"hwalbijaną" meaning in Proto-Germanic

See hwalbijaną in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Verb

Etymology: From *hwalbaz (“curved, vaulted”) + *-janą or a causative verb from *hwelbaną (“to curve, vault”) + *-janą. Etymology templates: {{suffix|gem-pro|*hwalbaz|*-janą|id2=factitive|t1=curved, vaulted}} *hwalbaz (“curved, vaulted”) + *-janą, {{suffix|gem-pro|*hwelbaną|*-janą|id2=causative|t1=to curve, vault}} *hwelbaną (“to curve, vault”) + *-janą Inflection templates: {{gem-conj-wk1|hwalb|j=ij}} Forms: no-table-tags [table-tags], hwalbijō [active, first-person, indicative, singular], hwalbijaų [active, first-person, singular, subjunctive], - [active, first-person, imperative, singular], hwalbijai [first-person, indicative, passive, singular], - [first-person, passive, singular, subjunctive], hwalbīsi [active, indicative, second-person, singular], hwalbijais [active, second-person, singular, subjunctive], hwalbī [active, imperative, second-person, singular], hwalbijasai [indicative, passive, second-person, singular], hwalbijaisau [passive, second-person, singular, subjunctive], hwalbīþi [active, indicative, singular, third-person], hwalbijai [active, singular, subjunctive, third-person], hwalbijaþau [active, imperative, singular, third-person], hwalbijaþai [indicative, passive, singular, third-person], hwalbijaiþau [passive, singular, subjunctive, third-person], hwalbijōs [active, dual, first-person, indicative], hwalbijaiw [active, dual, first-person, subjunctive], - [active, dual, first-person, imperative], - [dual, first-person, indicative, passive], - [dual, first-person, passive, subjunctive], hwalbijaþiz [active, dual, indicative, second-person], hwalbijaiþiz [active, dual, second-person, subjunctive], hwalbijaþiz [active, dual, imperative, second-person], - [dual, indicative, passive, second-person], - [dual, passive, second-person, subjunctive], hwalbijamaz [active, first-person, indicative, plural], hwalbijaim [active, first-person, plural, subjunctive], - [active, first-person, imperative, plural], hwalbijanþai [first-person, indicative, passive, plural], hwalbijainþau [first-person, passive, plural, subjunctive], hwalbīþ [active, indicative, plural, second-person], hwalbijaiþ [active, plural, second-person, subjunctive], hwalbīþ [active, imperative, plural, second-person], hwalbijanþai [indicative, passive, plural, second-person], hwalbijainþau [passive, plural, second-person, subjunctive], hwalbijanþi [active, indicative, plural, third-person], hwalbijain [active, plural, subjunctive, third-person], hwalbijanþau [active, imperative, plural, third-person], hwalbijanþai [indicative, passive, plural, third-person], hwalbijainþau [passive, plural, subjunctive, third-person], hwalbidǭ [active, first-person, indicative, singular], hwalbidēdį̄ [active, first-person, singular, subjunctive], hwalbidēz [active, indicative, second-person, singular], hwalbidēdīz [active, second-person, singular, subjunctive], hwalbidē [active, indicative, singular, third-person], hwalbidēdī [active, singular, subjunctive, third-person], hwalbidēdū [active, dual, first-person, indicative], hwalbidēdīw [active, dual, first-person, subjunctive], hwalbidēdudiz [active, dual, indicative, second-person], hwalbidēdīdiz [active, dual, second-person, subjunctive], hwalbidēdum [active, first-person, indicative, plural], hwalbidēdīm [active, first-person, plural, subjunctive], hwalbidēdud [active, indicative, plural, second-person], hwalbidēdīd [active, plural, second-person, subjunctive], hwalbidēdun [active, indicative, plural, third-person], hwalbidēdīn [active, plural, subjunctive, third-person], hwalbijandz [active, participle, present], hwalbidaz [active, participle, past, subjunctive]
  1. to cause to turn over Tags: reconstruction
    Sense id: en-hwalbijaną-gem-pro-verb-CYyJJ2LK Categories (other): Pages with 1 entry, Pages with entries, Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header, Proto-Germanic terms suffixed with *-janą (causative), Proto-Germanic terms suffixed with *-janą (factitive) Disambiguation of Pages with 1 entry: 67 33 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 86 14 Disambiguation of Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header: 92 8 Disambiguation of Proto-Germanic terms suffixed with *-janą (causative): 93 7 Disambiguation of Proto-Germanic terms suffixed with *-janą (factitive): 93 7
  2. to vault Tags: reconstruction
    Sense id: en-hwalbijaną-gem-pro-verb-mJYoIrCc
{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "lang": "Old English",
              "lang_code": "ang",
              "raw_tags": [
                "reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
              ],
              "word": "behwielfan"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Old English",
              "lang_code": "ang",
              "raw_tags": [
                "reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
              ],
              "word": "behwylfan"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Old English",
          "lang_code": "ang",
          "word": "*hwielfan"
        },
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "lang": "Old English",
              "lang_code": "ang",
              "raw_tags": [
                "reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
              ],
              "word": "behwielfan"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Old English",
              "lang_code": "ang",
              "raw_tags": [
                "reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
              ],
              "word": "behwylfan"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Old English",
          "lang_code": "ang",
          "word": "*hwylfan"
        },
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "lang": "Old Saxon",
              "lang_code": "osx",
              "raw_tags": [
                "reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
              ],
              "word": "bihwelvian"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Old Saxon",
          "lang_code": "osx",
          "word": "*hwelbian"
        },
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "descendants": [
                {
                  "lang": "Dutch",
                  "lang_code": "nl",
                  "word": "welven"
                }
              ],
              "lang": "Middle Dutch",
              "lang_code": "dum",
              "word": "welven"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Old Dutch",
