See liuhtijaną in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*liuhtijan"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *liuhtijan\nOld English: līehtan\nMiddle English: lihten, lighten\nEnglish: light\nScots: licht\nOld Saxon: liuhtian\nMiddle Low German: luchten\nGerman Low German: lüchten\n→ Polabian: löxtår (“lantern”)\nOld Dutch: liuhten\nMiddle Dutch: luchten\nDutch: luchten (obsolete)\nOld High German: liuhten\nMiddle High German: liuhten\nGerman: leuchten\nYiddish: לײַכטן (laykhtn), Yiddish: לויכטן (loykhtn)\nBavarian: laichdn",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *liuhtijan\nOld English: līehtan\nMiddle English: lihten, lighten\nEnglish: light\nScots: licht\nOld Saxon: liuhtian\nMiddle Low German: luchten\nGerman Low German: lüchten\n→ Polabian: löxtår (“lantern”)\nOld Dutch: liuhten\nMiddle Dutch: luchten\nDutch: luchten (obsolete)\nOld High German: liuhten\nMiddle High German: liuhten\nGerman: leuchten\nYiddish: לײַכטן (laykhtn), Yiddish: לויכטן (loykhtn)\nBavarian: laichdn"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐌻𐌹𐌿𐌷𐍄𐌾𐌰𐌽"
},
"expansion": "Gothic: 𐌻𐌹𐌿𐌷𐍄𐌾𐌰𐌽 (liuhtjan)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gothic: 𐌻𐌹𐌿𐌷𐍄𐌾𐌰𐌽 (liuhtjan)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*lewk-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*leuhtą",
"3": "*-janą",
"id2": "denominative",
"t1": "light",
"t2": "denominative suffix"
},
"expansion": "*leuhtą (“light”) + *-janą (“denominative suffix”)",
"name": "affix"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*leuhtaz",
"3": "*-janą",
"id2": "factitive",
"t1": "light, bright",
"t2": "factitive suffix"
},
"expansion": "*leuhtaz (“light, bright”) + *-janą (“factitive suffix”)",
"name": "affix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From *leuhtą (“light”) + *-janą (“denominative suffix”) or *leuhtaz (“light, bright”) + *-janą (“factitive suffix”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "weak",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-conj-wk1",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "1",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "liuhtijō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"indicative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "liuhtijaų",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"imperative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "liuhtijai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"passive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"passive",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "liuhtīsi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "liuhtijais",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "liuhtī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"imperative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "liuhtijasai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"passive",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "liuhtijaisau",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"passive",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "liuhtīþi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "liuhtijai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "liuhtijaþau",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"imperative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "liuhtijaþai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"passive",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "liuhtijaiþau",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"passive",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "liuhtijōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"dual",
"first-person",
"indicative"
]
},
{
"form": "liuhtijaiw",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"dual",
"first-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"dual",
"first-person",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"first-person",
"indicative",
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"first-person",
"passive",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "liuhtijaþiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"dual",
"indicative",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "liuhtijaiþiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"dual",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "liuhtijaþiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"dual",
"imperative",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"indicative",
"passive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"passive",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "liuhtijamaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"indicative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "liuhtijaim",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"imperative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "liuhtijanþai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"passive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "liuhtijainþau",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"passive",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "liuhtīþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "liuhtijaiþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "liuhtīþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"imperative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "liuhtijanþai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"passive",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "liuhtijainþau",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"passive",
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "liuhtijanþi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "liuhtijain",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "liuhtijanþau",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"imperative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "liuhtijanþai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"passive",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "liuhtijainþau",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"passive",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "liuhtidǭ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"indicative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "liuhtidēdį̄",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "liuhtidēz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "liuhtidēdīz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "liuhtidē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "liuhtidēdī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "liuhtidēdū",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"dual",
"first-person",
"indicative"
]
},
{
"form": "liuhtidēdīw",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"dual",
"first-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "liuhtidēdudiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"dual",
"indicative",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "liuhtidēdīdiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"dual",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "liuhtidēdum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"indicative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "liuhtidēdīm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "liuhtidēdud",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "liuhtidēdīd",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "liuhtidēdun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "liuhtidēdīn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "liuhtijandz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "liuhtidaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"participle",
"past",
"subjunctive"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "liuht",
"j": "ij"
},
"name": "gem-conj-wk1"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/liuhtijaną",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Germanic terms suffixed with *-janą (denominative)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Germanic terms suffixed with *-janą (factitive)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "inliuhtijaną"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to give light, shine"
],
"id": "en-liuhtijaną-gem-pro-verb-YGkCzjLT",
"links": [
[
"shine",
"shine"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈliu̯x.ti.jɑ.nɑ̃/"
}
],
