sauzaz

*sauzaz (a-stem)

sauzaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
sauzai (masculine nominative plural strong)
sauzō (feminine nominative singular strong)
sauzôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
sauzą (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
sauzō (neuter nominative plural strong)
sauzanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
sauzanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
sauzǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
sauzōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
sauzą (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
sauzō (accusative neuter plural strong)
sauzas (genitive masculine singular strong)
-is (genitive masculine singular strong)
sauzaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
sauzaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
sauzaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
sauzas (genitive neuter singular strong)
-is (genitive neuter singular strong)
sauzaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
sauzammai (dative masculine singular strong)
sauzaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
sauzaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
sauzaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
sauzammai (dative neuter singular strong)
sauzaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
sauzanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
sauzaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
sauzaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
sauzaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
sauzanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
sauzaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
sauzô (masculine nominative singular weak)
sauzaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
sauzǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
sauzōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
sauzô (neuter nominative singular weak)
sauzōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
sauzanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
sauzanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
sauzōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
sauzōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
sauzô (accusative neuter singular weak)
sauzōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
sauziniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
sauzanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
sauzōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
sauzōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
sauziniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
sauzanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
sauzini (dative masculine singular weak)
sauzammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
sauzōni (dative feminine singular weak)
sauzōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
sauzini (dative neuter singular weak)
sauzammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
sauzinē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
sauzammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
sauzōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
sauzōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
sauzinē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
sauzammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *sauʀ(ī)
Old English: sēar, sīere
Middle English: sere
English: sear, sere, sare
Old Saxon: *sōr
Middle Low German: sôr
German Low German: soor
Low German: soor
Old Dutch: *sōr
Middle Dutch: sôor
Dutch: zoor
Old High German: *sōr
Middle High German: sōr
German: sohr
→ Medieval Latin: saurus, sōrius
Old French: sor; sorrel, surrel
Middle French: saur; sorel
French: saur
→ Middle English: sorel
English: sorrel
Occitan: sor, saur
Italian: sauro
→⇒? Old Galician-Portuguese: souriço (see there for further descendants)

Old Norse: *saurr

>? Swedish: skör (with unexplained -k-; possibly an unrelated borrowing from Low German)

⇒ Old Norse: *sauri m; seyra f

Icelandic: seyra f

Norwegian: søyr m

From Proto-Indo-European *h₂sows- (“dry”). Cognate with Lithuanian sausas (“dry”), Russian сухо́й (suxój, “dry”).


haltaz

*haltaz (a-stem)

haltaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
haltai (masculine nominative plural strong)
haltō (feminine nominative singular strong)
haltôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
haltą (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
haltō (neuter nominative plural strong)
haltanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
haltanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
haltǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
haltōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
haltą (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
haltō (accusative neuter plural strong)
haltas (genitive masculine singular strong)
-is (genitive masculine singular strong)
haltaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
haltaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
haltaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
haltas (genitive neuter singular strong)
-is (genitive neuter singular strong)
haltaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
haltammai (dative masculine singular strong)
haltaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
haltaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
haltaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
haltammai (dative neuter singular strong)
haltaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
haltanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
haltaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
haltaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
haltaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
haltanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
haltaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
haltô (masculine nominative singular weak)
haltaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
haltǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
haltōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
haltô (neuter nominative singular weak)
haltōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
haltanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
haltanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
haltōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
haltōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
haltô (accusative neuter singular weak)
haltōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
haltiniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
haltanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
haltōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
haltōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
haltiniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
haltanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
haltini (dative masculine singular weak)
haltammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
haltōni (dative feminine singular weak)
haltōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
haltini (dative neuter singular weak)
haltammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
haltinē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
haltammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
haltōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
haltōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
haltinē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
haltammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

Proto-West Germanic: *halt
Old English: halt, healt
Middle English: halt
Scots: halt
English: halt
Old Frisian: halt
North Frisian: halt
Old Saxon: halt
Middle Low German: halt
Low German: halt
Old Dutch: *halt
Middle Dutch: hout, halt
Old High German: halz
Middle High German: halz

Old Norse: haltr

Icelandic: haltur

Faroese: haltur

Norwegian: halt

Old Swedish: halter

Swedish: halt

Danish: halt

Gothic: 𐌷𐌰𐌻𐍄𐍃 (halts)

→ Proto-Finnic: *haltta (see there for further descendants)

From Pre-Germanic *koldos, from Proto-Indo-European *kold-, extension of *kelh₂-. Related to Old Irish coll (“destruction”).


biliz

biliz (masculine nominative singular strong)
biljai (masculine nominative plural strong)
bilī (feminine nominative singular strong)
biljôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
bilį (neuter nominative singular strong)
-jatō (neuter nominative singular strong)
biljō (neuter nominative plural strong)
biljanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
biljanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
biljǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
biljōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
bilį (accusative neuter singular strong)
-jatō (accusative neuter singular strong)
biljō (accusative neuter plural strong)
biljas (genitive masculine singular strong)
bilis (genitive masculine singular strong)
biljaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
biljaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
biljaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
biljas (genitive neuter singular strong)
bilis (genitive neuter singular strong)
biljaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
biljammai (dative masculine singular strong)
biljaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
biljaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
biljaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
biljammai (dative neuter singular strong)
biljaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
biljanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
biljaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
biljaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
biljaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
biljanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
biljaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
biljô (masculine nominative singular weak)
biljaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
biljǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
biljōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
biljô (neuter nominative singular weak)
biljōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
biljanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
biljanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
biljōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
biljōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
biljô (accusative neuter singular weak)
biljōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
biliniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
biljanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
biljōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
biljōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
biliniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
biljanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
bilini (dative masculine singular weak)
biljammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
biljōni (dative feminine singular weak)
biljōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
bilini (dative neuter singular weak)
biljammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
bilinē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
biljammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
biljōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
biljōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
bilinē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
biljammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

Old English: bile-, bele (in compounds: bilewit, belewit; bilehwīt)

Middle English: bilewit, bilewhit

Old Frisian: *billīk

desc

Saterland Frisian: billich (“fair, equitable, just”)

West Frisian: billik, binlik

Old Saxon: bili (in compound: biliwit; unbilithunga); *billīk

Middle Low German: billik, billich, bilk

German Low German: billig

→ Saterland Frisian: billich (“at fair/decent price, inexpensive, cheap”)

→ Danish: billig

→ Swedish: billig

Old Dutch: *biliwit; *bili; *billīk

Middle Dutch: beelwitte, belewitte, beluwitte; billic, bilc, billijc

Dutch: beeldwit; billijk, billig

Afrikaans: billik

Old High German: bili (in compounds: *biliwiz); billūh, billīh

Middle High German: bilewiz, bilwiz, bilwīz; billich

Bavarian: büllich, büllig

German: billig

Yiddish: ביליק (bilik)

German: Bilwiz, Bilwis, Bilwiß, Bilweis (“a kind of demon; also a family name”)

Luxembourgish: bëlleg

From Proto-Indo-European *bʰil-i-s, from *bʰil- (“good, decent”). Cognate with Ancient Greek φίλος (phílos, “dear, beloved, lief”), Old Irish bil (“good, mild”).


