"rukkōną" meaning in Proto-Germanic

See rukkōną in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Verb

IPA: /ˈruk.kɔː.nɑ̃/
Etymology: From Pre-Germanic *Hruknéh₂-, possibly from Proto-Indo-European *h₃rewk- (“to dig up”), from *Hrew-. Cognate with Latin runcō (“to weed”, verb). Etymology templates: {{der|gem-pro|ine-pro|*h₃rewk-||to dig up}} Proto-Indo-European *h₃rewk- (“to dig up”), {{cog|la|runcō||to weed|pos=verb}} Latin runcō (“to weed”, verb) Inflection templates: {{gem-conj-wk2|rukk}} Forms: weak [table-tags], rukkō [active, first-person, indicative, singular], rukkǭ [active, first-person, singular, subjunctive], - [active, first-person, imperative, singular], rukkōi [first-person, indicative, passive, singular], - [first-person, passive, singular, subjunctive], rukkōsi [active, indicative, second-person, singular], rukkōs [active, second-person, singular, subjunctive], rukkō [active, imperative, second-person, singular], rukkōsai [indicative, passive, second-person, singular], rukkōsau [passive, second-person, singular, subjunctive], rukkōþi [active, indicative, singular, third-person], rukkō [active, singular, subjunctive, third-person], rukkōþau [active, imperative, singular, third-person], rukkōþai [indicative, passive, singular, third-person], rukkōþau [passive, singular, subjunctive, third-person], rukkōs [active, dual, first-person, indicative], rukkōw [active, dual, first-person, subjunctive], - [active, dual, first-person, imperative], - [dual, first-person, indicative, passive], - [dual, first-person, passive, subjunctive], rukkōþiz [active, dual, indicative, second-person], rukkōþiz [active, dual, second-person, subjunctive], rukkōþiz [active, dual, imperative, second-person], - [dual, indicative, passive, second-person], - [dual, passive, second-person, subjunctive], rukkōmaz [active, first-person, indicative, plural], rukkōm [active, first-person, plural, subjunctive], - [active, first-person, imperative, plural], rukkōnþai [first-person, indicative, passive, plural], rukkōnþau [first-person, passive, plural, subjunctive], rukkōþ [active, indicative, plural, second-person], rukkōþ [active, plural, second-person, subjunctive], rukkōþ [active, imperative, plural, second-person], rukkōnþai [indicative, passive, plural, second-person], rukkōnþau [passive, plural, second-person, subjunctive], rukkōnþi [active, indicative, plural, third-person], rukkōn [active, plural, subjunctive, third-person], rukkōnþau [active, imperative, plural, third-person], rukkōnþai [indicative, passive, plural, third-person], rukkōnþau [passive, plural, subjunctive, third-person], rukkōdǭ [active, first-person, indicative, singular], rukkōdēdį̄ [active, first-person, singular, subjunctive], rukkōdēz [active, indicative, second-person, singular], rukkōdēdīz [active, second-person, singular, subjunctive], rukkōdē [active, indicative, singular, third-person], rukkōdēdī [active, singular, subjunctive, third-person], rukkōdēdū [active, dual, first-person, indicative], rukkōdēdīw [active, dual, first-person, subjunctive], rukkōdēdudiz [active, dual, indicative, second-person], rukkōdēdīdiz [active, dual, second-person, subjunctive], rukkōdēdum [active, first-person, indicative, plural], rukkōdēdīm [active, first-person, plural, subjunctive], rukkōdēdud [active, indicative, plural, second-person], rukkōdēdīd [active, plural, second-person, subjunctive], rukkōdēdun [active, indicative, plural, third-person], rukkōdēdīn [active, plural, subjunctive, third-person], rukkōndz [active, participle, present], rukkōdaz [active, participle, past, subjunctive]
  1. to move, move back and forth, rock Wikipedia link: Brill Publishers Tags: reconstruction Related terms: rukkijaną

Download JSON data for rukkōną meaning in Proto-Germanic (11.0kB)

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gmw-pro",
            "2": "*rukkōn",
            "3": "*rokkōn"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *rukkōn, *rokkōn",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-West Germanic: *rukkōn, *rokkōn"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ang",
            "2": "roccian"
          },
          "expansion": "Old English: roccian",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old English: roccian"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "enm",
            "2": "rokken",
            "3": "roggen",
            "4": "rucken",
            "5": "rocken"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle English: rokken, roggen, rucken, rocken",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle English: rokken, roggen, rucken, rocken (cf. also roggelen)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sco",
            "2": "rok"
          },
          "expansion": "Scots: rok",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Scots: rok"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "en",
            "2": "rock",
            "3": "rog"
          },
          "expansion": "English: rock, rog",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "en",
            "2": "obsolete, dialectal",
            "nocat": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "(obsolete, dialectal)",
          "name": "lb"
        }
      ],
      "text": "English: rock, rog (obsolete, dialectal)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 5,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "de",
            "2": "rocken",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ German: rocken",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ German: rocken"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "odt",
            "2": "*rukkon",
            "3": "*rokkon"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Dutch: *rukkon, *rokkon",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Dutch: *rukkon, *rokkon"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "dum",
            "2": "rucken",
            "3": "rocken"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle Dutch: rucken, rocken",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle Dutch: rucken, rocken"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "nl",
            "2": "rocken"
          },
          "expansion": "Dutch: rocken",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "obsolete"
          },
          "expansion": "(obsolete)",
          "name": "qualifier"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Dutch: rocken (obsolete)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "fro",
            "2": "rocquer",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Old French: rocquer",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Old French: rocquer"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "goh",
            "2": "*rohhōn",
            "3": "*rochōn"
          },
          "expansion": "Old High German: *rohhōn, *rochōn",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old High German: *rohhōn, *rochōn"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gmh",
            "2": "rocken"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle High German: rocken",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle High German: rocken"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "non",
            "2": "*rukka",
            "3": "rugga"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Norse: *rukka, rugga",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Norse: *rukka, rugga"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "is",
            "2": "rukka",
            "3": "rugga"
          },
          "expansion": "Icelandic: rukka, rugga",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Icelandic: rukka, rugga"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "fo",
            "2": "rugga"
          },
          "expansion": "Faroese: rugga",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Faroese: rugga"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sv",
            "2": "rucka"
          },
          "expansion": "Swedish: rucka",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Swedish: rucka"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "da",
            "2": "rokke"
          },
          "expansion": "Danish: rokke",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Danish: rokke"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*h₃rewk-",
        "4": "",
        "5": "to dig up"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₃rewk- (“to dig up”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "runcō",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to weed",
