skelhaz

skelhaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
skelhai (masculine nominative plural strong)
skelhō (feminine nominative singular strong)
skelhôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
skelhą (neuter nominative singular strong)
-at (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
skelhō (neuter nominative plural strong)
skelhanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
skelhanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
skelhǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
skelhōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
skelhą (accusative neuter singular strong)
-at (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
skelhō (accusative neuter plural strong)
skelhas (genitive masculine singular strong)
skelhis (genitive masculine singular strong)
skelhaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
skelhaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
skelhaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
skelhas (genitive neuter singular strong)
skelhis (genitive neuter singular strong)
skelhaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
skelhammai (dative masculine singular strong)
skelhaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
skelhaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
skelhaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
skelhammai (dative neuter singular strong)
skelhaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
skelhanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
skelhaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
skelhaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
skelhaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
skelhanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
skelhaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
skelhô (masculine nominative singular weak)
skelhaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
skelhǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
skelhōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
skelhô (neuter nominative singular weak)
skelhōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
skelhanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
skelhanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
skelhōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
skelhōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
skelhô (accusative neuter singular weak)
skelhōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
skelhiniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
skelhanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
skelhōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
skelhōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
skelhiniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
skelhanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
skelhini (dative masculine singular weak)
skelhammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
skelhōni (dative feminine singular weak)
skelhōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
skelhini (dative neuter singular weak)
skelhammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
skelhinē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
skelhammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
skelhōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
skelhōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
skelhinē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
skelhammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *skelh
Old English: sċeolh, sċeol
⇒ Old English: sċeolhēagede, sċylhēagede, sċelgegede
Middle English: sculeiȝede
Old Saxon: *skelh, *skel
Middle Low German: schēle, schēl
→ German: scheel
Old Dutch: *skelh, *skel
Middle Dutch: schēel
Dutch: scheel
Afrikaans: skeel
Limburgish: sjael
Old High German: skelah
Middle High German: schelh, schelch, schel, schelwe, schelb
German: schelch (obsolete)

Old Norse: skjalgr

Icelandic: skjálgur

→ English: askile

From Proto-Indo-European *(s)kel- (“to lean, bend; joint”).


gildiz

gildiz (masculine nominative singular strong)
gildijai (masculine nominative plural strong)
gildī (feminine nominative singular strong)
gildijôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
gildį (neuter nominative singular strong)
-jatō (neuter nominative singular strong)
gildijō (neuter nominative plural strong)
gildijanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
gildijanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
gildijǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
gildijōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
gildį (accusative neuter singular strong)
-jatō (accusative neuter singular strong)
gildijō (accusative neuter plural strong)
gildijas (genitive masculine singular strong)
gildīs (genitive masculine singular strong)
gildijaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
gildijaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
gildijaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
gildijas (genitive neuter singular strong)
gildīs (genitive neuter singular strong)
gildijaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
gildijammai (dative masculine singular strong)
gildijaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
gildijaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
gildijaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
gildijammai (dative neuter singular strong)
gildijaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
gildijanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
gildijaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
gildijaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
gildijaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
gildijanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
gildijaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
gildijô (masculine nominative singular weak)
gildijaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
gildijǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
gildijōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
gildijô (neuter nominative singular weak)
gildijōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
gildijanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
gildijanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
gildijōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
gildijōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
gildijô (accusative neuter singular weak)
gildijōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
gildīniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
gildijanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
gildijōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
gildijōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
gildīniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
gildijanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
gildīni (dative masculine singular weak)
gildijammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
gildijōni (dative feminine singular weak)
gildijōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
gildīni (dative neuter singular weak)
gildijammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
gildīnē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
gildijammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
gildijōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
gildijōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
gildīnē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
gildijammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

Old English: *ġilde

Middle English: *yeld

English: yauld

Scots: yauld

Old Norse: gildr

Icelandic: gildur

Swedish: gild, gill

Danish: gild

From the root of *geldaną, possibly Proto-Indo-European *gʰeldʰ- (“to pay for, repay”).


skankaz

*skankaz (a-stem)

skankaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
skankai (masculine nominative plural strong)
skankō (feminine nominative singular strong)
skankôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
skanką (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
skankō (neuter nominative plural strong)
skankanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
skankanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
skankǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
skankōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
skanką (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
skankō (accusative neuter plural strong)
skankas (genitive masculine singular strong)
-is (genitive masculine singular strong)
skankaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
skankaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
skankaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
skankas (genitive neuter singular strong)
-is (genitive neuter singular strong)
skankaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
skankammai (dative masculine singular strong)
skankaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
skankaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
skankaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
skankammai (dative neuter singular strong)
skankaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
skankanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
skankaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
skankaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
skankaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
skankanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
skankaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
skankô (masculine nominative singular weak)
skankaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
skankǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
skankōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
skankô (neuter nominative singular weak)
skankōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
skankanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
skankanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
skankōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
skankōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
skankô (accusative neuter singular weak)
skankōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
skankiniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
skankanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
skankōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
skankōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
skankiniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
skankanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
skankini (dative masculine singular weak)
skankammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
skankōni (dative feminine singular weak)
skankōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
skankini (dative neuter singular weak)
skankammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
skankinē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
skankammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
skankōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
skankōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
skankinē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
skankammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

Old Norse: skakkr

Icelandic: skakkur

Faroese: skakkur

desc

Swedish: skack (“askew”), skank (“with a limp”)

Danish: skak (“askew”), skank (“with a limp”)

Possibly related to Ancient Greek σκάζω (skázō, “to limp”), Sanskrit खञ्जति (kháñjati, “to limp”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)keng-.


krumbaz

krumbaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
krumbai (masculine nominative plural strong)
krumbō (feminine nominative singular strong)
krumbôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
krumbą (neuter nominative singular strong)
-at (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
krumbō (neuter nominative plural strong)
krumbanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
krumbanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
krumbǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
krumbōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
krumbą (accusative neuter singular strong)
-at (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
krumbō (accusative neuter plural strong)
krumbas (genitive masculine singular strong)
krumbis (genitive masculine singular strong)
krumbaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
krumbaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
krumbaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
krumbas (genitive neuter singular strong)
krumbis (genitive neuter singular strong)
krumbaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
krumbammai (dative masculine singular strong)
krumbaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
krumbaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
krumbaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
krumbammai (dative neuter singular strong)
krumbaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
krumbanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
krumbaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
krumbaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
krumbaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
krumbanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
krumbaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
krumbô (masculine nominative singular weak)
krumbaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
krumbǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
krumbōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
krumbô (neuter nominative singular weak)
krumbōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
krumbanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
krumbanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
krumbōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
krumbōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
krumbô (accusative neuter singular weak)
krumbōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
krumbiniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
krumbanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
krumbōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
krumbōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
krumbiniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
krumbanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
krumbini (dative masculine singular weak)
krumbammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
krumbōni (dative feminine singular weak)
krumbōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
krumbini (dative neuter singular weak)
krumbammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
krumbinē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
krumbammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
krumbōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
krumbōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
krumbinē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
krumbammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)


krumpaz

krumpaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
krumpai (masculine nominative plural strong)
krumpō (feminine nominative singular strong)
krumpôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
krumpą (neuter nominative singular strong)
-at (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
krumpō (neuter nominative plural strong)
krumpanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
krumpanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
krumpǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
krumpōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
krumpą (accusative neuter singular strong)
-at (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
krumpō (accusative neuter plural strong)
krumpas (genitive masculine singular strong)
krumpis (genitive masculine singular strong)
krumpaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
krumpaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
krumpaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
krumpas (genitive neuter singular strong)
krumpis (genitive neuter singular strong)
krumpaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
krumpammai (dative masculine singular strong)
krumpaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
krumpaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
krumpaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
krumpammai (dative neuter singular strong)
krumpaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
krumpanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
krumpaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
krumpaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
krumpaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
krumpanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
krumpaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
krumpô (masculine nominative singular weak)
krumpaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
krumpǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
krumpōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
krumpô (neuter nominative singular weak)
krumpōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
krumpanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
krumpanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
krumpōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
krumpōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
krumpô (accusative neuter singular weak)
krumpōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
krumpiniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
krumpanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
krumpōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
krumpōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
krumpiniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
krumpanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
krumpini (dative masculine singular weak)
krumpammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
krumpōni (dative feminine singular weak)
krumpōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
krumpini (dative neuter singular weak)
krumpammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
krumpinē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
krumpammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
krumpōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
krumpōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
krumpinē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
krumpammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

Proto-West Germanic: *krump, *krumb

Old English: crump, crumb

Middle English: crumb, crombe, croume, crump, cromp

English: crump

Scots: crom

⇒ Scots: crummet, crommat

Old Frisian: krumb

Saterland Frisian: kruum

West Frisian: krom, krûm

Old Saxon: krumb

Middle Low German: krumm, krum

German Low German: krumm

Old Dutch: krumb, crumb (in placenames)

Middle Dutch: crump, cromb, cromp, crom

Dutch: krom

→ French: cromb, cron, kromp (dialectal)

⇒ French: cronbin

Old High German: krumb, krumpf, krumm

Middle High German: krump, krimpf, krum

Cimbrian: khrómp

German: krumm

Hunsrik: krumm

Luxembourgish: kromm

→ Proto-Celtic: *krumbos

Proto-Brythonic: *krum

Old Breton: crum

Middle Breton: crom, croum

Cornish: crom

Middle Welsh: crwm

Welsh: crwm

Old Irish: cromb

Middle Irish: cromm

Irish: crom

Manx: croym

Scottish Gaelic: crom

Uncertain. Possibly from Proto-Indo-European *gerb- (“to shrink, shrivel”), from Proto-Indo-European *ger- (“to twist, turn, bend”).


hreubaz

hreubaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
hreubai (masculine nominative plural strong)
hreubō (feminine nominative singular strong)
hreubôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
hreubą (neuter nominative singular strong)
-at (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
hreubō (neuter nominative plural strong)
hreubanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
hreubanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
hreubǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
hreubōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
hreubą (accusative neuter singular strong)
-at (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
hreubō (accusative neuter plural strong)
hreubas (genitive masculine singular strong)
hriubis (genitive masculine singular strong)
hreubaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
hreubaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
hreubaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
hreubas (genitive neuter singular strong)
hriubis (genitive neuter singular strong)
hreubaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
hreubammai (dative masculine singular strong)
hreubaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
hreubaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
hreubaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
hreubammai (dative neuter singular strong)
hreubaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
hreubanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
hreubaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
hreubaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
hreubaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
hreubanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
hreubaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
hreubô (masculine nominative singular weak)
hreubaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
hreubǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
hreubōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
hreubô (neuter nominative singular weak)
hreubōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
hreubanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
hreubanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
hreubōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
hreubōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
hreubô (accusative neuter singular weak)
hreubōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
hriubiniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
hreubanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
hreubōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
hreubōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
hriubiniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
hreubanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
hriubini (dative masculine singular weak)
hreubammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
hreubōni (dative feminine singular weak)
hreubōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
hriubini (dative neuter singular weak)
hreubammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
hriubinē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
hreubammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
hreubōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
hreubōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
hriubinē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
hreubammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *hreub
Old English: hrēof
Middle English: ref
English: reef
Scots: reif
Old High German: hriob, riob

Old Norse: hrjúfr

Icelandic: hrjúfur

From Proto-Indo-European *krewp-o-s, from *krewp- (“scab, crust”).


laskwaz

laskwaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
laskwai (masculine nominative plural strong)
laskwō (feminine nominative singular strong)
laskwôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
laskwą (neuter nominative singular strong)
-at (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
laskwō (neuter nominative plural strong)
laskwanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
laskwanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
laskwǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
laskwōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
laskwą (accusative neuter singular strong)
-at (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
laskwō (accusative neuter plural strong)
laskwas (genitive masculine singular strong)
laskwis (genitive masculine singular strong)
laskwaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
laskwaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
laskwaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
laskwas (genitive neuter singular strong)
laskwis (genitive neuter singular strong)
laskwaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
laskwammai (dative masculine singular strong)
laskwaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
laskwaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
laskwaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
laskwammai (dative neuter singular strong)
laskwaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
laskwanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
laskwaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
laskwaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
laskwaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
laskwanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
laskwaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
laskwô (masculine nominative singular weak)
laskwaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
laskwǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
laskwōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
laskwô (neuter nominative singular weak)
laskwōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
laskwanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
laskwanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
laskwōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
laskwōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
laskwô (accusative neuter singular weak)
laskwōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
laskwiniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
laskwanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
laskwōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
laskwōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
laskwiniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
laskwanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
laskwini (dative masculine singular weak)
laskwammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
laskwōni (dative feminine singular weak)
laskwōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
laskwini (dative neuter singular weak)
laskwammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
laskwinē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
laskwammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
laskwōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
laskwōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
laskwinē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
laskwammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

Proto-West Germanic: *laskw, *lasku

Old English: *lesċ, *lysċ (< Proto-West Germanic *lasku, < Proto-Germanic *laskuz)

Middle English: lusch

English: lush

Old Saxon: *lask

Middle Low German: lasch, las

Low German: lasch

→ German: lasch

Old Dutch: *lask

Middle Dutch: lasc, lasch

Dutch: las

Old Norse: lǫskr, laskr

Icelandic: löskur

Jamtish: lǫsk

→ Middle English: *lusk

English: lusk

Uncertain. Possibly from earlier *latskwaz, from *lataz (“slow, late”), from Proto-Indo-European *leh₁d- (“to let, leave”).


sinīgaz

*sinīgaz (a-stem)

sinīgaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
sinīgai (masculine nominative plural strong)
sinīgō (feminine nominative singular strong)
sinīgôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
sinīgą (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
sinīgō (neuter nominative plural strong)
sinīganǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
sinīganz (accusative masculine plural strong)
sinīgǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
sinīgōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
sinīgą (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
sinīgō (accusative neuter plural strong)
sinīgas (genitive masculine singular strong)
-is (genitive masculine singular strong)
sinīgaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
sinīgaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
sinīgaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
sinīgas (genitive neuter singular strong)
-is (genitive neuter singular strong)
sinīgaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
sinīgammai (dative masculine singular strong)
sinīgaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
sinīgaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
sinīgaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
sinīgammai (dative neuter singular strong)
sinīgaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
sinīganō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
sinīgaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
sinīgaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
sinīgaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
sinīganō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
sinīgaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
sinīgô (masculine nominative singular weak)
sinīganiz (masculine nominative plural weak)
sinīgǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
sinīgōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
sinīgô (neuter nominative singular weak)
sinīgōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
sinīganų (accusative masculine singular weak)
sinīganunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
sinīgōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
sinīgōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
sinīgô (accusative neuter singular weak)
sinīgōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
sinīginiz (genitive masculine singular weak)
sinīganǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
sinīgōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
sinīgōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
sinīginiz (genitive neuter singular weak)
sinīganǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
sinīgini (dative masculine singular weak)
sinīgammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
sinīgōni (dative feminine singular weak)
sinīgōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
sinīgini (dative neuter singular weak)
sinīgammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
sinīginē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
sinīgammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
sinīgōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
sinīgōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
sinīginē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
sinīgammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

Gothic: 𐍃𐌹𐌽𐌴𐌹𐌲𐍃 (sineigs)