balþaz

*balþaz (a-stem)

balþaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
balþai (masculine nominative plural strong)
balþō (feminine nominative singular strong)
balþôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
balþą (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
balþō (neuter nominative plural strong)
balþanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
balþanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
balþǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
balþōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
balþą (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
balþō (accusative neuter plural strong)
balþas (genitive masculine singular strong)
-is (genitive masculine singular strong)
balþaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
balþaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
balþaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
balþas (genitive neuter singular strong)
-is (genitive neuter singular strong)
balþaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
balþammai (dative masculine singular strong)
balþaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
balþaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
balþaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
balþammai (dative neuter singular strong)
balþaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
balþanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
balþaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
balþaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
balþaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
balþanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
balþaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
balþô (masculine nominative singular weak)
balþaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
balþǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
balþōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
balþô (neuter nominative singular weak)
balþōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
balþanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
balþanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
balþōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
balþōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
balþô (accusative neuter singular weak)
balþōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
balþiniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
balþanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
balþōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
balþōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
balþiniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
balþanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
balþini (dative masculine singular weak)
balþammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
balþōni (dative feminine singular weak)
balþōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
balþini (dative neuter singular weak)
balþammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
balþinē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
balþammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
balþōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
balþōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
balþinē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
balþammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *balþ
Old English: beald, bald
Middle English: bolde, bold, boold, bald, beald
English: bold, bawd
Scots: bald, bauld, baul, bawl, beld
Old Frisian: bald
⇒ Old Frisian: balde (adverb)
Saterland Frisian: boalde
Old Saxon: bald
Middle Low German: bald, bold, balt, bolt
German Low German: bold, boll
Old Dutch: bald
Middle Dutch: bout
Dutch: boud
Afrikaans: boud
Old High German: bald, pald
Middle High German: balt
German: (obsolete) bald
Bavarian: bald
⇒ Old High German: baldo (adverb)
Middle High German: balde, palde
Bavarian: båld, boid
German: bald
→ Old French: baud (see there for further descendants)

Proto-Norse:

Old Norse: ballr, baldr
Icelandic: ballur, baldur
Faroese: baldur
Old Swedish: balder
Swedish: båld
Old Danish: bold

Gothic: *𐌱𐌰𐌻𐌸𐍃 (*balþs)

⇒ Gothic: 𐌱𐌰𐌻𐌸𐌰𐌱𐌰 (balþaba)

From pre-Germanic *bʰóltos (“inflated, strong”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰel- (“to blow, swell, inflate”) + *-tos, the suffix equivalent to Proto-Germanic *-þaz.


hriwwijaz

*hriwwijaz (ja-stem)

hriwwijaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
hriwwijai (masculine nominative plural strong)
hriwwijō (feminine nominative singular strong)
hriwwijôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
hriwwiją (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
hriwwijō (neuter nominative plural strong)
hriwwijanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
hriwwijanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
hriwwijǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
hriwwijōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
hriwwiją (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
hriwwijō (accusative neuter plural strong)
hriwwijas (genitive masculine singular strong)
-īs (genitive masculine singular strong)
hriwwijaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
hriwwijaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
hriwwijaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
hriwwijas (genitive neuter singular strong)
-īs (genitive neuter singular strong)
hriwwijaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
hriwwijammai (dative masculine singular strong)
hriwwijaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
hriwwijaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
hriwwijaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
hriwwijammai (dative neuter singular strong)
hriwwijaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
hriwwijanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
hriwwijaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
hriwwijaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
hriwwijaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
hriwwijanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
hriwwijaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
hriwwijô (masculine nominative singular weak)
hriwwijaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
hriwwijǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
hriwwijōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
hriwwijô (neuter nominative singular weak)
hriwwijōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
hriwwijanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
hriwwijanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
hriwwijōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
hriwwijōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
hriwwijô (accusative neuter singular weak)
hriwwijōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
hriwwīniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
hriwwijanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
hriwwijōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
hriwwijōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
hriwwīniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
hriwwijanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
hriwwīni (dative masculine singular weak)
hriwwijammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
hriwwijōni (dative feminine singular weak)
hriwwijōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
hriwwīni (dative neuter singular weak)
hriwwijammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
hriwwīnē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
hriwwijammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
hriwwijōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
hriwwijōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
hriwwīnē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
hriwwijammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

Proto-West Germanic: *hriuwī

Old English: hrēowe, hrēow

Middle English: reou, reu

Old Saxon: hriuwi

Old Norse: hryggr

Icelandic: hryggur

From *hrewwaną (“to grieve, to feel sorrow; to cause regret, to rue”) + *-jaz.


strangaz

*strangaz (a-stem)

strangaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
strangai (masculine nominative plural strong)
strangō (feminine nominative singular strong)
strangôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
strangą (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
strangō (neuter nominative plural strong)
stranganǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
stranganz (accusative masculine plural strong)
strangǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
strangōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
strangą (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
strangō (accusative neuter plural strong)
strangas (genitive masculine singular strong)
-is (genitive masculine singular strong)
strangaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
strangaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
strangaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
strangas (genitive neuter singular strong)
-is (genitive neuter singular strong)
strangaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
strangammai (dative masculine singular strong)
strangaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
strangaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
strangaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
strangammai (dative neuter singular strong)
strangaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
stranganō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
strangaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
strangaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
strangaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
stranganō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
strangaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
strangô (masculine nominative singular weak)
stranganiz (masculine nominative plural weak)
strangǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
strangōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
strangô (neuter nominative singular weak)
strangōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
stranganų (accusative masculine singular weak)
stranganunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
strangōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
strangōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
strangô (accusative neuter singular weak)
strangōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
stranginiz (genitive masculine singular weak)
stranganǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
strangōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
strangōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
stranginiz (genitive neuter singular weak)
stranganǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
strangini (dative masculine singular weak)
strangammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
strangōni (dative feminine singular weak)
strangōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
strangini (dative neuter singular weak)
strangammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
stranginē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
strangammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
strangōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
strangōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
stranginē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
strangammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *strang, *strangī
Old English: strang, strong
Middle English: strong, stronge, stronke, stron, strange, straunge
English: strong
Scots: strang
Yola: straung
Old Frisian: *strang, streng
Saterland Frisian: strang
West Frisian: string
Old Saxon: strang
Middle Low German: stranc, strenge
Low German: strenge
Old Dutch: *strang, *strank
Middle Dutch: strange, stranc, strenge, streng
Dutch: streng
Afrikaans: streng
Limburgish: strang
Old High German: strangi, strengi, strang
Middle High German: strenge, strange
German: streng

Old Norse: strangr
Icelandic: strangur
Faroese: strangur
Norwegian:
Norwegian Bokmål: streng
Norwegian Nynorsk: streng
Old Swedish: strænger, stranger
Swedish: sträng, strang (dialectal)
Danish: stræng, streng

→ Proto-Finnic: *rankka (see there for further descendants)

From Pre-Germanic *strongʰos, an adjective formed from the strong verb *stringaną, from Proto-Indo-European *strengʰ- (“pulled tight, straight, constricted”), from Proto-Indo-European *ster- (“stiff, rigid”). Cognate with Latvian strangs (“brave, brisk, fresh”).


fernaz

*fernaz (a-stem)

fernaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
fernai (masculine nominative plural strong)
fernō (feminine nominative singular strong)
fernôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
ferną (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
fernō (neuter nominative plural strong)
fernanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
fernanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
fernǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
fernōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
ferną (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
fernō (accusative neuter plural strong)
fernas (genitive masculine singular strong)
-is (genitive masculine singular strong)
fernaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
fernaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
fernaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
fernas (genitive neuter singular strong)
-is (genitive neuter singular strong)
fernaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
fernammai (dative masculine singular strong)
fernaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
fernaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
fernaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
fernammai (dative neuter singular strong)
fernaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
fernanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
fernaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
fernaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
fernaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
fernanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
fernaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
fernô (masculine nominative singular weak)
fernaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
fernǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
fernōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
fernô (neuter nominative singular weak)
fernōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
fernanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
fernanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
fernōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
fernōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
fernô (accusative neuter singular weak)
fernōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
ferniniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
fernanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
fernōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
fernōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
ferniniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
fernanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
fernini (dative masculine singular weak)
fernammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
fernōni (dative feminine singular weak)
fernōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
fernini (dative neuter singular weak)
fernammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
ferninē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
fernammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
fernōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
fernōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
ferninē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
fernammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

