: -ligur
Norwegian:
Norwegian Bokmål: -lig
Norwegian Nynorsk: -leg
Old Swedish: -līker
Swedish: -lig
Old Danish: -lig
Danish: -lig

Gothic: -𐌻𐌴𐌹𐌺𐍃 (-leiks)

From *līką, originally with the sense of 'having the body or form of'.

-like, -ly. Forms adjectives from nouns and adjectives with the sense of 'similar to, characteristic of'.


wirsistaz

*wirsistaz (a-stem)

wirsistaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
wirsistai (masculine nominative plural strong)
wirsistō (feminine nominative singular strong)
wirsistôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
wirsistą (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
wirsistō (neuter nominative plural strong)
wirsistanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
wirsistanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
wirsistǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
wirsistōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
wirsistą (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
wirsistō (accusative neuter plural strong)
wirsistas (genitive masculine singular strong)
-is (genitive masculine singular strong)
wirsistaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
wirsistaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
wirsistaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
wirsistas (genitive neuter singular strong)
-is (genitive neuter singular strong)
wirsistaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
wirsistammai (dative masculine singular strong)
wirsistaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
wirsistaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
wirsistaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
wirsistammai (dative neuter singular strong)
wirsistaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
wirsistanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
wirsistaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
wirsistaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
wirsistaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
wirsistanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
wirsistaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
wirsistô (masculine nominative singular weak)
wirsistaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
wirsistǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
wirsistōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
wirsistô (neuter nominative singular weak)
wirsistōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
wirsistanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
wirsistanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
wirsistōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
wirsistōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
wirsistô (accusative neuter singular weak)
wirsistōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
wirsistiniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
wirsistanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
wirsistōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
wirsistōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
wirsistiniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
wirsistanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
wirsistini (dative masculine singular weak)
wirsistammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
wirsistōni (dative feminine singular weak)
wirsistōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
wirsistini (dative neuter singular weak)
wirsistammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
wirsistinē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
wirsistammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
wirsistōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
wirsistōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
wirsistinē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
wirsistammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)


ubilaz

wirsiz (adverb)
wirsizô (comparative)
wirsistaz (superlative)
ubilaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
ubilai (masculine nominative plural strong)
ubilō (feminine nominative singular strong)
ubilôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
ubilą (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
ubilō (neuter nominative plural strong)
ubilanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
ubilanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
ubilǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
ubilōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
ubilą (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
ubilō (accusative neuter plural strong)
ubilas (genitive masculine singular strong)
-is (genitive masculine singular strong)
ubilaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
ubilaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
ubilaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
ubilas (genitive neuter singular strong)
-is (genitive neuter singular strong)
ubilaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
ubilammai (dative masculine singular strong)
ubilaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
ubilaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
ubilaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
ubilammai (dative neuter singular strong)
ubilaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
ubilanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
ubilaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
ubilaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
ubilaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
ubilanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
ubilaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
ubilô (masculine nominative singular weak)
ubilaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
ubilǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
ubilōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
ubilô (neuter nominative singular weak)
ubilōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
ubilanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
ubilanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
ubilōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
ubilōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
ubilô (accusative neuter singular weak)
ubilōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
ubiliniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
ubilanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
ubilōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
ubilōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
ubiliniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
ubilanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
ubilini (dative masculine singular weak)
ubilammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
ubilōni (dative feminine singular weak)
ubilōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
ubilini (dative neuter singular weak)
ubilammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
ubilinē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
ubilammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
ubilōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
ubilōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
ubilinē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
ubilammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

*ubilaz (a-stem)

Proto-West Germanic: *ubil
Old English: yfel, efel, eofel
Middle English: yvel, uvel, evel
English: evil
Scots: evil, ewil
Old Frisian: evel
Saterland Frisian: eeuwel
West Frisian: evel
Old Saxon: uvil
Middle Low German: ovel
Plautdietsch: iebel
→ West Frisian: euvel
Old Dutch: uvil
Middle Dutch: evel, ovel, oevel
Dutch: euvel
Afrikaans: euwel
Old High German: ubil
Middle High German: übel, *üvel (West Central German)
German: übel
Luxembourgish: iwwel

Gothic: 𐌿𐌱𐌹𐌻𐍃 (ubils)

Cognate with Proto-Celtic *uɸelos (“bad, evil”), but the source is disputed. Possibly either:
* From Proto-Indo-European *h₂upélos, from a root *h₂wep(h₁)- (“bad, evil”) + *-elo-, thereby cognate with Hittite 𒄷𒉿𒀊𒍣 (huwapp-ⁱ, “to mistreat, harass”), 𒄷𒉿𒀊𒉺𒀸 (huwappa-, “evil, badness”). Kroonen doubts the comparison to Hittite on the grounds that the Hittite verb preserves an earlier meaning “to throw/cast away” and so the semantic development to “evil” was probably post-PIE.
* From Proto-Indo-European *upélos (“evil”, literally “going over or beyond (acceptable limits)”), from *upó, *up (“down, up, over”), thus it would be equivalent to *ub (“under”) + *-ilaz.


wirsizô

wirsiz (adverb)
wirsizô (masculine nominative singular)
wirsizaniz (masculine nominative plural)
wirsizį̄ (feminine nominative singular)
wirsizīniz (feminine nominative plural)
wirsizô (neuter nominative singular)
wirsizōnō (neuter nominative plural)
wirsizanų (accusative masculine singular)
wirsizanunz (accusative masculine plural)
wirsizīnų (accusative feminine singular)
wirsizīnunz (accusative feminine plural)
wirsizô (accusative neuter singular)
wirsizōnō (accusative neuter plural)
wirsiziniz (genitive masculine singular)
wirsizanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural)
wirsizīniz (feminine genitive singular)
wirsizīnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural)
wirsiziniz (genitive neuter singular)
wirsizanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural)
wirsizini (dative masculine singular)
wirsizammaz (dative masculine plural)
wirsizīni (dative feminine singular)
wirsizīmaz (dative feminine plural)
wirsizini (dative neuter singular)
wirsizammaz (dative neuter plural)
wirsizinē (instrumental masculine singular)
wirsizammiz (instrumental masculine plural)
wirsizīnē (feminine instrumental singular)
wirsizīmiz (feminine instrumental plural)
wirsizinē (instrumental neuter singular)
wirsizammiz (instrumental neuter plural)

gem-decl-adj-table

*wirsizô (an/īn-stem)

Derived from Proto-Indo-European *wers- (“to rise; peak”). Probably related to Irish fearr (“better”), which has the opposite meaning. The original meaning could therefore be 'further outside, more extreme'. Maybe related to Lithuanian viršùs (“upper part, peak”), viršutìnis (“upper, outer”), and Sanskrit वर्षीयस् (várṣīyas, “higher”).

der

Proto-West Germanic: *wirsiʀōOld English: wiersa

wurseEnglish: worse→ Cantonese: worseScots: warseOld Frisian: wirra

werraOld Saxon: wirsiroOld Dutch: *wirsMiddle Dutch: wersDutch: wersOld High German: wirsiroGerman: wirser

Old Norse: verriIcelandic: verriFaroese: verriNorwegian: verreOld Swedish: værreSwedish: värre

varrDanish: værre→ Middle English: werre


ganōgaz

ganōgaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
ganōgai (masculine nominative plural strong)
ganōgō (feminine nominative singular strong)
ganōgôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
ganōgą (neuter nominative singular strong)
-at (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
ganōgō (neuter nominative plural strong)
ganōganǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
ganōganz (accusative masculine plural strong)
ganōgǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
ganōgōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
ganōgą (accusative neuter singular strong)
-at (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
ganōgō (accusative neuter plural strong)
ganōgas (genitive masculine singular strong)
ganōgis (genitive masculine singular strong)
ganōgaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
ganōgaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
ganōgaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
ganōgas (genitive neuter singular strong)
ganōgis (genitive neuter singular strong)
ganōgaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
ganōgammai (dative masculine singular strong)
ganōgaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
ganōgaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
ganōgaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
ganōgammai (dative neuter singular strong)
ganōgaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
ganōganō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
ganōgaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
ganōgaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
ganōgaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
ganōganō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
ganōgaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)

