leuhmô

leuhmô (nominative singular)
leuhmaniz (nominative plural)
leuhmô (singular vocative)
leuhmaniz (plural vocative)
leuhmanų (accusative singular)
leuhmanunz (accusative plural)
liuhminiz (genitive singular)
leuhmanǫ̂ (genitive plural)
liuhmini (dative singular)
leuhmammaz (dative plural)
liuhminē (instrumental singular)
leuhmammiz (instrumental plural)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *leuhmō
Old English: lēoma
Middle English: leme, leem, lem, leom, lewme, lume, lym, lyme, leame, leome, lome (Early Middle English)
English: leam
Scots: leim, leme
Old Saxon: liomo

Old Norse: ljómi

Icelandic: ljómi

Faroese: ljómi

→ Middle Irish: láem

Irish: laom

Scottish Gaelic: laom

⇒ Old Norse: ljóma

Icelandic: ljóma

Faroese: ljóma

From Proto-Indo-European *léwk-mn̥ ~ *luk-mén-s, from *lewk- (“bright”) + *-mn̥.


kuningadōmaz

kuningadōmaz (nominative singular)
kuningadōmōz (nominative plural)
kuningadōmōs (nominative plural)
kuningadōm (singular vocative)
kuningadōmōz (plural vocative)
kuningadōmōs (plural vocative)
kuningadōmą (accusative singular)
kuningadōmanz (accusative plural)
kuningadōmas (genitive singular)
kuningadōmis (genitive singular)
kuningadōmǫ̂ (genitive plural)
kuningadōmai (dative singular)
kuningadōmamaz (dative plural)
kuningadōmō (instrumental singular)
kuningadōmamiz (instrumental plural)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *kuningadōm
Old English: cyningdōm
Middle English: kyngdom, kingdom
Scots: kingdom
English: kingdom
Old Frisian: *keningdōm, *kiningdōm
West Frisian: keuningdom
Old Saxon: kuningdōm
Old Dutch: *kuningduom
Middle Dutch: koninghdom
Dutch: koningdom
Old High German: kuningtuom
Middle High German: künictuom
German: Königtum

Old Norse: konungdómr

Icelandic: konungdómur

Norwegian: kongedømme, kongedøme

Swedish: kungadöme, konungadöme

Danish: kongedømme

Faroese: kongadømi, kongsdømi

Norn: konungdum


laskaz

*laskaz (a-stem)

laskaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
laskai (masculine nominative plural strong)
laskō (feminine nominative singular strong)
laskôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
laską (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
laskō (neuter nominative plural strong)
laskanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
laskanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
laskǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
laskōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
laską (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
laskō (accusative neuter plural strong)
laskas (genitive masculine singular strong)
-is (genitive masculine singular strong)
laskaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
laskaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
laskaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
laskas (genitive neuter singular strong)
-is (genitive neuter singular strong)
laskaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
laskammai (dative masculine singular strong)
laskaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
laskaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
laskaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
laskammai (dative neuter singular strong)
laskaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
laskanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
laskaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
laskaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
laskaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
laskanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
laskaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
laskô (masculine nominative singular weak)
laskaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
laskǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
laskōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
laskô (neuter nominative singular weak)
laskōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
laskanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
laskanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
laskōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
laskōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
laskô (accusative neuter singular weak)
laskōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
laskiniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
laskanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
laskōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
laskōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
laskiniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
laskanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
laskini (dative masculine singular weak)
laskammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
laskōni (dative feminine singular weak)
laskōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
laskini (dative neuter singular weak)
laskammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
laskinē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
laskammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
laskōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
laskōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
laskinē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
laskammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

Old English: *lysċ, *lesċ

Middle English: lusch

English: lush

Old Saxon: lask

Middle Low German: lasch, las

Low German: lusch

Old Dutch: *lask

Middle Dutch: lasch

Old Norse: lǫskr

→ Middle English: *lusk

English: lusk

Compare also Latin laxus (“loose, slack, yielding”).


