unsēliz

unsēlizô (comparative)
unsēlistaz (superlative)
unsēliz (masculine nominative singular strong)
unsēlijai (masculine nominative plural strong)
unsēlī (feminine nominative singular strong)
unsēlijôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
unsēlį (neuter nominative singular strong)
-jatō (neuter nominative singular strong)
unsēlijō (neuter nominative plural strong)
unsēlijanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
unsēlijanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
unsēlijǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
unsēlijōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
unsēlį (accusative neuter singular strong)
-jatō (accusative neuter singular strong)
unsēlijō (accusative neuter plural strong)
unsēlijas (genitive masculine singular strong)
unsēlīs (genitive masculine singular strong)
unsēlijaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
unsēlijaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
unsēlijaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
unsēlijas (genitive neuter singular strong)
unsēlīs (genitive neuter singular strong)
unsēlijaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
unsēlijammai (dative masculine singular strong)
unsēlijaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
unsēlijaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
unsēlijaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
unsēlijammai (dative neuter singular strong)
unsēlijaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
unsēlijanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
unsēlijaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
unsēlijaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
unsēlijaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
unsēlijanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
unsēlijaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
unsēlijô (masculine nominative singular weak)
unsēlijaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
unsēlijǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
unsēlijōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
unsēlijô (neuter nominative singular weak)
unsēlijōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
unsēlijanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
unsēlijanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
unsēlijōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
unsēlijōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
unsēlijô (accusative neuter singular weak)
unsēlijōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
unsēlīniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
unsēlijanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
unsēlijōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
unsēlijōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
unsēlīniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
unsēlijanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
unsēlīni (dative masculine singular weak)
unsēlijammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
unsēlijōni (dative feminine singular weak)
unsēlijōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
unsēlīni (dative neuter singular weak)
unsēlijammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
unsēlīnē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
unsēlijammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
unsēlijōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
unsēlijōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
unsēlīnē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
unsēlijammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *unsālī
Old English: unsǣle
Middle English: unsele
English: unseel (obsolete)
Scots: unsele, unsel, unsell

Proto-Norse: *ᚢᚾᛊᚨᛚᛁᛉ (*unsāliʀ)

Old Norse: úsæll, ósæll

Icelandic: ósæll

Old Danish: usæl, usal, vsel

Danish: ussel

Norwegian:

Norwegian Bokmål: usæl, ussel

Norwegian Nynorsk: usæl, ussel

Old Swedish: ūsæl

Swedish: usel

Gothic: 𐌿𐌽𐍃𐌴𐌻𐍃 (unsēls)


sēliz

sēlizô (comparative)
sēlistaz (superlative)
sēliz (masculine nominative singular strong)
sēlijai (masculine nominative plural strong)
sēlī (feminine nominative singular strong)
sēlijôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
sēlį (neuter nominative singular strong)
-jatō (neuter nominative singular strong)
sēlijō (neuter nominative plural strong)
sēlijanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
sēlijanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
sēlijǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
sēlijōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
sēlį (accusative neuter singular strong)
-jatō (accusative neuter singular strong)
sēlijō (accusative neuter plural strong)
sēlijas (genitive masculine singular strong)
sēlīs (genitive masculine singular strong)
sēlijaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
sēlijaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
sēlijaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
sēlijas (genitive neuter singular strong)
sēlīs (genitive neuter singular strong)
sēlijaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
sēlijammai (dative masculine singular strong)
sēlijaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
sēlijaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
sēlijaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
sēlijammai (dative neuter singular strong)
sēlijaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
sēlijanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
sēlijaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
sēlijaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
sēlijaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
sēlijanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
sēlijaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
sēlijô (masculine nominative singular weak)
sēlijaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
sēlijǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
sēlijōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
sēlijô (neuter nominative singular weak)
sēlijōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
sēlijanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
sēlijanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
sēlijōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
sēlijōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
sēlijô (accusative neuter singular weak)
sēlijōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
sēlīniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
sēlijanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
sēlijōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
sēlijōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
sēlīniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
sēlijanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
sēlīni (dative masculine singular weak)
sēlijammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
sēlijōni (dative feminine singular weak)
sēlijōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
sēlīni (dative neuter singular weak)
sēlijammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
sēlīnē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
sēlijammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
sēlijōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
sēlijōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
sēlīnē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
sēlijammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

Proto-West Germanic: *sālī (adjective)
Old English: sēl
Middle English: sele
English: seel

Proto-West Germanic: *sāli (noun)
Old English: sǣl
Middle English: sele, sel
English: seel
Scots: seil, sele, seill, seyle

Proto-Norse: *ᛊᚨᛚᛁᛉ (*saliʀ /sālīʀ/)

Old Norse: sæll
Icelandic: sæll
Faroese: sælur
Norn: sel
Norwegian: sæl
Old Swedish: sǣll
Swedish: säll
Old Danish: sæll, sææl
Danish: sæl

Gothic: 𐍃𐌴𐌻𐍃 (sēls)

From Proto-Indo-European *selh₂- (“to calm, quiet, be favourable”), related to Latin sōlor (“to comfort, console”).


midjaz

midjaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
midjai (masculine nominative plural strong)
midjō (feminine nominative singular strong)
midjôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
midją (neuter nominative singular strong)
-at (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
midjō (neuter nominative plural strong)
midjanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
midjanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
midjǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
midjōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
midją (accusative neuter singular strong)
-at (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
midjō (accusative neuter plural strong)
midjas (genitive masculine singular strong)
midis (genitive masculine singular strong)
midjaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
midjaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
midjaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
midjas (genitive neuter singular strong)
midis (genitive neuter singular strong)
midjaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
midjammai (dative masculine singular strong)
midjaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
midjaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
midjaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
midjammai (dative neuter singular strong)
midjaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
midjanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
midjaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
midjaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
midjaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
midjanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
midjaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
midjô (masculine nominative singular weak)
midjaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
midjǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
midjōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
midjô (neuter nominative singular weak)
midjōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
midjanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
midjanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
midjōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
midjōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
midjô (accusative neuter singular weak)
midjōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
midiniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
midjanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
midjōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
midjōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
midiniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
midjanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
midini (dative masculine singular weak)
midjammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
midjōni (dative feminine singular weak)
midjōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
midini (dative neuter singular weak)
midjammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
midinē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
midjammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
midjōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
midjōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
midinē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
midjammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *midi
Old English: midd
Middle English: midde
English: mid
Old Frisian: midde
West Frisian: mid-
Old Saxon: middi
Middle Low German: midde
Old Dutch: *middi
Middle Dutch: mid-, midden (from the weak dative plural)
Dutch: mid-, midden
Old High German: mitti
Middle High German: mitte
Bavarian: Mittn
German: Mitte (noun)
Luxembourgish: Mëtt

Old Norse: miðr
Icelandic: miður
Faroese: miður
Norwegian Nynorsk: mid
Old Swedish: miþer
Swedish: mid-

Gothic: 𐌼𐌹𐌳𐌾𐌹𐍃 (midjis)

→ Albanian: midis ?


kuruz

kurizô (comparative)
kuristaz (superlative)
kuruz (masculine nominative singular strong)
kurjai (masculine nominative plural strong)
kurī (feminine nominative singular strong)
kurjôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
kurų (neuter nominative singular strong)
-jatō (neuter nominative singular strong)
kurjō (neuter nominative plural strong)
kurjanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
kurjanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
kurjǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
kurjōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
kurų (accusative neuter singular strong)
-jatō (accusative neuter singular strong)
kurjō (accusative neuter plural strong)
kurjas (genitive masculine singular strong)
kuris (genitive masculine singular strong)
kurjaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
kurjaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
kurjaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
kurjas (genitive neuter singular strong)
kuris (genitive neuter singular strong)
kurjaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
kurjammai (dative masculine singular strong)
kurjaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
kurjaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
kurjaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
kurjammai (dative neuter singular strong)
kurjaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
kurjanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
kurjaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
kurjaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
kurjaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
kurjanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
kurjaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
kurjô (masculine nominative singular weak)
kurjaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
kurjǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
kurjōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
kurjô (neuter nominative singular weak)
kurjōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
kurjanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
kurjanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
kurjōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
kurjōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
kurjô (accusative neuter singular weak)
kurjōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
kuriniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
kurjanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
kurjōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
kurjōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
kuriniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
kurjanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
kurini (dative masculine singular weak)
kurjammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
kurjōni (dative feminine singular weak)
kurjōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
kurini (dative neuter singular weak)
kurjammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
kurinē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
kurjammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
kurjōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
kurjōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
kurinē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
kurjammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

