See hwō in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
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"name": "root"
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{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*kʷos"
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"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
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"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
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"name": "cog"
},
{
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"3": "",
"4": "ever"
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"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
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{
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"1": "grk-pro",
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{
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"3": "",
"alt2": "*-ō",
"nocat": "1",
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"t1": "what"
},
"expansion": "*hwaz (“what”) + *-ō (instrumental ending)",
"name": "suf"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From a form of Proto-Indo-European *kʷos, *kʷís. Compare Latin quō (“where(to); why; so that”) (Proto-Italic *kʷō) and Ancient Greek πω (pō, “ever”), Ionic Greek κω (kō) (Proto-Hellenic *kʷō). Equivalent to *hwaz (“what”) + *-ō (instrumental ending).",
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{
"form": "*hwē",
"tags": [
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]
},
{
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}
],
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"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hwō",
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"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
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{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
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}
],
"glosses": [
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],
"id": "en-hwō-gem-pro-pron-FU39A6uB",
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],
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"what"
],
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],
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"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "how"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "foo"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "fowe"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "how"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"word": "hu"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "how"
},
{
"lang": "Geordie English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "hoo"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "hoo"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "how"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "foo"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "fowe"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "how"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"word": "hwu"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "how"
},
{
"lang": "Geordie English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "hoo"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "hoo"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "how"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "foo"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "fowe"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "how"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"word": "whu"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "how"
},
{
"lang": "Geordie English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "hoo"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "hoo"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "how"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "foo"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "fowe"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "how"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"word": "wou"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "how"
},
{
"lang": "Geordie English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "hoo"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "hoo"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "how"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "foo"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "fowe"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "how"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"word": "wu"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"word": "hū"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "how"
},
{
"lang": "Geordie English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "hoo"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "hoo"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "how"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "foo"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "fowe"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "how"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"word": "how"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "how"
},
{
"lang": "Geordie English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "hoo"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "hoo"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "how"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "foo"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "fowe"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "how"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"word": "hou"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "how"
},
{
"lang": "Geordie English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "hoo"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "hoo"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "how"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "foo"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "fowe"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "how"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"word": "howe"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "how"
},
{
"lang": "Geordie English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "hoo"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "hoo"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "how"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "foo"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "fowe"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "how"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"word": "hu"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "how"
},
{
"lang": "Geordie English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "hoo"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "hoo"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "how"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "foo"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "fowe"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "how"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"word": "hwu"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "how"
},
{
"lang": "Geordie English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "hoo"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "hoo"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "how"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "foo"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "fowe"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "how"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"word": "whu"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "how"
},
{
"lang": "Geordie English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "hoo"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "hoo"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "how"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "foo"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "fowe"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "how"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"word": "wou"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "how"
},
{
"lang": "Geordie English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "hoo"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "hoo"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "how"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "foo"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "fowe"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "how"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"word": "wu"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"word": "hwu"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "North Frisian",
"lang_code": "frr",
"word": "ho"
},
{
"lang": "Saterland Frisian",
"lang_code": "stq",
"word": "wo"
},
{
"lang": "West Frisian",
"lang_code": "fy",
"word": "hoe"
},
{
"lang": "West Frisian",
"lang_code": "fy",
"word": "hoe't"
}
],
"lang": "Old Frisian",
"lang_code": "ofs",
"word": "hū"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "North Frisian",
"lang_code": "frr",
"word": "ho"
},
{
"lang": "Saterland Frisian",
"lang_code": "stq",
"word": "wo"
},
{
"lang": "West Frisian",
"lang_code": "fy",
"word": "hoe"
},
{
"lang": "West Frisian",
"lang_code": "fy",
"word": "hoe't"
}
],
"lang": "Old Frisian",
"lang_code": "ofs",
"word": "hō"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Low German",
"lang_code": "nds",
"word": "wo"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Low German",
"lang_code": "gml",
"word": "wô"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Low German",
"lang_code": "nds",
"word": "wo"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Low German",
"lang_code": "gml",
"word": "wû"
}
],
"lang": "Old Saxon",
"lang_code": "osx",
"word": "hwō"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Low German",
"lang_code": "nds",
"word": "wo"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Low German",
"lang_code": "gml",
"word": "wô"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Low German",
"lang_code": "nds",
"word": "wo"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Low German",
"lang_code": "gml",
"word": "wû"
}
],
"lang": "Old Saxon",
"lang_code": "osx",
"word": "hwuo"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Low German",
"lang_code": "nds",
"word": "wo"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Low German",
"lang_code": "gml",
"word": "wô"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Low German",
"lang_code": "nds",
"word": "wo"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Low German",
"lang_code": "gml",
"word": "wû"
}
],
"lang": "Old Saxon",
"lang_code": "osx",
"word": "hū"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"word": "hoe"
},
{
"lang": "Limburgish",
"lang_code": "li",
"word": "woe"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Dutch",
"lang_code": "dum",
"word": "hoe"
}
],
"lang": "Old Dutch",
"lang_code": "odt",
"word": "huo"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"word": "wu"
}
],
"lang": "Old High German",
"lang_code": "goh",
"word": "wuo"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"word": "*hwō"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*kʷ-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*kʷos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *kʷos",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "quō",
"3": "",
"4": "where(to); why; so that"
},
"expansion": "Latin quō (“where(to); why; so that”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*kʷō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic *kʷō",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "πω",
"3": "",
"4": "ever"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek πω (pō, “ever”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc-ion",
"2": "κω"
},
"expansion": "Ionic Greek κω (kō)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": "*kʷō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic *kʷō",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*hwaz",
"3": "",
"alt2": "*-ō",
"nocat": "1",
"pos2": "instrumental ending",
"t1": "what"
},
"expansion": "*hwaz (“what”) + *-ō (instrumental ending)",
"name": "suf"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From a form of Proto-Indo-European *kʷos, *kʷís. Compare Latin quō (“where(to); why; so that”) (Proto-Italic *kʷō) and Ancient Greek πω (pō, “ever”), Ionic Greek κω (kō) (Proto-Hellenic *kʷō). Equivalent to *hwaz (“what”) + *-ō (instrumental ending).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "*hwē",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "*hwī",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "pronoun form"
},
"expansion": "*hwō",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hwō",
"pos": "pron",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Germanic non-lemma forms",
"Proto-Germanic pronoun forms",
"Proto-Germanic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Germanic terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *kʷ-",
"Proto-Germanic terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European"
],
"glosses": [
"how, with what, by what means; instrumental of *hwaz"
],
"links": [
[
"how",
"how"
],
[
"what",
"what"
],
[
"*hwaz",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hwaz"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/xʷɔː/"
}
],
"word": "hwō"
}
Download raw JSONL data for hwō meaning in Proto-Germanic (11.8kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-09-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-08-23 using wiktextract (20da82b and a97feda). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.