murnaną

murnō (active first-person indicative singular)
murnaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
murnōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
murnais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
murnō (active imperative second-person singular)
murnōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
murnai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
murnōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
murnōs (active dual first-person indicative)
murnaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
murnaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
murnaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
murnaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
murnamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
murnaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
murnaþ (active indicative plural second-person)
murnaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
murnaþ (active imperative plural second-person)
murnanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
murnain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
murnanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
murnōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
murnōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
murnōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
murnōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
murnōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
murnōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
murnōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
murnōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
murnōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
murnōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
murnōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
murnōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
murnōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
murnōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
murnōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
murnōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
murnandz (active participle present)

Proto-West Germanic: *murnan

Old English: murnan

Middle English: mournen, mornen, murnen

Scots: murne, murn

English: mourn

Old Saxon: mornan; (murnian, mornian); (mornōn)

Middle Low German: vormornen

→ Old French: morner

Middle French: *morner; amorner, amornir

French: morné

(Old High German: mornēn < Proto-Germanic *murnāną)

Old Norse: morna

Icelandic: morna

Gothic: 𐌼𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌽𐌰𐌽 (maurnan)

From Proto-Indo-European *(s)mer- (“to think; remember”).


lamaz

*lamaz (a-stem)

lamaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
lamai (masculine nominative plural strong)
lamō (feminine nominative singular strong)
lamôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
lamą (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
lamō (neuter nominative plural strong)
lamanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
lamanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
lamǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
lamōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
lamą (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
lamō (accusative neuter plural strong)
lamas (genitive masculine singular strong)
-is (genitive masculine singular strong)
lamaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
lamaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
lamaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
lamas (genitive neuter singular strong)
-is (genitive neuter singular strong)
lamaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
lamammai (dative masculine singular strong)
lamaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
lamaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
lamaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
lamammai (dative neuter singular strong)
lamaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
lamanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
lamaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
lamaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
lamaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
lamanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
lamaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
lamô (masculine nominative singular weak)
lamaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
lamǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
lamōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
lamô (neuter nominative singular weak)
lamōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
lamanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
lamanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
lamōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
lamōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
lamô (accusative neuter singular weak)
lamōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
laminiz (genitive masculine singular weak)
lamanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
lamōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
lamōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
laminiz (genitive neuter singular weak)
lamanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
lamini (dative masculine singular weak)
lamammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
lamōni (dative feminine singular weak)
lamōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
lamini (dative neuter singular weak)
lamammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
laminē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
lamammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
lamōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
lamōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
laminē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
lamammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

Proto-West Germanic: *lam

desctree

⇒ Old English: lama
Middle English: lame
Geordie English: lyem
Scots: lame
English: lame

Old Frisian: lom, lem, lam

North Frisian: lom, laam

Saterland Frisian: lom

West Frisian: lam

Old Saxon: lam

Middle Low German: lam, lām, laem

German Low German: lahm

Old Dutch: *lam

Middle Dutch: lam

Dutch: lam

Afrikaans: lam

Limburgish: laam

Old High German: lam
Middle High German: lam
Alemannic German: lamm
German: lahm
Hunsrik: laam

⇒ Old Norse: lami

Icelandic: lami

Norwegian: lam

Old Swedish: lamber

Swedish: lam

Danish: lam

Ostrobothnian: lämin

→ Proto-Finnic: *lama (see there for further descendants)

From Proto-Indo-European *h₃lemH- (“weak, broken, soft”).


hrefaz

hrefaz (nominative singular)
hrifizō (nominative plural)
hrefaz (singular vocative)
hrifizō (plural vocative)
hrefaz (accusative singular)
hrifizō (accusative plural)
hrifiziz (genitive singular)
hrifizǫ̂ (genitive plural)
hrifizi (dative singular)
hrifizumaz (dative plural)
hrifizē (instrumental singular)
hrifizumiz (instrumental plural)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *hrif
Old English: hrif
Middle English: *rif
English: riff
Old Frisian: hrif, href
⇒ Old Frisian: inhrif, inhref
Old Saxon: *hrif
Middle Low German: rif, ref
German Low German: Riff
Old Dutch: ref
Middle Dutch: *rif
Dutch: rif
Old High German: href