Old English: firn, fyrn

Scots: fernȝere, farnȝer, fairnȝer

Old Frisian: fīr, fēr

North Frisian: fier

Saterland Frisian: fier

West Frisian: fier

Old Saxon: ferni, fern, *furn

Middle Low German: verne, vere, ver

German Low German: feern

Old Dutch: *ferni

Middle Dutch: verne

Dutch: verne

Old High German: firni

Middle High German: virne, vërne

Alemannic German: fëret, Fiire

German: firne, firn

⇒ German: Firn

→ English: firn

desctree

Old Norse: forn
Icelandic: forn
Faroese: fornur
Norwegian Nynorsk: forn
Norwegian: (dialectal) fonn, fodn
Norwegian Bokmål: forn
Old Swedish: forn
Swedish: forn
Danish: forne

Gothic: 𐍆𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌽𐍃 (fairns)

From Proto-Indo-European *perǝm-, *perǝ- (“fore, first”), from Proto-Indo-European *per- (“forth, over, across, through”). Cognate with Lithuanian pernai (“last year”, adverb).


fagraz

*fagraz (a-stem)

fagraz (masculine nominative singular strong)
fagrai (masculine nominative plural strong)
fagrō (feminine nominative singular strong)
fagrôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
fagrą (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
fagrō (neuter nominative plural strong)
fagranǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
fagranz (accusative masculine plural strong)
fagrǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
fagrōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
fagrą (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
fagrō (accusative neuter plural strong)
fagras (genitive masculine singular strong)
-is (genitive masculine singular strong)
fagraizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
fagraizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
fagraizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
fagras (genitive neuter singular strong)
-is (genitive neuter singular strong)
fagraizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
fagrammai (dative masculine singular strong)
fagraimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
fagraizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
fagraimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
fagrammai (dative neuter singular strong)
fagraimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
fagranō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
fagraimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
fagraizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
fagraimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
fagranō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
fagraimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
fagrô (masculine nominative singular weak)
fagraniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
fagrǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
fagrōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
fagrô (neuter nominative singular weak)
fagrōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
fagranų (accusative masculine singular weak)
fagranunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
fagrōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
fagrōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
fagrô (accusative neuter singular weak)
fagrōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
fagriniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
fagranǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
fagrōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
fagrōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
fagriniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
fagranǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
fagrini (dative masculine singular weak)
fagrammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
fagrōni (dative feminine singular weak)
fagrōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
fagrini (dative neuter singular weak)
fagrammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
fagrinē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
fagrammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
fagrōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
fagrōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
fagrinē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
fagrammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *fagr
Old English: fæger, fæġer
Middle English: fager, fæȝer, feir, fayer, fayr
Scots: fair, fayr, fare
English: fair
→ Dutch: fair
→ German: fair
Old Saxon: fagar
Middle Low German: fagher
Old Dutch: *fagar, *vagar (in placenames: vagara velda)
Old High German: fagar
Middle High German: fager, vager

Old Norse: fagr
Icelandic: fagur
Faroese: fagur
Norn: feg, fåg
Norwegian Nynorsk: fager, fagr; (dialectal) fagur
Old Swedish: fagher
Swedish: fager
Old Danish: faghær
Danish: fager, feir, fauer, faver, favr
Norwegian Bokmål: fager

Gothic: 𐍆𐌰𐌲𐍂𐍃 (fagrs)

→? Estonian: vapper

From pre-Germanic *ph₂ḱrós, equivalent to unattested *fahaną + *-raz, a ro-stem derived from Proto-Indo-European *peh₂ḱ- (“to fasten, place”). Cognate with Umbrian pacer (“gracious, merciful, kind”), Slovak pekný (“good-looking, handsome, nice”).


mildijaz

mildijaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
mildijai (masculine nominative plural strong)
mildijō (feminine nominative singular strong)
mildijôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
mildiją (neuter nominative singular strong)
-at (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
mildijō (neuter nominative plural strong)
mildijanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
mildijanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
mildijǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
mildijōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
mildiją (accusative neuter singular strong)
-at (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
mildijō (accusative neuter plural strong)
mildijas (genitive masculine singular strong)
mildīs (genitive masculine singular strong)
mildijaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
mildijaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
mildijaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
mildijas (genitive neuter singular strong)
mildīs (genitive neuter singular strong)
mildijaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
mildijammai (dative masculine singular strong)
mildijaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
mildijaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
mildijaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
mildijammai (dative neuter singular strong)
mildijaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
mildijanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
mildijaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
mildijaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
mildijaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
mildijanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
mildijaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
mildijô (masculine nominative singular weak)
mildijaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
mildijǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
mildijōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
mildijô (neuter nominative singular weak)
mildijōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
mildijanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
mildijanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
mildijōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
mildijōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
mildijô (accusative neuter singular weak)
mildijōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
mildīniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
mildijanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
mildijōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
mildijōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
mildīniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
mildijanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
mildīni (dative masculine singular weak)
mildijammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
mildijōni (dative feminine singular weak)
mildijōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
mildīni (dative neuter singular weak)
mildijammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
mildīnē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
mildijammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
mildijōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
mildijōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
mildīnē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
mildijammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

Old English: milde

Middle English: milde

Scots: mild, myld

English: mild

Old Frisian: milde

Saterland Frisian: milde, mild

West Frisian: myld

Old Saxon: mildi

Middle Low German: milde

Low German: milde

desctree

Old Dutch: mildi
Middle Dutch: milde
Dutch: mild
Afrikaans: mild

Old High German: milti

Middle High German: milte, milde

German: milde, mild

Luxembourgish: mëll

Vilamovian: myłd

Old Norse: mildr

Icelandic: mildur

Norwegian: mild

Old Swedish: milder

Swedish: mild

Old Danish:

Danish: mild

desc

𐍆𐍂𐌹𐌰𐌸𐍅𐌰𐌼𐌹𐌻𐌳𐌴𐌹𐍃

⇒ Gothic: 𐍆𐍂𐌹𐌰𐌸𐍅𐌰𐌼𐌹𐌻𐌳𐌴𐌹𐍃 (friaþwamildeis), 𐌿𐌽𐌼𐌹𐌻𐌳𐌴𐌹𐍃 (unmildeis)

From Proto-Indo-European *melh₂- (“to beat, pound, grind, mill”). Cognate with Latin mollis (“soft, gentle”).


twinaz

From Proto-Indo-European *dwino- (“twin”), from Proto-Indo-European *dwóh₁ (“two”). Cognate with Lithuanian dvynys (“twin”), Russian дво́йня (dvójnja, “twin”).


irzijaz

irzijaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
irzijai (masculine nominative plural strong)
irzijō (feminine nominative singular strong)
irzijôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
irziją (neuter nominative singular strong)
-at (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
irzijō (neuter nominative plural strong)
irzijanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
irzijanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
irzijǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
irzijōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
irziją (accusative neuter singular strong)
-at (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
irzijō (accusative neuter plural strong)
irzijas (genitive masculine singular strong)
irzīs (genitive masculine singular strong)
irzijaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
irzijaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
irzijaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
irzijas (genitive neuter singular strong)
irzīs (genitive neuter singular strong)
irzijaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
irzijammai (dative masculine singular strong)
irzijaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
irzijaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
irzijaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
irzijammai (dative neuter singular strong)
irzijaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
irzijanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
irzijaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
irzijaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
irzijaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
irzijanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
irzijaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
irzijô (masculine nominative singular weak)
irzijaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
irzijǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
irzijōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
irzijô (neuter nominative singular weak)
irzijōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
irzijanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
irzijanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
irzijōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
irzijōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
irzijô (accusative neuter singular weak)
irzijōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
irzīniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
irzijanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
irzijōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
irzijōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
irzīniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
irzijanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
irzīni (dative masculine singular weak)
irzijammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
irzijōni (dative feminine singular weak)
irzijōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
irzīni (dative neuter singular weak)
irzijammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
irzīnē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
irzijammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
irzijōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
irzijōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
irzīnē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
irzijammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *irʀī
Old English: eorre, ierre, yrre
Middle English: eorre, erre, irre
Old Frisian: irre, īre
Saterland Frisian: íer
Old Saxon: *erri, irri
Middle Low German: erre, irre
Old Dutch: *erri, *irri
Middle Dutch: erre, irre, arre
Dutch: ar
Old High German: *erri, irri
Middle High German: ërre, irre
German: irre

