See swerdą in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*swerd"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *swerd\nOld English: sweord, suord, swyrd, swurd\nMiddle English: swerd, sword\nEnglish: sword\nScots: swuird, swerd, sword\nOld Frisian: swerd\nNorth Frisian: swird, Swiirt\nSylt: Swērt\nSaterland Frisian: Swäid, Swid\nWest Frisian: swurd\nOld Saxon: swerd\nMiddle Low German: swert\nGerman Low German: Sweerd, Schweerd, Schwert\nPlautdietsch: Schwieet\nOld Dutch: swert, suert\nMiddle Dutch: swert\nDutch: zwaard\nAfrikaans: swaard\nNegerhollands: sweerd\nLimburgish: zwerd\nWest Flemish: zwoard\nZealandic: zwaerd\nOld High German: swert\nMiddle High German: swert\nGerman: Schwert\nHunsrik: Schweert\nLuxembourgish: Schwäert\nVilamovian: świert\nYiddish: שווערד (shverd)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *swerd\nOld English: sweord, suord, swyrd, swurd\nMiddle English: swerd, sword\nEnglish: sword\nScots: swuird, swerd, sword\nOld Frisian: swerd\nNorth Frisian: swird, Swiirt\nSylt: Swērt\nSaterland Frisian: Swäid, Swid\nWest Frisian: swurd\nOld Saxon: swerd\nMiddle Low German: swert\nGerman Low German: Sweerd, Schweerd, Schwert\nPlautdietsch: Schwieet\nOld Dutch: swert, suert\nMiddle Dutch: swert\nDutch: zwaard\nAfrikaans: swaard\nNegerhollands: sweerd\nLimburgish: zwerd\nWest Flemish: zwoard\nZealandic: zwaerd\nOld High German: swert\nMiddle High German: swert\nGerman: Schwert\nHunsrik: Schweert\nLuxembourgish: Schwäert\nVilamovian: świert\nYiddish: שווערד (shverd)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "sverð"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: sverð\nIcelandic: sverð\nFaroese: svørð\nNorwegian Nynorsk: sverd; (dialectal) svørd\nNorwegian Bokmål: sverd\nOld Swedish: sværþ\nSwedish: svärd\nOld Danish: swærth\nDanish: sværd",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: sverð\nIcelandic: sverð\nFaroese: svørð\nNorwegian Nynorsk: sverd; (dialectal) svørd\nNorwegian Bokmål: sverd\nOld Swedish: sværþ\nSwedish: svärd\nOld Danish: swærth\nDanish: sværd"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*sw-er"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *sw-er",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "xlu",
"2": "",
"3": "",
"4": "sword",
"tr": "šiḫual-, šiwal-"
},
"expansion": "Luwian [script needed] (šiḫual-, šiwal-, “sword”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Nikolaev (2015) suggests derivation from Proto-Indo-European *sw-er, locative of *seh₂w- (“sharp”) (with a loss of *h₂ between *s and *w) and cognate to Luwian [script needed] (šiḫual-, šiwal-, “sword”), [script needed] (šiwa-, “sharp”). Derivation from Proto-Indo-European *swer- has been proposed, but is uncertain since all other descendants, such as *sweraną, only suggest an original meaning 'to ache, hurt, fester'.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "swerdą",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "swerdō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "swerdą",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "swerdō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "swerdą",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "swerdō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "swerdas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "swirdis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "swerdǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "swerdai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "swerdamaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "swerdō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "swerdamiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gem-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/swerdą",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "swerdô"
}
],
"glosses": [
"sword"
],
"id": "en-swerdą-gem-pro-noun-pExHse4k",
"links": [
[
"sword",
"sword"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "*heruz"
},
{
"word": "*mēkijaz"
},
{
"word": "*wibraz"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:swerdą",
"word": "*brandaz"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:swerdą",
"word": "*heruz"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:swerdą",
"word": "*mēkijaz"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:swerdą",
"word": "*wibraz"
}
],
"tags": [
"neuter",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈswer.ðɑ̃/"
}
],