From Proto-Indo-European *krép-os ~ *krép-es-os, from *krep-. Cognate with Proto-Italic *korpos (“body”).


skandaz

skandaz (nominative singular)
skandōz (nominative plural)
skandōs (nominative plural)
skand (singular vocative)
skandōz (plural vocative)
skandōs (plural vocative)
skandą (accusative singular)
skandanz (accusative plural)
skandas (genitive singular)
skandis (genitive singular)
skandǫ̂ (genitive plural)
skandai (dative singular)
skandamaz (dative plural)
skandō (instrumental singular)
skandamiz (instrumental plural)

Old English: sċand

Middle English: sconde, shond


kwēmiz

kwēmiz (masculine nominative singular strong)
kwēmijai (masculine nominative plural strong)
kwēmī (feminine nominative singular strong)
kwēmijôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
kwēmį (neuter nominative singular strong)
-jatō (neuter nominative singular strong)
kwēmijō (neuter nominative plural strong)
kwēmijanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
kwēmijanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
kwēmijǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
kwēmijōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
kwēmį (accusative neuter singular strong)
-jatō (accusative neuter singular strong)
kwēmijō (accusative neuter plural strong)
kwēmijas (genitive masculine singular strong)
kwēmīs (genitive masculine singular strong)
kwēmijaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
kwēmijaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
kwēmijaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
kwēmijas (genitive neuter singular strong)
kwēmīs (genitive neuter singular strong)
kwēmijaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
kwēmijammai (dative masculine singular strong)
kwēmijaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
kwēmijaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
kwēmijaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
kwēmijammai (dative neuter singular strong)
kwēmijaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
kwēmijanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
kwēmijaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
kwēmijaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
kwēmijaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
kwēmijanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
kwēmijaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
kwēmijô (masculine nominative singular weak)
kwēmijaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
kwēmijǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
kwēmijōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
kwēmijô (neuter nominative singular weak)
kwēmijōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
kwēmijanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
kwēmijanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
kwēmijōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
kwēmijōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
kwēmijô (accusative neuter singular weak)
kwēmijōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
kwēmīniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
kwēmijanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
kwēmijōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
kwēmijōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
kwēmīniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
kwēmijanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
kwēmīni (dative masculine singular weak)
kwēmijammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
kwēmijōni (dative feminine singular weak)
kwēmijōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
kwēmīni (dative neuter singular weak)
kwēmijammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
kwēmīnē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
kwēmijammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
kwēmijōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
kwēmijōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
kwēmīnē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
kwēmijammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

Proto-West Germanic: *kwāmī

desctree

⇒ Proto-West Germanic: *bikwāmī
Old Saxon: *biquāmi
Middle Low German: bequeme, bequame
Low German: bequeem
→ Swedish: bekväm
Old Dutch: *biquāmi
Middle Dutch: bequame
Dutch: bekwaam
Old High German: biquāmi
Middle High German: bequäme
German: bequem
⇒ Old High German: unbiquāmi

Old Norse: kvæmr

Icelandic: kvæmur

Old Swedish: qvæmber

Vṛddhi gerundive of *kwemaną (“to come”).


lapilaz

lapilaz (nominative singular)
lapilōz (nominative plural)
lapilōs (nominative plural)
lapil (singular vocative)
lapilōz (plural vocative)
lapilōs (plural vocative)
lapilą (accusative singular)
lapilanz (accusative plural)
lapilas (genitive singular)
lapilis (genitive singular)
lapilǫ̂ (genitive plural)
lapilai (dative singular)
lapilamaz (dative plural)
lapilō (instrumental singular)
lapilamiz (instrumental plural)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *lapil
Old Frisian: lepel, leppel
Saterland Frisian: Lääpel
West Frisian: leppel
Old Saxon: lepil
Middle Low German: lēpel, leppel
Low German: Lepel
Plautdietsch: Läpel
→? Norn: lepel
Old Dutch: *lepil
Middle Dutch: lēpel
Dutch: lepel
Afrikaans: lepel
Berbice Creole Dutch: leple
Jersey Dutch: lêpel
Negerhollands: leepel, leppu
Skepi Creole Dutch: lepel
→ Lokono: lepele
Limburgish: laepel
Limburgish: laepel
Old High German: lepfil, leffil
Middle High German: leffel
Alemannic German: Leffel, Läffel, Löffel
Bavarian: Leffl
Cimbrian: löffl
Mòcheno: leffl
Central Franconian: Läffel, Läfel
Hunsrik: Leffel
Luxembourgish: Läffel
German: Löffel
Rhine Franconian: Leffel, Lewwel
Frankfurterisch: [lev̥l̩]
Pennsylvania German: Leffel
Vilamovian: łefuł
Yiddish: לעפֿל (lefl)