Proto-West Germanic: *ganōg

desctree

Old English: ġenōg, ġenōh
Middle English: ynogh, inoh, inow, ynough, ynow
English: enough, (archaic) enow, enoo
Geordie English: eneugh
Scots: eneuch, eneugh, aneuch
Yola: eenew

Old Frisian: enōch, anōg, nōch

Saterland Frisian: nouch, genouch

West Frisian: genôch

Old Saxon: ginōg, ginōh, ginuog
Middle Low German: genôch, genûch, ennôch
Low German: genaug, enaug, naug, noog
→ Danish: nok
→ Swedish: nock (dialectal, perhaps via Danish)
→ Scanian: nock (perhaps via Danish)
→ Norwegian Bokmål: nok (perhaps via Danish)

Old Dutch: *ginuog, genuog

Middle Dutch: genuch, ghenoech

Dutch: genoeg
Afrikaans: genoeg
Berbice Creole Dutch: gunuku
Jersey Dutch: xjenux
Negerhollands: genoeg, genug, gnug
→ Virgin Islands Creole: genn (dated)

Limburgish: genog

Old High German: ginuog, ganōc, genūch, genūg, genuog, ginuach, ginuag, ginuoc, ginuoch, gnueg, gnūg, gnuoc, gnuog, kanoac, kanōg, kinōc, kinuoc, kinuog, kenuoc, kenuog, knueg, knuog
Middle High German: genuoc
Alemannic German: gnueg
Central Franconian: jeno(o)ch, genooch(t), genuuch(t), genuch
Luxembourgish: genuch
Cimbrian: ghenùg
German: genug
Rhine Franconian:
Pennsylvania German: genunk
Yiddish: גענוג (genug)

Old Norse: gnógr, nógr
Icelandic: gnógur, nógur
Faroese: nógvur
Norwegian Nynorsk: nog; (dialectal) naug
Elfdalian: naug
Old Swedish: nōgh
Swedish: nog

Gothic: 𐌲𐌰𐌽𐍉𐌷𐍃 (ganōhs)

/ɣɑˈnɔː.ɣɑz/

From *ga- + *nōgaz, although the latter has no attested descendants. Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eh₂nóḱe (“he has reached, attained”), perfective of *h₂neḱ- (“to reach”). Cognate with Sanskrit अनाश (anā́śa).


wainagaz

*wainagaz (a-stem)

wainagaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
wainagai (masculine nominative plural strong)
wainagō (feminine nominative singular strong)
wainagôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
wainagą (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
wainagō (neuter nominative plural strong)
wainaganǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
wainaganz (accusative masculine plural strong)
wainagǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
wainagōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
wainagą (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
wainagō (accusative neuter plural strong)
wainagas (genitive masculine singular strong)
-is (genitive masculine singular strong)
wainagaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
wainagaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
wainagaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
wainagas (genitive neuter singular strong)
-is (genitive neuter singular strong)
wainagaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
wainagammai (dative masculine singular strong)
wainagaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
wainagaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
wainagaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
wainagammai (dative neuter singular strong)
wainagaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
wainaganō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
wainagaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
wainagaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
wainagaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
wainaganō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
wainagaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
wainagô (masculine nominative singular weak)
wainaganiz (masculine nominative plural weak)
wainagǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
wainagōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
wainagô (neuter nominative singular weak)
wainagōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
wainaganų (accusative masculine singular weak)
wainaganunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
wainagōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
wainagōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
wainagô (accusative neuter singular weak)
wainagōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
wainaginiz (genitive masculine singular weak)
wainaganǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
wainagōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
wainagōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
wainaginiz (genitive neuter singular weak)
wainaganǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
wainagini (dative masculine singular weak)
wainagammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
wainagōni (dative feminine singular weak)
wainagōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
wainagini (dative neuter singular weak)
wainagammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
wainaginē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
wainagammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
wainagōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
wainagōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
wainaginē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
wainagammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *wainag
Old Saxon: *weinag, *wēnag
Middle Low German: wēnich, weinich
German Low German: wennig, wenig, wäinig, wänig
Plautdietsch: weinich
→ West Frisian: weinich
Old Dutch: *weinag, *wēnag
Middle Dutch: wenich, weinich
Dutch: weinig
Jersey Dutch: wääinix
Negerhollands: wenig, weinig
→ Kwinti: weiniki
Afrikaans: weinig
Old High German: wēnag
Middle High German: weinic, wēnec
Alemannic German: wänng
Swabian: weng
Central Franconian: winnig
German: wenig
Luxembourgish: wéineg
Yiddish: ווייניק (veynik)

Gothic: 𐍅𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌰𐌷𐍃 (wainahs)

→ Proto-Finnic: *vainaga (see there for further descendants)


fawaz

fawizô (comparative)
fawistaz (superlative)
fawaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
fawai (masculine nominative plural strong)
fawō (feminine nominative singular strong)
fawôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
fawą (neuter nominative singular strong)
-at (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
fawō (neuter nominative plural strong)
fawanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
fawanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
fawǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
fawōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
fawą (accusative neuter singular strong)
-at (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
fawō (accusative neuter plural strong)
fawas (genitive masculine singular strong)
fawis (genitive masculine singular strong)
fawaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
fawaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
fawaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
fawas (genitive neuter singular strong)
fawis (genitive neuter singular strong)
fawaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
fawammai (dative masculine singular strong)
fawaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
fawaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
fawaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
fawammai (dative neuter singular strong)
fawaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
fawanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
fawaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
fawaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
fawaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
fawanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
fawaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)

Proto-West Germanic: *fau
Old English: fēaw, fēawa, fēawe, fēa
Middle English: fewe, feawe, feu
English: few
Scots: feu, fyow
Yola: vew
Old Frisian: fē
Old Saxon: faho, fā, fō
Old High German: fao, fō, fōh

Old Norse: fár

Icelandic: fár

Faroese: fáur

Norwegian Bokmål: få

Norwegian Nynorsk: få

Old Swedish: fār

Swedish: få

Danish: få

Gothic: 𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍃 (faus)


kunþaz

*kunþaz (a-stem)

kunþaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
kunþai (masculine nominative plural strong)
kunþō (feminine nominative singular strong)
kunþôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
kunþą (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
kunþō (neuter nominative plural strong)
kunþanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
kunþanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
kunþǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
kunþōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
kunþą (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
kunþō (accusative neuter plural strong)
kunþas (genitive masculine singular strong)
-is (genitive masculine singular strong)
kunþaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
kunþaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
kunþaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
kunþas (genitive neuter singular strong)
-is (genitive neuter singular strong)
kunþaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
kunþammai (dative masculine singular strong)
kunþaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
kunþaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
kunþaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
kunþammai (dative neuter singular strong)
kunþaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
kunþanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
kunþaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
kunþaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
kunþaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
kunþanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
kunþaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
kunþô (masculine nominative singular weak)
kunþaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
kunþǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
kunþōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
kunþô (neuter nominative singular weak)
kunþōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
kunþanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
kunþanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
kunþōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
kunþōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
kunþô (accusative neuter singular weak)
kunþōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
kunþiniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
kunþanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
kunþōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
kunþōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
kunþiniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
kunþanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
kunþini (dative masculine singular weak)
kunþammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
kunþōni (dative feminine singular weak)
kunþōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
kunþini (dative neuter singular weak)
kunþammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
kunþinē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
kunþammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
kunþōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
kunþōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
kunþinē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
kunþammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

