derbaz

*derbaz (a-stem)

derbaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
derbai (masculine nominative plural strong)
derbō (feminine nominative singular strong)
derbôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
derbą (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
derbō (neuter nominative plural strong)
derbanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
derbanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
derbǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
derbōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
derbą (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
derbō (accusative neuter plural strong)
derbas (genitive masculine singular strong)
-is (genitive masculine singular strong)
derbaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
derbaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
derbaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
derbas (genitive neuter singular strong)
-is (genitive neuter singular strong)
derbaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
derbammai (dative masculine singular strong)
derbaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
derbaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
derbaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
derbammai (dative neuter singular strong)
derbaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
derbanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
derbaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
derbaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
derbaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
derbanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
derbaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
derbô (masculine nominative singular weak)
derbaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
derbǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
derbōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
derbô (neuter nominative singular weak)
derbōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
derbanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
derbanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
derbōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
derbōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
derbô (accusative neuter singular weak)
derbōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
derbiniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
derbanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
derbōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
derbōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
derbiniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
derbanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
derbini (dative masculine singular weak)
derbammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
derbōni (dative feminine singular weak)
derbōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
derbini (dative neuter singular weak)
derbammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
derbinē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
derbammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
derbōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
derbōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
derbinē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
derbammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

Old English: deorf, dearf, māndeorf
Middle English: derf
Scots: derf

Old Frisian: derve, derfe

Old Saxon: derbi

Middle Low German: derve

Old Norse: djarfr
Icelandic: djarfur
Faroese: djarvur
Norwegian Nynorsk: djerv, djarv
Old Swedish: diærver
Swedish: djärv
Danish: djærv
Norwegian Bokmål: djerv

Derived from *derbaną (“to work, labor”).


wrēkiz

wrēkiz (masculine nominative singular strong)
wrēkijai (masculine nominative plural strong)
wrēkī (feminine nominative singular strong)
wrēkijôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
wrēkį (neuter nominative singular strong)
-jatō (neuter nominative singular strong)
wrēkijō (neuter nominative plural strong)
wrēkijanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
wrēkijanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
wrēkijǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
wrēkijōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
wrēkį (accusative neuter singular strong)
-jatō (accusative neuter singular strong)
wrēkijō (accusative neuter plural strong)
wrēkijas (genitive masculine singular strong)
wrēkīs (genitive masculine singular strong)
wrēkijaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
wrēkijaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
wrēkijaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
wrēkijas (genitive neuter singular strong)
wrēkīs (genitive neuter singular strong)
wrēkijaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
wrēkijammai (dative masculine singular strong)
wrēkijaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
wrēkijaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
wrēkijaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
wrēkijammai (dative neuter singular strong)
wrēkijaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
wrēkijanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
wrēkijaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
wrēkijaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
wrēkijaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
wrēkijanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
wrēkijaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
wrēkijô (masculine nominative singular weak)
wrēkijaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
wrēkijǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
wrēkijōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
wrēkijô (neuter nominative singular weak)
wrēkijōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
wrēkijanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
wrēkijanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
wrēkijōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
wrēkijōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
wrēkijô (accusative neuter singular weak)
wrēkijōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
wrēkīniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
wrēkijanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
wrēkijōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
wrēkijōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
wrēkīniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
wrēkijanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
wrēkīni (dative masculine singular weak)
wrēkijammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
wrēkijōni (dative feminine singular weak)
wrēkijōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
wrēkīni (dative neuter singular weak)
wrēkijammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
wrēkīnē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
wrēkijammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
wrēkijōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
wrēkijōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
wrēkīnē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
wrēkijammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

Old Frisian: *wrēze, inwrēze

Old Norse: *vrækr, rækr

Icelandic: rækur

Vṛddhi gerundive of *wrekaną (“to pursue, drive out”).


erknaz

*erknaz (a-stem)

erknaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
erknai (masculine nominative plural strong)
erknō (feminine nominative singular strong)
erknôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
erkną (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
erknō (neuter nominative plural strong)
erknanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
erknanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
erknǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
erknōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
erkną (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
erknō (accusative neuter plural strong)
erknas (genitive masculine singular strong)
-is (genitive masculine singular strong)
erknaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
erknaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
erknaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
erknas (genitive neuter singular strong)
-is (genitive neuter singular strong)
erknaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
erknammai (dative masculine singular strong)
erknaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
erknaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
erknaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
erknammai (dative neuter singular strong)
erknaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
erknanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
erknaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
erknaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
erknaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
erknanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
erknaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
erknô (masculine nominative singular weak)
erknaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
erknǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
erknōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
erknô (neuter nominative singular weak)
erknōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
erknanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
erknanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
erknōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
erknōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
erknô (accusative neuter singular weak)
erknōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
erkniniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
erknanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
erknōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
erknōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
erkniniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
erknanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
erknini (dative masculine singular weak)
erknammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
erknōni (dative feminine singular weak)
erknōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
erknini (dative neuter singular weak)
erknammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
erkninē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
erknammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
erknōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
erknōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
erkninē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
erknammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *erkn
Old English: eorcnan
Old High German: erkan, erchan

Old Norse: *jarkn

desc

⇒ Old Norse: jartegn, tein, ᛁᛅᚱᛏᛁᚴᚾᚢᛘ (iartiknum)

Icelandic: jarteikn

Old Swedish: iärtekn, iärtighne

Swedish: järtecken

Danish: jærtegn

Gothic: 𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌺𐌽𐍃 (airkns)

Unlikely to be from Proto-Indo-European *h₂erǵ- (“white, shining”), which would give Proto-Germanic *ark-, but instead seems to represent a Proto-Indo-European *h₁erg- or *h₁erǵ-. Possibly cognate with Tocharian A yärk- (“to honor, venerate”), Tocharian B yarke (“honor, reverence”).


hrumaz

*hrumaz (a-stem)

hrumaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
hrumai (masculine nominative plural strong)
hrumō (feminine nominative singular strong)
hrumôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
hrumą (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
hrumō (neuter nominative plural strong)
hrumanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
hrumanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
hrumǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
hrumōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
hrumą (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
hrumō (accusative neuter plural strong)
hrumas (genitive masculine singular strong)
-is (genitive masculine singular strong)
hrumaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
hrumaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
hrumaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
hrumas (genitive neuter singular strong)
-is (genitive neuter singular strong)
hrumaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
hrumammai (dative masculine singular strong)
hrumaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
hrumaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
hrumaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
hrumammai (dative neuter singular strong)
hrumaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
hrumanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
hrumaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
hrumaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
hrumaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
hrumanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
hrumaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
hrumô (masculine nominative singular weak)
hrumaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
hrumǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
hrumōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
hrumô (neuter nominative singular weak)
hrumōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
hrumanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
hrumanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
hrumōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
hrumōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
hrumô (accusative neuter singular weak)
hrumōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
hruminiz (genitive masculine singular weak)
hrumanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
hrumōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
hrumōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
hruminiz (genitive neuter singular weak)
hrumanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
hrumini (dative masculine singular weak)
hrumammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
hrumōni (dative feminine singular weak)
hrumōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
hrumini (dative neuter singular weak)
hrumammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
hruminē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
hrumammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
hrumōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
hrumōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
hruminē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
hrumammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

Old Norse: hrumr

Icelandic: hrumur

Possibly from Proto-Indo-European *krew- (“to fall, collapse”) or ("to hit, break").


