See kaizwijaną in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*kaiʀwijan"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *kaiʀwijan",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *kaiʀwijan"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "cierran"
},
"expansion": "Old English: cierran",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*kaʀʀjan"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *kaʀʀjan",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*kazjaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *kazjaną",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "< Proto-West Germanic <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"gmw-pro\">*kaʀʀjan</i> < Proto-Germanic <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"gem-pro\">*kazjaną</i>"
},
"expansion": "(< Proto-West Germanic *kaʀʀjan < Proto-Germanic *kazjaną)",
"name": "gl"
}
],
"text": "Old English: cierran (< Proto-West Germanic *kaʀʀjan < Proto-Germanic *kazjaną)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "cherren",
"3": "charren",
"4": "charen"
},
"expansion": "Middle English: cherren, charren, charen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle English: cherren, charren, charen"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "char",
"3": "chare"
},
"expansion": "English: char, chare",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: char, chare"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "char",
"3": "chare"
},
"expansion": "Scots: char, chare",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: char, chare"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "kērian"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon: kērian",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Saxon: kērian"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "kēren"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German: kēren",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Low German: kēren"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "keren"
},
"expansion": "Low German: keren",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Low German: keren"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "*kēren"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch: *kēren",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Dutch: *kēren"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "kêren"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch: kêren",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Dutch: kêren"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "keren"
},
"expansion": "Dutch: keren",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Dutch: keren"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "keren"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: keren",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: keren"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "keren"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German: keren",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle High German: keren"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "kehren"
},
"expansion": "German: kehren",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "German: kehren"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "keyra"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: keyra",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: keyra"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "keyra"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic: keyra",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Icelandic: keyra"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fo",
"2": "koyra"
},
"expansion": "Faroese: koyra",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Faroese: koyra"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Norwegian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "kjøre"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian Bokmål: kjøre",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Norwegian Bokmål: kjøre"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "køyre"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian Nynorsk: køyre",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Norwegian Nynorsk: køyre"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmq-osw",
"2": "køra",
"alt": "kø̄ra"
},
"expansion": "Old Swedish: kø̄ra",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Swedish: kø̄ra"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "köra"
},
"expansion": "Swedish: köra",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Swedish: köra"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmq-oda",
"2": "køræ",
"alt": "kø̄ræ"
},
"expansion": "Old Danish: kø̄ræ",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Danish: kø̄ræ"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "køre"
},
"expansion": "Danish: køre",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Danish: køre"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ovd",
"2": "tjyöra"
},
"expansion": "Elfdalian: tjyöra",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Elfdalian: tjyöra"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmq-gut",
"2": "kåire"
},
"expansion": "Gutnish: kåire",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gutnish: kåire"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmq-scy",
"2": "køra"
},
"expansion": "Scanian: køra",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scanian: køra"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "cairen",
"3": "kayren",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Middle English: cairen, kayren",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Middle English: cairen, kayren"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "cair"
},
"expansion": "English: cair",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: cair"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xcl",
"2": "կքեմ",
"t": "to bow, bend"
},
"expansion": "Old Armenian կքեմ (kkʻem, “to bow, bend”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "жи́хать",
"t": "to bend"
},
"expansion": "Russian жи́хать (žíxatʹ, “to bend”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ger-",
"t": "to bend, turn"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ger- (“to bend, turn”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*geys-",
"t": "to turn, become"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *geys- (“to turn, become”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hit",
"t": "to happen, occur, become",
"tr": "kīša(ri) ~ kišanta(ri)"
},
"expansion": "Hittite [script needed] (kīša(ri) ~ kišanta(ri), “to happen, occur, become”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Uncertain, as the variations between *kaiz- and *kar- cannot be explained as being inherited from Proto-Indo-European. Pokorny compares Old Armenian կքեմ (kkʻem, “to bow, bend”) and Russian жи́хать (žíxatʹ, “to bend”), from Proto-Indo-European *ger- (“to bend, turn”), but this is purely speculative. Kroonen instead derives the verb from a Proto-Indo-European *geys- (“to turn, become”), and compares Hittite [script needed] (kīša(ri) ~ kišanta(ri), “to happen, occur, become”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-conj-wk1",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "kaizwijō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"indicative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kaizwijaų",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"imperative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kaizwijai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"passive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"passive",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "kaizwīsi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kaizwijais",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "kaizwī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"imperative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kaizwijasai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"passive",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kaizwijaisau",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"passive",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "kaizwīþi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kaizwijai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kaizwijaþau",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"imperative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kaizwijaþai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"passive",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kaizwijaiþau",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"passive",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kaizwijōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"dual",
"first-person",
"indicative"
]
},
{
"form": "kaizwijaiw",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"dual",
"first-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"dual",
"first-person",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"first-person",
"indicative",
