"kaizwijaną" meaning in Proto-Germanic

See kaizwijaną in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Verb

IPA: /ˈkɑi̯.zwi.jɑ.nɑ̃/
Etymology: Uncertain, as the variations between *kaiz- and *kar- cannot be explained as being inherited from Proto-Indo-European. Pokorny compares Old Armenian կքեմ (kkʻem, “to bow, bend”) and Russian жи́хать (žíxatʹ, “to bend”), from Proto-Indo-European *ger- (“to bend, turn”), but this is purely speculative. Etymology templates: {{cog|xcl|կքեմ|t=to bow, bend}} Old Armenian կքեմ (kkʻem, “to bow, bend”), {{cog|ru|жи́хать|t=to bend}} Russian жи́хать (žíxatʹ, “to bend”), {{der|gem-pro|ine-pro|*ger-|t=to bend, turn}} Proto-Indo-European *ger- (“to bend, turn”) Inflection templates: {{gem-conj-wk1|kaizw|j=ij}} Forms: weak [table-tags], kaizwijō [active, first-person, indicative, singular], kaizwijaų [active, first-person, singular, subjunctive], - [active, first-person, imperative, singular], kaizwijai [first-person, indicative, passive, singular], - [first-person, passive, singular, subjunctive], kaizwīsi [active, indicative, second-person, singular], kaizwijais [active, second-person, singular, subjunctive], kaizwī [active, imperative, second-person, singular], kaizwijasai [indicative, passive, second-person, singular], kaizwijaisau [passive, second-person, singular, subjunctive], kaizwīþi [active, indicative, singular, third-person], kaizwijai [active, singular, subjunctive, third-person], kaizwijaþau [active, imperative, singular, third-person], kaizwijaþai [indicative, passive, singular, third-person], kaizwijaiþau [passive, singular, subjunctive, third-person], kaizwijōs [active, dual, first-person, indicative], kaizwijaiw [active, dual, first-person, subjunctive], - [active, dual, first-person, imperative], - [dual, first-person, indicative, passive], - [dual, first-person, passive, subjunctive], kaizwijaþiz [active, dual, indicative, second-person], kaizwijaiþiz [active, dual, second-person, subjunctive], kaizwijaþiz [active, dual, imperative, second-person], - [dual, indicative, passive, second-person], - [dual, passive, second-person, subjunctive], kaizwijamaz [active, first-person, indicative, plural], kaizwijaim [active, first-person, plural, subjunctive], - [active, first-person, imperative, plural], kaizwijanþai [first-person, indicative, passive, plural], kaizwijainþau [first-person, passive, plural, subjunctive], kaizwīþ [active, indicative, plural, second-person], kaizwijaiþ [active, plural, second-person, subjunctive], kaizwīþ [active, imperative, plural, second-person], kaizwijanþai [indicative, passive, plural, second-person], kaizwijainþau [passive, plural, second-person, subjunctive], kaizwijanþi [active, indicative, plural, third-person], kaizwijain [active, plural, subjunctive, third-person], kaizwijanþau [active, imperative, plural, third-person], kaizwijanþai [indicative, passive, plural, third-person], kaizwijainþau [passive, plural, subjunctive, third-person], kaizwidǭ [active, first-person, indicative, singular], kaizwidēdį̄ [active, first-person, singular, subjunctive], kaizwidēz [active, indicative, second-person, singular], kaizwidēdīz [active, second-person, singular, subjunctive], kaizwidē [active, indicative, singular, third-person], kaizwidēdī [active, singular, subjunctive, third-person], kaizwidēdū [active, dual, first-person, indicative], kaizwidēdīw [active, dual, first-person, subjunctive], kaizwidēdudiz [active, dual, indicative, second-person], kaizwidēdīdiz [active, dual, second-person, subjunctive], kaizwidēdum [active, first-person, indicative, plural], kaizwidēdīm [active, first-person, plural, subjunctive], kaizwidēdud [active, indicative, plural, second-person], kaizwidēdīd [active, plural, second-person, subjunctive], kaizwidēdun [active, indicative, plural, third-person], kaizwidēdīn [active, plural, subjunctive, third-person], kaizwijandz [active, participle, present], kaizwidaz [active, participle, past, subjunctive]
  1. to turn Tags: reconstruction
    Sense id: en-kaizwijaną-gem-pro-verb-4s29iXOP Categories (other): Pages with 1 entry, Pages with entries, Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of Pages with 1 entry: 50 50 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 50 50 Disambiguation of Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header: 50 50
  2. to direct Tags: reconstruction
    Sense id: en-kaizwijaną-gem-pro-verb-vtb0mfOH Categories (other): Pages with 1 entry, Pages with entries, Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of Pages with 1 entry: 50 50 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 50 50 Disambiguation of Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header: 50 50
{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gmw-pro",
            "2": "*kaiʀwijan"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *kaiʀwijan",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-West Germanic: *kaiʀwijan"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ang",
            "2": "cierran"
          },
          "expansion": "Old English: cierran",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gmw-pro",
            "2": "*kaʀʀjan"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *kaʀʀjan",
          "name": "cog"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gem-pro",
            "2": "*kazjaną"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *kazjaną",
          "name": "cog"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "< Proto-West Germanic <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"gmw-pro\">*kaʀʀjan</i> < Proto-Germanic <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"gem-pro\">*kazjaną</i>"
          },
          "expansion": "(< Proto-West Germanic *kaʀʀjan < Proto-Germanic *kazjaną)",
          "name": "gl"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old English: cierran (< Proto-West Germanic *kaʀʀjan < Proto-Germanic *kazjaną)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "enm",
            "2": "cherren",
            "3": "charren",
            "4": "charen"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle English: cherren, charren, charen",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle English: cherren, charren, charen"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "en",
            "2": "char",
            "3": "chare"
          },
          "expansion": "English: char, chare",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "English: char, chare"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sco",
            "2": "char",
            "3": "chare"
          },
          "expansion": "Scots: char, chare",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Scots: char, chare"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "osx",
            "2": "kērian"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Saxon: kērian",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Saxon: kērian"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gml",
            "2": "kēren"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle Low German: kēren",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle Low German: kēren"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "nds",
            "2": "keren"
          },
          "expansion": "Low German: keren",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Low German: keren"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "odt",
            "2": "*kēren"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Dutch: *kēren",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Dutch: *kēren"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "dum",
            "2": "kêren"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle Dutch: kêren",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle Dutch: kêren"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "nl",
            "2": "keren"
          },
          "expansion": "Dutch: keren",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Dutch: keren"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "goh",
            "2": "keren"
          },
          "expansion": "Old High German: keren",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old High German: keren"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gmh",
