"hrōzijaną" meaning in Proto-Germanic

See hrōzijaną in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Verb

IPA: /ˈxrɔː.zi.jɑ.nɑ̃/
Etymology: From *hrōzaz (“active, stirring, moving”) + *-janą. Possibly inherited from Proto-Indo-European *kroHs-éye-ti: according to Kroonen, a direct cognate of Avestan 𐬟𐬭𐬁-𐬑𐬭𐬃𐬢𐬵𐬀𐬌𐬌𐬀 (frā-xrā̊ŋhaiia, “to be shocked”), and according to Orel, of Proto-Slavic *krasiti (“to ornate”). Etymology templates: {{affix|gem-pro|*hrōzaz|*-janą|id2=factitive|t1=active, stirring, moving}} *hrōzaz (“active, stirring, moving”) + *-janą, {{glossary|inherited}} inherited, {{inh|gem-pro|ine-pro||*kroHs-éye-ti||g=|g2=|g3=|id=|lit=|nocat=|pos=|sc=|sort=|tr=|ts=}} Proto-Indo-European *kroHs-éye-ti, {{inh+|gem-pro|ine-pro||*kroHs-éye-ti|nocap=1}} inherited from Proto-Indo-European *kroHs-éye-ti, {{cog|ae|𐬟𐬭𐬁𐬑𐬭𐬃𐬢𐬵𐬀𐬌𐬌𐬀|𐬟𐬭𐬁-𐬑𐬭𐬃𐬢𐬵𐬀𐬌𐬌𐬀|t=to be shocked}} Avestan 𐬟𐬭𐬁-𐬑𐬭𐬃𐬢𐬵𐬀𐬌𐬌𐬀 (frā-xrā̊ŋhaiia, “to be shocked”), {{cog|sla-pro|*krasiti||to ornate}} Proto-Slavic *krasiti (“to ornate”) Inflection templates: {{gem-conj-wk1|hrōz|j=ij}} Forms: weak [table-tags], hrōzijō [active, first-person, indicative, singular], hrōzijaų [active, first-person, singular, subjunctive], - [active, first-person, imperative, singular], hrōzijai [first-person, indicative, passive, singular], - [first-person, passive, singular, subjunctive], hrōzīsi [active, indicative, second-person, singular], hrōzijais [active, second-person, singular, subjunctive], hrōzī [active, imperative, second-person, singular], hrōzijasai [indicative, passive, second-person, singular], hrōzijaisau [passive, second-person, singular, subjunctive], hrōzīþi [active, indicative, singular, third-person], hrōzijai [active, singular, subjunctive, third-person], hrōzijaþau [active, imperative, singular, third-person], hrōzijaþai [indicative, passive, singular, third-person], hrōzijaiþau [passive, singular, subjunctive, third-person], hrōzijōs [active, dual, first-person, indicative], hrōzijaiw [active, dual, first-person, subjunctive], - [active, dual, first-person, imperative], - [dual, first-person, indicative, passive], - [dual, first-person, passive, subjunctive], hrōzijaþiz [active, dual, indicative, second-person], hrōzijaiþiz [active, dual, second-person, subjunctive], hrōzijaþiz [active, dual, imperative, second-person], - [dual, indicative, passive, second-person], - [dual, passive, second-person, subjunctive], hrōzijamaz [active, first-person, indicative, plural], hrōzijaim [active, first-person, plural, subjunctive], - [active, first-person, imperative, plural], hrōzijanþai [first-person, indicative, passive, plural], hrōzijainþau [first-person, passive, plural, subjunctive], hrōzīþ [active, indicative, plural, second-person], hrōzijaiþ [active, plural, second-person, subjunctive], hrōzīþ [active, imperative, plural, second-person], hrōzijanþai [indicative, passive, plural, second-person], hrōzijainþau [passive, plural, second-person, subjunctive], hrōzijanþi [active, indicative, plural, third-person], hrōzijain [active, plural, subjunctive, third-person], hrōzijanþau [active, imperative, plural, third-person], hrōzijanþai [indicative, passive, plural, third-person], hrōzijainþau [passive, plural, subjunctive, third-person], hrōzidǭ [active, first-person, indicative, singular], hrōzidēdį̄ [active, first-person, singular, subjunctive], hrōzidēz [active, indicative, second-person, singular], hrōzidēdīz [active, second-person, singular, subjunctive], hrōzidē [active, indicative, singular, third-person], hrōzidēdī [active, singular, subjunctive, third-person], hrōzidēdū [active, dual, first-person, indicative], hrōzidēdīw [active, dual, first-person, subjunctive], hrōzidēdudiz [active, dual, indicative, second-person], hrōzidēdīdiz [active, dual, second-person, subjunctive], hrōzidēdum [active, first-person, indicative, plural], hrōzidēdīm [active, first-person, plural, subjunctive], hrōzidēdud [active, indicative, plural, second-person], hrōzidēdīd [active, plural, second-person, subjunctive], hrōzidēdun [active, indicative, plural, third-person], hrōzidēdīn [active, plural, subjunctive, third-person], hrōzijandz [active, participle, present], hrōzidaz [active, participle, past, subjunctive]
  1. to stir Wikipedia link: Brill Publishers Tags: reconstruction
{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gmw-pro",
            "2": "*hrōʀijan"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *hrōʀijan\nOld English: hrēran\nMiddle English: rēren; (rōrien)\nEnglish: rear (“to move; stir”)\n⇒ Old English: hrēre (adj), hrēr\nMiddle English: rere\nEnglish: rear (dialectal), rare\nOld Frisian: hrēra\nSaterland Frisian: ríere\nWest Frisian: riere, reare\nOld Saxon: hrōrian\nMiddle Low German: rôren\nGerman Low German: röhren\nOld Dutch: *ruoren (in irruoran)\nMiddle Dutch: roeren\nDutch: roeren\nAfrikaans: roer\nOld High German: hruorjan, ruoren\nMiddle High German: ruoren, rüeren\nBavarian: riarn\nGerman: rühren\n→ Saterland Frisian: rüürje\nYiddish: רירן (rirn)",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-West Germanic: *hrōʀijan\nOld English: hrēran\nMiddle English: rēren; (rōrien)\nEnglish: rear (“to move; stir”)\n⇒ Old English: hrēre (adj), hrēr\nMiddle English: rere\nEnglish: rear (dialectal), rare\nOld Frisian: hrēra\nSaterland Frisian: ríere\nWest Frisian: riere, reare\nOld Saxon: hrōrian\nMiddle Low German: rôren\nGerman Low German: röhren\nOld Dutch: *ruoren (in irruoran)\nMiddle Dutch: roeren\nDutch: roeren\nAfrikaans: roer\nOld High German: hruorjan, ruoren\nMiddle High German: ruoren, rüeren\nBavarian: riarn\nGerman: rühren\n→ Saterland Frisian: rüürje\nYiddish: רירן (rirn)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "non",
