See flekka- in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "flekkaz"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "flikkiją"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*flekk",
"3": "*flakk"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *flekk, *flakk",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *flekk, *flakk"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "*flecc",
"3": "*flæcc"
},
"expansion": "Old English: *flecc, *flæcc",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old English: *flecc, *flæcc"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "*flekk"
},
"expansion": "Middle English: *flekk",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "flekked",
"pos": "past participle"
},
"expansion": "Middle English flekked (past participle)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"text": "Middle English: *flekk (attested in Middle English flekked (past participle))"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fleck"
},
"expansion": "English: fleck",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: fleck"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "flek",
"3": "fleck"
},
"expansion": "Scots: flek, fleck",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: flek, fleck"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "*flekk"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian: *flekk",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "flekka"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian flekka",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"text": "Old Frisian: *flekk (attested in Old Frisian flekka; flekkia)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "stq",
"2": "Fläk"
},
"expansion": "Saterland Frisian: Fläk",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Saterland Frisian: Fläk"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "flek"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian: flek",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "West Frisian: flek"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "*flek",
"3": "*flak"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon: *flek, *flak",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Saxon: *flek, *flak"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "flek",
"3": "vlek",
"4": "vlak",
"5": "vlack"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German: flek, vlek, vlak, vlack",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Low German: flek, vlek, vlak, vlack"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nds-de",
"2": "Fleck"
},
"expansion": "German Low German: Fleck",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "German Low German: Fleck"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "flec",
"3": ";",
"4": "flecka",
"g2": "f",
"qq1": "in names"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch: flec (in names); flecka f",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Dutch: flec (in names); flecka f"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "vlecke",
"3": "vlacke"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch: vlecke, vlacke",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Dutch: vlecke, vlacke"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "vlek"
},
"expansion": "Dutch: vlek",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Dutch: vlek"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "af",
"2": "vlek"
},
"expansion": "Afrikaans: vlek",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Afrikaans: vlek"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "flek"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: flek, flec\nMiddle High German: vlëc\nGerman: Fleck\nYiddish: פֿלעק (flek)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: flek, flec\nMiddle High German: vlëc\nGerman: Fleck\nYiddish: פֿלעק (flek)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "flekkr"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: flekkr",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: flekkr"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "flekkur"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic: flekkur",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Icelandic: flekkur"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fo",
"2": "flekkur"
},
"expansion": "Faroese: flekkur",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Faroese: flekkur"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "flekk"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian: flekk",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Norwegian: flekk"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "fläck"
},
"expansion": "Swedish: fläck",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Swedish: fläck"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro"
},
"expansion": "Uncertain",
"name": "unc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*pleyḱ-",
"4": "",
"5": "to tear"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *pleyḱ- (“to tear”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "plėšti",
"3": "",
"4": "to tear"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian plėšti (“to tear”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*pel-",
"4": "",
"5": "to beat, push, drive"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *pel- (“to beat, push, drive”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Uncertain, possibly from Proto-Indo-European *pleyḱ- (“to tear”), related to Lithuanian plėšti (“to tear”). But see Proto-Indo-European *pel- (“to beat, push, drive”).\nMaybe related to *flakaz (“flat”) if the original sense was rather \"place, region\".",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "*flekka-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/flekka-",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "86 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "94 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "96 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"sense": "Old Saxon: *flekko; Middle Low German",
"word": "vlecke"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"sense": "Old Dutch: *flekko, flakko",
"tags": [
"Dutch",
"Middle"
],
"word": "vlecke"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"sense": "Old Dutch: *flekko, flakko",
"tags": [
"Dutch",
"Middle"
],
"word": "vlacke"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"sense": "Middle High German: flecke, vlecke",
"tags": [
"German"
],
"word": "Flecken"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"english": "partially merged with the descendant of the a-stem noun",
"sense": "Middle High German: flecke, vlecke",
"tags": [
"German"
],
"word": "Fleck"
}
],
"glosses": [
"spot; mark; blemish"
],
"id": "en-flekka--gem-pro-noun-BbUKugWn",
"links": [
[
"spot",
"spot"
],
[
"mark",
"mark"
],
[
"blemish",
"blemish"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"piece"
],
"id": "en-flekka--gem-pro-noun-NCNaLFAu",
"links": [
[
"piece",
"piece"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɸlek.kɑ/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "flakka-"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "flakkija-"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Nicoline van der Sijs"