          "lang_code": "odt",
          "word": "*welven"
        },
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "descendants": [
                {
                  "lang": "German",
                  "lang_code": "de",
                  "word": "wölben"
                }
              ],
              "lang": "Middle High German",
              "lang_code": "gmh",
              "word": "welben"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Old High German",
          "lang_code": "goh",
          "word": "*welben"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
      "lang_code": "gmw-pro",
      "word": "*hwalbijan"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "lang": "Icelandic",
          "lang_code": "is",
          "word": "hvelfa"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Icelandic",
          "lang_code": "is",
          "word": "hvolfa"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Icelandic",
          "lang_code": "is",
          "word": "hvölfa"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Faroese",
          "lang_code": "fo",
          "word": "hvølfa"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
          "lang_code": "nn",
          "tags": [
            "dialectal"
          ],
          "word": "kvelva"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
          "lang_code": "nn",
          "word": "kvolva"
        },
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "lang": "Swedish",
              "lang_code": "sv",
              "word": "välva"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Swedish",
              "lang_code": "sv",
              "word": "hvälfva"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Old Swedish",
          "lang_code": "gmq-osw",
          "word": "hvælva"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Old Norse",
      "lang_code": "non",
      "word": "hvelfa"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "*hwalbaz",
        "3": "*-janą",
        "id2": "factitive",
        "t1": "curved, vaulted"
      },
      "expansion": "*hwalbaz (“curved, vaulted”) + *-janą",
      "name": "suffix"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "*hwelbaną",
        "3": "*-janą",
        "id2": "causative",
        "t1": "to curve, vault"
      },
      "expansion": "*hwelbaną (“to curve, vault”) + *-janą",
      "name": "suffix"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From *hwalbaz (“curved, vaulted”) + *-janą or a causative verb from *hwelbaną (“to curve, vault”) + *-janą.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gem-conj-wk1",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hwalbijō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hwalbijaų",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hwalbijai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "passive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "passive",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hwalbīsi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hwalbijais",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hwalbī",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "imperative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hwalbijasai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "passive",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hwalbijaisau",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "passive",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hwalbīþi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hwalbijai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hwalbijaþau",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "imperative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hwalbijaþai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "passive",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hwalbijaiþau",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "passive",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hwalbijōs",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "indicative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hwalbijaiw",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "passive",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hwalbijaþiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "indicative",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hwalbijaiþiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hwalbijaþiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "imperative",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "indicative",
        "passive",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "passive",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hwalbijamaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hwalbijaim",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hwalbijanþai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "passive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hwalbijainþau",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "passive",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hwalbīþ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hwalbijaiþ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hwalbīþ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hwalbijanþai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "passive",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hwalbijainþau",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "passive",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hwalbijanþi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hwalbijain",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hwalbijanþau",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hwalbijanþai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "passive",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hwalbijainþau",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "passive",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hwalbidǭ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hwalbidēdį̄",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hwalbidēz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hwalbidēdīz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hwalbidē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hwalbidēdī",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hwalbidēdū",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "indicative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hwalbidēdīw",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hwalbidēdudiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "indicative",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hwalbidēdīdiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hwalbidēdum",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hwalbidēdīm",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hwalbidēdud",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hwalbidēdīd",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hwalbidēdun",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hwalbidēdīn",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hwalbijandz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hwalbidaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "participle",
