strakaz

*strakaz (a-stem)

strakaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
strakai (masculine nominative plural strong)
strakō (feminine nominative singular strong)
strakôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
straką (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
strakō (neuter nominative plural strong)
strakanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
strakanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
strakǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
strakōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
straką (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
strakō (accusative neuter plural strong)
strakas (genitive masculine singular strong)
-is (genitive masculine singular strong)
strakaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
strakaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
strakaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
strakas (genitive neuter singular strong)
-is (genitive neuter singular strong)
strakaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
strakammai (dative masculine singular strong)
strakaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
strakaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
strakaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
strakammai (dative neuter singular strong)
strakaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
strakanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
strakaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
strakaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
strakaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
strakanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
strakaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
strakô (masculine nominative singular weak)
strakaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
strakǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
strakōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
strakô (neuter nominative singular weak)
strakōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
strakanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
strakanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
strakōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
strakōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
strakô (accusative neuter singular weak)
strakōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
strakiniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
strakanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
strakōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
strakōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
strakiniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
strakanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
strakini (dative masculine singular weak)
strakammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
strakōni (dative feminine singular weak)
strakōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
strakini (dative neuter singular weak)
strakammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
strakinē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
strakammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
strakōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
strakōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
strakinē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
strakammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *strak
Old English: stræc, strec
Middle English: *strak, streke, strik
Scots: strack
Old Frisian: *strak
Saterland Frisian: strak
West Frisian: strak
Old Saxon: *strak
Middle Low German: strak
Low German: strack
Old Dutch: *strac
Middle Dutch: strac
Dutch: strak
Limburgish: strak
Old High German: *strak (in framstrac)
Middle High German: strac
German: strack
→ Italian: stracco

From Proto-Indo-European *(s)treg- (“rigid, stiff”).


magraz

*magraz (a-stem)

magraz (masculine nominative singular strong)
magrai (masculine nominative plural strong)
magrō (feminine nominative singular strong)
magrôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
magrą (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
magrō (neuter nominative plural strong)
magranǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
magranz (accusative masculine plural strong)
magrǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
magrōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
magrą (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
magrō (accusative neuter plural strong)
magras (genitive masculine singular strong)
-is (genitive masculine singular strong)
magraizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
magraizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
magraizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
magras (genitive neuter singular strong)
-is (genitive neuter singular strong)
magraizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
magrammai (dative masculine singular strong)
magraimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
magraizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
magraimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
magrammai (dative neuter singular strong)
magraimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
magranō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
magraimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
magraizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
magraimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
magranō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
magraimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
magrô (masculine nominative singular weak)
magraniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
magrǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
magrōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
magrô (neuter nominative singular weak)
magrōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
magranų (accusative masculine singular weak)
magranunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
magrōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
magrōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
magrô (accusative neuter singular weak)
magrōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
magriniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
magranǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
magrōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
magrōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
magriniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
magranǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
magrini (dative masculine singular weak)
magrammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
magrōni (dative feminine singular weak)
magrōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
magrini (dative neuter singular weak)
magrammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
magrinē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
magrammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
magrōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
magrōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
magrinē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
magrammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *magr
Old English: mæġer
Old Frisian: *meger, *māger
Saterland Frisian: meger, meeger
West Frisian: meager
Old Saxon: *magar
Middle Low German: māger
German Low German: mager
Old Dutch: *magar
Middle Dutch: māger
Dutch: mager
Limburgish: mager
Old High German: magar
Middle High German: mager, meger
German: mager
Luxembourgish: moer
Yiddish: מאָגער (moger)

Old Norse: magr

Icelandic: magur

Faroese: magur

desc

Norwegian Nynorsk: mager; (dialectal) magur

Old Swedish: magher

Swedish: mager

Old Danish: maghær

Danish: mager

Norwegian Bokmål: mager

→ Scots: mager, maager

From Proto-Indo-European *mh₂ḱrós (“tall, thin, lean, meager”).


sīdaz

*sīdaz (a-stem)

sīdaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
sīdai (masculine nominative plural strong)
sīdō (feminine nominative singular strong)
sīdôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
sīdą (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
sīdō (neuter nominative plural strong)
sīdanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
sīdanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
sīdǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
sīdōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
sīdą (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
sīdō (accusative neuter plural strong)
sīdas (genitive masculine singular strong)
-is (genitive masculine singular strong)
sīdaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
sīdaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
sīdaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
sīdas (genitive neuter singular strong)
-is (genitive neuter singular strong)
sīdaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
sīdammai (dative masculine singular strong)
sīdaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
sīdaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
sīdaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
sīdammai (dative neuter singular strong)
sīdaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
sīdanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
sīdaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
sīdaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
sīdaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
sīdanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
sīdaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
sīdô (masculine nominative singular weak)
sīdaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
sīdǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
sīdōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
sīdô (neuter nominative singular weak)
sīdōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
sīdanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
sīdanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
sīdōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
sīdōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
sīdô (accusative neuter singular weak)
sīdōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
sīdiniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
sīdanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
sīdōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
sīdōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
sīdiniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
sīdanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
sīdini (dative masculine singular weak)
sīdammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
sīdōni (dative feminine singular weak)
sīdōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
sīdini (dative neuter singular weak)
sīdammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
sīdinē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
sīdammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
sīdōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
sīdōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
sīdinē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
sīdammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

Old English: sīd (“wide”)

Middle English: syd, syde, side

Scots: sid, side

English: side (“wide”)

Old Frisian: *sīd; sīde (adverb)

North Frisian: sid (adverb)

West Frisian: syd (“wide”, adverb)

Old Saxon: *sīd

Middle Low German: sīt (“low”); sîde (adverb)

Low German: sied

Old Dutch: *sīd

Middle Dutch: sijt (“broad, wide”); sīde (adverb)

Dutch: zijd (“wide”)

Old High German: *sīt; sīto (adverb)

Old Norse: síðr (“long, low-hanging”)

Icelandic: síður

Faroese: síður

Norwegian: sid

Old Swedish: sīþer

Swedish: sid

Danish: sid

Scanian: siðer

From Proto-Indo-European *seh₁(i)- (“to send, throw, drop, sow, deposit”). But possibly from Proto-Indo-European *seh₁- (“long, lasting”).

der

drooping, hanging down, pendulous, long, trailing


kōniz

kōniz (masculine nominative singular strong)
kōnijai (masculine nominative plural strong)
kōnī (feminine nominative singular strong)
kōnijôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
kōnį (neuter nominative singular strong)
-jatō (neuter nominative singular strong)
kōnijō (neuter nominative plural strong)
kōnijanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
kōnijanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
kōnijǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
kōnijōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
kōnį (accusative neuter singular strong)
-jatō (accusative neuter singular strong)
kōnijō (accusative neuter plural strong)
kōnijas (genitive masculine singular strong)
kōnīs (genitive masculine singular strong)
kōnijaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
kōnijaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
kōnijaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
kōnijas (genitive neuter singular strong)
kōnīs (genitive neuter singular strong)
kōnijaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
kōnijammai (dative masculine singular strong)
kōnijaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
kōnijaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
kōnijaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
kōnijammai (dative neuter singular strong)
kōnijaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
kōnijanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
kōnijaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
kōnijaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
kōnijaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
kōnijanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
kōnijaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
kōnijô (masculine nominative singular weak)
kōnijaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
kōnijǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
kōnijōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
kōnijô (neuter nominative singular weak)
kōnijōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
kōnijanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
kōnijanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
kōnijōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
kōnijōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
kōnijô (accusative neuter singular weak)
kōnijōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
kōnīniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
kōnijanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
kōnijōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
kōnijōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
kōnīniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
kōnijanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
kōnīni (dative masculine singular weak)
kōnijammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
kōnijōni (dative feminine singular weak)
kōnijōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
kōnīni (dative neuter singular weak)
kōnijammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
kōnīnē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
kōnijammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
kōnijōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
kōnijōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
kōnīnē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
kōnijammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *kōnī
Old English: cēne
Middle English: kene
Scots: keen
English: keen
Old Frisian: *kēne
Saterland Frisian: köin
West Frisian: kein
Old Saxon: *kōni
Middle Low German: kōne, köne, cōne
Old Dutch: *kuoni
Middle Dutch: coene
Dutch: koen
Afrikaans: koen
Old High German: kuoni, chuoni, kuani
Middle High German: küen, küene, küne
Alemannic German: chüe, chüen
German: kühn
Luxembourgish: kéng

