rammaz

*rammaz (a-stem)

rammaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
rammai (masculine nominative plural strong)
rammō (feminine nominative singular strong)
rammôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
rammą (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
rammō (neuter nominative plural strong)
rammanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
rammanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
rammǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
rammōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
rammą (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
rammō (accusative neuter plural strong)
rammas (genitive masculine singular strong)
-is (genitive masculine singular strong)
rammaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
rammaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
rammaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
rammas (genitive neuter singular strong)
-is (genitive neuter singular strong)
rammaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
rammammai (dative masculine singular strong)
rammaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
rammaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
rammaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
rammammai (dative neuter singular strong)
rammaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
rammanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
rammaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
rammaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
rammaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
rammanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
rammaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
rammô (masculine nominative singular weak)
rammaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
rammǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
rammōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
rammô (neuter nominative singular weak)
rammōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
rammanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
rammanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
rammōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
rammōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
rammô (accusative neuter singular weak)
rammōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
ramminiz (genitive masculine singular weak)
rammanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
rammōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
rammōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
ramminiz (genitive neuter singular weak)
rammanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
rammini (dative masculine singular weak)
rammammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
rammōni (dative feminine singular weak)
rammōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
rammini (dative neuter singular weak)
rammammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
ramminē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
rammammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
rammōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
rammōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
ramminē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
rammammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

Proto-West Germanic: *ramm

desc

Old Norse: rammr, ramr (“strong; bitter”)

Icelandic: rammur

Faroese: ramur

Old Swedish: ramber

Swedish: ram

Danish: ram

Unknown; perhaps related to Old Church Slavonic рамѣнъ (raměnŭ, “severe”).


kōluz

kōluz (masculine nominative singular strong)
kōlijai (masculine nominative plural strong)
kōlī (feminine nominative singular strong)
kōlijôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
kōlų (neuter nominative singular strong)
-jatō (neuter nominative singular strong)
kōlijō (neuter nominative plural strong)
kōlijanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
kōlijanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
kōlijǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
kōlijōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
kōlų (accusative neuter singular strong)
-jatō (accusative neuter singular strong)
kōlijō (accusative neuter plural strong)
kōlijas (genitive masculine singular strong)
kōlīs (genitive masculine singular strong)
kōlijaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
kōlijaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
kōlijaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
kōlijas (genitive neuter singular strong)
kōlīs (genitive neuter singular strong)
kōlijaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
kōlijammai (dative masculine singular strong)
kōlijaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
kōlijaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
kōlijaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
kōlijammai (dative neuter singular strong)
kōlijaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
kōlijanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
kōlijaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
kōlijaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
kōlijaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
kōlijanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
kōlijaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
kōlijô (masculine nominative singular weak)
kōlijaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
kōlijǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
kōlijōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
kōlijô (neuter nominative singular weak)
kōlijōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
kōlijanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
kōlijanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
kōlijōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
kōlijōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
kōlijô (accusative neuter singular weak)
kōlijōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
kōlīniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
kōlijanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
kōlijōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
kōlijōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
kōlīniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
kōlijanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
kōlīni (dative masculine singular weak)
kōlijammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
kōlijōni (dative feminine singular weak)
kōlijōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
kōlīni (dative neuter singular weak)
kōlijammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
kōlīnē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
kōlijammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
kōlijōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
kōlijōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
kōlīnē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
kōlijammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *kōl(ī)
Old English: cōl, *cœ̄l, *cēl
Middle English: col, coul, cool
English: cool (see there for further descendants)
⇒ English: coolth
Scots: cule, cuill, kuil, ceul, kül, queel
⇒ Scots: queelie, kjöl (“coolness”)
⇒ Old English: cōlnes, cœ̄lnes, cēlnes
Middle English: colnesse
English: coolness
Old Frisian: *kōl
Saterland Frisian: köil
West Frisian: koel (possibly borrowed from Dutch)
Old Saxon: *kōli, *kōl
Middle Low German: kôle, kôl, kȫl
German Low German: köhl
Low German: kool, kööl, köhl
Old Dutch: *kuol
Middle Dutch: coel
Dutch: koel
Afrikaans: koel
Limburgish: keul, kool
Old High German: kuoli, chuali, chuoli, kuali
Middle High German: küele, küel, kůl, kule
Alemannic German: chüel
Alsatian: kiahl
Swabian: kiahl
Bavarian:
Hianzisch: kiahl
Central Franconian: köhl, kehl, kiehl
Hunsrik: kiel
Luxembourgish: kill
German: kühl
Rhine Franconian:
Hessian: kihl, koil
Palatine German: kihl
Pennsylvania German: kiehl
Vilamovian: kīł

Old Norse: *kól (in derivatives)

⇒ Old Norse: kœla (< *kōlijaną)

⇒ Old Norse: kólna (< *kōlnaną)

→? Proto-Finnic: *kolëda (see there for further descendants)

Vṛddhi gerundive of *kalaną (“to be cold”).


unhulþaz

*unhulþaz (a-stem)

unhulþaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
unhulþai (masculine nominative plural strong)
unhulþō (feminine nominative singular strong)
unhulþôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
unhulþą (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
unhulþō (neuter nominative plural strong)
unhulþanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
unhulþanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
unhulþǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
unhulþōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
unhulþą (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
unhulþō (accusative neuter plural strong)
unhulþas (genitive masculine singular strong)
-is (genitive masculine singular strong)
unhulþaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
unhulþaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
unhulþaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
unhulþas (genitive neuter singular strong)
-is (genitive neuter singular strong)
unhulþaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
unhulþammai (dative masculine singular strong)
unhulþaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
unhulþaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
unhulþaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
unhulþammai (dative neuter singular strong)
unhulþaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
unhulþanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
unhulþaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
unhulþaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
unhulþaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
unhulþanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
unhulþaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
unhulþô (masculine nominative singular weak)
unhulþaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
unhulþǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
unhulþōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
unhulþô (neuter nominative singular weak)
unhulþōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
unhulþanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
unhulþanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
unhulþōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
unhulþōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
unhulþô (accusative neuter singular weak)
unhulþōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
unhulþiniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
unhulþanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
unhulþōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
unhulþōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
unhulþiniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
unhulþanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
unhulþini (dative masculine singular weak)
unhulþammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
unhulþōni (dative feminine singular weak)
unhulþōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
unhulþini (dative neuter singular weak)
unhulþammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
unhulþinē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
unhulþammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
unhulþōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
unhulþōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
unhulþinē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
unhulþammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

Old English: unhold

Old Saxon: unhold

Old Dutch:

Middle Dutch: onhout

Dutch: onhoud

Old High German: unhold

German: unhold

Old Norse: *úhollr, *óhollr

Icelandic: óhollur


þerbaz

*þerbaz (a-stem)

þerbaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
þerbai (masculine nominative plural strong)
þerbō (feminine nominative singular strong)
þerbôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
þerbą (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
þerbō (neuter nominative plural strong)
þerbanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
þerbanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
þerbǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
þerbōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
þerbą (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
þerbō (accusative neuter plural strong)
þerbas (genitive masculine singular strong)
-is (genitive masculine singular strong)
þerbaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
þerbaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
þerbaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
þerbas (genitive neuter singular strong)
-is (genitive neuter singular strong)
þerbaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
þerbammai (dative masculine singular strong)
þerbaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
þerbaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
þerbaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
þerbammai (dative neuter singular strong)
þerbaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
þerbanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
þerbaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
þerbaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
þerbaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
þerbanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
þerbaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
þerbô (masculine nominative singular weak)
þerbaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
þerbǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
þerbōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
þerbô (neuter nominative singular weak)
þerbōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
þerbanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
þerbanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
þerbōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
þerbōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
þerbô (accusative neuter singular weak)
þerbōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
þerbiniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
þerbanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
þerbōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
þerbōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
þerbiniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
þerbanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
þerbini (dative masculine singular weak)
þerbammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
þerbōni (dative feminine singular weak)
þerbōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
þerbini (dative neuter singular weak)
þerbammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
þerbinē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
þerbammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
þerbōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
þerbōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
þerbinē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
þerbammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

desctree

Old English: þeorf, þorof
Middle English: therf, tharf, tharfe, therfe, þarf, þerf, þerfe, þeorrf (Ormulum)
English: tharf (obsolete)
Scots: tharf, therf

