harjanaz

harjanaz (nominative singular)
harjanōz (nominative plural)
harjanōs (nominative plural)
harjan (singular vocative)
harjanōz (plural vocative)
harjanōs (plural vocative)
harjaną (accusative singular)
harjananz (accusative plural)
harjanas (genitive singular)
harjanis (genitive singular)
harjanǫ̂ (genitive plural)
harjanai (dative singular)
harjanamaz (dative plural)
harjanō (instrumental singular)
harjanamiz (instrumental plural)

Old Norse: Herjann
Icelandic: Herjann

From *harjaz (“army, warband”) + *-anaz. Cognate with Ancient Greek κοίρανος (koíranos, “king, ruler, lord”).


wīks

wīks (nominative singular)
wīkiz (nominative plural)
wīk (singular vocative)
wīkiz (plural vocative)
wīkų (accusative singular)
wīkunz (accusative plural)
wīkiz (genitive singular)
wīkǫ̂ (genitive plural)
wīki (dative singular)
wīkumaz (dative plural)
wīkē (instrumental singular)
wīkumiz (instrumental plural)

From Proto-Indo-European *weyk- (“to bend, curve”).


þwerhōną

þwerhō (active first-person indicative singular)
þwerhǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
þwerhōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
þwerhōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
þwerhōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
þwerhō (active imperative second-person singular)
þwerhōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
þwerhōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
þwerhōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
þwerhō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
þwerhōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
þwerhōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
þwerhōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
þwerhōs (active dual first-person indicative)
þwerhōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
þwerhōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
þwerhōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
þwerhōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
þwerhōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
þwerhōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
þwerhōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
þwerhōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
þwerhōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
þwerhōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
þwerhōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
þwerhōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
þwerhōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
þwerhōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
þwerhōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
þwerhōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
þwerhōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
þwerhōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
þwerhōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
þwerhōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
þwerhōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
þwerhōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
þwerhōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
þwerhōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
þwerhōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
þwerhōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
þwerhōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
þwerhōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
þwerhōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
þwerhōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
þwerhōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
þwerhōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
þwerhōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
þwerhōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
þwerhōndz (active participle present)
þwerhōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *þwerhōn
Old English: þweorian, þwȳrian
Middle English: thwiren
Old Saxon: *þwerhōn
Middle Low German: dwēren
Old High German: *dwerahōn
Middle High German: twerhen, zwerchen
German: queren

Old Norse: *þvera, þverast

Icelandic: þvera

Swedish: tvära

From *þwerhaz (“cross, adverse”) + *-ōną.


kwikwǭ

kwikwǭ (nominative singular)
kwikwōniz (nominative plural)
kwikwǭ (singular vocative)
kwikwōniz (plural vocative)
kwikwōnų (accusative singular)
kwikwōnunz (accusative plural)
kwikwōniz (genitive singular)
kwikwōnǫ̂ (genitive plural)
kwikwōni (dative singular)
kwikwōmaz (dative plural)
kwikwōnē (instrumental singular)
kwikwōmiz (instrumental plural)

Proto-West Germanic: *kwikwā
Old English: cwice
Middle English: quike, quyke, quich
English: quitch, couch
⇒ English: quitchgrass, couch grass
⇒ English: quickgrass, quackgrass
⇒ Early Scots: quickens
Scots: quickene, quicken
Old Frisian: *kwike
Saterland Frisian: Kwíeke
West Frisian: kwiik
Old Saxon: *kwika, *kweka, *kwekka
Middle Low German: quecke, queyke, quēke, quēken
German Low German: Queek
Old Dutch: *kwika, *kweka, *kwekka
Middle Dutch: queke, quecke, queken
Dutch: kweek, kwekwe (dialectal), kwèkken (dialectal)
Afrikaans: kweek
→ West Frisian: kweek
Old High German: kwekka, quecka
Middle High German: quecke
German: Quecke

Old Norse: *kvikva

Norwegian Nynorsk: kvika

desc

Swedish: kvicka, kvika (dial.), kveka (dial.), kvekka (dial.), kvegga (dial.), kveke (dial.), kvekke (dial.), kvek (dial.)

⇒ Swedish: kvickrot

Old Danish: kvik

⇒ Danish: kvikgræs

a type of grass, similar to wheat; couch grass


tehundōną

tehundō (active first-person indicative singular)
tehundǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
tehundōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
tehundōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
tehundōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
tehundō (active imperative second-person singular)
tehundōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
tehundōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
tehundōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
tehundō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
tehundōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
tehundōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
tehundōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
tehundōs (active dual first-person indicative)
tehundōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
tehundōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
tehundōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
tehundōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
tehundōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
tehundōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
tehundōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
tehundōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
tehundōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
tehundōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
tehundōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
tehundōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
tehundōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
tehundōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
tehundōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
tehundōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
tehundōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
tehundōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
tehundōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
tehundōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
tehundōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
tehundōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
tehundōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
tehundōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
tehundōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
tehundōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
tehundōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
tehundōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
tehundōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
tehundōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
tehundōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
tehundōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
tehundōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
tehundōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
tehundōndz (active participle present)
tehundōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *tehundōn
Old English: tēoþian, teogoþian
Middle English: tithen, teþen, teythe, tiþe, tiþen, tythe, tythen, tyþin, teðien, teoheðien, teouðen, teþegen, tiheðen
English: tithe
Old Saxon: *tehandōn, tegathōn
Middle Low German: tēnden, tīenden, tēgeden, tēgen
Old Dutch: *tiandon
Middle Dutch: tienden
Dutch: tienden
Old High German: *zehandōn
Middle High German: zehenden

Old Norse: tíunda

Icelandic: tíunda

Swedish: tionda

to pay a tithe, to pay a tenth of something

to receive a tithe, to receive a tenth of something


uberōną

uberō (active first-person indicative singular)
uberǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
uberōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
uberōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
uberōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
uberō (active imperative second-person singular)
uberōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
uberōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
uberōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
uberō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
uberōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
uberōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
uberōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
uberōs (active dual first-person indicative)
uberōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
uberōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
uberōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
uberōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
uberōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
uberōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
uberōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
uberōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
uberōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
uberōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
uberōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
uberōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
uberōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
uberōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
uberōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
uberōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
uberōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
uberōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
uberōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
uberōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
uberōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
uberōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
uberōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
uberōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
uberōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
uberōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
uberōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
uberōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
uberōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
uberōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
uberōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
uberōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
uberōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
uberōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
uberōndz (active participle present)
uberōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *obarōn
Old English: oferian, uferian
Old Saxon: *ovarōn
Middle Low German: ȫveren, ōveren
Old Dutch: *overon
Middle Dutch: ōveren
Dutch: overen
Old High German: obarōn
Middle High German: oberen, überen

Old Norse: ofra

Icelandic: ofra


arbijǭ

arbǭ (nominative singular)
arbōniz (nominative plural)
arbǭ (singular vocative)
arbōniz (plural vocative)
arbōnų (accusative singular)
arbōnunz (accusative plural)
arbōniz (genitive singular)
arbōnǫ̂ (genitive plural)
arbōni (dative singular)
arbōmaz (dative plural)
arbōnē (instrumental singular)
arbōmiz (instrumental plural)

