See þurhw in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for þurhw meaning in Proto-Germanic (5.7kB)
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "þurh",
"3": "þuruh"
},
"expansion": "Old English: þurh, þuruh",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old English: þurh, þuruh"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "thurgh",
"3": "thurh",
"4": "thruh"
},
"expansion": "Middle English: thurgh, thurh, thruh",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle English: thurgh, thurh, thruh"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "through",
"3": "thorough"
},
"expansion": "English: through, thorough",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: through, thorough"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "throuch",
"3": "thorow"
},
"expansion": "Scots: throuch, thorow",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: throuch, thorow"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Frisian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "stq",
"2": "truch"
},
"expansion": "Saterland Frisian: truch",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Saterland Frisian: truch"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "troch"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian: troch",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "West Frisian: troch"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "thurh"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon: thurh",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Saxon: thurh"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": ""
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Low German:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nds-de",
"2": "dörch",
"3": "dör"
},
"expansion": "German Low German: dörch, dör",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nds-de",
"2": "dür"
},
"expansion": "dür",
"name": "l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nds-de",
"2": "diör"
},
"expansion": "diör",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "German Low German: dörch, dör; dür (Paderbornisch); diör (Münsterländisch)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "thuro"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch: thuro\nMiddle Dutch: dōre\nDutch: door\nAfrikaans: deur\nBerbice Creole Dutch: doro\nJersey Dutch: dœr\nNegerhollands: door\nPetjo: door\nSkepi Creole Dutch: door\nSranan Tongo: doro\nAukan: doo\nKwinti: doo, doro\nSaramaccan: dóu\n→ Kari'na: dorome\n→ Caribbean Javanese: dhur, dhur-dhuran\n→ Papiamentu: dor\nLimburgish: doear, doearch, dórch\nWest Flemish: deur\nZealandic: deu, deur, door",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Dutch: thuro\nMiddle Dutch: dōre\nDutch: door\nAfrikaans: deur\nBerbice Creole Dutch: doro\nJersey Dutch: dœr\nNegerhollands: door\nPetjo: door\nSkepi Creole Dutch: door\nSranan Tongo: doro\nAukan: doo\nKwinti: doo, doro\nSaramaccan: dóu\n→ Kari'na: dorome\n→ Caribbean Javanese: dhur, dhur-dhuran\n→ Papiamentu: dor\nLimburgish: doear, doearch, dórch\nWest Flemish: deur\nZealandic: deu, deur, door"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "duruh"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: duruh",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: duruh"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "durch"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German: durch",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle High German: durch"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "durch"
},
"expansion": "German: durch",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "German: durch"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "yi",
"2": "דורך"
},
"expansion": "Yiddish: דורך (durkh)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Yiddish: דורך (durkh)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "he",
"2": "דוך",
"bor": "4",
"tr": "dukh"
},
"expansion": "→ Hebrew: דוך (dukh)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Hebrew: דוך (dukh)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hrx",
"2": "dorrich"
},
"expansion": "Hunsrik: dorrich",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Hunsrik: dorrich"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*terh₂-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*tr̥h₂(h₃)kʷ-"
},
"expansion": "*tr̥h₂(h₃)kʷ-",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*terh₂-",
"4": "",
"5": "to cross"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *terh₂- (“to cross”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*h₃ekʷ-",
"3": "",
"4": "to see"
},
"expansion": "*h₃ekʷ- (“to see”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*-kʷe"
},
"expansion": "*-kʷe",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "तिरस्",
"3": "",
"4": "through"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit तिरस् (tiras, “through”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "तिर्यञ्च्",
"3": "",
"4": "transverse, horizontal"
},
"expansion": "तिर्यञ्च् (tiryañc, “transverse, horizontal”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "trāns"
},
"expansion": "Latin trāns",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Likely from Pre-Germanic *tr̥h₂(h₃)kʷ-, a compound of Proto-Indo-European *terh₂- (“to cross”) + *h₃ekʷ- (“to see”). Others take the second element to be *-kʷe. In either event related to Sanskrit तिरस् (tiras, “through”), तिर्यञ्च् (tiryañc, “transverse, horizontal”), Latin trāns.",
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/þurhw",
"pos": "prep",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Germanic prepositions",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"through"
],
"id": "en-þurhw-gem-pro-prep-nGcl3Caa",
"links": [
[
"through",
"through"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(+accusative) through"
],
"related": [
{
"word": "þerhw"
}
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction",
"with-accusative"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/θurxʷ/"
}
],
"word": "þurhw"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "þurh",
"3": "þuruh"
},