Gothic: 𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌶𐌴𐌹𐍃 (airzeis)

From Proto-Indo-European *h₁ers-. Cognate with Latin errō (“to wander, roam, stray, lose one's way”), Lithuanian įširsti (“to become angry, fly into passion”), Lithuanian aršùs (“fierce”).


aibraz

*aibraz (a-stem)

aibraz (masculine nominative singular strong)
aibrai (masculine nominative plural strong)
aibrō (feminine nominative singular strong)
aibrôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
aibrą (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
aibrō (neuter nominative plural strong)
aibranǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
aibranz (accusative masculine plural strong)
aibrǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
aibrōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
aibrą (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
aibrō (accusative neuter plural strong)
aibras (genitive masculine singular strong)
-is (genitive masculine singular strong)
aibraizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
aibraizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
aibraizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
aibras (genitive neuter singular strong)
-is (genitive neuter singular strong)
aibraizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
aibrammai (dative masculine singular strong)
aibraimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
aibraizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
aibraimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
aibrammai (dative neuter singular strong)
aibraimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
aibranō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
aibraimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
aibraizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
aibraimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
aibranō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
aibraimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
aibrô (masculine nominative singular weak)
aibraniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
aibrǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
aibrōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
aibrô (neuter nominative singular weak)
aibrōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
aibranų (accusative masculine singular weak)
aibranunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
aibrōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
aibrōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
aibrô (accusative neuter singular weak)
aibrōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
aibriniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
aibranǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
aibrōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
aibrōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
aibriniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
aibranǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
aibrini (dative masculine singular weak)
aibrammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
aibrōni (dative feminine singular weak)
aibrōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
aibrini (dative neuter singular weak)
aibrammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
aibrinē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
aibrammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
aibrōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
aibrōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
aibrinē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
aibrammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

Proto-West Germanic: *aibr

Old English: ābor, āfor

Old Frisian:

→ Dutch: aver

desc

Old High German: eibar, eivar, eifar, aipar, eipar, eiber, eiver, eifir

Old Norse: æfr (possibly also from *abraz)

Icelandic: æfur

Gothic: 𐌰𐌹𐍆𐍂𐍃 (aifrs)

→ Old Occitan: affre

→ Middle French: affre

French: affres

From Proto-Indo-European *h₂eybʰros (“sharp, severe, astringent”). Cognate with dialectal Lithuanian aibrùmas (“waters in the mouth”).


abraz

*abraz (a-stem)

abraz (masculine nominative singular strong)
abrai (masculine nominative plural strong)
abrō (feminine nominative singular strong)
abrôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
abrą (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
abrō (neuter nominative plural strong)
abranǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
abranz (accusative masculine plural strong)
abrǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
abrōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
abrą (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
abrō (accusative neuter plural strong)
abras (genitive masculine singular strong)
-is (genitive masculine singular strong)
abraizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
abraizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
abraizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
abras (genitive neuter singular strong)
-is (genitive neuter singular strong)
abraizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
abrammai (dative masculine singular strong)
abraimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
abraizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
abraimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
abrammai (dative neuter singular strong)
abraimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
abranō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
abraimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
abraizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
abraimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
abranō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
abraimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
abrô (masculine nominative singular weak)
abraniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
abrǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
abrōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
abrô (neuter nominative singular weak)
abrōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
abranų (accusative masculine singular weak)
abranunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
abrōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
abrōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
abrô (accusative neuter singular weak)
abrōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
abriniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
abranǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
abrōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
abrōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
abriniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
abranǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
abrini (dative masculine singular weak)
abrammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
abrōni (dative feminine singular weak)
abrōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
abrini (dative neuter singular weak)
abrammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
abrinē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
abrammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
abrōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
abrōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
abrinē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
abrammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

Old Norse: afar (in compounds); æfr (possibly also from *aibraz)

Icelandic: afar

Gothic: 𐌰𐌱𐍂𐍃 (abrs)

From Pre-Germanic *h₃(e)prós, equivalent to the lost strong verb *afaną + *-raz.

strong, severe, exceeding, immense, great, huge, terrible


hulþaz

*hulþaz (a-stem)

hulþaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
hulþai (masculine nominative plural strong)
hulþō (feminine nominative singular strong)
hulþôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
hulþą (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
hulþō (neuter nominative plural strong)
hulþanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
hulþanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
hulþǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
hulþōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
hulþą (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
hulþō (accusative neuter plural strong)
hulþas (genitive masculine singular strong)
-is (genitive masculine singular strong)
hulþaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
hulþaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
hulþaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
hulþas (genitive neuter singular strong)
-is (genitive neuter singular strong)
hulþaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
hulþammai (dative masculine singular strong)
hulþaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
hulþaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
hulþaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
hulþammai (dative neuter singular strong)
hulþaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
hulþanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
hulþaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
hulþaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
hulþaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
hulþanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
hulþaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
hulþô (masculine nominative singular weak)
hulþaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
hulþǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
hulþōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
hulþô (neuter nominative singular weak)
hulþōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
hulþanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
hulþanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
hulþōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
hulþōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
hulþô (accusative neuter singular weak)
hulþōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
hulþiniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
hulþanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
hulþōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
hulþōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
hulþiniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
hulþanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
hulþini (dative masculine singular weak)
hulþammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
hulþōni (dative feminine singular weak)
hulþōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
hulþini (dative neuter singular weak)
hulþammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
hulþinē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
hulþammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
hulþōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
hulþōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
hulþinē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
hulþammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

Old English: hold

Middle English: hold, holde

English: hold

Old Frisian: hold, houd

Saterland Frisian: hold

Old Saxon: hold

Middle Low German: hold, hōlt, hult

Old Dutch: hold

Middle Dutch: holt, hout

Dutch: hou

Old High German: hold

Middle High German: holt

German: hold

Yiddish: האָלט האָבן (holt hobn)

Old Norse: hollr

Icelandic: hollur

Faroese: hollur

Norwegian Nynorsk: holl

Old Swedish: hulder, holder

Swedish: hull (obsolete), huld

Danish: huld

Gothic: 𐌷𐌿𐌻𐌸𐍃 (hulþs)

From Proto-Indo-European *kelH-, *ḱel- (“to tend, lean, incline, bend, tip”). Cognate with Latin auscultō (“incline one's ear, listen, listen in, heed”).


sundraz

*sundraz (a-stem)

sundraz (masculine nominative singular strong)
sundrai (masculine nominative plural strong)
sundrō (feminine nominative singular strong)
sundrôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
sundrą (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
sundrō (neuter nominative plural strong)
sundranǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
sundranz (accusative masculine plural strong)
sundrǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
sundrōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
sundrą (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
sundrō (accusative neuter plural strong)
sundras (genitive masculine singular strong)
-is (genitive masculine singular strong)
sundraizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
sundraizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
sundraizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
sundras (genitive neuter singular strong)
-is (genitive neuter singular strong)
sundraizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
sundrammai (dative masculine singular strong)
sundraimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
sundraizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
sundraimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
sundrammai (dative neuter singular strong)
sundraimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
sundranō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
sundraimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
sundraizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
sundraimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
sundranō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
sundraimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
sundrô (masculine nominative singular weak)
sundraniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
sundrǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
sundrōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
sundrô (neuter nominative singular weak)
sundrōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
sundranų (accusative masculine singular weak)
sundranunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
sundrōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
sundrōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
sundrô (accusative neuter singular weak)
sundrōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
sundriniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
sundranǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
sundrōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
sundrōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
sundriniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
sundranǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
sundrini (dative masculine singular weak)
sundrammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
sundrōni (dative feminine singular weak)
sundrōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
sundrini (dative neuter singular weak)
sundrammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
sundrinē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
sundrammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
sundrōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
sundrōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
sundrinē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
sundrammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