Gothic: 𐌺𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌿𐍃 (kaurus)

From Proto-Indo-European *gʷréh₂us, specifically the hysterokinetic form *gʷr̥h₂ús.


frōdaz

frōdōzô (comparative)
frōdōstaz (superlative)
frōdaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
frōdai (masculine nominative plural strong)
frōdō (feminine nominative singular strong)
frōdôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
frōdą (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
frōdō (neuter nominative plural strong)
frōdanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
frōdanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
frōdǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
frōdōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
frōdą (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
frōdō (accusative neuter plural strong)
frōdas (genitive masculine singular strong)
-is (genitive masculine singular strong)
frōdaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
frōdaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
frōdaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
frōdas (genitive neuter singular strong)
-is (genitive neuter singular strong)
frōdaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
frōdammai (dative masculine singular strong)
frōdaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
frōdaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
frōdaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
frōdammai (dative neuter singular strong)
frōdaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
frōdanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
frōdaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
frōdaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
frōdaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
frōdanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
frōdaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
frōdô (masculine nominative singular weak)
frōdaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
frōdǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
frōdōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
frōdô (neuter nominative singular weak)
frōdōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
frōdanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
frōdanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
frōdōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
frōdōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
frōdô (accusative neuter singular weak)
frōdōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
frōdiniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
frōdanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
frōdōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
frōdōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
frōdiniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
frōdanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
frōdini (dative masculine singular weak)
frōdammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
frōdōni (dative feminine singular weak)
frōdōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
frōdini (dative neuter singular weak)
frōdammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
frōdinē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
frōdammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
frōdōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
frōdōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
frōdinē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
frōdammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

*frōdaz (a-stem)

Proto-West Germanic: *frōd
Old English: frōd
Middle English: *frod, *frode, *frood
English: frood
Scots: frood
Old Frisian: frōd
North Frisian: frod
Saterland Frisian: frod
West Frisian: froed
Old Saxon: frōd
Middle Low German: vrôt
Old Dutch: *fruod, *fruot
Middle Dutch: vroet
Dutch: vroed
Afrikaans: vroed
Old High German: fruot, frōt
Middle High German: vruot
Alemannic German: fruetig

Proto-Norse: *ᚠᚱᛟᛞᚨᛉ (*frodaʀ)

Old Norse: fróðr
Icelandic: fróður
Faroese: fróður
Norwegian Nynorsk: frod
Old Swedish: frodher
Swedish: frod
Danish: frod
Norwegian Bokmål: frod

Gothic: 𐍆𐍂𐍉𐌸𐍃 (frōþs)

Vṛddhi gerundive of *fraþjaną (“to understand”).


minnistaz

minnist (adverb)
minnistaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
minnistai (masculine nominative plural strong)
minnistō (feminine nominative singular strong)
minnistôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
minnistą (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
minnistō (neuter nominative plural strong)
minnistanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
minnistanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
minnistǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
minnistōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
minnistą (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
minnistō (accusative neuter plural strong)
minnistas (genitive masculine singular strong)
-is (genitive masculine singular strong)
minnistaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
minnistaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
minnistaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
minnistas (genitive neuter singular strong)
-is (genitive neuter singular strong)
minnistaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
minnistammai (dative masculine singular strong)
minnistaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
minnistaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
minnistaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
minnistammai (dative neuter singular strong)
minnistaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
minnistanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
minnistaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
minnistaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
minnistaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
minnistanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
minnistaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
minnistô (masculine nominative singular weak)
minnistaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
minnistǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
minnistōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
minnistô (neuter nominative singular weak)
minnistōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
minnistanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
minnistanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
minnistōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
minnistōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
minnistô (accusative neuter singular weak)
minnistōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
minnistiniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
minnistanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
minnistōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
minnistōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
minnistiniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
minnistanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
minnistini (dative masculine singular weak)
minnistammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
minnistōni (dative feminine singular weak)
minnistōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
minnistini (dative neuter singular weak)
minnistammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
minnistinē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
minnistammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
minnistōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
minnistōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
minnistinē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
minnistammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

*minnistaz (a-stem)

Old Saxon: minnist

Old Dutch: minnist

Middle Dutch: minst

Dutch: minst

Afrikaans: minste

Old High German: minnist

Old Norse: minnstr

Danish: mindst

Faroese: minstur

Icelandic: minnstur

Norwegian: minst

Old Swedish: minster

Swedish: minst

Gothic: 𐌼𐌹𐌽𐌽𐌹𐍃𐍄𐍃 (minnists)

Superlative of Proto-Indo-European *mey- (“small”). Cognate with Latin minor, minus.


minnizô

minniz (adverb)
minnizô (masculine nominative singular)
minnizaniz (masculine nominative plural)
minnizį̄ (feminine nominative singular)
minnizīniz (feminine nominative plural)
minnizô (neuter nominative singular)
minnizōnō (neuter nominative plural)
minnizanų (accusative masculine singular)
minnizanunz (accusative masculine plural)
minnizīnų (accusative feminine singular)
minnizīnunz (accusative feminine plural)
minnizô (accusative neuter singular)
minnizōnō (accusative neuter plural)
minniziniz (genitive masculine singular)
minnizanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural)
minnizīniz (feminine genitive singular)
minnizīnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural)
minniziniz (genitive neuter singular)
minnizanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural)
minnizini (dative masculine singular)
minnizammaz (dative masculine plural)
minnizīni (dative feminine singular)
minnizīmaz (dative feminine plural)
minnizini (dative neuter singular)
minnizammaz (dative neuter plural)
minnizinē (instrumental masculine singular)
minnizammiz (instrumental masculine plural)
minnizīnē (feminine instrumental singular)
minnizīmiz (feminine instrumental plural)
minnizinē (instrumental neuter singular)
minnizammiz (instrumental neuter plural)

gem-decl-adj-table

*minnizô (an/īn-stem)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *minniʀō
Old Saxon: minniro
Old Dutch: minniro
Middle Dutch: minre
Dutch: minder
Afrikaans: minder
Old High German: minniro
Middle High German: minder, minner, minre
Cimbrian: mindor
German: minder
Luxembourgish: manner

Old Norse: minni
Icelandic: minni
Faroese: minni
Norwegian:
Norwegian Nynorsk: mindre
Norwegian Bokmål: mindre
Old Swedish: minne, mindre
Swedish: mindre
Old Danish: minnæ, mindræ
Danish: mindre

Gothic: 𐌼𐌹𐌽𐌽𐌹𐌶𐌰 (minniza)

From an adjectival stem *minn- (compare the adverb *minniz), from Proto-Indo-European *mey-n- (“small”), suffixed with *-izô. Cognate with Latin minor, minus.


bataz

wela (adverb)
batizô (comparative)
batistaz (superlative)
bataz (masculine nominative singular strong)
batai (masculine nominative plural strong)
batō (feminine nominative singular strong)
batôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
batą (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
batō (neuter nominative plural strong)
batanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
batanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
batǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
batōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
batą (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
batō (accusative neuter plural strong)
batas (genitive masculine singular strong)
-is (genitive masculine singular strong)
bataizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
bataizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
bataizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
batas (genitive neuter singular strong)
-is (genitive neuter singular strong)
bataizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
batammai (dative masculine singular strong)
bataimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
bataizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
bataimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
batammai (dative neuter singular strong)
bataimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
batanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
bataimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
bataizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
bataimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
batanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
bataimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
batô (masculine nominative singular weak)
bataniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
batǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
batōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
batô (neuter nominative singular weak)
batōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
batanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
batanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
batōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
batōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
batô (accusative neuter singular weak)
batōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
batiniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
batanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
batōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
batōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
batiniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
batanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
batini (dative masculine singular weak)
batammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
batōni (dative feminine singular weak)
batōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
batini (dative neuter singular weak)
batammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
batinē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
batammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
batōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
batōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
batinē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
batammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

*bataz (a-stem)

Derived from Proto-Indo-European *bʰed- (“good”). Cognate with Sanskrit भद्र (bhadrá).