"expansion": "Old English: þurh, þuruh",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old English: þurh, þuruh"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "thurgh",
"3": "thurh",
"4": "thruh"
},
"expansion": "Middle English: thurgh, thurh, thruh",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle English: thurgh, thurh, thruh"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "through",
"3": "thorough"
},
"expansion": "English: through, thorough",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: through, thorough"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "throuch",
"3": "thorow"
},
"expansion": "Scots: throuch, thorow",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: throuch, thorow"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Frisian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "stq",
"2": "truch"
},
"expansion": "Saterland Frisian: truch",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Saterland Frisian: truch"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "troch"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian: troch",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "West Frisian: troch"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "thurh"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon: thurh",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Saxon: thurh"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": ""
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Low German:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nds-de",
"2": "dörch",
"3": "dör"
},
"expansion": "German Low German: dörch, dör",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nds-de",
"2": "dür"
},
"expansion": "dür",
"name": "l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nds-de",
"2": "diör"
},
"expansion": "diör",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "German Low German: dörch, dör; dür (Paderbornisch); diör (Münsterländisch)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "thuro"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch: thuro\nMiddle Dutch: dōre\nDutch: door\nAfrikaans: deur\nBerbice Creole Dutch: doro\nJersey Dutch: dœr\nNegerhollands: door\nPetjo: door\nSkepi Creole Dutch: door\nSranan Tongo: doro\nAukan: doo\nKwinti: doo, doro\nSaramaccan: dóu\n→ Kari'na: dorome\n→ Caribbean Javanese: dhur, dhur-dhuran\n→ Papiamentu: dor\nLimburgish: doear, doearch, dórch\nWest Flemish: deur\nZealandic: deu, deur, door",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Dutch: thuro\nMiddle Dutch: dōre\nDutch: door\nAfrikaans: deur\nBerbice Creole Dutch: doro\nJersey Dutch: dœr\nNegerhollands: door\nPetjo: door\nSkepi Creole Dutch: door\nSranan Tongo: doro\nAukan: doo\nKwinti: doo, doro\nSaramaccan: dóu\n→ Kari'na: dorome\n→ Caribbean Javanese: dhur, dhur-dhuran\n→ Papiamentu: dor\nLimburgish: doear, doearch, dórch\nWest Flemish: deur\nZealandic: deu, deur, door"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "duruh"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: duruh",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: duruh"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "durch"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German: durch",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle High German: durch"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "durch"
},
"expansion": "German: durch",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "German: durch"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "yi",
"2": "דורך"
},
"expansion": "Yiddish: דורך (durkh)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Yiddish: דורך (durkh)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "he",
"2": "דוך",
"bor": "4",
"tr": "dukh"
},
"expansion": "→ Hebrew: דוך (dukh)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Hebrew: דוך (dukh)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hrx",
"2": "dorrich"
},
"expansion": "Hunsrik: dorrich",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Hunsrik: dorrich"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*terh₂-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*tr̥h₂(h₃)kʷ-"
},
"expansion": "*tr̥h₂(h₃)kʷ-",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*terh₂-",
"4": "",
"5": "to cross"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *terh₂- (“to cross”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*h₃ekʷ-",
"3": "",
"4": "to see"
},
"expansion": "*h₃ekʷ- (“to see”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*-kʷe"
},
"expansion": "*-kʷe",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "तिरस्",
"3": "",
"4": "through"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit तिरस् (tiras, “through”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "तिर्यञ्च्",
"3": "",
"4": "transverse, horizontal"
},
"expansion": "तिर्यञ्च् (tiryañc, “transverse, horizontal”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "trāns"
},
"expansion": "Latin trāns",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Likely from Pre-Germanic *tr̥h₂(h₃)kʷ-, a compound of Proto-Indo-European *terh₂- (“to cross”) + *h₃ekʷ- (“to see”). Others take the second element to be *-kʷe. In either event related to Sanskrit तिरस् (tiras, “through”), तिर्यञ्च् (tiryañc, “transverse, horizontal”), Latin trāns.",
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/þurhw",
"pos": "prep",
"related": [
{
"word": "þerhw"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-Germanic prepositions",
"Proto-Germanic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Germanic terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *terh₂-",
"Proto-Germanic terms with IPA pronunciation"
],
"glosses": [
"through"
],
"links": [
[
"through",
"through"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(+accusative) through"
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction",
"with-accusative"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/θurxʷ/"
}
],
"word": "þurhw"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-16 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (e268c0e and 304864d). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.