Old Frisian: therf, derf; therve, derve

North Frisian: terew, serew

Old Saxon: thervi, tharvi

Middle Low German: derve

Old Dutch: *therf

Middle Dutch: derf

Dutch: derf (obsolete)

Old High German: derb, derp
Middle High German: derp
German: derb

Old Norse: þjarfr
Icelandic: þjarfur
Norwegian Bokmål: tjerv
Norwegian Nynorsk: tjerv
Swedish: kärv

From Proto-Indo-European *terp- (“to be stiff”). Cognate with Lithuanian tir̃pti (“to stiffen”), Latin torpeō (“to be stiff”), Old Church Slavonic трупети (trupeti, “to suffer”).
Older theories derive the root from Proto-Indo-European *(s)terbʰ- (“rigid; stiff; restricted; tight”), from *(s)ter- (“stiff”).


drūgiz

drūgiz (masculine nominative singular strong)
drūgijai (masculine nominative plural strong)
drūgī (feminine nominative singular strong)
drūgijôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
drūgį (neuter nominative singular strong)
-jatō (neuter nominative singular strong)
drūgijō (neuter nominative plural strong)
drūgijanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
drūgijanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
drūgijǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
drūgijōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
drūgį (accusative neuter singular strong)
-jatō (accusative neuter singular strong)
drūgijō (accusative neuter plural strong)
drūgijas (genitive masculine singular strong)
drūgīs (genitive masculine singular strong)
drūgijaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
drūgijaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
drūgijaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
drūgijas (genitive neuter singular strong)
drūgīs (genitive neuter singular strong)
drūgijaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
drūgijammai (dative masculine singular strong)
drūgijaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
drūgijaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
drūgijaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
drūgijammai (dative neuter singular strong)
drūgijaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
drūgijanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
drūgijaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
drūgijaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
drūgijaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
drūgijanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
drūgijaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
drūgijô (masculine nominative singular weak)
drūgijaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
drūgijǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
drūgijōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
drūgijô (neuter nominative singular weak)
drūgijōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
drūgijanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
drūgijanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
drūgijōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
drūgijōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
drūgijô (accusative neuter singular weak)
drūgijōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
drūgīniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
drūgijanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
drūgijōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
drūgijōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
drūgīniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
drūgijanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
drūgīni (dative masculine singular weak)
drūgijammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
drūgijōni (dative feminine singular weak)
drūgijōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
drūgīni (dative neuter singular weak)
drūgijammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
drūgīnē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
drūgijammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
drūgijōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
drūgijōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
drūgīnē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
drūgijammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *drūgī
Old English: drȳġe, drīġe (or < *draugī)
Middle English: drye, drie, dri, drige, dryge, drüȝe
English: dry
Scots: dry, drey
Old Frisian: *drūge, *drēge, *drūch;
North Frisian: drüg, driig
Saterland Frisian: druuch
Old Saxon: *drūgi
Middle Low German: drûge, drüge
Old Dutch: *drūgi
Middle Dutch: drughe, drueghe
Limburgish: druug
Old High German: *drūgi (northern, attested as drūgon (dat.pl.))
Middle High German: trǖge, drǖge
Central Franconian: drüch, dreich, drei
Luxembourgish: dréchen (merged with *drukn)
East Central German: treiche
German: treuge (obsolete)

Possible vṛddhi gerundive of otherwise unattested *drugijaną, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰr̥ǵʰ-yé-ti, from *dʰerǵʰ- (“to strengthen”), from *dʰer- (“to hold, hold fast, support”).


glawwaz

*glawwaz (a-stem)

glawwaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
glawwai (masculine nominative plural strong)
glawwō (feminine nominative singular strong)
glawwôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
glawwą (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
glawwō (neuter nominative plural strong)
glawwanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
glawwanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
glawwǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
glawwōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
glawwą (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
glawwō (accusative neuter plural strong)
glawwas (genitive masculine singular strong)
-is (genitive masculine singular strong)
glawwaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
glawwaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
glawwaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
glawwas (genitive neuter singular strong)
-is (genitive neuter singular strong)
glawwaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
glawwammai (dative masculine singular strong)
glawwaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
glawwaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
glawwaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
glawwammai (dative neuter singular strong)
glawwaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
glawwanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
glawwaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
glawwaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
glawwaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
glawwanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
glawwaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
glawwô (masculine nominative singular weak)
glawwaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
glawwǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
glawwōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
glawwô (neuter nominative singular weak)
glawwōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
glawwanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
glawwanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
glawwōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
glawwōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
glawwô (accusative neuter singular weak)
glawwōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
glawwiniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
glawwanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
glawwōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
glawwōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
glawwiniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
glawwanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
glawwini (dative masculine singular weak)
glawwammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
glawwōni (dative feminine singular weak)
glawwōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
glawwini (dative neuter singular weak)
glawwammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
glawwinē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
glawwammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
glawwōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
glawwōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
glawwinē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
glawwammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

Proto-West Germanic: *glauw
Old English: glēaw
Middle English: gleaw, glæu, gleu, glew
Old Saxon: glau
Old Dutch: *glao
Dutch: glouw, glooi (dialectal)
Old High German: glou, glau, klau
Middle High German: *glou (in glouheit)
German: glau (dialectal)

Old Norse: glǫggr, gløggr

Icelandic: glöggur

Faroese: gløggur

Norwegian Nynorsk: gløgg

Norwegian Bokmål: gløgg

→ Middle English: gleg

Scots: gleg

desc

Gothic: *𐌲𐌻𐌰𐌲𐌲𐍅𐍃 (*glaggws), *𐌲𐌻𐌰𐌲𐌲𐌿𐍃 (*glaggus) (in derivatives)

From Proto-Indo-European *gʰlewH- (“clear, sharp”); cognate with Old Irish gluair (“clear, clean”) and perhaps *glūnēn- (“to peer”), whence dialectal Swedish gluna (“to stare, peer”) and Latvian glũnêt (“to lour”).


gaitīnaz

*gaitīnaz (a-stem)

gaitīnaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
gaitīnai (masculine nominative plural strong)
gaitīnō (feminine nominative singular strong)
gaitīnôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
gaitīną (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
gaitīnō (neuter nominative plural strong)
gaitīnanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
gaitīnanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
gaitīnǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
gaitīnōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
gaitīną (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
gaitīnō (accusative neuter plural strong)
gaitīnas (genitive masculine singular strong)
-is (genitive masculine singular strong)
gaitīnaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
gaitīnaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
gaitīnaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
gaitīnas (genitive neuter singular strong)
-is (genitive neuter singular strong)
gaitīnaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
gaitīnammai (dative masculine singular strong)
gaitīnaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
gaitīnaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
gaitīnaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
gaitīnammai (dative neuter singular strong)
gaitīnaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
gaitīnanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
gaitīnaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
gaitīnaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
gaitīnaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
gaitīnanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
gaitīnaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
gaitīnô (masculine nominative singular weak)
gaitīnaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
gaitīnǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
gaitīnōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
gaitīnô (neuter nominative singular weak)
gaitīnōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
gaitīnanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
gaitīnanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
gaitīnōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
gaitīnōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
gaitīnô (accusative neuter singular weak)
gaitīnōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
gaitīniniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
gaitīnanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
gaitīnōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
gaitīnōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
gaitīniniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
gaitīnanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
gaitīnini (dative masculine singular weak)
gaitīnammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
gaitīnōni (dative feminine singular weak)
gaitīnōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
gaitīnini (dative neuter singular weak)
gaitīnammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
gaitīninē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
gaitīnammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
gaitīnōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
gaitīnōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
gaitīninē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
gaitīnammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *gaitīn
Old English: gǣten
Middle English: *geten, *gaiten, *goten
English: goaten (vowel restored by analogy)
Old High German: geizīn
Middle High German: geizīn
German: geißen

⇒ Gothic: 𐌲𐌰𐌹𐍄𐌴𐌹𐌽 (gaitein) (< *gaitīną)

From *gaits + *-īnaz. Cognate with Latin haedīnus.