falaz

falaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
falai (masculine nominative plural strong)
falō (feminine nominative singular strong)
falôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
falą (neuter nominative singular strong)
-at (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
falō (neuter nominative plural strong)
falanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
falanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
falǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
falōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
falą (accusative neuter singular strong)
-at (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
falō (accusative neuter plural strong)
falas (genitive masculine singular strong)
falis (genitive masculine singular strong)
falaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
falaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
falaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
falas (genitive neuter singular strong)
falis (genitive neuter singular strong)
falaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
falammai (dative masculine singular strong)
falaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
falaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
falaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
falammai (dative neuter singular strong)
falaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
falanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
falaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
falaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
falaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
falanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
falaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
falô (masculine nominative singular weak)
falaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
falǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
falōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
falô (neuter nominative singular weak)
falōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
falanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
falanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
falōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
falōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
falô (accusative neuter singular weak)
falōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
faliniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
falanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
falōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
falōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
faliniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
falanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
falini (dative masculine singular weak)
falammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
falōni (dative feminine singular weak)
falōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
falini (dative neuter singular weak)
falammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
falinē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
falammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
falōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
falōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
falinē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
falammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

Old High German: fali (feil is Old High German feili)

Old Norse: falr

Icelandic: falur

Faroese: falur

Swedish: fal

Danish: fal

Uncertain. Usually regarded as from a Proto-Indo-European root *pel- (“to sell”) and cognate with e.g. Lithuanian pel̃nas (“profit”), Proto-Slavic *pȇlnъ (“loot”), Ancient Greek πωλέω (pōléō, “I sell”).


aldaz

alþizô (comparative)
alþistaz (superlative)
aldaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
aldai (masculine nominative plural strong)
aldō (feminine nominative singular strong)
aldôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
aldą (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
aldō (neuter nominative plural strong)
aldanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
aldanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
aldǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
aldōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
aldą (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
aldō (accusative neuter plural strong)
aldas (genitive masculine singular strong)
-is (genitive masculine singular strong)
aldaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
aldaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
aldaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
aldas (genitive neuter singular strong)
-is (genitive neuter singular strong)
aldaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
aldammai (dative masculine singular strong)
aldaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
aldaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
aldaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
aldammai (dative neuter singular strong)
aldaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
aldanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
aldaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
aldaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
aldaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
aldanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
aldaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
aldô (masculine nominative singular weak)
aldaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
aldǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
aldōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
aldô (neuter nominative singular weak)
aldōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
aldanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
aldanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
aldōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
aldōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
aldô (accusative neuter singular weak)
aldōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
aldiniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
aldanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
aldōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
aldōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
aldiniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
aldanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
aldini (dative masculine singular weak)
aldammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
aldōni (dative feminine singular weak)
aldōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
aldini (dative neuter singular weak)
aldammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
aldinē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
aldammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
aldōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
aldōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
aldinē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
aldammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

*aldaz (a-stem)

Proto-West Germanic: *ald
Old English: eald, ald, eold, æld, eld
Middle English: olde, old, ald, holde, wolde, yolde, yhold, yolle
English: old, wold (dialect)
Geordie English: awd, auld
Scots: auld
Yola: yole, yold
Old Frisian: ald
North Frisian: ual, uul, ool
Saterland Frisian: oold
West Frisian: âld
Old Saxon: ald
Middle Low German: ôlt, old
German Low German: old, oold, ol, olt
→ German: oll
Plautdietsch: oolt
Old Dutch: alt
Middle Dutch: out
Dutch: oud
Afrikaans: oud
Berbice Creole Dutch: hau
Jersey Dutch: āud, āut
Negerhollands: oud, ouw, houw, hou
Skepi Creole Dutch: ou, oud
West Flemish: elde
Limburgish: aad
Old High German: alt, ald — northern
Middle High German: alt
Alemannic German: altu, oalt, oalt, olt, àltà (Italian Walser)
Bavarian:
Apeltonerisch: old
Central Bavarian: oid /ɔed̥/
Cimbrian: alt
Mòcheno: òlt
Northern Bavarian: old /ɔːld̥/
Southern Bavarian: ålt /ɔltʰ/
Udinese: olt, òlt
Central Franconian: alt
Hunsrik: alt
Kirchröadsj: aod, auw
Luxembourgish: al
German: alt
Rhine Franconian: alt, all
Frankfurterisch: [ɑːl], [aːl]
Pennsylvania German: alt
Vilamovian: aołd
Yiddish: אַלט (alt)

Old Norse: aldinn

Icelandic: aldinn

Gothic: 𐌰𐌻𐌸𐌴𐌹𐍃 (alþeis)

Crimean Gothic: alt

From Proto-Indo-European *h₂eltós, from *h₂el- (“to grow, nourish”); equivalent to the old past participle of *alaną (“to grow”). Compare Latin altus (“tall, high”) with a similar origin.


lungraz

*lungraz (a-stem)

lungraz (masculine nominative singular strong)
lungrai (masculine nominative plural strong)
lungrō (feminine nominative singular strong)
lungrôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
lungrą (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
lungrō (neuter nominative plural strong)
lungranǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
lungranz (accusative masculine plural strong)
lungrǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
lungrōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
lungrą (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
lungrō (accusative neuter plural strong)
lungras (genitive masculine singular strong)
-is (genitive masculine singular strong)
lungraizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
lungraizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
lungraizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
lungras (genitive neuter singular strong)
-is (genitive neuter singular strong)
lungraizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
lungrammai (dative masculine singular strong)
lungraimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
lungraizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
lungraimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
lungrammai (dative neuter singular strong)
lungraimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
lungranō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
lungraimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
lungraizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
lungraimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
lungranō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
lungraimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
lungrô (masculine nominative singular weak)
lungraniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
lungrǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
lungrōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
lungrô (neuter nominative singular weak)
lungrōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
lungranų (accusative masculine singular weak)
lungranunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
lungrōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
lungrōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
lungrô (accusative neuter singular weak)
lungrōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
lungriniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
lungranǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
lungrōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
lungrōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
lungriniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
lungranǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
lungrini (dative masculine singular weak)
lungrammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
lungrōni (dative feminine singular weak)
lungrōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
lungrini (dative neuter singular weak)
lungrammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
lungrinē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
lungrammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
lungrōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
lungrōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
lungrinē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
lungrammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

Proto-West Germanic: *lungr
Old English: lungor
Old Saxon: lungar

From Proto-Indo-European *h₁ln̥gʷʰrós (“light”).


-umô

gem-decl-adj-table

*-umô (an/īn-stem)

-umô (masculine nominative singular)
-umaniz (masculine nominative plural)
-umį̄ (feminine nominative singular)
-umīniz (feminine nominative plural)
-umô (neuter nominative singular)
-umōnō (neuter nominative plural)
-umanų (accusative masculine singular)
-umanunz (accusative masculine plural)
-umīnų (accusative feminine singular)
-umīnunz (accusative feminine plural)
-umô (accusative neuter singular)
-umōnō (accusative neuter plural)
-uminiz (genitive masculine singular)
-umanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural)
-umīniz (feminine genitive singular)
-umīnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural)
-uminiz (genitive neuter singular)
-umanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural)
-umini (dative masculine singular)
-umammaz (dative masculine plural)
-umīni (dative feminine singular)
-umīmaz (dative feminine plural)
-umini (dative neuter singular)
-umammaz (dative neuter plural)
-uminē (instrumental masculine singular)
-umammiz (instrumental masculine plural)
-umīnē (feminine instrumental singular)
-umīmiz (feminine instrumental plural)
-uminē (instrumental neuter singular)
-umammiz (instrumental neuter plural)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *-umō
Old English: -uma, -ema, -ma
English: -most (from -emest(a))

Gothic: -𐌿𐌼𐌰 (-uma)

From Pre-Germanic *-m̥Hon-, from Proto-Indo-European *-mHo-. Cognate with Latin -imus, Sanskrit -अम (-ama).

