"skiftijaną" meaning in Proto-Germanic

See skiftijaną in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Verb

IPA: /ˈskiɸ.ti.jɑ.nɑ̃/
Etymology: From earlier *skiptijaną, from yet earlier *skipatjaną, from Proto-Indo-European *skeyb- (“to separate, divide, part”), from Proto-Indo-European *skēy- (“to cut, divide, separate, part”) + *-atjaną. Etymology templates: {{der|gem-pro|ine-pro|*skeyb-||to separate, divide, part}} Proto-Indo-European *skeyb- (“to separate, divide, part”), {{der|gem-pro|ine-pro|*skēy-||to cut, divide, separate, part}} Proto-Indo-European *skēy- (“to cut, divide, separate, part”), {{suffix|gem-pro||*atjaną|nocat=1}} + *-atjaną Inflection templates: {{gem-conj-wk1|skift|j=ij}} Forms: weak [table-tags], skiftijō [active, first-person, indicative, singular], skiftijaų [active, first-person, singular, subjunctive], - [active, first-person, imperative, singular], skiftijai [first-person, indicative, passive, singular], - [first-person, passive, singular, subjunctive], skiftīsi [active, indicative, second-person, singular], skiftijais [active, second-person, singular, subjunctive], skiftī [active, imperative, second-person, singular], skiftijasai [indicative, passive, second-person, singular], skiftijaisau [passive, second-person, singular, subjunctive], skiftīþi [active, indicative, singular, third-person], skiftijai [active, singular, subjunctive, third-person], skiftijaþau [active, imperative, singular, third-person], skiftijaþai [indicative, passive, singular, third-person], skiftijaiþau [passive, singular, subjunctive, third-person], skiftijōs [active, dual, first-person, indicative], skiftijaiw [active, dual, first-person, subjunctive], - [active, dual, first-person, imperative], - [dual, first-person, indicative, passive], - [dual, first-person, passive, subjunctive], skiftijaþiz [active, dual, indicative, second-person], skiftijaiþiz [active, dual, second-person, subjunctive], skiftijaþiz [active, dual, imperative, second-person], - [dual, indicative, passive, second-person], - [dual, passive, second-person, subjunctive], skiftijamaz [active, first-person, indicative, plural], skiftijaim [active, first-person, plural, subjunctive], - [active, first-person, imperative, plural], skiftijanþai [first-person, indicative, passive, plural], skiftijainþau [first-person, passive, plural, subjunctive], skiftīþ [active, indicative, plural, second-person], skiftijaiþ [active, plural, second-person, subjunctive], skiftīþ [active, imperative, plural, second-person], skiftijanþai [indicative, passive, plural, second-person], skiftijainþau [passive, plural, second-person, subjunctive], skiftijanþi [active, indicative, plural, third-person], skiftijain [active, plural, subjunctive, third-person], skiftijanþau [active, imperative, plural, third-person], skiftijanþai [indicative, passive, plural, third-person], skiftijainþau [passive, plural, subjunctive, third-person], skiftidǭ [active, first-person, indicative, singular], skiftidēdį̄ [active, first-person, singular, subjunctive], skiftidēz [active, indicative, second-person, singular], skiftidēdīz [active, second-person, singular, subjunctive], skiftidē [active, indicative, singular, third-person], skiftidēdī [active, singular, subjunctive, third-person], skiftidēdū [active, dual, first-person, indicative], skiftidēdīw [active, dual, first-person, subjunctive], skiftidēdudiz [active, dual, indicative, second-person], skiftidēdīdiz [active, dual, second-person, subjunctive], skiftidēdum [active, first-person, indicative, plural], skiftidēdīm [active, first-person, plural, subjunctive], skiftidēdud [active, indicative, plural, second-person], skiftidēdīd [active, plural, second-person, subjunctive], skiftidēdun [active, indicative, plural, third-person], skiftidēdīn [active, plural, subjunctive, third-person], skiftijandz [active, participle, present], skiftidaz [active, participle, past, subjunctive]
  1. To put in order; organise; arrange. Tags: reconstruction Related terms: skipōną
    Sense id: en-skiftijaną-gem-pro-verb-52DbL52W Categories (other): Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header

Download JSON data for skiftijaną meaning in Proto-Germanic (11.9kB)

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ang",
            "2": "sċiftan",
            "3": "*sċieftan",
            "4": "sċyftan"
          },
          "expansion": "Old English: sċiftan, *sċieftan, sċyftan",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old English: sċiftan, *sċieftan, sċyftan"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "enm",
            "2": "schiften"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle English: schiften",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle English: schiften"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sco",
            "2": "schift",
            "3": "shift"
          },
          "expansion": "Scots: schift, shift",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Scots: schift, shift"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "en",
            "2": "shift"
          },
          "expansion": "English: shift",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "English: shift"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "vi",
            "2": "quần chíp",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Vietnamese: quần chíp",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Vietnamese: quần chíp"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ofs",
            "2": "skifta",
            "3": "skiffa"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Frisian: skifta, skiffa",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Frisian: skifta, skiffa"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "fy",
            "2": "skifte",
            "3": "skiftsje"
          },
          "expansion": "West Frisian: skifte, skiftsje",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "West Frisian: skifte, skiftsje"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "osx",
            "2": "*skiftian"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Saxon: *skiftian",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Saxon: *skiftian"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gml",
            "2": "schiften",
            "3": "schichten"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle Low German: schiften, schichten",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle Low German: schiften, schichten"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "nds-de",
            "2": "schichten"
          },
          "expansion": "German Low German: schichten",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "German Low German: schichten"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gmh",
            "2": "schihten",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Middle High German: schihten",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "northern"
          },
          "expansion": "(northern)",
          "name": "q"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Middle High German: schihten (northern)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "de",
            "2": "schichten"
          },
          "expansion": "German: schichten",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "German: schichten"
    },