Of or relating to goats; goatlike; caprine


þiudijaz

*þiudijaz (ja-stem)

þiudijaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
þiudijai (masculine nominative plural strong)
þiudijō (feminine nominative singular strong)
þiudijôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
þiudiją (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
þiudijō (neuter nominative plural strong)
þiudijanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
þiudijanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
þiudijǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
þiudijōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
þiudiją (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
þiudijō (accusative neuter plural strong)
þiudijas (genitive masculine singular strong)
-īs (genitive masculine singular strong)
þiudijaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
þiudijaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
þiudijaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
þiudijas (genitive neuter singular strong)
-īs (genitive neuter singular strong)
þiudijaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
þiudijammai (dative masculine singular strong)
þiudijaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
þiudijaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
þiudijaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
þiudijammai (dative neuter singular strong)
þiudijaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
þiudijanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
þiudijaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
þiudijaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
þiudijaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
þiudijanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
þiudijaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
þiudijô (masculine nominative singular weak)
þiudijaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
þiudijǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
þiudijōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
þiudijô (neuter nominative singular weak)
þiudijōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
þiudijanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
þiudijanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
þiudijōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
þiudijōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
þiudijô (accusative neuter singular weak)
þiudijōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
þiudīniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
þiudijanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
þiudijōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
þiudijōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
þiudīniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
þiudijanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
þiudīni (dative masculine singular weak)
þiudijammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
þiudijōni (dative feminine singular weak)
þiudijōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
þiudīni (dative neuter singular weak)
þiudijammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
þiudīnē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
þiudijammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
þiudijōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
þiudijōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
þiudīnē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
þiudijammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

Old Norse: þýðr
Icelandic: þýður
Faroese: týður
Norwegian Nynorsk: tyd
Norwegian Bokmål: ty

Gothic: *𐌸𐌹𐌿𐌸𐍃 (*þiuþs)

⇒ Gothic: 𐌸𐌹𐌿𐌸𐌾𐌰𐌽 (þiuþjan)

⇒ Gothic: 𐌸𐌹𐌿𐌸𐌹𐌵𐌹𐍃𐍃 (þiuþiqiss)

From Proto-Indo-European *tewH-; related to Latin tueor, tūtus.
Alternatively, from *þeudō (“people, tribe”).


ainagaz

*ainagaz (a-stem)

ainagaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
ainagai (masculine nominative plural strong)
ainagō (feminine nominative singular strong)
ainagôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
ainagą (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
ainagō (neuter nominative plural strong)
ainaganǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
ainaganz (accusative masculine plural strong)
ainagǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
ainagōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
ainagą (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
ainagō (accusative neuter plural strong)
ainagas (genitive masculine singular strong)
-is (genitive masculine singular strong)
ainagaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
ainagaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
ainagaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
ainagas (genitive neuter singular strong)
-is (genitive neuter singular strong)
ainagaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
ainagammai (dative masculine singular strong)
ainagaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
ainagaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
ainagaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
ainagammai (dative neuter singular strong)
ainagaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
ainaganō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
ainagaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
ainagaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
ainagaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
ainaganō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
ainagaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
ainagô (masculine nominative singular weak)
ainaganiz (masculine nominative plural weak)
ainagǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
ainagōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
ainagô (neuter nominative singular weak)
ainagōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
ainaganų (accusative masculine singular weak)
ainaganunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
ainagōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
ainagōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
ainagô (accusative neuter singular weak)
ainagōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
ainaginiz (genitive masculine singular weak)
ainaganǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
ainagōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
ainagōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
ainaginiz (genitive neuter singular weak)
ainaganǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
ainagini (dative masculine singular weak)
ainagammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
ainagōni (dative feminine singular weak)
ainagōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
ainagini (dative neuter singular weak)
ainagammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
ainaginē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
ainagammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
ainagōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
ainagōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
ainaginē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
ainagammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

Proto-West Germanic: *ainag
Old English: *āneġ, ǣneġ, āniġ, ǣniġ, āni (adj); ānga, ǣnga, ēnga, ǣnġe (adverb)
Middle English: aniȝ, eani, ony, eny, any
English: any
Scots: eny, ony, onie
Old Frisian: ēnig, ēnich, *ānig, ēng, āng
Saterland Frisian: enig
West Frisian: ienich
Old Saxon: ēnag, ēnig
Middle Low German: ênich
German Low German: enig
→ Danish: enig
→ Norwegian Bokmål: enig
Old Dutch: *einag, einigh
Middle Dutch: enech
Dutch: enig
Afrikaans: enig
Old High German: einag, einac; (einīg)
Middle High German: eineg, einec, einic
German: einig

Old Norse: einigr (adj); einga (adverb) (in compounds)

Icelandic: einigur

Faroese: einigur

Old Swedish: enigh

Swedish: enig

Gothic: 𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌰𐌷𐍃 (ainahs)

→ Proto-Finnic: *ainaga (see there for further descendants)

/ˈɑɪ̯.nɑ.ɣɑz/

From Proto-Indo-European *oynokós, equivalent to *ainaz + *-gaz. Cognate with Latin ūnicus.


unwerþaz

*unwerþaz (a-stem)

unwerþaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
unwerþai (masculine nominative plural strong)
unwerþō (feminine nominative singular strong)
unwerþôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
unwerþą (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
unwerþō (neuter nominative plural strong)
unwerþanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
unwerþanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
unwerþǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
unwerþōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
unwerþą (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
unwerþō (accusative neuter plural strong)
unwerþas (genitive masculine singular strong)
-is (genitive masculine singular strong)
unwerþaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
unwerþaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
unwerþaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
unwerþas (genitive neuter singular strong)
-is (genitive neuter singular strong)
unwerþaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
unwerþammai (dative masculine singular strong)
unwerþaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
unwerþaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
unwerþaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
unwerþammai (dative neuter singular strong)
unwerþaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
unwerþanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
unwerþaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
unwerþaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
unwerþaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
unwerþanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
unwerþaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
unwerþô (masculine nominative singular weak)
unwerþaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
unwerþǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
unwerþōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
unwerþô (neuter nominative singular weak)
unwerþōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
unwerþanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
unwerþanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
unwerþōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
unwerþōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
unwerþô (accusative neuter singular weak)
unwerþōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
unwerþiniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
unwerþanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
unwerþōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
unwerþōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
unwerþiniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
unwerþanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
unwerþini (dative masculine singular weak)
unwerþammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
unwerþōni (dative feminine singular weak)
unwerþōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
unwerþini (dative neuter singular weak)
unwerþammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
unwerþinē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
unwerþammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
unwerþōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
unwerþōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
unwerþinē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
unwerþammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

Proto-West Germanic: *unwerþ

Old English: unweorþ; unwierþe, unwyrþe

Middle English: unwurth, unworth; unwurthe

English: unworth; (unworthy)

Old Saxon: *unwerth

Middle Low German: unwert, unwērt

German Low German: unweert

Old Dutch: *unwerth

Middle Dutch: onwert, onweert, onwaert

Dutch: onwaard

Old High German: unwerd

Middle High German: unwërt

German: unwert

Gothic: 𐌿𐌽𐍅𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌸𐍃 (unwairþs)


dreuzagaz

*dreuzagaz (a-stem)

dreuzagaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
dreuzagai (masculine nominative plural strong)
dreuzagō (feminine nominative singular strong)
dreuzagôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
dreuzagą (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
dreuzagō (neuter nominative plural strong)
dreuzaganǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
dreuzaganz (accusative masculine plural strong)
dreuzagǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
dreuzagōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
dreuzagą (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
dreuzagō (accusative neuter plural strong)
dreuzagas (genitive masculine singular strong)
-is (genitive masculine singular strong)
dreuzagaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
dreuzagaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
dreuzagaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
dreuzagas (genitive neuter singular strong)
-is (genitive neuter singular strong)
dreuzagaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
dreuzagammai (dative masculine singular strong)
dreuzagaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
dreuzagaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
dreuzagaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
dreuzagammai (dative neuter singular strong)
dreuzagaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
dreuzaganō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
dreuzagaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
dreuzagaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
dreuzagaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
dreuzaganō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
dreuzagaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
dreuzagô (masculine nominative singular weak)
dreuzaganiz (masculine nominative plural weak)
dreuzagǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
dreuzagōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
dreuzagô (neuter nominative singular weak)
dreuzagōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
dreuzaganų (accusative masculine singular weak)
dreuzaganunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
dreuzagōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
dreuzagōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
dreuzagô (accusative neuter singular weak)
dreuzagōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
dreuzaginiz (genitive masculine singular weak)
dreuzaganǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
dreuzagōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
dreuzagōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
dreuzaginiz (genitive neuter singular weak)
dreuzaganǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
dreuzagini (dative masculine singular weak)
dreuzagammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
dreuzagōni (dative feminine singular weak)
dreuzagōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
dreuzagini (dative neuter singular weak)
dreuzagammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
dreuzaginē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
dreuzagammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
dreuzagōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
dreuzagōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
dreuzaginē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
dreuzagammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

Old English: drēoriġ, drēoreġ, drēorġ, drīoriġ
Middle English: dreorig, drerig, drerg, dreri, druri, drury
Scots: drear
English: dreary

>? Old Saxon: drōrag

Old High German: trūrag, trūreg; (*trourig?)

