failijaz

*failijaz (ja-stem)

failijaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
failijai (masculine nominative plural strong)
failijō (feminine nominative singular strong)
failijôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
failiją (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
failijō (neuter nominative plural strong)
failijanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
failijanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
failijǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
failijōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
failiją (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
failijō (accusative neuter plural strong)
failijas (genitive masculine singular strong)
-īs (genitive masculine singular strong)
failijaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
failijaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
failijaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
failijas (genitive neuter singular strong)
-īs (genitive neuter singular strong)
failijaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
failijammai (dative masculine singular strong)
failijaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
failijaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
failijaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
failijammai (dative neuter singular strong)
failijaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
failijanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
failijaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
failijaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
failijaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
failijanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
failijaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
failijô (masculine nominative singular weak)
failijaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
failijǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
failijōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
failijô (neuter nominative singular weak)
failijōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
failijanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
failijanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
failijōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
failijōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
failijô (accusative neuter singular weak)
failijōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
failīniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
failijanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
failijōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
failijōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
failīniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
failijanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
failīni (dative masculine singular weak)
failijammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
failijōni (dative feminine singular weak)
failijōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
failīni (dative neuter singular weak)
failijammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
failīnē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
failijammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
failijōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
failijōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
failīnē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
failijammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

Proto-West Germanic: *failī
Old English: fǣle
Middle English: fele, feele, fell, felle, feale (Early Middle English)
English: feal
Scots: feal, feel, feil
Old Frisian: fēle
West Frisian: feil
Old Saxon: *fēli
Middle Low German: vêle, veile
Old Dutch: *feili, *fēli
Middle Dutch: veile
Dutch: veil
Old High German: feili
Middle High German: veile, veil
German: feil

Uncertain; has been linked with Proto-Indo-European *peh₂- (“to protect”), but the -l- is unusual.


malskaz

*malskaz (a-stem)

malskaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
malskai (masculine nominative plural strong)
malskō (feminine nominative singular strong)
malskôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
malską (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
malskō (neuter nominative plural strong)
malskanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
malskanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
malskǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
malskōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
malską (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
malskō (accusative neuter plural strong)
malskas (genitive masculine singular strong)
-is (genitive masculine singular strong)
malskaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
malskaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
malskaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
malskas (genitive neuter singular strong)
-is (genitive neuter singular strong)
malskaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
malskammai (dative masculine singular strong)
malskaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
malskaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
malskaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
malskammai (dative neuter singular strong)
malskaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
malskanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
malskaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
malskaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
malskaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
malskanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
malskaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
malskô (masculine nominative singular weak)
malskaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
malskǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
malskōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
malskô (neuter nominative singular weak)
malskōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
malskanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
malskanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
malskōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
malskōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
malskô (accusative neuter singular weak)
malskōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
malskiniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
malskanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
malskōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
malskōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
malskiniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
malskanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
malskini (dative masculine singular weak)
malskammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
malskōni (dative feminine singular weak)
malskōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
malskini (dative neuter singular weak)
malskammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
malskinē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
malskammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
malskōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
malskōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
malskinē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
malskammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

Proto-West Germanic: *malsk

Old English: *malsċ > *malsċrian; malsċrung

Middle English: malskren, *maskeren, masken

English: masker, mask

Old Saxon: malsk, malsc (“wanton”)

desc

Middle Low German: malsch, mals (“arrogant, proud, bold, daring”)

desctree

Old Dutch: *malsc
Middle Dutch: malsch
Dutch: mals

Old High German: *malsk > *malscrōn; malscrunc

desc

Middle High German: malsch, malz (“bold, daring”)

Gothic: *𐌼𐌰𐌻𐍃𐌺𐍃 (*malsks); 𐌿𐌽𐍄𐌹𐌻𐌰𐌼𐌰𐌻𐍃𐌺𐍃 (untilamalsks)

From earlier *malhskaz, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)mel- (“to weaken, soften, crush, grind”), equivalent to *malh- + *-skaz. Cognate with Ancient Greek μαλακός (malakós, “soft, weak”).


wakraz

*wakraz (a-stem)

wakraz (masculine nominative singular strong)
wakrai (masculine nominative plural strong)
wakrō (feminine nominative singular strong)
wakrôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
wakrą (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
wakrō (neuter nominative plural strong)
wakranǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
wakranz (accusative masculine plural strong)
wakrǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
wakrōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
wakrą (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
wakrō (accusative neuter plural strong)
wakras (genitive masculine singular strong)
-is (genitive masculine singular strong)
wakraizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
wakraizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
wakraizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
wakras (genitive neuter singular strong)
-is (genitive neuter singular strong)
wakraizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
wakrammai (dative masculine singular strong)
wakraimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
wakraizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
wakraimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
wakrammai (dative neuter singular strong)
wakraimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
wakranō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
wakraimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
wakraizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
wakraimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
wakranō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
wakraimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
wakrô (masculine nominative singular weak)
wakraniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
wakrǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
wakrōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
wakrô (neuter nominative singular weak)
wakrōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
wakranų (accusative masculine singular weak)
wakranunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
wakrōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
wakrōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
wakrô (accusative neuter singular weak)
wakrōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
wakriniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
wakranǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
wakrōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
wakrōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
wakriniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
wakranǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
wakrini (dative masculine singular weak)
wakrammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
wakrōni (dative feminine singular weak)
wakrōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
wakrini (dative neuter singular weak)
wakrammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
wakrinē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
wakrammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
wakrōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
wakrōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
wakrinē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
wakrammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *wakr
Old English: waccor, wacor
Middle English: wakyr
Scots: wakir
English: waker (dialectal)
Old Frisian: *wakker, *wekker
West Frisian: wekker
Old Saxon: *wakkar
Middle Low German: wacker
German Low German: wacker
Old Dutch: *wakkar
Middle Dutch: wacker
Dutch: wakker
Afrikaans: wakker
Old High German: wachar, wakar, wackar
Middle High German: wacker
German: wacker

Proto-Norse: ᚹᚨᚲᚱᚨᛉ (wakraʀ)

Old Norse: vakr

Icelandic: vakur

Faroese: vakur

Norn: våker

Norwegian:

Norwegian Bokmål: vakker

Norwegian Nynorsk: vakker

Old Swedish: vaker, vakker

Swedish: vacker

Gutnish: vakkar, vakka, vakur


figanaz

*figanaz (a-stem)

figanaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
figanai (masculine nominative plural strong)
figanō (feminine nominative singular strong)
figanôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
figaną (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
figanō (neuter nominative plural strong)
figananǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
figananz (accusative masculine plural strong)
figanǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
figanōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
figaną (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
figanō (accusative neuter plural strong)
figanas (genitive masculine singular strong)
-is (genitive masculine singular strong)
figanaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
figanaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
figanaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
figanas (genitive neuter singular strong)
-is (genitive neuter singular strong)
figanaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
figanammai (dative masculine singular strong)
figanaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
figanaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
figanaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
figanammai (dative neuter singular strong)
figanaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
figananō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
figanaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
figanaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
figanaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
figananō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
figanaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
figanô (masculine nominative singular weak)
figananiz (masculine nominative plural weak)
figanǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
figanōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
figanô (neuter nominative singular weak)
figanōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
figananų (accusative masculine singular weak)
figananunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
figanōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
figanōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
figanô (accusative neuter singular weak)
figanōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
figaniniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
figananǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
figanōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
figanōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
figaniniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
figananǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
figanini (dative masculine singular weak)
figanammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
figanōni (dative feminine singular weak)
figanōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
figanini (dative neuter singular weak)
figanammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
figaninē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
figanammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
figanōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
figanōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
figaninē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
figanammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