From Proto-Indo-European *senikos (“old”) equivalent to *senaz (“old”) + *-īgaz (“forms adjectives from nouns”). Cognates include Ancient Greek ἕνος (hénos), Sanskrit सन (sána), Old Armenian հին (hin) and Latin senex.


senaz

*senaz (a-stem)

senaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
senai (masculine nominative plural strong)
senō (feminine nominative singular strong)
senôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
seną (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
senō (neuter nominative plural strong)
senanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
senanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
senǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
senōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
seną (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
senō (accusative neuter plural strong)
senas (genitive masculine singular strong)
-is (genitive masculine singular strong)
senaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
senaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
senaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
senas (genitive neuter singular strong)
-is (genitive neuter singular strong)
senaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
senammai (dative masculine singular strong)
senaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
senaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
senaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
senammai (dative neuter singular strong)
senaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
senanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
senaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
senaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
senaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
senanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
senaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
senô (masculine nominative singular weak)
senaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
senǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
senōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
senô (neuter nominative singular weak)
senōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
senanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
senanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
senōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
senōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
senô (accusative neuter singular weak)
senōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
seniniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
senanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
senōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
senōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
seniniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
senanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
senini (dative masculine singular weak)
senammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
senōni (dative feminine singular weak)
senōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
senini (dative neuter singular weak)
senammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
seninē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
senammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
senōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
senōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
seninē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
senammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

From Proto-Indo-European *sénos (“old”). Cognates include Ancient Greek ἕνος (hénos), Sanskrit सन (sána), Old Armenian հին (hin) and Latin senex.


mimraz

*mimraz (a-stem)

mimraz (masculine nominative singular strong)
mimrai (masculine nominative plural strong)
mimrō (feminine nominative singular strong)
mimrôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
mimrą (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
mimrō (neuter nominative plural strong)
mimranǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
mimranz (accusative masculine plural strong)
mimrǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
mimrōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
mimrą (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
mimrō (accusative neuter plural strong)
mimras (genitive masculine singular strong)
-is (genitive masculine singular strong)
mimraizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
mimraizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
mimraizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
mimras (genitive neuter singular strong)
-is (genitive neuter singular strong)
mimraizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
mimrammai (dative masculine singular strong)
mimraimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
mimraizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
mimraimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
mimrammai (dative neuter singular strong)
mimraimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
mimranō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
mimraimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
mimraizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
mimraimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
mimranō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
mimraimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
mimrô (masculine nominative singular weak)
mimraniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
mimrǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
mimrōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
mimrô (neuter nominative singular weak)
mimrōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
mimranų (accusative masculine singular weak)
mimranunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
mimrōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
mimrōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
mimrô (accusative neuter singular weak)
mimrōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
mimriniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
mimranǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
mimrōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
mimrōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
mimriniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
mimranǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
mimrini (dative masculine singular weak)
mimrammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
mimrōni (dative feminine singular weak)
mimrōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
mimrini (dative neuter singular weak)
mimrammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
mimrinē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
mimrammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
mimrōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
mimrōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
mimrinē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
mimrammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

Proto-West Germanic: *mimr

Old English: mimor

⇒ Old English: ġemimor

Old Norse: Mímir (Norse god of Memory)


skawaz

skawaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
skawai (masculine nominative plural strong)
skawō (feminine nominative singular strong)
skawôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
skawą (neuter nominative singular strong)
-at (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
skawō (neuter nominative plural strong)
skawanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
skawanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
skawǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
skawōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
skawą (accusative neuter singular strong)
-at (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
skawō (accusative neuter plural strong)
skawas (genitive masculine singular strong)
skawis (genitive masculine singular strong)
skawaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
skawaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
skawaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
skawas (genitive neuter singular strong)
skawis (genitive neuter singular strong)
skawaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
skawammai (dative masculine singular strong)
skawaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
skawaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
skawaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
skawammai (dative neuter singular strong)
skawaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
skawanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
skawaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
skawaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
skawaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
skawanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
skawaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
skawô (masculine nominative singular weak)
skawaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
skawǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
skawōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
skawô (neuter nominative singular weak)
skawōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
skawanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
skawanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
skawōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
skawōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
skawô (accusative neuter singular weak)
skawōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
skawiniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
skawanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
skawōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
skawōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
skawiniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
skawanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
skawini (dative masculine singular weak)
skawammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
skawōni (dative feminine singular weak)
skawōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
skawini (dative neuter singular weak)
skawammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
skawinē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
skawammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
skawōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
skawōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
skawinē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
skawammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

Gothic: *𐍃𐌺𐌰𐍅𐍃 (*skaws)

Related to *skawwōną (“to watch, see, perceive”)


hrōþīgaz

*hrōþīgaz (a-stem)

hrōþīgaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
hrōþīgai (masculine nominative plural strong)
hrōþīgō (feminine nominative singular strong)
hrōþīgôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
hrōþīgą (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
hrōþīgō (neuter nominative plural strong)
hrōþīganǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
hrōþīganz (accusative masculine plural strong)
hrōþīgǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
hrōþīgōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
hrōþīgą (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
hrōþīgō (accusative neuter plural strong)
hrōþīgas (genitive masculine singular strong)
-is (genitive masculine singular strong)
hrōþīgaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
hrōþīgaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
hrōþīgaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
hrōþīgas (genitive neuter singular strong)
-is (genitive neuter singular strong)
hrōþīgaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
hrōþīgammai (dative masculine singular strong)
hrōþīgaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
hrōþīgaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
hrōþīgaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
hrōþīgammai (dative neuter singular strong)
hrōþīgaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
hrōþīganō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
hrōþīgaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
hrōþīgaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
hrōþīgaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
hrōþīganō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
hrōþīgaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
hrōþīgô (masculine nominative singular weak)
hrōþīganiz (masculine nominative plural weak)
hrōþīgǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
hrōþīgōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
hrōþīgô (neuter nominative singular weak)
hrōþīgōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
hrōþīganų (accusative masculine singular weak)
hrōþīganunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
hrōþīgōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
hrōþīgōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
hrōþīgô (accusative neuter singular weak)
hrōþīgōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
hrōþīginiz (genitive masculine singular weak)
hrōþīganǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
hrōþīgōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
hrōþīgōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
hrōþīginiz (genitive neuter singular weak)
hrōþīganǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
hrōþīgini (dative masculine singular weak)
hrōþīgammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
hrōþīgōni (dative feminine singular weak)
hrōþīgōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
hrōþīgini (dative neuter singular weak)
hrōþīgammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
hrōþīginē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
hrōþīgammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
hrōþīgōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
hrōþīgōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
hrōþīginē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
hrōþīgammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

Old English: hrēþiġ

Gothic: 𐌷𐍂𐍉𐌸𐌴𐌹𐌲𐍃 (hrōþeigs)


daniskaz

daniskaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
daniskai (masculine nominative plural strong)
daniskō (feminine nominative singular strong)
daniskôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
daniską (neuter nominative singular strong)
-at (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
daniskō (neuter nominative plural strong)
daniskanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
daniskanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
daniskǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
daniskōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
daniską (accusative neuter singular strong)
-at (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
daniskō (accusative neuter plural strong)
daniskas (genitive masculine singular strong)
daniskis (genitive masculine singular strong)
daniskaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
daniskaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
daniskaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
daniskas (genitive neuter singular strong)
daniskis (genitive neuter singular strong)
daniskaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
daniskammai (dative masculine singular strong)
daniskaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
daniskaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
daniskaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
daniskammai (dative neuter singular strong)
daniskaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
daniskanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
daniskaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
daniskaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
daniskaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
daniskanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
daniskaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
daniskô (masculine nominative singular weak)
daniskaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
daniskǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
daniskōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
daniskô (neuter nominative singular weak)
daniskōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
daniskanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
daniskanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
daniskōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
daniskōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
daniskô (accusative neuter singular weak)
daniskōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
daniskiniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
daniskanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
daniskōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
daniskōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
daniskiniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
daniskanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
daniskini (dative masculine singular weak)
daniskammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
daniskōni (dative feminine singular weak)
daniskōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
daniskini (dative neuter singular weak)
daniskammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
daniskinē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
daniskammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
daniskōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
daniskōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
daniskinē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
daniskammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