From Proto-Indo-European *leb-, *leh₂b- (“to slurp; lick; smack”), equivalent to *lapaną (“to drink; slurp; lap”) + *-ilaz (agent suffix).


skutą

skutą (nominative singular)
skutō (nominative plural)
skutą (singular vocative)
skutō (plural vocative)
skutą (accusative singular)
skutō (accusative plural)
skutas (genitive singular)
skutis (genitive singular)
skutǫ̂ (genitive plural)
skutai (dative singular)
skutamaz (dative plural)
skutō (instrumental singular)
skutamiz (instrumental plural)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *skot
Old English: sċot
Middle English: shot
Scots: schot, schote, schoit
English: shot
Old Frisian: skot
Saterland Frisian: Skoat
West Frisian: skot
Old Saxon: skot
Middle Low German: schot
German Low German: Schott
Old Dutch: *skot
Middle Dutch: schot, scot
Dutch: schot
Afrikaans: skot
Old High German: scoz
Middle High German: schoz
German: Schoss
Yiddish: שאָס (shos)
→ Old French: escoz, escot
Middle French: escot
French: écot

Old Norse: skot

Icelandic: skot

Faroese: skot

Norwegian Nynorsk: skot, skott

→ Norwegian Bokmål: skott

Old Swedish: skut, skot

Swedish: skott

Danish: skud

Norwegian Bokmål: skudd

→ Scots: scot


Agiþewaz

Agiþewaz (nominative singular)
Agiþewai (dative singular)

Proto-West Germanic: *Agiþeu

Old English: Eċġþēow, Eċġþēo, Eċġþīow

Old High German: Egidio, Egideo

Old Norse: Eggþér

From *agjō (“edge”) + *þewaz (“servant”).


aidą

aidą (nominative singular)
aidō (nominative plural)
aidą (singular vocative)
aidō (plural vocative)
aidą (accusative singular)
aidō (accusative plural)
aidas (genitive singular)
aidis (genitive singular)
aidǫ̂ (genitive plural)
aidai (dative singular)
aidamaz (dative plural)
aidō (instrumental singular)
aidamiz (instrumental plural)


Gunþilaibaz

Gunþilaibaz (nominative singular)
Gunþilaib (singular vocative)
Gunþilaibą (accusative singular)
Gunþilaibai (dative singular)
Gunþilaibō (instrumental singular)

Proto-West Germanic: *Gunþilaib

Old English: Gūþlāf

Old High German: Gundleip

Old Norse: Gunnleifr

Icelandic: Gunnleifur (reintroduced)

Faroese: Gunnleivur

From *gunþiz (“battle”) + *laibō (“remnant”).


Harjamōdaz

Harjamōdaz (nominative singular)
Harjamōd (singular vocative)
Harjamōdą (accusative singular)
Harjamōdai (dative singular)
Harjamōdō (instrumental singular)

Old English: Heremōd

Old High German: Herimuot

Old Norse: Hermóðr

Icelandic: Hermóður

Faroese: Hermóður

From *harjaz (“army”) + *mōdaz (“mind, courage, anger”).


Ansulaibaz

Ansulaibaz (nominative singular)
Ansulaib (singular vocative)
Ansulaibą (accusative singular)
Ansulaibai (dative singular)
Ansulaibō (instrumental singular)

Proto-West Germanic: *Ansulaib

Old English: Ōslāf

Old Saxon: Ōslēf

Old High German: Ansleib

Proto-Norse: *ᚨᛊᚢᛚᚨᛁᛒᚨᛉ (*asulaibaʀ)

Old Norse: Ásleifr

Icelandic: Ásleifur

Faroese: Ásleivur

From *ansuz (“deity”) + *laibō (“remnant”).