    {
      "depth": 5,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "lb",
            "2": "schichten",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Luxembourgish: schichten",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Luxembourgish: schichten"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "odt",
            "2": "*skiften"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Dutch: *skiften",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Dutch: *skiften"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "dum",
            "2": "sciften",
            "3": "scichten",
            "4": "schiften",
            "5": "schiffen",
            "6": "schichten"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle Dutch: sciften, scichten, schiften, schiffen, schichten",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle Dutch: sciften, scichten, schiften, schiffen, schichten"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "nl",
            "2": "schiften"
          },
          "expansion": "Dutch: schiften",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Dutch: schiften"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "non",
            "2": "skipta"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Norse: skipta",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Norse: skipta"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "is",
            "2": "skipta",
            "3": "skifta"
          },
          "expansion": "Icelandic: skipta, skifta",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Icelandic: skipta, skifta"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "no",
            "2": "skifte"
          },
          "expansion": "Norwegian: skifte",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Norwegian: skifte"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gmq-osw",
            "2": "skipta"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Swedish: skipta",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Swedish: skipta"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sv",
            "2": "skifta"
          },
          "expansion": "Swedish: skifta",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Swedish: skifta"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "da",
            "2": "skifte"
          },
          "expansion": "Danish: skifte",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Danish: skifte"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sco",
            "2": "skift",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Scots: skift",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Scots: skift"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*skeyb-",
        "4": "",
        "5": "to separate, divide, part"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *skeyb- (“to separate, divide, part”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*skēy-",
        "4": "",
        "5": "to cut, divide, separate, part"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *skēy- (“to cut, divide, separate, part”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "",
        "3": "*atjaną",
        "nocat": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "+ *-atjaną",
      "name": "suffix"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From earlier *skiptijaną, from yet earlier *skipatjaną, from Proto-Indo-European *skeyb- (“to separate, divide, part”), from Proto-Indo-European *skēy- (“to cut, divide, separate, part”) + *-atjaną.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "weak",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gem-conj-wk1",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "1",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skiftijō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skiftijaų",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skiftijai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "passive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "passive",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skiftīsi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skiftijais",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skiftī",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "imperative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skiftijasai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "passive",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skiftijaisau",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "passive",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skiftīþi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skiftijai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skiftijaþau",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "imperative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skiftijaþai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "passive",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skiftijaiþau",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "passive",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skiftijōs",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "indicative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skiftijaiw",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "passive",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skiftijaþiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "indicative",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skiftijaiþiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skiftijaþiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "imperative",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "indicative",
        "passive",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "passive",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skiftijamaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skiftijaim",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skiftijanþai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "passive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skiftijainþau",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "passive",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skiftīþ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skiftijaiþ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skiftīþ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skiftijanþai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "passive",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skiftijainþau",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "passive",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skiftijanþi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skiftijain",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skiftijanþau",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skiftijanþai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "passive",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skiftijainþau",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "passive",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skiftidǭ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skiftidēdį̄",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skiftidēz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skiftidēdīz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skiftidē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skiftidēdī",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skiftidēdū",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "indicative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skiftidēdīw",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skiftidēdudiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "indicative",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skiftidēdīdiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skiftidēdum",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skiftidēdīm",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skiftidēdud",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skiftidēdīd",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skiftidēdun",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skiftidēdīn",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skiftijandz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skiftidaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "participle",