Proto-West Germanic: *Danisk

Old English: Denisċ

Middle English: Densc, Dench

English: Dench (surname)

Old Saxon: *denisk

Middle Low German: dēnisch, dēnsch

Old Dutch: *denisc

Middle Dutch: *dēensch

Dutch: Deens

Afrikaans: Deens

Old High German: *tenisc

Middle High German:

⇒ German: dänisch, Dänisch

desctree

Old Norse: danskr
Icelandic: danskur
Norwegian:
Norwegian Bokmål: dansk
Norwegian Nynorsk: dansk
Old Swedish: dansker
Swedish: dansk
Danish: dansk

→ Old French: danois

→ Italian: danese

→ Portuguese: danês

→ Romanian: danez

→ Spanish: danés

From *daniz (“Dane”) + *-iskaz (“-ish”).


niwizô

gem-decl-adj-table

*niwizô (an/īn-stem)

niwizô (masculine nominative singular)
niwizaniz (masculine nominative plural)
niwizį̄ (feminine nominative singular)
niwizīniz (feminine nominative plural)
niwizô (neuter nominative singular)
niwizōnō (neuter nominative plural)
niwizanų (accusative masculine singular)
niwizanunz (accusative masculine plural)
niwizīnų (accusative feminine singular)
niwizīnunz (accusative feminine plural)
niwizô (accusative neuter singular)
niwizōnō (accusative neuter plural)
niwiziniz (genitive masculine singular)
niwizanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural)
niwizīniz (feminine genitive singular)
niwizīnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural)
niwiziniz (genitive neuter singular)
niwizanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural)
niwizini (dative masculine singular)
niwizammaz (dative masculine plural)
niwizīni (dative feminine singular)
niwizīmaz (dative feminine plural)
niwizini (dative neuter singular)
niwizammaz (dative neuter plural)
niwizinē (instrumental masculine singular)
niwizammiz (instrumental masculine plural)
niwizīnē (feminine instrumental singular)
niwizīmiz (feminine instrumental plural)
niwizinē (instrumental neuter singular)
niwizammiz (instrumental neuter plural)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *niwiʀō
Old English: nīwra
Middle English: newere, newer
English: newer
Old Frisian: *nīere
West Frisian: nijere
Old Dutch: *niwiro
Middle Dutch: niewere
Dutch: nieuwere
Old High German: *niwiro
Middle High German: niuwer
German: neuer

Old Norse: nýrri, nýjari
Icelandic: nýrri
Swedish: nyare
Danish: nyere


strakkaz

*strakkaz (a-stem)

strakkaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
strakkai (masculine nominative plural strong)
strakkō (feminine nominative singular strong)
strakkôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
strakką (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
strakkō (neuter nominative plural strong)
strakkanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
strakkanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
strakkǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
strakkōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
strakką (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
strakkō (accusative neuter plural strong)
strakkas (genitive masculine singular strong)
-is (genitive masculine singular strong)
strakkaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
strakkaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
strakkaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
strakkas (genitive neuter singular strong)
-is (genitive neuter singular strong)
strakkaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
strakkammai (dative masculine singular strong)
strakkaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
strakkaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
strakkaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
strakkammai (dative neuter singular strong)
strakkaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
strakkanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
strakkaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
strakkaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
strakkaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
strakkanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
strakkaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
strakkô (masculine nominative singular weak)
strakkaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
strakkǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
strakkōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
strakkô (neuter nominative singular weak)
strakkōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
strakkanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
strakkanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
strakkōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
strakkōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
strakkô (accusative neuter singular weak)
strakkōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
strakkiniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
strakkanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
strakkōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
strakkōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
strakkiniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
strakkanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
strakkini (dative masculine singular weak)
strakkammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
strakkōni (dative feminine singular weak)
strakkōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
strakkini (dative neuter singular weak)
strakkammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
strakkinē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
strakkammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
strakkōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
strakkōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
strakkinē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
strakkammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

From Proto-Indo-European *(s)treg- (“rigid, stiff”).


mōdagaz

*mōdagaz (a-stem)

mōdagaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
mōdagai (masculine nominative plural strong)
mōdagō (feminine nominative singular strong)
mōdagôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
mōdagą (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
mōdagō (neuter nominative plural strong)
mōdaganǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
mōdaganz (accusative masculine plural strong)
mōdagǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
mōdagōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
mōdagą (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
mōdagō (accusative neuter plural strong)
mōdagas (genitive masculine singular strong)
-is (genitive masculine singular strong)
mōdagaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
mōdagaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
mōdagaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
mōdagas (genitive neuter singular strong)
-is (genitive neuter singular strong)
mōdagaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
mōdagammai (dative masculine singular strong)
mōdagaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
mōdagaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
mōdagaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
mōdagammai (dative neuter singular strong)
mōdagaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
mōdaganō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
mōdagaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
mōdagaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
mōdagaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
mōdaganō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
mōdagaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
mōdagô (masculine nominative singular weak)
mōdaganiz (masculine nominative plural weak)
mōdagǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
mōdagōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
mōdagô (neuter nominative singular weak)
mōdagōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
mōdaganų (accusative masculine singular weak)
mōdaganunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
mōdagōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
mōdagōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
mōdagô (accusative neuter singular weak)
mōdagōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
mōdaginiz (genitive masculine singular weak)
mōdaganǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
mōdagōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
mōdagōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
mōdaginiz (genitive neuter singular weak)
mōdaganǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
mōdagini (dative masculine singular weak)
mōdagammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
mōdagōni (dative feminine singular weak)
mōdagōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
mōdagini (dative neuter singular weak)
mōdagammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
mōdaginē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
mōdagammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
mōdagōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
mōdagōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
mōdaginē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
mōdagammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *mōdag
Old English: mōdiġ, modi
Middle English: modi, mody
English: moody
Old Frisian: *mōdich
West Frisian: moedich
Old Saxon: mōdag
Old Dutch: *muodag
Middle Dutch: moedich
Dutch: moedig
Afrikaans: moedig
Old High German: muotag, muotig
Middle High German: muotic
German: mutig
Hunsrik: mutich
⇒ Old High German: einmuotig
Middle High German: einmüetec
German: einmütig

Old Norse: móðigr, móðugr

Icelandic: móðugur

Danish: modig

Norwegian: modig

Swedish: modig

Gothic: 𐌼𐍉𐌳𐌰𐌲𐍃 (mōdags)

/ˈmɔː.ðɑ.ɣɑz/

From *mōdaz (“mind; courage; zeal”) + *-gaz.