        "past",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "hwalb",
        "j": "ij"
      },
      "name": "gem-conj-wk1"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Germanic",
  "lang_code": "gem-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hwalbijaną",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "67 33",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "86 14",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "92 8",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "93 7",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-Germanic terms suffixed with *-janą (causative)",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "93 7",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-Germanic terms suffixed with *-janą (factitive)",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to cause to turn over"
      ],
      "id": "en-hwalbijaną-gem-pro-verb-CYyJJ2LK",
      "links": [
        [
          "cause",
          "cause"
        ],
        [
          "turn over",
          "turn over"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to vault"
      ],
      "id": "en-hwalbijaną-gem-pro-verb-mJYoIrCc",
      "links": [
        [
          "vault",
          "vault"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "other": "/ˈxʷɑl.βi.jɑ.nɑ̃/"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "Brill Publishers"
  ],
  "word": "hwalbijaną"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "Pages with 1 entry",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Proto-Germanic class 1 weak verbs",
    "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
    "Proto-Germanic lemmas",
    "Proto-Germanic terms suffixed with *-janą (causative)",
    "Proto-Germanic terms suffixed with *-janą (factitive)",
    "Proto-Germanic terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Proto-Germanic verbs"
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "lang": "Old English",
              "lang_code": "ang",
              "raw_tags": [
                "reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
              ],
              "word": "behwielfan"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Old English",
              "lang_code": "ang",
              "raw_tags": [
                "reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
              ],
              "word": "behwylfan"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Old English",
          "lang_code": "ang",
          "word": "*hwielfan"
        },
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "lang": "Old English",
              "lang_code": "ang",
              "raw_tags": [
                "reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
              ],
              "word": "behwielfan"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Old English",
              "lang_code": "ang",
              "raw_tags": [
                "reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
              ],
              "word": "behwylfan"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Old English",
          "lang_code": "ang",
          "word": "*hwylfan"
        },
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "lang": "Old Saxon",
              "lang_code": "osx",
              "raw_tags": [
                "reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
              ],
              "word": "bihwelvian"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Old Saxon",
          "lang_code": "osx",
          "word": "*hwelbian"
        },
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "descendants": [
                {
                  "lang": "Dutch",
                  "lang_code": "nl",
                  "word": "welven"
                }
              ],
              "lang": "Middle Dutch",
              "lang_code": "dum",
              "word": "welven"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Old Dutch",
          "lang_code": "odt",
          "word": "*welven"
        },
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "descendants": [
                {
                  "lang": "German",
                  "lang_code": "de",
                  "word": "wölben"
                }
              ],
              "lang": "Middle High German",
              "lang_code": "gmh",
              "word": "welben"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Old High German",
          "lang_code": "goh",
          "word": "*welben"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
      "lang_code": "gmw-pro",
      "word": "*hwalbijan"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "lang": "Icelandic",
          "lang_code": "is",
          "word": "hvelfa"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Icelandic",
          "lang_code": "is",
          "word": "hvolfa"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Icelandic",
          "lang_code": "is",
          "word": "hvölfa"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Faroese",
          "lang_code": "fo",
          "word": "hvølfa"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
          "lang_code": "nn",
          "tags": [
            "dialectal"
          ],
          "word": "kvelva"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
          "lang_code": "nn",
          "word": "kvolva"
        },
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "lang": "Swedish",
              "lang_code": "sv",
              "word": "välva"
            },
            {
              "lang": "Swedish",
              "lang_code": "sv",
              "word": "hvälfva"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Old Swedish",
          "lang_code": "gmq-osw",
          "word": "hvælva"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Old Norse",