Old Norse: arfa

Icelandic: arfa

Gothic: 𐌰𐍂𐌱𐌾𐍉 (arbjō)


hwaþjaną

hwaþjō (active first-person indicative singular)
hwaþjaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
hwaþjai (first-person indicative passive singular)
hwaþisi (active indicative second-person singular)
hwaþjais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
hwaþi (active imperative second-person singular)
hwaþjasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
hwaþjaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
hwaþiþi (active indicative singular third-person)
hwaþjai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
hwaþjaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
hwaþjaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
hwaþjaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
hwaþjōs (active dual first-person indicative)
hwaþjaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
hwaþjaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
hwaþjaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
hwaþjaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
hwaþjamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
hwaþjaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
hwaþjanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
hwaþjainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
hwaþiþ (active indicative plural second-person)
hwaþjaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
hwaþiþ (active imperative plural second-person)
hwaþjanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
hwaþjainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
hwaþjanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
hwaþjain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
hwaþjanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
hwaþjanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
hwaþjainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
hwaþidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
hwaþidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
hwaþidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
hwaþidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
hwaþidē (active indicative singular third-person)
hwaþidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
hwaþidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
hwaþidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
hwaþidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
hwaþidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
hwaþidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
hwaþidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
hwaþidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
hwaþidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
hwaþidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
hwaþidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
hwaþjandz (active participle present)
hwaþidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

⇒ Proto-West Germanic: *hwaþrōn

Old English: hwaþerian, hwoþerian

Gothic: 𐍈𐌰𐌸𐌾𐌰𐌽 (ƕaþjan)

/ˈxʷɑθ.jɑ.nɑ̃/

From Proto-Indo-European *kwh₂et- (“to ferment, become sour”).


jukōną

jukō (active first-person indicative singular)
jukǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
jukōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
jukōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
jukōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
jukō (active imperative second-person singular)
jukōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
jukōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
jukōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
jukō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
jukōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
jukōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
jukōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
jukōs (active dual first-person indicative)
jukōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
jukōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
jukōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
jukōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
jukōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
jukōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
jukōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
jukōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
jukōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
jukōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
jukōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
jukōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
jukōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
jukōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
jukōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
jukōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
jukōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
jukōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
jukōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
jukōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
jukōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
jukōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
jukōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
jukōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
jukōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
jukōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
jukōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
jukōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
jukōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
jukōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
jukōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
jukōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
jukōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
jukōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
jukōndz (active participle present)
jukōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *jukōn
Old English: ġeocian
Middle English: yoken, ȝeokyn, ȝoke, ȝoken, ȝokke, jockyn, yoke
English: yoke
Scots: yoke
Old Saxon: *jukōn
Middle Low German: jȫken, jōken
Old Dutch: *jukon
Middle Dutch: jōken, jocken, jucken
Dutch: jukken
Old High German: *johhōn
Middle High German: jochen
German: jochen

Old Norse: oka

Icelandic: oka


arkō

arkō (nominative singular)
arkôz (nominative plural)
arkō (singular vocative)
arkôz (plural vocative)
arkǭ (accusative singular)
arkōz (accusative plural)
arkōz (genitive singular)
arkǫ̂ (genitive plural)
arkōi (dative singular)
arkōmaz (dative plural)
arkō (instrumental singular)
arkōmiz (instrumental plural)

Proto-West Germanic: *arku
Old English: earce, earc, erc f, ærc n
Middle English: arke, ark
English: ark (see there for further descendants)
Scots: airk
Old Frisian: arke
Old Saxon: *arka
Middle Low German: arke, arche
Old Dutch: *arka
Middle Dutch: arke
Dutch: ark
Old High German: arka, arca, archa
Middle High German: arke, arc, arche, arch
German: Arche
→ Luxembourgish: Arch

Proto-Norse: *ᚨᚱᚲᚢ (*arku)

Old Norse: ǫrk

Faroese: ørk

Icelandic: örk

Norwegian Bokmål: ark

Old Swedish: ark

Swedish: ark
→ Finnish: arkki

→ Finnish: arkku

Gothic: 𐌰𐍂𐌺𐌰 (arka)


tō banini werþaną

Old English: to bonan weorþan

Old Saxon: te banon werðan

Old Dutch: *te banin werthan

Middle Dutch: te banen werden

Old High German: zi banin werdan

Old Norse: at bana verða

Icelandic: verða að bana

(transitive, with dative) to become (one’s) slayer; to murder


wilinōną

wilinō (active first-person indicative singular)
wilinǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
wilinōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
wilinōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
wilinōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
wilinō (active imperative second-person singular)
wilinōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
wilinōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
wilinōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
wilinō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
wilinōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
wilinōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
wilinōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
wilinōs (active dual first-person indicative)
wilinōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
wilinōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
wilinōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
wilinōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
wilinōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
wilinōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
wilinōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
wilinōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
wilinōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
wilinōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
wilinōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
wilinōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
wilinōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
wilinōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
wilinōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
wilinōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
wilinōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
wilinōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
wilinōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
wilinōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
wilinōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
wilinōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
wilinōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
wilinōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
wilinōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
wilinōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
wilinōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
wilinōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
wilinōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
wilinōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
wilinōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
wilinōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
wilinōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
wilinōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
wilinōndz (active participle present)
wilinōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *wilinōn

Old English: wilnian

Middle English: wilnen

Old Norse: vilna

Icelandic: vilna


þrawōną

þrawō (active first-person indicative singular)
þrawǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
þrawōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
þrawōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
þrawōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
þrawō (active imperative second-person singular)
þrawōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
þrawōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
þrawōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
þrawō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
þrawōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
þrawōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
þrawōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
þrawōs (active dual first-person indicative)
þrawōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
þrawōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
þrawōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
þrawōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
þrawōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
þrawōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
þrawōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
þrawōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
þrawōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
þrawōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
þrawōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
þrawōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
þrawōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
þrawōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
þrawōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
þrawōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
þrawōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
þrawōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
þrawōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
þrawōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
þrawōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
þrawōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
þrawōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
þrawōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
þrawōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
þrawōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
þrawōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
þrawōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
þrawōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
þrawōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
þrawōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
þrawōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
þrawōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
þrawōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
þrawōndz (active participle present)
þrawōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *þrawōn
Old English: þrēawian
Old Saxon: *thrōōn
Middle Low German: drouwen, drowen, drauwen, drūwen
Low German: drauhen
⇒ Old Saxon: githrōōn
Old High German: *drōōn
Middle High German: drōn, drouwen, drowen
German: drohen

Old Norse: þrá
Icelandic: þrá
Faroese: tráa
Norn: trå
Norwegian Nynorsk: trå
Norwegian Bokmål: trå
Old Swedish: þra, thra
Swedish: trå

From *þrawō (“suffering, longing”) + *-ōną.


-ijaz

-ijaz (nominative singular)
-ijōz (nominative plural)
-ijōs (nominative plural)
-ī (singular vocative)
-ijōz (plural vocative)
-ijōs (plural vocative)
-iją (accusative singular)
-ijanz (accusative plural)
-ijas (genitive singular)
-īs (genitive singular)
-ijǫ̂ (genitive plural)
-ijai (dative singular)
-ijamaz (dative plural)
-ijō (instrumental singular)
-ijamiz (instrumental plural)

Proto-Norse: -ᛁᛃᚨᛉ (-ijaʀ)

Inherited from Proto-Indo-European *-iyós. Cognate with Latin -ius, Ancient Greek -ιος (-ios), Sanskrit -य (-ya).

inh+

Nominal suffix denoting origin or descent.