Proto-West Germanic: *sundr

desctree

Old English: sundor, sunder, synder
Middle English: sunder
English: sunder
Scots: sinder

Old Frisian: sunder

Saterland Frisian: sunder, sunner

West Frisian: sûnder

Old Saxon: sundar

Middle Low German: sunder, sonder

Old Dutch: sunder

Middle Dutch: sonder
Dutch: zonder
Afrikaans: sonder
Berbice Creole Dutch: sondro
Jersey Dutch: zonder
Negerhollands: sonder, sondu
→ Aukan: sondee
→ Caribbean Javanese: sonder
→ Malay: sonder
→ Indonesian: sonder, zonder
→ Saramaccan: sondò
→ Sranan Tongo: sondro
Limburgish: zónger

Old High German: suntar

Middle High German: sunder

⇒ German: sondern, sonder-

Old Norse: sundr
Icelandic: sundur
Faroese: sundur
Norwegian Nynorsk: sund, sunder
Old Swedish: sunder, synder
Swedish: sönder
Danish: sønder
Norwegian Bokmål: sund, sønder

Gothic: 𐍃𐌿𐌽𐌳𐍂𐍉 (sundrō)

From Proto-Indo-European *sn̥Htros, from *senH- (“apart, without, for oneself”). Cognate with Sanskrit सनितुर् (sanitúr), Avestan 𐬵𐬀𐬥𐬀𐬭𐬆 (hanar^ə).


walaz

walaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
walai (masculine nominative plural strong)
walō (feminine nominative singular strong)
walôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
walą (neuter nominative singular strong)
-at (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
walō (neuter nominative plural strong)
walanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
walanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
walǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
walōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
walą (accusative neuter singular strong)
-at (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
walō (accusative neuter plural strong)
walas (genitive masculine singular strong)
walis (genitive masculine singular strong)
walaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
walaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
walaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
walas (genitive neuter singular strong)
walis (genitive neuter singular strong)
walaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
walammai (dative masculine singular strong)
walaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
walaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
walaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
walammai (dative neuter singular strong)
walaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
walanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
walaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
walaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
walaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
walanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
walaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
walô (masculine nominative singular weak)
walaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
walǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
walōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
walô (neuter nominative singular weak)
walōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
walanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
walanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
walōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
walōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
walô (accusative neuter singular weak)
walōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
waliniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
walanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
walōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
walōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
waliniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
walanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
walini (dative masculine singular weak)
walammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
walōni (dative feminine singular weak)
walōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
walini (dative neuter singular weak)
walammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
walinē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
walammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
walōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
walōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
walinē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
walammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

Old Norse: valr

From pre-Germanic *wolhH-os, "turned or turning", from Proto-Indo-European *welH- (“to turn, wind”).


haswaz

*haswaz (a-stem)

haswaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
haswai (masculine nominative plural strong)
haswō (feminine nominative singular strong)
haswôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
haswą (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
haswō (neuter nominative plural strong)
haswanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
haswanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
haswǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
haswōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
haswą (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
haswō (accusative neuter plural strong)
haswas (genitive masculine singular strong)
-is (genitive masculine singular strong)
haswaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
haswaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
haswaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
haswas (genitive neuter singular strong)
-is (genitive neuter singular strong)
haswaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
haswammai (dative masculine singular strong)
haswaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
haswaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
haswaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
haswammai (dative neuter singular strong)
haswaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
haswanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
haswaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
haswaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
haswaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
haswanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
haswaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
haswô (masculine nominative singular weak)
haswaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
haswǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
haswōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
haswô (neuter nominative singular weak)
haswōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
haswanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
haswanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
haswōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
haswōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
haswô (accusative neuter singular weak)
haswōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
haswiniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
haswanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
haswōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
haswōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
haswiniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
haswanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
haswini (dative masculine singular weak)
haswammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
haswōni (dative feminine singular weak)
haswōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
haswini (dative neuter singular weak)
haswammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
haswinē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
haswammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
haswōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
haswōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
haswinē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
haswammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *hasu
Old English: hasu, heasu
⇒ Middle English: haswed
Old Saxon: hasu
Middle Low German: hāse (in placenames)
Old Dutch: *haso
Old High German: *haswi
Middle High German: heswe
→ Old French: *hasve, have
Middle French: have
French: hâve

Old Norse: hǫss

Icelandic: höss

From Proto-Indo-European *ḱeh₂s- (“bright grey”). Cognate with Latin caesius (“blue-grey”), Latin cānus (“grey, silvery, hoary”), Latin cascus (“old, ancient”).

der

hasan

Proto-West Germanic: *hasn; Old High German


stainagaz

*stainagaz (a-stem)

stainagaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
stainagai (masculine nominative plural strong)
stainagō (feminine nominative singular strong)
stainagôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
stainagą (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
stainagō (neuter nominative plural strong)
stainaganǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
stainaganz (accusative masculine plural strong)
stainagǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
stainagōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
stainagą (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
stainagō (accusative neuter plural strong)
stainagas (genitive masculine singular strong)
-is (genitive masculine singular strong)
stainagaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
stainagaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
stainagaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
stainagas (genitive neuter singular strong)
-is (genitive neuter singular strong)
stainagaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
stainagammai (dative masculine singular strong)
stainagaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
stainagaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
stainagaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
stainagammai (dative neuter singular strong)
stainagaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
stainaganō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
stainagaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
stainagaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
stainagaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
stainaganō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
stainagaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
stainagô (masculine nominative singular weak)
stainaganiz (masculine nominative plural weak)
stainagǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
stainagōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
stainagô (neuter nominative singular weak)
stainagōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
stainaganų (accusative masculine singular weak)
stainaganunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
stainagōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
stainagōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
stainagô (accusative neuter singular weak)
stainagōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
stainaginiz (genitive masculine singular weak)
stainaganǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
stainagōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
stainagōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
stainaginiz (genitive neuter singular weak)
stainaganǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
stainagini (dative masculine singular weak)
stainagammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
stainagōni (dative feminine singular weak)
stainagōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
stainagini (dative neuter singular weak)
stainagammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
stainaginē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
stainagammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
stainagōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
stainagōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
stainaginē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
stainagammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

Proto-West Germanic: *stainag; *stainīg

Old English: stāniġ, stǣniġ; stāniht, stǣniht

Middle English: stani, stoni, stony

English: stony

Scots: stany

Old Frisian: stēnich

Saterland Frisian: steenich

West Frisian: stienich

Old Saxon: *stēnag

Middle Low German: stênich

German Low German: stenig

→ Swedish: stenig

Old Dutch: *steinag, *steinig

Middle Dutch: stēnig

Dutch: stenig

Old High German: steinag, steinīg

Old High German: steinec

German: steinig

Luxembourgish: stengeg

Gothic: 𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌰𐌷𐍃 (stainahs)


handugaz

*handugaz (a-stem)

handugaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
handugai (masculine nominative plural strong)
handugō (feminine nominative singular strong)
handugôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
handugą (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
handugō (neuter nominative plural strong)
handuganǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
handuganz (accusative masculine plural strong)
handugǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
handugōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
handugą (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
handugō (accusative neuter plural strong)
handugas (genitive masculine singular strong)
-is (genitive masculine singular strong)
handugaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
handugaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
handugaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
handugas (genitive neuter singular strong)
-is (genitive neuter singular strong)
handugaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
handugammai (dative masculine singular strong)
handugaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
handugaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
handugaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
handugammai (dative neuter singular strong)
handugaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
handuganō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
handugaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
handugaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
handugaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
handuganō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
handugaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
handugô (masculine nominative singular weak)
handuganiz (masculine nominative plural weak)
handugǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
handugōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
handugô (neuter nominative singular weak)
handugōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
handuganų (accusative masculine singular weak)
handuganunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
handugōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
handugōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
handugô (accusative neuter singular weak)
handugōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
handuginiz (genitive masculine singular weak)
handuganǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
handugōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
handugōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
handuginiz (genitive neuter singular weak)
handuganǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
handugini (dative masculine singular weak)
handugammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
handugōni (dative feminine singular weak)
handugōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
handugini (dative neuter singular weak)
handugammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
handuginē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
handugammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
handugōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
handugōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
handuginē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
handugammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

desc

Proto-West Germanic: *handug, *handag, *handīg

Old English: *hendiġ

Middle English: hendi, handy

Scots: handy

English: handy

⇒ Old English: listhendiġ

Old Frisian: *handich, *hondich

Saterland Frisian: handich, houndich

West Frisian: handich

Old Saxon: *handig, *hendig

Middle Low German: handich, hendich

German Low German: handig

→ Saterland Frisian: jäntich

→ Norwegian Bokmål: hendig

→ Norwegian Nynorsk: hendig

→ Swedish: händig

→ Danish: hændig

→ Faroese: hendigur

Old Dutch: *handig

Middle Dutch: handich

Dutch: handig

Afrikaans: handig

Old High German: hantag, hantīg

Middle High German: handec, hendec, handic, hantic

German: handig, händig

Old Norse: hǫndugr

Icelandic: höndugur

Faroese: handigur

Gothic: 𐌷𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌿𐌲𐍃 (handugs)

→ Proto-Slavic: *xǫdogъjь, *xǫdogъ

East Slavic:

Old East Slavic: худогъ (xudogŭ), художьникъ (xudožĭnikŭ)

Russian: худо́жник (xudóžnik)

South Slavic:

Old Church Slavonic: хѫдожьство (xǫdožĭstvo), Old Church Slavonic: хѫдожьствиѥ (xǫdožĭstvije)

→ Russian: художество (xudožestvo)

Bulgarian: художество (hudožestvo)

West Slavic:

Polish: chędogi

handy; skillful with the hands; dextrous


austrōnijaz

*austrōnijaz (ja-stem)

austrōnijaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
austrōnijai (masculine nominative plural strong)
austrōnijō (feminine nominative singular strong)
austrōnijôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
austrōniją (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
austrōnijō (neuter nominative plural strong)
austrōnijanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
austrōnijanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
austrōnijǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
austrōnijōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
austrōniją (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
austrōnijō (accusative neuter plural strong)
austrōnijas (genitive masculine singular strong)
-īs (genitive masculine singular strong)
austrōnijaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
austrōnijaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
austrōnijaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
austrōnijas (genitive neuter singular strong)
-īs (genitive neuter singular strong)
austrōnijaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
austrōnijammai (dative masculine singular strong)
austrōnijaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
austrōnijaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
austrōnijaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
austrōnijammai (dative neuter singular strong)
austrōnijaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
austrōnijanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
austrōnijaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
austrōnijaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
austrōnijaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
austrōnijanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
austrōnijaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
austrōnijô (masculine nominative singular weak)
austrōnijaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
austrōnijǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
austrōnijōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
austrōnijô (neuter nominative singular weak)
austrōnijōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
austrōnijanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
austrōnijanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
austrōnijōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
austrōnijōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
austrōnijô (accusative neuter singular weak)
austrōnijōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
austrōnīniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
austrōnijanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
austrōnijōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
austrōnijōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
austrōnīniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
austrōnijanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
austrōnīni (dative masculine singular weak)
austrōnijammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
austrōnijōni (dative feminine singular weak)
austrōnijōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
austrōnīni (dative neuter singular weak)
austrōnijammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
austrōnīnē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
austrōnijammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
austrōnijōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
austrōnijōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
austrōnīnē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
austrōnijammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *austrōnī
Old English: ēasterne
Middle English: esterne, esturne, estern, estrin, eestreen, æsterne, estren, estryn
English: eastern
Scots: estrene, eistrene, eastren
>? Old Frisian: āster
Old Saxon: ōstrōni
Old High German: *ōstrōni
⇒ Old High German: nordōstrōni

Old Norse: austrǿnn, austrœnn
Icelandic: austrænn
Faroese: eystrønur
Norwegian Nynorsk: austrøn
Icelandic: austrænn
Faroese: eystrønur
Norwegian Nynorsk: austrøn

From *austraz + *-ōnijaz, the former from Proto-Indo-European *austero- (“eastern”).


marwaz

*marwaz (a-stem)

marwaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
marwai (masculine nominative plural strong)
marwō (feminine nominative singular strong)
marwôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
marwą (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
marwō (neuter nominative plural strong)
marwanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
marwanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
marwǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
marwōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
marwą (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
marwō (accusative neuter plural strong)
marwas (genitive masculine singular strong)
-is (genitive masculine singular strong)
marwaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
marwaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
marwaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
marwas (genitive neuter singular strong)
-is (genitive neuter singular strong)
marwaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
marwammai (dative masculine singular strong)
marwaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
marwaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
marwaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
marwammai (dative neuter singular strong)
marwaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
marwanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
marwaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
marwaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
marwaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
marwanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
marwaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
marwô (masculine nominative singular weak)
marwaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
marwǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
marwōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
marwô (neuter nominative singular weak)
marwōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
marwanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
marwanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
marwōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
marwōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
marwô (accusative neuter singular weak)
marwōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
marwiniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
marwanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
marwōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
marwōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
marwiniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
marwanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
marwini (dative masculine singular weak)
marwammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
marwōni (dative feminine singular weak)
marwōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
marwini (dative neuter singular weak)
marwammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
marwinē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
marwammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
marwōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
marwōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
marwinē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
marwammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

Proto-West Germanic: *maru

Old English: mearu, meru

desc

Middle English: merwe, merow, melowe, melwe

Scots: melly

English: mellow

Old Saxon: *maru, *moru; *murwi

Middle Low German: morwe, mare, more, mȫre

German Low German: möör

Old Dutch: *maru

Middle Dutch: meru, merue; murwe, morwe

Dutch: murw
→ West Frisian: morf, murf

West Flemish: merf

Old High German: maro; marawi; muruwi, murwi

Middle High German: mar; mürwe

Alemannic German: murw

German: mürbe

→ French: morbement (dialectal)

Old Norse: meyrr (< *maurijaz, *maurwuz)

Icelandic: meyr

Faroese: moyrur

Old Swedish: mø̄r

Swedish: mör

Old Danish: miør

Danish: mør

From Proto-Indo-European *merw- (“to rub, pack”).


tilaz

*tilaz (a-stem)

tilaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
tilai (masculine nominative plural strong)
tilō (feminine nominative singular strong)
tilôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
tilą (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
tilō (neuter nominative plural strong)
tilanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
tilanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
tilǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
tilōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
tilą (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
tilō (accusative neuter plural strong)
tilas (genitive masculine singular strong)
-is (genitive masculine singular strong)
tilaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
tilaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
tilaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
tilas (genitive neuter singular strong)
-is (genitive neuter singular strong)
tilaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
tilammai (dative masculine singular strong)
tilaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
tilaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
tilaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
tilammai (dative neuter singular strong)
tilaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
tilanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
tilaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
tilaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
tilaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
tilanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
tilaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
tilô (masculine nominative singular weak)
tilaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
tilǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
tilōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
tilô (neuter nominative singular weak)
tilōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
tilanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
tilanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
tilōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
tilōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
tilô (accusative neuter singular weak)
tilōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
tiliniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
tilanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
tilōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
tilōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
tiliniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
tilanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
tilini (dative masculine singular weak)
tilammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
tilōni (dative feminine singular weak)
tilōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
tilini (dative neuter singular weak)
tilammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
tilinē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
tilammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
tilōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
tilōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
tilinē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
tilammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