      "lang_code": "non",
      "word": "hvelfa"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "*hwalbaz",
        "3": "*-janą",
        "id2": "factitive",
        "t1": "curved, vaulted"
      },
      "expansion": "*hwalbaz (“curved, vaulted”) + *-janą",
      "name": "suffix"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "*hwelbaną",
        "3": "*-janą",
        "id2": "causative",
        "t1": "to curve, vault"
      },
      "expansion": "*hwelbaną (“to curve, vault”) + *-janą",
      "name": "suffix"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From *hwalbaz (“curved, vaulted”) + *-janą or a causative verb from *hwelbaną (“to curve, vault”) + *-janą.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gem-conj-wk1",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hwalbijō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hwalbijaų",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hwalbijai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "passive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "passive",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hwalbīsi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hwalbijais",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hwalbī",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "imperative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hwalbijasai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "passive",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hwalbijaisau",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "passive",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hwalbīþi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hwalbijai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hwalbijaþau",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "imperative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hwalbijaþai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "passive",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hwalbijaiþau",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "passive",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hwalbijōs",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "indicative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hwalbijaiw",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "passive",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hwalbijaþiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "indicative",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hwalbijaiþiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hwalbijaþiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "imperative",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "indicative",
        "passive",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "passive",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hwalbijamaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hwalbijaim",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hwalbijanþai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "passive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hwalbijainþau",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "passive",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hwalbīþ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hwalbijaiþ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hwalbīþ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hwalbijanþai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "passive",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hwalbijainþau",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "passive",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hwalbijanþi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hwalbijain",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hwalbijanþau",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hwalbijanþai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "passive",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hwalbijainþau",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "passive",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hwalbidǭ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hwalbidēdį̄",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hwalbidēz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hwalbidēdīz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hwalbidē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hwalbidēdī",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hwalbidēdū",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "indicative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hwalbidēdīw",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hwalbidēdudiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "indicative",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hwalbidēdīdiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hwalbidēdum",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hwalbidēdīm",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hwalbidēdud",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hwalbidēdīd",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hwalbidēdun",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hwalbidēdīn",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hwalbijandz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hwalbidaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "participle",
        "past",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "hwalb",
        "j": "ij"
      },
      "name": "gem-conj-wk1"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Germanic",
  "lang_code": "gem-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hwalbijaną",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to cause to turn over"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "cause",
          "cause"
        ],
        [
          "turn over",
          "turn over"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to vault"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "vault",
          "vault"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "other": "/ˈxʷɑl.βi.jɑ.nɑ̃/"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "Brill Publishers"
  ],
  "word": "hwalbijaną"
}

Download raw JSONL data for hwalbijaną meaning in Proto-Germanic (9.8kB)


This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-10-15 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-10-01 using wiktextract (c8bd62c and a979ada). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.