            "2": "keren"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle High German: keren",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle High German: keren"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "de",
            "2": "kehren"
          },
          "expansion": "German: kehren",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "German: kehren"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "non",
            "2": "keyra"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Norse: keyra",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Norse: keyra"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "is",
            "2": "keyra"
          },
          "expansion": "Icelandic: keyra",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Icelandic: keyra"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "fo",
            "2": "koyra"
          },
          "expansion": "Faroese: koyra",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Faroese: koyra"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "no",
            "2": "-"
          },
          "expansion": "Norwegian:",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Norwegian:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "nb",
            "2": "kjøre"
          },
          "expansion": "Norwegian Bokmål: kjøre",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Norwegian Bokmål: kjøre"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "nn",
            "2": "køyre"
          },
          "expansion": "Norwegian Nynorsk: køyre",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Norwegian Nynorsk: køyre"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gmq-osw",
            "2": "køra",
            "alt": "kø̄ra"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Swedish: kø̄ra",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Swedish: kø̄ra"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sv",
            "2": "köra"
          },
          "expansion": "Swedish: köra",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Swedish: köra"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gmq-oda",
            "2": "køræ",
            "alt": "kø̄ræ"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Danish: kø̄ræ",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Danish: kø̄ræ"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "da",
            "2": "køre"
          },
          "expansion": "Danish: køre",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Danish: køre"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ovd",
            "2": "tjyöra"
          },
          "expansion": "Elfdalian: tjyöra",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Elfdalian: tjyöra"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gmq-gut",
            "2": "kåire"
          },
          "expansion": "Gutnish: kåire",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Gutnish: kåire"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gmq-scy",
            "2": "køra"
          },
          "expansion": "Scanian: køra",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Scanian: køra"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "enm",
            "2": "cairen",
            "3": "kayren",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Middle English: cairen, kayren",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Middle English: cairen, kayren"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "en",
            "2": "cair"
          },
          "expansion": "English: cair",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "English: cair"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "xcl",
        "2": "կքեմ",
        "t": "to bow, bend"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Armenian կքեմ (kkʻem, “to bow, bend”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "2": "жи́хать",
        "t": "to bend"
      },
      "expansion": "Russian жи́хать (žíxatʹ, “to bend”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*ger-",
        "t": "to bend, turn"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ger- (“to bend, turn”)",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Uncertain, as the variations between *kaiz- and *kar- cannot be explained as being inherited from Proto-Indo-European. Pokorny compares Old Armenian կքեմ (kkʻem, “to bow, bend”) and Russian жи́хать (žíxatʹ, “to bend”), from Proto-Indo-European *ger- (“to bend, turn”), but this is purely speculative.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "weak",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gem-conj-wk1",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "1",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kaizwijō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kaizwijaų",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kaizwijai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "passive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "passive",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kaizwīsi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kaizwijais",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kaizwī",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "imperative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kaizwijasai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "passive",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kaizwijaisau",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "passive",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kaizwīþi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kaizwijai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kaizwijaþau",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "imperative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kaizwijaþai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "passive",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kaizwijaiþau",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "passive",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kaizwijōs",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "indicative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kaizwijaiw",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "passive",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kaizwijaþiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "indicative",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kaizwijaiþiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kaizwijaþiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "imperative",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "indicative",
        "passive",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "passive",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kaizwijamaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kaizwijaim",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kaizwijanþai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "passive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kaizwijainþau",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "passive",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kaizwīþ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kaizwijaiþ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kaizwīþ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kaizwijanþai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "passive",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kaizwijainþau",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "passive",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kaizwijanþi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kaizwijain",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kaizwijanþau",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kaizwijanþai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "passive",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kaizwijainþau",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "passive",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kaizwidǭ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kaizwidēdį̄",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kaizwidēz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kaizwidēdīz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kaizwidē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kaizwidēdī",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kaizwidēdū",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "indicative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kaizwidēdīw",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kaizwidēdudiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "indicative",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kaizwidēdīdiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kaizwidēdum",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kaizwidēdīm",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kaizwidēdud",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kaizwidēdīd",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kaizwidēdun",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kaizwidēdīn",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kaizwijandz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kaizwidaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "participle",