trindaz

*trindaz (a-stem)

trindaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
trindai (masculine nominative plural strong)
trindō (feminine nominative singular strong)
trindôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
trindą (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
trindō (neuter nominative plural strong)
trindanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
trindanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
trindǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
trindōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
trindą (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
trindō (accusative neuter plural strong)
trindas (genitive masculine singular strong)
-is (genitive masculine singular strong)
trindaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
trindaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
trindaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
trindas (genitive neuter singular strong)
-is (genitive neuter singular strong)
trindaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
trindammai (dative masculine singular strong)
trindaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
trindaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
trindaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
trindammai (dative neuter singular strong)
trindaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
trindanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
trindaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
trindaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
trindaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
trindanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
trindaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
trindô (masculine nominative singular weak)
trindaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
trindǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
trindōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
trindô (neuter nominative singular weak)
trindōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
trindanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
trindanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
trindōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
trindōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
trindô (accusative neuter singular weak)
trindōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
trindiniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
trindanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
trindōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
trindōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
trindiniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
trindanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
trindini (dative masculine singular weak)
trindammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
trindōni (dative feminine singular weak)
trindōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
trindini (dative neuter singular weak)
trindammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
trindinē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
trindammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
trindōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
trindōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
trindinē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
trindammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

Old Frisian: trind

Old Dutch:

Limburgish: trindj

Old Saxon:

Middle Low German: trint

Unclear. Possibly connected to Proto-Indo-European *drem- (“to tread, run”).


trumaz

*trumaz (a-stem)

trumaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
trumai (masculine nominative plural strong)
trumō (feminine nominative singular strong)
trumôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
trumą (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
trumō (neuter nominative plural strong)
trumanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
trumanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
trumǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
trumōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
trumą (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
trumō (accusative neuter plural strong)
trumas (genitive masculine singular strong)
-is (genitive masculine singular strong)
trumaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
trumaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
trumaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
trumas (genitive neuter singular strong)
-is (genitive neuter singular strong)
trumaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
trumammai (dative masculine singular strong)
trumaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
trumaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
trumaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
trumammai (dative neuter singular strong)
trumaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
trumanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
trumaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
trumaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
trumaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
trumanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
trumaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
trumô (masculine nominative singular weak)
trumaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
trumǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
trumōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
trumô (neuter nominative singular weak)
trumōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
trumanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
trumanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
trumōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
trumōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
trumô (accusative neuter singular weak)
trumōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
truminiz (genitive masculine singular weak)
trumanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
trumōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
trumōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
truminiz (genitive neuter singular weak)
trumanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
trumini (dative masculine singular weak)
trumammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
trumōni (dative feminine singular weak)
trumōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
trumini (dative neuter singular weak)
trumammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
truminē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
trumammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
trumōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
trumōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
truminē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
trumammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

Proto-West Germanic: *trum

Old English: trum

Middle English: trum (in compounds: mistrum; untrum)

Scots: trim

English: trim

Related to or derived from the above. For the semantic development, compare Proto-Germanic *trewą and *triwwiz.


mētiz

mētiz (masculine nominative singular strong)
mētijai (masculine nominative plural strong)
mētī (feminine nominative singular strong)
mētijôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
mētį (neuter nominative singular strong)
-jatō (neuter nominative singular strong)
mētijō (neuter nominative plural strong)
mētijanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
mētijanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
mētijǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
mētijōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
mētį (accusative neuter singular strong)
-jatō (accusative neuter singular strong)
mētijō (accusative neuter plural strong)
mētijas (genitive masculine singular strong)
mētīs (genitive masculine singular strong)
mētijaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
mētijaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
mētijaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
mētijas (genitive neuter singular strong)
mētīs (genitive neuter singular strong)
mētijaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
mētijammai (dative masculine singular strong)
mētijaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
mētijaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
mētijaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
mētijammai (dative neuter singular strong)
mētijaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
mētijanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
mētijaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
mētijaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
mētijaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
mētijanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
mētijaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
mētijô (masculine nominative singular weak)
mētijaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
mētijǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
mētijōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
mētijô (neuter nominative singular weak)
mētijōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
mētijanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
mētijanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
mētijōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
mētijōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
mētijô (accusative neuter singular weak)
mētijōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
mētīniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
mētijanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
mētijōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
mētijōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
mētīniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
mētijanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
mētīni (dative masculine singular weak)
mētijammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
mētijōni (dative feminine singular weak)
mētijōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
mētīni (dative neuter singular weak)
mētijammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
mētīnē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
mētijammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
mētijōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
mētijōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
mētīnē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
mētijammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *mātī
Old English: mǣte
Middle English: mete, meete
Old Frisian: *mēte, met
Old Saxon: *māti
Middle Low German: mâte
Old Dutch: *māti
Middle Dutch: mate
Old High German: māzi
Middle High German: mæze

Old Norse: mætr
Icelandic: mætur
Faroese: mætur
Norwegian Nynorsk: mæt
Norwegian Bokmål: mæt

Vṛddhi gerundive of *metaną (“to measure”).


unhtaz

*unhtaz (a-stem)

unhtaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
unhtai (masculine nominative plural strong)
unhtō (feminine nominative singular strong)
unhtôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
unhtą (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
unhtō (neuter nominative plural strong)
unhtanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
unhtanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
unhtǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
unhtōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
unhtą (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
unhtō (accusative neuter plural strong)
unhtas (genitive masculine singular strong)
-is (genitive masculine singular strong)
unhtaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
unhtaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
unhtaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
unhtas (genitive neuter singular strong)
-is (genitive neuter singular strong)
unhtaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
unhtammai (dative masculine singular strong)
unhtaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
unhtaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
unhtaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
unhtammai (dative neuter singular strong)
unhtaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
unhtanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
unhtaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
unhtaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
unhtaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
unhtanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
unhtaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
unhtô (masculine nominative singular weak)
unhtaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
unhtǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
unhtōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
unhtô (neuter nominative singular weak)
unhtōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
unhtanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
unhtanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
unhtōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
unhtōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
unhtô (accusative neuter singular weak)
unhtōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
unhtiniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
unhtanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
unhtōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
unhtōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
unhtiniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
unhtanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
unhtini (dative masculine singular weak)
unhtammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
unhtōni (dative feminine singular weak)
unhtōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
unhtini (dative neuter singular weak)
unhtammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
unhtinē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
unhtammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
unhtōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
unhtōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
unhtinē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
unhtammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

Gothic: *𐌿𐌷𐍄𐍃 (*ūhts) (in 𐌱𐌹𐌿𐌷𐍄𐍃 (biūhts), 𐌿𐌷𐍄𐌴𐌹𐌲𐍃 (ūhteigs))

Old participle to a nasal present, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ewk-. Compare Lithuanian jùnkti.


staraz

*staraz (a-stem)

staraz (masculine nominative singular strong)
starai (masculine nominative plural strong)
starō (feminine nominative singular strong)
starôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
starą (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
starō (neuter nominative plural strong)
staranǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
staranz (accusative masculine plural strong)
starǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
starōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
starą (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
starō (accusative neuter plural strong)
staras (genitive masculine singular strong)
-is (genitive masculine singular strong)
staraizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
staraizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
staraizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
staras (genitive neuter singular strong)
-is (genitive neuter singular strong)
staraizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
starammai (dative masculine singular strong)
staraimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
staraizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
staraimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
starammai (dative neuter singular strong)
staraimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
staranō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
staraimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
staraizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
staraimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
staranō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
staraimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
starô (masculine nominative singular weak)
staraniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
starǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
starōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
starô (neuter nominative singular weak)
starōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
staranų (accusative masculine singular weak)
staranunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
starōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
starōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
starô (accusative neuter singular weak)
starōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
stariniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
staranǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
starōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
starōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
stariniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
staranǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
starini (dative masculine singular weak)
starammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
starōni (dative feminine singular weak)
starōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
starini (dative neuter singular weak)
starammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
starinē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
starammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
starōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
starōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
starinē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
starammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *star
Old Saxon: *star
Middle Low German: star
Old Dutch: *star
Middle Dutch: *star
Dutch: star
Old High German: *star
Middle High German: star
German: starr