Proto-West Germanic: *fegan, *figan

Old English: *fiġen

⇒ Old English: āfiġen

Uncertain. Possibly from the past participle of a lost verb *fīganą or *fīhaną (class I) or *fehaną (class V). The past participle of *fehaną would thus be *feganaz.
Attempts have been made to point the foregoing hypothetical verbs to Proto-Indo-European *pekʷ- (“to cook, sear”); however, the phonology makes a connection unlikely. For reference, compare Latin coquō (“cook”), Lithuanian kepti (“to bake, fry”), Russian печь (pečʹ, “to bake”), Ancient Greek πέσσω (péssō, “cook, bake”), Sanskrit पचति (pácati, “he cooks, bakes, roasts, boils”).


habīgaz

*habīgaz (a-stem)

habīgaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
habīgai (masculine nominative plural strong)
habīgō (feminine nominative singular strong)
habīgôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
habīgą (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
habīgō (neuter nominative plural strong)
habīganǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
habīganz (accusative masculine plural strong)
habīgǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
habīgōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
habīgą (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
habīgō (accusative neuter plural strong)
habīgas (genitive masculine singular strong)
-is (genitive masculine singular strong)
habīgaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
habīgaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
habīgaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
habīgas (genitive neuter singular strong)
-is (genitive neuter singular strong)
habīgaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
habīgammai (dative masculine singular strong)
habīgaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
habīgaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
habīgaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
habīgammai (dative neuter singular strong)
habīgaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
habīganō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
habīgaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
habīgaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
habīgaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
habīganō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
habīgaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
habīgô (masculine nominative singular weak)
habīganiz (masculine nominative plural weak)
habīgǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
habīgōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
habīgô (neuter nominative singular weak)
habīgōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
habīganų (accusative masculine singular weak)
habīganunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
habīgōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
habīgōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
habīgô (accusative neuter singular weak)
habīgōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
habīginiz (genitive masculine singular weak)
habīganǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
habīgōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
habīgōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
habīginiz (genitive neuter singular weak)
habīganǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
habīgini (dative masculine singular weak)
habīgammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
habīgōni (dative feminine singular weak)
habīgōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
habīgini (dative neuter singular weak)
habīgammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
habīginē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
habīgammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
habīgōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
habīgōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
habīginē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
habīgammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *habīg
Old English: hefiġ, hæfiġ, hefeġ
Middle English: heviȝ, hevy
English: heavy
Sranan Tongo: hebi
Scots: hivie, hevy, havy
Old Saxon: heƀig, hevig
Middle Low German: hēvich
Low German: hevig
Old Dutch: hevig
Middle Dutch: hēvich
Dutch: hevig
Afrikaans: hewig
Old High German: hebīg, *hefīg, *hevīg
Middle High German: hevec, *hebig
Cimbrian: hévig
German: hebig

From Proto-Indo-European *keh₂p- (“to take, grasp, have, hold”), equivalent to *habjaną + *-īgaz. Compare Latin capāx (“large, wide, roomy, spacious, capacious”).


wōdijaz

*wōdijaz (ja-stem)

wōdijaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
wōdijai (masculine nominative plural strong)
wōdijō (feminine nominative singular strong)
wōdijôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
wōdiją (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
wōdijō (neuter nominative plural strong)
wōdijanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
wōdijanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
wōdijǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
wōdijōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
wōdiją (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
wōdijō (accusative neuter plural strong)
wōdijas (genitive masculine singular strong)
-īs (genitive masculine singular strong)
wōdijaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
wōdijaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
wōdijaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
wōdijas (genitive neuter singular strong)
-īs (genitive neuter singular strong)
wōdijaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
wōdijammai (dative masculine singular strong)
wōdijaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
wōdijaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
wōdijaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
wōdijammai (dative neuter singular strong)
wōdijaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
wōdijanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
wōdijaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
wōdijaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
wōdijaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
wōdijanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
wōdijaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
wōdijô (masculine nominative singular weak)
wōdijaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
wōdijǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
wōdijōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
wōdijô (neuter nominative singular weak)
wōdijōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
wōdijanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
wōdijanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
wōdijōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
wōdijōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
wōdijô (accusative neuter singular weak)
wōdijōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
wōdīniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
wōdijanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
wōdijōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
wōdijōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
wōdīniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
wōdijanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
wōdīni (dative masculine singular weak)
wōdijammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
wōdijōni (dative feminine singular weak)
wōdijōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
wōdīni (dative neuter singular weak)
wōdijammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
wōdīnē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
wōdijammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
wōdijōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
wōdijōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
wōdīnē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
wōdijammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

Old Norse: œðr

Icelandic: væður (v- reintroduced from vaða)


ētijaz

*ētijaz (ja-stem)

ētijaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
ētijai (masculine nominative plural strong)
ētijō (feminine nominative singular strong)
ētijôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
ētiją (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
ētijō (neuter nominative plural strong)
ētijanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
ētijanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
ētijǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
ētijōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
ētiją (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
ētijō (accusative neuter plural strong)
ētijas (genitive masculine singular strong)
-īs (genitive masculine singular strong)
ētijaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
ētijaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
ētijaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
ētijas (genitive neuter singular strong)
-īs (genitive neuter singular strong)
ētijaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
ētijammai (dative masculine singular strong)
ētijaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
ētijaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
ētijaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
ētijammai (dative neuter singular strong)
ētijaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
ētijanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
ētijaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
ētijaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
ētijaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
ētijanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
ētijaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
ētijô (masculine nominative singular weak)
ētijaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
ētijǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
ētijōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
ētijô (neuter nominative singular weak)
ētijōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
ētijanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
ētijanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
ētijōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
ētijōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
ētijô (accusative neuter singular weak)
ētijōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
ētīniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
ētijanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
ētijōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
ētijōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
ētīniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
ētijanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
ētīni (dative masculine singular weak)
ētijammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
ētijōni (dative feminine singular weak)
ētijōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
ētīni (dative neuter singular weak)
ētijammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
ētīnē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
ētijammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
ētijōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
ētijōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
ētīnē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
ētijammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

Old English: *ǣte, miċelǣte, oferǣte

Old Saxon: *āti

Middle Low German: ēte

Old High German: *āzi

Middle High German: ǣze

Old Norse: ætr

Icelandic: ætur

Norwegian Nynorsk: -æt

From the same Proto-Indo-European [Term?] word as Sanskrit आद्य (ādyá). Equivalent to *etaną + *-ijaz.


faigijaz

*faigijaz (ja-stem)

faigijaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
faigijai (masculine nominative plural strong)
faigijō (feminine nominative singular strong)
faigijôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
faigiją (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
faigijō (neuter nominative plural strong)
faigijanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
faigijanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
faigijǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
faigijōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
faigiją (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
faigijō (accusative neuter plural strong)
faigijas (genitive masculine singular strong)
-īs (genitive masculine singular strong)
faigijaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
faigijaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
faigijaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
faigijas (genitive neuter singular strong)
-īs (genitive neuter singular strong)
faigijaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
faigijammai (dative masculine singular strong)
faigijaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
faigijaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
faigijaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
faigijammai (dative neuter singular strong)
faigijaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
faigijanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
faigijaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
faigijaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
faigijaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
faigijanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
faigijaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
faigijô (masculine nominative singular weak)
faigijaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
faigijǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
faigijōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
faigijô (neuter nominative singular weak)
faigijōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
faigijanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
faigijanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
faigijōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
faigijōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
faigijô (accusative neuter singular weak)
faigijōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
faigīniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
faigijanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
faigijōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
faigijōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
faigīniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
faigijanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
faigīni (dative masculine singular weak)
faigijammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
faigijōni (dative feminine singular weak)
faigijōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
faigīni (dative neuter singular weak)
faigijammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
faigīnē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
faigijammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
faigijōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
faigijōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
faigīnē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
faigijammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *faigī
Old English: fǣġe
Middle English: fey, feye, fay, faie, veie, veye, faye, fei, vey, fæie, væie, fæy, feiȝe, vaiȝe, feaye (Early Middle English)
English: fey, fay
Scots: fey
Old Saxon: fēgi
Middle Low German: veige
Old Dutch: *fēgi
Middle Dutch: vege
Dutch: veeg
Old High German: feigi
Middle High German: veige
Alemannic German: fiig
German: feige, feig (colloquial or poetic)