Middle High German: trūrec; (trōric?)

German: traurig

Yiddish: טרויעריק (troyerik)

→ Middle Dutch: truerich

Dutch: treurig

Afrikaans: treurig

→ Middle Low German: trūrich

German Low German: trürig

→ Saterland Frisian: truurich

Old Norse: dreyrigr, dreyrugr

Icelandic: dreyrugur

From *dreuzaz (“liquid; blood”) + *-gaz.


ilhilaz

*ilhilaz (a-stem)

ilhilaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
ilhilai (masculine nominative plural strong)
ilhilō (feminine nominative singular strong)
ilhilôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
ilhilą (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
ilhilō (neuter nominative plural strong)
ilhilanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
ilhilanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
ilhilǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
ilhilōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
ilhilą (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
ilhilō (accusative neuter plural strong)
ilhilas (genitive masculine singular strong)
-is (genitive masculine singular strong)
ilhilaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
ilhilaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
ilhilaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
ilhilas (genitive neuter singular strong)
-is (genitive neuter singular strong)
ilhilaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
ilhilammai (dative masculine singular strong)
ilhilaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
ilhilaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
ilhilaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
ilhilammai (dative neuter singular strong)
ilhilaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
ilhilanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
ilhilaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
ilhilaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
ilhilaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
ilhilanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
ilhilaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
ilhilô (masculine nominative singular weak)
ilhilaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
ilhilǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
ilhilōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
ilhilô (neuter nominative singular weak)
ilhilōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
ilhilanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
ilhilanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
ilhilōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
ilhilōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
ilhilô (accusative neuter singular weak)
ilhilōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
ilhiliniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
ilhilanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
ilhilōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
ilhilōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
ilhiliniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
ilhilanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
ilhilini (dative masculine singular weak)
ilhilammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
ilhilōni (dative feminine singular weak)
ilhilōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
ilhilini (dative neuter singular weak)
ilhilammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
ilhilinē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
ilhilammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
ilhilōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
ilhilōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
ilhilinē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
ilhilammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

Old Norse: illr
Icelandic: illur
Faroese: illur
Old Swedish: ilder, īller
Swedish: illa
Danish: ilde
Norwegian Bokmål: ille
Norwegian Nynorsk: ille
→ Middle English: ille, ill, il
English: ill
Scots: ill
Yola: ill

→ Proto-Finnic: *ilkëda
Estonian: ilge
Finnish: ilkeä
→ Votic: hilkiä
Ingrian: ilkiä
Karelian: (Northern) ilkie, (Southern) ilgie
Livvi: ilgei
Votic: ilka
→ Northern Sami: ilgat
→ Inari Sami: ilgâd

From Proto-Indo-European *h₁elḱ-, compare Proto-Indo-European *h₁élḱos (“sore, ulcer”). Possibly cognate with Proto-Celtic *ulkos (“bad, evil”).


mundraz

*mundraz (a-stem)

mundraz (masculine nominative singular strong)
mundrai (masculine nominative plural strong)
mundrō (feminine nominative singular strong)
mundrôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
mundrą (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
mundrō (neuter nominative plural strong)
mundranǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
mundranz (accusative masculine plural strong)
mundrǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
mundrōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
mundrą (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
mundrō (accusative neuter plural strong)
mundras (genitive masculine singular strong)
-is (genitive masculine singular strong)
mundraizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
mundraizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
mundraizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
mundras (genitive neuter singular strong)
-is (genitive neuter singular strong)
mundraizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
mundrammai (dative masculine singular strong)
mundraimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
mundraizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
mundraimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
mundrammai (dative neuter singular strong)
mundraimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
mundranō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
mundraimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
mundraizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
mundraimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
mundranō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
mundraimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
mundrô (masculine nominative singular weak)
mundraniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
mundrǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
mundrōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
mundrô (neuter nominative singular weak)
mundrōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
mundranų (accusative masculine singular weak)
mundranunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
mundrōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
mundrōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
mundrô (accusative neuter singular weak)
mundrōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
mundriniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
mundranǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
mundrōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
mundrōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
mundriniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
mundranǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
mundrini (dative masculine singular weak)
mundrammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
mundrōni (dative feminine singular weak)
mundrōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
mundrini (dative neuter singular weak)
mundrammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
mundrinē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
mundrammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
mundrōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
mundrōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
mundrinē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
mundrammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

Proto-West Germanic: *mundr

Old High German: muntar

Middle High German: munter, munder

German: munter

→ German Low German: munter

→ Dutch: monter

→ West Frisian: monter

→ Saterland Frisian: munter

→ Luxembourgish: monter

→ Danish: munter

→ Swedish: munter

→ Norwegian: munter

From Pre-Germanic *mn̥dʰrós, from Proto-Indo-European *meHndʰ- (“to see; strive; long for; be zealous for; be lively”), from *men- (“to think”).


alþizô

gem-decl-adj-table

*alþizô (n-stem)

alþizô (masculine nominative singular)
alþizaniz (masculine nominative plural)
alþizǭ (feminine nominative singular)
alþizōniz (feminine nominative plural)
alþizô (neuter nominative singular)
alþizōnō (neuter nominative plural)
alþizanų (accusative masculine singular)
alþizanunz (accusative masculine plural)
alþizōnų (accusative feminine singular)
alþizōnunz (accusative feminine plural)
alþizô (accusative neuter singular)
alþizōnō (accusative neuter plural)
alþiziniz (genitive masculine singular)
alþizanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural)
alþizōniz (feminine genitive singular)
alþizōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural)
alþiziniz (genitive neuter singular)
alþizanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural)
alþizini (dative masculine singular)
alþizammaz (dative masculine plural)
alþizōni (dative feminine singular)
alþizōmaz (dative feminine plural)
alþizini (dative neuter singular)
alþizammaz (dative neuter plural)
alþizinē (instrumental masculine singular)
alþizammiz (instrumental masculine plural)
alþizōnē (feminine instrumental singular)
alþizōmiz (feminine instrumental plural)
alþizinē (instrumental neuter singular)
alþizammiz (instrumental neuter plural)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *alþiʀō
Old English: eldra, ieldra, yldra — West Saxon
Middle English: eldre
English: elder
Scots: elder
Old Frisian: aldera, eldera, alder, elder
North Frisian: ääler, ialer
West Frisian: âlder
Old Saxon: aldiro
Middle Low German: eldere, elder, alder, ȫldere
German Low German: öller
⇒ Middle Low German: ȫlderen, olderen, oldern, oldren, alderen
German Low German: Ollern
Old High German: altiro
Middle High German: elter
Central Franconian: ääler, älder
Cimbrian: éltor
German: älter
Luxembourgish: eeler
Pennsylvania German: elder
Yiddish: עלטער (elter)
⇒ Old High German: eltiron, altirōn pl
Middle High German: eltern, altern
German: Eltern

Old Norse: ellri
Icelandic: eldri
Faroese: eldri
Norwegian Nynorsk: eldre
Norwegian Bokmål: eldre
Old Swedish: ældre
Swedish: äldre
Danish: ældre