hriþōną

hriþō (active first-person indicative singular)
hriþǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
hriþōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
hriþōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
hriþōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
hriþō (active imperative second-person singular)
hriþōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
hriþōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
hriþōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
hriþō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
hriþōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
hriþōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
hriþōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
hriþōs (active dual first-person indicative)
hriþōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
hriþōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
hriþōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
hriþōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
hriþōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
hriþōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
hriþōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
hriþōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
hriþōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
hriþōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
hriþōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
hriþōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
hriþōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
hriþōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
hriþōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
hriþōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
hriþōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
hriþōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
hriþōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
hriþōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
hriþōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
hriþōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
hriþōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
hriþōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
hriþōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
hriþōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
hriþōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
hriþōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
hriþōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
hriþōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
hriþōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
hriþōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
hriþōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
hriþōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
hriþōndz (active participle present)
hriþōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *hriþōn
Old English: hriþian

Old Norse: riða (with unexpected loss of initial h-)

Icelandic: riða

Faroese: riða

From *hriþiz (“shivers, fever”) + *-ōną. Compare also West Germanic *hrīþēn - *hrīþōn, which displays the full ablaut grade.


smēhōną

smēhō (active first-person indicative singular)
smēhǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
smēhōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
smēhōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
smēhōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
smēhō (active imperative second-person singular)
smēhōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
smēhōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
smēhōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
smēhō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
smēhōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
smēhōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
smēhōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
smēhōs (active dual first-person indicative)
smēhōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
smēhōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
smēhōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
smēhōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
smēhōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
smēhōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
smēhōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
smēhōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
smēhōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
smēhōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
smēhōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
smēhōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
smēhōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
smēhōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
smēhōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
smēhōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
smēhōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
smēhōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
smēhōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
smēhōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
smēhōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
smēhōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
smēhōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
smēhōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
smēhōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
smēhōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
smēhōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
smēhōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
smēhōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
smēhōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
smēhōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
smēhōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
smēhōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
smēhōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
smēhōndz (active participle present)
smēhōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *smāhōn
Old Frisian: smāia
West Frisian: smaadzje
Old Dutch: *smāon
Middle Dutch: smâen, smâden
Dutch: smaden
Old High German: *smāhon
Middle High German: smāhen

Old Norse: smá

Icelandic: smá

Faroese: smáa


swamōną

swamō (active first-person indicative singular)
swamǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
swamōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
swamōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
swamōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
swamō (active imperative second-person singular)
swamōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
swamōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
swamōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
swamō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
swamōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
swamōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
swamōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
swamōs (active dual first-person indicative)
swamōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
swamōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
swamōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
swamōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
swamōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
swamōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
swamōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
swamōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
swamōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
swamōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
swamōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
swamōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
swamōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
swamōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
swamōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
swamōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
swamōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
swamōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
swamōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
swamōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
swamōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
swamōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
swamōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
swamōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
swamōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
swamōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
swamōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
swamōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
swamōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
swamōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
swamōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
swamōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
swamōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
swamōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
swamōndz (active participle present)
swamōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *swamōn

Old High German: *swamōn

Middle High German: swamen

⇒ Old Norse: svamla

Icelandic: svamla

Faroese: svamla, svambla

Norwegian Nynorsk: svamle, svamla

Swedish: svamla

An o-grade iterative formation to the strong verb *swimmaną.


knusōną

knusō (active first-person indicative singular)
knusǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
knusōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
knusōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
knusōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
knusō (active imperative second-person singular)
knusōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
knusōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
knusōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
knusō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
knusōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
knusōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
knusōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
knusōs (active dual first-person indicative)
knusōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
knusōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
knusōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
knusōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
knusōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
knusōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
knusōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
knusōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
knusōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
knusōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
knusōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
knusōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
knusōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
knusōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
knusōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
knusōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
knusōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
knusōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
knusōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
knusōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
knusōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
knusōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
knusōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
knusōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
knusōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
knusōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
knusōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
knusōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
knusōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
knusōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
knusōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
knusōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
knusōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
knusōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
knusōndz (active participle present)
knusōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *knosōn
Old English: cnossian
Old Saxon: *knosōn
Middle Low German: knōsen
Old Dutch: *cnoson
Middle Dutch: cnōsen

Old Norse: knosa, *knusa

Icelandic: knosa

Norwegian:

Norwegian Bokmål: knuse

Norwegian Nynorsk: knuse, knusa

Swedish: knusa, knosa, knossa

Danish: knuse

Orel suggests an onomatopoeic origin. Compare also West Germanic *knussjan.


kippōną

kippō (active first-person indicative singular)
kippǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
kippōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
kippōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
kippōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
kippō (active imperative second-person singular)
kippōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
kippōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
kippōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
kippō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
kippōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
kippōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
kippōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
kippōs (active dual first-person indicative)
kippōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
kippōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
kippōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
kippōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
kippōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
kippōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
kippōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
kippōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
kippōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
kippōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
kippōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
kippōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
kippōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
kippōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
kippōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
kippōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
kippōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
kippōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
kippōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
kippōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
kippōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
kippōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
kippōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
kippōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
kippōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
kippōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
kippōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
kippōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
kippōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
kippōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
kippōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
kippōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
kippōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
kippōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
kippōndz (active participle present)
kippōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *kippōn
Old Saxon: *kippōn
Middle Low German: kippen
German Low German: kippen
→ Scots: kip
Old High German: *kippōn
Middle High German: kippen
German: kippen
→ Dutch: kippen, kiepen
→ West Frisian: kippe, kipe, kypje

Old Norse: *kippa

Icelandic: kippa

Faroese: kippa

Elfdalian: tjippas

A zero grade iterative formation to an unattested strong verb *kīpaną, whence also *kaipaz.


kippōną

Proto-West Germanic: *kippōn
Old English: *cippian
Middle English: chippen
English: chip
Scots: chip
Old Dutch: *kippon
Middle Dutch: kippen
Dutch: kippen
→ Middle Low German: kippen
→ Middle English: kippen (or borrowed from Old Norse instead)
English: kip

Old Norse: kippa

Icelandic: kippa

Faroese: kippa

Norwegian:

Norwegian Bokmål: kippe

Norwegian Nynorsk: kippe, kippa

Swedish: kippa

→ Middle English: kippen (or borrowed from Middle Dutch instead)

English: kip


grasugaz

grasugaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
grasugai (masculine nominative plural strong)
grasugō (feminine nominative singular strong)
grasugôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
grasugą (neuter nominative singular strong)
-at (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
grasugō (neuter nominative plural strong)
grasuganǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
grasuganz (accusative masculine plural strong)
grasugǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
grasugōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
grasugą (accusative neuter singular strong)
-at (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
grasugō (accusative neuter plural strong)
grasugas (genitive masculine singular strong)
grasugis (genitive masculine singular strong)
grasugaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
grasugaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
grasugaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
grasugas (genitive neuter singular strong)
grasugis (genitive neuter singular strong)
grasugaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
grasugammai (dative masculine singular strong)
grasugaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
grasugaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
grasugaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
grasugammai (dative neuter singular strong)
grasugaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
grasuganō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
grasugaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
grasugaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
grasugaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
grasuganō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
grasugaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
grasugô (masculine nominative singular weak)
grasuganiz (masculine nominative plural weak)
grasugǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
grasugōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
grasugô (neuter nominative singular weak)
grasugōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
grasuganų (accusative masculine singular weak)
grasuganunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
grasugōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
grasugōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
grasugô (accusative neuter singular weak)
grasugōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
grasuginiz (genitive masculine singular weak)
grasuganǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
grasugōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
grasugōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
grasuginiz (genitive neuter singular weak)
grasuganǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
grasugini (dative masculine singular weak)
grasugammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
grasugōni (dative feminine singular weak)
grasugōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
grasugini (dative neuter singular weak)
grasugammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
grasuginē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
grasugammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
grasugōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
grasugōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
grasuginē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
grasugammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