Old Norse: feigr, ᚠᛆᛁᚴᛁᚭᚿ (faikiąn) — Rök runestone
Icelandic: feigur
Faroese: feigur
Norwegian: feig; (dialectal) feig’u, feig’e, feg
Old Swedish: fēgher
Swedish: feg
Old Danish: fegh
Danish: fej, fejg
Norwegian Bokmål: feig

→? Proto-Finnic: *peijeh (see there for further descendants)

→ Proto-Samic:

Northern Sami: váiggas

Southern Sami: faajkes

Probably related to one of the forms of *faihaz (“hostile”) or ("colored"), with the latter potentially indicating a meaning of "marked for death".


skarpaz

*skarpaz (a-stem)

skarpaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
skarpai (masculine nominative plural strong)
skarpō (feminine nominative singular strong)
skarpôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
skarpą (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
skarpō (neuter nominative plural strong)
skarpanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
skarpanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
skarpǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
skarpōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
skarpą (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
skarpō (accusative neuter plural strong)
skarpas (genitive masculine singular strong)
-is (genitive masculine singular strong)
skarpaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
skarpaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
skarpaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
skarpas (genitive neuter singular strong)
-is (genitive neuter singular strong)
skarpaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
skarpammai (dative masculine singular strong)
skarpaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
skarpaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
skarpaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
skarpammai (dative neuter singular strong)
skarpaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
skarpanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
skarpaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
skarpaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
skarpaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
skarpanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
skarpaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
skarpô (masculine nominative singular weak)
skarpaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
skarpǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
skarpōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
skarpô (neuter nominative singular weak)
skarpōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
skarpanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
skarpanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
skarpōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
skarpōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
skarpô (accusative neuter singular weak)
skarpōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
skarpiniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
skarpanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
skarpōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
skarpōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
skarpiniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
skarpanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
skarpini (dative masculine singular weak)
skarpammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
skarpōni (dative feminine singular weak)
skarpōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
skarpini (dative neuter singular weak)
skarpammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
skarpinē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
skarpammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
skarpōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
skarpōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
skarpinē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
skarpammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

Proto-West Germanic: *skarp
Old English: sċarp, sċearp
Middle English: scharp
Scots: scharp
English: sharp
Old Frisian: skerp, skarp
Saterland Frisian: skärp, skäärp, schäärp
West Frisian: skerp
Old Saxon: skarp
Middle Low German: scharp
Low German: scharp
Old Dutch: scarp
Middle Dutch: scharp
Dutch: scherp
Limburgish: sjèrp
Old High German: scarf, scarph
Middle High German: scharpf
Alemannic German: scharpf
Bavarian: scharf
Central Franconian: schärp, scharp (eastern Ripuarian), scharf (Moselle Franconian; now alternatively in Ripuarian via German)
German: scharf
Hunsrik: schaaref
Luxembourgish: schaarf
Yiddish: שאַרף (sharf)
→ Old Catalan: escarp
Catalan: esquerp

Old Norse: skarpr
Icelandic: skarpur
Faroese: skarpur
Norwegian Bokmål: skarp
Norwegian Nynorsk: skarp
Old Swedish: skarper
Swedish: skarp
Danish: skarp

Gothic: *𐍃𐌺𐌰𐍂𐍀𐍃 (*skarps)

⇒ Gothic: *𐍃𐌺𐌰𐍂𐍀𐌰 (*skarpa)

→? Italian: scarpa (see there for further descendants)

An o-grade adjective derived from *skerpaną, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kerb-, from *(s)ker- (“to cut”).


nakwadaz

*nakwadaz (a-stem)

nakwadaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
nakwadai (masculine nominative plural strong)
nakwadō (feminine nominative singular strong)
nakwadôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
nakwadą (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
nakwadō (neuter nominative plural strong)
nakwadanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
nakwadanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
nakwadǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
nakwadōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
nakwadą (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
nakwadō (accusative neuter plural strong)
nakwadas (genitive masculine singular strong)
-is (genitive masculine singular strong)
nakwadaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
nakwadaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
nakwadaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
nakwadas (genitive neuter singular strong)
-is (genitive neuter singular strong)
nakwadaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
nakwadammai (dative masculine singular strong)
nakwadaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
nakwadaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
nakwadaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
nakwadammai (dative neuter singular strong)
nakwadaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
nakwadanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
nakwadaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
nakwadaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
nakwadaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
nakwadanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
nakwadaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
nakwadô (masculine nominative singular weak)
nakwadaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
nakwadǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
nakwadōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
nakwadô (neuter nominative singular weak)
nakwadōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
nakwadanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
nakwadanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
nakwadōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
nakwadōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
nakwadô (accusative neuter singular weak)
nakwadōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
nakwadiniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
nakwadanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
nakwadōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
nakwadōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
nakwadiniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
nakwadanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
nakwadini (dative masculine singular weak)
nakwadammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
nakwadōni (dative feminine singular weak)
nakwadōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
nakwadini (dative neuter singular weak)
nakwadammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
nakwadinē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
nakwadammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
nakwadōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
nakwadōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
nakwadinē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
nakwadammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

Proto-West Germanic: *nak(k)wad
Old English: nacod
Middle English: naked, nakit
Scots: nakit, naikit, nakkit
English: naked
Old Frisian: nakad, naked
Saterland Frisian: noakend
West Frisian: neaken
Old Saxon: *nakod
Middle Low German: naket
Low German: naakd, naked
Old Dutch: nakot
Middle Dutch: naket, naect
Dutch: naakt
Old High German: nackot, nachot
Middle High German: nacket
German: nackt (variants: nackend, nackert, nackicht, nackig)

Old Norse: nakinn, nǫkkviðr (possibly derived from an unattested verb, or else reanalysed as though it were)

Icelandic: nakinn

Faroese: nakin

Norwegian Nynorsk: naken, nakin

Norwegian Bokmål: naken

Elfdalian: nakun

Old Swedish: nakin; nakudher, naqvidher

Swedish: naken

Old Danish: nøkæn

Danish: nøgen; (dialectal) nagen

Norwegian Bokmål: nøken

desc

Gutnish: naken, nakuer, nåkur, nåkvar, nåkugur, nåkagur

Scanian: nægen, nǫgen

Gothic: 𐌽𐌰𐌵𐌰𐌸𐍃 (naqaþs)

Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *negʷ- (“naked, bare”); see there for the cognates.


þursuz

þursuz (masculine nominative singular strong)
þursijai (masculine nominative plural strong)
þursī (feminine nominative singular strong)
þursijôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
þursų (neuter nominative singular strong)
-jatō (neuter nominative singular strong)
þursijō (neuter nominative plural strong)
þursijanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
þursijanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
þursijǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
þursijōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
þursų (accusative neuter singular strong)
-jatō (accusative neuter singular strong)
þursijō (accusative neuter plural strong)
þursijas (genitive masculine singular strong)
þursīs (genitive masculine singular strong)
þursijaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
þursijaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
þursijaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
þursijas (genitive neuter singular strong)
þursīs (genitive neuter singular strong)
þursijaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
þursijammai (dative masculine singular strong)
þursijaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
þursijaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
þursijaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
þursijammai (dative neuter singular strong)
þursijaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
þursijanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
þursijaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
þursijaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
þursijaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
þursijanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
þursijaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
þursijô (masculine nominative singular weak)
þursijaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
þursijǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
þursijōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
þursijô (neuter nominative singular weak)
þursijōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
þursijanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
þursijanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
þursijōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
þursijōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
þursijô (accusative neuter singular weak)
þursijōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
þursīniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
þursijanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
þursijōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
þursijōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
þursīniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
þursijanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
þursīni (dative masculine singular weak)
þursijammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
þursijōni (dative feminine singular weak)
þursijōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
þursīni (dative neuter singular weak)
þursijammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
þursīnē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
þursijammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
þursijōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
þursijōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
þursīnē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
þursijammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *þurʀī
Old English: þyrre
Old Saxon: thurri
Middle Low German: dorri
Old Dutch: *thurri
Middle Dutch: dorre
Dutch: dor
Afrikaans: dor
Negerhollands: dor
Limburgish: dór
Old High German: durri, thurri
Middle High German: durre, dürre
Cimbrian: dórre
German: dürr
Luxembourgish: dier
Vilamovian: dyrr