Frōdô

Frōdô (nominative singular)
Frōdô (singular vocative)

Proto-West Germanic: *Frōdō

Old English: Frōda

→ English: Frodo

Old Saxon: Frodo

desctree

Old Norse: Fróði
Icelandic: Fróði
Faroese: Fróði
Norwegian: Frode
Danish: Frode
→ Latin: Frodo
→ English: Frodo

/ˈɸrɔː.ðɔːː/

From the masculine definite of *frōdaz (“wise”), literally "the wise."


Albiharjaz

Albiharjaz (nominative singular)
Albiharją (accusative singular)
Albiharjai (dative singular)
Albiharjō (instrumental singular)

Proto-West Germanic: *Albihari

Old English: Ælfhere

Old Saxon: Alfheri

Old Norse: Alfarr

Icelandic: Álfar

Norwegian: Alvar

Swedish: Alvar

→? Latin: Alvarus

Spanish: Álvaro

From *albiz (“elf”) + *harjaz (“warrior”).


speldą

speldą (nominative singular)
speldō (nominative plural)
speldą (singular vocative)
speldō (plural vocative)
speldą (accusative singular)
speldō (accusative plural)
speldas (genitive singular)
spildis (genitive singular)
speldǫ̂ (genitive plural)
speldai (dative singular)
speldamaz (dative plural)
speldō (instrumental singular)
speldamiz (instrumental plural)

Old English: speld; spelt m

desc

Middle English: speld, spelt, spielde, spelde

English: speld, spell

Old Norse: speld, spjald

Icelandic: speld, spjald

Old Danish: spjæld

→ Icelandic: spæll

From Proto-Indo-European *(s)pel- (“to split”).

der

a split or broken piece of wood; splinter; board


muljaną

muljō (active first-person indicative singular)
muljaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
muljai (first-person indicative passive singular)
mulisi (active indicative second-person singular)
muljais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
muli (active imperative second-person singular)
muljasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
muljaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
muliþi (active indicative singular third-person)
muljai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
muljaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
muljaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
muljaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
muljōs (active dual first-person indicative)
muljaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
muljaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
muljaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
muljaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
muljamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
muljaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
muljanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
muljainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
muliþ (active indicative plural second-person)
muljaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
muliþ (active imperative plural second-person)
muljanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
muljainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
muljanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
muljain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
muljanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
muljanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
muljainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
mulidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
mulidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
mulidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
mulidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
mulidē (active indicative singular third-person)
mulidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
mulidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
mulidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
mulidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
mulidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
mulidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
mulidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
mulidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
mulidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
mulidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
mulidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
muljandz (active participle present)
mulidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *mulljan
Old High German: mullen
Middle High German: müllen
German: mühlen

Old Norse: mylja

Icelandic: mylja

Zero-grade ye-present, pre-Germanic *ml̥h₂ye-, from the root of *malaną (“to grind”).


spaluz

spaluz (nominative singular)
spaliwiz (nominative plural)
spalu (singular vocative)
spaliwiz (plural vocative)
spalų (accusative singular)
spalunz (accusative plural)
spalauz (genitive singular)
spaliwǫ̂ (genitive plural)
spaliwi (dative singular)
spalumaz (dative plural)
spalū (instrumental singular)
spalumiz (instrumental plural)

Old English: *spalu

Middle English: spale

Scots: spale, spail

English: spale

Old High German: *spal

Middle High German: spale

German: Spale (dialectal)

Old Norse: spǫlr (acc. spǫlu)