Proto-West Germanic: *grasag
Old English: *græsiġ, *gærsiġ
Middle English: grasy
English: grassy
Scots: gresy, gressy, gersy
Old Frisian: *gersich, *garsich, *gresich, *jersich
Saterland Frisian: gäärzig
West Frisian: gersich
Old Saxon: *grasag, *gresig
Middle Low German: grēsich
German Low German: gräsig
Old Dutch: *grasag
Middle Dutch: grasich
Dutch: grazig
Old High German: grasag
Middle High German: grasec, grasic
German: grasig

Old Norse: grǫsugr

Icelandic: grösugur


sunnô

sunnô (nominative singular)
sunnaniz (nominative plural)
sunnô (singular vocative)
sunnaniz (plural vocative)
sunnanų (accusative singular)
sunnanunz (accusative plural)
sunniniz (genitive singular)
sunnanǫ̂ (genitive plural)
sunnini (dative singular)
sunnammaz (dative plural)
sunninē (instrumental singular)
sunnammiz (instrumental plural)

Proto-West Germanic: *sunnō
Old English: sunna m
Middle English: sonne, sunne, sone, son, sune, sun, sunna, sunnæ, synne, soen, zunne (Southern West Mid), zonne (Kent)
English: sun
Scots: sun
Yola: zin
Old Saxon: sunno m
Middle Low German: sunne, sonne f or m
Dutch Low Saxon: zunne
German Low German: Sünn, Sünne
Plautdietsch: Sonn
Old Dutch: *sunno m
Middle Dutch: sonne f or m
Dutch: zon
Afrikaans: son
Berbice Creole Dutch: sono
Jersey Dutch: zon
Negerhollands: son, zon
→ Sranan Tongo: son (see there for further descendants)
Limburgish: zón
West Flemish: zunne
Zealandic: zunne
Old High German: sunno m
Middle High German: sunne f or m
Alemannic German: Sunnä
Italian Walser: sunna, sunnu, sònnò, ŝchunna, ŝchunnà
Bavarian: Son
Cimbrian: sunn, sonde, zunna
Mòcheno: sunn
Udinese: suna, sune, sunne
Viennese: Sun
Central Franconian: Sonn
German: Sonne
Luxembourgish: Sonn
Rhine Franconian:
Palatine German: Sunn
Pennsylvania German: Sunn
Vilamovian: zunn, zun
Yiddish: זון (zun)

desc

>? Gothic: *𐍃𐌿𐌽𐌽𐌰 (*sunna, nom.sg.), 𐍃𐌿𐌽𐌽𐌹𐌽 (sunnin, dat.sg.)

Suggested to be a nominalization of a lost adjective, possibly from *sunnaz (“sunny”) + *-ô (agent suffix), from Proto-Indo-European *sh₂un-wó-s, from *sóh₂wl̥ ~ *sh₂wéns (“sun”) + *-wós, or leveled from earlier paradigm *sundō ~ *sunᵈnaz, from *sundaz (“sunny”) + *-ô (agent suffix). from *sh₂un-tó-s, from *sóh₂wl̥ ~ *sh₂wéns + *-tós. Feminine *sunnǭ (“sun”) perhaps constructed in an opposing gender pair with masculine *mēnô (“moon”), akin to Latin cognate sōl m (“sun”) and lūna f (“moon”).


ēbanþāną

ēbanþō (active first-person indicative singular)
ēbanþaisi (active indicative second-person singular)
ēbanþai (active imperative second-person singular)
ēbanþāsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
ēbanþaiþi (active indicative singular third-person)
ēbanþāþau (active imperative singular third-person)
ēbanþāþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
ēbanþōs (active dual first-person indicative)
ēbanþāþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
ēbanþāþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
ēbanþāmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
ēbanþānþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
ēbanþaiþ (active indicative plural second-person)
ēbanþaiþ (active imperative plural second-person)
ēbanþānþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
ēbanþānþi (active indicative plural third-person)
ēbanþānþau (active imperative plural third-person)
ēbanþānþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
ēbanþadǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
ēbanþadēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
ēbanþadēz (active indicative second-person singular)
ēbanþadēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
ēbanþadē (active indicative singular third-person)
ēbanþadēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
ēbanþadēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
ēbanþadēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
ēbanþadēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
ēbanþadēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
ēbanþadēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
ēbanþadēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
ēbanþadēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
ēbanþadēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
ēbanþadēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
ēbanþadēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
ēbanþāndz (active participle present)
ēbanþadaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *ābanþēn
Old English: ǣfnian, ǣfenian
Old Dutch: *avondon
Middle Dutch: *avonden
Dutch: avonden (possibly a new formation)
Old High German: abandēn
Middle High German: abenden
German: abenden

Old Norse: aptna

Icelandic: aftna

Faroese: aftna, eftna

Swedish: aftnas

Old Danish: aftnes

/ˈɛː.βɑn.θɑː.nɑ̃/


frakwistijaną

frakwistijō (active first-person indicative singular)
frakwistijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
frakwistijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
frakwistīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
frakwistijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
frakwistī (active imperative second-person singular)
frakwistijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
frakwistijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
frakwistīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
frakwistijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
frakwistijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
frakwistijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
frakwistijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
frakwistijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
frakwistijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
frakwistijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
frakwistijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
frakwistijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
frakwistijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
frakwistijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
frakwistijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
frakwistijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
frakwistīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
frakwistijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
frakwistīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
frakwistijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
frakwistijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
frakwistijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
frakwistijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
frakwistijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
frakwistijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
frakwistijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
frakwistidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
frakwistidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
frakwistidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
frakwistidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
frakwistidē (active indicative singular third-person)
frakwistidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
frakwistidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
frakwistidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
frakwistidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
frakwistidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
frakwistidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
frakwistidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
frakwistidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
frakwistidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
frakwistidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
frakwistidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
frakwistijandz (active participle present)
frakwistidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *frakwistijan
Old Saxon: *farquistian
Middle Low German: vorquisten
Old Dutch: *farquisten
Middle Dutch: verquisten
Dutch: verkwisten
Afrikaans: verkwis
Old High German: firquisten
Middle High German: verquesten
German: verquisten (obsolete)

Gothic: 𐍆𐍂𐌰𐌵𐌹𐍃𐍄𐌾𐌰𐌽 (fraqistjan)


dungōną

dungō (active first-person indicative singular)
dungǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
dungōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
dungōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
dungōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
dungō (active imperative second-person singular)
dungōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
dungōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
dungōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
dungō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
dungōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
dungōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
dungōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
dungōs (active dual first-person indicative)
dungōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
dungōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
dungōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
dungōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
dungōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
dungōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
dungōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
dungōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
dungōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
dungōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
dungōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
dungōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
dungōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
dungōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
dungōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
dungōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
dungōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
dungōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
dungōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
dungōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
dungōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
dungōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
dungōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
dungōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
dungōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
dungōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
dungōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
dungōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
dungōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
dungōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
dungōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
dungōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
dungōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
dungōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
dungōndz (active participle present)
dungōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *dungōn

Old English: *dungian

Middle English: dungen, dongen

English: dung

Scots: dong

Old Frisian: *dungia

West Frisian: dongje

Old Saxon: *dungōn

Middle Low German: dungen

Old Dutch: *dungon

Middle Dutch: dongen

Dutch: dongen

Old High German: *tungōn

Middle High German: tungen

Old Norse: *dunga

Faroese: dunga

Swedish: dunga

From Proto-Indo-European *dʰengʰ- (“to cover, hide, conceal”).