Old Norse: þurr, þyrr

Old Danish: thur, thiur, thyr

Danish: tør

Norwegian: tørr

Faroese: turrur

Icelandic: þurr

desc

Norwegian Nynorsk: turr, tørr, torr, tyrr, tør, tjørr

Old Swedish: þør, þor

Swedish: torr

Gothic: 𐌸𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍃𐌿𐍃 (þaursus)

From Proto-Indo-European *térs-u-s, from *ters- (“dry”).


murguz

murguz (masculine nominative singular strong)
murgijai (masculine nominative plural strong)
murgī (feminine nominative singular strong)
murgijôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
murgų (neuter nominative singular strong)
-jatō (neuter nominative singular strong)
murgijō (neuter nominative plural strong)
murgijanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
murgijanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
murgijǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
murgijōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
murgų (accusative neuter singular strong)
-jatō (accusative neuter singular strong)
murgijō (accusative neuter plural strong)
murgijas (genitive masculine singular strong)
murgīs (genitive masculine singular strong)
murgijaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
murgijaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
murgijaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
murgijas (genitive neuter singular strong)
murgīs (genitive neuter singular strong)
murgijaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
murgijammai (dative masculine singular strong)
murgijaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
murgijaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
murgijaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
murgijammai (dative neuter singular strong)
murgijaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
murgijanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
murgijaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
murgijaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
murgijaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
murgijanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
murgijaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
murgijô (masculine nominative singular weak)
murgijaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
murgijǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
murgijōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
murgijô (neuter nominative singular weak)
murgijōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
murgijanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
murgijanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
murgijōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
murgijōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
murgijô (accusative neuter singular weak)
murgijōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
murgīniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
murgijanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
murgijōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
murgijōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
murgīniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
murgijanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
murgīni (dative masculine singular weak)
murgijammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
murgijōni (dative feminine singular weak)
murgijōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
murgīni (dative neuter singular weak)
murgijammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
murgīnē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
murgijammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
murgijōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
murgijōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
murgīnē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
murgijammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *murgī
Old English: myrġe, miriġe, murġe, myriġe, myreġe, meriġe, merġe
Middle English: mery, merie, mirie, myrie, murie, murȝe, merye, myrry, myry, miry, mirye, myriȝe, myrye, murye, miri, meri, mury
English: merry
Scots: mirry, mery
Old Dutch: *murgi, *mirgi
⇒ Old Dutch: *mirgilīk
Middle Dutch: mergelijc
Old High German: murgi, murg
Middle High German: murc
German: murk
⇒ Alemannic German: Mürggu, Mürgu n
Middle High German: murc n
⇒ Middle High German: frīmurc m
⇒? Middle High German: murz

⇒ Old Norse: *myrgill (< *murgilaz)

Norwegian: myrjel (“figurine”)

From Proto-Indo-European *mr̥ǵʰús, *mréǵʰus (“short”). Cognate with Latin brevis (“short, small, narrow, shallow”).


brōmiz

brōmiz (masculine nominative singular strong)
brōmijai (masculine nominative plural strong)
brōmī (feminine nominative singular strong)
brōmijôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
brōmį (neuter nominative singular strong)
-jatō (neuter nominative singular strong)
brōmijō (neuter nominative plural strong)
brōmijanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
brōmijanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
brōmijǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
brōmijōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
brōmį (accusative neuter singular strong)
-jatō (accusative neuter singular strong)
brōmijō (accusative neuter plural strong)
brōmijas (genitive masculine singular strong)
brōmīs (genitive masculine singular strong)
brōmijaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
brōmijaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
brōmijaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
brōmijas (genitive neuter singular strong)
brōmīs (genitive neuter singular strong)
brōmijaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
brōmijammai (dative masculine singular strong)
brōmijaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
brōmijaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
brōmijaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
brōmijammai (dative neuter singular strong)
brōmijaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
brōmijanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
brōmijaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
brōmijaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
brōmijaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
brōmijanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
brōmijaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
brōmijô (masculine nominative singular weak)
brōmijaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
brōmijǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
brōmijōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
brōmijô (neuter nominative singular weak)
brōmijōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
brōmijanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
brōmijanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
brōmijōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
brōmijōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
brōmijô (accusative neuter singular weak)
brōmijōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
brōmīniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
brōmijanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
brōmijōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
brōmijōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
brōmīniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
brōmijanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
brōmīni (dative masculine singular weak)
brōmijammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
brōmijōni (dative feminine singular weak)
brōmijōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
brōmīni (dative neuter singular weak)
brōmijammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
brōmīnē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
brōmijammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
brōmijōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
brōmijōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
brōmīnē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
brōmijammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

Proto-West Germanic: *brōmi

desctree

Old English: brēme, brœ̄me — Northumbrian
Middle English: brem, breme
English: breme
Scots: breme

Vṛddhi gerundive of otherwise unattested *bramaną, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰrem- (“to make noise”).


skaunistaz

*skaunistaz (a-stem)

skaunistaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
skaunistai (masculine nominative plural strong)
skaunistō (feminine nominative singular strong)
skaunistôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
skaunistą (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
skaunistō (neuter nominative plural strong)
skaunistanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
skaunistanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
skaunistǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
skaunistōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
skaunistą (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
skaunistō (accusative neuter plural strong)
skaunistas (genitive masculine singular strong)
-is (genitive masculine singular strong)
skaunistaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
skaunistaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
skaunistaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
skaunistas (genitive neuter singular strong)
-is (genitive neuter singular strong)
skaunistaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
skaunistammai (dative masculine singular strong)
skaunistaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
skaunistaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
skaunistaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
skaunistammai (dative neuter singular strong)
skaunistaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
skaunistanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
skaunistaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
skaunistaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
skaunistaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
skaunistanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
skaunistaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
skaunistô (masculine nominative singular weak)
skaunistaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
skaunistǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
skaunistōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
skaunistô (neuter nominative singular weak)
skaunistōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
skaunistanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
skaunistanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
skaunistōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
skaunistōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
skaunistô (accusative neuter singular weak)
skaunistōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
skaunistiniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
skaunistanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
skaunistōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
skaunistōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
skaunistiniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
skaunistanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
skaunistini (dative masculine singular weak)
skaunistammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
skaunistōni (dative feminine singular weak)
skaunistōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
skaunistini (dative neuter singular weak)
skaunistammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
skaunistinē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
skaunistammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
skaunistōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
skaunistōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
skaunistinē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
skaunistammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

desc

Old English: sċīenost, sċȳnost, sċēonost, sċēnost

Middle English: shenest

English: sheenest


hauniz

hauniz (masculine nominative singular strong)
haunijai (masculine nominative plural strong)
haunī (feminine nominative singular strong)
haunijôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
haunį (neuter nominative singular strong)
-jatō (neuter nominative singular strong)
haunijō (neuter nominative plural strong)
haunijanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
haunijanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
haunijǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
haunijōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
haunį (accusative neuter singular strong)
-jatō (accusative neuter singular strong)
haunijō (accusative neuter plural strong)
haunijas (genitive masculine singular strong)
haunīs (genitive masculine singular strong)
haunijaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
haunijaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
haunijaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
haunijas (genitive neuter singular strong)
haunīs (genitive neuter singular strong)
haunijaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
haunijammai (dative masculine singular strong)
haunijaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
haunijaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
haunijaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
haunijammai (dative neuter singular strong)
haunijaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
haunijanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
haunijaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
haunijaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
haunijaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
haunijanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
haunijaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
haunijô (masculine nominative singular weak)
haunijaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
haunijǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
haunijōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
haunijô (neuter nominative singular weak)
haunijōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
haunijanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
haunijanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
haunijōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
haunijōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
haunijô (accusative neuter singular weak)
haunijōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
haunīniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
haunijanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
haunijōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
haunijōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
haunīniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
haunijanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
haunīni (dative masculine singular weak)
haunijammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
haunijōni (dative feminine singular weak)
haunijōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
haunīni (dative neuter singular weak)
haunijammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
haunīnē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
haunijammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
haunijōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
haunijōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
haunīnē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
haunijammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *haunī
Old English: hēan
Middle English: hene
English: hean
Old Dutch: *hōni
Middle Dutch: hône
Dutch: hoon
Afrikaans: hoon
Old High German: hōni
Middle High German: höne
German: höhn