Icelandic: spölur

Swedish: spalu (dialectal)


switjaną

switjō (active first-person indicative singular)
switjaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
switjai (first-person indicative passive singular)
switisi (active indicative second-person singular)
switjais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
switi (active imperative second-person singular)
switjasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
switjaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
switiþi (active indicative singular third-person)
switjai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
switjaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
switjaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
switjaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
switjōs (active dual first-person indicative)
switjaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
switjaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
switjaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
switjaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
switjamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
switjaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
switjanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
switjainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
switiþ (active indicative plural second-person)
switjaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
switiþ (active imperative plural second-person)
switjanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
switjainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
switjanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
switjain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
switjanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
switjanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
switjainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
switidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
switidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
switidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
switidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
switidē (active indicative singular third-person)
switidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
switidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
switidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
switidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
switidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
switidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
switidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
switidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
switidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
switidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
switidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
switjandz (active participle present)
switidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *swittjan
Old Frisian: *switta
West Frisian: switte
Old High German: swizzen
Middle High German: switzen
German: schwitzen
Yiddish: שוויצן (shvitsn)

Zero-grade ye-present, pre-Germanic *swidye/o-, derived from the root of *swait-.


flutjaną

flutjō (active first-person indicative singular)
flutjaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
flutjai (first-person indicative passive singular)
flutisi (active indicative second-person singular)
flutjais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
fluti (active imperative second-person singular)
flutjasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
flutjaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
flutiþi (active indicative singular third-person)
flutjai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
flutjaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
flutjaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
flutjaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
flutjōs (active dual first-person indicative)
flutjaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
flutjaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
flutjaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
flutjaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
flutjamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
flutjaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
flutjanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
flutjainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
flutiþ (active indicative plural second-person)
flutjaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
flutiþ (active imperative plural second-person)
flutjanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
flutjainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
flutjanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
flutjain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
flutjanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
flutjanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
flutjainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
flutidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
flutidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
flutidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
flutidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
flutidē (active indicative singular third-person)
flutidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
flutidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
flutidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
flutidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
flutidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
flutidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
flutidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
flutidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
flutidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
flutidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
flutidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
flutjandz (active participle present)
flutidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Old Norse: flytja

Icelandic: flytja

Faroese: flytja, flyta

Norwegian: flytja, flytte

Old Swedish: flytia

Swedish: flytta

Danish: flytte

→ Middle English: flytten, flitten

English: flit

Scots: flit

Zero-grade ye-present from the root of *fleutaną.


wīhijaną

wīhijō (active first-person indicative singular)
wīhijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
wīhijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
wīhīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
wīhijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
wīhī (active imperative second-person singular)
wīhijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
wīhijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
wīhīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
wīhijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
wīhijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
wīhijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
wīhijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
wīhijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
wīhijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
wīhijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
wīhijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
wīhijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
wīhijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
wīhijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
wīhijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
wīhijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
wīhīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
wīhijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
wīhīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
wīhijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
wīhijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
wīhijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
wīhijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
wīhijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
wīhijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
wīhijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
wīhidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
wīhidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
wīhidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
wīhidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
wīhidē (active indicative singular third-person)
wīhidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
wīhidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
wīhidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
wīhidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
wīhidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
wīhidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
wīhidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
wīhidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
wīhidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
wīhidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
wīhidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
wīhijandz (active participle present)
wīhidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *wīhijan
⇒ Old English: fulwian, fulliġan, fullian, fullwian, fulguġe, fulguia — Northumbrian (< *fullawīhijan)
Middle English: fullen, folewen, follen, folowen, fully, fulwen, vollen, vullen, fulhen, vulȝen (Early Middle English)
English: full (obsolete)
Old Frisian: wīa
Saterland Frisian: wäie
West Frisian: wije
Old Saxon: wīhian
Middle Low German: wîen, wigen
Low German: wiehen
Old Dutch: wīen
Middle Dutch: wiën
Dutch: wijden
Limburgish: wieje
Old High German: wīhen
Cimbrian: baigan
German: weihen
Luxembourgish: weien

Old Norse: vígja

Icelandic: vígja

Old Swedish: vīghia, vīgha

Swedish: viga

→ Finnish: vihkiä

Danish: vie


wurkiją

wurkiją (nominative singular)
wurkijō (nominative plural)
wurkiją (singular vocative)
wurkijō (plural vocative)
wurkiją (accusative singular)
wurkijō (accusative plural)
wurkijas (genitive singular)
wurkīs (genitive singular)
wurkijǫ̂ (genitive plural)
wurkijai (dative singular)
wurkijamaz (dative plural)
wurkijō (instrumental singular)
wurkijamiz (instrumental plural)