tīraz

tīraz (nominative singular)
tīrōz (nominative plural)
tīrōs (nominative plural)
tīr (singular vocative)
tīrōz (plural vocative)
tīrōs (plural vocative)
tīrą (accusative singular)
tīranz (accusative plural)
tīras (genitive singular)
tīris (genitive singular)
tīrǫ̂ (genitive plural)
tīrai (dative singular)
tīramaz (dative plural)
tīrō (instrumental singular)
tīramiz (instrumental plural)

Old English: tīr

Old Saxon: tīr

desctree

Old Norse: tírr
Icelandic: tír
Norwegian Nynorsk: tir


talgijaną

talgijō (active first-person indicative singular)
talgijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
talgijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
talgīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
talgijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
talgī (active imperative second-person singular)
talgijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
talgijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
talgīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
talgijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
talgijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
talgijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
talgijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
talgijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
talgijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
talgijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
talgijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
talgijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
talgijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
talgijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
talgijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
talgijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
talgīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
talgijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
talgīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
talgijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
talgijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
talgijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
talgijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
talgijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
talgijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
talgijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
talgidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
talgidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
talgidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
talgidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
talgidē (active indicative singular third-person)
talgidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
talgidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
talgidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
talgidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
talgidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
talgidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
talgidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
talgidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
talgidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
talgidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
talgidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
talgijandz (active participle present)
talgidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-Norse: ᛏᚨᛚᚷᛁᛞᚨᛁ (talgidai) (third-person singular past indicative)

Old Norse: telgja
Icelandic: telgja
Norwegian Nynorsk: telgja; (dialectal) tægje
Norwegian Bokmål: telgje
Old Swedish: tælghia
Swedish: tälja

Causative, probably derived from *telguz (“branch, twig”), from Proto-Indo-European *delh₁gʰ-. See Proto-Indo-European *dl̥h₁gʰós (“long”).


þangilaz

þangilaz (nominative singular)
þangilōz (nominative plural)
þangilōs (nominative plural)
þangil (singular vocative)
þangilōz (plural vocative)
þangilōs (plural vocative)
þangilą (accusative singular)
þangilanz (accusative plural)
þangilas (genitive singular)
þangilis (genitive singular)
þangilǫ̂ (genitive plural)
þangilai (dative singular)
þangilamaz (dative plural)
þangilō (instrumental singular)
þangilamiz (instrumental plural)

Proto-West Germanic: *þangil
Old English: þenġel

Old Norse: þengill
Icelandic: þengill
Old Danish: thengil
Old Swedish: thængil, thængel

According to Orel, from *þinhaną (“to thrive”) + *-ilaz; compare *þingą.


fēgijaną

fēgijō (active first-person indicative singular)
fēgijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
fēgijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
fēgīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
fēgijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
fēgī (active imperative second-person singular)
fēgijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
fēgijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
fēgīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
fēgijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
fēgijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
fēgijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
fēgijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
fēgijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
fēgijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
fēgijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
fēgijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
fēgijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
fēgijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
fēgijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
fēgijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
fēgijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
fēgīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
fēgijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
fēgīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
fēgijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
fēgijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
fēgijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
fēgijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
fēgijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
fēgijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
fēgijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
fēgidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
fēgidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
fēgidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
fēgidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
fēgidē (active indicative singular third-person)
fēgidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
fēgidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
fēgidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
fēgidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
fēgidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
fēgidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
fēgidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
fēgidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
fēgidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
fēgidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
fēgidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
fēgijandz (active participle present)
fēgidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Old Norse: fægja

Icelandic: fægja

Old Swedish: fæghia

gl

usually derived from Middle Low German <i class="Latn mention" lang="gml">fēgen</i> (“to sweep, clean, polish”)

>? Swedish: feja (usually derived from Middle Low German fēgen (“to sweep, clean, polish”))

→ Middle English: feȝen, feyen

English: fay (dialectal)

Scots: fey

Uncertain, either from:
* Proto-Indo-European *peh₂ḱ- (“secure, attach, strengthen”), for a similar semantic development see Lithuanian puõsti (“to decorate, make pretty”).
* Or from Proto-Indo-European *peḱ- (“joyful, pretty”), closely related to the strong verb *fehaną (“to rejoice, be glad”).


bugiz

bugiz (nominative singular)
bugīz (nominative plural)
bugi (singular vocative)
bugīz (plural vocative)
bugį (accusative singular)
buginz (accusative plural)
bugīz (genitive singular)
bugjǫ̂ (genitive plural)
bugī (dative singular)
bugimaz (dative plural)
bugī (instrumental singular)
bugimiz (instrumental plural)

Proto-West Germanic: *bugī

Old English: byġe

Old Norse: bugr

Icelandic: bugur

Faroese: bugur

From Proto-Indo-European *bʰewgʰ- (“to curve, bend”).


hajaz

hajaz (nominative singular)
hajizō (nominative plural)
hajaz (singular vocative)
hajizō (plural vocative)
hajaz (accusative singular)
hajizō (accusative plural)
hajiziz (genitive singular)
hajizǫ̂ (genitive plural)
hajizi (dative singular)
hajizumaz (dative plural)
hajizē (instrumental singular)
hajizumiz (instrumental plural)

Proto-West Germanic: *haij (“heat”)

Old Dutch: *hei

Middle Dutch: hei

⇒ Dutch: heiig

Old High German: hei

⇒ Old High German: gehei

Alemannic German: gehei

Gothic: 𐌷𐌰𐌹𐍃 (hais, “torch”)

From Proto-Indo-European *kéHy-os, from *keHy- (“to be hot”).


gahaitą

gahaitą (nominative singular)
gahaitō (nominative plural)
gahaitą (singular vocative)
gahaitō (plural vocative)
gahaitą (accusative singular)
gahaitō (accusative plural)
gahaitas (genitive singular)
gahaitis (genitive singular)
gahaitǫ̂ (genitive plural)
gahaitai (dative singular)
gahaitamaz (dative plural)
gahaitō (instrumental singular)
gahaitamiz (instrumental plural)

Proto-West Germanic: *gahait

Old English: ġehāt

Middle English: hat, hot, hote

Old Saxon: *gihēt

(Middle Low German: gehête, geheite)

(German Low German: Geheet)

Old Dutch: giheit, gihēt m

Middle Dutch: geheet n

Dutch: geheet n (obsolete)

Old High German: giheiz m

Middle High German: geheiz m

(German: Geheiß n < MHG geheize n)

desctree

>? Old Norse: heit
Icelandic: heit
Faroese: heit

Gothic: 𐌲𐌰𐌷𐌰𐌹𐍄 (gahait)


flōōną

flōō (active first-person indicative singular)
flōǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
flōōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
flōōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
flōōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
flōō (active imperative second-person singular)
flōōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
flōōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
flōōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
flōō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
flōōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
flōōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
flōōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
flōōs (active dual first-person indicative)
flōōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
flōōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
flōōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
flōōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
flōōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
flōōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
flōōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
flōōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
flōōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
flōōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
flōōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
flōōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
flōōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
flōōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
flōōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
flōōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
flōōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
flōōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
flōōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
flōōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
flōōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
flōōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
flōōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
flōōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
flōōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
flōōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
flōōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
flōōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
flōōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
flōōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
flōōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
flōōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
flōōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
flōōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
flōōndz (active participle present)
flōōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Old Norse: flóa

