See nūaną in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for nūaną meaning in Proto-Germanic (8.7kB)
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*nūwan",
"3": "*neuwan",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Proto-West Germanic: *nūwan, *neuwan",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": ">? Proto-West Germanic: *nūwan, *neuwan"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "niuwan",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Old High German: niuwan",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": ">? Old High German: niuwan (possibly from *hnewwaną instead)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "núa"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: núa",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: núa"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "núa"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic: núa",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Icelandic: núa"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "bnúa",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Old Norse: bnúa",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Old Norse: bnúa"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "gnúa",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Old Norse: gnúa",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Old Norse: gnúa"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "*𐌽𐌰𐌿𐌰𐌽"
},
"expansion": "Gothic: *𐌽𐌰𐌿𐌰𐌽 (*nauan)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gothic: *𐌽𐌰𐌿𐌰𐌽 (*nauan)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐌱𐌽𐌰𐌿𐌰𐌽",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Gothic: 𐌱𐌽𐌰𐌿𐌰𐌽 (bnauan)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Gothic: 𐌱𐌽𐌰𐌿𐌰𐌽 (bnauan)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "nuō",
"3": "",
"4": ""
},
"expansion": "Latin nuō",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "νεύω",
"3": "",
"4": "to nod, to wave"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek νεύω (neúō, “to nod, to wave”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Possibly related to Latin nuō and Ancient Greek νεύω (neúō, “to nod, to wave”)",
"forms": [
{
"form": "strong",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-conj-st",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "7",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "nūō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"indicative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "nūaų",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"imperative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "nūai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"passive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"passive",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "nūizi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "nūaiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "nū",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"imperative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "nūazai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"passive",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "nūaizau",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"passive",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "nūidi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "nūai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "nūadau",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"imperative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "nūadai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"passive",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "nūaidau",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"passive",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "nūōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"dual",
"first-person",
"indicative"
]
},
{
"form": "nūaiw",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"dual",
"first-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"dual",
"first-person",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"first-person",
"indicative",
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"first-person",
"passive",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "nūadiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"dual",
"indicative",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "nūaidiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"dual",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "nūadiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"dual",
"imperative",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"indicative",
"passive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"passive",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "nūamaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"indicative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "nūaim",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"imperative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "nūandai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"passive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "nūaindau",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"passive",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "nūid",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "nūaid",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "nūid",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"imperative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "nūandai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"passive",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "nūaindau",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"passive",
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "nūandi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "nūain",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "nūandau",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"imperative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "nūandai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"passive",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "nūaindau",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"passive",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "nenū",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"indicative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "nenūį̄",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "nenūt",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "nenūīz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "nenū",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "nenūī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "nenūū",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"dual",
"first-person",
"indicative"
]
},
{
"form": "nenūīw",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"dual",
"first-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "nenūudiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"dual",
"indicative",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "nenūīdiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"dual",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "nenūum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"indicative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "nenūīm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "nenūud",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "nenūīd",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "nenūun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "nenūīn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "nūandz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "nūanaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"participle",
"past",
"subjunctive"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nū",
"2": "nenū",
"3": "nenū",
"4": "nū",
"class": "7"
},
"name": "gem-conj-st"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/nūaną",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to rub, to grind"
],
"id": "en-nūaną-gem-pro-verb-ws4d67rj",
"links": [
[
"rub",
"rub"
],
[
"grind",
"grind"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈnu.wɑ.nɑ̃/"
}
],
"word": "nūaną"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*nūwan",
"3": "*neuwan",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Proto-West Germanic: *nūwan, *neuwan",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": ">? Proto-West Germanic: *nūwan, *neuwan"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "niuwan",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Old High German: niuwan",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": ">? Old High German: niuwan (possibly from *hnewwaną instead)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "núa"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: núa",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: núa"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "núa"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic: núa",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Icelandic: núa"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "bnúa",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Old Norse: bnúa",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Old Norse: bnúa"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "gnúa",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Old Norse: gnúa",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Old Norse: gnúa"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "*𐌽𐌰𐌿𐌰𐌽"
},
"expansion": "Gothic: *𐌽𐌰𐌿𐌰𐌽 (*nauan)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gothic: *𐌽𐌰𐌿𐌰𐌽 (*nauan)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐌱𐌽𐌰𐌿𐌰𐌽",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Gothic: 𐌱𐌽𐌰𐌿𐌰𐌽 (bnauan)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Gothic: 𐌱𐌽𐌰𐌿𐌰𐌽 (bnauan)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "nuō",
"3": "",
"4": ""
},
"expansion": "Latin nuō",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "νεύω",
"3": "",
"4": "to nod, to wave"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek νεύω (neúō, “to nod, to wave”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Possibly related to Latin nuō and Ancient Greek νεύω (neúō, “to nod, to wave”)",
"forms": [
{
"form": "strong",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-conj-st",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "7",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "nūō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"indicative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "nūaų",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"imperative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "nūai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"passive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"passive",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "nūizi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "nūaiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "nū",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"imperative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "nūazai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"passive",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "nūaizau",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"passive",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "nūidi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "nūai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "nūadau",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"imperative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "nūadai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"passive",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "nūaidau",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"passive",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "nūōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"dual",
"first-person",
"indicative"
]
},
{
"form": "nūaiw",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"dual",
"first-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"dual",
"first-person",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"first-person",
"indicative",
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"first-person",
"passive",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "nūadiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"dual",
"indicative",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "nūaidiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"dual",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "nūadiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"dual",
"imperative",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"indicative",
"passive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"passive",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "nūamaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"indicative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "nūaim",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"imperative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "nūandai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"passive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "nūaindau",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"passive",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "nūid",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "nūaid",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "nūid",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"imperative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "nūandai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"passive",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "nūaindau",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"passive",
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "nūandi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "nūain",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "nūandau",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"imperative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "nūandai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"passive",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "nūaindau",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"passive",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "nenū",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"indicative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "nenūį̄",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "nenūt",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "nenūīz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "nenū",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "nenūī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "nenūū",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"dual",
"first-person",
"indicative"
]
},
{
"form": "nenūīw",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"dual",
"first-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "nenūudiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"dual",
"indicative",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "nenūīdiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"dual",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "nenūum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"indicative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "nenūīm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "nenūud",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "nenūīd",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "nenūun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "nenūīn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "nūandz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "nūanaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"participle",
"past",
"subjunctive"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nū",
"2": "nenū",
"3": "nenū",
"4": "nū",
"class": "7"
},
"name": "gem-conj-st"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/nūaną",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Proto-Germanic class 7 strong verbs",
"Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-Germanic terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Proto-Germanic verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"to rub, to grind"
],
"links": [
[
"rub",
"rub"
],
[
"grind",
"grind"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈnu.wɑ.nɑ̃/"
}
],
"word": "nūaną"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-06-04 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (e9e0a99 and db5a844). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.