Forms comparative or superlative adjectives.


kundaz

kundaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
kundai (masculine nominative plural strong)
kundō (feminine nominative singular strong)
kundôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
kundą (neuter nominative singular strong)
-at (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
kundō (neuter nominative plural strong)
kundanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
kundanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
kundǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
kundōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
kundą (accusative neuter singular strong)
-at (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
kundō (accusative neuter plural strong)
kundas (genitive masculine singular strong)
kundis (genitive masculine singular strong)
kundaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
kundaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
kundaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
kundas (genitive neuter singular strong)
kundis (genitive neuter singular strong)
kundaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
kundammai (dative masculine singular strong)
kundaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
kundaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
kundaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
kundammai (dative neuter singular strong)
kundaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
kundanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
kundaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
kundaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
kundaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
kundanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
kundaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
kundô (masculine nominative singular weak)
kundaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
kundǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
kundōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
kundô (neuter nominative singular weak)
kundōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
kundanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
kundanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
kundōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
kundōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
kundô (accusative neuter singular weak)
kundōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
kundiniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
kundanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
kundōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
kundōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
kundiniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
kundanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
kundini (dative masculine singular weak)
kundammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
kundōni (dative feminine singular weak)
kundōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
kundini (dative neuter singular weak)
kundammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
kundinē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
kundammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
kundōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
kundōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
kundinē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
kundammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

Proto-West Germanic: *kund

Old English: -cund

Middle English: -cund

Proto-Norse: *-ᚲᚢᛞᚨᛉ (*-kudaʀ)

Old Norse: -kundr

desc

⇒ Proto-Norse: ᚱᚨᚷᛁᚾᚨᚲᚢᛞᛟ (raginakudo /raginakundō/) (feminine accusative singular)

Old Norse: reginkunnr

Gothic: -𐌺𐌿𐌽𐌳𐍃 (-kunds)

From Proto-Indo-European *ǵn̥h₁tós (“born”).


hwassaz

*hwassaz (a-stem)

hwassaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
hwassai (masculine nominative plural strong)
hwassō (feminine nominative singular strong)
hwassôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
hwassą (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
hwassō (neuter nominative plural strong)
hwassanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
hwassanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
hwassǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
hwassōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
hwassą (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
hwassō (accusative neuter plural strong)
hwassas (genitive masculine singular strong)
-is (genitive masculine singular strong)
hwassaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
hwassaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
hwassaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
hwassas (genitive neuter singular strong)
-is (genitive neuter singular strong)
hwassaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
hwassammai (dative masculine singular strong)
hwassaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
hwassaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
hwassaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
hwassammai (dative neuter singular strong)
hwassaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
hwassanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
hwassaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
hwassaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
hwassaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
hwassanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
hwassaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
hwassô (masculine nominative singular weak)
hwassaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
hwassǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
hwassōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
hwassô (neuter nominative singular weak)
hwassōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
hwassanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
hwassanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
hwassōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
hwassōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
hwassô (accusative neuter singular weak)
hwassōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
hwassiniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
hwassanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
hwassōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
hwassōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
hwassiniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
hwassanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
hwassini (dative masculine singular weak)
hwassammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
hwassōni (dative feminine singular weak)
hwassōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
hwassini (dative neuter singular weak)
hwassammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
hwassinē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
hwassammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
hwassōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
hwassōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
hwassinē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
hwassammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *hwass
Old English: hwæs
Old Saxon: hwass
Old High German: was

Old Norse: hvass
Icelandic: hvass
Faroese: hvassur
Norwegian Nynorsk: kvass
→ Norwegian Bokmål: kvass
Old Swedish: hvas
Swedish: vass, (pre-1906 spelling) hvass
Danish: hvas
Norwegian Bokmål: hvass

Gothic: *𐍈𐌰𐍃𐍃 (*ƕass)

⇒ Gothic: 𐍈𐌰𐍃𐍃𐌰𐌱𐌰 (ƕassaba)

From Proto-Indo-European *kʷh₁dtós (“sharpened”).


haftaz

*haftaz (a-stem)

haftaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
haftai (masculine nominative plural strong)
haftō (feminine nominative singular strong)
haftôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
haftą (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
haftō (neuter nominative plural strong)
haftanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
haftanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
haftǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
haftōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
haftą (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
haftō (accusative neuter plural strong)
haftas (genitive masculine singular strong)
-is (genitive masculine singular strong)
haftaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
haftaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
haftaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
haftas (genitive neuter singular strong)
-is (genitive neuter singular strong)
haftaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
haftammai (dative masculine singular strong)
haftaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
haftaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
haftaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
haftammai (dative neuter singular strong)
haftaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
haftanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
haftaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
haftaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
haftaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
haftanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
haftaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
haftô (masculine nominative singular weak)
haftaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
haftǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
haftōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
haftô (neuter nominative singular weak)
haftōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
haftanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
haftanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
haftōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
haftōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
haftô (accusative neuter singular weak)
haftōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
haftiniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
haftanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
haftōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
haftōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
haftiniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
haftanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
haftini (dative masculine singular weak)
haftammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
haftōni (dative feminine singular weak)
haftōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
haftini (dative neuter singular weak)
haftammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
haftinē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
haftammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
haftōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
haftōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
haftinē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
haftammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

Proto-West Germanic: *haft
Old English: hæft
Old Saxon: -haft
Old Dutch: -haft
Middle Dutch: -acht, -achtig
Dutch: -achtig
Old High German: haft
Middle High German: -haft
German: -haft
→ Dutch: -haftig

Old Norse: haptr

Icelandic: haftur

Old Swedish: hapt

Gothic: 𐌷𐌰𐍆𐍄𐍃 (hafts)

From Proto-Indo-European *kh₂ptós (“grabbed”).


kwikwaz

*kwikwaz (a-stem)

kwikwaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
kwikwai (masculine nominative plural strong)
kwikwō (feminine nominative singular strong)
kwikwôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
kwikwą (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
kwikwō (neuter nominative plural strong)
kwikwanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
kwikwanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
kwikwǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
kwikwōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
kwikwą (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
kwikwō (accusative neuter plural strong)
kwikwas (genitive masculine singular strong)
-is (genitive masculine singular strong)
kwikwaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
kwikwaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
kwikwaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
kwikwas (genitive neuter singular strong)
-is (genitive neuter singular strong)
kwikwaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
kwikwammai (dative masculine singular strong)
kwikwaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
kwikwaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
kwikwaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
kwikwammai (dative neuter singular strong)
kwikwaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
kwikwanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
kwikwaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
kwikwaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
kwikwaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
kwikwanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
kwikwaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
kwikwô (masculine nominative singular weak)
kwikwaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
kwikwǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
kwikwōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
kwikwô (neuter nominative singular weak)
kwikwōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
kwikwanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
kwikwanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
kwikwōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
kwikwōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
kwikwô (accusative neuter singular weak)
kwikwōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
kwikwiniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
kwikwanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
kwikwōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
kwikwōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
kwikwiniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
kwikwanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
kwikwini (dative masculine singular weak)
kwikwammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
kwikwōni (dative feminine singular weak)
kwikwōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
kwikwini (dative neuter singular weak)
kwikwammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
kwikwinē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
kwikwammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
kwikwōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
kwikwōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
kwikwinē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
kwikwammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

Proto-West Germanic: *kwiku
Old English: cwic, cuc, cucu, cwicu, cwuc, cwucu
Middle English: quyk, quic, quicke, quik, quike, quikke, quycke, quyke, quykke, qwicke, qwik, qwyck, qwyk, qwyke, cwic, cwich, cwick, cwuc (Early Middle English), qwhyke, weke, whik, whike, whikk, whyk, whyke, whykke (Northern)
English: quick (dialectal wick)
→ Ido: quik
Scots: quick, queek
Old Frisian: quik
North Frisian: quick, queck
Saterland Frisian: kwik
West Frisian: kwik, kwyk
Old Saxon: quik
Middle Low German: *quik (in derivatives and compounds: e.g. quikpenninc, quikstērt, quiksilver)
German Low German: quick
→ German: quick (chiefly in quicklebendig)
Old Dutch: quic
Middle Dutch: quic
Dutch: kwik, kwiek
Old High German: quic, quec, chëch
Middle High German: quëc, këc
German: keck; (qu- in Quecksilber, erquicken)
→ Danish: kæk
→ Dutch: kek
→ Norwegian: kjekk
→ Swedish: käck

Old Norse: kvikr, kykr

Icelandic: kvikur

Faroese: kvikur, kykur

Norwegian:

Norwegian Bokmål: kvikk

Norwegian Nynorsk: kvik, kvikk

Old Swedish: qvikker

Swedish: kvick

Danish: kvik

Gothic: 𐌵𐌹𐌿𐍃 (qius)

From Proto-Indo-European *gʷih₃wós (“alive”).


gelwaz

*gelwaz (a-stem)

gelwaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
gelwai (masculine nominative plural strong)
gelwō (feminine nominative singular strong)
gelwôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
gelwą (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
gelwō (neuter nominative plural strong)
gelwanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
gelwanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
gelwǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
gelwōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
gelwą (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
gelwō (accusative neuter plural strong)
gelwas (genitive masculine singular strong)
-is (genitive masculine singular strong)
gelwaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
gelwaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
gelwaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
gelwas (genitive neuter singular strong)
-is (genitive neuter singular strong)
gelwaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
gelwammai (dative masculine singular strong)
gelwaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
gelwaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
gelwaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
gelwammai (dative neuter singular strong)
gelwaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
gelwanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
gelwaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
gelwaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
gelwaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
gelwanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
gelwaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
gelwô (masculine nominative singular weak)
gelwaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
gelwǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
gelwōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
gelwô (neuter nominative singular weak)
gelwōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
gelwanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
gelwanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
gelwōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
gelwōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
gelwô (accusative neuter singular weak)
gelwōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
gelwiniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
gelwanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
gelwōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
gelwōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
gelwiniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
gelwanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
gelwini (dative masculine singular weak)
gelwammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
gelwōni (dative feminine singular weak)
gelwōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
gelwini (dative neuter singular weak)
gelwammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
gelwinē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
gelwammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
gelwōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
gelwōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
gelwinē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
gelwammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

Proto-West Germanic: *gelu
Old English: ġeolu
Middle English: ȝelwe, ȝalow, yelow
English: yellow; yeller, yallow, yaller, yullow (dialectal)
Scots: yella, yelly, yallow
Old Frisian: *jele
Saterland Frisian: jeel
West Frisian: giel
Old Saxon: gelo, gelu
Middle Low German: gēl
Low German:
German Low German:
Hamburgisch: geel
Westphalian:
Ravensbergisch-Lippisch: gial
Lippisch: gäll
Sauerländisch: giäl, geal, gail, gēäl
Westmünsterländisch: gääl, geel, gell
Plautdietsch: jäl
Old Dutch: *gelo
Middle Dutch: gēle
Dutch: geel
Limburgish: gael
Old High German: gelo
Middle High German: gël (inflected gëlwe)
Alemannic German:
Alsatian: gahl, gäl
Swabian: geal
Central Franconian: gäl, jäl, jell
Cimbrian: gel, ghéel (Sette Comuni)
German: gelb; gehl (regional)
→ Hunsrik: gelleb
Luxembourgish: giel
Pennsylvania German: gehl
Vilamovian: gaoł
Yiddish: געל (gel), געלב (gelb)

From Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰelh₃wós (“yellow”), from *ǵʰelh₃- (“to shine”) + *-wós. Cognate with Latin helvus (“light-yellow”).


haihaz

*haihaz (a-stem)

haihaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
haihai (masculine nominative plural strong)
haihō (feminine nominative singular strong)
haihôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
haihą (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
haihō (neuter nominative plural strong)
haihanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
haihanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
haihǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
haihōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
haihą (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
haihō (accusative neuter plural strong)
haihas (genitive masculine singular strong)
-is (genitive masculine singular strong)
haihaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
haihaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
haihaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
haihas (genitive neuter singular strong)
-is (genitive neuter singular strong)
haihaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
haihammai (dative masculine singular strong)
haihaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
haihaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
haihaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
haihammai (dative neuter singular strong)
haihaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
haihanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
haihaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
haihaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
haihaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
haihanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
haihaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
haihô (masculine nominative singular weak)
haihaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
haihǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
haihōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
haihô (neuter nominative singular weak)
haihōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
haihanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
haihanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
haihōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
haihōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
haihô (accusative neuter singular weak)
haihōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
haihiniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
haihanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
haihōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
haihōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
haihiniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
haihanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
haihini (dative masculine singular weak)
haihammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
haihōni (dative feminine singular weak)
haihōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
haihini (dative neuter singular weak)
haihammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
haihinē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
haihammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
haihōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
haihōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
haihinē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
haihammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

Proto-Norse: *ᚺᚨᚺᚨᛉ (*hahaʀ /Hāhaʀ/)

Old Norse: Hárr

Gothic: 𐌷𐌰𐌹𐌷𐍃 (haihs)

From Proto-Indo-European *kéh₂ikos (“one-eyed”). Cognate with Latin caecus (“blind”).


slihtaz

*slihtaz (a-stem)

slihtaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
slihtai (masculine nominative plural strong)
slihtō (feminine nominative singular strong)
slihtôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
slihtą (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
slihtō (neuter nominative plural strong)
slihtanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
slihtanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
slihtǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
slihtōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
slihtą (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
slihtō (accusative neuter plural strong)
slihtas (genitive masculine singular strong)
-is (genitive masculine singular strong)
slihtaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
slihtaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
slihtaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
slihtas (genitive neuter singular strong)
-is (genitive neuter singular strong)
slihtaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
slihtammai (dative masculine singular strong)
slihtaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
slihtaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
slihtaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
slihtammai (dative neuter singular strong)
slihtaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
slihtanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
slihtaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
slihtaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
slihtaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
slihtanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
slihtaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
slihtô (masculine nominative singular weak)
slihtaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
slihtǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
slihtōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
slihtô (neuter nominative singular weak)
slihtōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
slihtanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
slihtanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
slihtōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
slihtōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
slihtô (accusative neuter singular weak)
slihtōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
slihtiniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
slihtanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
slihtōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
slihtōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
slihtiniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
slihtanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
slihtini (dative masculine singular weak)
slihtammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
slihtōni (dative feminine singular weak)
slihtōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
slihtini (dative neuter singular weak)
slihtammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
slihtinē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
slihtammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
slihtōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
slihtōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
slihtinē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
slihtammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

Old English: sliht
Middle English: slight, sleght, sleȝt, sleight, sleiȝte, sliȝt, slyght, slyȝt
English: slight
Scots: slicht
Yola: sleight

Old Frisian: sliucht

Saterland Frisian: sljucht

West Frisian: sljocht

Old Saxon: *sliht, *sleht

Middle Low German: slicht; slecht (rarer)

q

German Low German: slicht, slecht (often with split after standard German)

Old Dutch: *sliht, *sleht

Middle Dutch: slicht, slecht

Dutch: slecht (earlier also slicht)

Afrikaans: sleg

Old High German: sleht; *sliht

Middle High German: sleht; sliht (northern; rather rare)

German: schlecht; schlicht (partly from Low German)

Vilamovian: ślaht

Yiddish: שלעכט (shlekht)

desctree

Old Norse: sléttr
Icelandic: sléttur
Faroese: slættur
Norwegian Nynorsk: slett
Norwegian Bokmål: slett
Old Swedish: slǣtter
Swedish: slät, slätt
Danish: slet
Gutnish: slètur

Gothic: 𐍃𐌻𐌰𐌹𐌷𐍄𐍃 (slaihts)


hrawaz

*hrawaz (a-stem)

hrawaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
hrawai (masculine nominative plural strong)
hrawō (feminine nominative singular strong)
hrawôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
hrawą (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
hrawō (neuter nominative plural strong)
hrawanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
hrawanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
hrawǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
hrawōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
hrawą (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
hrawō (accusative neuter plural strong)
hrawas (genitive masculine singular strong)
-is (genitive masculine singular strong)
hrawaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
hrawaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
hrawaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
hrawas (genitive neuter singular strong)
-is (genitive neuter singular strong)
hrawaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
hrawammai (dative masculine singular strong)
hrawaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
hrawaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
hrawaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
hrawammai (dative neuter singular strong)
hrawaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
hrawanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
hrawaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
hrawaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
hrawaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
hrawanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
hrawaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
hrawô (masculine nominative singular weak)
hrawaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
hrawǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
hrawōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
hrawô (neuter nominative singular weak)
hrawōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
hrawanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
hrawanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
hrawōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
hrawōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
hrawô (accusative neuter singular weak)
hrawōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
hrawiniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
hrawanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
hrawōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
hrawōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
hrawiniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
hrawanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
hrawini (dative masculine singular weak)
hrawammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
hrawōni (dative feminine singular weak)
hrawōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
hrawini (dative neuter singular weak)
hrawammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
hrawinē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
hrawammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
hrawōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
hrawōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
hrawinē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
hrawammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