Old Norse: kǿnn

Icelandic: kænn

Faroese: kønur

Old Swedish: kø̄n

Swedish: kön (archaic)

Danish: køn

Vṛddhi gerundive of *kunnaną (“to know”).


funsaz

*funsaz (a-stem)

funsaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
funsai (masculine nominative plural strong)
funsō (feminine nominative singular strong)
funsôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
funsą (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
funsō (neuter nominative plural strong)
funsanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
funsanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
funsǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
funsōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
funsą (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
funsō (accusative neuter plural strong)
funsas (genitive masculine singular strong)
-is (genitive masculine singular strong)
funsaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
funsaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
funsaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
funsas (genitive neuter singular strong)
-is (genitive neuter singular strong)
funsaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
funsammai (dative masculine singular strong)
funsaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
funsaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
funsaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
funsammai (dative neuter singular strong)
funsaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
funsanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
funsaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
funsaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
funsaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
funsanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
funsaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
funsô (masculine nominative singular weak)
funsaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
funsǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
funsōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
funsô (neuter nominative singular weak)
funsōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
funsanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
funsanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
funsōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
funsōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
funsô (accusative neuter singular weak)
funsōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
funsiniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
funsanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
funsōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
funsōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
funsiniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
funsanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
funsini (dative masculine singular weak)
funsammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
funsōni (dative feminine singular weak)
funsōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
funsini (dative neuter singular weak)
funsammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
funsinē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
funsammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
funsōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
funsōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
funsinē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
funsammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *funs
Old English: fūs
Middle English: fous, fus, fuus, vous, wous
Old Saxon: fūs
Old High German: funs
Middle High German: ?
Central Franconian: Fonz (perhaps in part)

Old Norse: fúss

Icelandic: fús

Faroese: fúsur

Norwegian: fus

Old Swedish: fūs

Swedish: fus (archaic)

Danish: fus

From earlier *fundsaz, from Proto-Indo-European *pn̥tstós, from *pent- (“to tread, go”) + *-tós, with epenthetic -s- between dentals.


wanaz

*wanaz (a-stem)

wanaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
wanai (masculine nominative plural strong)
wanō (feminine nominative singular strong)
wanôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
waną (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
wanō (neuter nominative plural strong)
wananǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
wananz (accusative masculine plural strong)
wanǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
wanōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
waną (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
wanō (accusative neuter plural strong)
wanas (genitive masculine singular strong)
-is (genitive masculine singular strong)
wanaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
wanaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
wanaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
wanas (genitive neuter singular strong)
-is (genitive neuter singular strong)
wanaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
wanammai (dative masculine singular strong)
wanaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
wanaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
wanaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
wanammai (dative neuter singular strong)
wanaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
wananō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
wanaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
wanaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
wanaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
wananō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
wanaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
wanô (masculine nominative singular weak)
wananiz (masculine nominative plural weak)
wanǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
wanōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
wanô (neuter nominative singular weak)
wanōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
wananų (accusative masculine singular weak)
wananunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
wanōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
wanōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
wanô (accusative neuter singular weak)
wanōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
waniniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
wananǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
wanōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
wanōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
waniniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
wananǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
wanini (dative masculine singular weak)
wanammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
wanōni (dative feminine singular weak)
wanōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
wanini (dative neuter singular weak)
wanammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
waninē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
wanammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
wanōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
wanōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
waninē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
wanammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

Old English: wan, won; wan-

Middle English: wan; wan-

Scots: wan-

English: wan-

Old Frisian: wan, won; wan-, won-

West Frisian: wan-

Old Saxon: wan; wan-

Middle Low German: wan; wan-

Old Dutch: *wan; *wan-

Middle Dutch: wan; wan-

Dutch: wan-

Old High German: wan; wana-, wan-

Middle High German: wan; wan-

German: wahn; wahn-

Old Norse: vanr; van-

Icelandic: vanur; van-

Faroese: vanur

Norwegian: van

Swedish: van; van-

Old Danish: van; van-

Danish: van-

→ Kildin Sami: ва̄нас (vānas)

Gothic: 𐍅𐌰𐌽𐍃 (wans)

→ Proto-Samic: *vānē (see there for further descendants)

From Proto-Indo-European *h₁weh₂-. Cognate with Latin vānus, Sanskrit ऊन (ūná).


wanaz

*wanaz (a-stem)

Old Norse: vanr

Icelandic: vanur

Faroese: vanur

Norwegian: van

Swedish: van

Old Danish: van

From *wonh₁-os, from Proto-Indo-European *wenh₁-.


faluz

faluz (masculine nominative singular strong)
faljai (masculine nominative plural strong)
falī (feminine nominative singular strong)
faljôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
falų (neuter nominative singular strong)
-jatō (neuter nominative singular strong)
faljō (neuter nominative plural strong)
faljanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
faljanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
faljǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
faljōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
falų (accusative neuter singular strong)
-jatō (accusative neuter singular strong)
faljō (accusative neuter plural strong)
faljas (genitive masculine singular strong)
falis (genitive masculine singular strong)
faljaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
faljaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
faljaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
faljas (genitive neuter singular strong)
falis (genitive neuter singular strong)
faljaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
faljammai (dative masculine singular strong)
faljaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
faljaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
faljaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
faljammai (dative neuter singular strong)
faljaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
faljanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
faljaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
faljaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
faljaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
faljanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
faljaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
faljô (masculine nominative singular weak)
faljaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
faljǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
faljōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
faljô (neuter nominative singular weak)
faljōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
faljanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
faljanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
faljōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
faljōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
faljô (accusative neuter singular weak)
faljōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
faliniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
faljanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
faljōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
faljōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
faliniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
faljanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
falini (dative masculine singular weak)
faljammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
faljōni (dative feminine singular weak)
faljōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
falini (dative neuter singular weak)
faljammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
falinē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
faljammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
faljōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
faljōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
falinē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
faljammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

Proto-West Germanic: *fali, *falu
Old English: *fæle, *felo, *fel
Middle English: fel, fell (“wicked, treacherous”) (reinforced or possibly reborrowed from Old French fel)
English: fell
Scots: fell
⇒ Old English: ælfæle, ealfelo (“very cruel”, literally “all-cruel”)
⇒ Old English: wælfel (“bloodthirsty”, literally “slaughter-cruel”)
Old Frisian: fal, fale, *fel, *fele (“terrible”) ([1404], hapax, presumed inherited, if not borrowed from Middle Dutch)
Saterland Frisian: fäl (< *fele, or borrowed from Dutch)
West Frisian: fel (< *fele, or borrowed from Dutch)
Old Saxon: *feli, *fel
Middle Low German: fel, vil (“godless, evil”) (or from Middle Dutch?)
German Low German: fell
⇒ Middle Low German: velike (“fiercely”) (or from Middle Dutch?)
Old Dutch: *feli, *fel, *felli
Middle Dutch: fel, felle (“cruel, wicked, embittered”) (reinforced or possibly reborrowed from Old French)
Dutch: fel
Old High German: *feli, *fel
Middle High German: vel (“cruel, heartless, evil”) ([± 1340, Minnereden], reinforced or possibly reborrowed from Old French)
⇒ Middle High German: velheit, felheit (“wickedness”) ([± 1340, Minnereden], or from Middle Dutch?)
→ Vulgar Latin: [Term?] (“cruel, evil”)
Old French: felon, feloun (obl.), fel, fels (nom.) (see there for further descendants)
Old Occitan: felon, felhon, fellon (obl.), fel, felh (nom.)
Occitan: fèl


bazaz

*bazaz (a-stem)

bazaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
bazai (masculine nominative plural strong)
bazō (feminine nominative singular strong)
bazôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
bazą (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
bazō (neuter nominative plural strong)
bazanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
bazanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
bazǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
bazōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
bazą (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
bazō (accusative neuter plural strong)
bazas (genitive masculine singular strong)
-is (genitive masculine singular strong)
bazaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
bazaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
bazaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
bazas (genitive neuter singular strong)
-is (genitive neuter singular strong)
bazaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
bazammai (dative masculine singular strong)
bazaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
bazaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
bazaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
bazammai (dative neuter singular strong)
bazaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
bazanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
bazaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
bazaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
bazaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
bazanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
bazaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
bazô (masculine nominative singular weak)
bazaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
bazǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
bazōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
bazô (neuter nominative singular weak)
bazōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
bazanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
bazanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
bazōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
bazōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
bazô (accusative neuter singular weak)
bazōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
baziniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
bazanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
bazōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
bazōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
baziniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
bazanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
bazini (dative masculine singular weak)
bazammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
bazōni (dative feminine singular weak)
bazōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
bazini (dative neuter singular weak)
bazammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
bazinē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
bazammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
bazōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
bazōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
bazinē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
bazammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