Old Norse: starr

From Pre-Germanic *storh₁-os, from Proto-Indo-European *sterh₁- (“to be stiff”). Along with Proto-Germanic *sturrāną, points to an unattested strong verb *steraną.


skōdiz

skōdiz (masculine nominative singular strong)
skōdijai (masculine nominative plural strong)
skōdī (feminine nominative singular strong)
skōdijôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
skōdį (neuter nominative singular strong)
-jatō (neuter nominative singular strong)
skōdijō (neuter nominative plural strong)
skōdijanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
skōdijanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
skōdijǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
skōdijōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
skōdį (accusative neuter singular strong)
-jatō (accusative neuter singular strong)
skōdijō (accusative neuter plural strong)
skōdijas (genitive masculine singular strong)
skōdīs (genitive masculine singular strong)
skōdijaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
skōdijaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
skōdijaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
skōdijas (genitive neuter singular strong)
skōdīs (genitive neuter singular strong)
skōdijaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
skōdijammai (dative masculine singular strong)
skōdijaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
skōdijaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
skōdijaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
skōdijammai (dative neuter singular strong)
skōdijaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
skōdijanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
skōdijaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
skōdijaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
skōdijaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
skōdijanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
skōdijaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
skōdijô (masculine nominative singular weak)
skōdijaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
skōdijǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
skōdijōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
skōdijô (neuter nominative singular weak)
skōdijōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
skōdijanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
skōdijanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
skōdijōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
skōdijōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
skōdijô (accusative neuter singular weak)
skōdijōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
skōdīniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
skōdijanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
skōdijōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
skōdijōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
skōdīniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
skōdijanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
skōdīni (dative masculine singular weak)
skōdijammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
skōdijōni (dative feminine singular weak)
skōdijōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
skōdīni (dative neuter singular weak)
skōdijammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
skōdīnē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
skōdijammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
skōdijōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
skōdijōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
skōdīnē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
skōdijammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

Old Norse: skœðr

Vṛddhi gerundive of *skaþjaną (“to mar, injure”).


sēwiz

sēwiz (masculine nominative singular strong)
sēwijai (masculine nominative plural strong)
sēwī (feminine nominative singular strong)
sēwijôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
sēwį (neuter nominative singular strong)
-jatō (neuter nominative singular strong)
sēwijō (neuter nominative plural strong)
sēwijanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
sēwijanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
sēwijǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
sēwijōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
sēwį (accusative neuter singular strong)
-jatō (accusative neuter singular strong)
sēwijō (accusative neuter plural strong)
sēwijas (genitive masculine singular strong)
sēwīs (genitive masculine singular strong)
sēwijaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
sēwijaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
sēwijaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
sēwijas (genitive neuter singular strong)
sēwīs (genitive neuter singular strong)
sēwijaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
sēwijammai (dative masculine singular strong)
sēwijaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
sēwijaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
sēwijaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
sēwijammai (dative neuter singular strong)
sēwijaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
sēwijanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
sēwijaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
sēwijaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
sēwijaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
sēwijanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
sēwijaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
sēwijô (masculine nominative singular weak)
sēwijaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
sēwijǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
sēwijōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
sēwijô (neuter nominative singular weak)
sēwijōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
sēwijanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
sēwijanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
sēwijōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
sēwijōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
sēwijô (accusative neuter singular weak)
sēwijōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
sēwīniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
sēwijanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
sēwijōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
sēwijōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
sēwīniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
sēwijanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
sēwīni (dative masculine singular weak)
sēwijammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
sēwijōni (dative feminine singular weak)
sēwijōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
sēwīni (dative neuter singular weak)
sēwijammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
sēwīnē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
sēwijammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
sēwijōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
sēwijōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
sēwīnē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
sēwijammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

Old Norse: *sær, -sær

Icelandic: sær, -sær

Vṛddhi gerundive of *sehwaną (“to see”).

(North Germanic) seeing, able to be seen, visible


spēdiz

spēdiz (masculine nominative singular strong)
spēdijai (masculine nominative plural strong)
spēdī (feminine nominative singular strong)
spēdijôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
spēdį (neuter nominative singular strong)
-jatō (neuter nominative singular strong)
spēdijō (neuter nominative plural strong)
spēdijanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
spēdijanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
spēdijǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
spēdijōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
spēdį (accusative neuter singular strong)
-jatō (accusative neuter singular strong)
spēdijō (accusative neuter plural strong)
spēdijas (genitive masculine singular strong)
spēdīs (genitive masculine singular strong)
spēdijaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
spēdijaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
spēdijaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
spēdijas (genitive neuter singular strong)
spēdīs (genitive neuter singular strong)
spēdijaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
spēdijammai (dative masculine singular strong)
spēdijaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
spēdijaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
spēdijaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
spēdijammai (dative neuter singular strong)
spēdijaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
spēdijanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
spēdijaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
spēdijaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
spēdijaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
spēdijanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
spēdijaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
spēdijô (masculine nominative singular weak)
spēdijaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
spēdijǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
spēdijōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
spēdijô (neuter nominative singular weak)
spēdijōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
spēdijanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
spēdijanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
spēdijōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
spēdijōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
spēdijô (accusative neuter singular weak)
spēdijōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
spēdīniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
spēdijanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
spēdijōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
spēdijōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
spēdīniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
spēdijanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
spēdīni (dative masculine singular weak)
spēdijammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
spēdijōni (dative feminine singular weak)
spēdijōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
spēdīni (dative neuter singular weak)
spēdijammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
spēdīnē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
spēdijammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
spēdijōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
spēdijōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
spēdīnē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
spēdijammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *spādī
Old Saxon: *spādi
Middle Low German: spāde
Low German: späd
Old Dutch: *spādi
Middle Dutch: spade, spaed
Dutch: spade, spa
Old High German: spāti
Middle High German: spǣte
Alemannic German: spaat
German: spät
Luxembourgish: spéit
Yiddish: שפּעט (shpet)

Gothic: *𐍃𐍀𐌴𐌸𐍃 (*spēþs)

From Proto-Indo-European *speh₁-tí-s, from *speh₁-.


irþīnaz

*irþīnaz (a-stem)

irþīnaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
irþīnai (masculine nominative plural strong)
irþīnō (feminine nominative singular strong)
irþīnôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
irþīną (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
irþīnō (neuter nominative plural strong)
irþīnanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
irþīnanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
irþīnǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
irþīnōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
irþīną (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
irþīnō (accusative neuter plural strong)
irþīnas (genitive masculine singular strong)
-is (genitive masculine singular strong)
irþīnaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
irþīnaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
irþīnaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
irþīnas (genitive neuter singular strong)
-is (genitive neuter singular strong)
irþīnaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
irþīnammai (dative masculine singular strong)
irþīnaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
irþīnaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
irþīnaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
irþīnammai (dative neuter singular strong)
irþīnaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
irþīnanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
irþīnaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
irþīnaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
irþīnaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
irþīnanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
irþīnaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
irþīnô (masculine nominative singular weak)
irþīnaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
irþīnǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
irþīnōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
irþīnô (neuter nominative singular weak)
irþīnōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
irþīnanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
irþīnanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
irþīnōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
irþīnōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
irþīnô (accusative neuter singular weak)
irþīnōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
irþīniniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
irþīnanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
irþīnōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
irþīnōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
irþīniniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
irþīnanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
irþīnini (dative masculine singular weak)
irþīnammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
irþīnōni (dative feminine singular weak)
irþīnōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
irþīnini (dative neuter singular weak)
irþīnammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
irþīninē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
irþīnammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
irþīnōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
irþīnōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
irþīninē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
irþīnammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