Icelandic: flóa

Faroese: fløa, fløva

Norwegian Nynorsk: fløa

flóna

Old Norse: flóna (“to become tepid”); Icelandic

flór

Old Norse: flór (“warm, tepid”); Icelandic


kursô

gem-decl-noun-table

*kursô (an-stem)

kursô (nominative singular)
kursaniz (nominative plural)
kursô (singular vocative)
kursaniz (plural vocative)
kursanų (accusative singular)
kursanunz (accusative plural)
kursiniz (genitive singular)
kursanǫ̂ (genitive plural)
kursini (dative singular)
kursammaz (dative plural)
kursinē (instrumental singular)
kursammiz (instrumental plural)

Proto-Norse: *kursō, *kussō

Old Norse: kursi, kussi m, kussa f

Icelandic: kussi, kusi m, kussa, kusa f

Faroese: kussi

Norwegian Nynorsk: kusse m, kussa f

Swedish: kossa f

→ Scots: kussi, kossi (Shetlandic)

desc

⇒ Scots: kussak, kussack (Orkney, diminutive)

→ Proto-Samic: *kusë (see there for further descendants)

Thought to be from Proto-Indo-European *gʷh₃u-(w)ŕ̥s-ēn (“bull”), from *gʷoh₃ws (“cow”) + *wérsēn (“male animal”), cognate with Sanskrit गोवृष (govṛṣa, “bull”), Proto-Tocharian *kauwärṣän (“bull”).


understandaną

understandō (active first-person indicative singular)
understandaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
understandai (first-person indicative passive singular)
undirstandizi (active indicative second-person singular)
understandaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
understand (active imperative second-person singular)
understandazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
understandaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
undirstandidi (active indicative singular third-person)
understandai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
understandadau (active imperative singular third-person)
understandadai (indicative passive singular third-person)
understandaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
understandōz (active dual first-person indicative)
understandaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
understandadiz (active dual indicative second-person)
understandaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
understandadiz (active dual imperative second-person)
understandamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
understandaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
understandandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
understandaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
undirstandid (active indicative plural second-person)
understandaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
undirstandid (active imperative plural second-person)
understandandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
understandaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
understandandi (active indicative plural third-person)
understandain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
understandandau (active imperative plural third-person)
understandandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
understandaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
understōþ (active first-person indicative singular)
understōdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
understōst (active indicative second-person singular)
understōdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
understōþ (active indicative singular third-person)
understōdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
understōdū (active dual first-person indicative)
understōdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
understōdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
understōdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
understōdum (active first-person indicative plural)
understōdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
understōdud (active indicative plural second-person)
understōdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
understōdun (active indicative plural third-person)
understōdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
understandandz (active participle present)
understadanaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *undarstandan

desctree

Old English: understandan
Middle English: understanden, understonden
English: understand
Scots: understand, onderstand
Yola: understhoane

Old Frisian: understanda, understonda

Saterland Frisian: unnerstounde

Old Saxon: *undarstandan

Middle Low German: understanden

Old High German: untarstantan

Middle High German: understanden

Old Norse: undirstanda

Icelandic: undirstanda

Faroese: undirstanda


regnagaz

regnagaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
regnagai (masculine nominative plural strong)
regnagō (feminine nominative singular strong)
regnagôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
regnagą (neuter nominative singular strong)
-at (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
regnagō (neuter nominative plural strong)
regnaganǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
regnaganz (accusative masculine plural strong)
regnagǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
regnagōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
regnagą (accusative neuter singular strong)
-at (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
regnagō (accusative neuter plural strong)
regnagas (genitive masculine singular strong)
regnagis (genitive masculine singular strong)
regnagaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
regnagaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
regnagaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
regnagas (genitive neuter singular strong)
regnagis (genitive neuter singular strong)
regnagaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
regnagammai (dative masculine singular strong)
regnagaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
regnagaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
regnagaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
regnagammai (dative neuter singular strong)
regnagaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
regnaganō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
regnagaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
regnagaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
regnagaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
regnaganō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
regnagaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
regnagô (masculine nominative singular weak)
regnaganiz (masculine nominative plural weak)
regnagǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
regnagōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
regnagô (neuter nominative singular weak)
regnagōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
regnaganų (accusative masculine singular weak)
regnaganunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
regnagōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
regnagōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
regnagô (accusative neuter singular weak)
regnagōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
regnaginiz (genitive masculine singular weak)
regnaganǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
regnagōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
regnagōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
regnaginiz (genitive neuter singular weak)
regnaganǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
regnagini (dative masculine singular weak)
regnagammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
regnagōni (dative feminine singular weak)
regnagōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
regnagini (dative neuter singular weak)
regnagammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
regnaginē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
regnagammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
regnagōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
regnagōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
regnaginē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
regnagammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

Proto-West Germanic: *regnag, *rignīg

Old English: reġniġ, rēniġ
Middle English: reyny, rayne, raynee, rayny, reiny, reyni
English: rainy
Scots: rainy

Old Frisian: *reinich

Saterland Frisian: rienig

West Frisian: reinich

Old Saxon: *reganag, *reginig

Middle Low German: rēgnich

Old Dutch: *reganag, *reganig

Middle Dutch: regenich, reinich

Dutch: regenig

Afrikaans: reënig

Old High German: *reganag, *reginig

Middle High German: regenic, reinic

German: regnig

Old Norse: *regnugr, *regnigr

Old Danish: regnig

Old Swedish: reghenogher, ræghenogher

Swedish: regnig


missaz

*missaz (a-stem)

missaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
missai (masculine nominative plural strong)
missō (feminine nominative singular strong)
missôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
missą (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
missō (neuter nominative plural strong)
missanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
missanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
missǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
missōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
missą (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
missō (accusative neuter plural strong)
missas (genitive masculine singular strong)
-is (genitive masculine singular strong)
missaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
missaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
missaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
missas (genitive neuter singular strong)
-is (genitive neuter singular strong)
missaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
missammai (dative masculine singular strong)
missaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
missaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
missaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
missammai (dative neuter singular strong)
missaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
missanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
missaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
missaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
missaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
missanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
missaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
missô (masculine nominative singular weak)
missaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
missǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
missōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
missô (neuter nominative singular weak)
missōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
missanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
missanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
missōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
missōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
missô (accusative neuter singular weak)
missōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
missiniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
missanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
missōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
missōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
missiniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
missanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
missini (dative masculine singular weak)
missammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
missōni (dative feminine singular weak)
missōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
missini (dative neuter singular weak)
missammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
missinē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
missammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
missōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
missōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
missinē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
missammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

Proto-West Germanic: *miss(ī)

Old Dutch: *mis

Middle Dutch: mis, mes (“wrong”)

Dutch: mis (“missed, off target”)

Afrikaans: mis

Old High German: missi (“different”)

Middle High German: mis

German: mis (dialectal)

Old Norse: miss (“wrong”)

⇒? Old Norse: ýmiss (“various”) (with unclear ý-)

Gothic: *𐌼𐌹𐍃𐍃 (*miss)

desc

⇒ Gothic: 𐌼𐌹𐍃𐍃𐍉 (missō, “each other, reciprocally”)

From Proto-Indo-European *mitH-tó-s, from Proto-Indo-European *meytH- (“to change, exchange”). Equivalent to *mīþaną (“to avoid, evade”) + *-þaz.


Amalarīks

Amalarīks (nominative singular)
Amalarīk (singular vocative)
Amalarīkų (accusative singular)
Amalarīkiz (genitive singular)
Amalarīki (dative singular)
Amalarīkē (instrumental singular)

German: Emmerich

English: Amery

→ Italian: Amerigo

From *amalaz (“vigor; bravery”) + *rīks (“king”).