agalaitijaz

*agalaitijaz (ja-stem)

agalaitijaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
agalaitijai (masculine nominative plural strong)
agalaitijō (feminine nominative singular strong)
agalaitijôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
agalaitiją (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
agalaitijō (neuter nominative plural strong)
agalaitijanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
agalaitijanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
agalaitijǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
agalaitijōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
agalaitiją (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
agalaitijō (accusative neuter plural strong)
agalaitijas (genitive masculine singular strong)
-īs (genitive masculine singular strong)
agalaitijaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
agalaitijaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
agalaitijaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
agalaitijas (genitive neuter singular strong)
-īs (genitive neuter singular strong)
agalaitijaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
agalaitijammai (dative masculine singular strong)
agalaitijaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
agalaitijaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
agalaitijaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
agalaitijammai (dative neuter singular strong)
agalaitijaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
agalaitijanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
agalaitijaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
agalaitijaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
agalaitijaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
agalaitijanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
agalaitijaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
agalaitijô (masculine nominative singular weak)
agalaitijaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
agalaitijǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
agalaitijōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
agalaitijô (neuter nominative singular weak)
agalaitijōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
agalaitijanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
agalaitijanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
agalaitijōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
agalaitijōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
agalaitijô (accusative neuter singular weak)
agalaitijōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
agalaitīniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
agalaitijanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
agalaitijōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
agalaitijōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
agalaitīniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
agalaitijanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
agalaitīni (dative masculine singular weak)
agalaitijammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
agalaitijōni (dative feminine singular weak)
agalaitijōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
agalaitīni (dative neuter singular weak)
agalaitijammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
agalaitīnē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
agalaitijammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
agalaitijōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
agalaitijōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
agalaitīnē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
agalaitijammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

Proto-West Germanic: *agalaitī
Old High German: agaleizi
Middle High German: ageleize, ageleiz

Possibly haplologically syncopated from earlier *aglalaitjaz, from *aglaz (“shameful”) + *laitjaz (whence Rhinelandic German leizig (“annoying; excited”)).


aiwiskaz

*aiwiskaz (a-stem)

aiwiskaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
aiwiskai (masculine nominative plural strong)
aiwiskō (feminine nominative singular strong)
aiwiskôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
aiwiską (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
aiwiskō (neuter nominative plural strong)
aiwiskanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
aiwiskanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
aiwiskǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
aiwiskōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
aiwiską (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
aiwiskō (accusative neuter plural strong)
aiwiskas (genitive masculine singular strong)
-is (genitive masculine singular strong)
aiwiskaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
aiwiskaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
aiwiskaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
aiwiskas (genitive neuter singular strong)
-is (genitive neuter singular strong)
aiwiskaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
aiwiskammai (dative masculine singular strong)
aiwiskaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
aiwiskaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
aiwiskaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
aiwiskammai (dative neuter singular strong)
aiwiskaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
aiwiskanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
aiwiskaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
aiwiskaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
aiwiskaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
aiwiskanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
aiwiskaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
aiwiskô (masculine nominative singular weak)
aiwiskaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
aiwiskǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
aiwiskōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
aiwiskô (neuter nominative singular weak)
aiwiskōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
aiwiskanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
aiwiskanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
aiwiskōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
aiwiskōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
aiwiskô (accusative neuter singular weak)
aiwiskōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
aiwiskiniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
aiwiskanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
aiwiskōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
aiwiskōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
aiwiskiniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
aiwiskanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
aiwiskini (dative masculine singular weak)
aiwiskammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
aiwiskōni (dative feminine singular weak)
aiwiskōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
aiwiskini (dative neuter singular weak)
aiwiskammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
aiwiskinē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
aiwiskammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
aiwiskōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
aiwiskōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
aiwiskinē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
aiwiskammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

Old English: āwisċ, ǣwisċ, ēawisċ

Old Saxon: *ēwisk

Middle Low German: êsch, eisch

German Low German: aiwisk, eisk, aisch

Old High German: *ēwisk

Middle High German: eisch

⇒ Old High German: ēwisklīh

Gothic: *𐌰𐌹𐍅𐌹𐍃𐌺𐍃 (*aiwisks) (in 𐌿𐌽𐌰𐌹𐍅𐌹𐍃𐌺𐍃 (unaiwisks))

Possibly from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eygʷʰ- + *-iskos; for the root, compare Sanskrit अनेहस् (an-ehás, “flawless, unrivalled”) (< *n̥-h₂eygʷʰós).
Formerly often compared with Ancient Greek αἶσχος (aîskhos), but this hypothesis has largely been abandoned due to its formal difficulty.


ampraz

*ampraz (a-stem)

ampraz (masculine nominative singular strong)
amprai (masculine nominative plural strong)
amprō (feminine nominative singular strong)
amprôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
amprą (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
amprō (neuter nominative plural strong)
ampranǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
ampranz (accusative masculine plural strong)
amprǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
amprōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
amprą (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
amprō (accusative neuter plural strong)
ampras (genitive masculine singular strong)
-is (genitive masculine singular strong)
ampraizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
ampraizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
ampraizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
ampras (genitive neuter singular strong)
-is (genitive neuter singular strong)
ampraizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
amprammai (dative masculine singular strong)
ampraimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
ampraizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
ampraimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
amprammai (dative neuter singular strong)
ampraimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
ampranō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
ampraimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
ampraizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
ampraimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
ampranō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
ampraimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
amprô (masculine nominative singular weak)
ampraniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
amprǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
amprōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
amprô (neuter nominative singular weak)
amprōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
ampranų (accusative masculine singular weak)
ampranunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
amprōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
amprōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
amprô (accusative neuter singular weak)
amprōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
ampriniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
ampranǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
amprōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
amprōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
ampriniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
ampranǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
amprini (dative masculine singular weak)
amprammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
amprōni (dative feminine singular weak)
amprōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
amprini (dative neuter singular weak)
amprammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
amprinē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
amprammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
amprōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
amprōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
amprinē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
amprammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *ampr
Old Frisian: *amper, *omper
West Frisian: amper
Old Dutch: *ampar
Middle Dutch: amper
Dutch: amper

Old Norse: apr (< *appr < *amp-) (descendants may be influenced by Low German)

Icelandic: apur

Norwegian Bokmål: amper

Norwegian Nynorsk: amper

Swedish: amper

Danish: amper

Gutnish: ampårr, anpän

Jamtish: ampen

Angermannian: ampen, anpäs (verb)

Sudermannian: amper

Wermlandian: amper

Nilandian: amper

From Proto-Indo-European *amrós (probably *h₂h₃mrós; see *h₂eh₃mós). Cognate to Sanskrit अम्ल (amlá, “sour; wood-sorrel”) and Latin amārus (“bitter”). Kroonen, skeptical, compares Semitic (e.g. Hebrew מַר (mar, “bitter”)).

cog

Brill Publishers
Friedrich Kluge
John Francis Davis


lustusamaz

*lustusamaz (a-stem)

lustusamaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
lustusamai (masculine nominative plural strong)
lustusamō (feminine nominative singular strong)
lustusamôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
lustusamą (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
lustusamō (neuter nominative plural strong)
lustusamanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
lustusamanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
lustusamǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
lustusamōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
lustusamą (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
lustusamō (accusative neuter plural strong)
lustusamas (genitive masculine singular strong)
-is (genitive masculine singular strong)
lustusamaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
lustusamaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
lustusamaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
lustusamas (genitive neuter singular strong)
-is (genitive neuter singular strong)
lustusamaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
lustusamammai (dative masculine singular strong)
lustusamaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
lustusamaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
lustusamaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
lustusamammai (dative neuter singular strong)
lustusamaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
lustusamanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
lustusamaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
lustusamaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
lustusamaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
lustusamanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
lustusamaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
lustusamô (masculine nominative singular weak)
lustusamaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
lustusamǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
lustusamōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
lustusamô (neuter nominative singular weak)
lustusamōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
lustusamanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
lustusamanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
lustusamōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
lustusamōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
lustusamô (accusative neuter singular weak)
lustusamōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
lustusaminiz (genitive masculine singular weak)
lustusamanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
lustusamōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
lustusamōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
lustusaminiz (genitive neuter singular weak)
lustusamanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
lustusamini (dative masculine singular weak)
lustusamammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
lustusamōni (dative feminine singular weak)
lustusamōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
lustusamini (dative neuter singular weak)
lustusamammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
lustusaminē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
lustusamammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
lustusamōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
lustusamōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
lustusaminē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
lustusamammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *lustusam
Old English: *lustsum
Middle English: lustsum
English: lustsome
⇒ Old English: lustsumlīċ
Old Saxon: lustsam
Middle Low German: lustsām
Old Dutch: *lustsam, lussam
Old High German: lustsam
Middle High German: lustsam, lussam, lossam
German: lustsam

