See stūpaną in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "to make fall",
"word": "staupijaną"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*stūpan"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *stūpan",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *stūpan"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "*stūpan"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch: *stūpan",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Dutch: *stūpan"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "stupen"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch: stupen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Dutch: stupen"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "stuipen"
},
"expansion": "Dutch: stuipen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Dutch: stuipen"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "stūpian"
},
"expansion": "Old English: stūpian\nMiddle English: stoupen, stoup, stoupe, stowpe, stowppe, stupen, stupin (Early Middle English), stoupi (Kent)\nEnglish: stoop (obsolete stoup)\nMiddle Scots: stoup",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old English: stūpian\nMiddle English: stoupen, stoup, stoupe, stowpe, stowppe, stupen, stupin (Early Middle English), stoupi (Kent)\nEnglish: stoop (obsolete stoup)\nMiddle Scots: stoup"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "stúpa"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: stúpa",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: stúpa"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "stúpa"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic: stúpa",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Icelandic: stúpa"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Norwegian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Bokmål: stupe"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Nynorsk: stupa, stupe"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "stupa"
},
"expansion": "Swedish: stupa",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Swedish: stupa"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "pre-Germanic",
"name": "pre-Germanic"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "stupeō",
"3": "",
"4": "to be stunned"
},
"expansion": "Latin stupeō (“to be stunned”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*stubbô"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *stubbô",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "ystum",
"t": "a bend, turn"
},
"expansion": "Welsh ystum (“a bend, turn”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "br",
"2": "stumm",
"t": "idem"
},
"expansion": "Breton stumm (“idem”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Related to *staupaz (“steep”) and *staupijaną (“to pour”), thus seeming to reflect a pre-Germanic root *stewb-. However, the rarity of *b in Proto-Indo-European and cognates such as Latin stupeō (“to be stunned”) make it more likely that the root was *stewp- (“to push, hit, knock”) with a semantic shift to “fall (over)”, and so Germanic *steup-, *stūp- could have been back-formed from earlier *stupp-, from pre-Germanic *stup-né(h₂)-; this process has been used to explain many other instances of root-final *p in Germanic. Compare also Proto-Germanic *stubbô, *stubbaz (“stump, stub”).\nKroonen derives the Germanic from a homophonous root *stewp- (“to stoop, bend”), implicitly considering it etymologically separate from the \"push, hit\" sense above, and adduces only Welsh ystum (“a bend, turn”), Breton stumm (“idem”) as cognates.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "strong",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-conj-st",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "2",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "stūpō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"indicative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "stūpaų",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"imperative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "stūpai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"passive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"passive",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "stūpizi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "stūpaiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "stūp",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"imperative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "stūpazai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"passive",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "stūpaizau",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"passive",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "stūpidi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "stūpai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "stūpadau",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"imperative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "stūpadai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"passive",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "stūpaidau",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"passive",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "stūpōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"dual",
"first-person",
"indicative"
]
},
{
"form": "stūpaiw",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"dual",
"first-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"dual",
"first-person",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"first-person",
"indicative",
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"first-person",
"passive",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "stūpadiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"dual",
"indicative",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "stūpaidiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"dual",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "stūpadiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"dual",
"imperative",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"indicative",
"passive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"passive",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "stūpamaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"indicative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "stūpaim",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"imperative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "stūpandai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"passive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "stūpaindau",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"passive",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "stūpid",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "stūpaid",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "stūpid",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"imperative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "stūpandai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"passive",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "stūpaindau",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"passive",
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "stūpandi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "stūpain",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "stūpandau",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"imperative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "stūpandai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"passive",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "stūpaindau",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"passive",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "staup",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"indicative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "stupį̄",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "stauft",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "stupīz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "staup",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "stupī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "stupū",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"dual",
"first-person",
"indicative"
]
},
{
"form": "stupīw",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"dual",
"first-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "stupudiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"dual",
"indicative",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "stupīdiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"dual",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "stupum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"indicative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "stupīm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "stupud",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "stupīd",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "stupun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "stupīn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "stūpandz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "stupanaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"participle",
"past",
"subjunctive"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "stūp",
"2": "staup",
"3": "stup",
"4": "stup",
"class": "2"
},
"name": "gem-conj-st"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/stūpaną",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "stūpāną"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "stūpōną"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to stoop"
],
"id": "en-stūpaną-gem-pro-verb--6LPC~G8",
"links": [
[
"stoop",
"stoop"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "30 70",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "26 74",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "33 67",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to fall down, swoop down"
],
"id": "en-stūpaną-gem-pro-verb-B3kf0qhY",
"links": [
[
"fall down",
"fall down"
],
[
"swoop",
"swoop"
],
[
"down",
"down"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈstuː.pɑ.nɑ̃/"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers",
"Germanic parent language",
"Proto-Indo-European phonology#Labials and coronals"
],
"word": "stūpaną"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Germanic class 2 strong verbs",
"Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-Germanic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Germanic verbs"
],
"derived": [
{
"english": "to make fall",
"word": "staupijaną"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*stūpan"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *stūpan",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *stūpan"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "*stūpan"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch: *stūpan",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Dutch: *stūpan"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "stupen"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch: stupen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Dutch: stupen"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "stuipen"
},
"expansion": "Dutch: stuipen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Dutch: stuipen"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "stūpian"
},
"expansion": "Old English: stūpian\nMiddle English: stoupen, stoup, stoupe, stowpe, stowppe, stupen, stupin (Early Middle English), stoupi (Kent)\nEnglish: stoop (obsolete stoup)\nMiddle Scots: stoup",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old English: stūpian\nMiddle English: stoupen, stoup, stoupe, stowpe, stowppe, stupen, stupin (Early Middle English), stoupi (Kent)\nEnglish: stoop (obsolete stoup)\nMiddle Scots: stoup"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "stúpa"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: stúpa",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: stúpa"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "stúpa"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic: stúpa",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Icelandic: stúpa"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Norwegian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Bokmål: stupe"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Nynorsk: stupa, stupe"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "stupa"
},
"expansion": "Swedish: stupa",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Swedish: stupa"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "pre-Germanic",
"name": "pre-Germanic"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "stupeō",
"3": "",
"4": "to be stunned"
},
"expansion": "Latin stupeō (“to be stunned”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*stubbô"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *stubbô",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "ystum",
"t": "a bend, turn"
},
"expansion": "Welsh ystum (“a bend, turn”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "br",
"2": "stumm",
"t": "idem"
},
"expansion": "Breton stumm (“idem”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Related to *staupaz (“steep”) and *staupijaną (“to pour”), thus seeming to reflect a pre-Germanic root *stewb-. However, the rarity of *b in Proto-Indo-European and cognates such as Latin stupeō (“to be stunned”) make it more likely that the root was *stewp- (“to push, hit, knock”) with a semantic shift to “fall (over)”, and so Germanic *steup-, *stūp- could have been back-formed from earlier *stupp-, from pre-Germanic *stup-né(h₂)-; this process has been used to explain many other instances of root-final *p in Germanic. Compare also Proto-Germanic *stubbô, *stubbaz (“stump, stub”).\nKroonen derives the Germanic from a homophonous root *stewp- (“to stoop, bend”), implicitly considering it etymologically separate from the \"push, hit\" sense above, and adduces only Welsh ystum (“a bend, turn”), Breton stumm (“idem”) as cognates.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "strong",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-conj-st",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "2",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "stūpō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"indicative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "stūpaų",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"imperative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "stūpai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"passive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"passive",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "stūpizi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "stūpaiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "stūp",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"imperative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "stūpazai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"passive",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "stūpaizau",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"passive",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "stūpidi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "stūpai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "stūpadau",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"imperative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "stūpadai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"passive",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "stūpaidau",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"passive",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "stūpōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"dual",
"first-person",
"indicative"
]
},
{
"form": "stūpaiw",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"dual",
"first-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"dual",
"first-person",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"first-person",
"indicative",
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"first-person",
"passive",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "stūpadiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"dual",
"indicative",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "stūpaidiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"dual",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "stūpadiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"dual",
"imperative",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"indicative",
"passive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"passive",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "stūpamaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"indicative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "stūpaim",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"imperative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "stūpandai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"passive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "stūpaindau",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"passive",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "stūpid",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "stūpaid",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "stūpid",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"imperative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "stūpandai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"passive",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "stūpaindau",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"passive",
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "stūpandi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "stūpain",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "stūpandau",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"imperative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "stūpandai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"passive",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "stūpaindau",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"passive",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "staup",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"indicative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "stupį̄",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "stauft",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "stupīz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "staup",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "stupī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "stupū",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"dual",
"first-person",
"indicative"
]
},
{
"form": "stupīw",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"dual",
"first-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "stupudiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"dual",
"indicative",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "stupīdiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"dual",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "stupum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"indicative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "stupīm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "stupud",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "stupīd",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "stupun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "stupīn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "stūpandz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "stupanaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"participle",
"past",
"subjunctive"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "stūp",
"2": "staup",
"3": "stup",
"4": "stup",
"class": "2"
},
"name": "gem-conj-st"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/stūpaną",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"word": "stūpāną"
},
{
"word": "stūpōną"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to stoop"
],
"links": [
[
"stoop",
"stoop"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to fall down, swoop down"
],
"links": [
[
"fall down",
"fall down"
],
[
"swoop",
"swoop"
],
[
"down",
"down"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈstuː.pɑ.nɑ̃/"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers",
"Germanic parent language",
"Proto-Indo-European phonology#Labials and coronals"
],
"word": "stūpaną"
}
Download raw JSONL data for stūpaną meaning in Proto-Germanic (10.6kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-10 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-01 using wiktextract (df33d17 and 4ed51a5). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.