"word": "swerdą"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"word": "swerdô"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*swerd"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *swerd\nOld English: sweord, suord, swyrd, swurd\nMiddle English: swerd, sword\nEnglish: sword\nScots: swuird, swerd, sword\nOld Frisian: swerd\nNorth Frisian: swird, Swiirt\nSylt: Swērt\nSaterland Frisian: Swäid, Swid\nWest Frisian: swurd\nOld Saxon: swerd\nMiddle Low German: swert\nGerman Low German: Sweerd, Schweerd, Schwert\nPlautdietsch: Schwieet\nOld Dutch: swert, suert\nMiddle Dutch: swert\nDutch: zwaard\nAfrikaans: swaard\nNegerhollands: sweerd\nLimburgish: zwerd\nWest Flemish: zwoard\nZealandic: zwaerd\nOld High German: swert\nMiddle High German: swert\nGerman: Schwert\nHunsrik: Schweert\nLuxembourgish: Schwäert\nVilamovian: świert\nYiddish: שווערד (shverd)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *swerd\nOld English: sweord, suord, swyrd, swurd\nMiddle English: swerd, sword\nEnglish: sword\nScots: swuird, swerd, sword\nOld Frisian: swerd\nNorth Frisian: swird, Swiirt\nSylt: Swērt\nSaterland Frisian: Swäid, Swid\nWest Frisian: swurd\nOld Saxon: swerd\nMiddle Low German: swert\nGerman Low German: Sweerd, Schweerd, Schwert\nPlautdietsch: Schwieet\nOld Dutch: swert, suert\nMiddle Dutch: swert\nDutch: zwaard\nAfrikaans: swaard\nNegerhollands: sweerd\nLimburgish: zwerd\nWest Flemish: zwoard\nZealandic: zwaerd\nOld High German: swert\nMiddle High German: swert\nGerman: Schwert\nHunsrik: Schweert\nLuxembourgish: Schwäert\nVilamovian: świert\nYiddish: שווערד (shverd)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "sverð"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: sverð\nIcelandic: sverð\nFaroese: svørð\nNorwegian Nynorsk: sverd; (dialectal) svørd\nNorwegian Bokmål: sverd\nOld Swedish: sværþ\nSwedish: svärd\nOld Danish: swærth\nDanish: sværd",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: sverð\nIcelandic: sverð\nFaroese: svørð\nNorwegian Nynorsk: sverd; (dialectal) svørd\nNorwegian Bokmål: sverd\nOld Swedish: sværþ\nSwedish: svärd\nOld Danish: swærth\nDanish: sværd"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*sw-er"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *sw-er",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "xlu",
"2": "",
"3": "",
"4": "sword",
"tr": "šiḫual-, šiwal-"
},
"expansion": "Luwian [script needed] (šiḫual-, šiwal-, “sword”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Nikolaev (2015) suggests derivation from Proto-Indo-European *sw-er, locative of *seh₂w- (“sharp”) (with a loss of *h₂ between *s and *w) and cognate to Luwian [script needed] (šiḫual-, šiwal-, “sword”), [script needed] (šiwa-, “sharp”). Derivation from Proto-Indo-European *swer- has been proposed, but is uncertain since all other descendants, such as *sweraną, only suggest an original meaning 'to ache, hurt, fester'.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "swerdą",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "swerdō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "swerdą",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "swerdō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "swerdą",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "swerdō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "swerdas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "swirdis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "swerdǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "swerdai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "swerdamaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "swerdō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "swerdamiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gem-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/swerdą",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Germanic a-stem nouns",
"Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-Germanic neuter nouns",
"Proto-Germanic nouns",
"Proto-Germanic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Requests for native script for Luwian terms",
"gem-pro:Weapons"
],
"glosses": [
"sword"
],
"links": [
[
"sword",
"sword"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "*heruz"
},
{
"word": "*mēkijaz"
},
{
"word": "*wibraz"
}
],
"tags": [
"neuter",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈswer.ðɑ̃/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"source": "Thesaurus:swerdą",
"word": "*brandaz"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:swerdą",
"word": "*heruz"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:swerdą",
"word": "*mēkijaz"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:swerdą",
"word": "*wibraz"
}
],
"word": "swerdą"
}
Download raw JSONL data for swerdą meaning in Proto-Germanic (5.0kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-15 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (8a39820 and 4401a4c). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.