Gothic: 𐌰𐌻𐌸𐌹𐌶𐌰 (alþiza)


mēraz

mēraz (masculine nominative singular strong)
mērai (masculine nominative plural strong)
mērō (feminine nominative singular strong)
mērôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
mērą (neuter nominative singular strong)
-at (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
mērō (neuter nominative plural strong)
mēranǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
mēranz (accusative masculine plural strong)
mērǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
mērōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
mērą (accusative neuter singular strong)
-at (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
mērō (accusative neuter plural strong)
mēras (genitive masculine singular strong)
mēris (genitive masculine singular strong)
mēraizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
mēraizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
mēraizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
mēras (genitive neuter singular strong)
mēris (genitive neuter singular strong)
mēraizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
mērammai (dative masculine singular strong)
mēraimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
mēraizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
mēraimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
mērammai (dative neuter singular strong)
mēraimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
mēranō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
mēraimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
mēraizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
mēraimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
mēranō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
mēraimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
mērô (masculine nominative singular weak)
mēraniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
mērǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
mērōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
mērô (neuter nominative singular weak)
mērōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
mēranų (accusative masculine singular weak)
mēranunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
mērōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
mērōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
mērô (accusative neuter singular weak)
mērōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
mēriniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
mēranǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
mērōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
mērōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
mēriniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
mēranǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
mērini (dative masculine singular weak)
mērammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
mērōni (dative feminine singular weak)
mērōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
mērini (dative neuter singular weak)
mērammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
mērinē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
mērammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
mērōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
mērōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
mērinē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
mērammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

Proto-West Germanic: *mār
Not directly attested in any daughter languages. Instead, see *mārī.

desc

Proto-Norse: -ᛗᚨᚱᚨᛉ (-maraʀ) (in given names)

Old Norse: -marr

Icelandic: -mar

Faroese: -mar

Gothic: *𐌼𐌴𐍂𐍃 (*mērs)

From Proto-Indo-European *meh₁-ró-s (“measurable, great”), from *meh₁- (“to measure”) + *-rós. Cognate with Proto-Celtic *māros (“big, great”)


grēdagaz

*grēdagaz (a-stem)

grēdagaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
grēdagai (masculine nominative plural strong)
grēdagō (feminine nominative singular strong)
grēdagôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
grēdagą (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
grēdagō (neuter nominative plural strong)
grēdaganǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
grēdaganz (accusative masculine plural strong)
grēdagǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
grēdagōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
grēdagą (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
grēdagō (accusative neuter plural strong)
grēdagas (genitive masculine singular strong)
-is (genitive masculine singular strong)
grēdagaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
grēdagaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
grēdagaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
grēdagas (genitive neuter singular strong)
-is (genitive neuter singular strong)
grēdagaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
grēdagammai (dative masculine singular strong)
grēdagaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
grēdagaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
grēdagaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
grēdagammai (dative neuter singular strong)
grēdagaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
grēdaganō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
grēdagaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
grēdagaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
grēdagaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
grēdaganō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
grēdagaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
grēdagô (masculine nominative singular weak)
grēdaganiz (masculine nominative plural weak)
grēdagǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
grēdagōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
grēdagô (neuter nominative singular weak)
grēdagōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
grēdaganų (accusative masculine singular weak)
grēdaganunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
grēdagōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
grēdagōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
grēdagô (accusative neuter singular weak)
grēdagōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
grēdaginiz (genitive masculine singular weak)
grēdaganǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
grēdagōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
grēdagōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
grēdaginiz (genitive neuter singular weak)
grēdaganǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
grēdagini (dative masculine singular weak)
grēdagammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
grēdagōni (dative feminine singular weak)
grēdagōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
grēdagini (dative neuter singular weak)
grēdagammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
grēdaginē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
grēdagammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
grēdagōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
grēdagōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
grēdaginē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
grēdagammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *grādag
Old English: grǣdiġ
Middle English: gredy
English: greedy
Scots: gredy, gredie
Old Saxon: grādag
Old Dutch: *grādag
Middle Dutch: gradig
Dutch: graag
Afrikaans: graag
Old High German: grātag

Old Norse: gráðigr, gráðugr

Icelandic: gráðugur

Norwegian: grådig, grådug

Old Swedish: grādhugher

Swedish: grådig (archaic)

Danish: grådig

Gothic: 𐌲𐍂𐌴𐌳𐌰𐌲𐍃 (grēdags)

/ˈɣrɛː.ðɑ.ɣɑz/

Alteration of earlier *grēdugaz, equivalent to *grēduz (“hunger”) + *-gaz.


snutraz

snutraz (masculine nominative singular strong)
snutrai (masculine nominative plural strong)
snutrō (feminine nominative singular strong)
snutrôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
snutrą (neuter nominative singular strong)
-at (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
snutrō (neuter nominative plural strong)
snutranǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
snutranz (accusative masculine plural strong)
snutrǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
snutrōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
snutrą (accusative neuter singular strong)
-at (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
snutrō (accusative neuter plural strong)
snutras (genitive masculine singular strong)
snutris (genitive masculine singular strong)
snutraizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
snutraizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
snutraizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
snutras (genitive neuter singular strong)
snutris (genitive neuter singular strong)
snutraizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
snutrammai (dative masculine singular strong)
snutraimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
snutraizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
snutraimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
snutrammai (dative neuter singular strong)
snutraimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
snutranō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
snutraimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
snutraizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
snutraimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
snutranō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
snutraimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
snutrô (masculine nominative singular weak)
snutraniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
snutrǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
snutrōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
snutrô (neuter nominative singular weak)
snutrōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
snutranų (accusative masculine singular weak)
snutranunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
snutrōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
snutrōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
snutrô (accusative neuter singular weak)
snutrōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
snutriniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
snutranǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
snutrōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
snutrōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
snutriniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
snutranǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
snutrini (dative masculine singular weak)
snutrammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
snutrōni (dative feminine singular weak)
snutrōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
snutrini (dative neuter singular weak)
snutrammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
snutrinē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
snutrammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
snutrōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
snutrōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
snutrinē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
snutrammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

Proto-West Germanic: *snotr
Old English: snotor, snottor, snoter
Middle English: snoter
⇒? Saterland Frisian: snotterch (“brilliant, super-smart”)
Old High German: snottar, snotar

Old Norse: snotr

Icelandic: snotur

Faroese: snotur-

Swedish: snotter

Gothic: 𐍃𐌽𐌿𐍄𐍂𐍃 (snutrs)

Unclear. Possibly from Proto-Indo-European *snew- (“to be fleet; flow; run; trickle”); or from Proto-Indo-European *snu- (“mind; understanding”).

unk

Unclear


frekaz

*frekaz (a-stem)

frekaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
frekai (masculine nominative plural strong)
frekō (feminine nominative singular strong)
frekôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
freką (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
frekō (neuter nominative plural strong)
frekanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
frekanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
frekǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
frekōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
freką (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
frekō (accusative neuter plural strong)
frekas (genitive masculine singular strong)
-is (genitive masculine singular strong)
frekaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
frekaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
frekaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
frekas (genitive neuter singular strong)
-is (genitive neuter singular strong)
frekaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
frekammai (dative masculine singular strong)
frekaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
frekaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
frekaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
frekammai (dative neuter singular strong)
frekaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
frekanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
frekaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
frekaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
frekaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
frekanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
frekaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
frekô (masculine nominative singular weak)
frekaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
frekǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
frekōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
frekô (neuter nominative singular weak)
frekōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
frekanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
frekanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
frekōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
frekōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
frekô (accusative neuter singular weak)
frekōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
frekiniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
frekanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
frekōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
frekōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
frekiniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
frekanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
frekini (dative masculine singular weak)
frekammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
frekōni (dative feminine singular weak)
frekōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
frekini (dative neuter singular weak)
frekammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
frekinē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
frekammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
frekōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
frekōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
frekinē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
frekammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *frek
Old English: frec
Middle English: frec, frek (merging with other synonymous words from *frakjaz, *frakaz, *frakuz)
Old Dutch: *frec
Middle Dutch: vrec
Dutch: vrek (adjective & derived noun)
Afrikaans: vrek (noun)
Old High German: freh
Middle High German: frech, vrech
German: frech

Old Norse: frekr

Danish: fræk

Faroese: frekur

Icelandic: frekur

Norwegian: frek, fræk (frøkjen)

Swedish: fräck

Elfdalian: fräk, frek

Jamtish: frøkjen

Gothic: *𐍆𐍂𐌹𐌺𐍃 (*friks) (attested in 𐍆𐌰𐌹𐌷𐌿𐍆𐍂𐌹𐌺𐍃 (faihufriks))