Proto-West Germanic: *wurkī

Old High German: *wurki

⇒ Old High German: āwurki

Middle High German: āwurke, āwürke

Old Norse: yrki
Faroese: yrki
Norwegian:
Norwegian Bokmål: yrke
Norwegian Nynorsk: yrke
Swedish: yrke


Gunþiwulfaz

Gunþiwulfaz (nominative singular)
Gunþiwulf (singular vocative)
Gunþiwulfą (accusative singular)
Gunþiwulfai (dative singular)
Gunþiwulfō (instrumental singular)

Old Norse: Gunnólfr

Icelandic: Gunnólfur

Faroese: Gunnolvur, Gunnálvur

Lombardic: *Gundulf?

→ Latin: Gondulphus, Gundulfus

Italian: Gundolfo, Gandolfo, Gandolfi (surname)

Suevic or Gothic:

→ Latin: Gundulfus

desc

Galician: Gondulfe, Gondulfes, Vilargondurfe (place names)

From *gunþiz (“battle”) + *wulfaz (“wolf”).


Kunjamunduz

Kunjamunduz (nominative singular)
Kunjamundu (singular vocative)
Kunjamundų (accusative singular)
Kunjamundauz (genitive singular)
Kunjamundū (instrumental singular)

Proto-West Germanic: *Kunimundu

Old English: Cynemund

Old High German: Chunimunt

Proto-Norse: ᚲᚢᚾᛁᛗᚢᛞᛁᚢ (kunimudiu /Kunimundiu/) (dative)

Old Norse: ᚴᚢᚿᛙᚢᚿᛐᛆᛧ (kunmuntaʀ) (plural)

→ Latin: Cunimundus (from an East-Germanic language)

From *kunją (“kin, family”) + *mundō (“protection”).


stribāną

stribō (active first-person indicative singular)
stribaisi (active indicative second-person singular)
stribai (active imperative second-person singular)
stribāsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
stribaiþi (active indicative singular third-person)
stribāþau (active imperative singular third-person)
stribāþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
stribōs (active dual first-person indicative)
stribāþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
stribāþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
stribāmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
stribānþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
stribaiþ (active indicative plural second-person)
stribaiþ (active imperative plural second-person)
stribānþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
stribānþi (active indicative plural third-person)
stribānþau (active imperative plural third-person)
stribānþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
stribadǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
stribadēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
stribadēz (active indicative second-person singular)
stribadēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
stribadē (active indicative singular third-person)
stribadēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
stribadēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
stribadēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
stribadēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
stribadēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
stribadēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
stribadēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
stribadēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
stribadēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
stribadēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
stribadēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
stribāndz (active participle present)
stribadaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *stribēn (see there for further descendants)

From Proto-Indo-European *(s)ter(h₁)- (“to be stiff; be rigid; exert”).


galmaz

galmaz (nominative singular)
galmōz (nominative plural)
galmōs (nominative plural)
galm (singular vocative)
galmōz (plural vocative)
galmōs (plural vocative)
galmą (accusative singular)
galmanz (accusative plural)
galmas (genitive singular)
galmis (genitive singular)
galmǫ̂ (genitive plural)
galmai (dative singular)
galmamaz (dative plural)
galmō (instrumental singular)
galmamiz (instrumental plural)

Old Saxon: galm

Middle Low German: galm

Dutch Low Saxon: galm, naogalm

German Low German: Galm

Old Dutch: *galm

Middle Dutch: galm

Dutch: galm

Old High German: galm

Old Norse: *gallmr

From the same ultimate source as *gellaną (“to yell, shout”)


līstǭ

līstǭ (nominative singular)
līstōniz (nominative plural)
līstǭ (singular vocative)
līstōniz (plural vocative)
līstōnų (accusative singular)
līstōnunz (accusative plural)
līstōniz (genitive singular)
līstōnǫ̂ (genitive plural)
līstōni (dative singular)
līstōmaz (dative plural)
līstōnē (instrumental singular)
līstōmiz (instrumental plural)