Gothic: 𐌷𐌰𐌿𐌽𐍃 (hauns)

Derived from the Proto-Indo-European verbal root *keh₂u-, related to Lithuanian kuvetis (“to be ashamed”).


stōraz

*stōraz (a-stem)

stōraz (masculine nominative singular strong)
stōrai (masculine nominative plural strong)
stōrō (feminine nominative singular strong)
stōrôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
stōrą (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
stōrō (neuter nominative plural strong)
stōranǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
stōranz (accusative masculine plural strong)
stōrǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
stōrōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
stōrą (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
stōrō (accusative neuter plural strong)
stōras (genitive masculine singular strong)
-is (genitive masculine singular strong)
stōraizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
stōraizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
stōraizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
stōras (genitive neuter singular strong)
-is (genitive neuter singular strong)
stōraizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
stōrammai (dative masculine singular strong)
stōraimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
stōraizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
stōraimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
stōrammai (dative neuter singular strong)
stōraimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
stōranō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
stōraimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
stōraizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
stōraimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
stōranō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
stōraimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
stōrô (masculine nominative singular weak)
stōraniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
stōrǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
stōrōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
stōrô (neuter nominative singular weak)
stōrōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
stōranų (accusative masculine singular weak)
stōranunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
stōrōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
stōrōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
stōrô (accusative neuter singular weak)
stōrōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
stōriniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
stōranǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
stōrōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
stōrōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
stōriniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
stōranǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
stōrini (dative masculine singular weak)
stōrammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
stōrōni (dative feminine singular weak)
stōrōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
stōrini (dative neuter singular weak)
stōrammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
stōrinē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
stōrammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
stōrōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
stōrōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
stōrinē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
stōrammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

Proto-West Germanic: *stōr
Old English: stōr
Middle English: store, stoor, stour; (stur?)
Scots: stour, stoure, sture, stoor, stoar
English: stoor, stour
Old Frisian: stōr
Saterland Frisian: stor
West Frisian: stoer
Old Saxon: stōri
Old High German: stūr, stūri, stiuri

Old Norse: stórr
Icelandic: stór
Faroese: stórur
Norn: stur
Norwegian Nynorsk: stor; (dialectal) stór’u, stór’e
Elfdalian: stur
Old Swedish: stōr, stur
Swedish: stor
Danish: stor
Norwegian Bokmål: stor
Gutnish: stäur

→ Proto-Samic:

Northern Sami: stuoris

Southern Sami: stueries

From Proto-Indo-European *steh₂-ro- (“large, big, thick; old”), from *steh₂-. Cognate with Proto-Slavic *starъ (“old”), Lithuanian stóras (“thick”).


hnaskuz

hnaskuz (masculine nominative singular strong)
hnaskwijai (masculine nominative plural strong)
hnaskwī (feminine nominative singular strong)
hnaskwijôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
hnaskų (neuter nominative singular strong)
-jatō (neuter nominative singular strong)
hnaskwijō (neuter nominative plural strong)
hnaskwijanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
hnaskwijanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
hnaskwijǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
hnaskwijōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
hnaskų (accusative neuter singular strong)
-jatō (accusative neuter singular strong)
hnaskwijō (accusative neuter plural strong)
hnaskwijas (genitive masculine singular strong)
hnaskwīs (genitive masculine singular strong)
hnaskwijaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
hnaskwijaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
hnaskwijaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
hnaskwijas (genitive neuter singular strong)
hnaskwīs (genitive neuter singular strong)
hnaskwijaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
hnaskwijammai (dative masculine singular strong)
hnaskwijaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
hnaskwijaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
hnaskwijaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
hnaskwijammai (dative neuter singular strong)
hnaskwijaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
hnaskwijanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
hnaskwijaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
hnaskwijaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
hnaskwijaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
hnaskwijanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
hnaskwijaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
hnaskwijô (masculine nominative singular weak)
hnaskwijaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
hnaskwijǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
hnaskwijōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
hnaskwijô (neuter nominative singular weak)
hnaskwijōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
hnaskwijanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
hnaskwijanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
hnaskwijōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
hnaskwijōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
hnaskwijô (accusative neuter singular weak)
hnaskwijōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
hnaskwīniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
hnaskwijanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
hnaskwijōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
hnaskwijōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
hnaskwīniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
hnaskwijanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
hnaskwīni (dative masculine singular weak)
hnaskwijammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
hnaskwijōni (dative feminine singular weak)
hnaskwijōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
hnaskwīni (dative neuter singular weak)
hnaskwijammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
hnaskwīnē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
hnaskwijammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
hnaskwijōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
hnaskwijōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
hnaskwīnē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
hnaskwijammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *hnaskwī
Old English: hnæsċe, hnesċe, hnysċe
Middle English: nesche
Scots: nesch, nesh
English: nesh
Old Dutch: *neski, *nesc
Middle Dutch: nesch, nisch
Dutch: nes

Gothic: 𐌷𐌽𐌰𐍃𐌵𐌿𐍃 (hnasqus)

From earlier *hnaskwuz, from Proto-Indo-European *knes- (“to scrape; scratch; rub”), from Proto-Indo-European *ken- (“to scrape; scratch; rub”). Cognate with Sanskrit किक्नस (kiknasa, “crushed grain; meal; grits”), Lithuanian knìsti (“to dig up; tear apart”).


blīþiz

blīþiz (masculine nominative singular strong)
blīþijai (masculine nominative plural strong)
blīþī (feminine nominative singular strong)
blīþijôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
blīþį (neuter nominative singular strong)
-jatō (neuter nominative singular strong)
blīþijō (neuter nominative plural strong)
blīþijanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
blīþijanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
blīþijǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
blīþijōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
blīþį (accusative neuter singular strong)
-jatō (accusative neuter singular strong)
blīþijō (accusative neuter plural strong)
blīþijas (genitive masculine singular strong)
blīþīs (genitive masculine singular strong)
blīþijaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
blīþijaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
blīþijaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
blīþijas (genitive neuter singular strong)
blīþīs (genitive neuter singular strong)
blīþijaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
blīþijammai (dative masculine singular strong)
blīþijaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
blīþijaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
blīþijaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
blīþijammai (dative neuter singular strong)
blīþijaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
blīþijanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
blīþijaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
blīþijaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
blīþijaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
blīþijanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
blīþijaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
blīþijô (masculine nominative singular weak)
blīþijaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
blīþijǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
blīþijōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
blīþijô (neuter nominative singular weak)
blīþijōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
blīþijanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
blīþijanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
blīþijōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
blīþijōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
blīþijô (accusative neuter singular weak)
blīþijōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
blīþīniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
blīþijanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
blīþijōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
blīþijōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
blīþīniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
blīþijanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
blīþīni (dative masculine singular weak)
blīþijammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
blīþijōni (dative feminine singular weak)
blīþijōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
blīþīni (dative neuter singular weak)
blīþijammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
blīþīnē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
blīþijammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
blīþijōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
blīþijōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
blīþīnē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
blīþijammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *blīþī
Old English: blīþe
Middle English: blith, blyth, blithe
Scots: blithe, blythe, blide
English: blithe
Old Frisian: *blīthe, *blīth, *blīd (in compounds)
North Frisian: blid
Saterland Frisian: bliede
West Frisian: bliid
Old Saxon: blīthi
Middle Low German: blîde
Low German: blide, blyde
Old Dutch: *blīthi
Middle Dutch: blide
Dutch: blij
Afrikaans: bly
Old High German: blīdi, plīdi
Middle High German: blīde
German: blid, blied (dialectal)