Old English: til

Old Frisian: til

Old Saxon: til

Gothic: 𐌲𐌰𐍄𐌹𐌻𐍃 (gatils) (note also 𐍄𐌹𐌻 (til))

From Proto-Indo-European *ad- (“to secure, establish, order”).


tulguz

tulguz (masculine nominative singular strong)
tulgijai (masculine nominative plural strong)
tulgī (feminine nominative singular strong)
tulgijôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
tulgų (neuter nominative singular strong)
-jatō (neuter nominative singular strong)
tulgijō (neuter nominative plural strong)
tulgijanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
tulgijanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
tulgijǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
tulgijōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
tulgų (accusative neuter singular strong)
-jatō (accusative neuter singular strong)
tulgijō (accusative neuter plural strong)
tulgijas (genitive masculine singular strong)
tulgīs (genitive masculine singular strong)
tulgijaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
tulgijaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
tulgijaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
tulgijas (genitive neuter singular strong)
tulgīs (genitive neuter singular strong)
tulgijaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
tulgijammai (dative masculine singular strong)
tulgijaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
tulgijaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
tulgijaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
tulgijammai (dative neuter singular strong)
tulgijaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
tulgijanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
tulgijaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
tulgijaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
tulgijaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
tulgijanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
tulgijaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
tulgijô (masculine nominative singular weak)
tulgijaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
tulgijǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
tulgijōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
tulgijô (neuter nominative singular weak)
tulgijōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
tulgijanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
tulgijanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
tulgijōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
tulgijōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
tulgijô (accusative neuter singular weak)
tulgijōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
tulgīniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
tulgijanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
tulgijōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
tulgijōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
tulgīniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
tulgijanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
tulgīni (dative masculine singular weak)
tulgijammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
tulgijōni (dative feminine singular weak)
tulgijōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
tulgīni (dative neuter singular weak)
tulgijammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
tulgīnē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
tulgijammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
tulgijōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
tulgijōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
tulgīnē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
tulgijammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

Old English: tulge; tylġ, tylġest

Old Saxon: tulgo

Gothic: 𐍄𐌿𐌻𐌲𐌿𐍃 (tulgus)

From Proto-Indo-European *dl̥h₁gʰós (“long”). Cognate with Lithuanian ilga (“long”), Latin indulgeō (“favour, grant, indulge”).


þinhtaz

*þinhtaz (a-stem)

þinhtaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
þinhtai (masculine nominative plural strong)
þinhtō (feminine nominative singular strong)
þinhtôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
þinhtą (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
þinhtō (neuter nominative plural strong)
þinhtanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
þinhtanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
þinhtǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
þinhtōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
þinhtą (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
þinhtō (accusative neuter plural strong)
þinhtas (genitive masculine singular strong)
-is (genitive masculine singular strong)
þinhtaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
þinhtaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
þinhtaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
þinhtas (genitive neuter singular strong)
-is (genitive neuter singular strong)
þinhtaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
þinhtammai (dative masculine singular strong)
þinhtaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
þinhtaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
þinhtaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
þinhtammai (dative neuter singular strong)
þinhtaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
þinhtanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
þinhtaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
þinhtaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
þinhtaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
þinhtanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
þinhtaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
þinhtô (masculine nominative singular weak)
þinhtaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
þinhtǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
þinhtōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
þinhtô (neuter nominative singular weak)
þinhtōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
þinhtanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
þinhtanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
þinhtōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
þinhtōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
þinhtô (accusative neuter singular weak)
þinhtōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
þinhtiniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
þinhtanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
þinhtōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
þinhtōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
þinhtiniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
þinhtanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
þinhtini (dative masculine singular weak)
þinhtammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
þinhtōni (dative feminine singular weak)
þinhtōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
þinhtini (dative neuter singular weak)
þinhtammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
þinhtinē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
þinhtammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
þinhtōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
þinhtōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
þinhtinē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
þinhtammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *þį̄ht(ī)
Old English: *þīht, *þiht (in combination: meteþiht)
Middle English: thiht, thight
Scots: ticht
English: tight
→ Danish: tight
→ Norwegian: teit
→ Swedish: tajt, tight
English: tights
→ German: Tight
→ Danish: tights
→ Norwegian Bokmål: tights
→ Norwegian Nynorsk: tights
→ Swedish: tajts, tights
Old Frisian: *thīcht
Saterland Frisian: ticht
West Frisian: ticht
Old Saxon: *thīht, *thīhti
Middle Low German: dicht, dichte
German Low German: dicht
Old Dutch: *thīhti, *thīht
Middle Dutch: dichte, dicht
Dutch: dicht
Old High German: dīhti
Middle High German: dīchte, gedīhte
German: dicht; deicht (dialectal)

Old Norse: þéttr

Icelandic: þéttur

Faroese: tættur

Norwegian Bokmål: tett

Norwegian Nynorsk: tett

Old Swedish: thǣtter

Swedish: tät

Danish: tæt

From Proto-Indo-European *tenk- (“to contract”).


skīriz

skīriz (masculine nominative singular strong)
skīrijai (masculine nominative plural strong)
skīrī (feminine nominative singular strong)
skīrijôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
skīrį (neuter nominative singular strong)
-jatō (neuter nominative singular strong)
skīrijō (neuter nominative plural strong)
skīrijanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
skīrijanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
skīrijǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
skīrijōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
skīrį (accusative neuter singular strong)
-jatō (accusative neuter singular strong)
skīrijō (accusative neuter plural strong)
skīrijas (genitive masculine singular strong)
skīrīs (genitive masculine singular strong)
skīrijaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
skīrijaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
skīrijaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
skīrijas (genitive neuter singular strong)
skīrīs (genitive neuter singular strong)
skīrijaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
skīrijammai (dative masculine singular strong)
skīrijaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
skīrijaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
skīrijaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
skīrijammai (dative neuter singular strong)
skīrijaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
skīrijanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
skīrijaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
skīrijaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
skīrijaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
skīrijanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
skīrijaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
skīrijô (masculine nominative singular weak)
skīrijaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
skīrijǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
skīrijōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
skīrijô (neuter nominative singular weak)
skīrijōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
skīrijanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
skīrijanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
skīrijōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
skīrijōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
skīrijô (accusative neuter singular weak)
skīrijōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
skīrīniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
skīrijanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
skīrijōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
skīrijōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
skīrīniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
skīrijanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
skīrīni (dative masculine singular weak)
skīrijammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
skīrijōni (dative feminine singular weak)
skīrijōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
skīrīni (dative neuter singular weak)
skīrijammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
skīrīnē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
skīrijammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
skīrijōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
skīrijōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
skīrīnē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
skīrijammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

Proto-West Germanic: *skīr

Old English: sċīr

Middle English: schyre, schire

English: shire (dialectal); sheer

Scots: schyre; sheer

Old Frisian: skīre

North Frisian: sker, skier

Saterland Frisian: skier

West Frisian: skier

Old Saxon: skīr, skīri

Middle Low German: schîr, schîre

Low German: schier

→ German: schier

Old Dutch: scieri

Middle Dutch: scier, schier, schīr

Dutch: schier

Afrikaans: skier

Old High German: *skīr, *skīri

Middle High German: schīr

desctree

Old Norse: skírr
Icelandic: skír
Faroese: skírur
Norwegian: skir
Old Swedish: skīr
Swedish: skir
Danish: skjær, skær
→ Faroese: skærur

Gothic: 𐍃𐌺𐌴𐌹𐍂𐍃 (skeirs)

From Proto-Indo-European *sḱēy- (“luster, gloss, shadow”). Cognate with Irish cír (“pure”).


