See ēnu in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "ōne",
"3": "ōni"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian: ōne, ōni",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Frisian: ōne, ōni"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "āno"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon: āno\nMiddle Low German: āne\nLow German: ahn",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Saxon: āno\nMiddle Low German: āne\nLow German: ahn"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "*āna"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch: *āna",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Dutch: *āna"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "ane",
"3": "an",
"4": "on"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch: ane, an, on",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Dutch: ane, an, on"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "ane dancs",
"3": "ondancs",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Middle Dutch: ane dancs, ondancs",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Middle Dutch: ane dancs, ondancs"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "ondanks"
},
"expansion": "Dutch: ondanks",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Dutch: ondanks"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "li",
"2": "óndanks",
"3": "óndanx"
},
"expansion": "Limburgish: óndanks, óndanx",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Limburgish: óndanks, óndanx"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "āno"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: āno, ānu, āna, āne\nMiddle High German: âne, ân\nAlemannic German: ooni, ohni, ouni\nBavarian:\nCimbrian: ane\nCentral Franconian: ohne, ohni, ohnt\nLuxembourgish: ouni\nEast Central German: ohne\nVilamovian: ona\nGerman: ohne\nYiddish: אָן (on)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: āno, ānu, āna, āne\nMiddle High German: âne, ân\nAlemannic German: ooni, ohni, ouni\nBavarian:\nCimbrian: ane\nCentral Franconian: ohne, ohni, ohnt\nLuxembourgish: ouni\nEast Central German: ohne\nVilamovian: ona\nGerman: ohne\nYiddish: אָן (on)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmq-pro",
"2": "*ᚨᚾᚢ",
"ts": "ānu"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Norse: *ᚨᚾᚢ (*anu /ānu/)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Norse: *ᚨᚾᚢ (*anu /ānu/)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "án"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: án, ón\nIcelandic: án\nFaroese: ón\n→ Middle English: *on, on-\nEnglish: on, ohn\nScots: on-, ohn-",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: án, ón\nIcelandic: án\nFaroese: ón\n→ Middle English: *on, on-\nEnglish: on, ohn\nScots: on-, ohn-"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐌹𐌽𐌿",
"3": "𐌹𐌽𐌿𐌷"
},
"expansion": "Gothic: 𐌹𐌽𐌿 (inu), 𐌹𐌽𐌿𐌷 (inuh)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gothic: 𐌹𐌽𐌿 (inu), 𐌹𐌽𐌿𐌷 (inuh)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*énu",
"t": "along, after"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *énu (“along, after”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "ἄνευ"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek ἄνευ (áneu)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Dunkel reconstructs Proto-Indo-European *énu (“along, after”) for Gothic and lengthened grade *ḗnu for North and West Germanic. Kroonen derives Alemannic and Cimbrian from *ēneu and unites this with the forms *ēnu and *enu by positing a Proto-Indo-European u-stem noun *h₂ḗn-u, loc. *h₂n-éw, from *h₂en- (“to scoop”), which could also explain Ancient Greek ἄνευ (áneu).",
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/ēnu",
"pos": "prep",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Germanic prepositions",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"without"
],
"id": "en-ēnu-gem-pro-prep-EhayqIl1",
"links": [
[
"without",
"without"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(with instrumental) without"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "ēnō"
},
{
"word": "ēnau"
},
{
"word": "inō"
},
{
"word": "enu"
},
{
"word": "ēneu"
}
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction",
"with-instrumental"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Helmut Rix",
"Lexikon der indogermanischen Partikeln und Pronominalstämme",
"Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben"
]
}
],
"word": "ēnu"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "ōne",
"3": "ōni"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian: ōne, ōni",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Frisian: ōne, ōni"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "āno"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon: āno\nMiddle Low German: āne\nLow German: ahn",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Saxon: āno\nMiddle Low German: āne\nLow German: ahn"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "*āna"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch: *āna",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Dutch: *āna"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "ane",
"3": "an",
"4": "on"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch: ane, an, on",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Dutch: ane, an, on"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "ane dancs",
"3": "ondancs",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Middle Dutch: ane dancs, ondancs",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Middle Dutch: ane dancs, ondancs"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "ondanks"
},
"expansion": "Dutch: ondanks",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Dutch: ondanks"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "li",
"2": "óndanks",
"3": "óndanx"
},
"expansion": "Limburgish: óndanks, óndanx",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Limburgish: óndanks, óndanx"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "āno"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: āno, ānu, āna, āne\nMiddle High German: âne, ân\nAlemannic German: ooni, ohni, ouni\nBavarian:\nCimbrian: ane\nCentral Franconian: ohne, ohni, ohnt\nLuxembourgish: ouni\nEast Central German: ohne\nVilamovian: ona\nGerman: ohne\nYiddish: אָן (on)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: āno, ānu, āna, āne\nMiddle High German: âne, ân\nAlemannic German: ooni, ohni, ouni\nBavarian:\nCimbrian: ane\nCentral Franconian: ohne, ohni, ohnt\nLuxembourgish: ouni\nEast Central German: ohne\nVilamovian: ona\nGerman: ohne\nYiddish: אָן (on)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmq-pro",
"2": "*ᚨᚾᚢ",
"ts": "ānu"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Norse: *ᚨᚾᚢ (*anu /ānu/)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Norse: *ᚨᚾᚢ (*anu /ānu/)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "án"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: án, ón\nIcelandic: án\nFaroese: ón\n→ Middle English: *on, on-\nEnglish: on, ohn\nScots: on-, ohn-",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: án, ón\nIcelandic: án\nFaroese: ón\n→ Middle English: *on, on-\nEnglish: on, ohn\nScots: on-, ohn-"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐌹𐌽𐌿",
"3": "𐌹𐌽𐌿𐌷"
},
"expansion": "Gothic: 𐌹𐌽𐌿 (inu), 𐌹𐌽𐌿𐌷 (inuh)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gothic: 𐌹𐌽𐌿 (inu), 𐌹𐌽𐌿𐌷 (inuh)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*énu",
"t": "along, after"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *énu (“along, after”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "ἄνευ"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek ἄνευ (áneu)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Dunkel reconstructs Proto-Indo-European *énu (“along, after”) for Gothic and lengthened grade *ḗnu for North and West Germanic. Kroonen derives Alemannic and Cimbrian from *ēneu and unites this with the forms *ēnu and *enu by positing a Proto-Indo-European u-stem noun *h₂ḗn-u, loc. *h₂n-éw, from *h₂en- (“to scoop”), which could also explain Ancient Greek ἄνευ (áneu).",
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/ēnu",
"pos": "prep",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-Germanic prepositions",
"Proto-Germanic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Germanic terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European"
],
"glosses": [
"without"
],
"links": [
[
"without",
"without"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(with instrumental) without"
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction",
"with-instrumental"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Helmut Rix",
"Lexikon der indogermanischen Partikeln und Pronominalstämme",
"Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "ēnō"
},
{
"word": "ēnau"
},
{
"word": "inō"
},
{
"word": "enu"
},
{
"word": "ēneu"
}
],
"word": "ēnu"
}
Download raw JSONL data for ēnu meaning in Proto-Germanic (4.2kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-15 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (8a39820 and 4401a4c). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.