See after in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for after meaning in Proto-Germanic (5.1kB)
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*h₂ep(o)teros"
},
"expansion": "*h₂ep(o)teros",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₂epó",
"t": "away, off, from"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₂epó (“away, off, from”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*-teros"
},
"expansion": "*-teros",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From the locative form of Pre-Germanic *h₂ep(o)teros, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂epó (“away, off, from”) + *-teros.",
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/after",
"pos": "adv",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"after, behind"
],
"id": "en-after-gem-pro-adv-nKYsXxBM",
"links": [
[
"after",
"after"
],
[
"behind",
"behind"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɑɸ.ter/"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers"
],
"word": "after"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*aftar"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *aftar, *after\nOld English: æfter\nMiddle English: æfter, efter, after\nScots: efter\nEnglish: after\nOld Frisian: efter, after\nNorth Frisian: efter\nSaterland Frisian: ätter\nWest Frisian: efter; after, achter\nOld Saxon: aftar, after\nMiddle Low German: after, achter, echter\nLow German: achter, aster\nGerman Low German: achter; ächter (Münsterländisch & Paderbornisch)\nOld Dutch: after, aftir\nMiddle Dutch: after, affter, achter, echter\nDutch: achter; after (dialectal)\nOld High German: after, aftar; ahter (northern)\nMiddle High German: after; *ahter, *achter\nGerman: after; After\nLuxembourgish: uechter (“throughout”)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *aftar, *after\nOld English: æfter\nMiddle English: æfter, efter, after\nScots: efter\nEnglish: after\nOld Frisian: efter, after\nNorth Frisian: efter\nSaterland Frisian: ätter\nWest Frisian: efter; after, achter\nOld Saxon: aftar, after\nMiddle Low German: after, achter, echter\nLow German: achter, aster\nGerman Low German: achter; ächter (Münsterländisch & Paderbornisch)\nOld Dutch: after, aftir\nMiddle Dutch: after, affter, achter, echter\nDutch: achter; after (dialectal)\nOld High German: after, aftar; ahter (northern)\nMiddle High German: after; *ahter, *achter\nGerman: after; After\nLuxembourgish: uechter (“throughout”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmq-pro",
"2": "ᚨᚠᛏᛖᚱ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Norse: ᚨᚠᛏᛖᚱ (after)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Norse: ᚨᚠᛏᛖᚱ (after)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "eptir"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: eptir, ęptir, eftir, ept; ᛁᚠᛏᛁᛦ (iftiʀ), ᛁᚠᛏᛁᚱ (iftir), ᛁᛒᛏᛁᛦ (ibtiʀ), ᛅᚠᛏᛁᛦ (aftiʀ), ᚬᚠᛏᛁᛦ (ąftiʀ), ᛅᛒᛏᛁᛦ (abtiʀ)\nIcelandic: eftir\nFaroese: eftir\nNorn: efter\nMiddle Norwegian: ettir\nNorwegian Nynorsk: etter\n→ Norwegian Bokmål: etter\nOld Jamtish: efti\nJamtish: ette\nElfdalian: etter\nOld Swedish: æptir, æftir, ættir\nSwedish: efter\nOld Danish: æftær, æftir\nDanish: efter\nNorwegian Bokmål: efter (unofficial, riksmål)\nScanian: ætte\nOld Gutnish: eptir, aktr, ebtir, efter, eftir, epter\nGutnish: etta, ettar, yttur (fårö)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: eptir, ęptir, eftir, ept; ᛁᚠᛏᛁᛦ (iftiʀ), ᛁᚠᛏᛁᚱ (iftir), ᛁᛒᛏᛁᛦ (ibtiʀ), ᛅᚠᛏᛁᛦ (aftiʀ), ᚬᚠᛏᛁᛦ (ąftiʀ), ᛅᛒᛏᛁᛦ (abtiʀ)\nIcelandic: eftir\nFaroese: eftir\nNorn: efter\nMiddle Norwegian: ettir\nNorwegian Nynorsk: etter\n→ Norwegian Bokmål: etter\nOld Jamtish: efti\nJamtish: ette\nElfdalian: etter\nOld Swedish: æptir, æftir, ættir\nSwedish: efter\nOld Danish: æftær, æftir\nDanish: efter\nNorwegian Bokmål: efter (unofficial, riksmål)\nScanian: ætte\nOld Gutnish: eptir, aktr, ebtir, efter, eftir, epter\nGutnish: etta, ettar, yttur (fårö)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*h₂ep(o)teros"
},
"expansion": "*h₂ep(o)teros",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₂epó",
"t": "away, off, from"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₂epó (“away, off, from”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*-teros"
},
"expansion": "*-teros",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From the locative form of Pre-Germanic *h₂ep(o)teros, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂epó (“away, off, from”) + *-teros.",
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/after",
"pos": "prep",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "23 77",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 75",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Germanic prepositions",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"after, behind [+dative]",
"after, behind"
],
"id": "en-after-gem-pro-prep-7BJUUh9Z",
"raw_glosses": [
"after, behind [+dative]"
],
"related": [
{
"word": "afteraz"
},
{
"word": "afti"
},
{
"word": "aftiri"
},
{
"word": "aftrą"
},
{
"word": "aftai"
}
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɑɸ.ter/"
}
],
"word": "after"
}
{
"categories": [
"Proto-Germanic adverbs",
"Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-Germanic prepositions",