Proto-West Germanic: *hrau
Old English: hrēaw, hrǣw
Middle English: rawe, raw, rau, rauȝ, raugh, rae, ra, rowe
English: raw
Scots: raw
Old Frisian: *hrā, *hrē
Saterland Frisian: räi
West Frisian: rau
Old Saxon: hrāo
Middle Low German: rō
Old Dutch: *rao, *rō
Middle Dutch: roo, rou, raeu
Dutch: rauw
Afrikaans: rou
Old High German: rō, hrō, rao, rāo
Middle High German: rō, rōch, rou, rā
Central Franconian: rüh, rieh, reh
Luxembourgish: réi
German: roh
Yiddish: רוי (roy)

Old Norse: hrár
Icelandic: hrár
Faroese: ráur
Norwegian Nynorsk: rå
Norwegian Bokmål: rå
Elfdalian: rå
Old Swedish: rār
Swedish: rå
Old Danish: rā
Danish: rå
Scanian: aráer
Gutnish: råar

→ Proto-Finnic: *raaka

Estonian: raag-

⇒ Estonian: raagnahk

Finnish: raaka

From Proto-Indo-European *krewh₂- (“raw meat, fresh blood”).


gernaz

gernô (adverb)
gernaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
gernai (masculine nominative plural strong)
gernō (feminine nominative singular strong)
gernôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
gerną (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
gernō (neuter nominative plural strong)
gernanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
gernanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
gernǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
gernōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
gerną (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
gernō (accusative neuter plural strong)
gernas (genitive masculine singular strong)
-is (genitive masculine singular strong)
gernaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
gernaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
gernaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
gernas (genitive neuter singular strong)
-is (genitive neuter singular strong)
gernaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
gernammai (dative masculine singular strong)
gernaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
gernaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
gernaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
gernammai (dative neuter singular strong)
gernaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
gernanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
gernaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
gernaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
gernaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
gernanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
gernaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
gernô (masculine nominative singular weak)
gernaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
gernǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
gernōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
gernô (neuter nominative singular weak)
gernōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
gernanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
gernanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
gernōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
gernōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
gernô (accusative neuter singular weak)
gernōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
gerniniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
gernanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
gernōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
gernōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
gerniniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
gernanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
gernini (dative masculine singular weak)
gernammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
gernōni (dative feminine singular weak)
gernōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
gernini (dative neuter singular weak)
gernammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
gerninē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
gernammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
gernōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
gernōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
gerninē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
gernammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

*gernaz (a-stem)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *gern
Old English: ġeorn
Middle English: ȝeorn, yern
English: yern (obsolete)
Old Saxon: gern
Old High German: gern, gerni
Middle High German: gern, gerne

Old Norse: gjarn
Icelandic: gjarn
Faroese: gjarnur
Old Swedish: giærn

>? Gothic: *𐌲𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌽𐍃 (*gairns)

→ Proto-Finnic: *kërnas (see there for further descendants)

From Proto-Indo-European *gʰer-. Cognate with Ancient Greek χαίρω (khaírō, “to be very glad”) and Latin horior (“to encourage”).


snellaz

*snellaz (a-stem)

snellaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
snellai (masculine nominative plural strong)
snellō (feminine nominative singular strong)
snellôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
snellą (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
snellō (neuter nominative plural strong)
snellanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
snellanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
snellǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
snellōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
snellą (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
snellō (accusative neuter plural strong)
snellas (genitive masculine singular strong)
-is (genitive masculine singular strong)
snellaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
snellaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
snellaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
snellas (genitive neuter singular strong)
-is (genitive neuter singular strong)
snellaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
snellammai (dative masculine singular strong)
snellaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
snellaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
snellaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
snellammai (dative neuter singular strong)
snellaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
snellanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
snellaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
snellaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
snellaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
snellanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
snellaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
snellô (masculine nominative singular weak)
snellaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
snellǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
snellōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
snellô (neuter nominative singular weak)
snellōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
snellanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
snellanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
snellōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
snellōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
snellô (accusative neuter singular weak)
snellōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
snelliniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
snellanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
snellōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
snellōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
snelliniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
snellanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
snellini (dative masculine singular weak)
snellammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
snellōni (dative feminine singular weak)
snellōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
snellini (dative neuter singular weak)
snellammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
snellinē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
snellammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
snellōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
snellōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
snellinē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
snellammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

Proto-West Germanic: *snell

Old English: snel, snell

Middle English: snell

English: snell

Scots: snell

Old Frisian: snel

West Frisian: snel

Old Saxon: snell, snel

Middle Low German: snell, snel

German Low German: snell

Old Dutch: *snel

Middle Dutch: snel, snell

Dutch: snel

Afrikaans: snel

gl

alternatively from Gothic <i class="Goth mention" lang="got">*𐍃𐌽𐌹𐌻𐌻𐍃</i> (*snills)

→ Vulgar Latin: *snellus (alternatively from Gothic *𐍃𐌽𐌹𐌻𐌻𐍃 (*snills))

Old French: esnel, isnel, inel

Middle French: isnel, ignel

Occitan: isnel, irnel

Italian: snello

Old High German: snel

Middle High German: snël

Alemannic German:

Alsatian: schnëll

Bavarian: schnej, schnö, schnöll

desctree

German: schnell
→ Russian: шнель (šnelʹ), шнеле (šnele), шнеля (šnelja, “quickly; go”)

Yiddish: שנעל (shnel)

Old Norse: snjallr

Icelandic: snjallur, snjall

Faroese: snjallur

Norwegian Bokmål: snill

Old Swedish: sniælder, snælder

Swedish: snäll

Old Danish: snialdær, sniældær, snildær, sniæll

Danish: snild

Gutnish: snäldar, snällar

Uncertain. Possibly from Pre-Germanic *snedʰlos, from Proto-Indo-European *snedʰ- (“to cut”), a root probably also attested in *snadō (“cut, wound”). If so, the meaning might have developed from "cutting" > "eager to cut" > "eager, active, quick, brave (in battle)". For the assimilation of -dl- to -ll-, see also *stallaz, *knullaz, *trullōną.


sanþaz

*sanþaz (a-stem)

sanþaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
sanþai (masculine nominative plural strong)
sanþō (feminine nominative singular strong)
sanþôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
sanþą (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
sanþō (neuter nominative plural strong)
sanþanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
sanþanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
sanþǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
sanþōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
sanþą (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
sanþō (accusative neuter plural strong)
sanþas (genitive masculine singular strong)
-is (genitive masculine singular strong)
sanþaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
sanþaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
sanþaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
sanþas (genitive neuter singular strong)
-is (genitive neuter singular strong)
sanþaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
sanþammai (dative masculine singular strong)
sanþaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
sanþaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
sanþaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
sanþammai (dative neuter singular strong)
sanþaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
sanþanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
sanþaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
sanþaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
sanþaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
sanþanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
sanþaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
sanþô (masculine nominative singular weak)
sanþaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
sanþǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
sanþōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
sanþô (neuter nominative singular weak)
sanþōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
sanþanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
sanþanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
sanþōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
sanþōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
sanþô (accusative neuter singular weak)
sanþōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
sanþiniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
sanþanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
sanþōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
sanþōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
sanþiniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
sanþanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
sanþini (dative masculine singular weak)
sanþammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
sanþōni (dative feminine singular weak)
sanþōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
sanþini (dative neuter singular weak)
sanþammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
sanþinē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
sanþammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
sanþōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
sanþōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
sanþinē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
sanþammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

Proto-West Germanic: *sanþ
Old English: sōþ
Middle English: soth
English: sooth
Scots: suthe, suith
Old Frisian: sōth
Old Saxon: sōth

Old Norse: sannr, saðr
Icelandic: sannur, saður
Faroese: sannur
Norwegian Nynorsk: sann m (dialectal) sonn f, satt n
Norwegian Bokmål: sann
Old Swedish: sander
Swedish: sann
Danish: sand