            "2": "hrǿra"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Norse: hrǿra, hrœra\nIcelandic: hræra\nFaroese: røra\nNorwegian Nynorsk: røra\nOld Swedish: rø̄ra\nSwedish: röra\nOld Danish: røræ\nDanish: røre",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Norse: hrǿra, hrœra\nIcelandic: hræra\nFaroese: røra\nNorwegian Nynorsk: røra\nOld Swedish: rø̄ra\nSwedish: röra\nOld Danish: røræ\nDanish: røre"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "*hrōzaz",
        "3": "*-janą",
        "id2": "factitive",
        "t1": "active, stirring, moving"
      },
      "expansion": "*hrōzaz (“active, stirring, moving”) + *-janą",
      "name": "affix"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "inherited"
      },
      "expansion": "inherited",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "",
        "4": "*kroHs-éye-ti",
        "5": "",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *kroHs-éye-ti",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "",
        "4": "*kroHs-éye-ti",
        "nocap": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "inherited from Proto-Indo-European *kroHs-éye-ti",
      "name": "inh+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ae",
        "2": "𐬟𐬭𐬁𐬑𐬭𐬃𐬢𐬵𐬀𐬌𐬌𐬀",
        "3": "𐬟𐬭𐬁-𐬑𐬭𐬃𐬢𐬵𐬀𐬌𐬌𐬀",
        "t": "to be shocked"
      },
      "expansion": "Avestan 𐬟𐬭𐬁-𐬑𐬭𐬃𐬢𐬵𐬀𐬌𐬌𐬀 (frā-xrā̊ŋhaiia, “to be shocked”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": "*krasiti",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to ornate"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Slavic *krasiti (“to ornate”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From *hrōzaz (“active, stirring, moving”) + *-janą. Possibly inherited from Proto-Indo-European *kroHs-éye-ti: according to Kroonen, a direct cognate of Avestan 𐬟𐬭𐬁-𐬑𐬭𐬃𐬢𐬵𐬀𐬌𐬌𐬀 (frā-xrā̊ŋhaiia, “to be shocked”), and according to Orel, of Proto-Slavic *krasiti (“to ornate”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "weak",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gem-conj-wk1",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "1",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hrōzijō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hrōzijaų",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hrōzijai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "passive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "passive",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hrōzīsi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hrōzijais",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hrōzī",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "imperative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hrōzijasai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "passive",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hrōzijaisau",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "passive",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hrōzīþi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hrōzijai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hrōzijaþau",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "imperative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hrōzijaþai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "passive",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hrōzijaiþau",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "passive",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hrōzijōs",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "indicative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hrōzijaiw",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "passive",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hrōzijaþiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "indicative",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hrōzijaiþiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hrōzijaþiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "imperative",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "indicative",
        "passive",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "passive",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hrōzijamaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hrōzijaim",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hrōzijanþai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "passive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hrōzijainþau",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "passive",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hrōzīþ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hrōzijaiþ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hrōzīþ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hrōzijanþai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "passive",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hrōzijainþau",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "passive",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hrōzijanþi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hrōzijain",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hrōzijanþau",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hrōzijanþai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "passive",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hrōzijainþau",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "passive",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hrōzidǭ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hrōzidēdį̄",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hrōzidēz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hrōzidēdīz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hrōzidē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hrōzidēdī",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hrōzidēdū",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "indicative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hrōzidēdīw",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hrōzidēdudiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "indicative",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hrōzidēdīdiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hrōzidēdum",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hrōzidēdīm",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hrōzidēdud",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hrōzidēdīd",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hrōzidēdun",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hrōzidēdīn",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hrōzijandz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hrōzidaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "participle",
        "past",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "hrōz",
        "j": "ij"
      },
      "name": "gem-conj-wk1"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Germanic",
  "lang_code": "gem-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hrōzijaną",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-Germanic terms suffixed with *-janą (factitive)",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to stir"
      ],
      "id": "en-hrōzijaną-gem-pro-verb-fyDsWGq-",
      "links": [
        [
          "stir",
          "stir"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ],
      "wikipedia": [
        "Brill Publishers"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈxrɔː.zi.jɑ.nɑ̃/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "hrōzijaną"
}
{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gmw-pro",
            "2": "*hrōʀijan"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *hrōʀijan\nOld English: hrēran\nMiddle English: rēren; (rōrien)\nEnglish: rear (“to move; stir”)\n⇒ Old English: hrēre (adj), hrēr\nMiddle English: rere\nEnglish: rear (dialectal), rare\nOld Frisian: hrēra\nSaterland Frisian: ríere\nWest Frisian: riere, reare\nOld Saxon: hrōrian\nMiddle Low German: rôren\nGerman Low German: röhren\nOld Dutch: *ruoren (in irruoran)\nMiddle Dutch: roeren\nDutch: roeren\nAfrikaans: roer\nOld High German: hruorjan, ruoren\nMiddle High German: ruoren, rüeren\nBavarian: riarn\nGerman: rühren\n→ Saterland Frisian: rüürje\nYiddish: רירן (rirn)",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-West Germanic: *hrōʀijan\nOld English: hrēran\nMiddle English: rēren; (rōrien)\nEnglish: rear (“to move; stir”)\n⇒ Old English: hrēre (adj), hrēr\nMiddle English: rere\nEnglish: rear (dialectal), rare\nOld Frisian: hrēra\nSaterland Frisian: ríere\nWest Frisian: riere, reare\nOld Saxon: hrōrian\nMiddle Low German: rôren\nGerman Low German: röhren\nOld Dutch: *ruoren (in irruoran)\nMiddle Dutch: roeren\nDutch: roeren\nAfrikaans: roer\nOld High German: hruorjan, ruoren\nMiddle High German: ruoren, rüeren\nBavarian: riarn\nGerman: rühren\n→ Saterland Frisian: rüürje\nYiddish: רירן (rirn)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "non",
            "2": "hrǿra"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Norse: hrǿra, hrœra\nIcelandic: hræra\nFaroese: røra\nNorwegian Nynorsk: røra\nOld Swedish: rø̄ra\nSwedish: röra\nOld Danish: røræ\nDanish: røre",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Norse: hrǿra, hrœra\nIcelandic: hræra\nFaroese: røra\nNorwegian Nynorsk: røra\nOld Swedish: rø̄ra\nSwedish: röra\nOld Danish: røræ\nDanish: røre"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "*hrōzaz",
        "3": "*-janą",
        "id2": "factitive",
        "t1": "active, stirring, moving"
      },
      "expansion": "*hrōzaz (“active, stirring, moving”) + *-janą",
      "name": "affix"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "inherited"
      },
      "expansion": "inherited",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "",
        "4": "*kroHs-éye-ti",
        "5": "",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *kroHs-éye-ti",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "",
        "4": "*kroHs-éye-ti",
        "nocap": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "inherited from Proto-Indo-European *kroHs-éye-ti",
      "name": "inh+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ae",
        "2": "𐬟𐬭𐬁𐬑𐬭𐬃𐬢𐬵𐬀𐬌𐬌𐬀",
        "3": "𐬟𐬭𐬁-𐬑𐬭𐬃𐬢𐬵𐬀𐬌𐬌𐬀",
        "t": "to be shocked"
      },
      "expansion": "Avestan 𐬟𐬭𐬁-𐬑𐬭𐬃𐬢𐬵𐬀𐬌𐬌𐬀 (frā-xrā̊ŋhaiia, “to be shocked”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": "*krasiti",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to ornate"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Slavic *krasiti (“to ornate”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From *hrōzaz (“active, stirring, moving”) + *-janą. Possibly inherited from Proto-Indo-European *kroHs-éye-ti: according to Kroonen, a direct cognate of Avestan 𐬟𐬭𐬁-𐬑𐬭𐬃𐬢𐬵𐬀𐬌𐬌𐬀 (frā-xrā̊ŋhaiia, “to be shocked”), and according to Orel, of Proto-Slavic *krasiti (“to