Gothic: 𐌻𐌿𐍃𐍄𐌿𐍃𐌰𐌼𐌰 (lustusama)


ardugaz

*ardugaz (a-stem)

ardugaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
ardugai (masculine nominative plural strong)
ardugō (feminine nominative singular strong)
ardugôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
ardugą (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
ardugō (neuter nominative plural strong)
arduganǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
arduganz (accusative masculine plural strong)
ardugǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
ardugōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
ardugą (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
ardugō (accusative neuter plural strong)
ardugas (genitive masculine singular strong)
-is (genitive masculine singular strong)
ardugaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
ardugaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
ardugaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
ardugas (genitive neuter singular strong)
-is (genitive neuter singular strong)
ardugaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
ardugammai (dative masculine singular strong)
ardugaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
ardugaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
ardugaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
ardugammai (dative neuter singular strong)
ardugaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
arduganō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
ardugaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
ardugaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
ardugaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
arduganō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
ardugaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
ardugô (masculine nominative singular weak)
arduganiz (masculine nominative plural weak)
ardugǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
ardugōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
ardugô (neuter nominative singular weak)
ardugōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
arduganų (accusative masculine singular weak)
arduganunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
ardugōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
ardugōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
ardugô (accusative neuter singular weak)
ardugōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
arduginiz (genitive masculine singular weak)
arduganǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
ardugōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
ardugōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
arduginiz (genitive neuter singular weak)
arduganǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
ardugini (dative masculine singular weak)
ardugammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
ardugōni (dative feminine singular weak)
ardugōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
ardugini (dative neuter singular weak)
ardugammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
arduginē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
ardugammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
ardugōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
ardugōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
arduginē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
ardugammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

Old Norse: ǫrðugr

Icelandic: örðugur

Faroese: ørðugur

From Proto-Indo-European *h₃érdʰ-u-s, from *h₃erdʰ- + *-us. Cognate with Latin arduus.


arnijaz

arnijaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
arnijai (masculine nominative plural strong)
arnijō (feminine nominative singular strong)
arnijôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
arniją (neuter nominative singular strong)
-at (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
arnijō (neuter nominative plural strong)
arnijanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
arnijanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
arnijǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
arnijōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
arniją (accusative neuter singular strong)
-at (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
arnijō (accusative neuter plural strong)
arnijas (genitive masculine singular strong)
arnīs (genitive masculine singular strong)
arnijaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
arnijaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
arnijaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
arnijas (genitive neuter singular strong)
arnīs (genitive neuter singular strong)
arnijaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
arnijammai (dative masculine singular strong)
arnijaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
arnijaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
arnijaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
arnijammai (dative neuter singular strong)
arnijaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
arnijanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
arnijaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
arnijaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
arnijaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
arnijanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
arnijaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
arnijô (masculine nominative singular weak)
arnijaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
arnijǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
arnijōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
arnijô (neuter nominative singular weak)
arnijōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
arnijanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
arnijanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
arnijōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
arnijōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
arnijô (accusative neuter singular weak)
arnijōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
arnīniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
arnijanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
arnijōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
arnijōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
arnīniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
arnijanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
arnīni (dative masculine singular weak)
arnijammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
arnijōni (dative feminine singular weak)
arnijōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
arnīni (dative neuter singular weak)
arnijammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
arnīnē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
arnijammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
arnijōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
arnijōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
arnīnē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
arnijammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

Old Norse: ern

Icelandic: ern

⇒ Gothic: 𐌰𐍂𐌽𐌹𐌱𐌰 (arniba)


auþijaz

*auþijaz (ja-stem)

auþijaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
auþijai (masculine nominative plural strong)
auþijō (feminine nominative singular strong)
auþijôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
auþiją (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
auþijō (neuter nominative plural strong)
auþijanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
auþijanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
auþijǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
auþijōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
auþiją (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
auþijō (accusative neuter plural strong)
auþijas (genitive masculine singular strong)
-īs (genitive masculine singular strong)
auþijaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
auþijaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
auþijaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
auþijas (genitive neuter singular strong)
-īs (genitive neuter singular strong)
auþijaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
auþijammai (dative masculine singular strong)
auþijaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
auþijaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
auþijaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
auþijammai (dative neuter singular strong)
auþijaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
auþijanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
auþijaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
auþijaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
auþijaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
auþijanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
auþijaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
auþijô (masculine nominative singular weak)
auþijaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
auþijǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
auþijōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
auþijô (neuter nominative singular weak)
auþijōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
auþijanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
auþijanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
auþijōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
auþijōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
auþijô (accusative neuter singular weak)
auþijōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
auþīniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
auþijanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
auþijōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
auþijōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
auþīniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
auþijanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
auþīni (dative masculine singular weak)
auþijammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
auþijōni (dative feminine singular weak)
auþijōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
auþīni (dative neuter singular weak)
auþijammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
auþīnē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
auþijammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
auþijōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
auþijōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
auþīnē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
auþijammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

Proto-West Germanic: *auþī
Old English: īeþe
Old Saxon: *ōthi
Middle Low German: ȫde
German Low German: öde, ööd
Old Dutch: *ōdi
⇒ Middle Dutch: odelijc
Dutch: olijk
Old High German: ōdi
Middle High German: œde
German: öde

Old Norse: auðr
Icelandic: auður
Faroese: eyður
Norwegian Nynorsk: aud
Old Swedish: ø̄þe
Swedish: öde
⇒ Old Swedish: öþkn, økn
Swedish: öken
Old Danish: ødtæ
Danish: øde
Norwegian Bokmål: øde
⇒ Old Danish: øthkn, øthken
Danish: ørken
Norwegian Bokmål: ørken
→ Norwegian Nynorsk: ørken

Gothic: 𐌰𐌿𐌸𐌴𐌹𐍃 (auþeis)

→ Proto-Finnic: *autijo (see there for further descendants)

→ Pre-Samic: *awta

Proto-Samic: *vuovtē (see there for further descendants)

From Proto-Indo-European *h₂ewtyos (“forlorn, deserted”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ew (“away from”).