Proto-West Germanic: *kunþ
Old English: cūþ
Scots: couth
English: couth
Old Frisian: kūth
Saterland Frisian: cut
Old Saxon: kūth, *kunth
Middle Low German: kunt
Old Dutch: cunt
Middle Dutch: cont
Dutch: kond
Old High German: kund
Middle High German: kunt
German: kund

Old Norse: kunnr, kuðr

Icelandic: kunnur, kuður

Faroese: kunnur

Old Swedish: kunder

Swedish: kund

Old Danish:

Danish: kund

Gothic: 𐌺𐌿𐌽𐌸𐍃 (kunþs)

*kunnaną (“to know”) + *-þaz. See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
From Pre-Germanic *ǵń̥h₃tos, via unexplained accent shift from Proto-Indo-European *ǵn̥h₃tós.


managaz

managizô (comparative)
managistaz (superlative)
managaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
managai (masculine nominative plural strong)
managō (feminine nominative singular strong)
managôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
managą (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
managō (neuter nominative plural strong)
managanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
managanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
managǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
managōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
managą (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
managō (accusative neuter plural strong)
managas (genitive masculine singular strong)
-is (genitive masculine singular strong)
managaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
managaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
managaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
managas (genitive neuter singular strong)
-is (genitive neuter singular strong)
managaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
managammai (dative masculine singular strong)
managaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
managaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
managaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
managammai (dative neuter singular strong)
managaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
managanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
managaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
managaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
managaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
managanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
managaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
managô (masculine nominative singular weak)
managaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
managǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
managōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
managô (neuter nominative singular weak)
managōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
managanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
managanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
managōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
managōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
managô (accusative neuter singular weak)
managōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
managiniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
managanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
managōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
managōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
managiniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
managanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
managini (dative masculine singular weak)
managammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
managōni (dative feminine singular weak)
managōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
managini (dative neuter singular weak)
managammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
managinē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
managammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
managōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
managōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
managinē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
managammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

*managaz (a-stem)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *manag
Old English: maniġ, maneġ, moniġ, mæniġ
Middle English: mani, mane, magnie, maini, mainie, mange, manie, manige, maniȝ, many, meine, meni, menie, monei, moni, monie, moniȝ, mony, myny
English: many
Geordie English: mony
Scots: mony, monie
Yola: many
Old Frisian: monech, manich, monich, manch
North Frisian: manag, manig, mäning
Saterland Frisian: manich, moonige, moonich
West Frisian: mannich
Old Saxon: manag, maneg
Middle Low German: mannich, mennich
Low German: männich
German Low German: männig, mennig, meng
Old Dutch: manag, *menig
Middle Dutch: mēneg, mānig, mēnig
Dutch: menig
Afrikaans: menig
Old High German: manag, manac
Middle High German: manec, manic, menic
Alemannic German: meng
Central Franconian: mannich, männich (older Ripuarian variant)
German: mannig (in compounds), manch
Luxembourgish: munch

Old Norse: mangr

Faroese: mangur

Norwegian Bokmål: mang, mange

Norwegian Nynorsk: mang, mange

Old Swedish: manger

Swedish: mången

Old Danish: manygh

Danish: mangen

⇒ Old Norse: margr (possibly)
Icelandic: margur
Faroese: margur
Old Swedish: margher, marghin
Swedish: marg
Old Danish: margh
→ English: marra, marrow (dialectal)

Gothic: 𐌼𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌲𐍃 (manags)

Likely from a substrate language of northwestern Europe. Or from Proto-Indo-European *méǵh₂- (“large”) with a nasal infix. Proto-Celtic *menekkis, Proto-Slavic *mъnogъ, Proto-Finno-Permic *mone are probably from the same source; according to Watkins, the Germanic, Slavic, and Celtic terms could all stem from a late (Northwestern) Proto-Indo-European *monogʰos.


þiudiskaz

*þiudiskaz (a-stem)

þiudiskaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
þiudiskai (masculine nominative plural strong)
þiudiskō (feminine nominative singular strong)
þiudiskôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
þiudiską (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
þiudiskō (neuter nominative plural strong)
þiudiskanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
þiudiskanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
þiudiskǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
þiudiskōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
þiudiską (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
þiudiskō (accusative neuter plural strong)
þiudiskas (genitive masculine singular strong)
-is (genitive masculine singular strong)
þiudiskaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
þiudiskaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
þiudiskaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
þiudiskas (genitive neuter singular strong)
-is (genitive neuter singular strong)
þiudiskaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
þiudiskammai (dative masculine singular strong)
þiudiskaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
þiudiskaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
þiudiskaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
þiudiskammai (dative neuter singular strong)
þiudiskaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
þiudiskanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
þiudiskaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
þiudiskaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
þiudiskaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
þiudiskanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
þiudiskaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
þiudiskô (masculine nominative singular weak)
þiudiskaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
þiudiskǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
þiudiskōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
þiudiskô (neuter nominative singular weak)
þiudiskōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
þiudiskanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
þiudiskanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
þiudiskōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
þiudiskōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
þiudiskô (accusative neuter singular weak)
þiudiskōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
þiudiskiniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
þiudiskanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
þiudiskōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
þiudiskōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
þiudiskiniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
þiudiskanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
þiudiskini (dative masculine singular weak)
þiudiskammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
þiudiskōni (dative feminine singular weak)
þiudiskōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
þiudiskini (dative neuter singular weak)
þiudiskammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
þiudiskinē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
þiudiskammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
þiudiskōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
þiudiskōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
þiudiskinē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
þiudiskammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

Proto-West Germanic: *þiudisk
Old English: þēodisc
Middle English: thedisch, þedisch, þeodisc
→ English: thedish, theodish (learned)
Old Frisian: thiōsk
West Frisian: Tsjutsk (“German”) (obsolete)
Old Saxon: thiudisk
Middle Low German: düdesch
Low German:
German Low German:
Altmärkisch: dütsch
Bremisch: dütsch
Dithmarsisch: dütsch
Hamburgisch: dütsch, düütsch
Eastphalian: duitsch
Westphalian:
Münsterländisch: dütsk; Dütsk
Osnabrückisch: düütsk
Lippisch: duitsk
Paderbornisch: duitsk
Ravensbergisch: duütsk
Sauerländer-Märkisch: duͤdsk
Sauerländisch: duitsk
Westmünsterländisch: düüts, düütsk
Plautdietsch: dietsch
→ Saterland Frisian: düütsk
Old Dutch: *thiudisc
Middle Dutch: dietsch, duutsch
Dutch: Diets (“Middle Dutch”)
Dutch: Duits (“German”)
Afrikaans: Duits
Negerhollands: dutsch
→? Japanese: ドイツ (Doitsu)
→ English: Doitsu
→ Korean: 독일 (dogil)
Limburgish: Dutsj
→ Middle English: Duch, Duche, Deuche, Dusche, Dewche, Dowche, duch, duche, deuche, dusche
English: Dutch
Scots: Dutch
→ West Frisian: Dútsk
Old High German: diutisk, diutisc
Middle High German: diutsc
Alemannic German: tüütsch, dütsch, düütsch, Dütsch, Ditsch, Dytsch
Swabian: deitsch, daitsch
Walser: töitsch, titsch, tittschu, titzsch
Bavarian: daitsch, deitsch, taitsch
Cimbrian: tòiz, tauč, taütsch, taütsch
Gottscheerish: taitš
Mòcheno: taitsch
Central Franconian: dütsch, döksch, deitsch
Hunsrik: Deitsch, taytx
Kölsch: duetsch
East Central German: deitsch
Silesian East Central German: deitsch, doitsch (Glätzisch)
Upper Saxon German: Deitsch, deidsch
German: deutsch; Deutsch
→ English: Deutsch
→ Mandarin: 德意志 (Déyìzhì)
→ Cantonese: 德意志 (dak1 ji3 zi3)
Luxembourgish: däitsch; Däitsch
Rhine Franconian: daitsch, deitsch
Pennsylvania German: deitsch; Deitsch
Vilamovian: daojć
Yiddish: דײַטש (daytsh), טײַטש (taytsh)
Latin: theodiscus, theotiscus, thiotiscus
French: thiois, tudesque
Friulian: todesc
Italian: tedesco
Ladin: tudësch
Portuguese: tedesco
Romanian: tudesc
Romansch: tudestg
Sardinian: tedescu
Sicilian: tudiscu
Spanish: tudesco
Venetian: todesco