Proto-West Germanic: *irþīn
Old English: eorþen, *yrþen
Middle English: erthen, erthene, erthin, erthyn, erþen, erþene, urþen, eorðene (Early Middle English)
English: earthen
Scots: erthen
Old Frisian: *erthen, *irthen
West Frisian: ierden
Old Saxon: *irthīn
Middle Low German: erden, ērden
German Low German: eerden
Old Dutch: *irthīn
Middle Dutch: erdijn
Dutch: aarden (remodeled after aarde)
Old High German: irdīn, erdīn
Middle High German: irdīn, erdīn
German: irden, (obsolete) erden

Gothic: 𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌸𐌴𐌹𐌽𐍃 (airþeins)


turhtaz

*turhtaz (a-stem)

turhtaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
turhtai (masculine nominative plural strong)
turhtō (feminine nominative singular strong)
turhtôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
turhtą (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
turhtō (neuter nominative plural strong)
turhtanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
turhtanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
turhtǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
turhtōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
turhtą (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
turhtō (accusative neuter plural strong)
turhtas (genitive masculine singular strong)
-is (genitive masculine singular strong)
turhtaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
turhtaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
turhtaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
turhtas (genitive neuter singular strong)
-is (genitive neuter singular strong)
turhtaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
turhtammai (dative masculine singular strong)
turhtaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
turhtaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
turhtaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
turhtammai (dative neuter singular strong)
turhtaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
turhtanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
turhtaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
turhtaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
turhtaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
turhtanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
turhtaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
turhtô (masculine nominative singular weak)
turhtaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
turhtǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
turhtōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
turhtô (neuter nominative singular weak)
turhtōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
turhtanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
turhtanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
turhtōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
turhtōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
turhtô (accusative neuter singular weak)
turhtōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
turhtiniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
turhtanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
turhtōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
turhtōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
turhtiniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
turhtanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
turhtini (dative masculine singular weak)
turhtammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
turhtōni (dative feminine singular weak)
turhtōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
turhtini (dative neuter singular weak)
turhtammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
turhtinē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
turhtammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
turhtōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
turhtōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
turhtinē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
turhtammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

Old English: torht

Middle English: torhte, tohte

Old Saxon: torht, toroht

Old High German: zorht, zoraht, zorft

From Pre-Germanic *dr̥ḱtos, originally a past participle from Proto-Indo-European *derḱ- (“to see”).


stainīnaz

*stainīnaz (a-stem)

stainīnaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
stainīnai (masculine nominative plural strong)
stainīnō (feminine nominative singular strong)
stainīnôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
stainīną (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
stainīnō (neuter nominative plural strong)
stainīnanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
stainīnanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
stainīnǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
stainīnōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
stainīną (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
stainīnō (accusative neuter plural strong)
stainīnas (genitive masculine singular strong)
-is (genitive masculine singular strong)
stainīnaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
stainīnaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
stainīnaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
stainīnas (genitive neuter singular strong)
-is (genitive neuter singular strong)
stainīnaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
stainīnammai (dative masculine singular strong)
stainīnaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
stainīnaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
stainīnaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
stainīnammai (dative neuter singular strong)
stainīnaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
stainīnanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
stainīnaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
stainīnaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
stainīnaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
stainīnanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
stainīnaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
stainīnô (masculine nominative singular weak)
stainīnaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
stainīnǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
stainīnōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
stainīnô (neuter nominative singular weak)
stainīnōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
stainīnanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
stainīnanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
stainīnōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
stainīnōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
stainīnô (accusative neuter singular weak)
stainīnōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
stainīniniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
stainīnanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
stainīnōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
stainīnōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
stainīniniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
stainīnanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
stainīnini (dative masculine singular weak)
stainīnammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
stainīnōni (dative feminine singular weak)
stainīnōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
stainīnini (dative neuter singular weak)
stainīnammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
stainīninē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
stainīnammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
stainīnōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
stainīnōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
stainīninē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
stainīnammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

Proto-West Germanic: *stainīn
Old English: stǣnen
Middle English: stenen, stonen
English: stonen
Old Frisian: stēnen
Old Saxon: *stēnin
Middle Low German: stênen
German Low German: stenen
Old Dutch: *stēnin
Middle Dutch: stênen
Dutch: stenen
Old High German: steinīn
Middle High German: steinīn
German: steinen (archaic)

Gothic: 𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌴𐌹𐌽𐍃 (staineins)


mōþuz

mōþuz (masculine nominative singular strong)
mōþijai (masculine nominative plural strong)
mōþī (feminine nominative singular strong)
mōþijôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
mōþų (neuter nominative singular strong)
-jatō (neuter nominative singular strong)
mōþijō (neuter nominative plural strong)
mōþijanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
mōþijanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
mōþijǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
mōþijōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
mōþų (accusative neuter singular strong)
-jatō (accusative neuter singular strong)
mōþijō (accusative neuter plural strong)
mōþijas (genitive masculine singular strong)
mōþīs (genitive masculine singular strong)
mōþijaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
mōþijaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
mōþijaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
mōþijas (genitive neuter singular strong)
mōþīs (genitive neuter singular strong)
mōþijaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
mōþijammai (dative masculine singular strong)
mōþijaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
mōþijaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
mōþijaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
mōþijammai (dative neuter singular strong)
mōþijaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
mōþijanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
mōþijaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
mōþijaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
mōþijaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
mōþijanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
mōþijaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
mōþijô (masculine nominative singular weak)
mōþijaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
mōþijǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
mōþijōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
mōþijô (neuter nominative singular weak)
mōþijōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
mōþijanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
mōþijanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
mōþijōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
mōþijōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
mōþijô (accusative neuter singular weak)
mōþijōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
mōþīniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
mōþijanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
mōþijōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
mōþijōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
mōþīniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
mōþijanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
mōþīni (dative masculine singular weak)
mōþijammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
mōþijōni (dative feminine singular weak)
mōþijōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
mōþīni (dative neuter singular weak)
mōþijammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
mōþīnē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
mōþijammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
mōþijōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
mōþijōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
mōþīnē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
mōþijammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

Proto-West Germanic: *mōþī
Old English: mēþe
Old Frisian: mōthe
Saterland Frisian: moud
Old Saxon: mōthi
Middle Low German: möde
German Low German: mööd, mööi
Old Dutch: muothi
Middle Dutch: moede
Dutch: moede, moe
Afrikaans: moeg
Limburgish: meug
Old High German: muodi
Middle High German: müede, muode
Alemannic German: müed
Bavarian: miad
Central Franconian: möd, mööch, med, mied
Hunsrik: mied
Luxembourgish: midd
German: müde, müd
Rhine Franconian: miid
Pennsylvania German: mied
Yiddish: מיד (mid)

Old Norse: móðr

Icelandic: móður

Faroese: móður

Norwegian: mo

Old Swedish: mōþer

Swedish: mod

Danish: mod

From Pre-Germanic *méh₃tus, tu-stem adjective to *mōjaną (“to tire”), from Proto-Indo-European *meh₃-.