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"first-person",
"passive",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "kaizwijaþiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"dual",
"indicative",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kaizwijaiþiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"dual",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "kaizwijaþiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"dual",
"imperative",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"indicative",
"passive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"passive",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "kaizwijamaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"indicative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kaizwijaim",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"imperative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kaizwijanþai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"passive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kaizwijainþau",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"passive",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "kaizwīþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kaizwijaiþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "kaizwīþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"imperative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kaizwijanþai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"passive",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kaizwijainþau",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"passive",
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "kaizwijanþi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kaizwijain",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kaizwijanþau",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"imperative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kaizwijanþai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"passive",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kaizwijainþau",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"passive",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kaizwidǭ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"indicative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kaizwidēdį̄",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "kaizwidēz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kaizwidēdīz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "kaizwidē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kaizwidēdī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kaizwidēdū",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"dual",
"first-person",
"indicative"
]
},
{
"form": "kaizwidēdīw",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"dual",
"first-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "kaizwidēdudiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"dual",
"indicative",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kaizwidēdīdiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"dual",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "kaizwidēdum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"indicative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kaizwidēdīm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "kaizwidēdud",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kaizwidēdīd",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "kaizwidēdun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kaizwidēdīn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kaizwijandz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "kaizwidaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"participle",
"past",
"subjunctive"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kaizw",
"j": "ij"
},
"name": "gem-conj-wk1"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/kaizwijaną",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to turn"
],
"id": "en-kaizwijaną-gem-pro-verb-4s29iXOP",
"links": [
[
"turn",
"turn"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to direct"
],
"id": "en-kaizwijaną-gem-pro-verb-vtb0mfOH",
"links": [
[
"direct",
"direct"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkɑi̯.zwi.jɑ.nɑ̃/"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers"
],
"word": "kaizwijaną"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Germanic class 1 weak verbs",
"Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-Germanic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Germanic verbs",
"Requests for native script for Hittite terms"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*kaiʀwijan"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *kaiʀwijan",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *kaiʀwijan"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "cierran"
},
"expansion": "Old English: cierran",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*kaʀʀjan"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *kaʀʀjan",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*kazjaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *kazjaną",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "< Proto-West Germanic <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"gmw-pro\">*kaʀʀjan</i> < Proto-Germanic <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"gem-pro\">*kazjaną</i>"
},
"expansion": "(< Proto-West Germanic *kaʀʀjan < Proto-Germanic *kazjaną)",
"name": "gl"
}
],
"text": "Old English: cierran (< Proto-West Germanic *kaʀʀjan < Proto-Germanic *kazjaną)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "cherren",
"3": "charren",
"4": "charen"
},
"expansion": "Middle English: cherren, charren, charen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle English: cherren, charren, charen"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "char",
"3": "chare"
},
"expansion": "English: char, chare",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: char, chare"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "char",
"3": "chare"
},
"expansion": "Scots: char, chare",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: char, chare"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "kērian"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon: kērian",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Saxon: kērian"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "kēren"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German: kēren",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Low German: kēren"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "keren"
},
"expansion": "Low German: keren",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Low German: keren"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "*kēren"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch: *kēren",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Dutch: *kēren"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "kêren"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch: kêren",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Dutch: kêren"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "keren"
},
"expansion": "Dutch: keren",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Dutch: keren"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "keren"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: keren",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: keren"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "keren"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German: keren",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle High German: keren"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "kehren"
},
"expansion": "German: kehren",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "German: kehren"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "keyra"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: keyra",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: keyra"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "keyra"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic: keyra",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Icelandic: keyra"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fo",
"2": "koyra"
},
"expansion": "Faroese: koyra",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Faroese: koyra"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Norwegian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "kjøre"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian Bokmål: kjøre",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Norwegian Bokmål: kjøre"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "køyre"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian Nynorsk: køyre",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Norwegian Nynorsk: køyre"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmq-osw",
"2": "køra",
"alt": "kø̄ra"
},
"expansion": "Old Swedish: kø̄ra",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Swedish: kø̄ra"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "köra"
},
