See klawjaną in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{ "descendants": [ { "depth": 1, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "gmw-pro", "2": "*klauwjan" }, "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *klauwjan\nOld English: clawan; clāwan, *clīeġan (strong class 7)\nMiddle English: clawen, cleen\nEnglish: claw\nScots: claw\nOld Saxon: *klawian, *klōian\nMiddle Low German: klâwen, klowen, klouwen, klöuwen, kleien, kleyen, klayen, klegen, kleigen\nGerman Low German: klauen\nOld Dutch: *clōien, *clouen\nMiddle Dutch: clôyen, clooien, clouwen\nDutch: klooien, klauwen (remodelled after the noun, or from West Germanic *klawēn)\nOld High German: klawjan\nMiddle High German: kleuen, klæwen\nGerman: kläuen (dialectal or obsolete), klauen (remodelled after the noun, or from West Germanic *klawēn)", "name": "desctree" } ], "text": "Proto-West Germanic: *klauwjan\nOld English: clawan; clāwan, *clīeġan (strong class 7)\nMiddle English: clawen, cleen\nEnglish: claw\nScots: claw\nOld Saxon: *klawian, *klōian\nMiddle Low German: klâwen, klowen, klouwen, klöuwen, kleien, kleyen, klayen, klegen, kleigen\nGerman Low German: klauen\nOld Dutch: *clōien, *clouen\nMiddle Dutch: clôyen, clooien, clouwen\nDutch: klooien, klauwen (remodelled after the noun, or from West Germanic *klawēn)\nOld High German: klawjan\nMiddle High German: kleuen, klæwen\nGerman: kläuen (dialectal or obsolete), klauen (remodelled after the noun, or from West Germanic *klawēn)" }, { "depth": 1, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "non", "2": "klá" }, "expansion": "Old Norse: klá, kleyja\nIcelandic: klá\nFaroese: kláa\nNorwegian Nynorsk: klå\nNorwegian Bokmål: klø (< kleyja)\nOld Swedish: klā\nSwedish: klå", "name": "desctree" } ], "text": "Old Norse: klá, kleyja\nIcelandic: klá\nFaroese: kláa\nNorwegian Nynorsk: klå\nNorwegian Bokmål: klø (< kleyja)\nOld Swedish: klā\nSwedish: klå" }, { "depth": 1, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "urj-fin-pro", "2": "*kalvadak", "bor": "1" }, "expansion": "→ Proto-Finnic: *kalvadak", "name": "desc" }, { "args": {}, "expansion": "(see there for further descendants)", "name": "see desc" } ], "text": "→ Proto-Finnic: *kalvadak (see there for further descendants)" } ], "etymology_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "gem-pro", "2": "ine-pro", "3": "-" }, "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European", "name": "der" } ], "etymology_text": "Seemingly from a Proto-Indo-European root *glew- (“to claw, scratch”), with no certain cognates outside of Germanic. Some take the root to be from a base *gel- (“to make round, clench”).", "forms": [ { "form": "strong", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "table-tags" ] }, { "form": "gem-conj-st-j", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "inflection-template" ] }, { "form": "6 j-present", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "class" ] }, { "form": "klawjō", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "first-person", "indicative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "klawjaų", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "first-person", "singular", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "-", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "first-person", "imperative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "klawjai", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "first-person", "indicative", "passive", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "first-person", "passive", "singular", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "klawisi", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "indicative", "second-person", "singular" ] }, { "form": "klawjais", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "second-person", "singular", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "klawi", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "imperative", "second-person", "singular" ] }, { "form": "klawjasai", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "indicative", "passive", "second-person", "singular" ] }, { "form": "klawjaisau", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "passive", "second-person", "singular", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "klawiþi", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "indicative", "singular", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "klawjai", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "singular", "subjunctive", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "klawjaþau", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "imperative", "singular", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "klawjaþai", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "indicative", "passive", "singular", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "klawjaiþau", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "passive", "singular", "subjunctive", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "klawjōs", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "dual", "first-person", "indicative" ] }, { "form": "klawjaiw", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "dual", "first-person", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "-", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "dual", "first-person", "imperative" ] }, { "form": "-", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "dual", "first-person", "indicative", "passive" ] }, { "form": "-", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "dual", "first-person", "passive", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "klawjaþiz", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "dual", "indicative", "second-person" ] }, { "form": "klawjaiþiz", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "dual", "second-person", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "klawjaþiz", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "dual", "imperative", "second-person" ] }, { "form": "-", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "dual", "indicative", "passive", "second-person" ] }, { "form": "-", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "dual", "passive", "second-person", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "klawjamaz", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "first-person", "indicative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "klawjaim", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "first-person", "plural", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "-", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "first-person", "imperative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "klawjanþai", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "first-person", "indicative", "passive", "plural" ] }, { "form": "klawjainþau", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "first-person", "passive", "plural", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "klawiþ", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "indicative", "plural", "second-person" ] }, { "form": "klawjaiþ", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "plural", "second-person", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "klawiþ", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "imperative", "plural", "second-person" ] }, { "form": "klawjanþai", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "indicative", "passive", "plural", "second-person" ] }, { "form": "klawjainþau", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "passive", "plural", "second-person", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "klawjanþi", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "indicative", "plural", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "klawjain", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "plural", "subjunctive", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "klawjanþau", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "imperative", "plural", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "klawjanþai", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "indicative", "passive", "plural", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "klawjainþau", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "passive", "plural", "subjunctive", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "klōw", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "first-person", "indicative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "klōwį̄", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "first-person", "singular", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "klōwt", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "indicative", "second-person", "singular" ] }, { "form": "klōwīz", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "second-person", "singular", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "klōw", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "indicative", "singular", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "klōwī", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "singular", "subjunctive", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "klōwū", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "dual", "first-person", "indicative" ] }, { "form": "klōwīw", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "dual", "first-person", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "klōwudiz", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "dual", "indicative", "second-person" ] }, { "form": "klōwīdiz", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "dual", "second-person", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "klōwum", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "first-person", "indicative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "klōwīm", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "first-person", "plural", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "klōwud", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "indicative", "plural", "second-person" ] }, { "form": "klōwīd", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "plural", "second-person", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "klōwun", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "indicative", "plural", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "klōwīn", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "plural", "subjunctive", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "klawjandz", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "participle", "present" ] }, { "form": "klawanaz", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "participle", "past", "subjunctive" ] } ], "inflection_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "klaw", "2": "klōw", "3": "klōw", "4": "klaw", "class": "6", "j": "j" }, "name": "gem-conj-st-j" } ], "lang": "Proto-Germanic", "lang_code": "gem-pro", "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/klawjaną", "pos": "verb", "senses": [ { "categories": [ { "kind": "other", "name": "Pages with 1 entry", "parents": [], "source": "w" }, { "kind": "other", "name": "Pages with entries", "parents": [], "source": "w" }, { "kind": "other", "name": "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header", "parents": [ "Entries with incorrect language header", "Entry maintenance" ], "source": "w" } ], "derived": [ { "word": "klawō" } ], "glosses": [ "to claw or scratch" ], "id": "en-klawjaną-gem-pro-verb-t0MRo4NA", "links": [ [ "claw", "claw" ], [ "scratch", "scratch" ] ], "tags": [ "reconstruction" ], "wikipedia": [ "Brill Publishers" ] } ], "sounds": [ { "ipa": "/ˈklɑ.wjɑ.nɑ̃/" } ], "word": "klawjaną" }
{ "derived": [ { "word": "klawō" } ], "descendants": [ { "depth": 1, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "gmw-pro", "2": "*klauwjan" }, "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *klauwjan\nOld English: clawan; clāwan, *clīeġan (strong class 7)\nMiddle English: clawen, cleen\nEnglish: claw\nScots: claw\nOld Saxon: *klawian, *klōian\nMiddle Low German: klâwen, klowen, klouwen, klöuwen, kleien, kleyen, klayen, klegen, kleigen\nGerman Low German: klauen\nOld Dutch: *clōien, *clouen\nMiddle Dutch: clôyen, clooien, clouwen\nDutch: klooien, klauwen (remodelled after the noun, or from West Germanic *klawēn)\nOld High German: klawjan\nMiddle High German: kleuen, klæwen\nGerman: kläuen (dialectal or obsolete), klauen (remodelled after the noun, or from West Germanic *klawēn)", "name": "desctree" } ], "text": "Proto-West Germanic: *klauwjan\nOld English: clawan; clāwan, *clīeġan (strong class 7)\nMiddle English: clawen, cleen\nEnglish: claw\nScots: claw\nOld Saxon: *klawian, *klōian\nMiddle Low German: klâwen, klowen, klouwen, klöuwen, kleien, kleyen, klayen, klegen, kleigen\nGerman Low German: klauen\nOld Dutch: *clōien, *clouen\nMiddle Dutch: clôyen, clooien, clouwen\nDutch: klooien, klauwen (remodelled after the noun, or from West Germanic *klawēn)\nOld High German: klawjan\nMiddle High German: kleuen, klæwen\nGerman: kläuen (dialectal or obsolete), klauen (remodelled after the noun, or from West Germanic *klawēn)" }, { "depth": 1, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "non", "2": "klá" }, "expansion": "Old Norse: klá, kleyja\nIcelandic: klá\nFaroese: kláa\nNorwegian Nynorsk: klå\nNorwegian Bokmål: klø (< kleyja)\nOld Swedish: klā\nSwedish: klå", "name": "desctree" } ], "text": "Old Norse: klá, kleyja\nIcelandic: klá\nFaroese: kláa\nNorwegian Nynorsk: klå\nNorwegian Bokmål: klø (< kleyja)\nOld Swedish: klā\nSwedish: klå" }, { "depth": 1, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "urj-fin-pro", "2": "*kalvadak", "bor": "1" }, "expansion": "→ Proto-Finnic: *kalvadak", "name": "desc" }, { "args": {}, "expansion": "(see there for further descendants)", "name": "see desc" } ], "text": "→ Proto-Finnic: *kalvadak (see there for further descendants)" } ], "etymology_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "gem-pro", "2": "ine-pro", "3": "-" }, "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European", "name": "der" } ], "etymology_text": "Seemingly from a Proto-Indo-European root *glew- (“to claw, scratch”), with no certain cognates outside of Germanic. Some take the root to be from a base *gel- (“to make round, clench”).", "forms": [ { "form": "strong", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "table-tags" ] }, { "form": "gem-conj-st-j", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "inflection-template" ] }, { "form": "6 