aþulijaz

*aþulijaz (ja-stem)

aþulijaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
aþulijai (masculine nominative plural strong)
aþulijō (feminine nominative singular strong)
aþulijôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
aþuliją (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
aþulijō (neuter nominative plural strong)
aþulijanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
aþulijanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
aþulijǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
aþulijōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
aþuliją (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
aþulijō (accusative neuter plural strong)
aþulijas (genitive masculine singular strong)
-īs (genitive masculine singular strong)
aþulijaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
aþulijaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
aþulijaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
aþulijas (genitive neuter singular strong)
-īs (genitive neuter singular strong)
aþulijaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
aþulijammai (dative masculine singular strong)
aþulijaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
aþulijaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
aþulijaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
aþulijammai (dative neuter singular strong)
aþulijaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
aþulijanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
aþulijaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
aþulijaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
aþulijaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
aþulijanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
aþulijaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
aþulijô (masculine nominative singular weak)
aþulijaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
aþulijǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
aþulijōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
aþulijô (neuter nominative singular weak)
aþulijōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
aþulijanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
aþulijanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
aþulijōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
aþulijōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
aþulijô (accusative neuter singular weak)
aþulijōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
aþulīniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
aþulijanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
aþulijōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
aþulijōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
aþulīniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
aþulijanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
aþulīni (dative masculine singular weak)
aþulijammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
aþulijōni (dative feminine singular weak)
aþulijōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
aþulīni (dative neuter singular weak)
aþulijammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
aþulīnē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
aþulijammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
aþulijōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
aþulijōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
aþulīnē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
aþulijammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *aþuli, *aþlī
Old English: æþele, eþele
Middle English: athel, ethel
English: athel
Scots: athill
Old Frisian: ethele
Saterland Frisian: eedel
West Frisian: eal
Old Saxon: ethili
Middle Low German: ēdele, ēdel
→ Danish: ædel
→ Norwegian Bokmål: edel
→ Norwegian Nynorsk: edel
→ Swedish: ädel
German Low German: edel
Old Dutch: ethele
Middle Dutch: ēdel
Dutch: edel
Afrikaans: edel
Limburgish: aedel
Old High German: edili
Middle High German: edle, edel
German: edel
Yiddish: איידל (eydl)

From *aþalą (“nobility; kin, lineage”) + *-jaz.


haisaz

haisaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
haisai (masculine nominative plural strong)
haisō (feminine nominative singular strong)
haisôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
haisą (neuter nominative singular strong)
-at (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
haisō (neuter nominative plural strong)
haisanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
haisanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
haisǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
haisōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
haisą (accusative neuter singular strong)
-at (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
haisō (accusative neuter plural strong)
haisas (genitive masculine singular strong)
haisis (genitive masculine singular strong)
haisaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
haisaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
haisaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
haisas (genitive neuter singular strong)
haisis (genitive neuter singular strong)
haisaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
haisammai (dative masculine singular strong)
haisaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
haisaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
haisaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
haisammai (dative neuter singular strong)
haisaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
haisanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
haisaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
haisaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
haisaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
haisanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
haisaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
haisô (masculine nominative singular weak)
haisaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
haisǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
haisōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
haisô (neuter nominative singular weak)
haisōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
haisanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
haisanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
haisōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
haisōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
haisô (accusative neuter singular weak)
haisōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
haisiniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
haisanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
haisōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
haisōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
haisiniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
haisanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
haisini (dative masculine singular weak)
haisammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
haisōni (dative feminine singular weak)
haisōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
haisini (dative neuter singular weak)
haisammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
haisinē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
haisammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
haisōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
haisōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
haisinē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
haisammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

Old English: hās, *hārs

desctree

Middle English: hos, hose, hoos, hoose, hoce, hase, haase, hayse, hors, horse, hoorse
English: hoarse
Scots: hairse, hairsh, haise

Old Frisian: *hās

West Frisian: heas

Old Dutch: hēs, heis, *hērs

Middle Dutch: hêes, heis, *hêers

⇒ Middle Dutch: hêesc, hêesch, hêersch

q

conflated with <i class="Latn mention" lang="dum">hêes</i>

Dutch: hees (conflated with hêes)

Afrikaans: hees

Old Saxon: hēs, *heis

Middle Low German: hēes, heis

⇒ Middle Low German: hēsch, heisch

Low German: heesch

Old High German: heis, heisar

⇒ Old High German: heisi

Middle High German: heise

desc

Middle High German: heis, heiser, heisch, heischer

German: heiser

Luxembourgish: hees

Old Norse: háss, heiss

Old Danish: hees

Danish: hæs

Elfdalian: įes

Faroese: hásur

Icelandic: hás

Jamtish: hás

Norwegian:

Norwegian Nynorsk: hås

Norwegian Bokmål: hes, hås

Old Swedish: hes

Swedish: hes

Unknown; the expected Pre-Germanic form would be *koysos~*ḱoysos; with forms in -r- being from the addition of *-raz (Kroonen, Orel) or conflation with *hairaz (Orel). Kroonen speculatively connects it with Albanian kirrem. Perhaps related to *hwistlōną (“to hiss”).

Brill
Brill Publishers
Friedrich Kluge
John Francis Davis
Vladimir Orel


klōkaz

*klōkaz (a-stem)

klōkaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
klōkai (masculine nominative plural strong)
klōkō (feminine nominative singular strong)
klōkôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
klōką (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
klōkō (neuter nominative plural strong)
klōkanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
klōkanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
klōkǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
klōkōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
klōką (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
klōkō (accusative neuter plural strong)
klōkas (genitive masculine singular strong)
-is (genitive masculine singular strong)
klōkaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
klōkaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
klōkaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
klōkas (genitive neuter singular strong)
-is (genitive neuter singular strong)
klōkaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
klōkammai (dative masculine singular strong)
klōkaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
klōkaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
klōkaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
klōkammai (dative neuter singular strong)
klōkaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
klōkanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
klōkaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
klōkaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
klōkaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
klōkanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
klōkaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
klōkô (masculine nominative singular weak)
klōkaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
klōkǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
klōkōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
klōkô (neuter nominative singular weak)
klōkōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
klōkanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
klōkanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
klōkōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
klōkōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
klōkô (accusative neuter singular weak)
klōkōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
klōkiniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
klōkanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
klōkōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
klōkōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
klōkiniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
klōkanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
klōkini (dative masculine singular weak)
klōkammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
klōkōni (dative feminine singular weak)
klōkōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
klōkini (dative neuter singular weak)
klōkammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
klōkinē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
klōkammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
klōkōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
klōkōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
klōkinē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
klōkammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

Old Saxon: *klōk

Middle Low German: klôk

→ Middle High German: kluoc

German: klug

Cimbrian: kluug

Hunsrik: klugh

Yiddish: קלוג (klug)

desctree

→ Old Norse: klókr
Danish: klog
Faroese: klókur
Icelandic: klókur
Norwegian Bokmål: klok
Norwegian Nynorsk: klok
Old Swedish: kloker
Swedish: klok

Old Dutch: *cluoc

Middle Dutch: cloec

Dutch: kloek

Afrikaans: kloek

Of uncertain origin. Possibly related to Old Irish glicc (“shrewd, acute”), Scots gleg (“smart, quick”), Ancient Greek καλχαίνω (kalkhaínō, “to ponder”), Middle English begalewen (“to frighten, stupefy”).

cog

Friedrich Kluge
John Francis Davis
Nicoline van der Sijs


lindīnaz

*lindīnaz (a-stem)

lindīnaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
lindīnai (masculine nominative plural strong)
lindīnō (feminine nominative singular strong)
lindīnôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
lindīną (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
lindīnō (neuter nominative plural strong)
lindīnanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
lindīnanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
lindīnǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
lindīnōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
lindīną (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
lindīnō (accusative neuter plural strong)
lindīnas (genitive masculine singular strong)
-is (genitive masculine singular strong)
lindīnaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
lindīnaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
lindīnaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
lindīnas (genitive neuter singular strong)
-is (genitive neuter singular strong)
lindīnaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
lindīnammai (dative masculine singular strong)
lindīnaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
lindīnaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
lindīnaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
lindīnammai (dative neuter singular strong)
lindīnaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
lindīnanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
lindīnaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
lindīnaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
lindīnaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
lindīnanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
lindīnaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
lindīnô (masculine nominative singular weak)
lindīnaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
lindīnǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
lindīnōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
lindīnô (neuter nominative singular weak)
lindīnōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
lindīnanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
lindīnanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
lindīnōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
lindīnōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
lindīnô (accusative neuter singular weak)
lindīnōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
lindīniniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
lindīnanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
lindīnōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
lindīnōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
lindīniniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
lindīnanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
lindīnini (dative masculine singular weak)
lindīnammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
lindīnōni (dative feminine singular weak)
lindīnōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
lindīnini (dative neuter singular weak)
lindīnammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
lindīninē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
lindīnammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
lindīnōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
lindīnōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
lindīninē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
lindīnammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