"Proto-Germanic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Germanic terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Germanic terms with IPA pronunciation"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*h₂ep(o)teros"
},
"expansion": "*h₂ep(o)teros",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₂epó",
"t": "away, off, from"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₂epó (“away, off, from”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*-teros"
},
"expansion": "*-teros",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From the locative form of Pre-Germanic *h₂ep(o)teros, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂epó (“away, off, from”) + *-teros.",
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/after",
"pos": "adv",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"after, behind"
],
"links": [
[
"after",
"after"
],
[
"behind",
"behind"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɑɸ.ter/"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers"
],
"word": "after"
}
{
"categories": [
"Proto-Germanic adverbs",
"Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-Germanic prepositions",
"Proto-Germanic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Germanic terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Germanic terms with IPA pronunciation"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*aftar"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *aftar, *after\nOld English: æfter\nMiddle English: æfter, efter, after\nScots: efter\nEnglish: after\nOld Frisian: efter, after\nNorth Frisian: efter\nSaterland Frisian: ätter\nWest Frisian: efter; after, achter\nOld Saxon: aftar, after\nMiddle Low German: after, achter, echter\nLow German: achter, aster\nGerman Low German: achter; ächter (Münsterländisch & Paderbornisch)\nOld Dutch: after, aftir\nMiddle Dutch: after, affter, achter, echter\nDutch: achter; after (dialectal)\nOld High German: after, aftar; ahter (northern)\nMiddle High German: after; *ahter, *achter\nGerman: after; After\nLuxembourgish: uechter (“throughout”)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *aftar, *after\nOld English: æfter\nMiddle English: æfter, efter, after\nScots: efter\nEnglish: after\nOld Frisian: efter, after\nNorth Frisian: efter\nSaterland Frisian: ätter\nWest Frisian: efter; after, achter\nOld Saxon: aftar, after\nMiddle Low German: after, achter, echter\nLow German: achter, aster\nGerman Low German: achter; ächter (Münsterländisch & Paderbornisch)\nOld Dutch: after, aftir\nMiddle Dutch: after, affter, achter, echter\nDutch: achter; after (dialectal)\nOld High German: after, aftar; ahter (northern)\nMiddle High German: after; *ahter, *achter\nGerman: after; After\nLuxembourgish: uechter (“throughout”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmq-pro",
"2": "ᚨᚠᛏᛖᚱ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Norse: ᚨᚠᛏᛖᚱ (after)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Norse: ᚨᚠᛏᛖᚱ (after)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "eptir"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: eptir, ęptir, eftir, ept; ᛁᚠᛏᛁᛦ (iftiʀ), ᛁᚠᛏᛁᚱ (iftir), ᛁᛒᛏᛁᛦ (ibtiʀ), ᛅᚠᛏᛁᛦ (aftiʀ), ᚬᚠᛏᛁᛦ (ąftiʀ), ᛅᛒᛏᛁᛦ (abtiʀ)\nIcelandic: eftir\nFaroese: eftir\nNorn: efter\nMiddle Norwegian: ettir\nNorwegian Nynorsk: etter\n→ Norwegian Bokmål: etter\nOld Jamtish: efti\nJamtish: ette\nElfdalian: etter\nOld Swedish: æptir, æftir, ættir\nSwedish: efter\nOld Danish: æftær, æftir\nDanish: efter\nNorwegian Bokmål: efter (unofficial, riksmål)\nScanian: ætte\nOld Gutnish: eptir, aktr, ebtir, efter, eftir, epter\nGutnish: etta, ettar, yttur (fårö)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: eptir, ęptir, eftir, ept; ᛁᚠᛏᛁᛦ (iftiʀ), ᛁᚠᛏᛁᚱ (iftir), ᛁᛒᛏᛁᛦ (ibtiʀ), ᛅᚠᛏᛁᛦ (aftiʀ), ᚬᚠᛏᛁᛦ (ąftiʀ), ᛅᛒᛏᛁᛦ (abtiʀ)\nIcelandic: eftir\nFaroese: eftir\nNorn: efter\nMiddle Norwegian: ettir\nNorwegian Nynorsk: etter\n→ Norwegian Bokmål: etter\nOld Jamtish: efti\nJamtish: ette\nElfdalian: etter\nOld Swedish: æptir, æftir, ættir\nSwedish: efter\nOld Danish: æftær, æftir\nDanish: efter\nNorwegian Bokmål: efter (unofficial, riksmål)\nScanian: ætte\nOld Gutnish: eptir, aktr, ebtir, efter, eftir, epter\nGutnish: etta, ettar, yttur (fårö)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*h₂ep(o)teros"
},
"expansion": "*h₂ep(o)teros",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₂epó",
"t": "away, off, from"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₂epó (“away, off, from”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*-teros"
},
"expansion": "*-teros",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From the locative form of Pre-Germanic *h₂ep(o)teros, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂epó (“away, off, from”) + *-teros.",
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/after",
"pos": "prep",
"related": [
{
"word": "afteraz"
},
{
"word": "afti"
},
{
"word": "aftiri"
},
{
"word": "aftrą"
},
{
"word": "aftai"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"after, behind [+dative]",
"after, behind"
],
"raw_glosses": [
"after, behind [+dative]"
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɑɸ.ter/"
}
],
"word": "after"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-09 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (4d5d0bb and edd475d). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.