Proto-West Germanic: *baʀ
Old English: bær
Middle English: bare, bar, baar, bayre, bere, beare
English: bare
Scots: bare, bair
Yola: baar, baare
Old Frisian: ber
Saterland Frisian: boar
West Frisian: baar
Old Saxon: bar
Middle Low German: bâr
German Low German: baar
Old Dutch: *bar
Middle Dutch: bāer
Dutch: bar
Dutch: baar
Old High German: bar
Middle High German: bar
German: bar, baar
Yiddish: פּאַרעוו (parev)
→ English: parev, pareve
→ Old French: baraigne, baraing
Middle French: brehaigne
French: bréhaigne
→ Middle English: barain, barein
English: barren

Old Norse: berr (western), *baʀʀ (eastern)

Icelandic: ber

Faroese: berur

Norn: bjar

Norwegian: berr, bar

Old Swedish: bar

Swedish: bar

Danish: bar

Gutnish: bär, bärar


stummaz

*stummaz (a-stem)

stummaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
stummai (masculine nominative plural strong)
stummō (feminine nominative singular strong)
stummôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
stummą (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
stummō (neuter nominative plural strong)
stummanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
stummanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
stummǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
stummōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
stummą (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
stummō (accusative neuter plural strong)
stummas (genitive masculine singular strong)
-is (genitive masculine singular strong)
stummaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
stummaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
stummaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
stummas (genitive neuter singular strong)
-is (genitive neuter singular strong)
stummaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
stummammai (dative masculine singular strong)
stummaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
stummaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
stummaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
stummammai (dative neuter singular strong)
stummaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
stummanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
stummaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
stummaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
stummaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
stummanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
stummaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
stummô (masculine nominative singular weak)
stummaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
stummǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
stummōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
stummô (neuter nominative singular weak)
stummōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
stummanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
stummanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
stummōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
stummōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
stummô (accusative neuter singular weak)
stummōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
stumminiz (genitive masculine singular weak)
stummanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
stummōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
stummōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
stumminiz (genitive neuter singular weak)
stummanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
stummini (dative masculine singular weak)
stummammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
stummōni (dative feminine singular weak)
stummōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
stummini (dative neuter singular weak)
stummammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
stumminē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
stummammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
stummōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
stummōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
stumminē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
stummammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

Proto-West Germanic: *stumm
Old Frisian: stumm, stum
North Frisian: stomm, stamm
Saterland Frisian: stum
West Frisian: stom
Old Saxon: stumm, stum
Middle Low German: stum
Low German: stumm
Plautdietsch: stomm
→ Swedish: stum
Old Dutch: *stumm
Middle Dutch: stomm, stom
Dutch: stom
Berbice Creole Dutch: stom
Negerhollands: stom
→ English: stum, stoom
→ Papiamentu: stom (dated)
West Flemish: stum
Old High German: stumm, stumb, stum
Middle High German: stum
German: stumm
Luxembourgish: stomm
Yiddish: שטום (shtum)
→ English: shtum

From Pre-Germanic *stm̥Hnós, from Proto-Indo-European *stemH- (“to push, inhibit, stutter, stammer”).


starkuz

starkuz (masculine nominative singular strong)
starkijai (masculine nominative plural strong)
starkī (feminine nominative singular strong)
starkijôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
starkų (neuter nominative singular strong)
-jatō (neuter nominative singular strong)
starkijō (neuter nominative plural strong)
starkijanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
starkijanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
starkijǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
starkijōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
starkų (accusative neuter singular strong)
-jatō (accusative neuter singular strong)
starkijō (accusative neuter plural strong)
starkijas (genitive masculine singular strong)
starkīs (genitive masculine singular strong)
starkijaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
starkijaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
starkijaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
starkijas (genitive neuter singular strong)
starkīs (genitive neuter singular strong)
starkijaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
starkijammai (dative masculine singular strong)
starkijaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
starkijaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
starkijaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
starkijammai (dative neuter singular strong)
starkijaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
starkijanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
starkijaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
starkijaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
starkijaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
starkijanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
starkijaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
starkijô (masculine nominative singular weak)
starkijaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
starkijǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
starkijōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
starkijô (neuter nominative singular weak)
starkijōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
starkijanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
starkijanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
starkijōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
starkijōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
starkijô (accusative neuter singular weak)
starkijōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
starkīniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
starkijanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
starkijōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
starkijōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
starkīniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
starkijanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
starkīni (dative masculine singular weak)
starkijammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
starkijōni (dative feminine singular weak)
starkijōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
starkīni (dative neuter singular weak)
starkijammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
starkīnē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
starkijammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
starkijōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
starkijōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
starkīnē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
starkijammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *stark
Old English: starc, stearc, *stierc
Middle English: stark, sterk
Scots: stark, sterk
English: stark
Old Frisian: sterk, stark, steric
Saterland Frisian: stäärk
West Frisian: sterk
Old Saxon: stark, *sterk
Middle Low German: stark, sterk
Low German: sterk
Plautdietsch: stoakj
Old Dutch: stark, *sterk
Middle Dutch: starc, sterc
Dutch: sterk
Afrikaans: sterk
Limburgish: stèrk
Old High German: starah, starch, starc, stark
Middle High German: starc
German: stark
Luxembourgish: staark
Yiddish: שטאַרק (shtark)

Old Norse: starkr, sterkr

Icelandic: sterkur

Faroese: sterkur

Norn: stark

Norwegian:

Norwegian Bokmål: sterk

Norwegian Nynorsk: sterk

Old Swedish: starker

Swedish: stark

Danish: stærk

Elfdalian: stark

Gutnish: starkar, starkur

An o-grade adjective derived from the strong verb *sterkaną, from Proto-Indo-European *sterg- (“rigid, stiff”).


wlakwaz

*wlakwaz (a-stem)

wlakwaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
wlakwai (masculine nominative plural strong)
wlakwō (feminine nominative singular strong)
wlakwôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
wlakwą (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
wlakwō (neuter nominative plural strong)
wlakwanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
wlakwanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
wlakwǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
wlakwōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
wlakwą (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
wlakwō (accusative neuter plural strong)
wlakwas (genitive masculine singular strong)
-is (genitive masculine singular strong)
wlakwaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
wlakwaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
wlakwaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
wlakwas (genitive neuter singular strong)
-is (genitive neuter singular strong)
wlakwaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
wlakwammai (dative masculine singular strong)
wlakwaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
wlakwaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
wlakwaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
wlakwammai (dative neuter singular strong)
wlakwaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
wlakwanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
wlakwaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
wlakwaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
wlakwaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
wlakwanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
wlakwaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
wlakwô (masculine nominative singular weak)
wlakwaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
wlakwǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
wlakwōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
wlakwô (neuter nominative singular weak)
wlakwōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
wlakwanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
wlakwanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
wlakwōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
wlakwōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
wlakwô (accusative neuter singular weak)
wlakwōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
wlakwiniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
wlakwanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
wlakwōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
wlakwōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
wlakwiniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
wlakwanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
wlakwini (dative masculine singular weak)
wlakwammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
wlakwōni (dative feminine singular weak)
wlakwōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
wlakwini (dative neuter singular weak)
wlakwammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
wlakwinē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
wlakwammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
wlakwōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
wlakwōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
wlakwinē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
wlakwammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *wlaku
Old English: wlacu, wlæc
Middle English: wlak, wlach
Early Scots: *wlach, *walch, *walgh
Scots: wallachie, wauch
Old Saxon: *wlak
Middle Low German: wlak, wlack