→ Old French: frique, fricque

Middle French: frique (merged with Middle French frisque)


managafalþaz

*managafalþaz (a-stem)

managafalþaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
managafalþai (masculine nominative plural strong)
managafalþō (feminine nominative singular strong)
managafalþôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
managafalþą (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
managafalþō (neuter nominative plural strong)
managafalþanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
managafalþanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
managafalþǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
managafalþōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
managafalþą (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
managafalþō (accusative neuter plural strong)
managafalþas (genitive masculine singular strong)
-is (genitive masculine singular strong)
managafalþaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
managafalþaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
managafalþaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
managafalþas (genitive neuter singular strong)
-is (genitive neuter singular strong)
managafalþaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
managafalþammai (dative masculine singular strong)
managafalþaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
managafalþaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
managafalþaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
managafalþammai (dative neuter singular strong)
managafalþaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
managafalþanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
managafalþaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
managafalþaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
managafalþaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
managafalþanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
managafalþaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
managafalþô (masculine nominative singular weak)
managafalþaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
managafalþǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
managafalþōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
managafalþô (neuter nominative singular weak)
managafalþōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
managafalþanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
managafalþanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
managafalþōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
managafalþōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
managafalþô (accusative neuter singular weak)
managafalþōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
managafalþiniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
managafalþanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
managafalþōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
managafalþōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
managafalþiniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
managafalþanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
managafalþini (dative masculine singular weak)
managafalþammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
managafalþōni (dative feminine singular weak)
managafalþōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
managafalþini (dative neuter singular weak)
managafalþammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
managafalþinē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
managafalþammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
managafalþōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
managafalþōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
managafalþinē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
managafalþammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

Old English: maniġfeald, mæniġfeald

desc

Middle English: manifald, monifald, manyfold, manifold

English: manifold, manyfold

Old Frisian: manichfald

Old Saxon: managfald

Old Dutch: *manigfald

Middle Dutch: menichvout

Dutch: menigvoud, menigvoudig

Old High German: manicfalt, manicfaltīg

Middle High German: manecvalt, manecvaltec

German: mannigfaltig

Old Norse: margfaldr

Icelandic: margfaldur

Norwegian: mangfoldig

Old Swedish: mangfalder

Swedish: mångfald, mångfaldig

Danish: mangefold

Gutnish: manggfaldur

Gothic: 𐌼𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌲𐍆𐌰𐌻𐌸𐍃 (managfalþs)

/ˈmɑ.nɑ.ɣɑ.ˌɸɑl.θɑz/


dunkaraz

*dunkaraz (a-stem)

dunkaraz (masculine nominative singular strong)
dunkarai (masculine nominative plural strong)
dunkarō (feminine nominative singular strong)
dunkarôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
dunkarą (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
dunkarō (neuter nominative plural strong)
dunkaranǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
dunkaranz (accusative masculine plural strong)
dunkarǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
dunkarōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
dunkarą (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
dunkarō (accusative neuter plural strong)
dunkaras (genitive masculine singular strong)
-is (genitive masculine singular strong)
dunkaraizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
dunkaraizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
dunkaraizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
dunkaras (genitive neuter singular strong)
-is (genitive neuter singular strong)
dunkaraizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
dunkarammai (dative masculine singular strong)
dunkaraimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
dunkaraizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
dunkaraimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
dunkarammai (dative neuter singular strong)
dunkaraimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
dunkaranō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
dunkaraimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
dunkaraizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
dunkaraimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
dunkaranō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
dunkaraimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
dunkarô (masculine nominative singular weak)
dunkaraniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
dunkarǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
dunkarōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
dunkarô (neuter nominative singular weak)
dunkarōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
dunkaranų (accusative masculine singular weak)
dunkaranunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
dunkarōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
dunkarōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
dunkarô (accusative neuter singular weak)
dunkarōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
dunkariniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
dunkaranǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
dunkarōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
dunkarōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
dunkariniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
dunkaranǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
dunkarini (dative masculine singular weak)
dunkarammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
dunkarōni (dative feminine singular weak)
dunkarōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
dunkarini (dative neuter singular weak)
dunkarammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
dunkarinē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
dunkarammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
dunkarōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
dunkarōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
dunkarinē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
dunkarammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

Old Frisian: *dunker, diunker, dionker

Saterland Frisian: djunker

West Frisian: donker

Old Saxon: dunkar

Middle Low German: dunker

German Low German: dunker

Old Dutch: *dunkar

Middle Dutch: donker

Dutch: donker

Similar to *dunkalaz (“dark”), a zero-grade adjective related to *dinkwa-, *dankwaz (“dark”).


dankwaz

*dankwaz (a-stem)

dankwaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
dankwai (masculine nominative plural strong)
dankwō (feminine nominative singular strong)
dankwôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
dankwą (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
dankwō (neuter nominative plural strong)
dankwanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
dankwanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
dankwǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
dankwōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
dankwą (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
dankwō (accusative neuter plural strong)
dankwas (genitive masculine singular strong)
-is (genitive masculine singular strong)
dankwaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
dankwaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
dankwaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
dankwas (genitive neuter singular strong)
-is (genitive neuter singular strong)
dankwaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
dankwammai (dative masculine singular strong)
dankwaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
dankwaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
dankwaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
dankwammai (dative neuter singular strong)
dankwaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
dankwanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
dankwaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
dankwaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
dankwaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
dankwanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
dankwaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
dankwô (masculine nominative singular weak)
dankwaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
dankwǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
dankwōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
dankwô (neuter nominative singular weak)
dankwōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
dankwanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
dankwanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
dankwōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
dankwōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
dankwô (accusative neuter singular weak)
dankwōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
dankwiniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
dankwanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
dankwōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
dankwōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
dankwiniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
dankwanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
dankwini (dative masculine singular weak)
dankwammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
dankwōni (dative feminine singular weak)
dankwōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
dankwini (dative neuter singular weak)
dankwammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
dankwinē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
dankwammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
dankwōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
dankwōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
dankwinē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
dankwammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

Old Frisian: diunk (< *dinkwaz)

Old Norse: døkkr, dǫkkr

Icelandic: dökkur

Faroese: døkkur

Norwegian:

Norwegian Nynorsk: døkk, dokk

Norwegian: dunken (dialectal)

→ Middle English: dank

Scots: donk, dunk

English: dank

From Proto-Indo-European *dʰengʷ-o-, *dʰ(e/o)ngʷ-(o)-i-; according to Pokorny, from *dʰewh₂- (“mist, smoke, haze”). Related to Hittite 𒁕𒀭𒆪𒄿 (da-an-ku-i, “dark, black, murky”).


laskaz

*laskaz (a-stem)

laskaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
laskai (masculine nominative plural strong)
laskō (feminine nominative singular strong)
laskôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
laską (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
laskō (neuter nominative plural strong)
laskanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
laskanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
laskǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
laskōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
laską (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
laskō (accusative neuter plural strong)
laskas (genitive masculine singular strong)
-is (genitive masculine singular strong)
laskaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
laskaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
laskaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
laskas (genitive neuter singular strong)
-is (genitive neuter singular strong)
laskaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
laskammai (dative masculine singular strong)
laskaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
laskaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
laskaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
laskammai (dative neuter singular strong)
laskaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
laskanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
laskaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
laskaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
laskaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
laskanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
laskaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
laskô (masculine nominative singular weak)
laskaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
laskǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
laskōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
laskô (neuter nominative singular weak)
laskōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
laskanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
laskanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
laskōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
laskōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
laskô (accusative neuter singular weak)
laskōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
laskiniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
laskanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
laskōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
laskōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
laskiniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
laskanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
laskini (dative masculine singular weak)
laskammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
laskōni (dative feminine singular weak)
laskōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
laskini (dative neuter singular weak)
laskammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
laskinē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
laskammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
laskōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
laskōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
laskinē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
laskammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

Old English: *lysċ, *lesċ

Middle English: lusch

English: lush

Old Saxon: lask

Middle Low German: lasch, las

Low German: lusch

Old Dutch: *lask

Middle Dutch: lasch

Old Norse: lǫskr

→ Middle English: *lusk

English: lusk

Compare also Latin laxus (“loose, slack, yielding”).


