See spōk in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for spōk meaning in Proto-Germanic (4.0kB)
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "spōk"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian: spōk",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Frisian: spōk"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "frr",
"2": "Spook"
},
"expansion": "North Frisian: Spook",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "North Frisian: Spook"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "*spōk"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon: *spōk",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Saxon: *spōk"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "spôk"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German: spôk",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Low German: spôk"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nds-de",
"2": "spok"
},
"expansion": "German Low German: spok",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "German Low German: spok"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Spuk",
"3": "Spökes",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ German: Spuk, Spökes",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ German: Spuk, Spökes"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "spøge",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Danish: spøge",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Danish: spøge"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "*spōk"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch: *spōk",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Dutch: *spōk"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "spoke",
"3": "spooce"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch: spoke, spooce",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Dutch: spoke, spooce"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "spook"
},
"expansion": "Dutch: spook",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Dutch: spook"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "spook",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ English: spook",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ English: spook"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "spjok"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian: spjok",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Norwegian: spjok (< Middle Low German?)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "spöke"
},
"expansion": "Swedish: spöke",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Swedish: spöke"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro"
},
"expansion": "Unknown",
"name": "unk"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "spīgana",
"t": "dragon, witch"
},
"expansion": "Latvian spīgana (“dragon, witch”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "spingėti",
"t": "to shine"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian spingėti (“to shine”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "prg",
"2": "spanxti",
"t": "spark"
},
"expansion": "Old Prussian spanxti (“spark”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*(s)pāuǵ-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *(s)pāuǵ-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "qfa-sub",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "substrate",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Unknown. According to Klein, from a Proto-Indo-European source shared with Latvian spīgana (“dragon, witch”), Lithuanian spingėti (“to shine”), Old Prussian spanxti (“spark”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)pāuǵ-, *(s)pāug- (“to shine, spark; brilliance, spectre”), though the vowels make this less plausible. It could otherwise have been borrowed from a substrate language in the area where Low German/Dutch was spoken. Compare *pūkô.",
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/spōk",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "83 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"spook, ghost, apparition"
],
"id": "en-spōk-gem-pro-noun-e40XKAIA",
"links": [
[
"spook",
"spook"
],
[
"ghost",
"ghost"
],
[
"apparition",
"apparition"
]
],
"tags": [
"neuter",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"witchcraft, wizardry"
],
"id": "en-spōk-gem-pro-noun-vO6TAclv",
"links": [
[
"witchcraft",
"witchcraft"
],
[
"wizardry",
"wizardry"
]
],
"tags": [
"neuter",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "spōk"
}
{
"categories": [
"Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-Germanic neuter nouns",
"Proto-Germanic nouns",
"Proto-Germanic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Germanic terms derived from substrate languages",
"Proto-Germanic terms with unknown etymologies",
"gem-pro:Mythology"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "spōk"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian: spōk",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Frisian: spōk"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "frr",
"2": "Spook"
},
"expansion": "North Frisian: Spook",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "North Frisian: Spook"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "*spōk"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon: *spōk",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Saxon: *spōk"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "spôk"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German: spôk",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Low German: spôk"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nds-de",
"2": "spok"
},
"expansion": "German Low German: spok",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "German Low German: spok"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Spuk",
"3": "Spökes",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ German: Spuk, Spökes",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ German: Spuk, Spökes"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "spøge",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Danish: spøge",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Danish: spøge"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "*spōk"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch: *spōk",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Dutch: *spōk"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "spoke",
"3": "spooce"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch: spoke, spooce",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Dutch: spoke, spooce"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "spook"
},
"expansion": "Dutch: spook",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Dutch: spook"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "spook",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ English: spook",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ English: spook"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "spjok"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian: spjok",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Norwegian: spjok (< Middle Low German?)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "spöke"
},
"expansion": "Swedish: spöke",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Swedish: spöke"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro"
},
"expansion": "Unknown",
"name": "unk"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "spīgana",
"t": "dragon, witch"
},
"expansion": "Latvian spīgana (“dragon, witch”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "spingėti",
"t": "to shine"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian spingėti (“to shine”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "prg",
"2": "spanxti",
"t": "spark"
},
"expansion": "Old Prussian spanxti (“spark”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*(s)pāuǵ-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *(s)pāuǵ-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "qfa-sub",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "substrate",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Unknown. According to Klein, from a Proto-Indo-European source shared with Latvian spīgana (“dragon, witch”), Lithuanian spingėti (“to shine”), Old Prussian spanxti (“spark”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)pāuǵ-, *(s)pāug- (“to shine, spark; brilliance, spectre”), though the vowels make this less plausible. It could otherwise have been borrowed from a substrate language in the area where Low German/Dutch was spoken. Compare *pūkô.",
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/spōk",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"spook, ghost, apparition"
],
"links": [
[
"spook",
"spook"
],
[
"ghost",
"ghost"
],
[
"apparition",
"apparition"
]
],
"tags": [
"neuter",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"witchcraft, wizardry"
],
"links": [
[
"witchcraft",
"witchcraft"
],
[
"wizardry",
"wizardry"
]
],
"tags": [
"neuter",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "spōk"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-06-19 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-06-06 using wiktextract (372f256 and 664a3bc). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.