"expansion": "Swedish: köra",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Swedish: köra"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmq-oda",
"2": "køræ",
"alt": "kø̄ræ"
},
"expansion": "Old Danish: kø̄ræ",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Danish: kø̄ræ"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "køre"
},
"expansion": "Danish: køre",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Danish: køre"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ovd",
"2": "tjyöra"
},
"expansion": "Elfdalian: tjyöra",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Elfdalian: tjyöra"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmq-gut",
"2": "kåire"
},
"expansion": "Gutnish: kåire",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gutnish: kåire"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmq-scy",
"2": "køra"
},
"expansion": "Scanian: køra",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scanian: køra"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "cairen",
"3": "kayren",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Middle English: cairen, kayren",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Middle English: cairen, kayren"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "cair"
},
"expansion": "English: cair",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: cair"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xcl",
"2": "կքեմ",
"t": "to bow, bend"
},
"expansion": "Old Armenian կքեմ (kkʻem, “to bow, bend”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "жи́хать",
"t": "to bend"
},
"expansion": "Russian жи́хать (žíxatʹ, “to bend”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ger-",
"t": "to bend, turn"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ger- (“to bend, turn”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*geys-",
"t": "to turn, become"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *geys- (“to turn, become”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hit",
"t": "to happen, occur, become",
"tr": "kīša(ri) ~ kišanta(ri)"
},
"expansion": "Hittite [script needed] (kīša(ri) ~ kišanta(ri), “to happen, occur, become”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Uncertain, as the variations between *kaiz- and *kar- cannot be explained as being inherited from Proto-Indo-European. Pokorny compares Old Armenian կքեմ (kkʻem, “to bow, bend”) and Russian жи́хать (žíxatʹ, “to bend”), from Proto-Indo-European *ger- (“to bend, turn”), but this is purely speculative. Kroonen instead derives the verb from a Proto-Indo-European *geys- (“to turn, become”), and compares Hittite [script needed] (kīša(ri) ~ kišanta(ri), “to happen, occur, become”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-conj-wk1",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "kaizwijō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"indicative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kaizwijaų",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"imperative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kaizwijai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"passive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"passive",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "kaizwīsi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kaizwijais",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "kaizwī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"imperative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kaizwijasai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"passive",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kaizwijaisau",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"passive",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "kaizwīþi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kaizwijai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kaizwijaþau",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"imperative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kaizwijaþai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"passive",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kaizwijaiþau",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"passive",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kaizwijōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"dual",
"first-person",
"indicative"
]
},
{
"form": "kaizwijaiw",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"dual",
"first-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"dual",
"first-person",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"first-person",
"indicative",
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"first-person",
"passive",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "kaizwijaþiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"dual",
"indicative",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kaizwijaiþiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"dual",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "kaizwijaþiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"dual",
"imperative",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"indicative",
"passive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"passive",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "kaizwijamaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"indicative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kaizwijaim",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"imperative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kaizwijanþai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"passive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kaizwijainþau",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"passive",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "kaizwīþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kaizwijaiþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "kaizwīþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"imperative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kaizwijanþai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"passive",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kaizwijainþau",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"passive",
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "kaizwijanþi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kaizwijain",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kaizwijanþau",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"imperative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kaizwijanþai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"passive",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kaizwijainþau",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"passive",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kaizwidǭ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"indicative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kaizwidēdį̄",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "kaizwidēz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kaizwidēdīz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "kaizwidē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kaizwidēdī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kaizwidēdū",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"dual",
"first-person",
"indicative"
]
},
{
"form": "kaizwidēdīw",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"dual",
"first-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "kaizwidēdudiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"dual",
"indicative",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kaizwidēdīdiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"dual",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "kaizwidēdum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"indicative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kaizwidēdīm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "kaizwidēdud",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kaizwidēdīd",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "kaizwidēdun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kaizwidēdīn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kaizwijandz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "kaizwidaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"participle",
"past",
"subjunctive"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kaizw",
"j": "ij"
},
"name": "gem-conj-wk1"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/kaizwijaną",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to turn"
],
"links": [
[
"turn",
"turn"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to direct"
],
"links": [
[
"direct",
"direct"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkɑi̯.zwi.jɑ.nɑ̃/"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers"
],
"word": "kaizwijaną"
}
Download raw JSONL data for kaizwijaną meaning in Proto-Germanic (13.5kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-04-08 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-04-03 using wiktextract (51d164f and fb63907). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.