See drunjaną in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for drunjaną meaning in Proto-Germanic (11.4kB)
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*drunnjan",
"3": "*drunjan"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *drunnjan, *drunjan",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *drunnjan, *drunjan (the lack of gemination is unexpected)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "*drunian"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon: *drunian",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Saxon: *drunian"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "drönen"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German: drönen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Low German: drönen"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "drönen"
},
"expansion": "Low German: drönen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Low German: drönen"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "dröhnen",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ German: dröhnen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ German: dröhnen"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "*drunen"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch: *drunen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Dutch: *drunen"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "druenen"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch: druenen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Dutch: druenen, drōnen"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "dreunen"
},
"expansion": "Dutch: dreunen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Dutch: dreunen"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "drynja"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: drynja",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: drynja"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "drynja"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic: drynja",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Icelandic: drynja"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "drynja"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian: drynja",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Norwegian: drynja"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "drøne"
},
"expansion": "Danish: drøne",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Danish: drøne"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*drunjuz",
"3": "*-janą",
"id2": "denominative",
"t1": "sound"
},
"expansion": "*drunjuz (“sound”) + *-janą",
"name": "suffix"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"title": "imitative"
},
"expansion": "imitative",
"name": "onomatopoeic"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*dʰrēu-",
"t": "to drone"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *dʰrēu- (“to drone”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "ध्रणति",
"t": "to sound",
"tr": "dhráṇati"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit ध्रणति (dhráṇati, “to sound”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "drésacht",
"t": "crackling, noise"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish drésacht (“crackling, noise”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "trensen",
"t": "to make heavy sounds from the vocal cords"
},
"expansion": "German trensen (“to make heavy sounds from the vocal cords”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "drenzen",
"t": "to moan"
},
"expansion": "Dutch drenzen (“to moan”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "θρῆνος",
"t": "lamentation for the deceased"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek θρῆνος (thrênos, “lamentation for the deceased”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "drone"
},
"expansion": "English drone",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "prg",
"2": "droanse",
"t": "corncrake"
},
"expansion": "Old Prussian droanse (“corncrake”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐌳𐍂𐌿𐌽𐌾𐌿𐍃",
"t": "sound"
},
"expansion": "Gothic 𐌳𐍂𐌿𐌽𐌾𐌿𐍃 (drunjus, “sound”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From *drunjuz (“sound”) + *-janą.\nPer Vasmer, perhaps ultimately from imitative Proto-Indo-European *dʰrēu- (“to drone”); see also Sanskrit ध्रणति (dhráṇati, “to sound”), Old Irish drésacht (“crackling, noise”), German trensen (“to make heavy sounds from the vocal cords”), Dutch drenzen (“to moan”), Ancient Greek θρῆνος (thrênos, “lamentation for the deceased”), English drone, Old Prussian droanse (“corncrake”), Gothic 𐌳𐍂𐌿𐌽𐌾𐌿𐍃 (drunjus, “sound”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "weak",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-conj-wk1",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "1",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "drunjō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"indicative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drunjaų",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"imperative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drunjai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"passive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"passive",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "drunisi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drunjais",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "druni",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"imperative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drunjasai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"passive",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drunjaisau",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"passive",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "druniþi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "drunjai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "drunjaþau",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"imperative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "drunjaþai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"passive",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "drunjaiþau",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"passive",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "drunjōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"dual",
"first-person",
"indicative"
]
},
{
"form": "drunjaiw",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"dual",
"first-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"dual",
"first-person",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"first-person",
"indicative",
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"first-person",
"passive",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "drunjaþiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"dual",
"indicative",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "drunjaiþiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"dual",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "drunjaþiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"dual",
"imperative",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"indicative",
"passive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"passive",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "drunjamaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"indicative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "drunjaim",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"imperative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "drunjanþai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"passive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "drunjainþau",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"passive",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "druniþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "drunjaiþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "druniþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"imperative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "drunjanþai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"passive",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "drunjainþau",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"passive",
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "drunjanþi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "drunjain",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "drunjanþau",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"imperative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "drunjanþai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"passive",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "drunjainþau",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"passive",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "drunidǭ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"indicative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drunidēdį̄",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "drunidēz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drunidēdīz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "drunidē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "drunidēdī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "drunidēdū",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"dual",
"first-person",
"indicative"
]
},
{
"form": "drunidēdīw",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"dual",
"first-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "drunidēdudiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"dual",
"indicative",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "drunidēdīdiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"dual",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "drunidēdum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"indicative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "drunidēdīm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "drunidēdud",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "drunidēdīd",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "drunidēdun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "drunidēdīn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "drunjandz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "drunidaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"participle",
"past",
"subjunctive"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "drun",
"j": "j"
},
"name": "gem-conj-wk1"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/drunjaną",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Germanic onomatopoeias",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Germanic terms suffixed with *-janą (denominative)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Sanskrit terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to sound, rumble"
],
"id": "en-drunjaną-gem-pro-verb-z7fSY9YA",
"links": [
[
"sound",
"sound"
],
[
"rumble",
"rumble"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Nicoline van der Sijs",
"Oleg Trubachyov"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "/ˈdrun.jɑ.nɑ̃/"
}
],
"word": "drunjaną"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*drunnjan",