Old Norse: blíðr

Icelandic: blíður

Faroese: blíður

Norwegian: blid

Old Swedish: blīþer

Swedish: blid

Danish: blid

Gothic: 𐌱𐌻𐌴𐌹𐌸𐍃 (bleiþs)

From *blī-, *bli- (“to shine, gleam, glow; be light, be glad”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰlī- (“light, fine, pleasant”), from *bʰleh₁-, *bʰel- (“to shine”). Cognate with Lithuanian bliva (“violet”).

der

pleasant, pleasing, delightful, friendly


skaþulaz

*skaþulaz (a-stem)

skaþulaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
skaþulai (masculine nominative plural strong)
skaþulō (feminine nominative singular strong)
skaþulôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
skaþulą (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
skaþulō (neuter nominative plural strong)
skaþulanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
skaþulanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
skaþulǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
skaþulōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
skaþulą (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
skaþulō (accusative neuter plural strong)
skaþulas (genitive masculine singular strong)
-is (genitive masculine singular strong)
skaþulaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
skaþulaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
skaþulaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
skaþulas (genitive neuter singular strong)
-is (genitive neuter singular strong)
skaþulaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
skaþulammai (dative masculine singular strong)
skaþulaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
skaþulaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
skaþulaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
skaþulammai (dative neuter singular strong)
skaþulaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
skaþulanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
skaþulaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
skaþulaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
skaþulaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
skaþulanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
skaþulaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
skaþulô (masculine nominative singular weak)
skaþulaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
skaþulǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
skaþulōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
skaþulô (neuter nominative singular weak)
skaþulōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
skaþulanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
skaþulanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
skaþulōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
skaþulōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
skaþulô (accusative neuter singular weak)
skaþulōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
skaþuliniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
skaþulanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
skaþulōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
skaþulōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
skaþuliniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
skaþulanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
skaþulini (dative masculine singular weak)
skaþulammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
skaþulōni (dative feminine singular weak)
skaþulōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
skaþulini (dative neuter singular weak)
skaþulammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
skaþulinē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
skaþulammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
skaþulōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
skaþulōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
skaþulinē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
skaþulammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *skaþul
Old English: *sceaþol
Middle English: scathel
English: scathel, scaddle, skaddle; skedaddle
Old High German: scadel

Gothic: 𐍃𐌺𐌰𐌸𐌿𐌻𐍃 (skaþuls)


sundaz

*sundaz (a-stem)

sundaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
sundai (masculine nominative plural strong)
sundō (feminine nominative singular strong)
sundôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
sundą (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
sundō (neuter nominative plural strong)
sundanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
sundanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
sundǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
sundōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
sundą (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
sundō (accusative neuter plural strong)
sundas (genitive masculine singular strong)
-is (genitive masculine singular strong)
sundaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
sundaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
sundaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
sundas (genitive neuter singular strong)
-is (genitive neuter singular strong)
sundaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
sundammai (dative masculine singular strong)
sundaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
sundaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
sundaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
sundammai (dative neuter singular strong)
sundaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
sundanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
sundaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
sundaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
sundaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
sundanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
sundaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
sundô (masculine nominative singular weak)
sundaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
sundǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
sundōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
sundô (neuter nominative singular weak)
sundōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
sundanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
sundanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
sundōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
sundōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
sundô (accusative neuter singular weak)
sundōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
sundiniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
sundanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
sundōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
sundōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
sundiniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
sundanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
sundini (dative masculine singular weak)
sundammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
sundōni (dative feminine singular weak)
sundōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
sundini (dative neuter singular weak)
sundammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
sundinē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
sundammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
sundōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
sundōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
sundinē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
sundammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

Proto-West Germanic: *sund
Old English: *sund (with various prefixes)
Middle English: sund, sound
English: sound
Scots: sound, soun
Old Frisian: sund
North Frisian: suwn
Saterland Frisian: suund
West Frisian: sûnd, sûn
Old Saxon: *sund
Middle Low German: sunt
Low German: sund
→ Danish: sund
→ Faroese: sunnur
→ Swedish: sund
→ Norwegian Bokmål: sunn
→ Norwegian Nynorsk: sunn
Old Dutch: *sund
Middle Dutch: sunt, sont
Dutch: zond
Old High German: sunt
Middle High German: sunt

⇒ Proto-West Germanic: *gasund
Old English: ġesund
Middle English: ȝesund, isund, izound; sund, sound
English: sound
Scots: sound, soun
Old Frisian:
Saterland Frisian: gesuund
Old Saxon: gisund
Middle Low German: gesunt
Low German: gesund
Old Dutch: gisunt
Middle Dutch: gesont
Dutch: gezond
Afrikaans: gesond
Jersey Dutch: xjezónd
Negerhollands: gesond, gesont
→ Sranan Tongo: gesontu
→ Aukan: gusontu
→ Caribbean Javanese: kheson
Old High German: gisunt
Middle High German: gesunt
Bavarian: gsund
Cimbrian: gazùnt, gesunt (Luserna)
Central Franconian: gesond, jesond, jesonk (Ripuarian)
German: gesund
Hunsrik: gesund
Luxembourgish: gesond
Yiddish: געזונט (gezunt)

From Proto-Indo-European *swent- (“strong, vigorous, active, healthy”).


agluz

agluz (masculine nominative singular strong)
aglijai (masculine nominative plural strong)
aglī (feminine nominative singular strong)
aglijôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
aglų (neuter nominative singular strong)
-jatō (neuter nominative singular strong)
aglijō (neuter nominative plural strong)
aglijanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
aglijanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
aglijǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
aglijōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
aglų (accusative neuter singular strong)
-jatō (accusative neuter singular strong)
aglijō (accusative neuter plural strong)
aglijas (genitive masculine singular strong)
aglīs (genitive masculine singular strong)
aglijaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
aglijaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
aglijaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
aglijas (genitive neuter singular strong)
aglīs (genitive neuter singular strong)
aglijaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
aglijammai (dative masculine singular strong)
aglijaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
aglijaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
aglijaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
aglijammai (dative neuter singular strong)
aglijaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
aglijanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
aglijaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
aglijaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
aglijaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
aglijanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
aglijaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
aglijô (masculine nominative singular weak)
aglijaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
aglijǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
aglijōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
aglijô (neuter nominative singular weak)
aglijōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
aglijanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
aglijanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
aglijōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
aglijōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
aglijô (accusative neuter singular weak)
aglijōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
aglīniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
aglijanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
aglijōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
aglijōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
aglīniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
aglijanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
aglīni (dative masculine singular weak)
aglijammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
aglijōni (dative feminine singular weak)
aglijōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
aglīni (dative neuter singular weak)
aglijammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
aglīnē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
aglijammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
aglijōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
aglijōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
aglīnē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
aglijammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

desctree

Old English: eġle
Middle English: eile, eyle
English: ail

Gothic: 𐌰𐌲𐌻𐌿𐍃 (aglus)

From Proto-Indo-European *h₂egʰlo-, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂egʰ- (“repulsive, offensive, hateful, disgusting”). Cognate with Old Irish áil (“ignomy, insult”), Ancient Greek ἀχλύς (akhlús, “manure, dung”), Ancient Greek ὀχλέω (okhléō, “to vex, harass”), Sanskrit अघल (aghala, “bad, terrible”), Sanskrit अघ (agha, “evil, pain”).