        "pos": "verb"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin runcō (“to weed”, verb)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Pre-Germanic *Hruknéh₂-, possibly from Proto-Indo-European *h₃rewk- (“to dig up”), from *Hrew-. Cognate with Latin runcō (“to weed”, verb).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "weak",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gem-conj-wk2",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "2",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rukkō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rukkǭ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rukkōi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "passive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "passive",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rukkōsi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rukkōs",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rukkō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "imperative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rukkōsai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "passive",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rukkōsau",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "passive",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rukkōþi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rukkō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rukkōþau",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "imperative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rukkōþai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "passive",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rukkōþau",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "passive",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rukkōs",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "indicative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rukkōw",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "passive",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rukkōþiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "indicative",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rukkōþiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rukkōþiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "imperative",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "indicative",
        "passive",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "passive",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rukkōmaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rukkōm",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rukkōnþai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "passive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rukkōnþau",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "passive",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rukkōþ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rukkōþ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rukkōþ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rukkōnþai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "passive",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rukkōnþau",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "passive",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rukkōnþi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rukkōn",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rukkōnþau",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rukkōnþai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "passive",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rukkōnþau",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "passive",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rukkōdǭ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rukkōdēdį̄",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rukkōdēz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rukkōdēdīz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rukkōdē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rukkōdēdī",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rukkōdēdū",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "indicative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rukkōdēdīw",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rukkōdēdudiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "indicative",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rukkōdēdīdiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rukkōdēdum",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rukkōdēdīm",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rukkōdēdud",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rukkōdēdīd",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rukkōdēdun",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rukkōdēdīn",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rukkōndz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rukkōdaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "participle",
        "past",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "rukk"
      },
      "name": "gem-conj-wk2"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Germanic",
  "lang_code": "gem-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/rukkōną",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-Germanic entries with language name categories using raw markup",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with language name categories using raw markup",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-Germanic terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to move, move back and forth, rock"
      ],
      "id": "en-rukkōną-gem-pro-verb-lK224HuE",
      "links": [
        [
          "move",
          "move"
        ],
        [
          "rock",
          "rock"
        ]
      ],
      "related": [
        {
          "word": "rukkijaną"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ],
      "wikipedia": [
        "Brill Publishers"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈruk.kɔː.nɑ̃/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "rukkōną"
}
{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gmw-pro",
            "2": "*rukkōn",
            "3": "*rokkōn"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *rukkōn, *rokkōn",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-West Germanic: *rukkōn, *rokkōn"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ang",
            "2": "roccian"
          },
          "expansion": "Old English: roccian",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old English: roccian"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "enm",
            "2": "rokken",
            "3": "roggen",
            "4": "rucken",
            "5": "rocken"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle English: rokken, roggen, rucken, rocken",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle English: rokken, roggen, rucken, rocken (cf. also roggelen)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sco",
            "2": "rok"
          },
          "expansion": "Scots: rok",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Scots: rok"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "en",
            "2": "rock",
            "3": "rog"
          },
          "expansion": "English: rock, rog",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "en",
            "2": "obsolete, dialectal",
            "nocat": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "(obsolete, dialectal)",
          "name": "lb"
        }
      ],
      "text": "English: rock, rog (obsolete, dialectal)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 5,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "de",
            "2": "rocken",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ German: rocken",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ German: rocken"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "odt",
            "2": "*rukkon",
            "3": "*rokkon"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Dutch: *rukkon, *rokkon",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Dutch: *rukkon, *rokkon"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "dum",
            "2": "rucken",
            "3": "rocken"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle Dutch: rucken, rocken",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle Dutch: rucken, rocken"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "nl",
            "2": "rocken"
          },
          "expansion": "Dutch: rocken",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "obsolete"
          },
          "expansion": "(obsolete)",
          "name": "qualifier"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Dutch: rocken (obsolete)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "fro",
