See hnudōną in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for hnudōną meaning in Proto-Germanic (8.5kB)
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "*hnodian"
},
"expansion": "Old English: *hnodian",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old English: *hnodian"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "nodden"
},
"expansion": "Middle English: nodden",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle English: nodden"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "nod"
},
"expansion": "Scots: nod",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: nod"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "nod"
},
"expansion": "English: nod",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: nod"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "hnotōn"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: hnotōn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: hnotōn"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "notten"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German: notten",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle High German: notten"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*knḍʰ-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *knḍʰ-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ken-",
"4": "",
"5": "to scratch; scrape; rub"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ken- (“to scratch; scrape; rub”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *knḍʰ-, from *knu-, *knew- (“to scratch; scrape; rub”), from Proto-Indo-European *ken- (“to scratch; scrape; rub”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "weak",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-conj-wk2",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "2",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "hnudō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"indicative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hnudǭ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"imperative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hnudōi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"passive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"passive",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "hnudōsi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hnudōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "hnudō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"imperative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hnudōsai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"passive",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hnudōsau",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"passive",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "hnudōþi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hnudō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hnudōþau",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"imperative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hnudōþai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"passive",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hnudōþau",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"passive",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hnudōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"dual",
"first-person",
"indicative"
]
},
{
"form": "hnudōw",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"dual",
"first-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"dual",
"first-person",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"first-person",
"indicative",
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"first-person",
"passive",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "hnudōþiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"dual",
"indicative",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hnudōþiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"dual",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "hnudōþiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"dual",
"imperative",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"indicative",
"passive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"passive",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "hnudōmaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"indicative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hnudōm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"imperative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hnudōnþai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"passive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hnudōnþau",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"passive",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "hnudōþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hnudōþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "hnudōþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"imperative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hnudōnþai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"passive",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hnudōnþau",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"passive",
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "hnudōnþi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hnudōn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hnudōnþau",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"imperative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hnudōnþai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"passive",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hnudōnþau",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"passive",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hnudōdǭ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"indicative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hnudōdēdį̄",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "hnudōdēz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hnudōdēdīz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "hnudōdē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hnudōdēdī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hnudōdēdū",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"dual",
"first-person",
"indicative"
]
},
{
"form": "hnudōdēdīw",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"dual",
"first-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "hnudōdēdudiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"dual",
"indicative",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hnudōdēdīdiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"dual",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "hnudōdēdum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"indicative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hnudōdēdīm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "hnudōdēdud",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hnudōdēdīd",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "hnudōdēdun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hnudōdēdīn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hnudōndz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "hnudōdaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"participle",
"past",
"subjunctive"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hnud"
},
"name": "gem-conj-wk2"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hnudōną",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To pound; hammer; rivet"
],
"id": "en-hnudōną-gem-pro-verb-s62BwFu8",
"links": [
[
"pound",
"pound"
],
[
"hammer",
"hammer"
],
[
"rivet",
"rivet"
]
],
"related": [
{
"word": "hneudaną"
},
{
"word": "hneupaną"
},
{
"word": "hnewwaną"
},
{
"word": "hnudjaną"
},
{
"word": "hnōaną"
}
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈxnu.ðɔː.nɑ̃/"
}
],
"word": "hnudōną"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "*hnodian"
},
"expansion": "Old English: *hnodian",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old English: *hnodian"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "nodden"
},
"expansion": "Middle English: nodden",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle English: nodden"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "nod"
},
"expansion": "Scots: nod",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: nod"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "nod"
},
"expansion": "English: nod",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: nod"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "hnotōn"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: hnotōn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: hnotōn"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "notten"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German: notten",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle High German: notten"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*knḍʰ-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *knḍʰ-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ken-",
"4": "",
"5": "to scratch; scrape; rub"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ken- (“to scratch; scrape; rub”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *knḍʰ-, from *knu-, *knew- (“to scratch; scrape; rub”), from Proto-Indo-European *ken- (“to scratch; scrape; rub”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "weak",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-conj-wk2",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "2",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "hnudō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"indicative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hnudǭ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"imperative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hnudōi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"passive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"passive",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "hnudōsi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hnudōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "hnudō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"imperative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hnudōsai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"passive",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hnudōsau",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"passive",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "hnudōþi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hnudō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hnudōþau",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"imperative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hnudōþai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"passive",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hnudōþau",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"passive",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hnudōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"dual",
"first-person",
"indicative"
]
},
{
"form": "hnudōw",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"dual",
"first-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"dual",
"first-person",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"first-person",
"indicative",
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"first-person",
"passive",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "hnudōþiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"dual",
"indicative",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hnudōþiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"dual",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "hnudōþiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"dual",
"imperative",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"indicative",
"passive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"passive",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "hnudōmaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"indicative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hnudōm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"imperative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hnudōnþai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"passive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hnudōnþau",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"passive",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "hnudōþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hnudōþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "hnudōþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"imperative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hnudōnþai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"passive",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hnudōnþau",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"passive",
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "hnudōnþi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hnudōn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hnudōnþau",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"imperative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hnudōnþai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"passive",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hnudōnþau",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"passive",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hnudōdǭ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"indicative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hnudōdēdį̄",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "hnudōdēz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hnudōdēdīz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "hnudōdē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hnudōdēdī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hnudōdēdū",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"dual",
"first-person",
"indicative"
]
},
{
"form": "hnudōdēdīw",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"dual",
"first-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "hnudōdēdudiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"dual",
"indicative",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hnudōdēdīdiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"dual",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "hnudōdēdum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"indicative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hnudōdēdīm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "hnudōdēdud",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hnudōdēdīd",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "hnudōdēdun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hnudōdēdīn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hnudōndz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "hnudōdaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"participle",
"past",
"subjunctive"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hnud"
},
"name": "gem-conj-wk2"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hnudōną",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"word": "hneudaną"
},
{
"word": "hneupaną"
},
{
"word": "hnewwaną"
},
{
"word": "hnudjaną"
},
{
"word": "hnōaną"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Proto-Germanic class 2 weak verbs",
"Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-Germanic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Germanic terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Proto-Germanic verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"To pound; hammer; rivet"
],
"links": [
[
"pound",
"pound"
],
[
"hammer",
"hammer"
],
[
"rivet",
"rivet"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈxnu.ðɔː.nɑ̃/"
}
],
"word": "hnudōną"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-31 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (91e95e7 and db5a844). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.