arwaz

*arwaz (a-stem)

arwaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
arwai (masculine nominative plural strong)
arwō (feminine nominative singular strong)
arwôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
arwą (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
arwō (neuter nominative plural strong)
arwanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
arwanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
arwǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
arwōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
arwą (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
arwō (accusative neuter plural strong)
arwas (genitive masculine singular strong)
-is (genitive masculine singular strong)
arwaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
arwaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
arwaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
arwas (genitive neuter singular strong)
-is (genitive neuter singular strong)
arwaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
arwammai (dative masculine singular strong)
arwaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
arwaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
arwaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
arwammai (dative neuter singular strong)
arwaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
arwanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
arwaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
arwaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
arwaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
arwanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
arwaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
arwô (masculine nominative singular weak)
arwaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
arwǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
arwōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
arwô (neuter nominative singular weak)
arwōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
arwanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
arwanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
arwōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
arwōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
arwô (accusative neuter singular weak)
arwōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
arwiniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
arwanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
arwōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
arwōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
arwiniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
arwanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
arwini (dative masculine singular weak)
arwammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
arwōni (dative feminine singular weak)
arwōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
arwini (dative neuter singular weak)
arwammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
arwinē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
arwammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
arwōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
arwōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
arwinē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
arwammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

Old English: earu

Old Saxon: aru

Old Norse: ǫrr

Icelandic: ör

qualifier

Gothic: 𐌰𐍂𐍅𐌾𐍉 (arwjō) (related adverb, not a direct descendant)

From Pre-Germanic *Herwos, which could come from either Proto-Indo-European *h₂er- (“to order, arrange, fit”) or *h₃er- (“to set in motion”).


audanaz

*audanaz (a-stem)

audanaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
audanai (masculine nominative plural strong)
audanō (feminine nominative singular strong)
audanôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
audaną (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
audanō (neuter nominative plural strong)
audananǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
audananz (accusative masculine plural strong)
audanǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
audanōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
audaną (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
audanō (accusative neuter plural strong)
audanas (genitive masculine singular strong)
-is (genitive masculine singular strong)
audanaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
audanaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
audanaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
audanas (genitive neuter singular strong)
-is (genitive neuter singular strong)
audanaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
audanammai (dative masculine singular strong)
audanaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
audanaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
audanaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
audanammai (dative neuter singular strong)
audanaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
audananō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
audanaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
audanaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
audanaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
audananō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
audanaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
audanô (masculine nominative singular weak)
audananiz (masculine nominative plural weak)
audanǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
audanōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
audanô (neuter nominative singular weak)
audanōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
audananų (accusative masculine singular weak)
audananunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
audanōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
audanōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
audanô (accusative neuter singular weak)
audanōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
audaniniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
audananǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
audanōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
audanōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
audaniniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
audananǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
audanini (dative masculine singular weak)
audanammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
audanōni (dative feminine singular weak)
audanōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
audanini (dative neuter singular weak)
audanammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
audaninē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
audanammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
audanōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
audanōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
audaninē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
audanammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

Old English: ēaden

Old Saxon: ōdan

Old Norse: auðinn

Icelandic: auðið

Faroese: eyðin

Old Swedish: ø̄dhin

Swedish: öde (“fate”)

Past participle to a lost verb *audaną (“to grant”), probably related to Latin uber (“fruitfulness”) and thus *ūdarą.


haidraz

*haidraz (a-stem)

haidraz (masculine nominative singular strong)
haidrai (masculine nominative plural strong)
haidrō (feminine nominative singular strong)
haidrôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
haidrą (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
haidrō (neuter nominative plural strong)
haidranǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
haidranz (accusative masculine plural strong)
haidrǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
haidrōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
haidrą (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
haidrō (accusative neuter plural strong)
haidras (genitive masculine singular strong)
-is (genitive masculine singular strong)
haidraizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
haidraizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
haidraizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
haidras (genitive neuter singular strong)
-is (genitive neuter singular strong)
haidraizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
haidrammai (dative masculine singular strong)
haidraimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
haidraizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
haidraimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
haidrammai (dative neuter singular strong)
haidraimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
haidranō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
haidraimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
haidraizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
haidraimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
haidranō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
haidraimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
haidrô (masculine nominative singular weak)
haidraniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
haidrǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
haidrōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
haidrô (neuter nominative singular weak)
haidrōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
haidranų (accusative masculine singular weak)
haidranunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
haidrōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
haidrōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
haidrô (accusative neuter singular weak)
haidrōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
haidriniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
haidranǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
haidrōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
haidrōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
haidriniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
haidranǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
haidrini (dative masculine singular weak)
haidrammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
haidrōni (dative feminine singular weak)
haidrōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
haidrini (dative neuter singular weak)
haidrammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
haidrinē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
haidrammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
haidrōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
haidrōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
haidrinē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
haidrammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *haidr
Old English: hādor, hǣdor
Old Saxon: hēdar
Old Dutch: *hēder
⇒ Old Dutch: hēderhēd
Old High German: heitar
Middle High German: heiter
Cimbrian: hòotar
German: heiter

Old Norse: heiðr

Icelandic: heiður

Faroese: heiður

Probably from unattested *haiþaną + *-raz, equivalent to *koyt-ró-s, from Proto-Indo-European *keyt- (“to shine”). Compare the zero-grade form found in Sanskrit चित्र (citrá, “bright, variegated”).


erpaz

*erpaz (a-stem)

erpaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
erpai (masculine nominative plural strong)
erpō (feminine nominative singular strong)
erpôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
erpą (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
erpō (neuter nominative plural strong)
erpanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
erpanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
erpǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
erpōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
erpą (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
erpō (accusative neuter plural strong)
erpas (genitive masculine singular strong)
-is (genitive masculine singular strong)
erpaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
erpaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
erpaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
erpas (genitive neuter singular strong)
-is (genitive neuter singular strong)
erpaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
erpammai (dative masculine singular strong)
erpaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
erpaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
erpaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
erpammai (dative neuter singular strong)
erpaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
erpanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
erpaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
erpaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
erpaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
erpanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
erpaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
erpô (masculine nominative singular weak)
erpaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
erpǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
erpōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
erpô (neuter nominative singular weak)
erpōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
erpanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
erpanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
erpōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
erpōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
erpô (accusative neuter singular weak)
erpōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
erpiniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
erpanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
erpōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
erpōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
erpiniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
erpanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
erpini (dative masculine singular weak)
erpammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
erpōni (dative feminine singular weak)
erpōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
erpini (dative neuter singular weak)
erpammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
erpinē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
erpammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
erpōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
erpōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
erpinē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
erpammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

Old English: eorp, earp

Old Dutch: *erpa; no direct attestations, but found in the toponym: Erpapa

Middle Dutch: only indirect descendants, e.g., erpel, the toponym Erpe (<Old Dutch Erpapa) and the patronym Erpe (<Old Dutch *Erpo)

Dutch: only indirect descendants, e.g., erpel, raaphoen, Erps-Kwerps

Old High German: erpf

Old Norse: jarpr, definite jarpi m (“the brown one; the hazel grouse”)

Icelandic: jarpur

Faroese: jarpur

Swedish: järpe c (“hazel grouse”)

desc

Norwegian: jerpe m or f (“hazel grouse”)

→ Danish: hjerpe, jærpe c (“hazel grouse”)

From Pre-Germanic *erppaz, earlier *h₁erbʰnós, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁erbʰ-. Cognate with Ancient Greek ὀρφνός (orphnós, “dark brown”) (< o-grade *h₁orbʰnós).