cog

cumbersome, tedious, tiresome, burdensome


wētaz

*wētaz (a-stem)

wētaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
wētai (masculine nominative plural strong)
wētō (feminine nominative singular strong)
wētôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
wētą (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
wētō (neuter nominative plural strong)
wētanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
wētanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
wētǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
wētōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
wētą (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
wētō (accusative neuter plural strong)
wētas (genitive masculine singular strong)
-is (genitive masculine singular strong)
wētaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
wētaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
wētaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
wētas (genitive neuter singular strong)
-is (genitive neuter singular strong)
wētaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
wētammai (dative masculine singular strong)
wētaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
wētaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
wētaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
wētammai (dative neuter singular strong)
wētaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
wētanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
wētaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
wētaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
wētaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
wētanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
wētaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
wētô (masculine nominative singular weak)
wētaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
wētǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
wētōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
wētô (neuter nominative singular weak)
wētōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
wētanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
wētanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
wētōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
wētōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
wētô (accusative neuter singular weak)
wētōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
wētiniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
wētanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
wētōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
wētōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
wētiniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
wētanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
wētini (dative masculine singular weak)
wētammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
wētōni (dative feminine singular weak)
wētōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
wētini (dative neuter singular weak)
wētammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
wētinē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
wētammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
wētōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
wētōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
wētinē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
wētammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *wāt
Old English: wǣt
Middle English: wāt, wēt, weet
Scots: weet, weit
English: weet (dialectal)
Old Frisian: wēt
North Frisian: weet, wiat, wäit
Saterland Frisian: wäit
West Frisian: wiet
>? Old Dutch: *wāt
Middle Dutch: wet, wit (possibly borrowed from Frisian)
⇒ Middle Dutch: verwetten
⇒ Middle Dutch: wetheit

Old Norse: vátr

Icelandic: votur

Faroese: vátur

Norwegian: våt

Old Swedish: vāter

Swedish: våt

Old Danish: wātær

Danish: våd

Vṛddhi derivative from Proto-Indo-European *wed- (“water, wet”).


narwaz

*narwaz (a-stem)

narwaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
narwai (masculine nominative plural strong)
narwō (feminine nominative singular strong)
narwôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
narwą (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
narwō (neuter nominative plural strong)
narwanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
narwanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
narwǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
narwōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
narwą (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
narwō (accusative neuter plural strong)
narwas (genitive masculine singular strong)
-is (genitive masculine singular strong)
narwaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
narwaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
narwaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
narwas (genitive neuter singular strong)
-is (genitive neuter singular strong)
narwaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
narwammai (dative masculine singular strong)
narwaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
narwaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
narwaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
narwammai (dative neuter singular strong)
narwaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
narwanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
narwaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
narwaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
narwaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
narwanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
narwaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
narwô (masculine nominative singular weak)
narwaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
narwǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
narwōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
narwô (neuter nominative singular weak)
narwōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
narwanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
narwanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
narwōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
narwōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
narwô (accusative neuter singular weak)
narwōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
narwiniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
narwanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
narwōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
narwōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
narwiniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
narwanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
narwini (dative masculine singular weak)
narwammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
narwōni (dative feminine singular weak)
narwōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
narwini (dative neuter singular weak)
narwammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
narwinē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
narwammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
narwōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
narwōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
narwinē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
narwammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

Proto-West Germanic: *naru

Old English: naro, naru, nearu

desc

Middle English: naru, narwe, narewe, narowe

English: narrow

Scots: naro, narow, narrow

Old Frisian: *naro

North Frisian: naar, noar, noor, nåår

Saterland Frisian: noar

West Frisian: near, naar

Old Saxon: naru, naro, narowo, narawo

Middle Low German: nare, narwe

German Low German: naar

qual

Old Dutch: *naro, *naru (attested in a placename of probable Frisian origin)

Middle Dutch: nare, naer (rare; possibly from Frisian or Saxon)

Dutch: naar

Afrikaans: naar

Old High German: *naru (in derivatives)

Old Norse: *nǫrr, *njǫrr (attested in placenames: Nǫrvasund, Njǫrvasund)

Swedish: nor

Norwegian: nor

From Proto-Indo-European *(s)ner- (“to turn, bend, twist, constrict”).


draugiz

draugiz (masculine nominative singular strong)
draugijai (masculine nominative plural strong)
draugī (feminine nominative singular strong)
draugijôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
draugį (neuter nominative singular strong)
-jatō (neuter nominative singular strong)
draugijō (neuter nominative plural strong)
draugijanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
draugijanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
draugijǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
draugijōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
draugį (accusative neuter singular strong)
-jatō (accusative neuter singular strong)
draugijō (accusative neuter plural strong)
draugijas (genitive masculine singular strong)
draugīs (genitive masculine singular strong)
draugijaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
draugijaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
draugijaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
draugijas (genitive neuter singular strong)
draugīs (genitive neuter singular strong)
draugijaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
draugijammai (dative masculine singular strong)
draugijaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
draugijaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
draugijaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
draugijammai (dative neuter singular strong)
draugijaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
draugijanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
draugijaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
draugijaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
draugijaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
draugijanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
draugijaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
draugijô (masculine nominative singular weak)
draugijaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
draugijǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
draugijōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
draugijô (neuter nominative singular weak)
draugijōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
draugijanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
draugijanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
draugijōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
draugijōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
draugijô (accusative neuter singular weak)
draugijōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
draugīniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
draugijanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
draugijōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
draugijōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
draugīniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
draugijanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
draugīni (dative masculine singular weak)
draugijammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
draugijōni (dative feminine singular weak)
draugijōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
draugīni (dative neuter singular weak)
draugijammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
draugīnē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
draugijammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
draugijōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
draugijōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
draugīnē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
draugijammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *draugī
Old English: drȳġe, drīġe (or < *drūgī)
Middle English: drye, drie, dri, drige, dryge, drüȝe
English: dry
Scots: dry, drey
Old Saxon: *drōgi
Middle Low German: drôge
Low German: dröög
→ German: dröge
Old Dutch: *drougi, *drōgi
Middle Dutch: drôghe
Dutch: droog
Afrikaans: droog
Berbice Creole Dutch: droko
Negerhollands: droog, drok
Skepi Creole Dutch: dróg
→ West Frisian: droech

⇒ Old Norse: draugr
Icelandic: draugur

From Proto-Indo-European *dʰrewgʰ- (“to strengthen; become hard or solid”), from *dʰer- (“to hold, hold fast, support”).


prattugaz

*prattugaz (a-stem)

prattugaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
prattugai (masculine nominative plural strong)
prattugō (feminine nominative singular strong)
prattugôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
prattugą (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
prattugō (neuter nominative plural strong)
prattuganǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
prattuganz (accusative masculine plural strong)
prattugǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
prattugōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
prattugą (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
prattugō (accusative neuter plural strong)
prattugas (genitive masculine singular strong)
-is (genitive masculine singular strong)
prattugaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
prattugaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
prattugaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
prattugas (genitive neuter singular strong)
-is (genitive neuter singular strong)
prattugaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
prattugammai (dative masculine singular strong)
prattugaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
prattugaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
prattugaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
prattugammai (dative neuter singular strong)
prattugaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
prattuganō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
prattugaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
prattugaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
prattugaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
prattuganō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
prattugaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
prattugô (masculine nominative singular weak)
prattuganiz (masculine nominative plural weak)
prattugǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
prattugōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
prattugô (neuter nominative singular weak)
prattugōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
prattuganų (accusative masculine singular weak)
prattuganunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
prattugōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
prattugōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
prattugô (accusative neuter singular weak)
prattugōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
prattuginiz (genitive masculine singular weak)
prattuganǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
prattugōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
prattugōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
prattuginiz (genitive neuter singular weak)
prattuganǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
prattugini (dative masculine singular weak)
prattugammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
prattugōni (dative feminine singular weak)
prattugōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
prattugini (dative neuter singular weak)
prattugammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
prattuginē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
prattugammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
prattugōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
prattugōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
prattuginē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
prattugammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