        "past",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "skift",
        "j": "ij"
      },
      "name": "gem-conj-wk1"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Germanic",
  "lang_code": "gem-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/skiftijaną",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To put in order; organise; arrange."
      ],
      "id": "en-skiftijaną-gem-pro-verb-52DbL52W",
      "links": [
        [
          "order",
          "order"
        ],
        [
          "organise",
          "organise"
        ],
        [
          "arrange",
          "arrange"
        ]
      ],
      "related": [
        {
          "word": "skipōną"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈskiɸ.ti.jɑ.nɑ̃/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "skiftijaną"
}
{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ang",
            "2": "sċiftan",
            "3": "*sċieftan",
            "4": "sċyftan"
          },
          "expansion": "Old English: sċiftan, *sċieftan, sċyftan",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old English: sċiftan, *sċieftan, sċyftan"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "enm",
            "2": "schiften"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle English: schiften",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle English: schiften"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sco",
            "2": "schift",
            "3": "shift"
          },
          "expansion": "Scots: schift, shift",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Scots: schift, shift"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "en",
            "2": "shift"
          },
          "expansion": "English: shift",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "English: shift"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "vi",
            "2": "quần chíp",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Vietnamese: quần chíp",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Vietnamese: quần chíp"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ofs",
            "2": "skifta",
            "3": "skiffa"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Frisian: skifta, skiffa",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Frisian: skifta, skiffa"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "fy",
            "2": "skifte",
            "3": "skiftsje"
          },
          "expansion": "West Frisian: skifte, skiftsje",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "West Frisian: skifte, skiftsje"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "osx",
            "2": "*skiftian"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Saxon: *skiftian",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Saxon: *skiftian"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gml",
            "2": "schiften",
            "3": "schichten"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle Low German: schiften, schichten",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle Low German: schiften, schichten"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "nds-de",
            "2": "schichten"
          },
          "expansion": "German Low German: schichten",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "German Low German: schichten"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gmh",
            "2": "schihten",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Middle High German: schihten",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "northern"
          },
          "expansion": "(northern)",
          "name": "q"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Middle High German: schihten (northern)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "de",
            "2": "schichten"
          },
          "expansion": "German: schichten",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "German: schichten"
    },
    {
      "depth": 5,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "lb",
            "2": "schichten",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Luxembourgish: schichten",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Luxembourgish: schichten"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "odt",
            "2": "*skiften"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Dutch: *skiften",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Dutch: *skiften"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "dum",
            "2": "sciften",
            "3": "scichten",
            "4": "schiften",
            "5": "schiffen",
            "6": "schichten"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle Dutch: sciften, scichten, schiften, schiffen, schichten",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle Dutch: sciften, scichten, schiften, schiffen, schichten"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "nl",
            "2": "schiften"
          },
          "expansion": "Dutch: schiften",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Dutch: schiften"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "non",
            "2": "skipta"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Norse: skipta",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Norse: skipta"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "is",
            "2": "skipta",
            "3": "skifta"
          },
          "expansion": "Icelandic: skipta, skifta",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Icelandic: skipta, skifta"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "no",
            "2": "skifte"
          },
          "expansion": "Norwegian: skifte",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Norwegian: skifte"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gmq-osw",
            "2": "skipta"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Swedish: skipta",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Swedish: skipta"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sv",
            "2": "skifta"
          },
          "expansion": "Swedish: skifta",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Swedish: skifta"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "da",
            "2": "skifte"
          },