],
"word": "flekka-"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-Germanic nouns",
"Proto-Germanic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Germanic terms with unknown etymologies"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "flekkaz"
},
{
"word": "flikkiją"
},
{
"sense": "Old Saxon: *flekko; Middle Low German",
"word": "vlecke"
},
{
"sense": "Old Dutch: *flekko, flakko",
"tags": [
"Dutch",
"Middle"
],
"word": "vlecke"
},
{
"sense": "Old Dutch: *flekko, flakko",
"tags": [
"Dutch",
"Middle"
],
"word": "vlacke"
},
{
"sense": "Middle High German: flecke, vlecke",
"tags": [
"German"
],
"word": "Flecken"
},
{
"english": "partially merged with the descendant of the a-stem noun",
"sense": "Middle High German: flecke, vlecke",
"tags": [
"German"
],
"word": "Fleck"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*flekk",
"3": "*flakk"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *flekk, *flakk",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *flekk, *flakk"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "*flecc",
"3": "*flæcc"
},
"expansion": "Old English: *flecc, *flæcc",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old English: *flecc, *flæcc"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "*flekk"
},
"expansion": "Middle English: *flekk",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "flekked",
"pos": "past participle"
},
"expansion": "Middle English flekked (past participle)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"text": "Middle English: *flekk (attested in Middle English flekked (past participle))"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fleck"
},
"expansion": "English: fleck",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: fleck"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "flek",
"3": "fleck"
},
"expansion": "Scots: flek, fleck",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: flek, fleck"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "*flekk"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian: *flekk",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "flekka"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian flekka",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"text": "Old Frisian: *flekk (attested in Old Frisian flekka; flekkia)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "stq",
"2": "Fläk"
},
"expansion": "Saterland Frisian: Fläk",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Saterland Frisian: Fläk"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "flek"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian: flek",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "West Frisian: flek"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "*flek",
"3": "*flak"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon: *flek, *flak",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Saxon: *flek, *flak"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "flek",
"3": "vlek",
"4": "vlak",
"5": "vlack"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German: flek, vlek, vlak, vlack",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Low German: flek, vlek, vlak, vlack"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nds-de",
"2": "Fleck"
},
"expansion": "German Low German: Fleck",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "German Low German: Fleck"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "flec",
"3": ";",
"4": "flecka",
"g2": "f",
"qq1": "in names"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch: flec (in names); flecka f",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Dutch: flec (in names); flecka f"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "vlecke",
"3": "vlacke"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch: vlecke, vlacke",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Dutch: vlecke, vlacke"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "vlek"
},
"expansion": "Dutch: vlek",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Dutch: vlek"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "af",
"2": "vlek"
},
"expansion": "Afrikaans: vlek",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Afrikaans: vlek"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "flek"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: flek, flec\nMiddle High German: vlëc\nGerman: Fleck\nYiddish: פֿלעק (flek)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: flek, flec\nMiddle High German: vlëc\nGerman: Fleck\nYiddish: פֿלעק (flek)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "flekkr"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: flekkr",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: flekkr"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "flekkur"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic: flekkur",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Icelandic: flekkur"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fo",
"2": "flekkur"
},
"expansion": "Faroese: flekkur",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Faroese: flekkur"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "flekk"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian: flekk",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Norwegian: flekk"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "fläck"
},
"expansion": "Swedish: fläck",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Swedish: fläck"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro"
},
"expansion": "Uncertain",
"name": "unc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*pleyḱ-",
"4": "",
"5": "to tear"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *pleyḱ- (“to tear”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "plėšti",
"3": "",
"4": "to tear"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian plėšti (“to tear”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*pel-",
"4": "",
"5": "to beat, push, drive"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *pel- (“to beat, push, drive”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Uncertain, possibly from Proto-Indo-European *pleyḱ- (“to tear”), related to Lithuanian plėšti (“to tear”). But see Proto-Indo-European *pel- (“to beat, push, drive”).\nMaybe related to *flakaz (“flat”) if the original sense was rather \"place, region\".",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "*flekka-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/flekka-",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"spot; mark; blemish"
],
"links": [
[
"spot",
"spot"
],
[
"mark",
"mark"
],
[
"blemish",
"blemish"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"piece"
],
"links": [
[
"piece",
"piece"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɸlek.kɑ/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "flakka-"
},
{
"word": "flakkija-"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Nicoline van der Sijs"
],
"word": "flekka-"
}
Download raw JSONL data for flekka- meaning in Proto-Germanic (6.1kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-15 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (8a39820 and 4401a4c). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.