        "past",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "kaizw",
        "j": "ij"
      },
      "name": "gem-conj-wk1"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Germanic",
  "lang_code": "gem-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/kaizwijaną",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "50 50",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "50 50",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "50 50",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to turn"
      ],
      "id": "en-kaizwijaną-gem-pro-verb-4s29iXOP",
      "links": [
        [
          "turn",
          "turn"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "50 50",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "50 50",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "50 50",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to direct"
      ],
      "id": "en-kaizwijaną-gem-pro-verb-vtb0mfOH",
      "links": [
        [
          "direct",
          "direct"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈkɑi̯.zwi.jɑ.nɑ̃/"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "Brill Publishers"
  ],
  "word": "kaizwijaną"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "Pages with 1 entry",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Proto-Germanic class 1 weak verbs",
    "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
    "Proto-Germanic lemmas",
    "Proto-Germanic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "Proto-Germanic verbs"
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gmw-pro",
            "2": "*kaiʀwijan"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *kaiʀwijan",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-West Germanic: *kaiʀwijan"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ang",
            "2": "cierran"
          },
          "expansion": "Old English: cierran",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gmw-pro",
            "2": "*kaʀʀjan"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *kaʀʀjan",
          "name": "cog"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gem-pro",
            "2": "*kazjaną"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *kazjaną",
          "name": "cog"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "< Proto-West Germanic <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"gmw-pro\">*kaʀʀjan</i> < Proto-Germanic <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"gem-pro\">*kazjaną</i>"
          },
          "expansion": "(< Proto-West Germanic *kaʀʀjan < Proto-Germanic *kazjaną)",
          "name": "gl"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old English: cierran (< Proto-West Germanic *kaʀʀjan < Proto-Germanic *kazjaną)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "enm",
            "2": "cherren",
            "3": "charren",
            "4": "charen"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle English: cherren, charren, charen",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle English: cherren, charren, charen"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "en",
            "2": "char",
            "3": "chare"
          },
          "expansion": "English: char, chare",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "English: char, chare"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sco",
            "2": "char",
            "3": "chare"
          },
          "expansion": "Scots: char, chare",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Scots: char, chare"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "osx",
            "2": "kērian"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Saxon: kērian",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Saxon: kērian"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gml",
            "2": "kēren"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle Low German: kēren",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle Low German: kēren"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "nds",
            "2": "keren"
          },
          "expansion": "Low German: keren",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Low German: keren"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "odt",
            "2": "*kēren"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Dutch: *kēren",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Dutch: *kēren"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "dum",
            "2": "kêren"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle Dutch: kêren",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle Dutch: kêren"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "nl",
            "2": "keren"
          },
          "expansion": "Dutch: keren",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Dutch: keren"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "goh",
            "2": "keren"
          },
          "expansion": "Old High German: keren",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old High German: keren"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gmh",
            "2": "keren"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle High German: keren",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle High German: keren"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "de",
            "2": "kehren"
          },
          "expansion": "German: kehren",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "German: kehren"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "non",
            "2": "keyra"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Norse: keyra",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Norse: keyra"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "is",
            "2": "keyra"
          },
          "expansion": "Icelandic: keyra",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Icelandic: keyra"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "fo",
            "2": "koyra"
          },
          "expansion": "Faroese: koyra",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Faroese: koyra"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "no",
            "2": "-"
          },
          "expansion": "Norwegian:",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Norwegian:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "nb",
            "2": "kjøre"
          },
          "expansion": "Norwegian Bokmål: kjøre",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Norwegian Bokmål: kjøre"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "nn",
            "2": "køyre"
          },
          "expansion": "Norwegian Nynorsk: køyre",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Norwegian Nynorsk: køyre"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gmq-osw",
            "2": "køra",
            "alt": "kø̄ra"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Swedish: kø̄ra",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Swedish: kø̄ra"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sv",
            "2": "köra"
          },