Gumasinþaz

Gumasinþaz (nominative singular)
Gumasinþ (singular vocative)
Gumasinþą (accusative singular)
Gumasinþai (dative singular)
Gumasinþō (instrumental singular)

Latin: Gumesindus

Galician: Gomesende

Spanish: Gumersindo

From *gumô (“man”) + *sinþaz (“journey, path, companion”).


galanaz

desctree

Old Norse: galinn
Old Danish: galæn
Danish: gal
Norwegian Bokmål: gal
→ Norwegian Nynorsk: gal
Faroese: galin
Icelandic: galinn
Norwegian Nynorsk: galen; (dialectal) gælin, gælen
Old Swedish: galin
Swedish: galen


swinōną

swinō (active first-person indicative singular)
swinǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
swinōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
swinōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
swinōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
swinō (active imperative second-person singular)
swinōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
swinōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
swinōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
swinō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
swinōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
swinōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
swinōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
swinōs (active dual first-person indicative)
swinōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
swinōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
swinōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
swinōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
swinōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
swinōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
swinōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
swinōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
swinōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
swinōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
swinōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
swinōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
swinōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
swinōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
swinōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
swinōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
swinōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
swinōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
swinōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
swinōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
swinōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
swinōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
swinōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
swinōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
swinōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
swinōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
swinōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
swinōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
swinōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
swinōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
swinōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
swinōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
swinōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
swinōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
swinōndz (active participle present)
swinōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *swinōn

Old High German: swinōn

Old Norse: svina, svena

Icelandic: svina, svena

A zero-grade formation to the strong verb *swīnaną.


blōtahūsą

blōtahūsą (nominative singular)
blōtahūsō (nominative plural)
blōtahūsą (singular vocative)
blōtahūsō (plural vocative)
blōtahūsą (accusative singular)
blōtahūsō (accusative plural)
blōtahūsas (genitive singular)
blōtahūsis (genitive singular)
blōtahūsǫ̂ (genitive plural)
blōtahūsai (dative singular)
blōtahūsamaz (dative plural)
blōtahūsō (instrumental singular)
blōtahūsamiz (instrumental plural)

Proto-West Germanic: *blōthūs

Old High German: bluozhūs

Old Norse: blóthús
Icelandic: blóthús
Norwegian Bokmål: blothus
Swedish: blothus

From *blōtą (“act of worship, sacrifice”) + *hūsą (“house”).


hitjǭ

hitjǭ (nominative singular)
hitjōniz (nominative plural)
hitjǭ (singular vocative)
hitjōniz (plural vocative)
hitjōnų (accusative singular)
hitjōnunz (accusative plural)
hitjōniz (genitive singular)
hitjōnǫ̂ (genitive plural)
hitjōni (dative singular)
hitjōmaz (dative plural)
hitjōnē (instrumental singular)
hitjōmiz (instrumental plural)

Proto-West Germanic: *hittjā

Old Frisian: hete

Old Saxon: hittia

Old Dutch: *hitta

Middle Dutch: hitte

desctree

Dutch: hitte
Afrikaans: hitte
Negerhollands: hitte, hit, heet

Old High German: hizzea, hizza

Middle High German: hitze

Cimbrian: hitze, hitz (Luserna)

German: Hitze (see there for further descendants)

Luxembourgish: Hëtz

⇒ Luxembourgish: Hëtzt

Old Norse: hita
Icelandic: hita
Norwegian: hete

Gothic: 𐌷𐌴𐌹𐍄𐍉 (heitō)

From Proto-Indo-European *kéHid-ih₂ ~ *kHid-yéh₂-s, ultimately from *keHy- (“to heat; to become hot”).


fartōną

fartō (active first-person indicative singular)
fartǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
fartōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
fartōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
fartōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
fartō (active imperative second-person singular)
fartōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
fartōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
fartōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
fartō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
fartōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
fartōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
fartōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
fartōs (active dual first-person indicative)
fartōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
fartōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
fartōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
fartōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
fartōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
fartōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
fartōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
fartōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
fartōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
fartōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
fartōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
fartōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
fartōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
fartōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
fartōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
fartōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
fartōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
fartōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
fartōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
fartōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
fartōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
fartōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
fartōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
fartōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
fartōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
fartōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
fartōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
fartōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
fartōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
fartōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
fartōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
fartōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
fartōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
fartōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
fartōndz (active participle present)
fartōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *fartōn

Old English: *feartian

Middle English: farten

English: fart

Old High German: *farzōn

Middle High German: varzen

German: farzen

Yiddish: פֿאַרצן (fartsn)

Old Norse: frata (compare ragr < argr)

Icelandic: frata

Faroese: frata

Elfdalian: fråtå

/ˈɸɑr.tɔː.nɑ̃/

An o-grade iterative verb to the strong verb *fertaną.


rahtōną

rahtō (active first-person indicative singular)
rahtǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
rahtōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
rahtōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
rahtōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
rahtō (active imperative second-person singular)
rahtōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
rahtōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
rahtōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
rahtō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
rahtōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
rahtōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
rahtōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
rahtōs (active dual first-person indicative)
rahtōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
rahtōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
rahtōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
rahtōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
rahtōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
rahtōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
rahtōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
rahtōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
rahtōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
rahtōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
rahtōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
rahtōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
rahtōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
rahtōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
rahtōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
rahtōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
rahtōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
rahtōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
rahtōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
rahtōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
rahtōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
rahtōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
rahtōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
rahtōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
rahtōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
rahtōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
rahtōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
rahtōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
rahtōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
rahtōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
rahtōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
rahtōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
rahtōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
rahtōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
rahtōndz (active participle present)
rahtōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *rahtōn

Old English: reahtian

Old High German: *rahtōn

Middle High German: rahten

Gothic: 𐍂𐌰𐌷𐍄𐍉𐌽 (rahtōn)

Likely derived from an unattested adjective *rahtaz + *-ōną, seemingly an o-grade variant of *rehtaz (“straight”).


bredą

bredą (nominative singular)
bredō (nominative plural)
bredą (singular vocative)
bredō (plural vocative)
bredą (accusative singular)
bredō (accusative plural)
bredas (genitive singular)
bridis (genitive singular)
bredǫ̂ (genitive plural)
bredai (dative singular)
bredamaz (dative plural)
bredō (instrumental singular)
bredamiz (instrumental plural)

Proto-West Germanic: *bred

Old English: bred

Middle English: bred, brede

desc

English: (dialectal) bred, bread, braid, brade, brad

Scots: bred, braid, brad

Old Frisian: *bred

Saterland Frisian: Brääd

West Frisian: bret

Old Saxon: bred

Middle Low German: bred, bret

German Low German: Bredd, Brett

Old Dutch: *bred

Middle Dutch: bret, bert, bart, bort

Dutch: bred, berd

Old High German: bret

Middle High German: bret

German: Brett

Vilamovian: braot

Yiddish: ברעט (bret)


Gaizaharduz

Gaizaharduz (nominative singular)
Gaizahardu (singular vocative)
Gaizahardų (accusative singular)
Gaizahardauz (genitive singular)
Gaizahardū (instrumental singular)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *Gaiʀahard
Old English: Gārheard
Old Dutch: *Gērhart (attested in placenames)
Middle Dutch: Gherart, Gerart
Dutch: Gerard, Geert, Gert
Old High German: Gērhart
German: Gerhard
→ Hungarian: Gellért
→ Old Norse: Geirarðr
→ Old French: Gerart
French: Gérard
→ English: Gerard
→ Irish: Gearóid
→ Latin: Gerardus
Catalan: Gerard
Italian: Gerardo, Gherardo
Spanish: Gerardo