            "2": "rocquer",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Old French: rocquer",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Old French: rocquer"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "goh",
            "2": "*rohhōn",
            "3": "*rochōn"
          },
          "expansion": "Old High German: *rohhōn, *rochōn",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old High German: *rohhōn, *rochōn"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gmh",
            "2": "rocken"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle High German: rocken",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle High German: rocken"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "non",
            "2": "*rukka",
            "3": "rugga"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Norse: *rukka, rugga",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Norse: *rukka, rugga"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "is",
            "2": "rukka",
            "3": "rugga"
          },
          "expansion": "Icelandic: rukka, rugga",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Icelandic: rukka, rugga"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "fo",
            "2": "rugga"
          },
          "expansion": "Faroese: rugga",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Faroese: rugga"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sv",
            "2": "rucka"
          },
          "expansion": "Swedish: rucka",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Swedish: rucka"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "da",
            "2": "rokke"
          },
          "expansion": "Danish: rokke",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Danish: rokke"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*h₃rewk-",
        "4": "",
        "5": "to dig up"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₃rewk- (“to dig up”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "runcō",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to weed",
        "pos": "verb"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin runcō (“to weed”, verb)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Pre-Germanic *Hruknéh₂-, possibly from Proto-Indo-European *h₃rewk- (“to dig up”), from *Hrew-. Cognate with Latin runcō (“to weed”, verb).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "weak",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gem-conj-wk2",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "2",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rukkō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rukkǭ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rukkōi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "passive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "passive",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rukkōsi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rukkōs",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rukkō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "imperative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rukkōsai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "passive",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rukkōsau",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "passive",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rukkōþi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rukkō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rukkōþau",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "imperative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rukkōþai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "passive",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rukkōþau",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "passive",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rukkōs",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "indicative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rukkōw",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "passive",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rukkōþiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "indicative",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rukkōþiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rukkōþiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "imperative",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "indicative",
        "passive",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "passive",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rukkōmaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rukkōm",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rukkōnþai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "passive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rukkōnþau",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "passive",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rukkōþ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rukkōþ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rukkōþ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rukkōnþai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "passive",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rukkōnþau",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "passive",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rukkōnþi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rukkōn",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rukkōnþau",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rukkōnþai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "passive",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rukkōnþau",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "passive",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rukkōdǭ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rukkōdēdį̄",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rukkōdēz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rukkōdēdīz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rukkōdē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rukkōdēdī",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rukkōdēdū",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "indicative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rukkōdēdīw",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rukkōdēdudiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "indicative",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rukkōdēdīdiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rukkōdēdum",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rukkōdēdīm",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rukkōdēdud",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rukkōdēdīd",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rukkōdēdun",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rukkōdēdīn",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rukkōndz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rukkōdaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "participle",
        "past",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "rukk"
      },
      "name": "gem-conj-wk2"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Germanic",
  "lang_code": "gem-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/rukkōną",
  "pos": "verb",
  "related": [
    {
      "word": "rukkijaną"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Proto-Germanic class 2 weak iterative verbs",
        "Proto-Germanic class 2 weak verbs",
        "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
        "Proto-Germanic entries with language name categories using raw markup",
        "Proto-Germanic lemmas",
        "Proto-Germanic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
        "Proto-Germanic terms with IPA pronunciation",
        "Proto-Germanic terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
        "Proto-Germanic verbs"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to move, move back and forth, rock"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "move",
          "move"
        ],
        [
          "rock",
          "rock"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ],
      "wikipedia": [
        "Brill Publishers"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈruk.kɔː.nɑ̃/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "rukkōną"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-06-04 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (e9e0a99 and db5a844). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.