Old Norse: þýzkr, þýskr, þýðskr, þýðiskr
Icelandic: þýskur
Faroese: týskur
Norwegian Nynorsk: tysk, tydsk
Old Swedish: þȳþisker, þȳzker
Swedish: tysk
→ Elfdalian: tysk
Old Danish: thȳthæsk, thȳzk
Danish: tysk
Norwegian Bokmål: tysk
Scanian: týzker
Gutnish: töiskar
→ Northern Sami: Duiska (from a Germanic, probably North Germanic, language)

⇒ Old Norse: þýðverskr, þýðerskr, þýðeskr
Icelandic: þýðverskur

Gothic: *𐌸𐌹𐌿𐌳𐌹𐍃𐌺𐍃 (*þiudisks) (in 𐌸𐌹𐌿𐌳𐌹𐍃𐌺𐍉 (þiudiskō, adverb))

desc

→ Medieval Latin: theodiscus, theotiscus, thiotiscus (see there for further descendants)


hwītaz

*hwītaz (a-stem)

hwītaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
hwītai (masculine nominative plural strong)
hwītō (feminine nominative singular strong)
hwītôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
hwītą (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
hwītō (neuter nominative plural strong)
hwītanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
hwītanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
hwītǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
hwītōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
hwītą (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
hwītō (accusative neuter plural strong)
hwītas (genitive masculine singular strong)
-is (genitive masculine singular strong)
hwītaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
hwītaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
hwītaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
hwītas (genitive neuter singular strong)
-is (genitive neuter singular strong)
hwītaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
hwītammai (dative masculine singular strong)
hwītaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
hwītaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
hwītaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
hwītammai (dative neuter singular strong)
hwītaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
hwītanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
hwītaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
hwītaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
hwītaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
hwītanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
hwītaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
hwītô (masculine nominative singular weak)
hwītaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
hwītǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
hwītōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
hwītô (neuter nominative singular weak)
hwītōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
hwītanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
hwītanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
hwītōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
hwītōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
hwītô (accusative neuter singular weak)
hwītōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
hwītiniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
hwītanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
hwītōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
hwītōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
hwītiniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
hwītanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
hwītini (dative masculine singular weak)
hwītammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
hwītōni (dative feminine singular weak)
hwītōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
hwītini (dative neuter singular weak)
hwītammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
hwītinē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
hwītammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
hwītōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
hwītōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
hwītinē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
hwītammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *hwīt
Old English: hwīt
Middle English: whit, hwit, white, whyte, whitt, whytt, whyt, whiȝt, qwyght, ȝwijt, wyghte, whiyt, whijt
English: white (see there for further descendants)
Scots: quhite, fyte, fite, whyte, white
Yola: whit
Old Frisian: hwīt, wīt
North Frisian: wit, witj
Saterland Frisian: wiet
West Frisian: wyt
Old Saxon: hwīt
Middle Low German: wit
German Low German: witt
Low German: witt
Plautdietsch: witt
Old Dutch: wīt
Middle Dutch: wit
Dutch: wit
Afrikaans: wit
Limburgish: wiet
Old High German: wīz
Middle High German: wīz, wīs
Alemannic German: wiiss
Italian Walser: wiss, wéiss
Bavarian:
Cimbrian: baiz, baizz, bais
Mòcheno: bais
Udinese: bais, baiss
Central Franconian: wieß
Kirchröadsj Ripuarian: wies
German: weiß
Luxembourgish: wäiss
Rhine Franconian:
Pennsylvania German: weiss
Vilamovian: wȧjs
Yiddish: ווײַס (vays)

Old Norse: hvítr
Icelandic: hvítur
Faroese: hvítur
Norn: hvid
Norwegian Nynorsk: kvit, (dialectal) kvit’u, kvit’e
→ Norwegian Bokmål: kvit
Elfdalian: wait
Old Swedish: hvīter
Swedish: vit, hvit (pre-1906 spelling)
Danish: hvid
Norwegian Bokmål: hvit
Old Gutnish: huit
Gutnish: veitar, veita, veit

Gothic: 𐍈𐌴𐌹𐍄𐍃 (ƕeits)

⇒ Crimean Gothic: wichtgata

Kroonen notes a possible derivation from Proto-Indo-European *ḱweytōr, genitive *ḱwitnós, a heteroclitic byform of *ḱweytos (“bright; shine”). The oblique stem, used to form *ḱwitnós would create a voiceless geminate stop tt assuming Kluge's law, which would be reduced to a single t after the heavy first syllable once the consonantism was analogically extended to other cases. Compare Proto-Slavic *světъ.


swartaz

*swartaz (a-stem)

swartaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
swartai (masculine nominative plural strong)
swartō (feminine nominative singular strong)
swartôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
swartą (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
swartō (neuter nominative plural strong)
swartanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
swartanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
swartǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
swartōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
swartą (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
swartō (accusative neuter plural strong)
swartas (genitive masculine singular strong)
-is (genitive masculine singular strong)
swartaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
swartaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
swartaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
swartas (genitive neuter singular strong)
-is (genitive neuter singular strong)
swartaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
swartammai (dative masculine singular strong)
swartaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
swartaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
swartaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
swartammai (dative neuter singular strong)
swartaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
swartanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
swartaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
swartaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
swartaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
swartanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
swartaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
swartô (masculine nominative singular weak)
swartaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
swartǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
swartōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
swartô (neuter nominative singular weak)
swartōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
swartanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
swartanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
swartōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
swartōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
swartô (accusative neuter singular weak)
swartōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
swartiniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
swartanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
swartōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
swartōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
swartiniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
swartanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
swartini (dative masculine singular weak)
swartammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
swartōni (dative feminine singular weak)
swartōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
swartini (dative neuter singular weak)
swartammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
swartinē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
swartammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
swartōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
swartōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
swartinē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
swartammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

Proto-West Germanic: *swart
Old English: sweart, swart, swært
Middle English: swart
English: swart, swarth
Scots: swart
Old Frisian: swart, swert
North Frisian: suart, suurt
Saterland Frisian: swot, swoot
West Frisian: swart
Old Saxon: swart
Middle Low German: swart
Low German:
German Low German: swart, schwart
Hamburgisch: swatt
Westphalian:
Münsterländisch: swatt
Paderbornisch: schwart
Lippisch: schwart
Ravensbergisch: swārt, swat
Sauerländisch: schwart, schwatt, schwuat, schwoart, schwuart, schwoert
Westmünsterländisch: schwatt, schwott, schwart
→ German: schwatt
Plautdietsch: schwoat
→ Danish: sværte (“black dye”)
Old Dutch: *swart
Middle Dutch: swart
Dutch: zwart
Afrikaans: swart
Limburgish: zwart
West Flemish: zwort
Old High German: swarz
Middle High German: swarz
Alemannic German:
Alsatian: schwàrz
Swabian: schwardds
Bavarian: schwoarz
Cimbrian: sbartz
Mòcheno: schbòrz
Central Franconian: schwatz, zjwats
Hunsrik: schwarz
German: schwarz
Luxembourgish: schwaarz
Rhine Franconian:
Hessian: schwoaz
Pennsylvania German: schwatz
Vilamovian: świöc
Yiddish: שוואַרץ (shvarts)