From Proto-Indo-European *welg- (“moist, wet”).


hliwjaz

*hliwjaz (ja-stem)

hliwjaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
hliwjai (masculine nominative plural strong)
hliwjō (feminine nominative singular strong)
hliwjôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
hliwją (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
hliwjō (neuter nominative plural strong)
hliwjanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
hliwjanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
hliwjǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
hliwjōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
hliwją (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
hliwjō (accusative neuter plural strong)
hliwjas (genitive masculine singular strong)
-is (genitive masculine singular strong)
hliwjaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
hliwjaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
hliwjaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
hliwjas (genitive neuter singular strong)
-is (genitive neuter singular strong)
hliwjaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
hliwjammai (dative masculine singular strong)
hliwjaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
hliwjaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
hliwjaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
hliwjammai (dative neuter singular strong)
hliwjaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
hliwjanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
hliwjaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
hliwjaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
hliwjaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
hliwjanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
hliwjaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
hliwjô (masculine nominative singular weak)
hliwjaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
hliwjǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
hliwjōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
hliwjô (neuter nominative singular weak)
hliwjōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
hliwjanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
hliwjanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
hliwjōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
hliwjōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
hliwjô (accusative neuter singular weak)
hliwjōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
hliwiniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
hliwjanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
hliwjōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
hliwjōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
hliwiniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
hliwjanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
hliwini (dative masculine singular weak)
hliwjammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
hliwjōni (dative feminine singular weak)
hliwjōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
hliwini (dative neuter singular weak)
hliwjammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
hliwinē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
hliwjammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
hliwjōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
hliwjōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
hliwinē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
hliwjammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

Proto-West Germanic: *hliuwi

Old English: hlīwe, hlīewe, hlȳwe

Middle English: lewe

English: lew

Scots: lew

Old Norse: hlýr

Icelandic: hlýr

Faroese: lýggjur

Norwegian: ly

Swedish: ly

Danish: ly

Finlandic lect: lyi, ljoi

Gutnish: löir

From Proto-Indo-European *ḱal(w)e-, *ḱlēw- (“warm, hot”). Cognate with Lithuanian šiltas (“warm”), Latin calor (“warmth, heat”), Welsh clyd (“warm, cozy”).


hlēwaz

*hlēwaz (a-stem)

hlēwaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
hlēwai (masculine nominative plural strong)
hlēwō (feminine nominative singular strong)
hlēwôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
hlēwą (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
hlēwō (neuter nominative plural strong)
hlēwanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
hlēwanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
hlēwǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
hlēwōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
hlēwą (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
hlēwō (accusative neuter plural strong)
hlēwas (genitive masculine singular strong)
-is (genitive masculine singular strong)
hlēwaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
hlēwaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
hlēwaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
hlēwas (genitive neuter singular strong)
-is (genitive neuter singular strong)
hlēwaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
hlēwammai (dative masculine singular strong)
hlēwaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
hlēwaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
hlēwaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
hlēwammai (dative neuter singular strong)
hlēwaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
hlēwanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
hlēwaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
hlēwaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
hlēwaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
hlēwanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
hlēwaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
hlēwô (masculine nominative singular weak)
hlēwaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
hlēwǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
hlēwōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
hlēwô (neuter nominative singular weak)
hlēwōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
hlēwanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
hlēwanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
hlēwōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
hlēwōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
hlēwô (accusative neuter singular weak)
hlēwōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
hlēwiniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
hlēwanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
hlēwōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
hlēwōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
hlēwiniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
hlēwanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
hlēwini (dative masculine singular weak)
hlēwammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
hlēwōni (dative feminine singular weak)
hlēwōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
hlēwini (dative neuter singular weak)
hlēwammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
hlēwinē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
hlēwammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
hlēwōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
hlēwōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
hlēwinē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
hlēwammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *hlāu
Old English: hlēow
Middle English: lew, lewe
Scots: lew
English: lew
Old Frisian: *hliāw, *liāw
Saterland Frisian: ljou
West Frisian: lij
Old Saxon: *hlāo
Middle Low German: lau, lauw
German Low German: lau
Old Dutch: *lāo
Middle Dutch: lâeu, lau
Dutch: lauw
Afrikaans: lou
Old High German: lāo, *hlāo
Middle High German: lā (lāw-)
Alemannic German: leew
German: lau
→ Old French: [Term?], flou
Middle French: flou
French: flou
→ Middle Dutch: vlau
Dutch: flauw
→ German: flau
→ Danish: flov

desc

or from <i class="Latn mention" lang="gem-pro">*hlējaz</i>

>? Old Norse: hlær (or from *hlējaz)

Icelandic: hlær

Norwegian: læ

Danish: læ

→ Proto-Finnic: *leevä (see there for further descendants)

→? Proto-Finnic: *lauha (see there for further descendants)

From the same root of the synonym *hliwjaz as well as possibly *hlewą (“shelter”) (but see Proto-West Germanic *hlaiw for an alternative), further uncertain:
* from Proto-Indo-European *ḱleh₁-wós, from the root *ḱelh₁- ~ *ḱleh₁- (“warm, hot”). Cognate with Lithuanian šiltas (“warm”), Latin calor (“warmth, heat”), Welsh clyd (“warm, cozy”).
* a vṛddhi derivative of *hlew- (“(to) clean, bathe?”), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱlewH- (“to clean”), whence also *hlūtraz. However, even allowing for the semantic gap, the unextended root is not found in Germanic.


gōdalīkaz

*gōdalīkaz (a-stem)

gōdalīkaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
gōdalīkai (masculine nominative plural strong)
gōdalīkō (feminine nominative singular strong)
gōdalīkôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
gōdalīką (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
gōdalīkō (neuter nominative plural strong)
gōdalīkanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
gōdalīkanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
gōdalīkǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
gōdalīkōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
gōdalīką (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
gōdalīkō (accusative neuter plural strong)
gōdalīkas (genitive masculine singular strong)
-is (genitive masculine singular strong)
gōdalīkaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
gōdalīkaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
gōdalīkaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
gōdalīkas (genitive neuter singular strong)
-is (genitive neuter singular strong)
gōdalīkaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
gōdalīkammai (dative masculine singular strong)
gōdalīkaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
gōdalīkaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
gōdalīkaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
gōdalīkammai (dative neuter singular strong)
gōdalīkaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
gōdalīkanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
gōdalīkaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
gōdalīkaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
gōdalīkaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
gōdalīkanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
gōdalīkaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
gōdalīkô (masculine nominative singular weak)
gōdalīkaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
gōdalīkǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
gōdalīkōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
gōdalīkô (neuter nominative singular weak)
gōdalīkōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
gōdalīkanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
gōdalīkanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
gōdalīkōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
gōdalīkōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
gōdalīkô (accusative neuter singular weak)
gōdalīkōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
gōdalīkiniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
gōdalīkanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
gōdalīkōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
gōdalīkōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
gōdalīkiniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
gōdalīkanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
gōdalīkini (dative masculine singular weak)
gōdalīkammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
gōdalīkōni (dative feminine singular weak)
gōdalīkōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
gōdalīkini (dative neuter singular weak)
gōdalīkammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
gōdalīkinē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
gōdalīkammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
gōdalīkōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
gōdalīkōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
gōdalīkinē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
gōdalīkammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

Proto-West Germanic: *gōdalīk

Old English: gōdlīc, gōdlīċ

Middle English: goodlich, goodly

English: goodly

desc

Middle Scots: gudely, gudly, guidly, gudelie, guidlye, gwidlie, goodly

Scots: gudely, gudly, guidly

Old Frisian: gōdlīk

West Frisian: gulk

Old Saxon: gōdlīk

Middle Low German: gôtlîk

Low German: göödlich

Old Dutch: *guodlīk

Middle Dutch: goetlike, goedelike, goedelijc, goedelijck, goedlijc, goetlijc, goetelijc, guedelijc, guelijc, guetelijc, goelijc