"word": "liuhtijaną"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"word": "inliuhtijaną"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*liuhtijan"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *liuhtijan\nOld English: līehtan\nMiddle English: lihten, lighten\nEnglish: light\nScots: licht\nOld Saxon: liuhtian\nMiddle Low German: luchten\nGerman Low German: lüchten\n→ Polabian: löxtår (“lantern”)\nOld Dutch: liuhten\nMiddle Dutch: luchten\nDutch: luchten (obsolete)\nOld High German: liuhten\nMiddle High German: liuhten\nGerman: leuchten\nYiddish: לײַכטן (laykhtn), Yiddish: לויכטן (loykhtn)\nBavarian: laichdn",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *liuhtijan\nOld English: līehtan\nMiddle English: lihten, lighten\nEnglish: light\nScots: licht\nOld Saxon: liuhtian\nMiddle Low German: luchten\nGerman Low German: lüchten\n→ Polabian: löxtår (“lantern”)\nOld Dutch: liuhten\nMiddle Dutch: luchten\nDutch: luchten (obsolete)\nOld High German: liuhten\nMiddle High German: liuhten\nGerman: leuchten\nYiddish: לײַכטן (laykhtn), Yiddish: לויכטן (loykhtn)\nBavarian: laichdn"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐌻𐌹𐌿𐌷𐍄𐌾𐌰𐌽"
},
"expansion": "Gothic: 𐌻𐌹𐌿𐌷𐍄𐌾𐌰𐌽 (liuhtjan)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gothic: 𐌻𐌹𐌿𐌷𐍄𐌾𐌰𐌽 (liuhtjan)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*lewk-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*leuhtą",
"3": "*-janą",
"id2": "denominative",
"t1": "light",
"t2": "denominative suffix"
},
"expansion": "*leuhtą (“light”) + *-janą (“denominative suffix”)",
"name": "affix"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*leuhtaz",
"3": "*-janą",
"id2": "factitive",
"t1": "light, bright",
"t2": "factitive suffix"
},
"expansion": "*leuhtaz (“light, bright”) + *-janą (“factitive suffix”)",
"name": "affix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From *leuhtą (“light”) + *-janą (“denominative suffix”) or *leuhtaz (“light, bright”) + *-janą (“factitive suffix”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "weak",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-conj-wk1",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "1",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "liuhtijō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"indicative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "liuhtijaų",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"imperative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "liuhtijai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"passive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"passive",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "liuhtīsi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "liuhtijais",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "liuhtī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"imperative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "liuhtijasai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"passive",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "liuhtijaisau",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"passive",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "liuhtīþi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "liuhtijai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "liuhtijaþau",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"imperative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "liuhtijaþai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"passive",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "liuhtijaiþau",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"passive",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "liuhtijōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"dual",
"first-person",
"indicative"
]
},
{
"form": "liuhtijaiw",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"dual",
"first-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"dual",
"first-person",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"first-person",
"indicative",
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"first-person",
"passive",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "liuhtijaþiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"dual",
"indicative",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "liuhtijaiþiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"dual",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "liuhtijaþiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"dual",
"imperative",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"indicative",
"passive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"passive",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "liuhtijamaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"indicative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "liuhtijaim",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"imperative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "liuhtijanþai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"passive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "liuhtijainþau",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"passive",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "liuhtīþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "liuhtijaiþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "liuhtīþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"imperative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "liuhtijanþai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"passive",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "liuhtijainþau",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"passive",
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "liuhtijanþi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "liuhtijain",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "liuhtijanþau",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"imperative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "liuhtijanþai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"passive",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "liuhtijainþau",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"passive",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "liuhtidǭ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"indicative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "liuhtidēdį̄",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "liuhtidēz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "liuhtidēdīz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "liuhtidē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "liuhtidēdī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "liuhtidēdū",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"dual",
"first-person",
"indicative"
]
},
{
"form": "liuhtidēdīw",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"dual",
"first-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "liuhtidēdudiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"dual",
"indicative",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "liuhtidēdīdiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"dual",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "liuhtidēdum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"indicative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "liuhtidēdīm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "liuhtidēdud",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "liuhtidēdīd",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "liuhtidēdun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "liuhtidēdīn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "liuhtijandz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "liuhtidaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"participle",
"past",
"subjunctive"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "liuht",
"j": "ij"
},
"name": "gem-conj-wk1"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/liuhtijaną",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Germanic class 1 weak verbs",
"Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-Germanic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Germanic terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *lewk-",
"Proto-Germanic terms suffixed with *-janą (denominative)",
"Proto-Germanic terms suffixed with *-janą (factitive)",
"Proto-Germanic verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"to give light, shine"
],
"links": [
[
"shine",
"shine"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈliu̯x.ti.jɑ.nɑ̃/"
}
],
"word": "liuhtijaną"
}
Download raw JSONL data for liuhtijaną meaning in Proto-Germanic (9.2kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-15 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (8a39820 and 4401a4c). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.