drōbuz

drōbuz (masculine nominative singular strong)
drōbijai (masculine nominative plural strong)
drōbī (feminine nominative singular strong)
drōbijôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
drōbų (neuter nominative singular strong)
-jatō (neuter nominative singular strong)
drōbijō (neuter nominative plural strong)
drōbijanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
drōbijanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
drōbijǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
drōbijōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
drōbų (accusative neuter singular strong)
-jatō (accusative neuter singular strong)
drōbijō (accusative neuter plural strong)
drōbijas (genitive masculine singular strong)
drōbīs (genitive masculine singular strong)
drōbijaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
drōbijaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
drōbijaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
drōbijas (genitive neuter singular strong)
drōbīs (genitive neuter singular strong)
drōbijaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
drōbijammai (dative masculine singular strong)
drōbijaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
drōbijaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
drōbijaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
drōbijammai (dative neuter singular strong)
drōbijaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
drōbijanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
drōbijaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
drōbijaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
drōbijaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
drōbijanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
drōbijaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
drōbijô (masculine nominative singular weak)
drōbijaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
drōbijǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
drōbijōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
drōbijô (neuter nominative singular weak)
drōbijōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
drōbijanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
drōbijanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
drōbijōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
drōbijōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
drōbijô (accusative neuter singular weak)
drōbijōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
drōbīniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
drōbijanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
drōbijōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
drōbijōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
drōbīniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
drōbijanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
drōbīni (dative masculine singular weak)
drōbijammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
drōbijōni (dative feminine singular weak)
drōbijōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
drōbīni (dative neuter singular weak)
drōbijammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
drōbīnē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
drōbijammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
drōbijōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
drōbijōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
drōbīnē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
drōbijammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *drōbī
Old English: drōf, *drēfe
Middle English: drof, drove, dref
English: droff (dialectal)
Old Frisian: drēve
Old Saxon: drōbi
Middle Low German: drôve
Old Dutch: *druovi
Middle Dutch: droeve
Dutch: droef
Afrikaans: droef
Old High German: truobi
Middle High German: truobe, trüebe
German: trüb, trübe
→ English: trub

Swedish: drov (dialectal)


dreugaz

dreugaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
dreugai (masculine nominative plural strong)
dreugō (feminine nominative singular strong)
dreugôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
dreugą (neuter nominative singular strong)
-at (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
dreugō (neuter nominative plural strong)
dreuganǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
dreuganz (accusative masculine plural strong)
dreugǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
dreugōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
dreugą (accusative neuter singular strong)
-at (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
dreugō (accusative neuter plural strong)
dreugas (genitive masculine singular strong)
driugis (genitive masculine singular strong)
dreugaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
dreugaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
dreugaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
dreugas (genitive neuter singular strong)
driugis (genitive neuter singular strong)
dreugaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
dreugammai (dative masculine singular strong)
dreugaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
dreugaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
dreugaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
dreugammai (dative neuter singular strong)
dreugaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
dreuganō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
dreugaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
dreugaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
dreugaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
dreuganō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
dreugaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
dreugô (masculine nominative singular weak)
dreuganiz (masculine nominative plural weak)
dreugǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
dreugōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
dreugô (neuter nominative singular weak)
dreugōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
dreuganų (accusative masculine singular weak)
dreuganunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
dreugōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
dreugōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
dreugô (accusative neuter singular weak)
dreugōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
driuginiz (genitive masculine singular weak)
dreuganǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
dreugōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
dreugōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
driuginiz (genitive neuter singular weak)
dreuganǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
driugini (dative masculine singular weak)
dreugammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
dreugōni (dative feminine singular weak)
dreugōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
driugini (dative neuter singular weak)
dreugammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
driuginē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
dreugammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
dreugōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
dreugōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
driuginē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
dreugammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

Proto-West Germanic: *dreug
Old English: *drēog
Middle English: dregh, dreȝ, dryȝ
English: dree, dreigh
Scots: dreich
Old Frisian:
Saterland Frisian: dreg
West Frisian: dreech

Old Norse: drjúgr
Icelandic: drjúgur
Faroese: drjúgvur, drúgvur
Norwegian Nynorsk: dryg
Elfdalian: driuog
Old Swedish: drȳgher
Swedish: dryg
Scanian: dryğer
Old Danish: drȳgh, drø̄gh
Danish: drøj
Norwegian Bokmål: drøy
Gutnish: draugar, dravvur

Derived from *dreuganą (“to serve, be loyal”).


nibilaz

*nibilaz (a-stem)

nibilaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
nibilai (masculine nominative plural strong)
nibilō (feminine nominative singular strong)
nibilôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
nibilą (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
nibilō (neuter nominative plural strong)
nibilanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
nibilanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
nibilǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
nibilōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
nibilą (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
nibilō (accusative neuter plural strong)
nibilas (genitive masculine singular strong)
-is (genitive masculine singular strong)
nibilaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
nibilaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
nibilaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
nibilas (genitive neuter singular strong)
-is (genitive neuter singular strong)
nibilaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
nibilammai (dative masculine singular strong)
nibilaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
nibilaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
nibilaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
nibilammai (dative neuter singular strong)
nibilaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
nibilanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
nibilaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
nibilaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
nibilaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
nibilanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
nibilaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
nibilô (masculine nominative singular weak)
nibilaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
nibilǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
nibilōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
nibilô (neuter nominative singular weak)
nibilōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
nibilanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
nibilanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
nibilōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
nibilōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
nibilô (accusative neuter singular weak)
nibilōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
nibiliniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
nibilanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
nibilōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
nibilōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
nibiliniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
nibilanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
nibilini (dative masculine singular weak)
nibilammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
nibilōni (dative feminine singular weak)
nibilōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
nibilini (dative neuter singular weak)
nibilammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
nibilinē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
nibilammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
nibilōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
nibilōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
nibilinē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
nibilammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

Old English: nifol

Old Frisian: nevil

⇒ Old Frisian: neilthiuster

Old Norse: *nifl

Icelandic: nifl

→ Faroese: nivlungar

⇒ Old Norse: Niflheimr

→ English: Niflheim

Derived from or related to *nebulaz (“fog, darkness”).


aiwukiz

aiwukiz (masculine nominative singular strong)
aiwukijai (masculine nominative plural strong)
aiwukī (feminine nominative singular strong)
aiwukijôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
aiwukį (neuter nominative singular strong)
-jatō (neuter nominative singular strong)
aiwukijō (neuter nominative plural strong)
aiwukijanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
aiwukijanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
aiwukijǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
aiwukijōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
aiwukį (accusative neuter singular strong)
-jatō (accusative neuter singular strong)
aiwukijō (accusative neuter plural strong)
aiwukijas (genitive masculine singular strong)
aiwukīs (genitive masculine singular strong)
aiwukijaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
aiwukijaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
aiwukijaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
aiwukijas (genitive neuter singular strong)
aiwukīs (genitive neuter singular strong)
aiwukijaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
aiwukijammai (dative masculine singular strong)
aiwukijaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
aiwukijaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
aiwukijaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
aiwukijammai (dative neuter singular strong)
aiwukijaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
aiwukijanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
aiwukijaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
aiwukijaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
aiwukijaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
aiwukijanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
aiwukijaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
aiwukijô (masculine nominative singular weak)
aiwukijaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
aiwukijǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
aiwukijōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
aiwukijô (neuter nominative singular weak)
aiwukijōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
aiwukijanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
aiwukijanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
aiwukijōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
aiwukijōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
aiwukijô (accusative neuter singular weak)
aiwukijōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
aiwukīniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
aiwukijanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
aiwukijōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
aiwukijōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
aiwukīniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
aiwukijanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
aiwukīni (dative masculine singular weak)
aiwukijammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
aiwukijōni (dative feminine singular weak)
aiwukijōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
aiwukīni (dative neuter singular weak)
aiwukijammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
aiwukīnē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
aiwukijammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
aiwukijōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
aiwukijōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
aiwukīnē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
aiwukijammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