Old Norse: svartr
Icelandic: svartur
Faroese: svartur
Norn: svart
Norwegian Nynorsk: svart, (dialectal) svart’u, svart’e
→ Norwegian Bokmål: svart
Elfdalian: swart
Old Swedish: svarter, svorter
Swedish: svart
Scanian: svárter
Old Danish: swart, swort, sort
Danish: sort
Norwegian Bokmål: sort
Gutnish: svartar

Gothic: 𐍃𐍅𐌰𐍂𐍄𐍃 (swarts)

From Proto-Indo-European *swerd- (“dirty, dark, black”) (compare Latin sordēs, Russian сор (sor) and Northern Kurdish xwelî).


blēwaz

*blēwaz (a-stem)

blēwaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
blēwai (masculine nominative plural strong)
blēwō (feminine nominative singular strong)
blēwôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
blēwą (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
blēwō (neuter nominative plural strong)
blēwanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
blēwanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
blēwǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
blēwōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
blēwą (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
blēwō (accusative neuter plural strong)
blēwas (genitive masculine singular strong)
-is (genitive masculine singular strong)
blēwaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
blēwaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
blēwaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
blēwas (genitive neuter singular strong)
-is (genitive neuter singular strong)
blēwaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
blēwammai (dative masculine singular strong)
blēwaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
blēwaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
blēwaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
blēwammai (dative neuter singular strong)
blēwaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
blēwanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
blēwaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
blēwaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
blēwaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
blēwanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
blēwaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
blēwô (masculine nominative singular weak)
blēwaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
blēwǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
blēwōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
blēwô (neuter nominative singular weak)
blēwōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
blēwanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
blēwanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
blēwōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
blēwōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
blēwô (accusative neuter singular weak)
blēwōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
blēwiniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
blēwanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
blēwōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
blēwōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
blēwiniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
blēwanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
blēwini (dative masculine singular weak)
blēwammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
blēwōni (dative feminine singular weak)
blēwōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
blēwini (dative neuter singular weak)
blēwammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
blēwinē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
blēwammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
blēwōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
blēwōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
blēwinē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
blēwammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *blāu
Old English: blāw, blēo, *blǣ(w) (only attested with i-mutation in blǣhǣwen and blǣwen), possibly in placenames (Blauuefelda , Blafelda, Blowedoune, Blouhulle)
Middle English: bloo, blo
English: blow
Old Frisian: blāu, blāw
North Frisian: bla, blö
Saterland Frisian: blau
West Frisian: blau
Old Saxon: blāo, blāu
Middle Low German: blâ, blâw, blauwe
Low German: blau, blaag, bloe (dialectal)
Dutch Low Saxon: blauw
German Low German: blaag, blag, blau, blaug, blo', blao
Plautdietsch: bleiw
Old Dutch: *blāo
Middle Dutch: blau
Dutch: blauw
Afrikaans: blou
Berbice Creole Dutch: blau
Jersey Dutch: blāu
Negerhollands: blauw, blou, blau
Petjo: blaoe, blauw, blauwe
→ Lokono: barautho
→ Caribbean Hindustani: bláu
→ Indonesian: belau
→ Papiamentu: blou, blaauw
→ Sranan Tongo: blaw
Aukan: baaw
→ Caribbean Javanese: blau
→ Saramaccan: baáu
→ Warao: hebulau, jeburau
Limburgish: blów
Old High German: blāo
Middle High German: blā
Alemannic German: blaaw
Bavarian:
Cimbrian: plabe
Gottscheerish: blūb
Central Franconian: bloo, blau
Hunsrik: blau
Luxembourgish: blo
German: blau
Rhine Franconian:
Pennsylvania German: bloh
Vilamovian: błöw
Yiddish: בלאָ (blo), בלוי (bloy)
→ Spanish: blao
→ Old French: bloe, blou, bleu, blu, blef, bleve
Bourguignon: blieu
Middle French: bleu
French: bleu
Haitian Creole: ble
→ Greek: μπλε (ble)
→ Italian: blu
→ Ladino: blu
Louisiana Creole: blé, ble
→ Dutch: bleu
Norman: bliû (Jersey), bllu, blleu
Walloon: bleu, bleuwe, blåwe
→ Middle English: blewe, blew, bleu, blue, blwe, blw, blyu
Scots: blew, blue
English: blue, blew, blewe (obsolete)
Tok Pisin: blu
→ Fiji Hindi: bulu
→ Shona: bhuluu
→ Somali: buluug
→ Swahili: bluu, buluu
→ Tooro: bururu
→ Sicilian: blu
→ Vulgar Latin: blāvus (see there for further descendants)

Old Norse: blár
Icelandic: blár
Faroese: bláur
Norn: blå
Norwegian Nynorsk: blå; (dialectal) blår, blår’e, blå’u
Norwegian Bokmål: blå
Jamtish: błá
Elfdalian: blå
Old Swedish: blār
Swedish: blå
Old Danish: blā
Danish: blå
Gutnish: blåar, blaar
Scanian: bláer
→ Middle English: bla, blaa, blo, bloo
Scots: blae, bla
English: blae

From Pre-Germanic *bʰleh₁wos, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰleh₁-. Kroonen reconstructs an ablauting u-stem, *bʰléh₁-, *bʰl̥h₁- in order to reconcile the vowels of the Germanic word with Latin flāvus (“yellow”).


grōniz

grōnizô (comparative)
grōnistaz (superlative)
grōniz (masculine nominative singular strong)
grōnijai (masculine nominative plural strong)
grōnī (feminine nominative singular strong)
grōnijôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
grōnį (neuter nominative singular strong)
-jatō (neuter nominative singular strong)
grōnijō (neuter nominative plural strong)
grōnijanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
grōnijanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
grōnijǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
grōnijōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
grōnį (accusative neuter singular strong)
-jatō (accusative neuter singular strong)
grōnijō (accusative neuter plural strong)
grōnijas (genitive masculine singular strong)
grōnīs (genitive masculine singular strong)
grōnijaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
grōnijaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
grōnijaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
grōnijas (genitive neuter singular strong)
grōnīs (genitive neuter singular strong)
grōnijaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
grōnijammai (dative masculine singular strong)
grōnijaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
grōnijaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
grōnijaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
grōnijammai (dative neuter singular strong)
grōnijaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
grōnijanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
grōnijaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
grōnijaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
grōnijaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
grōnijanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
grōnijaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
grōnijô (masculine nominative singular weak)
grōnijaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
grōnijǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
grōnijōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
grōnijô (neuter nominative singular weak)
grōnijōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
grōnijanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
grōnijanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
grōnijōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
grōnijōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
grōnijô (accusative neuter singular weak)
grōnijōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
grōnīniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
grōnijanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
grōnijōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
grōnijōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
grōnīniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
grōnijanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
grōnīni (dative masculine singular weak)
grōnijammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
grōnijōni (dative feminine singular weak)
grōnijōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
grōnīni (dative neuter singular weak)
grōnijammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
grōnīnē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
grōnijammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
grōnijōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
grōnijōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
grōnīnē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
grōnijammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

Proto-West Germanic: *grōnī
Old English: grēne
Middle English: grene, greene
English: green (see there for further descendants)
Scots: green
Yola: green
Old Frisian: grēne
North Frisian:
Föhr-Amrum: green
Saterland Frisian: gräin
West Frisian: grien
Old Saxon: grōni
Middle Low German: grōne, gröne
Low German: grön, gröön, green
Plautdietsch: jreen
→ Polabian: grönĕ
Old Dutch: gruoni
Middle Dutch: groene
Dutch: groen
Afrikaans: groen
Berbice Creole Dutch: grun
Negerhollands: groen, grun
Skepi Creole Dutch: gruin
Sranan Tongo: grun
Aukan: guun
Saramaccan: guúun
Limburgish: greun, gruuen
West Flemish: groene
Old High German: gruoni
Middle High German: grüene
Alemannic German: grüen
Swabian: grea, grien
Walser: geriénts, grien, gréén, grün
Bavarian: grian, grea
Apeltonerisch: gria
Cimbrian: gruan, grümma, grüun
Mòcheno: grea'
Central Franconian: jrön, green, grien
Hunsrik: grien
Luxembourgish: gréng
East Central German:
Upper Saxon German:
Vilamovian: grin
East Franconian:
German: grün
Rhine Franconian: grie, grien, griene
Frankfurterisch: IPA [kʀĩː]
Pennsylvania German: grie
Yiddish: גרין (grin)

