See krafjaną in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{ "descendants": [ { "depth": 1, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "gmw-pro", "2": "*krafōn", "qq": "class 2 weak" }, "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *krafōn, *krafēn, *krabōn, *krabēn (class 2 weak)\nOld English: crafian, crafiġean, cræfian\nMiddle English: craven, crave, cravyn, crawyn, krave\nEnglish: crave\nScots: crave\nYola: crave", "name": "desctree" } ], "text": "Proto-West Germanic: *krafōn, *krafēn, *krabōn, *krabēn (class 2 weak)\nOld English: crafian, crafiġean, cræfian\nMiddle English: craven, crave, cravyn, crawyn, krave\nEnglish: crave\nScots: crave\nYola: crave" }, { "depth": 1, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "non", "2": "krefja" }, "expansion": "Old Norse: krefja\nIcelandic: krefja\nFaroese: krevja\nNorwegian Nynorsk: krevja, krevje\nOld Swedish: kræfia, kræfiæ\nSwedish: kräva\nDanish: kræve\nNorwegian Bokmål: kreve", "name": "desctree" } ], "text": "Old Norse: krefja\nIcelandic: krefja\nFaroese: krevja\nNorwegian Nynorsk: krevja, krevje\nOld Swedish: kræfia, kræfiæ\nSwedish: kräva\nDanish: kræve\nNorwegian Bokmål: kreve" } ], "etymology_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "gem-pro", "title": "unknown" }, "expansion": "unknown", "name": "unk" }, { "args": { "1": "xum", "2": "Grabovio" }, "expansion": "Umbrian Grabovio", "name": "cog" }, { "args": { "1": "grc", "2": "γράβιον", "3": "", "4": "torch, brand" }, "expansion": "Ancient Greek γράβιον (grábion, “torch, brand”)", "name": "cog" }, { "args": { "1": "sq", "2": "kërrabë" }, "expansion": "Albanian kërrabë", "name": "cog" }, { "args": { "1": "gmw-pro", "2": "*krappō", "3": "", "4": "hook" }, "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *krappō (“hook”)", "name": "cog" }, { "args": { "1": "gem-pro", "2": "ine-pro", "3": "*grep-", "4": "", "5": "a hook, force" }, "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *grep- (“a hook, force”)", "name": "der" } ], "etymology_text": "Related to *kraftuz (“force, strength”), of unknown origin. Possibly related to Umbrian Grabovio, *Grabo-, an Italic god of rocks and oak trees described in the Iguvine Tablets (see Ancient Greek γράβιον (grábion, “torch, brand”)). Pokorny suggests a connection to Albanian kërrabë and Proto-West Germanic *krappō (“hook”), from Proto-Indo-European *grep- (“a hook, force”), extended form of *ger- (“to turn, wind”).", "forms": [ { "form": "weak", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "table-tags" ] }, { "form": "gem-conj-wk1", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "inflection-template" ] }, { "form": "1", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "class" ] }, { "form": "krafjō", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "first-person", "indicative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "krafjaų", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "first-person", "singular", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "-", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "first-person", "imperative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "krafjai", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "first-person", "indicative", "passive", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "first-person", "passive", "singular", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "krafisi", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "indicative", "second-person", "singular" ] }, { "form": "krafjais", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "second-person", "singular", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "krafi", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "imperative", "second-person", "singular" ] }, { "form": "krafjasai", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "indicative", "passive", "second-person", "singular" ] }, { "form": "krafjaisau", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "passive", "second-person", "singular", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "krafiþi", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "indicative", "singular", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "krafjai", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "singular", "subjunctive", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "krafjaþau", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "imperative", "singular", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "krafjaþai", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "indicative", "passive", "singular", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "krafjaiþau", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "passive", "singular", "subjunctive", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "krafjōs", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "dual", "first-person", "indicative" ] }, { "form": "krafjaiw", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "dual", "first-person", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "-", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "dual", "first-person", "imperative" ] }, { "form": "-", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "dual", "first-person", "indicative", "passive" ] }, { "form": "-", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "dual", "first-person", "passive", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "krafjaþiz", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "dual", "indicative", "second-person" ] }, { "form": "krafjaiþiz", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "dual", "second-person", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "krafjaþiz", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "dual", "imperative", "second-person" ] }, { "form": "-", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "dual", "indicative", "passive", "second-person" ] }, { "form": "-", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "dual", "passive", "second-person", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "krafjamaz", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "first-person", "indicative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "krafjaim", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "first-person", "plural", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "-", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "first-person", "imperative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "krafjanþai", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "first-person", "indicative", "passive", "plural" ] }, { "form": "krafjainþau", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "first-person", "passive", "plural", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "krafiþ", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "indicative", "plural", "second-person" ] }, { "form": "krafjaiþ", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "plural", "second-person", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "krafiþ", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "imperative", "plural", "second-person" ] }, { "form": "krafjanþai", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "indicative", "passive", "plural", "second-person" ] }, { "form": "krafjainþau", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "passive", "plural", "second-person", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "krafjanþi", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "indicative", "plural", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "krafjain", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "plural", "subjunctive", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "krafjanþau", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "imperative", "plural", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "krafjanþai", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "indicative", "passive", "plural", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "krafjainþau", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "passive", "plural", "subjunctive", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "krafidǭ", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "first-person", "indicative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "krafidēdį̄", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "first-person", "singular", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "krafidēz", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "indicative", "second-person", "singular" ] }, { "form": "krafidēdīz", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "second-person", "singular", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "krafidē", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "indicative", "singular", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "krafidēdī", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "singular", "subjunctive", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "krafidēdū", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "dual", "first-person", "indicative" ] }, { "form": "krafidēdīw", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "dual", "first-person", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "krafidēdudiz", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "dual", "indicative", "second-person" ] }, { "form": "krafidēdīdiz", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "dual", "second-person", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "krafidēdum", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "first-person", "indicative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "krafidēdīm", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "first-person", "plural", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "krafidēdud", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "indicative", "plural", "second-person" ] }, { "form": "krafidēdīd", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "plural", "second-person", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "krafidēdun", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "indicative", "plural", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "krafidēdīn", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "plural", "subjunctive", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "krafjandz", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "participle", "present" ] }, { "form": "krafidaz", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "participle", "past", "subjunctive" ] } ], "inflection_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "kraf", "j": "j" }, "name": "gem-conj-wk1" } ], "lang": "Proto-Germanic", "lang_code": "gem-pro", "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/krafjaną", "pos": "verb", "senses": [ { "categories": [ { "kind": "other", "name": "Pages with 1 entry", "parents": [], "source": "w" }, { "kind": "other", "name": "Pages with entries", "parents": [], "source": "w" }, { "kind": "other", "name": "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header", "parents": [ "Entries with incorrect language header", "Entry maintenance" ], "source": "w" } ], "derived": [ { "word": "kraftuz" } ], "glosses": [ "to demand" ], "id": "en-krafjaną-gem-pro-verb-alQeyGZU", "links": [ [ "demand", "demand" ] ], "related": [ { "word": "krēbiz" } ], "tags": [ "reconstruction" ], "wikipedia": [ "Iguvine Tablets" ] } ], "word": "krafjaną" }
{ "derived": [ { "word": "kraftuz" } ], "descendants": [ { "depth": 1, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "gmw-pro", "2": "*krafōn", "qq": "class 2 weak" }, "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *krafōn, *krafēn, *krabōn, *krabēn (class 2 weak)\nOld English: crafian, crafiġean, cræfian\nMiddle English: craven, crave, cravyn, crawyn, krave\nEnglish: crave\nScots: crave\nYola: crave", "name": "desctree" } ], "text": "Proto-West Germanic: *krafōn, *krafēn, *krabōn, *krabēn (class 2 weak)\nOld English: crafian, crafiġean, cræfian\nMiddle English: craven, crave, cravyn, crawyn, krave\nEnglish: crave\nScots: crave\nYola: crave" }, { "depth": 1, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "non", "2": "krefja" }, "expansion": "Old Norse: krefja\nIcelandic: krefja\nFaroese: krevja\nNorwegian Nynorsk: krevja, krevje\nOld Swedish: kræfia, kræfiæ\nSwedish: kräva\nDanish: kræve\nNorwegian Bokmål: kreve", "name": "desctree" } ], "text": "Old Norse: krefja\nIcelandic: krefja\nFaroese: krevja\nNorwegian Nynorsk: krevja, krevje\nOld Swedish: kræfia, kræfiæ\nSwedish: kräva\nDanish: kræve\nNorwegian Bokmål: kreve" } ], "etymology_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "gem-pro", "title": "unknown" }, "expansion": "unknown", "name": "unk" }, { "args": { "1": "xum", "2": "Grabovio" }, "expansion": "Umbrian Grabovio", "name": "cog" }, { "args": { "1": "grc", "2": "γράβιον", "3": "", "4": "torch, brand" }, "expansion": "Ancient Greek γράβιον (grábion, “torch, brand”)", "name": "cog" }, { "args": { "1": "sq", "2": "kërrabë" }, "expansion": "Albanian kërrabë", "name": "cog" }, { "args": { "1": "gmw-pro", "2": "*krappō", "3": "", "4": "hook" }, "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *krappō (“hook”)", "name": "cog" }, { "args": { "1": "gem-pro", "2": "ine-pro", "3": "*grep-", "4": "", "5": "a hook, force" }, "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *grep- (“a hook, force”)", "name": "der" } ], "etymology_text": "Related to *kraftuz (“force, strength”), of unknown origin. Possibly related to Umbrian Grabovio, *Grabo-, an Italic god of rocks and oak trees described in the Iguvine Tablets (see Ancient Greek γράβιον (grábion, “torch, brand”)). Pokorny suggests a connection to Albanian kërrabë and Proto-West Germanic *krappō (“hook”), from Proto-Indo-European *grep- (“a hook, force”), extended form of *ger- (“to turn, wind”).", "forms": [ { "form": "weak", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "table-tags" ] }, { "form": "gem-conj-wk1", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "inflection-template" ] }, { "form": "1", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "class" ] }, { "form": "krafjō", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "first-person", "indicative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "krafjaų", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "first-person", "singular", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "-", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "first-person", "imperative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "krafjai", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "first-person", "indicative", "passive", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "first-person", "passive", "singular", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "krafisi", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "indicative", "second-person", "singular" ] }, { "form": "krafjais", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "second-person", "singular", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "krafi", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "imperative", "second-person", "singular" ] }, { "form": "krafjasai", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "indicative", "passive", "second-person", "singular" ] }, { "form": "krafjaisau", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "passive", "second-person", "singular", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "krafiþi", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "indicative", "singular", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "krafjai", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "singular", "subjunctive", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "krafjaþau", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "imperative", "singular", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "krafjaþai", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "indicative", "passive", "singular", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "krafjaiþau", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "passive", "singular", "subjunctive", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "krafjōs", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "dual", "first-person", "indicative" ] }, { "form": "krafjaiw", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "dual", "first-person", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "-", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "dual", "first-person", "imperative" ] }, { "form": "-", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "dual", "first-person", "indicative", "passive" ] }, { "form": "-", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "dual", "first-person", "passive", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "krafjaþiz", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "dual", "indicative", "second-person" ] }, { "form": "krafjaiþiz", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "dual", "second-person", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "krafjaþiz", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "dual", "imperative", "second-person" ] }, { "form": "-", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "dual", "indicative", "passive", "second-person" ] }, { "form": "-", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "dual", "passive", "second-person", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "krafjamaz", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "first-person", "indicative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "krafjaim", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "first-person", "plural", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "-", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "first-person", "imperative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "krafjanþai", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "first-person", "indicative", "passive", "plural" ] }, { "form": "krafjainþau", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "first-person", "passive", "plural", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "krafiþ", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "indicative", "plural", "second-person" ] }, { "form": "krafjaiþ", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "plural", "second-person", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "krafiþ", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "imperative", "plural", "second-person" ] }, { "form": "krafjanþai", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "indicative", "passive", "plural", "second-person" ] }, { "form": "krafjainþau", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "passive", "plural", "second-person", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "krafjanþi", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "indicative", "plural", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "krafjain", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "plural", "subjunctive", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "krafjanþau", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "imperative", "plural", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "krafjanþai", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "indicative", "passive", "plural", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "krafjainþau", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "passive", "plural", "subjunctive", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "krafidǭ", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "first-person", "indicative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "krafidēdį̄", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "first-person", "singular", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "krafidēz", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "indicative", "second-person", "singular" ] }, { "form": "krafidēdīz", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "second-person", "singular", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "krafidē", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "indicative", "singular", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "krafidēdī", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "singular", "subjunctive", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "krafidēdū", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "dual", "first-person", "indicative" ] }, { "form": "krafidēdīw", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "dual", "first-person", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "krafidēdudiz", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "dual", "indicative", "second-person" ] }, { "form": "krafidēdīdiz", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "dual", "second-person", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "krafidēdum", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "first-person", "indicative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "krafidēdīm", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "first-person", "plural", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "krafidēdud", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "indicative", "plural", "second-person" ] }, { "form": "krafidēdīd", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "plural", "second-person", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "krafidēdun", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "indicative", "plural", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "krafidēdīn", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "plural", "subjunctive", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "krafjandz", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "participle", "present" ] }, { "form": "krafidaz", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "participle", "past", "subjunctive" ] } ], "inflection_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "kraf", "j": "j" }, "name": "gem-conj-wk1" } ], "lang": "Proto-Germanic", "lang_code": "gem-pro", "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/krafjaną", "pos": "verb", "related": [ { "word": "krēbiz" } ], "senses": [ { "categories": [ "Pages with 1 entry", "Pages with entries", "Proto-Germanic class 1 weak verbs", "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header", "Proto-Germanic lemmas", "Proto-Germanic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European", "Proto-Germanic terms with unknown etymologies", "Proto-Germanic verbs" ], "glosses": [ "to demand" ], "links": [ [ "demand", "demand" ] ], "tags": [ "reconstruction" ], "wikipedia": [ "Iguvine Tablets" ] } ], "word": "krafjaną" }
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This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-15 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (8a39820 and 4401a4c). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
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