From Proto-Indo-European *h₁s-ónt-s (“being, existing”), the present participle of *h₁es- (“to be”) (from which the present forms of *wesaną). Compare also *sundī (“guilt, misdeed”), an abstract noun derived from *h₁sóntih₂, genitive *h₁sn̥tyéh₂s, the feminine form of the participle.


ainafalþaz

*ainafalþaz (a-stem)

ainafalþaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
ainafalþai (masculine nominative plural strong)
ainafalþō (feminine nominative singular strong)
ainafalþôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
ainafalþą (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
ainafalþō (neuter nominative plural strong)
ainafalþanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
ainafalþanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
ainafalþǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
ainafalþōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
ainafalþą (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
ainafalþō (accusative neuter plural strong)
ainafalþas (genitive masculine singular strong)
-is (genitive masculine singular strong)
ainafalþaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
ainafalþaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
ainafalþaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
ainafalþas (genitive neuter singular strong)
-is (genitive neuter singular strong)
ainafalþaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
ainafalþammai (dative masculine singular strong)
ainafalþaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
ainafalþaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
ainafalþaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
ainafalþammai (dative neuter singular strong)
ainafalþaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
ainafalþanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
ainafalþaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
ainafalþaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
ainafalþaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
ainafalþanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
ainafalþaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
ainafalþô (masculine nominative singular weak)
ainafalþaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
ainafalþǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
ainafalþōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
ainafalþô (neuter nominative singular weak)
ainafalþōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
ainafalþanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
ainafalþanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
ainafalþōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
ainafalþōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
ainafalþô (accusative neuter singular weak)
ainafalþōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
ainafalþiniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
ainafalþanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
ainafalþōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
ainafalþōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
ainafalþiniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
ainafalþanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
ainafalþini (dative masculine singular weak)
ainafalþammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
ainafalþōni (dative feminine singular weak)
ainafalþōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
ainafalþini (dative neuter singular weak)
ainafalþammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
ainafalþinē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
ainafalþammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
ainafalþōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
ainafalþōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
ainafalþinē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
ainafalþammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *ainfald
Old English: ānfeald
Middle English: anfald, onfold
English: onefold
Scots: aefauld, aefald, aefaul (noun), ae-fald, ae-faul (adj)
Old Frisian: ēnfald
⇒ Saterland Frisian: eenfooldig, eenfooldich, eenfooltich, eenfoltig
⇒ West Frisian: ienfâldich
Old Saxon: ēnfald
Middle Low German: ênvālt, ênvōlt
German Low German: Eenfold (noun)
⇒ German Low German: eenfoldig
Old Dutch: *ēnfalt
Middle Dutch: eenvout
⇒ Middle Dutch: eenvoude (noun)
Dutch: eenvoud
⇒ Middle Dutch: einvoldeg, eenvuldich, eenvoudich
⇒ Dutch: eenvoudig
Old High German: einfalt
Middle High German: einvalt, einfalt
German: einfältig (Einfalt is a back-formation)

Old Norse: einfaldr

Icelandic: einfaldur

Faroese: einfaldur

Old Swedish: ēnfalder

Swedish: enfaldig

Danish: enfoldig

Gutnish: ainfaldur, ainfalduar

Gothic: 𐌰𐌹𐌽𐍆𐌰𐌻𐌸𐍃 (ainfalþs)

/ˈɑi̯.nɑ.ˌɸɑl.θɑz/

From *ainaz + *-falþaz. Compare Latin simplex (“folded once”).


hairaz

*hairaz (a-stem)

hairaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
hairai (masculine nominative plural strong)
hairō (feminine nominative singular strong)
hairôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
hairą (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
hairō (neuter nominative plural strong)
hairanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
hairanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
hairǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
hairōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
hairą (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
hairō (accusative neuter plural strong)
hairas (genitive masculine singular strong)
-is (genitive masculine singular strong)
hairaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
hairaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
hairaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
hairas (genitive neuter singular strong)
-is (genitive neuter singular strong)
hairaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
hairammai (dative masculine singular strong)
hairaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
hairaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
hairaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
hairammai (dative neuter singular strong)
hairaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
hairanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
hairaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
hairaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
hairaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
hairanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
hairaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
hairô (masculine nominative singular weak)
hairaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
hairǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
hairōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
hairô (neuter nominative singular weak)
hairōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
hairanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
hairanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
hairōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
hairōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
hairô (accusative neuter singular weak)
hairōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
hairiniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
hairanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
hairōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
hairōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
hairiniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
hairanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
hairini (dative masculine singular weak)
hairammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
hairōni (dative feminine singular weak)
hairōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
hairini (dative neuter singular weak)
hairammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
hairinē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
hairammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
hairōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
hairōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
hairinē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
hairammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

Proto-West Germanic: *hair
Old English: hār
Middle English: hor
English: hoar
Scots: hare, hair
Old Frisian: hār
Old Dutch: hēr
Middle Dutch: heer
⇒ Middle Dutch: herlic
Dutch: heerlijk
Old High German: hēr
Middle High German: hēr
German: hehr

Old Norse: hárr
Icelandic: hár
Danish: hǫr
→? Old French: haraz (see there for further descendants)

→ Old Galician-Portuguese: herru

From Proto-Indo-European *(s)ḱeh₃- (“grey, dark”). Cognate with Old Irish cīar (“dark”), probably Proto-Slavic *śěrъ (“gray”).

der

(figurative) aged; old; lofty; distinguished


swēraz

*swēraz (a-stem)

swēraz (masculine nominative singular strong)
swērai (masculine nominative plural strong)
swērō (feminine nominative singular strong)
swērôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
swērą (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
swērō (neuter nominative plural strong)
swēranǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
swēranz (accusative masculine plural strong)
swērǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
swērōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
swērą (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
swērō (accusative neuter plural strong)
swēras (genitive masculine singular strong)
-is (genitive masculine singular strong)
swēraizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
swēraizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
swēraizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
swēras (genitive neuter singular strong)
-is (genitive neuter singular strong)
swēraizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
swērammai (dative masculine singular strong)
swēraimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
swēraizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
swēraimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
swērammai (dative neuter singular strong)
swēraimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
swēranō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
swēraimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
swēraizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
swēraimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
swēranō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
swēraimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
swērô (masculine nominative singular weak)
swēraniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
swērǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
swērōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
swērô (neuter nominative singular weak)
swērōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
swēranų (accusative masculine singular weak)
swēranunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
swērōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
swērōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
swērô (accusative neuter singular weak)
swērōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
swēriniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
swēranǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
swērōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
swērōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
swēriniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
swēranǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
swērini (dative masculine singular weak)
swērammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
swērōni (dative feminine singular weak)
swērōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
swērini (dative neuter singular weak)
swērammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
swērinē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
swērammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
swērōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
swērōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
swērinē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
swērammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *swār
Old English: swǣr
Middle English: swere, swær, swar, sware, swer, suere
English: sweer, swear, sweir, swere
Scots: sweir, sweer, swere
Old Frisian: swēr, swēre
North Frisian: swier
Saterland Frisian: sweer
West Frisian: swier
Old Saxon: swār, swāri
Middle Low German: swâr
German Low German: swar, swaar, swor; swer
→ Danish: svar
Old Dutch: *swār
Middle Dutch: swâer
Dutch: zwaar
Afrikaans: swaar
Berbice Creole Dutch: swari
Negerhollands: swaar, swar
Limburgish: zwaor
Zealandic: zwaer
Old High German: swār
Middle High German: swær, swǣre, swār, swēre, swēr
Alemannic German:
Swabian: schwär
Bavarian: schwar
German: schwer
Luxembourgish: schwéier
Vilamovian: świer
Yiddish: שווער (shver)

Old Norse: svárr

Icelandic: svár, sver (probably influenced by German schwer)

Faroese: svárur

Old Swedish: svār

Swedish: svår

Danish: svær (probably influenced by German schwer)

Norwegian: svær (probably influenced by German schwer)

Gothic: 𐍃𐍅𐌴𐍂𐍃 (swērs)

Vṛddhi gerundive of an otherwise unattested strong verb *sweraną, from Proto-Indo-European *swer- (“heavy”). Cognate with Lithuanian sver̃ti (“to weigh, balance”), Latvian svars (“weight”).