Dutch: goedelijk (obsolete), goelijk

Old High German: guotlīh, kuotilīh, guollīh

Middle High German: guotlīch, güetlīch

German: gütlich

Old Norse: góðligr

Icelandic: góðlegur

⇒ Faroese: góðsligur

/ˈɣɔː.ðɑ.ˌliː.kɑz/


swinþaz

*swinþaz (a-stem)

swinþaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
swinþai (masculine nominative plural strong)
swinþō (feminine nominative singular strong)
swinþôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
swinþą (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
swinþō (neuter nominative plural strong)
swinþanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
swinþanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
swinþǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
swinþōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
swinþą (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
swinþō (accusative neuter plural strong)
swinþas (genitive masculine singular strong)
-is (genitive masculine singular strong)
swinþaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
swinþaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
swinþaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
swinþas (genitive neuter singular strong)
-is (genitive neuter singular strong)
swinþaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
swinþammai (dative masculine singular strong)
swinþaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
swinþaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
swinþaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
swinþammai (dative neuter singular strong)
swinþaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
swinþanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
swinþaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
swinþaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
swinþaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
swinþanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
swinþaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
swinþô (masculine nominative singular weak)
swinþaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
swinþǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
swinþōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
swinþô (neuter nominative singular weak)
swinþōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
swinþanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
swinþanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
swinþōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
swinþōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
swinþô (accusative neuter singular weak)
swinþōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
swinþiniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
swinþanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
swinþōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
swinþōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
swinþiniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
swinþanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
swinþini (dative masculine singular weak)
swinþammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
swinþōni (dative feminine singular weak)
swinþōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
swinþini (dative neuter singular weak)
swinþammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
swinþinē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
swinþammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
swinþōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
swinþōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
swinþinē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
swinþammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *swinþ
Old English: swīþ
Middle English: swith
English: swith
Scots: swith
Old Frisian: *swīth
Saterland Frisian: swied
West Frisian: swiid
Old Saxon: swīth, *swinth
Middle Low German: swît, swîde, swinde
Low German: swied, swinn
Plautdietsch: schwind
→ Polish: szwytki, świtki (“agile, quick, dashing”) (dialectal)
→ Old Ruthenian: швыдкїй (švydkij) (dialectal) (see there for further descendants)
Old Dutch: *swīth, *swinth (in placenames)
Middle Dutch: swîde, swinde
Dutch: swiet, zwiej (dialectal)
Old High German: *swind (in personal names)
Middle High German: swinde, swint
⇒ Middle High German: geswinde
Bavarian: gschwind
German: geschwind
→ Dutch: gezwind
Luxembourgish: geschwënn

Old Norse: sviðr, svinnr

Icelandic: svinnur

Faroese: svinnur

Gothic: 𐍃𐍅𐌹𐌽𐌸𐍃 (swinþs)

Uncertain; suggested to derive from Proto-Indo-European *seǵʰ- (“to overpower”), whence also *segaz (“victory”), perhaps either:
* directly inherited from Proto-Indo-European *sǵʰ-wént-s ~ *sǵʰ-unt-és, whence also variant *sundaz, from *seǵʰ- + *-wénts;
* or derived from unattested noun *swin- (“strength, power”) + *-þaz, from Proto-Indo-European *séǵʰ-wr̥ ~ *sǵʰ-wén-s (“overpowering; holding”), cognate with Ancient Greek σθένος (sthénos, “strength, power”).


druknaz

*druknaz (a-stem)

druknaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
druknai (masculine nominative plural strong)
druknō (feminine nominative singular strong)
druknôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
drukną (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
druknō (neuter nominative plural strong)
druknanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
druknanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
druknǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
druknōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
drukną (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
druknō (accusative neuter plural strong)
druknas (genitive masculine singular strong)
-is (genitive masculine singular strong)
druknaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
druknaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
druknaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
druknas (genitive neuter singular strong)
-is (genitive neuter singular strong)
druknaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
druknammai (dative masculine singular strong)
druknaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
druknaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
druknaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
druknammai (dative neuter singular strong)
druknaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
druknanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
druknaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
druknaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
druknaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
druknanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
druknaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
druknô (masculine nominative singular weak)
druknaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
druknǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
druknōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
druknô (neuter nominative singular weak)
druknōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
druknanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
druknanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
druknōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
druknōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
druknô (accusative neuter singular weak)
druknōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
drukniniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
druknanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
druknōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
druknōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
drukniniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
druknanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
druknini (dative masculine singular weak)
druknammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
druknōni (dative feminine singular weak)
druknōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
druknini (dative neuter singular weak)
druknammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
drukninē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
druknammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
druknōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
druknōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
drukninē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
druknammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *drukn
Old High German: trukkan, truckan, trokkan
Middle High German: trucken, trocken
German: trocken
Hunsrik: drock
Luxembourgish: dréchen (merged with *drūgī)
Yiddish: טרוקן (trukn)

From Proto-Indo-European *dʰerǵʰ- (“to strengthen; become hard or solid”), from *dʰer- (“to hold, hold fast, support”).


dimmaz

*dimmaz (a-stem)

dimmaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
dimmai (masculine nominative plural strong)
dimmō (feminine nominative singular strong)
dimmôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
dimmą (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
dimmō (neuter nominative plural strong)
dimmanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
dimmanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
dimmǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
dimmōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
dimmą (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
dimmō (accusative neuter plural strong)
dimmas (genitive masculine singular strong)
-is (genitive masculine singular strong)
dimmaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
dimmaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
dimmaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
dimmas (genitive neuter singular strong)
-is (genitive neuter singular strong)
dimmaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
dimmammai (dative masculine singular strong)
dimmaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
dimmaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
dimmaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
dimmammai (dative neuter singular strong)
dimmaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
dimmanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
dimmaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
dimmaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
dimmaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
dimmanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
dimmaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
dimmô (masculine nominative singular weak)
dimmaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
dimmǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
dimmōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
dimmô (neuter nominative singular weak)
dimmōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
dimmanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
dimmanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
dimmōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
dimmōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
dimmô (accusative neuter singular weak)
dimmōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
dimminiz (genitive masculine singular weak)
dimmanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
dimmōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
dimmōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
dimminiz (genitive neuter singular weak)
dimmanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
dimmini (dative masculine singular weak)
dimmammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
dimmōni (dative feminine singular weak)
dimmōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
dimmini (dative neuter singular weak)
dimmammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
dimminē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
dimmammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
dimmōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
dimmōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
dimminē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
dimmammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

Proto-West Germanic: *dimm, *dimr

Old English: dimm, dim

Middle English: dim

Scots: dim

English: dim

→ Dutch: dim

Old Frisian: dimm, dim

Old Saxon: *dimm, thimm, thim

Old High German: timbar (< *dimr < *dimzaz)

Middle High German: timber

Bavarian: dumper

German: dimper

Old Norse: dimmr

Icelandic: dimmur

Faroese: dimmur

Norwegian: dimm, dim

Danish: dim

Old Swedish: dimber

From Proto-Indo-European *dʰemH- (“to whisk, smoke, blow; dust, haze, cloud; obscure”).


laiþaz

*laiþaz (a-stem)

laiþaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
laiþai (masculine nominative plural strong)
laiþō (feminine nominative singular strong)
laiþôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
laiþą (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
laiþō (neuter nominative plural strong)
laiþanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
laiþanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
laiþǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
laiþōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
laiþą (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
laiþō (accusative neuter plural strong)
laiþas (genitive masculine singular strong)
-is (genitive masculine singular strong)
laiþaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
laiþaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
laiþaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
laiþas (genitive neuter singular strong)
-is (genitive neuter singular strong)
laiþaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
laiþammai (dative masculine singular strong)
laiþaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
laiþaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
laiþaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
laiþammai (dative neuter singular strong)
laiþaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
laiþanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
laiþaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
laiþaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
laiþaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
laiþanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
laiþaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
laiþô (masculine nominative singular weak)
laiþaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
laiþǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
laiþōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
laiþô (neuter nominative singular weak)
laiþōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
laiþanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
laiþanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
laiþōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
laiþōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
laiþô (accusative neuter singular weak)
laiþōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
laiþiniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
laiþanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
laiþōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
laiþōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
laiþiniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
laiþanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
laiþini (dative masculine singular weak)
laiþammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
laiþōni (dative feminine singular weak)
laiþōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
laiþini (dative neuter singular weak)
laiþammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
laiþinē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
laiþammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
laiþōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
laiþōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
laiþinē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
laiþammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *laiþ
Old English: lāþ
Middle English: lath, loth, lothe
Scots: lathe, laith
English: loath
Scots: lothe, loith
Old Frisian: lēth
Saterland Frisian: läid
West Frisian: leed
Old Saxon: lēth
Middle Low German: lêt, leit
Low German:
Westphalian:
Münsterländisch: leed
Westmünsterländisch: leed
Old Dutch: lēth
Middle Dutch: lêet
Dutch: leed
Old High German: leid
Middle High German: leit
German: leid
Silesian: leed
→ Vulgar Latin: *laidum (see there for further descendants)