          "expansion": "Swedish: köra",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Swedish: köra"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gmq-oda",
            "2": "køræ",
            "alt": "kø̄ræ"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Danish: kø̄ræ",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Danish: kø̄ræ"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "da",
            "2": "køre"
          },
          "expansion": "Danish: køre",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Danish: køre"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ovd",
            "2": "tjyöra"
          },
          "expansion": "Elfdalian: tjyöra",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Elfdalian: tjyöra"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gmq-gut",
            "2": "kåire"
          },
          "expansion": "Gutnish: kåire",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Gutnish: kåire"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gmq-scy",
            "2": "køra"
          },
          "expansion": "Scanian: køra",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Scanian: køra"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "enm",
            "2": "cairen",
            "3": "kayren",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Middle English: cairen, kayren",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Middle English: cairen, kayren"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "en",
            "2": "cair"
          },
          "expansion": "English: cair",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "English: cair"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "xcl",
        "2": "կքեմ",
        "t": "to bow, bend"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Armenian կքեմ (kkʻem, “to bow, bend”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "2": "жи́хать",
        "t": "to bend"
      },
      "expansion": "Russian жи́хать (žíxatʹ, “to bend”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*ger-",
        "t": "to bend, turn"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ger- (“to bend, turn”)",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Uncertain, as the variations between *kaiz- and *kar- cannot be explained as being inherited from Proto-Indo-European. Pokorny compares Old Armenian կքեմ (kkʻem, “to bow, bend”) and Russian жи́хать (žíxatʹ, “to bend”), from Proto-Indo-European *ger- (“to bend, turn”), but this is purely speculative.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "weak",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gem-conj-wk1",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "1",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kaizwijō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kaizwijaų",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kaizwijai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "passive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "passive",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kaizwīsi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kaizwijais",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kaizwī",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "imperative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kaizwijasai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "passive",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kaizwijaisau",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "passive",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kaizwīþi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kaizwijai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kaizwijaþau",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "imperative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kaizwijaþai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "passive",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kaizwijaiþau",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "passive",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kaizwijōs",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "indicative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kaizwijaiw",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "passive",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kaizwijaþiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "indicative",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kaizwijaiþiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kaizwijaþiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "imperative",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "indicative",
        "passive",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "passive",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kaizwijamaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kaizwijaim",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kaizwijanþai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "passive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kaizwijainþau",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "passive",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kaizwīþ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kaizwijaiþ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kaizwīþ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kaizwijanþai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "passive",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kaizwijainþau",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "passive",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kaizwijanþi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kaizwijain",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kaizwijanþau",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kaizwijanþai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "passive",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kaizwijainþau",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "passive",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kaizwidǭ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kaizwidēdį̄",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kaizwidēz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kaizwidēdīz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kaizwidē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kaizwidēdī",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kaizwidēdū",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "indicative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kaizwidēdīw",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kaizwidēdudiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "indicative",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kaizwidēdīdiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kaizwidēdum",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kaizwidēdīm",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kaizwidēdud",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kaizwidēdīd",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kaizwidēdun",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kaizwidēdīn",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kaizwijandz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kaizwidaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "participle",
        "past",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "kaizw",
        "j": "ij"
      },
      "name": "gem-conj-wk1"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Germanic",
  "lang_code": "gem-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/kaizwijaną",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to turn"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "turn",
          "turn"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to direct"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "direct",
          "direct"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈkɑi̯.zwi.jɑ.nɑ̃/"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "Brill Publishers"
  ],
  "word": "kaizwijaną"
}

Download raw JSONL data for kaizwijaną meaning in Proto-Germanic (12.9kB)


This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (d8cb2f3 and 4e554ae). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.