Proto-West Germanic: *ajukī
Old English: ǣċe, ēċe
Middle English: ece, eche
English: eche

Gothic: *𐌰𐌾𐌿𐌺𐍃 (*ajuks)

⇒ Gothic: 𐌰𐌾𐌿𐌺𐌳𐌿𐌸𐍃 (ajukdūþs)

A derivation from *aiwaz, *aiwō. The -k- suffix is uncertain, but Kroonen favors a comparison with Latin iūgis (“continual”) and Ancient Greek ὑγιής (hugiḗs, “healthy, sound, wholesome”) from Proto-Indo-European *h₂yew-gʷih₃- and *h₂yu-gʷih₃- respectively, to assume a reconstruction of Pre-Germanic *h₂oyu-gʷih₃- with an original meaning of "ever-living".


dōgaz

*dōgaz (a-stem)

dōgaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
dōgai (masculine nominative plural strong)
dōgō (feminine nominative singular strong)
dōgôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
dōgą (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
dōgō (neuter nominative plural strong)
dōganǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
dōganz (accusative masculine plural strong)
dōgǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
dōgōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
dōgą (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
dōgō (accusative neuter plural strong)
dōgas (genitive masculine singular strong)
-is (genitive masculine singular strong)
dōgaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
dōgaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
dōgaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
dōgas (genitive neuter singular strong)
-is (genitive neuter singular strong)
dōgaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
dōgammai (dative masculine singular strong)
dōgaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
dōgaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
dōgaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
dōgammai (dative neuter singular strong)
dōgaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
dōganō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
dōgaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
dōgaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
dōgaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
dōganō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
dōgaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
dōgô (masculine nominative singular weak)
dōganiz (masculine nominative plural weak)
dōgǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
dōgōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
dōgô (neuter nominative singular weak)
dōgōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
dōganų (accusative masculine singular weak)
dōganunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
dōgōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
dōgōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
dōgô (accusative neuter singular weak)
dōgōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
dōginiz (genitive masculine singular weak)
dōganǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
dōgōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
dōgōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
dōginiz (genitive neuter singular weak)
dōganǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
dōgini (dative masculine singular weak)
dōgammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
dōgōni (dative feminine singular weak)
dōgōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
dōgini (dative neuter singular weak)
dōgammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
dōginē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
dōgammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
dōgōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
dōgōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
dōginē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
dōgammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

Gothic: -𐌳𐍉𐌲𐍃 (-dōgs)

Vṛddhi gerundive of *dagāną (“to dawn; to become day”).

vrd

(East Germanic, in compounds, preceded by a number) indicating a duration of days


ganhuz

ganhuz (masculine nominative singular strong)
ganhwijai (masculine nominative plural strong)
ganhwī (feminine nominative singular strong)
ganhwijôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
ganhų (neuter nominative singular strong)
-jatō (neuter nominative singular strong)
ganhwijō (neuter nominative plural strong)
ganhwijanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
ganhwijanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
ganhwijǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
ganhwijōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
ganhų (accusative neuter singular strong)
-jatō (accusative neuter singular strong)
ganhwijō (accusative neuter plural strong)
ganhwijas (genitive masculine singular strong)
ganhwīs (genitive masculine singular strong)
ganhwijaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
ganhwijaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
ganhwijaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
ganhwijas (genitive neuter singular strong)
ganhwīs (genitive neuter singular strong)
ganhwijaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
ganhwijammai (dative masculine singular strong)
ganhwijaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
ganhwijaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
ganhwijaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
ganhwijammai (dative neuter singular strong)
ganhwijaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
ganhwijanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
ganhwijaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
ganhwijaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
ganhwijaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
ganhwijanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
ganhwijaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
ganhwijô (masculine nominative singular weak)
ganhwijaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
ganhwijǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
ganhwijōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
ganhwijô (neuter nominative singular weak)
ganhwijōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
ganhwijanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
ganhwijanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
ganhwijōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
ganhwijōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
ganhwijô (accusative neuter singular weak)
ganhwijōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
ganhwīniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
ganhwijanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
ganhwijōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
ganhwijōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
ganhwīniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
ganhwijanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
ganhwīni (dative masculine singular weak)
ganhwijammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
ganhwijōni (dative feminine singular weak)
ganhwijōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
ganhwīni (dative neuter singular weak)
ganhwijammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
ganhwīnē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
ganhwijammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
ganhwijōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
ganhwijōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
ganhwīnē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
ganhwijammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

Proto-West Germanic: *gą̄hī

Old Frisian: gā (in gālik)

North Frisian: gau

Saterland Frisian: gau

West Frisian: gau

Old Saxon: *gāh (in derivatives: gāhun, gāhlīko)

Middle Low German: gahens, gahes, gās

Low German: gau, gai

Old Dutch: gā

Middle Dutch: ga

Dutch: gauw

Afrikaans: gou

West Flemish: gow

Old High German: gāhi; gāhes (adverb) (presumably remodelled as a ja-stem)

Middle High German: gǣhe, gāch, gā; gǣhes, gāhes, gās

Bavarian: gach

German: jäh

Luxembourgish: géi

Yiddish: גיך (gikh), געך (gekh)

Gothic: *𐌲𐌰𐌷𐌴𐌹𐍃 (*gaheis)

→ Old Occitan: gai

→ Old French: gai

Middle French: gai

French: gai

→ Middle English: gay

English: gay

Possibly derived from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰengʰ- (“to stride, step”), but Kroonen rejects this derivation and treats the root as having no known etymology, also rejecting connections with Lithuanian guvus (“agile, quick”).


hanþaz

*hanþaz (a-stem)

hanþaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
hanþai (masculine nominative plural strong)
hanþō (feminine nominative singular strong)
hanþôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
hanþą (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
hanþō (neuter nominative plural strong)
hanþanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
hanþanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
hanþǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
hanþōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
hanþą (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
hanþō (accusative neuter plural strong)
hanþas (genitive masculine singular strong)
-is (genitive masculine singular strong)
hanþaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
hanþaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
hanþaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
hanþas (genitive neuter singular strong)
-is (genitive neuter singular strong)
hanþaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
hanþammai (dative masculine singular strong)
hanþaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
hanþaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
hanþaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
hanþammai (dative neuter singular strong)
hanþaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
hanþanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
hanþaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
hanþaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
hanþaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
hanþanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
hanþaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
hanþô (masculine nominative singular weak)
hanþaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
hanþǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
hanþōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
hanþô (neuter nominative singular weak)
hanþōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
hanþanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
hanþanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
hanþōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
hanþōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
hanþô (accusative neuter singular weak)
hanþōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
hanþiniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
hanþanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
hanþōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
hanþōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
hanþiniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
hanþanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
hanþini (dative masculine singular weak)
hanþammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
hanþōni (dative feminine singular weak)
hanþōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
hanþini (dative neuter singular weak)
hanþammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
hanþinē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
hanþammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
hanþōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
hanþōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
hanþinē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
hanþammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

Old Norse: *hannr, sjónhannr

From Pre-Germanic *ḱóntos, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱent- (“to stab”).


duskaz

*duskaz (a-stem)

duskaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
duskai (masculine nominative plural strong)
duskō (feminine nominative singular strong)
duskôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
duską (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
duskō (neuter nominative plural strong)
duskanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
duskanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
duskǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
duskōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
duską (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
duskō (accusative neuter plural strong)
duskas (genitive masculine singular strong)
-is (genitive masculine singular strong)
duskaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
duskaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
duskaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
duskas (genitive neuter singular strong)
-is (genitive neuter singular strong)
duskaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
duskammai (dative masculine singular strong)
duskaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
duskaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
duskaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
duskammai (dative neuter singular strong)
duskaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
duskanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
duskaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
duskaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
duskaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
duskanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
duskaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
duskô (masculine nominative singular weak)
duskaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
duskǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
duskōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
duskô (neuter nominative singular weak)
duskōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
duskanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
duskanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
duskōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
duskōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
duskô (accusative neuter singular weak)
duskōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
duskiniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
duskanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
duskōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
duskōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
duskiniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
duskanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
duskini (dative masculine singular weak)
duskammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
duskōni (dative feminine singular weak)
duskōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
duskini (dative neuter singular weak)
duskammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
duskinē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
duskammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
duskōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
duskōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
duskinē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
duskammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

Old English: dox

Middle English: dosk, dusk

English: dusk

From Pre-Germanic *dʰuskos, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰwes-. Cognate with Latin fuscus.