Old Norse: leiðr
Icelandic: leiður
Faroese: leiður
Norwegian: leid, led
Old Swedish: lēþer
Swedish: led
Old Danish: lēth
Danish: led
Elfdalian: lieð
Gutnish: laidar
Scanian: leðer

From Proto-Indo-European *h₂leytos (“abhorrence, loath”), from *h₂leyt- (“to do something hateful, abhorrent”). Cognate with Proto-Celtic *lissus (“abhorrence”) (compare Old Irish lius, liuss (“loathing, disgust”)), Ancient Greek ἀλιτρός (alitrós, “sinful, wicked”).


tanhuz

tanhuz (masculine nominative singular strong)
tanhijai (masculine nominative plural strong)
tanhī (feminine nominative singular strong)
tanhijôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
tanhų (neuter nominative singular strong)
-jatō (neuter nominative singular strong)
tanhijō (neuter nominative plural strong)
tanhijanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
tanhijanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
tanhijǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
tanhijōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
tanhų (accusative neuter singular strong)
-jatō (accusative neuter singular strong)
tanhijō (accusative neuter plural strong)
tanhijas (genitive masculine singular strong)
tanhīs (genitive masculine singular strong)
tanhijaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
tanhijaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
tanhijaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
tanhijas (genitive neuter singular strong)
tanhīs (genitive neuter singular strong)
tanhijaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
tanhijammai (dative masculine singular strong)
tanhijaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
tanhijaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
tanhijaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
tanhijammai (dative neuter singular strong)
tanhijaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
tanhijanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
tanhijaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
tanhijaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
tanhijaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
tanhijanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
tanhijaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
tanhijô (masculine nominative singular weak)
tanhijaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
tanhijǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
tanhijōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
tanhijô (neuter nominative singular weak)
tanhijōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
tanhijanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
tanhijanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
tanhijōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
tanhijōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
tanhijô (accusative neuter singular weak)
tanhijōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
tanhīniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
tanhijanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
tanhijōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
tanhijōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
tanhīniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
tanhijanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
tanhīni (dative masculine singular weak)
tanhijammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
tanhijōni (dative feminine singular weak)
tanhijōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
tanhīni (dative neuter singular weak)
tanhijammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
tanhīnē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
tanhijammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
tanhijōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
tanhijōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
tanhīnē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
tanhijammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *tą̄h(ī)
Old English: tōh
Middle English: toȝ, tou, towgh, tough
Scots: teuch
English: tough
→ Swedish: tuff
→ Norwegian Bokmål: tøff
→ Norwegian Nynorsk: tøff
Old Frisian: *tāi
North Frisian: toi
Saterland Frisian: toai
West Frisian: taai
Old Saxon: *tāh, *tāhi
Middle Low German: tā, taie, tēge, teie
Low German: taa, taë, tage, taag
German Low German: taai
Old Dutch: *tāi
Middle Dutch: tâie, tây, tâey
Dutch: taai
Afrikaans: taai
Old High German: zāh, zāhi
Middle High German: zāch, zǣhe, zǣh, zǣch
German: zähe, zäh
Bavarian: zach (pronounced [tsaːx])
Luxembourgish: zéi

From Proto-Indo-European *denḱ- (“to bite”).

holding together; clinging; sticky; tenacious; tough


lasiwaz

*lasiwaz (a-stem)

lasiwaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
lasiwai (masculine nominative plural strong)
lasiwō (feminine nominative singular strong)
lasiwôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
lasiwą (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
lasiwō (neuter nominative plural strong)
lasiwanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
lasiwanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
lasiwǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
lasiwōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
lasiwą (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
lasiwō (accusative neuter plural strong)
lasiwas (genitive masculine singular strong)
-is (genitive masculine singular strong)
lasiwaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
lasiwaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
lasiwaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
lasiwas (genitive neuter singular strong)
-is (genitive neuter singular strong)
lasiwaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
lasiwammai (dative masculine singular strong)
lasiwaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
lasiwaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
lasiwaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
lasiwammai (dative neuter singular strong)
lasiwaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
lasiwanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
lasiwaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
lasiwaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
lasiwaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
lasiwanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
lasiwaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
lasiwô (masculine nominative singular weak)
lasiwaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
lasiwǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
lasiwōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
lasiwô (neuter nominative singular weak)
lasiwōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
lasiwanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
lasiwanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
lasiwōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
lasiwōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
lasiwô (accusative neuter singular weak)
lasiwōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
lasiwiniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
lasiwanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
lasiwōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
lasiwōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
lasiwiniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
lasiwanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
lasiwini (dative masculine singular weak)
lasiwammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
lasiwōni (dative feminine singular weak)
lasiwōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
lasiwini (dative neuter singular weak)
lasiwammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
lasiwinē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
lasiwammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
lasiwōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
lasiwōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
lasiwinē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
lasiwammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

Old English: lesu, *liesu, lysu; lyswen, lyssen

Old High German: *leso; *leswēn, *irleswēn

Middle High German: erleswen

Gothic: 𐌻𐌰𐍃𐌹𐍅𐍃 (lasiws)

From Proto-Indo-European *leh₁s- (“limp, weak”).


geraz

*geraz (a-stem)

geraz (masculine nominative singular strong)
gerai (masculine nominative plural strong)
gerō (feminine nominative singular strong)
gerôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
gerą (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
gerō (neuter nominative plural strong)
geranǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
geranz (accusative masculine plural strong)
gerǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
gerōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
gerą (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
gerō (accusative neuter plural strong)
geras (genitive masculine singular strong)
-is (genitive masculine singular strong)
geraizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
geraizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
geraizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
geras (genitive neuter singular strong)
-is (genitive neuter singular strong)
geraizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
gerammai (dative masculine singular strong)
geraimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
geraizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
geraimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
gerammai (dative neuter singular strong)
geraimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
geranō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
geraimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
geraizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
geraimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
geranō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
geraimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
gerô (masculine nominative singular weak)
geraniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
gerǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
gerōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
gerô (neuter nominative singular weak)
gerōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
geranų (accusative masculine singular weak)
geranunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
gerōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
gerōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
gerô (accusative neuter singular weak)
gerōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
geriniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
geranǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
gerōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
gerōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
geriniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
geranǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
gerini (dative masculine singular weak)
gerammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
gerōni (dative feminine singular weak)
gerōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
gerini (dative neuter singular weak)
gerammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
gerinē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
gerammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
gerōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
gerōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
gerinē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
gerammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

