See slūm- in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "sluma"
},
"expansion": "Old English: sluma",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old English: sluma; *slumian"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "slume",
"3": "sloumbe"
},
"expansion": "Middle English: slume, sloumbe",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle English: slume, sloumbe; slumen; slumeren, slomren, slombren"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "sloum",
"3": "sloom",
"4": "sluim"
},
"expansion": "Scots: sloum, sloom, sluim",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: sloum, sloom, sluim; slummer"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "sloom"
},
"expansion": "English: sloom",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: sloom; slumber"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "*slumerja*",
"alt": "slūmerja"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian: slūmerja",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Frisian: slūmerja"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "stq",
"2": "slummerje"
},
"expansion": "Saterland Frisian: slummerje",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Saterland Frisian: slummerje"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "slûmerje",
"3": "slommerje"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian: slûmerje, slommerje",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "West Frisian: slûmerje, slommerje"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "*slumōn"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon: *slumōn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Saxon: *slumōn"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "slomen",
"3": "slommen"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German: slomen, slommen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Low German: slomen, slommen; slummeren, slȫmeren"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "frk",
"2": "*slūmijan"
},
"expansion": "Frankish: *slūmijan",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Frankish: *slūmijan"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "*slumen"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch: *slumen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Dutch: *slumen"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "slumen",
"alt": "slūmen"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch: slūmen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Dutch: slūmen; slūmeren"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "sluimeren"
},
"expansion": "Dutch: sluimeren",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Dutch: sluimeren; sloom"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "af",
"2": "sluimer"
},
"expansion": "Afrikaans: sluimer",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Afrikaans: sluimer"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "esclumir",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Old French: esclumir",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Old Picard"
},
"expansion": "(Old Picard)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "→ Old French: esclumir (Old Picard)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "*slūmēn"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: *slūmēn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: *slūmēn"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "slummen"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German: slummen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle High German: slummen; slumern, slummern"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "schlummen"
},
"expansion": "German: schlummen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "German: schlummen; schlummern"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "*slumr"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: *slumr",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: *slumr"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "slum"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian: slum",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Norwegian: slum; slumen; sluma (dialectal)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "slum"
},
"expansion": "Danish: slum",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Danish: slum"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*(s)lew-",
"4": "",
"5": "slack, loose, limp, flabby"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *(s)lew- (“slack, loose, limp, flabby”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From base *slū-, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)lew- (“slack, loose, limp, flabby”).",
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/slūm-",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "slūmaz"
},
{
"word": "slūmijaną"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A stem meaning: slack, loose, limp, flabby"
],
"id": "en-slūm--gem-pro-verb-hPs~BhKl",
"links": [
[
"slack",
"slack"
],
[
"loose",
"loose"
],
[
"limp",
"limp"
],
[
"flabby",
"flabby"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "slūm-"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"word": "slūmaz"
},
{
"word": "slūmijaną"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "sluma"
},
"expansion": "Old English: sluma",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old English: sluma; *slumian"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "slume",
"3": "sloumbe"
},
"expansion": "Middle English: slume, sloumbe",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle English: slume, sloumbe; slumen; slumeren, slomren, slombren"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "sloum",
"3": "sloom",
"4": "sluim"
},
"expansion": "Scots: sloum, sloom, sluim",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: sloum, sloom, sluim; slummer"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "sloom"
},
"expansion": "English: sloom",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: sloom; slumber"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "*slumerja*",
"alt": "slūmerja"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian: slūmerja",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Frisian: slūmerja"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "stq",
"2": "slummerje"
},
"expansion": "Saterland Frisian: slummerje",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Saterland Frisian: slummerje"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "slûmerje",
"3": "slommerje"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian: slûmerje, slommerje",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "West Frisian: slûmerje, slommerje"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "*slumōn"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon: *slumōn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Saxon: *slumōn"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "slomen",
"3": "slommen"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German: slomen, slommen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Low German: slomen, slommen; slummeren, slȫmeren"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "frk",
"2": "*slūmijan"
},
"expansion": "Frankish: *slūmijan",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Frankish: *slūmijan"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "*slumen"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch: *slumen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Dutch: *slumen"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "slumen",
"alt": "slūmen"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch: slūmen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Dutch: slūmen; slūmeren"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "sluimeren"
},
"expansion": "Dutch: sluimeren",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Dutch: sluimeren; sloom"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "af",
"2": "sluimer"
},
"expansion": "Afrikaans: sluimer",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Afrikaans: sluimer"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "esclumir",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Old French: esclumir",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Old Picard"
},
"expansion": "(Old Picard)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "→ Old French: esclumir (Old Picard)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "*slūmēn"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: *slūmēn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: *slūmēn"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "slummen"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German: slummen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle High German: slummen; slumern, slummern"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "schlummen"
},
"expansion": "German: schlummen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "German: schlummen; schlummern"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "*slumr"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: *slumr",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: *slumr"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "slum"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian: slum",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Norwegian: slum; slumen; sluma (dialectal)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "slum"
},
"expansion": "Danish: slum",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Danish: slum"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*(s)lew-",
"4": "",
"5": "slack, loose, limp, flabby"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *(s)lew- (“slack, loose, limp, flabby”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From base *slū-, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)lew- (“slack, loose, limp, flabby”).",
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/slūm-",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-Germanic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Germanic verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"A stem meaning: slack, loose, limp, flabby"
],
"links": [
[
"slack",
"slack"
],
[
"loose",
"loose"
],
[
"limp",
"limp"
],
[
"flabby",
"flabby"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "slūm-"
}
Download raw JSONL data for slūm- meaning in Proto-Germanic (4.5kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-15 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (8a39820 and 4401a4c). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.