Old Norse:

Icelandic: Geirharður

From *gaizaz (“spear, pike, javelin”) + *harduz (“hard, brave”).


frijahalsōną

frijahalsō (active first-person indicative singular)
frijahalsǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
frijahalsōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
frijahalsōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
frijahalsōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
frijahalsō (active imperative second-person singular)
frijahalsōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
frijahalsōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
frijahalsōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
frijahalsō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
frijahalsōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
frijahalsōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
frijahalsōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
frijahalsōs (active dual first-person indicative)
frijahalsōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
frijahalsōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
frijahalsōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
frijahalsōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
frijahalsōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
frijahalsōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
frijahalsōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
frijahalsōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
frijahalsōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
frijahalsōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
frijahalsōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
frijahalsōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
frijahalsōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
frijahalsōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
frijahalsōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
frijahalsōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
frijahalsōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
frijahalsōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
frijahalsōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
frijahalsōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
frijahalsōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
frijahalsōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
frijahalsōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
frijahalsōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
frijahalsōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
frijahalsōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
frijahalsōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
frijahalsōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
frijahalsōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
frijahalsōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
frijahalsōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
frijahalsōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
frijahalsōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
frijahalsōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
frijahalsōndz (active participle present)
frijahalsōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *frijahalsōn

Old English: frēolsian

Old Norse: frjálsa, frelsa

Icelandic: frelsa

Faroese: frelsa

Norwegian:

Norwegian Bokmål: frelse

Norwegian Nynorsk: frelse, frelsa

Swedish: frälsa

Danish: frelse

From *frijahalsaz (“freedom”) + *-ōną or *frijahalsaz (“free”) + *-ōną.


Anulô

Anulô (nominative singular)
Anulô (singular vocative)

Old English: Onela

Old High German: Anilo

Proto-Norse: ᚨᚾᚢᛚᚨ (anula /Anulā/) [290–310 AD]

Old Norse: Áli

Icelandic: Áli

*anô (“ancestor, forefather”) + *-ulô (“diminutive suffix”), thus meaning “little ancestor”.


Badwōhildiz

Badwōhildiz (nominative singular)
Badwōhildi (singular vocative)
Badwōhildį (accusative singular)
Badwōhildīz (genitive singular)
Badwōhildī (dative singular)
Badwōhildī (instrumental singular)

Old English: Beaduhild, Beadohild

Old Norse: Bǫðvildr

Icelandic: Böðvildur

From *badwō (“battle, fight”) + *hildiz (“battle, fight”).


gamanōną

gamanō (active first-person indicative singular)
gamanǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
gamanōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
gamanōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
gamanōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
gamanō (active imperative second-person singular)
gamanōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
gamanōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
gamanōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
gamanō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
gamanōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
gamanōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
gamanōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
gamanōs (active dual first-person indicative)
gamanōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
gamanōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
gamanōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
gamanōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
gamanōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
gamanōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
gamanōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
gamanōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
gamanōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
gamanōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
gamanōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
gamanōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
gamanōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
gamanōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
gamanōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
gamanōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
gamanōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
gamanōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
gamanōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
gamanōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
gamanōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
gamanōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
gamanōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
gamanōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
gamanōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
gamanōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
gamanōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
gamanōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
gamanōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
gamanōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
gamanōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
gamanōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
gamanōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
gamanōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
gamanōndz (active participle present)
gamanōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *gamanōn
Old English: gamenian, gæmnian, gamnian
Middle English: gamen, game, gamenen, gamene, gammen, gamme, gomeni, gominen, gomenin, gamine
English: gammon, game
Scots: gamin, gammyn, gamyn, game
Yola: gaame, gaume, gaaume
Old High German: *gamanōn
Middle High German: gamenen

Old Norse: gamna

Icelandic: gamna

/ˈɣɑ.mɑ.nɔː.nɑ̃/

From *gamaną (“fun, amusement, game”) + *-ōną.


garēdaną

garēdō (active first-person indicative singular)
garēdaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
garēdai (first-person indicative passive singular)
garēdizi (active indicative second-person singular)
garēdaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
garēd (active imperative second-person singular)
garēdazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
garēdaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
garēdidi (active indicative singular third-person)
garēdai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
garēdadau (active imperative singular third-person)
garēdadai (indicative passive singular third-person)
garēdaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
garēdōz (active dual first-person indicative)
garēdaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
garēdadiz (active dual indicative second-person)
garēdaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
garēdadiz (active dual imperative second-person)
garēdamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
garēdaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
garēdandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
garēdaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
garēdid (active indicative plural second-person)
garēdaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
garēdid (active imperative plural second-person)
garēdandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
garēdaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
garēdandi (active indicative plural third-person)
garēdain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
garēdandau (active imperative plural third-person)
garēdandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
garēdaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
garerōd (active first-person indicative singular)
garerdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
garerōst (active indicative second-person singular)
garerdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
garerōd (active indicative singular third-person)
garerdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
garerdū (active dual first-person indicative)
garerdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
garerdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
garerdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
garerdum (active first-person indicative plural)
garerdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
garerdud (active indicative plural second-person)
garerdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
garerdun (active indicative plural third-person)
garerdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
garēdandz (active participle present)
garēdanaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *garādan

Old English: ġerǣdan

Middle English: yreden, ireden

Old Saxon: girādan

Middle Low German: gerâden

Old Dutch: *girādan

Middle Dutch: geraden

Dutch: geraden (dialectal)

Old High German: girātan

Middle High German: gerāten

German: geraten

Gothic: 𐌲𐌰𐍂𐌴𐌳𐌰𐌽 (garēdan)


sparwahabukaz

sparwahabukaz (nominative singular)
sparwahabukōz (nominative plural)
sparwahabukōs (nominative plural)
sparwahabuk (singular vocative)
sparwahabukōz (plural vocative)
sparwahabukōs (plural vocative)
sparwahabuką (accusative singular)
sparwahabukanz (accusative plural)
sparwahabukas (genitive singular)
sparwahabukis (genitive singular)
sparwahabukǫ̂ (genitive plural)
sparwahabukai (dative singular)
sparwahabukamaz (dative plural)
sparwahabukō (instrumental singular)
sparwahabukamiz (instrumental plural)

Proto-West Germanic: *sparwahabuk

desctree

Old English: spearhafoc
Middle English: sparhauk, sparehauk, sparrehawk, sparhauke, sparhawke, sperehauke, spere-hawke, sperhauk, sperhauke, sperhawke
English: sparhawk; sparrowhawk
Scots: sparhalk, sparhauke, sperhawke, sperhalk
→ Scottish Gaelic: speireag

Old Norse: sparrhaukr, sparhaukr

Icelandic: sparhaukur, spörhaukur

Norwegian: spurvehauk

Swedish: sparvhök

Danish: spurvehøg


wrungǭ

wrungǭ (nominative singular)
wrungōniz (nominative plural)
wrungǭ (singular vocative)
wrungōniz (plural vocative)
wrungōnų (accusative singular)
wrungōnunz (accusative plural)
wrungōniz (genitive singular)
wrungōnǫ̂ (genitive plural)
wrungōni (dative singular)
wrungōmaz (dative plural)
wrungōnē (instrumental singular)
wrungōmiz (instrumental plural)

Gothic: 𐍅𐍂𐌿𐌲𐌲𐍉 (wruggō)

A zero-grade derivation from *wringaną (“to wring”) + *-ǭ.
Compare masculine *wrunga-, which gives Dutch wrong (“wreath”).