Proto-West Germanic: *ger

Old High German: ger, giri

Old Norse: gerr

Icelandic: ger

Norwegian Nynorsk: gjer

⇒ Old Norse: Geri

→ Icelandic: Geri

→ Faroese: Geri

→ Norwegian: Gjere

→ Swedish: Gere

→ Danish: Gere


faihaz

*faihaz (a-stem)

faihaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
faihai (masculine nominative plural strong)
faihō (feminine nominative singular strong)
faihôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
faihą (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
faihō (neuter nominative plural strong)
faihanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
faihanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
faihǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
faihōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
faihą (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
faihō (accusative neuter plural strong)
faihas (genitive masculine singular strong)
-is (genitive masculine singular strong)
faihaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
faihaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
faihaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
faihas (genitive neuter singular strong)
-is (genitive neuter singular strong)
faihaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
faihammai (dative masculine singular strong)
faihaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
faihaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
faihaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
faihammai (dative neuter singular strong)
faihaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
faihanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
faihaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
faihaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
faihaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
faihanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
faihaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
faihô (masculine nominative singular weak)
faihaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
faihǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
faihōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
faihô (neuter nominative singular weak)
faihōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
faihanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
faihanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
faihōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
faihōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
faihô (accusative neuter singular weak)
faihōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
faihiniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
faihanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
faihōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
faihōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
faihiniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
faihanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
faihini (dative masculine singular weak)
faihammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
faihōni (dative feminine singular weak)
faihōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
faihini (dative neuter singular weak)
faihammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
faihinē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
faihammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
faihōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
faihōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
faihinē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
faihammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *faih
Old English: fāh, fāg
Middle English: fou, fāh, fow, foȝ, fawe
Scots: faw
Old Saxon: fēh
Middle Low German: *vê (in compound vêwerk, veewerk)
Old High German: fēh
Middle High German: vēch, vēhe, vē
German: Feh; (obsolete) fech, feh

Gothic: *𐍆𐌰𐌹𐌷𐍃 (*faihs) (in 𐍆𐌹𐌻𐌿𐍆𐌰𐌹𐌷𐍃 (filufaihs))

From Proto-Indo-European *póyḱos, from *peyḱ- (“to mark, color, decorate, embroider”).


faihaz

*faihaz (a-stem)

Proto-West Germanic: *faih
Old English: fāh
Middle English: fo
English: foe
Old Frisian: fāch
Old Dutch: *fēh, *gifēh
Middle Dutch: vêe, gevêe
Old High German: gifēh
Middle High German: gevēch, gevē

From Proto-Indo-European *peyḱ- (“to be angry, hostile, evil; enemy”).


bausuz

bausuz (masculine nominative singular strong)
bausijai (masculine nominative plural strong)
bausī (feminine nominative singular strong)
bausijôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
bausų (neuter nominative singular strong)
-jatō (neuter nominative singular strong)
bausijō (neuter nominative plural strong)
bausijanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
bausijanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
bausijǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
bausijōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
bausų (accusative neuter singular strong)
-jatō (accusative neuter singular strong)
bausijō (accusative neuter plural strong)
bausijas (genitive masculine singular strong)
bausīs (genitive masculine singular strong)
bausijaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
bausijaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
bausijaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
bausijas (genitive neuter singular strong)
bausīs (genitive neuter singular strong)
bausijaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
bausijammai (dative masculine singular strong)
bausijaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
bausijaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
bausijaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
bausijammai (dative neuter singular strong)
bausijaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
bausijanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
bausijaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
bausijaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
bausijaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
bausijanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
bausijaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
bausijô (masculine nominative singular weak)
bausijaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
bausijǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
bausijōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
bausijô (neuter nominative singular weak)
bausijōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
bausijanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
bausijanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
bausijōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
bausijōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
bausijô (accusative neuter singular weak)
bausijōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
bausīniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
bausijanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
bausijōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
bausijōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
bausīniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
bausijanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
bausīni (dative masculine singular weak)
bausijammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
bausijōni (dative feminine singular weak)
bausijōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
bausīni (dative neuter singular weak)
bausijammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
bausīnē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
bausijammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
bausijōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
bausijōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
bausīnē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
bausijammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *bausī
Old Saxon: bōsi
Middle Low German: bōse
German Low German: böös
→ Old Frisian: bose
West Frisian: boas, boase
Old Dutch: bōsi
Middle Dutch: bôse
Dutch: boos
Afrikaans: boos
Old High German: bōsi, pōsi
Middle High German: bōse
Alemannic German: bös
Swabian: béés, béas
Bavarian: bees
Cimbrian: pöoze
German: böse
Luxembourgish: béis
Yiddish: בייז (beyz)
→ Vulgar Latin: *bausia, *bosius, *bōsia
Old French: boise, boisie
→ Middle High German: posse
German: Posse
→ Middle Low German: bosse, bōtze
Old Occitan: bauzia
Occitan: bauze; bauzia; bauzar
→ Italian: bugia; bugiare; bugiardo
→ English: bugiard

>? Old Norse: *bauss, *beyss

Norwegian: baus; bos, bys

→ Middle English: bosten

English: boast

Scots: bost, boist

→ Old French: bost

From Proto-Indo-European *bʰew-, *bew- (“to blow, inflate, swell”).


westrōnijaz

*westrōnijaz (ja-stem)

westrōnijaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
westrōnijai (masculine nominative plural strong)
westrōnijō (feminine nominative singular strong)
westrōnijôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
westrōniją (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
westrōnijō (neuter nominative plural strong)
westrōnijanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
westrōnijanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
westrōnijǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
westrōnijōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
westrōniją (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
westrōnijō (accusative neuter plural strong)
westrōnijas (genitive masculine singular strong)
-īs (genitive masculine singular strong)
westrōnijaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
westrōnijaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
westrōnijaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
westrōnijas (genitive neuter singular strong)
-īs (genitive neuter singular strong)
westrōnijaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
westrōnijammai (dative masculine singular strong)
westrōnijaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
westrōnijaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
westrōnijaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
westrōnijammai (dative neuter singular strong)
westrōnijaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
westrōnijanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
westrōnijaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
westrōnijaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
westrōnijaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
westrōnijanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
westrōnijaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
westrōnijô (masculine nominative singular weak)
westrōnijaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
westrōnijǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
westrōnijōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
westrōnijô (neuter nominative singular weak)
westrōnijōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
westrōnijanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
westrōnijanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
westrōnijōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
westrōnijōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
westrōnijô (accusative neuter singular weak)
westrōnijōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
westrōnīniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
westrōnijanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
westrōnijōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
westrōnijōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
westrōnīniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
westrōnijanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
westrōnīni (dative masculine singular weak)
westrōnijammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
westrōnijōni (dative feminine singular weak)
westrōnijōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
westrōnīni (dative neuter singular weak)
westrōnijammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
westrōnīnē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
westrōnijammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
westrōnijōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
westrōnijōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
westrōnīnē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
westrōnijammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

Proto-West Germanic: *westrōnī
Old English: westerne
Middle English: westerne, western, westeren, westrene, westryn, westeryn
English: western
Scots: wastren
Old Saxon: westrōni
Old High German: westrōni

Old Norse: vestrǿnn, vestrœnn
Icelandic: vestrænn
Norwegian Nynorsk: vestrøn
Icelandic: vestrænn
Norwegian Nynorsk: vestrøn


sunþrōnijaz

*sunþrōnijaz (ja-stem)

sunþrōnijaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
sunþrōnijai (masculine nominative plural strong)
sunþrōnijō (feminine nominative singular strong)
sunþrōnijôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
sunþrōniją (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
sunþrōnijō (neuter nominative plural strong)
sunþrōnijanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
sunþrōnijanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
sunþrōnijǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
sunþrōnijōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
sunþrōniją (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
sunþrōnijō (accusative neuter plural strong)
sunþrōnijas (genitive masculine singular strong)
-īs (genitive masculine singular strong)
sunþrōnijaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
sunþrōnijaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
sunþrōnijaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
sunþrōnijas (genitive neuter singular strong)
-īs (genitive neuter singular strong)
sunþrōnijaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
sunþrōnijammai (dative masculine singular strong)
sunþrōnijaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
sunþrōnijaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
sunþrōnijaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
sunþrōnijammai (dative neuter singular strong)
sunþrōnijaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
sunþrōnijanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
sunþrōnijaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
sunþrōnijaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
sunþrōnijaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
sunþrōnijanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
sunþrōnijaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
sunþrōnijô (masculine nominative singular weak)
sunþrōnijaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
sunþrōnijǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
sunþrōnijōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
sunþrōnijô (neuter nominative singular weak)
sunþrōnijōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
sunþrōnijanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
sunþrōnijanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
sunþrōnijōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
sunþrōnijōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
sunþrōnijô (accusative neuter singular weak)
sunþrōnijōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
sunþrōnīniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
sunþrōnijanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
sunþrōnijōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
sunþrōnijōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
sunþrōnīniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
sunþrōnijanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
sunþrōnīni (dative masculine singular weak)
sunþrōnijammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
sunþrōnijōni (dative feminine singular weak)
sunþrōnijōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
sunþrōnīni (dative neuter singular weak)
sunþrōnijammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
sunþrōnīnē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
sunþrōnijammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
sunþrōnijōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
sunþrōnijōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
sunþrōnīnē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
sunþrōnijammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