Old Norse: grǿnn
Icelandic: grænn
Faroese: grønur
Norn: grøn
Norwegian Nynorsk: grøn; (dialectal) grøn’u, grøn’e
Norwegian Bokmål: grønn
Elfdalian: gryön
Old Swedish: grø̄n
Swedish: grön
Danish: grøn
Gutnish: gröinar

→ Proto-Samic: *(k)ruonë
Western Samic:
Southern Sami: kroenes
Lule Sami: ruodnat / ruoddnis, ruonas
Northern Sami: ruonas
Eastern Samic:
Inari Sami: ruonâs
Skolt Sami: ruânn
Kildin Sami: руэнн (ruenn)
Ter Sami: rïenn

From Pre-Germanic *groh₁-ni-s, from Proto-Indo-European *gʰreh₁- (“to grow, become green”).


skauniz

skaunizô (comparative)
skaunistaz (superlative)
skauniz (masculine nominative singular strong)
skaunijai (masculine nominative plural strong)
skaunī (feminine nominative singular strong)
skaunijôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
skaunį (neuter nominative singular strong)
-jatō (neuter nominative singular strong)
skaunijō (neuter nominative plural strong)
skaunijanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
skaunijanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
skaunijǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
skaunijōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
skaunį (accusative neuter singular strong)
-jatō (accusative neuter singular strong)
skaunijō (accusative neuter plural strong)
skaunijas (genitive masculine singular strong)
skaunīs (genitive masculine singular strong)
skaunijaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
skaunijaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
skaunijaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
skaunijas (genitive neuter singular strong)
skaunīs (genitive neuter singular strong)
skaunijaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
skaunijammai (dative masculine singular strong)
skaunijaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
skaunijaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
skaunijaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
skaunijammai (dative neuter singular strong)
skaunijaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
skaunijanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
skaunijaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
skaunijaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
skaunijaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
skaunijanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
skaunijaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
skaunijô (masculine nominative singular weak)
skaunijaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
skaunijǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
skaunijōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
skaunijô (neuter nominative singular weak)
skaunijōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
skaunijanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
skaunijanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
skaunijōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
skaunijōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
skaunijô (accusative neuter singular weak)
skaunijōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
skaunīniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
skaunijanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
skaunijōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
skaunijōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
skaunīniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
skaunijanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
skaunīni (dative masculine singular weak)
skaunijammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
skaunijōni (dative feminine singular weak)
skaunijōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
skaunīni (dative neuter singular weak)
skaunijammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
skaunīnē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
skaunijammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
skaunijōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
skaunijōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
skaunīnē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
skaunijammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *skaunī
Old English: sċīene, sċēne, sċēone, sċīne, sċīone, sċȳne
Middle English: schene, schen, schone, shone
English: sheen
Scots: schene, scheine
Old Frisian: skēne
North Frisian: schien
Saterland Frisian: skeen
West Frisian: skjin
Old Saxon: skōni
Middle Low German: schö̂ne
Low German: schöön
Altmärkisch: schön
Bremisch: schön (substantivised: (dat) Schöne n)
Dithmarsisch: schön
Hamburgisch: scheun
Mecklenburgisch-Vorpommersch: schön
Ostfälisch: schöne (schön)
Westfälisch:
Lippisch: scheun
Münsterländisch: schön
Paderbornisch: schoin
Ravensbergisch: schåün
Sauerländisch: schoine, scho̊n
Westmünsterländisch: schöön
Plautdietsch: scheen
→ Old Swedish: skön
Swedish: skön
→ Danish: skøn
→ Norwegian Bokmål: skjønn
→ Norwegian Nynorsk: skjønn
Old Dutch: scōni
Middle Dutch: schône
Dutch: schoon
Afrikaans: skoon
→ West Frisian: skoan
Limburgish: sjoen, sjoean, sjuun, sjun
Old High German: scōni
Middle High German: schœne
Bavarian: schee
Cimbrian: söon, schümma (Luserna)
Mòcheno: schea'
Central Franconian: schün
Hunsrik: scheen
East Central German:
Silesian East Central German: scheene
Volhynian German: scheen
East Franconian: schee
German: schön
→ Central Franconian: schön, schien
Luxembourgish: schéin
Rhine Franconian:
Hessian: schee
Palatine German: schee, schää, schään
Pennsylvania German: schee
Yiddish: שיין (sheyn)

Gothic: 𐍃𐌺𐌰𐌿𐌽𐍃 (skauns)

→ Proto-Finnic: *kaunis (see there for further descendants)

From Pre-Germanic *skowh₁nis, a verbal adjective originally meaning "watchable", derived from a lost strong verb *skawaną, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kewh₁- (“to perceive, pay attention”).


triwwiz

triwwizô (comparative)
triwwistaz (superlative)
triwwiz (masculine nominative singular strong)
triwwijai (masculine nominative plural strong)
triwwī (feminine nominative singular strong)
triwwijôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
triwwį (neuter nominative singular strong)
-jatō (neuter nominative singular strong)
triwwijō (neuter nominative plural strong)
triwwijanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
triwwijanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
triwwijǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
triwwijōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
triwwį (accusative neuter singular strong)
-jatō (accusative neuter singular strong)
triwwijō (accusative neuter plural strong)
triwwijas (genitive masculine singular strong)
triwwīs (genitive masculine singular strong)
triwwijaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
triwwijaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
triwwijaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
triwwijas (genitive neuter singular strong)
triwwīs (genitive neuter singular strong)
triwwijaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
triwwijammai (dative masculine singular strong)
triwwijaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
triwwijaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
triwwijaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
triwwijammai (dative neuter singular strong)
triwwijaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
triwwijanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
triwwijaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
triwwijaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
triwwijaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
triwwijanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
triwwijaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
triwwijô (masculine nominative singular weak)
triwwijaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
triwwijǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
triwwijōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
triwwijô (neuter nominative singular weak)
triwwijōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
triwwijanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
triwwijanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
triwwijōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
triwwijōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
triwwijô (accusative neuter singular weak)
triwwijōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
triwwīniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
triwwijanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
triwwijōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
triwwijōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
triwwīniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
triwwijanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
triwwīni (dative masculine singular weak)
triwwijammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
triwwijōni (dative feminine singular weak)
triwwijōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
triwwīni (dative neuter singular weak)
triwwijammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
triwwīnē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
triwwijammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
triwwijōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
triwwijōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
triwwīnē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
triwwijammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *triuwī
Old English: trīewe, trēowe
Middle English: treowe, trewe
Scots: trew
English: true
Old Frisian: triūwe, triōwe
Saterland Frisian: trjou
West Frisian: trou
Old Saxon: triuwi
Low German: truu
Plautdietsch: tru
Low German: treu
Old Dutch: *triuwi
Middle Dutch: trouwe
Dutch: trouw
Afrikaans: trou
Old High German: triuwi
Middle High German: triuwe
Alemannic German: trüüw
German: treu
Luxembourgish: trei

Old Norse: tryggr

Icelandic: tryggur

Faroese: tryggur

Norwegian: trygg

Old Swedish: trygger

Swedish: trygg

Danish: tryg

→ Middle English: trig

Scots: trig

English: trig

Gothic: 𐍄𐍂𐌹𐌲𐌲𐍅𐍃 (triggws)

From Proto-Indo-European *drew-, *deru- (“firm, hard, solid, faithful, true”).