"3": "*drunjan"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *drunnjan, *drunjan",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *drunnjan, *drunjan (the lack of gemination is unexpected)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "*drunian"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon: *drunian",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Saxon: *drunian"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "drönen"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German: drönen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Low German: drönen"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "drönen"
},
"expansion": "Low German: drönen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Low German: drönen"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "dröhnen",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ German: dröhnen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ German: dröhnen"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "*drunen"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch: *drunen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Dutch: *drunen"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "druenen"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch: druenen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Dutch: druenen, drōnen"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "dreunen"
},
"expansion": "Dutch: dreunen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Dutch: dreunen"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "drynja"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: drynja",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: drynja"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "drynja"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic: drynja",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Icelandic: drynja"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "drynja"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian: drynja",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Norwegian: drynja"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "drøne"
},
"expansion": "Danish: drøne",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Danish: drøne"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*drunjuz",
"3": "*-janą",
"id2": "denominative",
"t1": "sound"
},
"expansion": "*drunjuz (“sound”) + *-janą",
"name": "suffix"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"title": "imitative"
},
"expansion": "imitative",
"name": "onomatopoeic"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*dʰrēu-",
"t": "to drone"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *dʰrēu- (“to drone”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "ध्रणति",
"t": "to sound",
"tr": "dhráṇati"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit ध्रणति (dhráṇati, “to sound”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "drésacht",
"t": "crackling, noise"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish drésacht (“crackling, noise”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "trensen",
"t": "to make heavy sounds from the vocal cords"
},
"expansion": "German trensen (“to make heavy sounds from the vocal cords”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "drenzen",
"t": "to moan"
},
"expansion": "Dutch drenzen (“to moan”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "θρῆνος",
"t": "lamentation for the deceased"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek θρῆνος (thrênos, “lamentation for the deceased”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "drone"
},
"expansion": "English drone",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "prg",
"2": "droanse",
"t": "corncrake"
},
"expansion": "Old Prussian droanse (“corncrake”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐌳𐍂𐌿𐌽𐌾𐌿𐍃",
"t": "sound"
},
"expansion": "Gothic 𐌳𐍂𐌿𐌽𐌾𐌿𐍃 (drunjus, “sound”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From *drunjuz (“sound”) + *-janą.\nPer Vasmer, perhaps ultimately from imitative Proto-Indo-European *dʰrēu- (“to drone”); see also Sanskrit ध्रणति (dhráṇati, “to sound”), Old Irish drésacht (“crackling, noise”), German trensen (“to make heavy sounds from the vocal cords”), Dutch drenzen (“to moan”), Ancient Greek θρῆνος (thrênos, “lamentation for the deceased”), English drone, Old Prussian droanse (“corncrake”), Gothic 𐌳𐍂𐌿𐌽𐌾𐌿𐍃 (drunjus, “sound”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "weak",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-conj-wk1",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "1",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "drunjō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"indicative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drunjaų",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"imperative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drunjai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"passive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"passive",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "drunisi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drunjais",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "druni",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"imperative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drunjasai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"passive",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drunjaisau",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"passive",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "druniþi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "drunjai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "drunjaþau",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"imperative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "drunjaþai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"passive",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "drunjaiþau",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"passive",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "drunjōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"dual",
"first-person",
"indicative"
]
},
{
"form": "drunjaiw",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"dual",
"first-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"dual",
"first-person",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"first-person",
"indicative",
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"first-person",
"passive",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "drunjaþiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"dual",
"indicative",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "drunjaiþiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"dual",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "drunjaþiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"dual",
"imperative",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"indicative",
"passive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"passive",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "drunjamaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"indicative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "drunjaim",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"imperative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "drunjanþai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"passive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "drunjainþau",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"passive",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "druniþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "drunjaiþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "druniþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"imperative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "drunjanþai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"passive",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "drunjainþau",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"passive",
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "drunjanþi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "drunjain",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "drunjanþau",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"imperative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "drunjanþai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"passive",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "drunjainþau",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"passive",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "drunidǭ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"indicative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drunidēdį̄",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "drunidēz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drunidēdīz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "drunidē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "drunidēdī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "drunidēdū",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"dual",
"first-person",
"indicative"
]
},
{
"form": "drunidēdīw",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"dual",
"first-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "drunidēdudiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"dual",
"indicative",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "drunidēdīdiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"dual",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "drunidēdum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"indicative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "drunidēdīm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "drunidēdud",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "drunidēdīd",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "drunidēdun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "drunidēdīn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "drunjandz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "drunidaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"participle",
"past",
"subjunctive"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "drun",
"j": "j"
},
"name": "gem-conj-wk1"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/drunjaną",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Proto-Germanic class 1 weak verbs",
"Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-Germanic onomatopoeias",
"Proto-Germanic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Germanic terms suffixed with *-janą (denominative)",
"Proto-Germanic terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Proto-Germanic verbs",
"Sanskrit terms with non-redundant manual transliterations"
],
"glosses": [
"to sound, rumble"
],
"links": [
[
"sound",
"sound"
],
[
"rumble",
"rumble"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Nicoline van der Sijs",
"Oleg Trubachyov"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "/ˈdrun.jɑ.nɑ̃/"
}
],
"word": "drunjaną"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-06-04 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (e9e0a99 and db5a844). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.