Old English: linden

Middle English: linden

English: linden

Old Frisian: *linden

⇒ West Frisian: linenbeam

Old Saxon: *lindīn

Middle Low German: linden

⇒ German Low German: Linnenboom

Old High German: lintīn

Middle High German: lintīn, lindīn

German: linden


bēgaz

*bēgaz (a-stem)

bēgaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
bēgai (masculine nominative plural strong)
bēgō (feminine nominative singular strong)
bēgôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
bēgą (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
bēgō (neuter nominative plural strong)
bēganǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
bēganz (accusative masculine plural strong)
bēgǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
bēgōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
bēgą (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
bēgō (accusative neuter plural strong)
bēgas (genitive masculine singular strong)
-is (genitive masculine singular strong)
bēgaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
bēgaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
bēgaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
bēgas (genitive neuter singular strong)
-is (genitive neuter singular strong)
bēgaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
bēgammai (dative masculine singular strong)
bēgaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
bēgaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
bēgaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
bēgammai (dative neuter singular strong)
bēgaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
bēganō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
bēgaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
bēgaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
bēgaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
bēganō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
bēgaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
bēgô (masculine nominative singular weak)
bēganiz (masculine nominative plural weak)
bēgǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
bēgōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
bēgô (neuter nominative singular weak)
bēgōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
bēganų (accusative masculine singular weak)
bēganunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
bēgōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
bēgōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
bēgô (accusative neuter singular weak)
bēgōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
bēginiz (genitive masculine singular weak)
bēganǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
bēgōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
bēgōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
bēginiz (genitive neuter singular weak)
bēganǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
bēgini (dative masculine singular weak)
bēgammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
bēgōni (dative feminine singular weak)
bēgōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
bēgini (dative neuter singular weak)
bēgammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
bēginē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
bēgammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
bēgōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
bēgōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
bēginē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
bēgammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

Old Norse: bágr

Icelandic: bágur

Norwegian Bokmål: båg

→? Proto-Finnic: *paha

From *bēganą (“to fight, argue, quarrel”).


hamalaz

*hamalaz (a-stem)

hamalaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
hamalai (masculine nominative plural strong)
hamalō (feminine nominative singular strong)
hamalôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
hamalą (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
hamalō (neuter nominative plural strong)
hamalanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
hamalanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
hamalǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
hamalōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
hamalą (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
hamalō (accusative neuter plural strong)
hamalas (genitive masculine singular strong)
-is (genitive masculine singular strong)
hamalaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
hamalaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
hamalaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
hamalas (genitive neuter singular strong)
-is (genitive neuter singular strong)
hamalaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
hamalammai (dative masculine singular strong)
hamalaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
hamalaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
hamalaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
hamalammai (dative neuter singular strong)
hamalaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
hamalanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
hamalaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
hamalaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
hamalaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
hamalanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
hamalaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
hamalô (masculine nominative singular weak)
hamalaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
hamalǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
hamalōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
hamalô (neuter nominative singular weak)
hamalōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
hamalanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
hamalanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
hamalōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
hamalōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
hamalô (accusative neuter singular weak)
hamalōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
hamaliniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
hamalanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
hamalōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
hamalōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
hamaliniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
hamalanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
hamalini (dative masculine singular weak)
hamalammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
hamalōni (dative feminine singular weak)
hamalōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
hamalini (dative neuter singular weak)
hamalammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
hamalinē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
hamalammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
hamalōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
hamalōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
hamalinē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
hamalammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

Old Dutch: *hamal

Middle Dutch: hamel

Dutch: hamel

Afrikaans: hamel

Old High German: hamal

Middle High German: hamel

German: Hammel

→ Proto-Samic: *āmēlē (see there for further descendants)

→? Proto-Finnic: *kamala

Finnish: kamala

From Proto-Indo-European *ḱom-olo-, From *ḱem-. Cognate Sanskrit शम (śama, “hornless”), Proto-Slavic *komolъ (“hornless”) (> Russian комо́лый (komólyj)).


fraiwijaz

fraiwijaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
fraiwijai (masculine nominative plural strong)
fraiwijō (feminine nominative singular strong)
fraiwijôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
fraiwiją (neuter nominative singular strong)
-at (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
fraiwijō (neuter nominative plural strong)
fraiwijanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
fraiwijanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
fraiwijǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
fraiwijōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
fraiwiją (accusative neuter singular strong)
-at (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
fraiwijō (accusative neuter plural strong)
fraiwijas (genitive masculine singular strong)
fraiwīs (genitive masculine singular strong)
fraiwijaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
fraiwijaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
fraiwijaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
fraiwijas (genitive neuter singular strong)
fraiwīs (genitive neuter singular strong)
fraiwijaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
fraiwijammai (dative masculine singular strong)
fraiwijaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
fraiwijaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
fraiwijaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
fraiwijammai (dative neuter singular strong)
fraiwijaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
fraiwijanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
fraiwijaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
fraiwijaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
fraiwijaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
fraiwijanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
fraiwijaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
fraiwijô (masculine nominative singular weak)
fraiwijaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
fraiwijǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
fraiwijōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
fraiwijô (neuter nominative singular weak)
fraiwijōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
fraiwijanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
fraiwijanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
fraiwijōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
fraiwijōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
fraiwijô (accusative neuter singular weak)
fraiwijōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
fraiwīniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
fraiwijanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
fraiwijōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
fraiwijōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
fraiwīniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
fraiwijanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
fraiwīni (dative masculine singular weak)
fraiwijammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
fraiwijōni (dative feminine singular weak)
fraiwijōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
fraiwīni (dative neuter singular weak)
fraiwijammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
fraiwīnē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
fraiwijammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
fraiwijōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
fraiwijōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
fraiwīnē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
fraiwijammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

desctree

Old Norse: frjór, frjár, frær
Icelandic: frjór
Norwegian Nynorsk: fræv


wraihaz

*wraihaz (a-stem)

wraihaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
wraihai (masculine nominative plural strong)
wraihō (feminine nominative singular strong)
wraihôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
wraihą (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
wraihō (neuter nominative plural strong)
wraihanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
wraihanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
wraihǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
wraihōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
wraihą (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
wraihō (accusative neuter plural strong)
wraihas (genitive masculine singular strong)
-is (genitive masculine singular strong)
wraihaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
wraihaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
wraihaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
wraihas (genitive neuter singular strong)
-is (genitive neuter singular strong)
wraihaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
wraihammai (dative masculine singular strong)
wraihaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
wraihaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
wraihaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
wraihammai (dative neuter singular strong)
wraihaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
wraihanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
wraihaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
wraihaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
wraihaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
wraihanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
wraihaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
wraihô (masculine nominative singular weak)
wraihaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
wraihǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
wraihōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
wraihô (neuter nominative singular weak)
wraihōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
wraihanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
wraihanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
wraihōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
wraihōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
wraihô (accusative neuter singular weak)
wraihōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
wraihiniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
wraihanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
wraihōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
wraihōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
wraihiniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
wraihanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
wraihini (dative masculine singular weak)
wraihammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
wraihōni (dative feminine singular weak)
wraihōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
wraihini (dative neuter singular weak)
wraihammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
wraihinē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
wraihammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
wraihōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
wraihōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
wraihinē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
wraihammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

Old English: *wrāh

Middle English: wraw

Old Frisian: wrāk

Old Norse:

Swedish: vrå (dialectal)

From Proto-Indo-European *wróyḱ-o-. from *wreyḱ- (“to twist, to bend”).