þwerhaz

*þwerhaz (a-stem)

þwerhaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
þwerhai (masculine nominative plural strong)
þwerhō (feminine nominative singular strong)
þwerhôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
þwerhą (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
þwerhō (neuter nominative plural strong)
þwerhanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
þwerhanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
þwerhǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
þwerhōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
þwerhą (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
þwerhō (accusative neuter plural strong)
þwerhas (genitive masculine singular strong)
-is (genitive masculine singular strong)
þwerhaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
þwerhaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
þwerhaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
þwerhas (genitive neuter singular strong)
-is (genitive neuter singular strong)
þwerhaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
þwerhammai (dative masculine singular strong)
þwerhaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
þwerhaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
þwerhaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
þwerhammai (dative neuter singular strong)
þwerhaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
þwerhanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
þwerhaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
þwerhaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
þwerhaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
þwerhanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
þwerhaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
þwerhô (masculine nominative singular weak)
þwerhaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
þwerhǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
þwerhōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
þwerhô (neuter nominative singular weak)
þwerhōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
þwerhanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
þwerhanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
þwerhōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
þwerhōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
þwerhô (accusative neuter singular weak)
þwerhōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
þwerhiniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
þwerhanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
þwerhōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
þwerhōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
þwerhiniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
þwerhanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
þwerhini (dative masculine singular weak)
þwerhammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
þwerhōni (dative feminine singular weak)
þwerhōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
þwerhini (dative neuter singular weak)
þwerhammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
þwerhinē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
þwerhammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
þwerhōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
þwerhōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
þwerhinē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
þwerhammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *þwerh
Old English: þweorh, þwerh
Middle English: thwīre, thwyre
Old Frisian: þweres (adverb)
West Frisian: twer
Old Saxon: thwerh, ðwerh
Middle Low German: dwer, dwers, queer
Low German: dweer, dwars, quars; (> verquars)
→ German: verquast
→ Middle English: dwere, dwire
→ Scots: queer
→ English: queer
→ German: queer, Queer
→ Russian: квир (kvir)
→ Swedish: queer
Old Dutch: *thwerh, *thwerhes
Middle Dutch: dwer, dwers, dwersch, dwāers
Dutch: dwars
Afrikaans: dwars
Old High German: dwerah
Middle High German: dwërch, twërch, twerhe, twer
Alemannic German: Twër
German: quer (Central German); zwerch (Upper German; still in Zwerchfell)
→ Swedish: kvär (dated)
→ Danish: kvær (dated)
→ Norwegian Bokmål: kvær (dated)
Luxembourgish: queesch
Vilamovian: twar

Old Norse: þverr

Icelandic: þver

Faroese: tvørur

Danish: tvær

Norwegian: tverr

Old Swedish: þvær, þvar

Swedish: tvär

⇒ Old Norse: þvert

Danish: tvært

→ Middle English: thwert

English: thwart

Gothic: 𐌸𐍅𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌷𐍃 (þwairhs)

Presumably from Proto-Indo-European *terkʷ- (“to turn”); compare Sanskrit तर्कु (tarku, “spindle”) and Latin torqueō (“to twist”). Kroonen assumes metathesis of Pre-Germanic *térkʷos to *twérkos.


medumô

gem-decl-adj-table

*medumô (an/īn-stem)

medumô (masculine nominative singular)
medumaniz (masculine nominative plural)
medumį̄ (feminine nominative singular)
medumīniz (feminine nominative plural)
medumô (neuter nominative singular)
medumōnō (neuter nominative plural)
medumanų (accusative masculine singular)
medumanunz (accusative masculine plural)
medumīnų (accusative feminine singular)
medumīnunz (accusative feminine plural)
medumô (accusative neuter singular)
medumōnō (accusative neuter plural)
meduminiz (genitive masculine singular)
medumanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural)
medumīniz (feminine genitive singular)
medumīnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural)
meduminiz (genitive neuter singular)
medumanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural)
medumini (dative masculine singular)
medumammaz (dative masculine plural)
medumīni (dative feminine singular)
medumīmaz (dative feminine plural)
medumini (dative neuter singular)
medumammaz (dative neuter plural)
meduminē (instrumental masculine singular)
medumammiz (instrumental masculine plural)
medumīnē (feminine instrumental singular)
medumīmiz (feminine instrumental plural)
meduminē (instrumental neuter singular)
medumammiz (instrumental neuter plural)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *medumō
Old English: medume
Middle English: medeme
⇒ English: midmost (from the superlative)
Old High German: metemo

From the root of *midjaz (“middle”) + *-umô. Compare Sanskrit मध्यम (madhyama, “middlemost”).


skardaz

*skardaz (a-stem)

skardaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
skardai (masculine nominative plural strong)
skardō (feminine nominative singular strong)
skardôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
skardą (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
skardō (neuter nominative plural strong)
skardanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
skardanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
skardǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
skardōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
skardą (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
skardō (accusative neuter plural strong)
skardas (genitive masculine singular strong)
-is (genitive masculine singular strong)
skardaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
skardaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
skardaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
skardas (genitive neuter singular strong)
-is (genitive neuter singular strong)
skardaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
skardammai (dative masculine singular strong)
skardaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
skardaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
skardaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
skardammai (dative neuter singular strong)
skardaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
skardanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
skardaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
skardaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
skardaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
skardanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
skardaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
skardô (masculine nominative singular weak)
skardaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
skardǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
skardōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
skardô (neuter nominative singular weak)
skardōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
skardanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
skardanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
skardōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
skardōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
skardô (accusative neuter singular weak)
skardōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
skardiniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
skardanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
skardōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
skardōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
skardiniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
skardanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
skardini (dative masculine singular weak)
skardammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
skardōni (dative feminine singular weak)
skardōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
skardini (dative neuter singular weak)
skardammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
skardinē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
skardammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
skardōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
skardōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
skardinē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
skardammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

Proto-West Germanic: *skard
Old English: sċeard
Middle English: scherd, scheard, scheord, scherde, schord, shard, sherd, sherde
English: shard, sherd
Scots: shaird
Yola: sheardhe, sheardh, shearde, sharde
Old Frisian: skerd, skerde
Old Saxon: skard
Middle Low German: schart
Old High German: *skart
Middle High German: schart, scharte
German: Scharte

Old Norse: skarðr

Icelandic: skarður

From Pre-Germanic *skordʰos, from Proto-Indo-European *skerdʰ-. Cognate with Old Irish scerdaid, Lithuanian sker̃sti (“to cut, slaughter”).