mikilaz

maizô (comparative)
maistaz (superlative)
mikilaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
mikilai (masculine nominative plural strong)
mikilō (feminine nominative singular strong)
mikilôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
mikilą (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
mikilō (neuter nominative plural strong)
mikilanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
mikilanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
mikilǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
mikilōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
mikilą (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
mikilō (accusative neuter plural strong)
mikilas (genitive masculine singular strong)
-is (genitive masculine singular strong)
mikilaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
mikilaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
mikilaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
mikilas (genitive neuter singular strong)
-is (genitive neuter singular strong)
mikilaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
mikilammai (dative masculine singular strong)
mikilaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
mikilaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
mikilaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
mikilammai (dative neuter singular strong)
mikilaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
mikilanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
mikilaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
mikilaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
mikilaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
mikilanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
mikilaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
mikilô (masculine nominative singular weak)
mikilaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
mikilǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
mikilōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
mikilô (neuter nominative singular weak)
mikilōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
mikilanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
mikilanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
mikilōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
mikilōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
mikilô (accusative neuter singular weak)
mikilōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
mikiliniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
mikilanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
mikilōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
mikilōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
mikiliniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
mikilanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
mikilini (dative masculine singular weak)
mikilammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
mikilōni (dative feminine singular weak)
mikilōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
mikilini (dative neuter singular weak)
mikilammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
mikilinē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
mikilammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
mikilōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
mikilōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
mikilinē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
mikilammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

*mikilaz (a-stem)

Proto-West Germanic: *mikil
Old English: miċel, myċel, micil
Middle English: muchel, michel, mickle, mikel, mochel, mochell, mukel, muche (apocopated form)
English: much
Geordie English: mickle, muckle
Scots: mickle, mikil, mekil, mukill, muckle
Yola: mucha, muche, much
Old Saxon: mikil
Middle Low German: mēkel, mikel, michel
⇒ Middle Low German: Mēkelenborch
German Low German: Mękelnborg
→ German: Mecklenburg, Meklenburg , Meckelnburg, Mekelnburg, Meckelenburg
Old Dutch: mikil
Middle Dutch: mēkel
Dutch: mekel (archaic)
Old High German: mihhil
Middle High German: michel
German: michel
→ Middle Low German: michel

Old Norse: mikill
Icelandic: mikill
Faroese: mikil
Norn: mikkel, mukkel
Norwegian Nynorsk: mykjen, myken (-n from acc. mikinn)
Old Swedish: mykil, mykin
Swedish: mycken (archaic)
Old Danish: mikin
Danish: megen
Norwegian Bokmål: megen
⇒ Old Norse: mikit n
Icelandic: mikið
Faroese: mikið
Norwegian Nynorsk: mykje, myket; (dialectal) mykji, mikje
Norwegian Bokmål: mye
Old Swedish: mykit
Swedish: mycket n
Old Danish: mikit n
Danish: meget
Norwegian Bokmål: meget

Gothic: 𐌼𐌹𐌺𐌹𐌻𐍃 (mikils)

From Proto-Indo-European *méǵh₂s (“big, great”) + *-ilaz. The suffix may have been added due to analogy with *lītilaz/*lūtilaz (“little”), but it also might be old: compare Proto-Celtic *maglos and Ancient Greek μεγᾰ́λος (megálos).


lītilaz

minnizô (comparative)
minnistaz (superlative)
lītilaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
lītilai (masculine nominative plural strong)
lītilō (feminine nominative singular strong)
lītilôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
lītilą (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
lītilō (neuter nominative plural strong)
lītilanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
lītilanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
lītilǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
lītilōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
lītilą (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
lītilō (accusative neuter plural strong)
lītilas (genitive masculine singular strong)
-is (genitive masculine singular strong)
lītilaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
lītilaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
lītilaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
lītilas (genitive neuter singular strong)
-is (genitive neuter singular strong)
lītilaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
lītilammai (dative masculine singular strong)
lītilaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
lītilaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
lītilaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
lītilammai (dative neuter singular strong)
lītilaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
lītilanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
lītilaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
lītilaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
lītilaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
lītilanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
lītilaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
lītilô (masculine nominative singular weak)
lītilaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
lītilǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
lītilōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
lītilô (neuter nominative singular weak)
lītilōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
lītilanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
lītilanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
lītilōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
lītilōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
lītilô (accusative neuter singular weak)
lītilōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
lītiliniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
lītilanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
lītilōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
lītilōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
lītiliniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
lītilanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
lītilini (dative masculine singular weak)
lītilammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
lītilōni (dative feminine singular weak)
lītilōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
lītilini (dative neuter singular weak)
lītilammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
lītilinē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
lītilammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
lītilōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
lītilōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
lītilinē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
lītilammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

*lītilaz (a-stem)

desctree

Old Norse: lítill
Icelandic: lítill
Faroese: lítil
Norn: litel
Norwegian Nynorsk: liten
Elfdalian: litn
Old Swedish: lītil, lītin
Swedish: lilla, liten
Danish: lille, liden
Norwegian Bokmål: liten

Gothic: 𐌻𐌴𐌹𐍄𐌹𐌻𐍃 (leitils)

Crimean Gothic: lista

small, little (alternative form of *lūtilaz)


-gaz

*-gaz (a-stem)

-gaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
-gai (masculine nominative plural strong)
-gō (feminine nominative singular strong)
-gôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
-gą (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
-gō (neuter nominative plural strong)
-ganǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
-ganz (accusative masculine plural strong)
-gǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
-gōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
-gą (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
-gō (accusative neuter plural strong)
-gas (genitive masculine singular strong)
-is (genitive masculine singular strong)
-gaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
-gaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
-gaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
-gas (genitive neuter singular strong)
-is (genitive neuter singular strong)
-gaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
-gammai (dative masculine singular strong)
-gaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
-gaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
-gaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
-gammai (dative neuter singular strong)
-gaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
-ganō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
-gaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
-gaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
-gaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
-ganō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
-gaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
-gô (masculine nominative singular weak)
-ganiz (masculine nominative plural weak)
-gǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
-gōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
-gô (neuter nominative singular weak)
-gōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
-ganų (accusative masculine singular weak)
-ganunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
-gōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
-gōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
-gô (accusative neuter singular weak)
-gōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
-giniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
-ganǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
-gōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
-gōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
-giniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
-ganǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
-gini (dative masculine singular weak)
-gammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
-gōni (dative feminine singular weak)
-gōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
-gini (dative neuter singular weak)
-gammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
-ginē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
-gammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
-gōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
-gōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
-ginē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
-gammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

Proto-West Germanic: *-g, *-ag, *-ig, *-īg
Old English: -iġ, -iċ, -eġ
Middle English: -iȝ, -i, -y, -ich
English: -y, -ey, -ie
Scots: -ie
Old Frisian: -ich
Saterland Frisian: -ich
West Frisian: -ich
Old Saxon: -ag, -ig
Middle Low German: -ig, -ich
German Low German: -ig
Old Dutch: *-ag, -ig
Middle Dutch: -ich, -ech
Dutch: -ig
Old High German: -ag, -ig, -īg
Middle High German: -ig
German: -ig, -ich
Yiddish: ־יק (-ik), ־יג (-ig)
Luxembourgish: -eg

Old Norse: -agr, -igr, -ugr
Icelandic: -agur, -igur, -ugur
Faroese: -agur, -igur, -ugur
Norwegian: -ag, -ig, -ug
Swedish: -ig
Danish: -ig

Gothic: -𐌲𐍃 (-gs) (-𐌴𐌹𐌲𐍃 (-eigs), -𐌰𐌲𐍃 (-ags), -𐌰𐌷𐍃 (-ahs), -𐌿𐌲𐍃 (-ugs))

From Proto-Indo-European *-kos, *-ḱos. Cognates include Latin -cus, Ancient Greek -κός (-kós), Sanskrit -शस (-śasa), -कस (-kasa) and Old Church Slavonic -ъкъ (-ŭkŭ).