leubaz

*leubaz (a-stem)

leubaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
leubai (masculine nominative plural strong)
leubō (feminine nominative singular strong)
leubôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
leubą (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
leubō (neuter nominative plural strong)
leubanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
leubanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
leubǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
leubōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
leubą (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
leubō (accusative neuter plural strong)
leubas (genitive masculine singular strong)
-is (genitive masculine singular strong)
leubaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
leubaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
leubaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
leubas (genitive neuter singular strong)
-is (genitive neuter singular strong)
leubaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
leubammai (dative masculine singular strong)
leubaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
leubaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
leubaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
leubammai (dative neuter singular strong)
leubaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
leubanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
leubaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
leubaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
leubaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
leubanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
leubaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
leubô (masculine nominative singular weak)
leubaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
leubǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
leubōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
leubô (neuter nominative singular weak)
leubōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
leubanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
leubanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
leubōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
leubōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
leubô (accusative neuter singular weak)
leubōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
leubiniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
leubanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
leubōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
leubōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
leubiniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
leubanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
leubini (dative masculine singular weak)
leubammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
leubōni (dative feminine singular weak)
leubōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
leubini (dative neuter singular weak)
leubammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
leubinē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
leubammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
leubōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
leubōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
leubinē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
leubammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *leub
Old English: lēof, leaf, līof
Middle English: lef, leve, lefe, leffe, life, live, luf (Southern or West Midlands)
English: lief; ⇒ livelong
Scots: lief, lee
⇒ Yola: liveer
Old Frisian: liāf, liēf
Saterland Frisian: ljoof, ljo
West Frisian: leaf
Old Saxon: liof
Middle Low German: lief, lêf
German Low German: leev, leiw
Plautdietsch: leef
Old Dutch: *liof
Middle Dutch: lief
Dutch: lief
Limburgish: leef
Old High German: liob, liub, liup; *liof, lief (northern)
Middle High German: liep; lief (north-western)
Alemannic German: lieb
Bavarian: liab
Central Franconian: leev, liev
East Central German: lieb
German: lieb
Luxembourgish: léif
Yiddish: ליב (lib)

Proto-Norse: ᛚᛖᚢᛒᚨᛉ (leubaʀ)
Old Norse: ljúfr
Icelandic: ljúfur
Faroese: ljúvur
Norwegian Nynorsk: ljuv
Old Swedish: liūver, liufwer
Swedish: ljuv, ljuf (pre-1906 spelling)
Old Danish: ljuv

Gothic: 𐌻𐌹𐌿𐍆𐍃 (liufs)

From Proto-Indo-European *lewbʰos (“beloved”).


smartaz

*smartaz (a-stem)

smartaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
smartai (masculine nominative plural strong)
smartō (feminine nominative singular strong)
smartôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
smartą (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
smartō (neuter nominative plural strong)
smartanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
smartanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
smartǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
smartōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
smartą (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
smartō (accusative neuter plural strong)
smartas (genitive masculine singular strong)
-is (genitive masculine singular strong)
smartaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
smartaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
smartaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
smartas (genitive neuter singular strong)
-is (genitive neuter singular strong)
smartaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
smartammai (dative masculine singular strong)
smartaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
smartaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
smartaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
smartammai (dative neuter singular strong)
smartaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
smartanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
smartaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
smartaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
smartaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
smartanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
smartaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
smartô (masculine nominative singular weak)
smartaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
smartǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
smartōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
smartô (neuter nominative singular weak)
smartōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
smartanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
smartanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
smartōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
smartōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
smartô (accusative neuter singular weak)
smartōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
smartiniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
smartanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
smartōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
smartōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
smartiniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
smartanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
smartini (dative masculine singular weak)
smartammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
smartōni (dative feminine singular weak)
smartōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
smartini (dative neuter singular weak)
smartammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
smartinē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
smartammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
smartōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
smartōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
smartinē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
smartammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

Old English: smeart
Middle English: smert, smart, smarte, smært, smeart, smerte
English: smart (see there for further descendants)
Scots: smert

Old Frisian: smert


swihaniskaz

*swihaniskaz (a-stem)

swihaniskaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
swihaniskai (masculine nominative plural strong)
swihaniskō (feminine nominative singular strong)
swihaniskôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
swihaniską (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
swihaniskō (neuter nominative plural strong)
swihaniskanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
swihaniskanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
swihaniskǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
swihaniskōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
swihaniską (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
swihaniskō (accusative neuter plural strong)
swihaniskas (genitive masculine singular strong)
-is (genitive masculine singular strong)
swihaniskaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
swihaniskaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
swihaniskaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
swihaniskas (genitive neuter singular strong)
-is (genitive neuter singular strong)
swihaniskaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
swihaniskammai (dative masculine singular strong)
swihaniskaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
swihaniskaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
swihaniskaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
swihaniskammai (dative neuter singular strong)
swihaniskaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
swihaniskanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
swihaniskaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
swihaniskaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
swihaniskaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
swihaniskanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
swihaniskaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
swihaniskô (masculine nominative singular weak)
swihaniskaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
swihaniskǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
swihaniskōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
swihaniskô (neuter nominative singular weak)
swihaniskōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
swihaniskanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
swihaniskanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
swihaniskōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
swihaniskōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
swihaniskô (accusative neuter singular weak)
swihaniskōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
swihaniskiniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
swihaniskanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
swihaniskōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
swihaniskōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
swihaniskiniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
swihaniskanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
swihaniskini (dative masculine singular weak)
swihaniskammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
swihaniskōni (dative feminine singular weak)
swihaniskōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
swihaniskini (dative neuter singular weak)
swihaniskammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
swihaniskinē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
swihaniskammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
swihaniskōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
swihaniskōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
swihaniskinē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
swihaniskammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

Old Norse: svenskr, svænskr, sǿnskr
Icelandic: svenskur, sænskur (< sǿnskr)
Faroese: svenskur
Norwegian Nynorsk: svensk
Old Swedish: svensker, svænsker
Swedish: svensk
Danish: svensk
Norwegian Bokmål: svensk


mērijaz

mērijaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
mērijai (masculine nominative plural strong)
mērijō (feminine nominative singular strong)
mērijôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
mēriją (neuter nominative singular strong)
-at (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
mērijō (neuter nominative plural strong)
mērijanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
mērijanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
mērijǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
mērijōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
mēriją (accusative neuter singular strong)
-at (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
mērijō (accusative neuter plural strong)
mērijas (genitive masculine singular strong)
mērīs (genitive masculine singular strong)
mērijaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
mērijaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
mērijaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
mērijas (genitive neuter singular strong)
mērīs (genitive neuter singular strong)
mērijaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
mērijammai (dative masculine singular strong)
mērijaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
mērijaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
mērijaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
mērijammai (dative neuter singular strong)
mērijaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
mērijanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
mērijaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
mērijaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
mērijaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
mērijanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
mērijaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
mērijô (masculine nominative singular weak)
mērijaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
mērijǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
mērijōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
mērijô (neuter nominative singular weak)
mērijōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
mērijanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
mērijanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
mērijōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
mērijōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
mērijô (accusative neuter singular weak)
mērijōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
mērīniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
mērijanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
mērijōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
mērijōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
mērīniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
mērijanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
mērīni (dative masculine singular weak)
mērijammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
mērijōni (dative feminine singular weak)
mērijōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
mērīni (dative neuter singular weak)
mērijammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
mērīnē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
mērijammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
mērijōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
mērijōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
mērīnē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
mērijammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

Proto-West Germanic: *mārī
Old English: mǣre
Middle English: mere
English: mere (partially)
Old Frisian: mēre
Old Saxon: māri
Old Dutch: māri
Middle Dutch: mâre
Old High German: māri
Middle High German: mære
Alemannic German: määr

Proto-Norse: *ᛗᚨᚱᛁᛉ (*mariʀ /mārīz/)
Old Norse: mærr
Icelandic: mær
Old Swedish: mǣr

Gothic: *𐌼𐌴𐍂𐌴𐌹𐍃 (*mēreis) (in 𐍅𐌰𐌹𐌻𐌰𐌼𐌴𐍂𐌴𐌹𐍃 (wailamēreis))

Vandalic: *mēr, *mērV-

Vṛddhi gerundive of otherwise unattested strong verb *meraną, the original meaning being "shining". Cognate with Old Church Slavonic мѣръ (měrŭ), Old Irish már, mór.