          "expansion": "Danish: skifte",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Danish: skifte"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sco",
            "2": "skift",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Scots: skift",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Scots: skift"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*skeyb-",
        "4": "",
        "5": "to separate, divide, part"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *skeyb- (“to separate, divide, part”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*skēy-",
        "4": "",
        "5": "to cut, divide, separate, part"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *skēy- (“to cut, divide, separate, part”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "",
        "3": "*atjaną",
        "nocat": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "+ *-atjaną",
      "name": "suffix"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From earlier *skiptijaną, from yet earlier *skipatjaną, from Proto-Indo-European *skeyb- (“to separate, divide, part”), from Proto-Indo-European *skēy- (“to cut, divide, separate, part”) + *-atjaną.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "weak",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gem-conj-wk1",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "1",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skiftijō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skiftijaų",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skiftijai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "passive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "passive",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skiftīsi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skiftijais",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skiftī",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "imperative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skiftijasai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "passive",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skiftijaisau",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "passive",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skiftīþi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skiftijai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skiftijaþau",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "imperative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skiftijaþai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "passive",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skiftijaiþau",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "passive",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skiftijōs",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "indicative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skiftijaiw",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "passive",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skiftijaþiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "indicative",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skiftijaiþiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skiftijaþiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "imperative",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "indicative",
        "passive",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "passive",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skiftijamaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skiftijaim",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skiftijanþai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "passive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skiftijainþau",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "passive",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skiftīþ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skiftijaiþ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skiftīþ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skiftijanþai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "passive",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skiftijainþau",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "passive",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skiftijanþi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skiftijain",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skiftijanþau",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skiftijanþai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "passive",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skiftijainþau",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "passive",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skiftidǭ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skiftidēdį̄",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skiftidēz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skiftidēdīz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skiftidē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skiftidēdī",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skiftidēdū",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "indicative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skiftidēdīw",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skiftidēdudiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "indicative",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skiftidēdīdiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skiftidēdum",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skiftidēdīm",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skiftidēdud",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skiftidēdīd",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skiftidēdun",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skiftidēdīn",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skiftijandz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skiftidaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "participle",
        "past",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "skift",
        "j": "ij"
      },
      "name": "gem-conj-wk1"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Germanic",
  "lang_code": "gem-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/skiftijaną",
  "pos": "verb",
  "related": [
    {
      "word": "skipōną"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Proto-Germanic class 1 weak verbs",
        "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
        "Proto-Germanic lemmas",
        "Proto-Germanic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
        "Proto-Germanic terms with IPA pronunciation",
        "Proto-Germanic verbs"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To put in order; organise; arrange."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "order",
          "order"
        ],
        [
          "organise",
          "organise"
        ],
        [
          "arrange",
          "arrange"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈskiɸ.ti.jɑ.nɑ̃/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "skiftijaną"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-06-04 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (e9e0a99 and db5a844). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.