-y; forms adjectives from nouns and verbs with a sense of 'being, having, or doing'.


berhtaz

*berhtaz (a-stem)

berhtaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
berhtai (masculine nominative plural strong)
berhtō (feminine nominative singular strong)
berhtôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
berhtą (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
berhtō (neuter nominative plural strong)
berhtanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
berhtanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
berhtǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
berhtōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
berhtą (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
berhtō (accusative neuter plural strong)
berhtas (genitive masculine singular strong)
-is (genitive masculine singular strong)
berhtaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
berhtaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
berhtaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
berhtas (genitive neuter singular strong)
-is (genitive neuter singular strong)
berhtaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
berhtammai (dative masculine singular strong)
berhtaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
berhtaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
berhtaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
berhtammai (dative neuter singular strong)
berhtaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
berhtanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
berhtaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
berhtaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
berhtaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
berhtanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
berhtaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
berhtô (masculine nominative singular weak)
berhtaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
berhtǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
berhtōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
berhtô (neuter nominative singular weak)
berhtōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
berhtanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
berhtanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
berhtōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
berhtōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
berhtô (accusative neuter singular weak)
berhtōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
berhtiniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
berhtanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
berhtōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
berhtōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
berhtiniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
berhtanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
berhtini (dative masculine singular weak)
berhtammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
berhtōni (dative feminine singular weak)
berhtōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
berhtini (dative neuter singular weak)
berhtammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
berhtinē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
berhtammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
berhtōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
berhtōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
berhtinē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
berhtammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

Proto-West Germanic: *berht
Old English: beorht, berht — Mercian, bryht, byrht
Middle English: briht, briȝt, bright
English: bright
→ Icelandic: bræt
Geordie English: breet
Scots: bricht
Old Saxon: berht, beraht
⇒ Middle Low German: brecht m (“shine, brightness, glory”, noun)
Old Dutch: *berht
⇒ Old Dutch: filoberht (“very bright”)
⇒ Middle Dutch: onbrecht, ombrecht (“unclear”)
⇒ Middle Dutch: Brecht, Brechta, Bert, Berte (personal names)
Dutch: Brecht, Bert
Old High German: beraht, peraht
⇒ Old High German: giberaht
Middle High German: gebërht
Middle High German: bërht
⇒ German: Bert, Bert-, -bert, -brecht (in personal names)

Old Norse: bjartr
Icelandic: bjartur
Faroese: bjartur
Norwegian Nynorsk: bjart
Old Swedish: biærter
Swedish: bjärt
Danish: bjært, bært

Gothic: 𐌱𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌷𐍄𐍃 (bairhts)

From Pre-Germanic *bʰer(H)ǵtos, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰerHǵ- (“to shine”). Cognate with Proto-Celtic *berxtos.


bitraz

*bitraz (a-stem)

bitraz (masculine nominative singular strong)
bitrai (masculine nominative plural strong)
bitrō (feminine nominative singular strong)
bitrôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
bitrą (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
bitrō (neuter nominative plural strong)
bitranǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
bitranz (accusative masculine plural strong)
bitrǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
bitrōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
bitrą (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
bitrō (accusative neuter plural strong)
bitras (genitive masculine singular strong)
-is (genitive masculine singular strong)
bitraizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
bitraizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
bitraizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
bitras (genitive neuter singular strong)
-is (genitive neuter singular strong)
bitraizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
bitrammai (dative masculine singular strong)
bitraimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
bitraizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
bitraimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
bitrammai (dative neuter singular strong)
bitraimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
bitranō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
bitraimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
bitraizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
bitraimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
bitranō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
bitraimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
bitrô (masculine nominative singular weak)
bitraniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
bitrǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
bitrōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
bitrô (neuter nominative singular weak)
bitrōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
bitranų (accusative masculine singular weak)
bitranunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
bitrōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
bitrōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
bitrô (accusative neuter singular weak)
bitrōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
bitriniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
bitranǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
bitrōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
bitrōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
bitriniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
bitranǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
bitrini (dative masculine singular weak)
bitrammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
bitrōni (dative feminine singular weak)
bitrōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
bitrini (dative neuter singular weak)
bitrammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
bitrinē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
bitrammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
bitrōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
bitrōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
bitrinē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
bitrammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *bitr
Old English: biter, bitter
Middle English: bitter
Scots: bittir
English: bitter
Old Frisian: *bitter
Saterland Frisian: bitter
West Frisian: bitter
Old Saxon: bittar
Middle Low German: bitter
Low German: bitter
→ Danish: bitter
→ Swedish: bitter (partly)
→ Norwegian: bitter
Old Dutch: bitter
Middle Dutch: bitter
Dutch: bitter
Old High German: bittar, pittar
Middle High German: bitter, pitter
German: bitter
Luxembourgish: batter
Vilamovian: bytter
Yiddish: ביטער (biter)

Old Norse: bitr

Icelandic: bitur

Faroese: bitur

Old Swedish: biter, bitter, beter

Swedish: bitter (under Low German influence)

Danish: biderhvas (compound with *hwassaz)

From pre-Germanic *bʰidrós (“biting, splitting”), equivalent to *bītaną + *-raz.


anguz

angwizô (comparative)
angwistaz (superlative)
anguz (masculine nominative singular strong)
angwijai (masculine nominative plural strong)
angwī (feminine nominative singular strong)
angwijôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
angų (neuter nominative singular strong)
-jatō (neuter nominative singular strong)
angwijō (neuter nominative plural strong)
angwijanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
angwijanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
angwijǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
angwijōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
angų (accusative neuter singular strong)
-jatō (accusative neuter singular strong)
angwijō (accusative neuter plural strong)
angwijas (genitive masculine singular strong)
angwīs (genitive masculine singular strong)
angwijaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
angwijaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
angwijaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
angwijas (genitive neuter singular strong)
angwīs (genitive neuter singular strong)
angwijaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
angwijammai (dative masculine singular strong)
angwijaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
angwijaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
angwijaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
angwijammai (dative neuter singular strong)
angwijaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
angwijanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
angwijaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
angwijaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
angwijaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
angwijanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
angwijaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
angwijô (masculine nominative singular weak)
angwijaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
angwijǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
angwijōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
angwijô (neuter nominative singular weak)
angwijōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
angwijanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
angwijanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
angwijōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
angwijōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
angwijô (accusative neuter singular weak)
angwijōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
angwīniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
angwijanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
angwijōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
angwijōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
angwīniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
angwijanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
angwīni (dative masculine singular weak)
angwijammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
angwijōni (dative feminine singular weak)
angwijōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
angwīni (dative neuter singular weak)
angwijammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
angwīnē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
angwijammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
angwijōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
angwijōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
angwīnē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
angwijammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

Proto-West Germanic: *angī
Old English: ange, onge, ænge, enge
Middle English: ange
⇒ Old English: angnæġl
Middle English: agnail
English: agnail
⇒ English: hangnail (by folk etymology)
Scots: angernail, wrangnail, ragnail
Old Frisian: *enge
Saterland Frisian: ääng
West Frisian: ing
⇒ Old Frisian: angneil, ongneil
Old Saxon: engi
Middle Low German: enge
German Low German: eng
Old Dutch: *engi
Middle Dutch: enge
Dutch: eng
Afrikaans: eng
→? English: eng
Limburgish: ing
Old High German: engi, enge
Middle High German: enge
Cimbrian: énghe
German: eng
Hunsrik: eng
Luxembourgish: enk
Rhine Franconian: eng (Frankfurt)
Yiddish: ענג (eng)

Old Norse: ǫngr
Icelandic: öngur

Gothic: 𐌰𐌲𐌲𐍅𐌿𐍃 (aggwus)

From Proto-Indo-European *h₂énǵʰus, from *h₂enǵʰ-. Cognate with Latin angustus, Sanskrit अंहु (áṃhu), Proto-Slavic *ǫzъkъ (“narrow, tight”).