See þai in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSONL data for þai meaning in Proto-Germanic (6.3kB)
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*þai"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *þai",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *þai"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "þā"
},
"expansion": "Old English: þā",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old English: þā"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "tha",
"3": "tho"
},
"expansion": "Middle English: tha, tho",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle English: tha, tho; thas, thos"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "tha",
"3": "thai"
},
"expansion": "Scots: tha, thai",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: tha, thai; thais"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "tho"
},
"expansion": "English: tho",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: tho; those"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "thā"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian: thā",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Frisian: thā"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "stq",
"2": "do"
},
"expansion": "Saterland Frisian: do",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Saterland Frisian: do"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "dy"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian: dy",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "West Frisian: dy"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "thē"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon: thē",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Saxon: thē"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "dê"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German: dê",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Low German: dê"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nds-de",
"2": "de"
},
"expansion": "German Low German: de",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "German Low German: de"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "thie"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch: thie",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Dutch: thie"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "die"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch: die",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Dutch: die"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "die"
},
"expansion": "Dutch: die",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Dutch: die"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "dē",
"3": "dea",
"4": "dia",
"5": "die"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: dē, dea, dia, die",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: dē, dea, dia, die"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "dē",
"3": "die"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German: dē, die",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle High German: dē, die"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "die"
},
"expansion": "German: die",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "German: die"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmq-pro",
"2": "*ᚦᚨᛁᛉ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Norse: *ᚦᚨᛁᛉ (*þaiʀ)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Norse: *ᚦᚨᛁᛉ (*þaiʀ)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "þeir"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: þeir, ᚦᛅᛁᛦ (þaiʀ) — early Common Nordic; ᚦᛅᛁᚱ (þair), ᚦᛂᛁᚱ (þeir) — after merger of r and ʀ, occurring by the 800s in West Norse and late 1000s in East Norse; ᚦᛂᚱ (þer), ᚦᛂᛦ (þeʀ), ᚦᛁᚱ (þir), ᚦᛁᛦ (þiʀ) — after East Norse monophthongization, starting in the mid 900s in Denmark; ᚦᛅ (þa); ᚦᛅᛁᛘ (þaim) — Common Nordic; ᚦᛂᛁᛘ (þeim) — after invention of stung runes; ᚦᛂᛘ (þem), ᚦᛁᛘ (þim) — after East Norse monophthongization; ᚦᛅᛁᚱᛅ (þaira), ᚦᛅᛁᛦᛅ (þaiʀa), ᚦᛂᛁᚱᛅ (þeira), ᚦᛂᛁᛦᛅ (þeiʀa), ᚦᛂᚱᛅ (þera), ᚦᛂᛦᛅ (þeʀa), ᚦᛁᚱᛅ (þira), ᚦᛁᛦᛅ (þiʀa)\nIcelandic: þeir\nFaroese: teir\nNorwegian Nynorsk: dei\nJamtish: di\nElfdalian: dier\nOld Swedish: þēr, the, þir, thi\nSwedish: de, (archaic) the, dhe (dialectal) di, da\nDanish: de\nNorwegian Bokmål: de\nOld Gutnish: þar\nGutnish: dair, di\n→ Middle English: thei, they\nScots: they\nEnglish: they",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: þeir, ᚦᛅᛁᛦ (þaiʀ) — early Common Nordic; ᚦᛅᛁᚱ (þair), ᚦᛂᛁᚱ (þeir) — after merger of r and ʀ, occurring by the 800s in West Norse and late 1000s in East Norse; ᚦᛂᚱ (þer), ᚦᛂᛦ (þeʀ), ᚦᛁᚱ (þir), ᚦᛁᛦ (þiʀ) — after East Norse monophthongization, starting in the mid 900s in Denmark; ᚦᛅ (þa); ᚦᛅᛁᛘ (þaim) — Common Nordic; ᚦᛂᛁᛘ (þeim) — after invention of stung runes; ᚦᛂᛘ (þem), ᚦᛁᛘ (þim) — after East Norse monophthongization; ᚦᛅᛁᚱᛅ (þaira), ᚦᛅᛁᛦᛅ (þaiʀa), ᚦᛂᛁᚱᛅ (þeira), ᚦᛂᛁᛦᛅ (þeiʀa), ᚦᛂᚱᛅ (þera), ᚦᛂᛦᛅ (þeʀa), ᚦᛁᚱᛅ (þira), ᚦᛁᛦᛅ (þiʀa)\nIcelandic: þeir\nFaroese: teir\nNorwegian Nynorsk: dei\nJamtish: di\nElfdalian: dier\nOld Swedish: þēr, the, þir, thi\nSwedish: de, (archaic) the, dhe (dialectal) di, da\nDanish: de\nNorwegian Bokmål: de\nOld Gutnish: þar\nGutnish: dair, di\n→ Middle English: thei, they\nScots: they\nEnglish: they"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "inh",
"3": "ine-pro>*tóy>they",
"id": "they"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*tóy"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *tóy",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*dwóh₁"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *dwóh₁",
"name": "ncog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From demonstrative root *þa- with plural suffix *-i, inherited from Proto-Indo-European *tóy. Compare *twai (“two”), from Proto-Indo-European *dwóh₁ with same suffix.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "determiner form"
},
"expansion": "*þai",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/þai",
"pos": "det",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Entries referencing etymons with invalid IDs",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"they; those; nominative plural masculine of *sa"
],
"id": "en-þai-gem-pro-det-3ChO-YLb",
"links": [
[
"they",
"they"
],
[
"those",
"those"
],
[
"*sa",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/sa"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/θɑi̯/"
}
],
"word": "þai"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*þai"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *þai",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *þai"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "þā"