ornate”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "weak",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gem-conj-wk1",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "1",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hrōzijō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hrōzijaų",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hrōzijai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "passive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "passive",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hrōzīsi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hrōzijais",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hrōzī",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "imperative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hrōzijasai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "passive",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hrōzijaisau",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "passive",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hrōzīþi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hrōzijai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hrōzijaþau",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "imperative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hrōzijaþai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "passive",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hrōzijaiþau",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "passive",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hrōzijōs",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "indicative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hrōzijaiw",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "passive",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hrōzijaþiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "indicative",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hrōzijaiþiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hrōzijaþiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "imperative",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "indicative",
        "passive",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "passive",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hrōzijamaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hrōzijaim",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hrōzijanþai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "passive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hrōzijainþau",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "passive",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hrōzīþ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hrōzijaiþ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hrōzīþ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hrōzijanþai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "passive",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hrōzijainþau",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "passive",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hrōzijanþi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hrōzijain",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hrōzijanþau",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hrōzijanþai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "passive",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hrōzijainþau",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "passive",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hrōzidǭ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hrōzidēdį̄",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hrōzidēz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hrōzidēdīz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hrōzidē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hrōzidēdī",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hrōzidēdū",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "indicative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hrōzidēdīw",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hrōzidēdudiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "indicative",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hrōzidēdīdiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hrōzidēdum",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hrōzidēdīm",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hrōzidēdud",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hrōzidēdīd",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hrōzidēdun",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hrōzidēdīn",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hrōzijandz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hrōzidaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "participle",
        "past",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "hrōz",
        "j": "ij"
      },
      "name": "gem-conj-wk1"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Germanic",
  "lang_code": "gem-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hrōzijaną",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Pages with 1 entry",
        "Pages with entries",
        "Proto-Germanic class 1 weak verbs",
        "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
        "Proto-Germanic lemmas",
        "Proto-Germanic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
        "Proto-Germanic terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
        "Proto-Germanic terms suffixed with *-janą (factitive)",
        "Proto-Germanic verbs"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to stir"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "stir",
          "stir"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ],
      "wikipedia": [
        "Brill Publishers"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈxrɔː.zi.jɑ.nɑ̃/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "hrōzijaną"
}

Download raw JSONL data for hrōzijaną meaning in Proto-Germanic (10.4kB)


This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-01 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (d49d402 and a5af179). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.