j-present", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "class" ] }, { "form": "klawjō", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "first-person", "indicative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "klawjaų", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "first-person", "singular", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "-", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "first-person", "imperative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "klawjai", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "first-person", "indicative", "passive", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "first-person", "passive", "singular", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "klawisi", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "indicative", "second-person", "singular" ] }, { "form": "klawjais", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "second-person", "singular", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "klawi", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "imperative", "second-person", "singular" ] }, { "form": "klawjasai", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "indicative", "passive", "second-person", "singular" ] }, { "form": "klawjaisau", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "passive", "second-person", "singular", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "klawiþi", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "indicative", "singular", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "klawjai", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "singular", "subjunctive", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "klawjaþau", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "imperative", "singular", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "klawjaþai", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "indicative", "passive", "singular", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "klawjaiþau", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "passive", "singular", "subjunctive", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "klawjōs", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "dual", "first-person", "indicative" ] }, { "form": "klawjaiw", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "dual", "first-person", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "-", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "dual", "first-person", "imperative" ] }, { "form": "-", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "dual", "first-person", "indicative", "passive" ] }, { "form": "-", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "dual", "first-person", "passive", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "klawjaþiz", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "dual", "indicative", "second-person" ] }, { "form": "klawjaiþiz", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "dual", "second-person", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "klawjaþiz", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "dual", "imperative", "second-person" ] }, { "form": "-", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "dual", "indicative", "passive", "second-person" ] }, { "form": "-", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "dual", "passive", "second-person", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "klawjamaz", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "first-person", "indicative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "klawjaim", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "first-person", "plural", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "-", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "first-person", "imperative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "klawjanþai", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "first-person", "indicative", "passive", "plural" ] }, { "form": "klawjainþau", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "first-person", "passive", "plural", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "klawiþ", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "indicative", "plural", "second-person" ] }, { "form": "klawjaiþ", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "plural", "second-person", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "klawiþ", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "imperative", "plural", "second-person" ] }, { "form": "klawjanþai", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "indicative", "passive", "plural", "second-person" ] }, { "form": "klawjainþau", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "passive", "plural", "second-person", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "klawjanþi", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "indicative", "plural", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "klawjain", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "plural", "subjunctive", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "klawjanþau", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "imperative", "plural", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "klawjanþai", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "indicative", "passive", "plural", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "klawjainþau", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "passive", "plural", "subjunctive", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "klōw", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "first-person", "indicative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "klōwį̄", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "first-person", "singular", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "klōwt", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "indicative", "second-person", "singular" ] }, { "form": "klōwīz", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "second-person", "singular", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "klōw", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "indicative", "singular", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "klōwī", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "singular", "subjunctive", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "klōwū", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "dual", "first-person", "indicative" ] }, { "form": "klōwīw", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "dual", "first-person", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "klōwudiz", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "dual", "indicative", "second-person" ] }, { "form": "klōwīdiz", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "dual", "second-person", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "klōwum", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "first-person", "indicative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "klōwīm", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "first-person", "plural", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "klōwud", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "indicative", "plural", "second-person" ] }, { "form": "klōwīd", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "plural", "second-person", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "klōwun", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "indicative", "plural", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "klōwīn", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "plural", "subjunctive", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "klawjandz", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "participle", "present" ] }, { "form": "klawanaz", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "active", "participle", "past", "subjunctive" ] } ], "inflection_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "klaw", "2": "klōw", "3": "klōw", "4": "klaw", "class": "6", "j": "j" }, "name": "gem-conj-st-j" } ], "lang": "Proto-Germanic", "lang_code": "gem-pro", "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/klawjaną", "pos": "verb", "senses": [ { "categories": [ "Pages with 1 entry", "Pages with entries", "Proto-Germanic class 6 strong j-present verbs", "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header", "Proto-Germanic lemmas", "Proto-Germanic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European", "Proto-Germanic verbs" ], "glosses": [ "to claw or scratch" ], "links": [ [ "claw", "claw" ], [ "scratch", "scratch" ] ], "tags": [ "reconstruction" ], "wikipedia": [ "Brill Publishers" ] } ], "sounds": [ { "ipa": "/ˈklɑ.wjɑ.nɑ̃/" } ], "word": "klawjaną" }
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This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-03-09 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-03-02 using wiktextract (32c88e6 and 633533e). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
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