brēþaz

*brēþaz (a-stem)

brēþaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
brēþai (masculine nominative plural strong)
brēþō (feminine nominative singular strong)
brēþôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
brēþą (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
brēþō (neuter nominative plural strong)
brēþanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
brēþanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
brēþǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
brēþōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
brēþą (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
brēþō (accusative neuter plural strong)
brēþas (genitive masculine singular strong)
-is (genitive masculine singular strong)
brēþaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
brēþaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
brēþaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
brēþas (genitive neuter singular strong)
-is (genitive neuter singular strong)
brēþaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
brēþammai (dative masculine singular strong)
brēþaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
brēþaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
brēþaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
brēþammai (dative neuter singular strong)
brēþaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
brēþanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
brēþaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
brēþaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
brēþaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
brēþanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
brēþaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
brēþô (masculine nominative singular weak)
brēþaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
brēþǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
brēþōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
brēþô (neuter nominative singular weak)
brēþōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
brēþanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
brēþanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
brēþōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
brēþōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
brēþô (accusative neuter singular weak)
brēþōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
brēþiniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
brēþanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
brēþōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
brēþōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
brēþiniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
brēþanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
brēþini (dative masculine singular weak)
brēþammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
brēþōni (dative feminine singular weak)
brēþōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
brēþini (dative neuter singular weak)
brēþammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
brēþinē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
brēþammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
brēþōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
brēþōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
brēþinē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
brēþammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

Old Norse: bráðr

Icelandic: bráður

Faroese: bráður

Norwegian: brå

Old Swedish: brāþer

Swedish: bråd

Danish: brad

→ Middle English: brath, broth, braith

Scots: braith

English: brath

Related to Sanskrit भुरति (bhurati, “to stir, palpitate”), both from Proto-Indo-European *bʰer-.


nataz

*nataz (a-stem)

nataz (masculine nominative singular strong)
natai (masculine nominative plural strong)
natō (feminine nominative singular strong)
natôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
natą (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
natō (neuter nominative plural strong)
natanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
natanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
natǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
natōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
natą (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
natō (accusative neuter plural strong)
natas (genitive masculine singular strong)
-is (genitive masculine singular strong)
nataizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
nataizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
nataizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
natas (genitive neuter singular strong)
-is (genitive neuter singular strong)
nataizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
natammai (dative masculine singular strong)
nataimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
nataizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
nataimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
natammai (dative neuter singular strong)
nataimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
natanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
nataimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
nataizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
nataimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
natanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
nataimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
natô (masculine nominative singular weak)
nataniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
natǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
natōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
natô (neuter nominative singular weak)
natōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
natanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
natanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
natōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
natōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
natô (accusative neuter singular weak)
natōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
natiniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
natanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
natōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
natōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
natiniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
natanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
natini (dative masculine singular weak)
natammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
natōni (dative feminine singular weak)
natōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
natini (dative neuter singular weak)
natammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
natinē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
natammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
natōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
natōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
natinē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
natammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *nat
Old Saxon: *nat
Middle Low German: nat
German Low German: natt
Old Dutch: nat
Middle Dutch: nat
Dutch: nat
Afrikaans: nat
Limburgish: naat
Old High German: naz
Middle High German: naz
German: nass
Luxembourgish: naass
Vilamovian: noss
Yiddish: נאַס (nas)

Old Norse: Nǫt, Nöt (river name)

Gothic: *𐌽𐌰𐍄𐍃 (*nats) (in derivatives)

From Proto-Indo-European *ned- (“wet”). Cognate with Ancient Greek νοτερός (noterós, “damp, wet, humid”), Welsh nodd (“wetness, humidity, sap”).


siniz

siniz (masculine nominative singular strong)
sinjai (masculine nominative plural strong)
sinī (feminine nominative singular strong)
sinjôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
sinį (neuter nominative singular strong)
-jatō (neuter nominative singular strong)
sinjō (neuter nominative plural strong)
sinjanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
sinjanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
sinjǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
sinjōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
sinį (accusative neuter singular strong)
-jatō (accusative neuter singular strong)
sinjō (accusative neuter plural strong)
sinjas (genitive masculine singular strong)
sinis (genitive masculine singular strong)
sinjaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
sinjaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
sinjaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
sinjas (genitive neuter singular strong)
sinis (genitive neuter singular strong)
sinjaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
sinjammai (dative masculine singular strong)
sinjaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
sinjaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
sinjaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
sinjammai (dative neuter singular strong)
sinjaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
sinjanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
sinjaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
sinjaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
sinjaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
sinjanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
sinjaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
sinjô (masculine nominative singular weak)
sinjaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
sinjǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
sinjōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
sinjô (neuter nominative singular weak)
sinjōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
sinjanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
sinjanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
sinjōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
sinjōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
sinjô (accusative neuter singular weak)
sinjōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
sininiz (genitive masculine singular weak)
sinjanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
sinjōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
sinjōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
sininiz (genitive neuter singular weak)
sinjanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
sinini (dative masculine singular weak)
sinjammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
sinjōni (dative feminine singular weak)
sinjōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
sinini (dative neuter singular weak)
sinjammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
sininē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
sinjammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
sinjōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
sinjōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
sininē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
sinjammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

Old English: sine-, sin- (prefix)

Middle English: sin-, sen- (prefix)

English: sengreen (in one compound)

Old Frisian: sin, sin-

Old Saxon: sin, sin-

Old High German: sin-

desc

Middle High German: singrüene, sinhol, sinwel, sintvluot, sintvluz, sintvarwe, sintwāc

German: Sintflut; (archaic) Singrün

Old Norse: sina; sí-

Icelandic: sina

Norwegian: sina (dialectal)

Swedish: sina (dialectal)

Gothic: 𐍃𐌹𐌽𐌴𐌹𐌲𐍃 (sineigs); 𐍃𐌹𐌽𐌹𐍃𐍄𐌰 (sinista); 𐍃𐌹𐌽𐌹𐍃𐌺𐌰𐌻𐌺𐍃 (siniskalks)

From Proto-Indo-European *sénos (“of last year, old”). Cognate with Lithuanian sẽnas (“old, previous, ancient”), Latin senex (“old, aged, advanced in years; old man”).


mainiz

mainiz (masculine nominative singular strong)
mainijai (masculine nominative plural strong)
mainī (feminine nominative singular strong)
mainijôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
mainį (neuter nominative singular strong)
-jatō (neuter nominative singular strong)
mainijō (neuter nominative plural strong)
mainijanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
mainijanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
mainijǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
mainijōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
mainį (accusative neuter singular strong)
-jatō (accusative neuter singular strong)
mainijō (accusative neuter plural strong)
mainijas (genitive masculine singular strong)
mainīs (genitive masculine singular strong)
mainijaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
mainijaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
mainijaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
mainijas (genitive neuter singular strong)
mainīs (genitive neuter singular strong)
mainijaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
mainijammai (dative masculine singular strong)
mainijaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
mainijaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
mainijaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
mainijammai (dative neuter singular strong)
mainijaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
mainijanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
mainijaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
mainijaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
mainijaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
mainijanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
mainijaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
mainijô (masculine nominative singular weak)
mainijaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
mainijǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
mainijōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
mainijô (neuter nominative singular weak)
mainijōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
mainijanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
mainijanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
mainijōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
mainijōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
mainijô (accusative neuter singular weak)
mainijōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
mainīniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
mainijanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
mainijōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
mainijōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
mainīniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
mainijanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
mainīni (dative masculine singular weak)
mainijammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
mainijōni (dative feminine singular weak)
mainijōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
mainīni (dative neuter singular weak)
mainijammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
mainīnē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
mainijammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
mainijōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
mainijōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
mainīnē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
mainijammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

Old English: mǣne; mǣnsumian, mānsumian

Middle English: mene; mansen

Scots: mean, mein

English: mean; manse

Old Frisian: mēne; manda, monda

Saterland Frisian: mande

Old Dutch: *mēne, *meine

Middle Dutch: meen

From Proto-Indo-European *moynis (“common, mutual”), from Proto-Indo-European *mey- (“to change, exchange, interchange, swap, share in common”).