Proto-West Germanic: *sunþrōnī
Old English: sūþerne
Middle English: southerne, southern, southorn, souþerne, souþþerne, suðerne, souþrene, sotheren, southren, sotherin, sowþirne
English: southern, southron
Scots: soothren
Old Frisian: sūthern
Old Saxon: sūthrōni
Old High German: sundrōni

Old Norse: suðrǿnn, suðrœnn
Icelandic: suðrænn
Norwegian Nynorsk: sudrøn, sørrøn
Icelandic: suðrænn
Norwegian Nynorsk: sudrøn, sørrøn


birkīnaz

*birkīnaz (a-stem)

birkīnaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
birkīnai (masculine nominative plural strong)
birkīnō (feminine nominative singular strong)
birkīnôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
birkīną (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
birkīnō (neuter nominative plural strong)
birkīnanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
birkīnanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
birkīnǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
birkīnōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
birkīną (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
birkīnō (accusative neuter plural strong)
birkīnas (genitive masculine singular strong)
-is (genitive masculine singular strong)
birkīnaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
birkīnaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
birkīnaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
birkīnas (genitive neuter singular strong)
-is (genitive neuter singular strong)
birkīnaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
birkīnammai (dative masculine singular strong)
birkīnaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
birkīnaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
birkīnaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
birkīnammai (dative neuter singular strong)
birkīnaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
birkīnanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
birkīnaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
birkīnaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
birkīnaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
birkīnanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
birkīnaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
birkīnô (masculine nominative singular weak)
birkīnaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
birkīnǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
birkīnōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
birkīnô (neuter nominative singular weak)
birkīnōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
birkīnanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
birkīnanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
birkīnōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
birkīnōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
birkīnô (accusative neuter singular weak)
birkīnōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
birkīniniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
birkīnanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
birkīnōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
birkīnōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
birkīniniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
birkīnanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
birkīnini (dative masculine singular weak)
birkīnammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
birkīnōni (dative feminine singular weak)
birkīnōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
birkīnini (dative neuter singular weak)
birkīnammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
birkīninē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
birkīnammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
birkīnōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
birkīnōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
birkīninē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
birkīnammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

Proto-West Germanic: *birkīn
Old English: bierċen, beorcen
Middle English: birken, birchen
Scots: birkin
English: birchen
Old Saxon: *birkīn
Low German: berken
Old Dutch: *birkin
Dutch: berken
Old High German: birkīn
German: birken
Luxembourgish: biirken

Old Norse: birkinn

Icelandic: birkinn


aikīnaz

*aikīnaz (a-stem)

aikīnaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
aikīnai (masculine nominative plural strong)
aikīnō (feminine nominative singular strong)
aikīnôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
aikīną (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
aikīnō (neuter nominative plural strong)
aikīnanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
aikīnanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
aikīnǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
aikīnōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
aikīną (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
aikīnō (accusative neuter plural strong)
aikīnas (genitive masculine singular strong)
-is (genitive masculine singular strong)
aikīnaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
aikīnaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
aikīnaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
aikīnas (genitive neuter singular strong)
-is (genitive neuter singular strong)
aikīnaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
aikīnammai (dative masculine singular strong)
aikīnaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
aikīnaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
aikīnaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
aikīnammai (dative neuter singular strong)
aikīnaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
aikīnanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
aikīnaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
aikīnaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
aikīnaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
aikīnanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
aikīnaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
aikīnô (masculine nominative singular weak)
aikīnaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
aikīnǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
aikīnōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
aikīnô (neuter nominative singular weak)
aikīnōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
aikīnanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
aikīnanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
aikīnōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
aikīnōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
aikīnô (accusative neuter singular weak)
aikīnōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
aikīniniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
aikīnanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
aikīnōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
aikīnōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
aikīniniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
aikīnanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
aikīnini (dative masculine singular weak)
aikīnammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
aikīnōni (dative feminine singular weak)
aikīnōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
aikīnini (dative neuter singular weak)
aikīnammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
aikīninē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
aikīnammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
aikīnōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
aikīnōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
aikīninē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
aikīnammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

Proto-West Germanic: *aikīn
Old English: ǣċen, ācen
Middle English: oken, okene, okyn, aken, eken
English: oaken
Scots: aiken
Old Frisian: ēzen, ētzen
Old High German: eihhīn
German: eichen
Luxembourgish: eechen

Old Norse: eikinn

Icelandic: eikinn

Faroese: eikin

Swedish: eken


nurþrōnijaz

*nurþrōnijaz (ja-stem)

nurþrōnijaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
nurþrōnijai (masculine nominative plural strong)
nurþrōnijō (feminine nominative singular strong)
nurþrōnijôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
nurþrōniją (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
nurþrōnijō (neuter nominative plural strong)
nurþrōnijanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
nurþrōnijanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
nurþrōnijǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
nurþrōnijōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
nurþrōniją (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
nurþrōnijō (accusative neuter plural strong)
nurþrōnijas (genitive masculine singular strong)
-īs (genitive masculine singular strong)
nurþrōnijaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
nurþrōnijaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
nurþrōnijaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
nurþrōnijas (genitive neuter singular strong)
-īs (genitive neuter singular strong)
nurþrōnijaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
nurþrōnijammai (dative masculine singular strong)
nurþrōnijaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
nurþrōnijaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
nurþrōnijaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
nurþrōnijammai (dative neuter singular strong)
nurþrōnijaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
nurþrōnijanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
nurþrōnijaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
nurþrōnijaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
nurþrōnijaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
nurþrōnijanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
nurþrōnijaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
nurþrōnijô (masculine nominative singular weak)
nurþrōnijaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
nurþrōnijǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
nurþrōnijōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
nurþrōnijô (neuter nominative singular weak)
nurþrōnijōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
nurþrōnijanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
nurþrōnijanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
nurþrōnijōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
nurþrōnijōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
nurþrōnijô (accusative neuter singular weak)
nurþrōnijōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
nurþrōnīniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
nurþrōnijanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
nurþrōnijōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
nurþrōnijōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
nurþrōnīniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
nurþrōnijanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
nurþrōnīni (dative masculine singular weak)
nurþrōnijammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
nurþrōnijōni (dative feminine singular weak)
nurþrōnijōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
nurþrōnīni (dative neuter singular weak)
nurþrōnijammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
nurþrōnīnē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
nurþrōnijammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
nurþrōnijōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
nurþrōnijōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
nurþrōnīnē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
nurþrōnijammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

Proto-West Germanic: *norþrōnī
Old English: norþerne
Middle English: northerne, northern, northren, norþern, norþrene, northeren, northrene
English: northern
Scots: northern, nordern, northren
Old High German: nordarōni, nordrōni

Old Norse: norrǿnn, norrœnn
Icelandic: norrænn
Faroese: norrønur
Norwegian Nynorsk: norrøn
Old Swedish: noren, noræn
Swedish: norrön
⇒ Old Swedish: nornisker, norsker
Swedish: norsk, norska
Old Danish: noræn
⇒ Old Danish: nornst; norskæ pl
Danish: norsk
Norwegian Bokmål: norsk
→ Danish: norrøn (learned)
Norwegian Bokmål: norrøn
⇒ Middle Norwegian: nornskr m, nornst n (= nornskt)
Norwegian Nynorsk: norsk
Icelandic: norrænn
Faroese: norrønur
Norwegian Nynorsk: norrøn
Old Swedish: noren, noræn
Swedish: norrön
⇒ Old Swedish: nornisker, norsker
Swedish: norsk, norska
Old Danish: noræn
⇒ Old Danish: nornst; norskæ pl
Danish: norsk
Norwegian Bokmål: norsk
→ Danish: norrøn (learned)
Norwegian Bokmål: norrøn
⇒ Middle Norwegian: nornskr m, nornst n (= nornskt)
Norwegian Nynorsk: norsk