},
"expansion": "Old English: þā",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old English: þā"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "tha",
"3": "tho"
},
"expansion": "Middle English: tha, tho",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle English: tha, tho; thas, thos"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "tha",
"3": "thai"
},
"expansion": "Scots: tha, thai",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: tha, thai; thais"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "tho"
},
"expansion": "English: tho",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: tho; those"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "thā"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian: thā",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Frisian: thā"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "stq",
"2": "do"
},
"expansion": "Saterland Frisian: do",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Saterland Frisian: do"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "dy"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian: dy",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "West Frisian: dy"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "thē"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon: thē",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Saxon: thē"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "dê"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German: dê",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Low German: dê"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nds-de",
"2": "de"
},
"expansion": "German Low German: de",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "German Low German: de"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "thie"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch: thie",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Dutch: thie"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "die"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch: die",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Dutch: die"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "die"
},
"expansion": "Dutch: die",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Dutch: die"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "dē",
"3": "dea",
"4": "dia",
"5": "die"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: dē, dea, dia, die",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: dē, dea, dia, die"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "dē",
"3": "die"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German: dē, die",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle High German: dē, die"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "die"
},
"expansion": "German: die",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "German: die"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmq-pro",
"2": "*ᚦᚨᛁᛉ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Norse: *ᚦᚨᛁᛉ (*þaiʀ)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Norse: *ᚦᚨᛁᛉ (*þaiʀ)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "þeir"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: þeir, ᚦᛅᛁᛦ (þaiʀ) — early Common Nordic; ᚦᛅᛁᚱ (þair), ᚦᛂᛁᚱ (þeir) — after merger of r and ʀ, occurring by the 800s in West Norse and late 1000s in East Norse; ᚦᛂᚱ (þer), ᚦᛂᛦ (þeʀ), ᚦᛁᚱ (þir), ᚦᛁᛦ (þiʀ) — after East Norse monophthongization, starting in the mid 900s in Denmark; ᚦᛅ (þa); ᚦᛅᛁᛘ (þaim) — Common Nordic; ᚦᛂᛁᛘ (þeim) — after invention of stung runes; ᚦᛂᛘ (þem), ᚦᛁᛘ (þim) — after East Norse monophthongization; ᚦᛅᛁᚱᛅ (þaira), ᚦᛅᛁᛦᛅ (þaiʀa), ᚦᛂᛁᚱᛅ (þeira), ᚦᛂᛁᛦᛅ (þeiʀa), ᚦᛂᚱᛅ (þera), ᚦᛂᛦᛅ (þeʀa), ᚦᛁᚱᛅ (þira), ᚦᛁᛦᛅ (þiʀa)\nIcelandic: þeir\nFaroese: teir\nNorwegian Nynorsk: dei\nJamtish: di\nElfdalian: dier\nOld Swedish: þēr, the, þir, thi\nSwedish: de, (archaic) the, dhe (dialectal) di, da\nDanish: de\nNorwegian Bokmål: de\nOld Gutnish: þar\nGutnish: dair, di\n→ Middle English: thei, they\nScots: they\nEnglish: they",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: þeir, ᚦᛅᛁᛦ (þaiʀ) — early Common Nordic; ᚦᛅᛁᚱ (þair), ᚦᛂᛁᚱ (þeir) — after merger of r and ʀ, occurring by the 800s in West Norse and late 1000s in East Norse; ᚦᛂᚱ (þer), ᚦᛂᛦ (þeʀ), ᚦᛁᚱ (þir), ᚦᛁᛦ (þiʀ) — after East Norse monophthongization, starting in the mid 900s in Denmark; ᚦᛅ (þa); ᚦᛅᛁᛘ (þaim) — Common Nordic; ᚦᛂᛁᛘ (þeim) — after invention of stung runes; ᚦᛂᛘ (þem), ᚦᛁᛘ (þim) — after East Norse monophthongization; ᚦᛅᛁᚱᛅ (þaira), ᚦᛅᛁᛦᛅ (þaiʀa), ᚦᛂᛁᚱᛅ (þeira), ᚦᛂᛁᛦᛅ (þeiʀa), ᚦᛂᚱᛅ (þera), ᚦᛂᛦᛅ (þeʀa), ᚦᛁᚱᛅ (þira), ᚦᛁᛦᛅ (þiʀa)\nIcelandic: þeir\nFaroese: teir\nNorwegian Nynorsk: dei\nJamtish: di\nElfdalian: dier\nOld Swedish: þēr, the, þir, thi\nSwedish: de, (archaic) the, dhe (dialectal) di, da\nDanish: de\nNorwegian Bokmål: de\nOld Gutnish: þar\nGutnish: dair, di\n→ Middle English: thei, they\nScots: they\nEnglish: they"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "inh",
"3": "ine-pro>*tóy>they",
"id": "they"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*tóy"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *tóy",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*dwóh₁"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *dwóh₁",
"name": "ncog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From demonstrative root *þa- with plural suffix *-i, inherited from Proto-Indo-European *tóy. Compare *twai (“two”), from Proto-Indo-European *dwóh₁ with same suffix.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "determiner form"
},
"expansion": "*þai",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/þai",
"pos": "det",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Entries referencing etymons with invalid IDs",
"Proto-Germanic determiner forms",
"Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Germanic non-lemma forms",
"Proto-Germanic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Germanic terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Germanic terms with IPA pronunciation"
],
"glosses": [
"they; those; nominative plural masculine of *sa"
],
"links": [
[
"they",
"they"
],
[
"those",
"those"
],
[
"*sa",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/sa"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/θɑi̯/"
}
],
"word": "þai"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-07-22 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-07-20 using wiktextract (0af6c06 and 6aeea9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.