lamaz

*lamaz (a-stem)

lamaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
lamai (masculine nominative plural strong)
lamō (feminine nominative singular strong)
lamôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
lamą (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
lamō (neuter nominative plural strong)
lamanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
lamanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
lamǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
lamōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
lamą (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
lamō (accusative neuter plural strong)
lamas (genitive masculine singular strong)
-is (genitive masculine singular strong)
lamaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
lamaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
lamaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
lamas (genitive neuter singular strong)
-is (genitive neuter singular strong)
lamaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
lamammai (dative masculine singular strong)
lamaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
lamaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
lamaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
lamammai (dative neuter singular strong)
lamaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
lamanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
lamaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
lamaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
lamaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
lamanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
lamaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
lamô (masculine nominative singular weak)
lamaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
lamǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
lamōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
lamô (neuter nominative singular weak)
lamōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
lamanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
lamanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
lamōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
lamōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
lamô (accusative neuter singular weak)
lamōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
laminiz (genitive masculine singular weak)
lamanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
lamōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
lamōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
laminiz (genitive neuter singular weak)
lamanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
lamini (dative masculine singular weak)
lamammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
lamōni (dative feminine singular weak)
lamōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
lamini (dative neuter singular weak)
lamammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
laminē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
lamammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
lamōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
lamōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
laminē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
lamammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

Proto-West Germanic: *lam

desctree

⇒ Old English: lama
Middle English: lame
Geordie English: lyem
Scots: lame
English: lame

Old Frisian: lom, lem, lam

North Frisian: lom, laam

Saterland Frisian: lom

West Frisian: lam

Old Saxon: lam

Middle Low German: lam, lām, laem

German Low German: lahm

Old Dutch: *lam

Middle Dutch: lam

Dutch: lam

Afrikaans: lam

Limburgish: laam

Old High German: lam
Middle High German: lam
Alemannic German: lamm
German: lahm
Hunsrik: laam

⇒ Old Norse: lami

Icelandic: lami

Norwegian: lam

Old Swedish: lamber

Swedish: lam

Danish: lam

Ostrobothnian: lämin

→ Proto-Finnic: *lama (see there for further descendants)

From Proto-Indo-European *h₃lemH- (“weak, broken, soft”).


kwēmiz

kwēmiz (masculine nominative singular strong)
kwēmijai (masculine nominative plural strong)
kwēmī (feminine nominative singular strong)
kwēmijôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
kwēmį (neuter nominative singular strong)
-jatō (neuter nominative singular strong)
kwēmijō (neuter nominative plural strong)
kwēmijanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
kwēmijanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
kwēmijǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
kwēmijōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
kwēmį (accusative neuter singular strong)
-jatō (accusative neuter singular strong)
kwēmijō (accusative neuter plural strong)
kwēmijas (genitive masculine singular strong)
kwēmīs (genitive masculine singular strong)
kwēmijaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
kwēmijaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
kwēmijaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
kwēmijas (genitive neuter singular strong)
kwēmīs (genitive neuter singular strong)
kwēmijaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
kwēmijammai (dative masculine singular strong)
kwēmijaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
kwēmijaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
kwēmijaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
kwēmijammai (dative neuter singular strong)
kwēmijaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
kwēmijanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
kwēmijaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
kwēmijaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
kwēmijaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
kwēmijanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
kwēmijaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
kwēmijô (masculine nominative singular weak)
kwēmijaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
kwēmijǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
kwēmijōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
kwēmijô (neuter nominative singular weak)
kwēmijōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
kwēmijanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
kwēmijanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
kwēmijōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
kwēmijōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
kwēmijô (accusative neuter singular weak)
kwēmijōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
kwēmīniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
kwēmijanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
kwēmijōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
kwēmijōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
kwēmīniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
kwēmijanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
kwēmīni (dative masculine singular weak)
kwēmijammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
kwēmijōni (dative feminine singular weak)
kwēmijōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
kwēmīni (dative neuter singular weak)
kwēmijammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
kwēmīnē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
kwēmijammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
kwēmijōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
kwēmijōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
kwēmīnē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
kwēmijammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

Proto-West Germanic: *kwāmī

desctree

⇒ Proto-West Germanic: *bikwāmī
Old Saxon: *biquāmi
Middle Low German: bequeme, bequame
Low German: bequeem
→ Swedish: bekväm
Old Dutch: *biquāmi
Middle Dutch: bequame
Dutch: bekwaam
Old High German: biquāmi
Middle High German: bequäme
German: bequem
⇒ Old High German: unbiquāmi

Old Norse: kvæmr

Icelandic: kvæmur

Old Swedish: qvæmber

Vṛddhi gerundive of *kwemaną (“to come”).


wurhtaz

*wurhtaz (a-stem)

wurhtaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
wurhtai (masculine nominative plural strong)
wurhtō (feminine nominative singular strong)
wurhtôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
wurhtą (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
wurhtō (neuter nominative plural strong)
wurhtanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
wurhtanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
wurhtǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
wurhtōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
wurhtą (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
wurhtō (accusative neuter plural strong)
wurhtas (genitive masculine singular strong)
-is (genitive masculine singular strong)
wurhtaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
wurhtaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
wurhtaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
wurhtas (genitive neuter singular strong)
-is (genitive neuter singular strong)
wurhtaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
wurhtammai (dative masculine singular strong)
wurhtaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
wurhtaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
wurhtaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
wurhtammai (dative neuter singular strong)
wurhtaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
wurhtanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
wurhtaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
wurhtaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
wurhtaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
wurhtanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
wurhtaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
wurhtô (masculine nominative singular weak)
wurhtaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
wurhtǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
wurhtōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
wurhtô (neuter nominative singular weak)
wurhtōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
wurhtanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
wurhtanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
wurhtōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
wurhtōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
wurhtô (accusative neuter singular weak)
wurhtōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
wurhtiniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
wurhtanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
wurhtōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
wurhtōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
wurhtiniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
wurhtanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
wurhtini (dative masculine singular weak)
wurhtammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
wurhtōni (dative feminine singular weak)
wurhtōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
wurhtini (dative neuter singular weak)
wurhtammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
wurhtinē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
wurhtammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
wurhtōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
wurhtōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
wurhtinē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
wurhtammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

From Proto-Indo-European *wr̥ǵtós. Equivalent to *wurkijaną (“to work, to do work”) + *-þaz.


atalaz

*atalaz (a-stem)

atalaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
atalai (masculine nominative plural strong)
atalō (feminine nominative singular strong)
atalôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
atalą (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
atalō (neuter nominative plural strong)
atalanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
atalanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
atalǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
atalōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
atalą (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
atalō (accusative neuter plural strong)
atalas (genitive masculine singular strong)
-is (genitive masculine singular strong)
atalaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
atalaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
atalaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
atalas (genitive neuter singular strong)
-is (genitive neuter singular strong)
atalaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
atalammai (dative masculine singular strong)
atalaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
atalaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
atalaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
atalammai (dative neuter singular strong)
atalaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
atalanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
atalaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
atalaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
atalaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
atalanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
atalaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
atalô (masculine nominative singular weak)
atalaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
atalǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
atalōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
atalô (neuter nominative singular weak)
atalōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
atalanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
atalanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
atalōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
atalōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
atalô (accusative neuter singular weak)
atalōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
ataliniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
atalanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
atalōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
atalōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
ataliniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
atalanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
atalini (dative masculine singular weak)
atalammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
atalōni (dative feminine singular weak)
atalōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
atalini (dative neuter singular weak)
atalammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
atalinē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
atalammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
atalōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
atalōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
atalinē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
atalammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

Old English: atol
Middle English: ātel

Old Norse: atall, ǫtul

Possibly from Pre-Germanic/Proto-Indo-European *h₃édolos, from the root *h₃ed- (“to hate”); related to *atjaną.


