See glīwą in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*glīw"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *glīw",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *glīw"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "glīw",
"3": "glīġ",
"4": "glēow",
"5": "glēo"
},
"expansion": "Old English: glīw, glīġ, glēow, glēo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old English: glīw, glīġ, glēow, glēo"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gleo",
"3": "glew",
"4": "gleu",
"5": "gle",
"6": "glee"
},
"expansion": "Middle English: gleo, glew, gleu, gle, glee",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle English: gleo, glew, gleu, gle, glee"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "glee"
},
"expansion": "English: glee",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: glee"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "gle",
"3": "glie",
"4": "glew"
},
"expansion": "Scots: gle, glie, glew",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: gle, glie, glew"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "glý"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: glý",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: glý"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "glý"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic: glý",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Icelandic: glý"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*gʰlew-o-s"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gʰlew-o-s",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "glauda",
"3": "",
"4": "joke, jest"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian glauda (“joke, jest”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "χλεύη",
"3": "",
"4": "joke, jest, scorn"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek χλεύη (khleúē, “joke, jest, scorn”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "глуми́ться",
"3": "",
"4": "to mock, scoff at"
},
"expansion": "Russian глуми́ться (glumítʹsja, “to mock, scoff at”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "глу́мити",
"3": "",
"4": "to act, feign"
},
"expansion": "Serbo-Croatian глу́мити (“to act, feign”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*gʰley-wo-s"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gʰley-wo-s",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "glé",
"t": "clear, bright"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish glé (“clear, bright”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*ǵʰel-",
"t": "to shimmer, gleam"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰel- (“to shimmer, gleam”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Of disputed origin:\n* Beekes derives the word from Proto-Indo-European *gʰlew-o-s, from *gʰlew- (“to joke, make fun, enjoy”). In this case, cognate with Lithuanian glauda (“joke, jest”), Ancient Greek χλεύη (khleúē, “joke, jest, scorn”), Russian глуми́ться (glumítʹsja, “to mock, scoff at”), Serbo-Croatian глу́мити (“to act, feign”). See *glaumaz (“jubilation”) for more potential cognates.\n* Kroonen derives the word from Proto-Indo-European *gʰley-wo-s, from a root *gʰley- (“to shine”), comparing Old Irish glé (“clear, bright”). Said root may be further related to Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰel- (“to shimmer, gleam”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "glīwą",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "glīwō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "glīwą",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "glīwō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "glīwą",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "glīwō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "glīwas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "glīwis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "glīwǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "glīwai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "glīwamaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "glīwō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "glīwamiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gem-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/glīwą",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "glīwijaną"
},
{
"word": "glīwōną"
}
],
"glosses": [
"joy, gladness, merriment, mirth"
],
"id": "en-glīwą-gem-pro-noun-q5MIqENd",
"links": [
[
"joy",
"joy"
],
[
"gladness",
"gladness"
],
[
"merriment",
"merriment"
],
[
"mirth",
"mirth"
]
],
"tags": [
"neuter",
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers"
]
}
],
"word": "glīwą"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"word": "glīwijaną"
},
{
"word": "glīwōną"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*glīw"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *glīw",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *glīw"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "glīw",
"3": "glīġ",
"4": "glēow",
"5": "glēo"
},
"expansion": "Old English: glīw, glīġ, glēow, glēo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old English: glīw, glīġ, glēow, glēo"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gleo",
"3": "glew",
"4": "gleu",
"5": "gle",
"6": "glee"
},
"expansion": "Middle English: gleo, glew, gleu, gle, glee",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle English: gleo, glew, gleu, gle, glee"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "glee"
},
"expansion": "English: glee",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: glee"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "gle",
"3": "glie",
"4": "glew"
},
"expansion": "Scots: gle, glie, glew",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: gle, glie, glew"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "glý"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: glý",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: glý"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "glý"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic: glý",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Icelandic: glý"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*gʰlew-o-s"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gʰlew-o-s",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "glauda",
"3": "",
"4": "joke, jest"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian glauda (“joke, jest”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "χλεύη",
"3": "",
"4": "joke, jest, scorn"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek χλεύη (khleúē, “joke, jest, scorn”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "глуми́ться",
"3": "",
"4": "to mock, scoff at"
},
"expansion": "Russian глуми́ться (glumítʹsja, “to mock, scoff at”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "глу́мити",
"3": "",
"4": "to act, feign"
},
"expansion": "Serbo-Croatian глу́мити (“to act, feign”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*gʰley-wo-s"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gʰley-wo-s",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "glé",
"t": "clear, bright"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish glé (“clear, bright”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*ǵʰel-",
"t": "to shimmer, gleam"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰel- (“to shimmer, gleam”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Of disputed origin:\n* Beekes derives the word from Proto-Indo-European *gʰlew-o-s, from *gʰlew- (“to joke, make fun, enjoy”). In this case, cognate with Lithuanian glauda (“joke, jest”), Ancient Greek χλεύη (khleúē, “joke, jest, scorn”), Russian глуми́ться (glumítʹsja, “to mock, scoff at”), Serbo-Croatian глу́мити (“to act, feign”). See *glaumaz (“jubilation”) for more potential cognates.\n* Kroonen derives the word from Proto-Indo-European *gʰley-wo-s, from a root *gʰley- (“to shine”), comparing Old Irish glé (“clear, bright”). Said root may be further related to Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰel- (“to shimmer, gleam”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "glīwą",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "glīwō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "glīwą",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "glīwō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "glīwą",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "glīwō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "glīwas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "glīwis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "glīwǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "glīwai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "glīwamaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "glīwō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "glīwamiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gem-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/glīwą",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Germanic a-stem nouns",
"Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-Germanic neuter nouns",
"Proto-Germanic nouns"
],
"glosses": [
"joy, gladness, merriment, mirth"
],
"links": [
[
"joy",
"joy"
],
[
"gladness",
"gladness"
],
[
"merriment",
"merriment"
],
[
"mirth",
"mirth"
]
],
"tags": [
"neuter",
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers"
]
}
],
"word": "glīwą"
}
Download raw JSONL data for glīwą meaning in Proto-Germanic (5.1kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-08 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-01 using wiktextract (9a96ef4 and 4ed51a5). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.