Proto-West Germanic: *prattug, *prattīg

desc

Old English: prættiġ, prætiġ, pætiġ, petiġ

Middle English: prati, prety

English: pretty, pratty

Scots: pratty, ill-pretty, prety

Old Frisian: *pratig, *pretig

Saterland Frisian: prettig

Old Saxon: *prattig

Middle Low German: prattich

Low German: pratzig

Old Dutch: *prattig

Middle Dutch: *prattich, *prettich, pertich

Dutch: prettig, pruttig, preutig, pertig

Old Norse: prettugr

Icelandic: prettugur

boastful, sly, slick, deceitful, tricky, cunning


wīhaz

*wīhaz (a-stem)

wīhaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
wīhai (masculine nominative plural strong)
wīhō (feminine nominative singular strong)
wīhôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
wīhą (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
wīhō (neuter nominative plural strong)
wīhanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
wīhanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
wīhǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
wīhōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
wīhą (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
wīhō (accusative neuter plural strong)
wīhas (genitive masculine singular strong)
-is (genitive masculine singular strong)
wīhaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
wīhaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
wīhaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
wīhas (genitive neuter singular strong)
-is (genitive neuter singular strong)
wīhaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
wīhammai (dative masculine singular strong)
wīhaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
wīhaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
wīhaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
wīhammai (dative neuter singular strong)
wīhaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
wīhanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
wīhaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
wīhaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
wīhaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
wīhanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
wīhaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
wīhô (masculine nominative singular weak)
wīhaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
wīhǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
wīhōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
wīhô (neuter nominative singular weak)
wīhōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
wīhanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
wīhanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
wīhōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
wīhōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
wīhô (accusative neuter singular weak)
wīhōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
wīhiniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
wīhanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
wīhōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
wīhōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
wīhiniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
wīhanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
wīhini (dative masculine singular weak)
wīhammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
wīhōni (dative feminine singular weak)
wīhōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
wīhini (dative neuter singular weak)
wīhammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
wīhinē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
wīhammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
wīhōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
wīhōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
wīhinē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
wīhammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *wīh
Old English: *wēoh (in compounds)
Middle English: weoh
Old Frisian: *wī (in compounds)
Old Saxon: *wīh (in compounds)
Old Dutch: *wī (in compounds)
Old High German: wīh
Middle High German: wīch
German: weih (in compounds)

Gothic: 𐍅𐌴𐌹𐌷𐍃 (weihs)

From Proto-Indo-European *weyk- (“to choose, separate out, set aside as holy, consecrate, sacrifice”). Cognate with Latin victima (“offering, sacrifice”).


smikraz

*smikraz (a-stem)

smikraz (masculine nominative singular strong)
smikrai (masculine nominative plural strong)
smikrō (feminine nominative singular strong)
smikrôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
smikrą (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
smikrō (neuter nominative plural strong)
smikranǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
smikranz (accusative masculine plural strong)
smikrǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
smikrōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
smikrą (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
smikrō (accusative neuter plural strong)
smikras (genitive masculine singular strong)
-is (genitive masculine singular strong)
smikraizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
smikraizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
smikraizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
smikras (genitive neuter singular strong)
-is (genitive neuter singular strong)
smikraizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
smikrammai (dative masculine singular strong)
smikraimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
smikraizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
smikraimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
smikrammai (dative neuter singular strong)
smikraimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
smikranō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
smikraimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
smikraizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
smikraimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
smikranō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
smikraimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
smikrô (masculine nominative singular weak)
smikraniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
smikrǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
smikrōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
smikrô (neuter nominative singular weak)
smikrōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
smikranų (accusative masculine singular weak)
smikranunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
smikrōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
smikrōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
smikrô (accusative neuter singular weak)
smikrōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
smikriniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
smikranǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
smikrōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
smikrōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
smikriniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
smikranǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
smikrini (dative masculine singular weak)
smikrammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
smikrōni (dative feminine singular weak)
smikrōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
smikrini (dative neuter singular weak)
smikrammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
smikrinē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
smikrammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
smikrōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
smikrōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
smikrinē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
smikrammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *smikr
Old English: smicor, smicer
Middle English: smiker
English: smicker
Old High German: smehhar, smechar, *smekkar, *smeckar
Middle High German: smecker
→ Danish: smækker
→ Swedish: smäcker

Old Norse: *smikr

Norwegian: smikr (noun) (dialectal)

From Proto-Indo-European *smēyg- (“small, delicate, thin; twig, pole; crumb”), from Proto-Indo-European *smē-, *smey- (“to smear, stroke, wipe, rub”). Cognate with Ancient Greek σμικρός (smikrós), μικρός (mikrós, “small, short”), Lithuanian smeigti (“to lunge, thrust, jab”), Latin mīca (“crumb, morsel, bit”).


fastuz

fastuz (masculine nominative singular strong)
fastijai (masculine nominative plural strong)
fastī (feminine nominative singular strong)
fastijôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
fastų (neuter nominative singular strong)
-jatō (neuter nominative singular strong)
fastijō (neuter nominative plural strong)
fastijanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
fastijanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
fastijǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
fastijōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
fastų (accusative neuter singular strong)
-jatō (accusative neuter singular strong)
fastijō (accusative neuter plural strong)
fastijas (genitive masculine singular strong)
fastīs (genitive masculine singular strong)
fastijaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
fastijaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
fastijaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
fastijas (genitive neuter singular strong)
fastīs (genitive neuter singular strong)
fastijaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
fastijammai (dative masculine singular strong)
fastijaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
fastijaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
fastijaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
fastijammai (dative neuter singular strong)
fastijaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
fastijanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
fastijaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
fastijaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
fastijaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
fastijanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
fastijaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
fastijô (masculine nominative singular weak)
fastijaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
fastijǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
fastijōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
fastijô (neuter nominative singular weak)
fastijōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
fastijanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
fastijanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
fastijōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
fastijōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
fastijô (accusative neuter singular weak)
fastijōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
fastīniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
fastijanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
fastijōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
fastijōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
fastīniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
fastijanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
fastīni (dative masculine singular weak)
fastijammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
fastijōni (dative feminine singular weak)
fastijōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
fastīni (dative neuter singular weak)
fastijammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
fastīnē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
fastijammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
fastijōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
fastijōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
fastīnē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
fastijammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *fast
Old English: fæst
Middle English: fæst, fest, fast
Scots: fest, fast
English: fast
Old Frisian: fest
Saterland Frisian: fääst
West Frisian: fêst
Old Saxon: fast
Middle Low German: fast, vast
Low German: fast
Old Dutch: fast
Middle Dutch: vast
Dutch: vast
Afrikaans: vas
Old High German: fast
Middle High German: fast, vast
Central Franconian: fass, fast

Proto-West Germanic: *fastī
Old Saxon: festi
Middle Low German: feste, veste, vest
Low German: fest
Old High German: festi
Middle High German: feste, veste
German: fest

Old Norse: fastr
Icelandic: fastur
Faroese: fastur
Norwegian: fast
Old Swedish: faster
Swedish: fast
Danish: fast

Gothic: *𐍆𐌰𐍃𐍄𐍃 (*fasts) (in derivatives)

Vandalic: *fast-

Connected with Old Armenian հաստ (hast, “firm, steady, standing still, tough; thick, dense, broad”), possibly also Sanskrit पस्त्य n (pastyá, “stall, stable ← stable habitation”), पस्त्या f (pastyā́, “homestead, dwelling, household”), and usually derived from Proto-Indo-European *pastV- (“solid, stable”). Kroonen separates the Sanskrit and reconstructs the Proto-Indo-European root for Armenian and Germanic as *pHst-, according to him from earlier *ph₂ǵ-sth₂-, a compound of *peh₂ǵ- (“to become firm”) (compare Ancient Greek πήγνυμι (pḗgnumi, “to fasten, fix, make solid”)) and *steh₂- (“to stand”).
However, according to Martirosyan “we are hardly dealing with a Proto-Indo-European word,” rather a substrate word shared by Armenian, Germanic, and possibly also Indo-Aryan. See հաստ (hast) for more on this.