gauraz

*gauraz (a-stem)

gauraz (masculine nominative singular strong)
gaurai (masculine nominative plural strong)
gaurō (feminine nominative singular strong)
gaurôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
gaurą (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
gaurō (neuter nominative plural strong)
gauranǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
gauranz (accusative masculine plural strong)
gaurǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
gaurōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
gaurą (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
gaurō (accusative neuter plural strong)
gauras (genitive masculine singular strong)
-is (genitive masculine singular strong)
gauraizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
gauraizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
gauraizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
gauras (genitive neuter singular strong)
-is (genitive neuter singular strong)
gauraizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
gaurammai (dative masculine singular strong)
gauraimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
gauraizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
gauraimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
gaurammai (dative neuter singular strong)
gauraimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
gauranō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
gauraimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
gauraizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
gauraimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
gauranō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
gauraimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
gaurô (masculine nominative singular weak)
gauraniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
gaurǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
gaurōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
gaurô (neuter nominative singular weak)
gaurōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
gauranų (accusative masculine singular weak)
gauranunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
gaurōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
gaurōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
gaurô (accusative neuter singular weak)
gaurōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
gauriniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
gauranǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
gaurōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
gaurōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
gauriniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
gauranǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
gaurini (dative masculine singular weak)
gaurammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
gaurōni (dative feminine singular weak)
gaurōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
gaurini (dative neuter singular weak)
gaurammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
gaurinē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
gaurammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
gaurōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
gaurōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
gaurinē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
gaurammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

Proto-West Germanic: *gaur

Old Dutch: *gōr

Middle Dutch: *gōr

Dutch: gor (dialectal)

⇒ Proto-West Germanic: *gaurag

Gothic: 𐌲𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍃 (gaurs)

From Pre-Germanic *gʰowro-s, probably from a suffixed form of Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰewH- (“to call on, invoke”) or from *gʰewro-. Cognate with Old Irish gúre (“pain, pang”), Sanskrit घोर (ghora, “terrible”), Proto-Slavic *žuriti (“to rage”), and Lithuanian žiaurùs.


slimbaz

*slimbaz (a-stem)

slimbaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
slimbai (masculine nominative plural strong)
slimbō (feminine nominative singular strong)
slimbôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
slimbą (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
slimbō (neuter nominative plural strong)
slimbanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
slimbanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
slimbǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
slimbōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
slimbą (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
slimbō (accusative neuter plural strong)
slimbas (genitive masculine singular strong)
-is (genitive masculine singular strong)
slimbaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
slimbaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
slimbaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
slimbas (genitive neuter singular strong)
-is (genitive neuter singular strong)
slimbaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
slimbammai (dative masculine singular strong)
slimbaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
slimbaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
slimbaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
slimbammai (dative neuter singular strong)
slimbaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
slimbanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
slimbaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
slimbaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
slimbaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
slimbanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
slimbaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
slimbô (masculine nominative singular weak)
slimbaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
slimbǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
slimbōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
slimbô (neuter nominative singular weak)
slimbōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
slimbanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
slimbanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
slimbōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
slimbōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
slimbô (accusative neuter singular weak)
slimbōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
slimbiniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
slimbanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
slimbōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
slimbōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
slimbiniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
slimbanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
slimbini (dative masculine singular weak)
slimbammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
slimbōni (dative feminine singular weak)
slimbōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
slimbini (dative neuter singular weak)
slimbammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
slimbinē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
slimbammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
slimbōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
slimbōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
slimbinē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
slimbammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

Proto-West Germanic: *slimb

Old Frisian: *slimb, *slimm

Saterland Frisian: slim

West Frisian: slim

Old Saxon: *slimb, *slimm

Middle Low German: slim

German Low German: slimm

→ Danish: slem

→ Norwegian: slem

Old Dutch: *slimb, *slemb

Middle Dutch: slimp, slemp, slim, slem; slom (“bent, crooked, twisted”)

Dutch: slim

Afrikaans: slim

→ English: slim

→ Scots: slim

Old High German: slimb

Middle High German: slimp, slim

desc

Central Franconian: schlemm, schlömm, schlomm (and older schlemp etc.)

Hunsrik: schlimm

Luxembourgish: schlamm (“lame”), schlëmm (“bad”)

German: schlimm

Gothic: *𐍃𐌻𐌹𐌼𐌱𐍃 (*slimbs)

→ Vulgar Latin: *slembus, *sclembus, *slemus, *sclemus

Italian: sghembo

Old French: esclame

Old Northern French: esclem

Sicilian: schimmenti (possibly)

Uncertain, but possibly from Proto-Indo-European *(s)lembʰ-, *(s)lemb- (“to droop; sag; hang loosely”). Compare Latvian slìps (“slanting”).


wardaz

*wardaz (a-stem)

wardaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
wardai (masculine nominative plural strong)
wardō (feminine nominative singular strong)
wardôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
wardą (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
wardō (neuter nominative plural strong)
wardanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
wardanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
wardǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
wardōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
wardą (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
wardō (accusative neuter plural strong)
wardas (genitive masculine singular strong)
-is (genitive masculine singular strong)
wardaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
wardaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
wardaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
wardas (genitive neuter singular strong)
-is (genitive neuter singular strong)
wardaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
wardammai (dative masculine singular strong)
wardaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
wardaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
wardaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
wardammai (dative neuter singular strong)
wardaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
wardanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
wardaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
wardaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
wardaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
wardanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
wardaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
wardô (masculine nominative singular weak)
wardaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
wardǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
wardōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
wardô (neuter nominative singular weak)
wardōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
wardanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
wardanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
wardōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
wardōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
wardô (accusative neuter singular weak)
wardōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
wardiniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
wardanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
wardōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
wardōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
wardiniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
wardanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
wardini (dative masculine singular weak)
wardammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
wardōni (dative feminine singular weak)
wardōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
wardini (dative neuter singular weak)
wardammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
wardinē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
wardammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
wardōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
wardōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
wardinē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
wardammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *-ward
Old English: -weard
Middle English: -warde, -ward
English: -ward
Scots: -wart, -art, -it
Old Frisian: -ward, -werd
Old Saxon: -ward
Middle Low German: -ward
Low German: -ward, -wart
Old Dutch: *-ward, *-werd
Middle Dutch: -wert, -weert, -waert
Old High German: -wart, -wert
Middle High German: -wert

Old Norse: -varðr, -verðr

Old Swedish: -varþer

Gothic: -𐍅𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌸𐍃 (-wairþs)

From earlier *warþaz, *werþaz, from Proto-Indo-European *wert- (“to turn”). Compare Latin versus.


hungrugaz

*hungragaz (a-stem)

hungragaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
hungragai (masculine nominative plural strong)
hungragō (feminine nominative singular strong)
hungragôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
hungragą (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
hungragō (neuter nominative plural strong)
hungraganǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
hungraganz (accusative masculine plural strong)
hungragǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
hungragōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
hungragą (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
hungragō (accusative neuter plural strong)
hungragas (genitive masculine singular strong)
-is (genitive masculine singular strong)
hungragaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
hungragaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
hungragaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
hungragas (genitive neuter singular strong)
-is (genitive neuter singular strong)
hungragaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
hungragammai (dative masculine singular strong)
hungragaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
hungragaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
hungragaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
hungragammai (dative neuter singular strong)
hungragaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
hungraganō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
hungragaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
hungragaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
hungragaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
hungraganō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
hungragaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
hungragô (masculine nominative singular weak)
hungraganiz (masculine nominative plural weak)
hungragǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
hungragōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
hungragô (neuter nominative singular weak)
hungragōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
hungraganų (accusative masculine singular weak)
hungraganunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
hungragōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
hungragōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
hungragô (accusative neuter singular weak)
hungragōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
hungraginiz (genitive masculine singular weak)
hungraganǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
hungragōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
hungragōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
hungraginiz (genitive neuter singular weak)
hungraganǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
hungragini (dative masculine singular weak)
hungragammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
hungragōni (dative feminine singular weak)
hungragōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
hungragini (dative neuter singular weak)
hungragammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
hungraginē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
hungragammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
hungragōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
hungragōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
hungraginē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
hungragammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

desc

Proto-West Germanic: *hungrug, *hungrīg, *hungrag

Old English: hungreġ, hungriġ, hyngriġ

Middle English: hungry

English: hungry

Scots: hungrie, houngrie, hungry

Old Frisian: hungerich

West Frisian: hongerich

Old Saxon: hungrag

Middle Low German: hungerich, hungrich, hungrig, hungereg, hungerg

Plautdietsch: hungrich

Old Dutch: *hungrag

Middle Dutch: hongerig

Dutch: hongerig

Old High German: hungarīg, hungarag

Middle High German: hungerec, hungeric, hungerc

German: hungrig

i

Old Norse: *hungrugr; *hungraðr (possibly derived from a verb, or re-analysed as though it were)

(Icelandic: hungraður)

Norwegian: hungrig

Old Swedish: hungrugr, hungrogher

Swedish: hungrig