Proto-West Germanic: *līstā

Old English: līste

Middle English: liste, lyste; list (through confluence with Old French form)

Scots: liste, lyst, list

English: list

→ Irish: liosta

Old Frisian: *līste, *lēste

Saterland Frisian: Lieste; Läiste

West Frisian: list

Old Saxon: *līsta

Middle Low German: lîste

Dutch Low Saxon: lieste, liest

German Low German: Liest

→ Old Norse: lísta

Icelandic: lista; listi

Faroese: listi

Norwegian: liste

Swedish: lista; list

Danish: liste; list

Frankish: *līsta

Old Dutch: *līsta

Middle Dutch: lijste, lijst

Dutch: lijst (“frame”)

→ Vulgar Latin: *lista (also possibly from Langobardic)

Old French: liste

Middle French: liste

French: liste

Italian: lista

→ Dutch: lijst (“list”) (likely in part through French)

→ German: Liste

→ Luxembourgish: Lëscht

Spanish: lista

Portuguese: lista

Galician: lista

Old High German: līsta

Middle High German: līste

German: Leiste

Hunsrik: Leist

Luxembourgish: Läischt

From Proto-Indo-European *leyzd- (“edge; seam; band”), from Proto-Indo-European *leys- (“track; groove; furrow”) (see also *laistaz); or perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *leytstā-, related to Latin lītus (“shore; coast”).


aigô

aigô (nominative singular)
aiganiz (nominative plural)
aigô (singular vocative)
aiganiz (plural vocative)
aiganų (accusative singular)
aiganunz (accusative plural)
aiginiz (genitive singular)
aiganǫ̂ (genitive plural)
aigini (dative singular)
aigammaz (dative plural)
aiginē (instrumental singular)
aigammiz (instrumental plural)

Old English: āga

Old High German: *eigo, wīneigo

Old Norse: eigi

one who owns or possesses; owner, possessor


leustaną

leustō (active first-person indicative singular)
leustaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
leustai (first-person indicative passive singular)
liustizi (active indicative second-person singular)
leustaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
leust (active imperative second-person singular)
leustazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
leustaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
liustidi (active indicative singular third-person)
leustai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
leustadau (active imperative singular third-person)
leustadai (indicative passive singular third-person)
leustaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
leustōz (active dual first-person indicative)
leustaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
leustadiz (active dual indicative second-person)
leustaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
leustadiz (active dual imperative second-person)
leustamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
leustaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
leustandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
leustaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
liustid (active indicative plural second-person)
leustaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
liustid (active imperative plural second-person)
leustandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
leustaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
leustandi (active indicative plural third-person)
leustain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
leustandau (active imperative plural third-person)
leustandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
leustaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
laust (active first-person indicative singular)
lustį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
laust (active indicative second-person singular)
lustīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
laust (active indicative singular third-person)
lustī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
lustū (active dual first-person indicative)
lustīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
lustudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
lustīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
lustum (active first-person indicative plural)
lustīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
lustud (active indicative plural second-person)
lustīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
lustun (active indicative plural third-person)
lustīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
leustandz (active participle present)
lustanaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Old Norse: ljósta
Icelandic: ljósta
⇒ Norwegian Bokmål: lystre
⇒ Norwegian Nynorsk: ljostra
⇒ Swedish: ljustra

Probably derived from the Proto-Indo-European *lew-s- (“loose, loosen”) in *lausaz, *fraleusaną, with the original connotation of knocking something loose.


Uzdawulfaz

Uzdawulfaz (nominative singular)
Uzdawulf (singular vocative)
Uzdawulfą (accusative singular)
Uzdawulfai (dative singular)
Uzdawulfō (instrumental singular)

Old English: Ordwulf

Old Norse: Oddulfr (attested only in East Norse runic inscriptions)

Old Swedish: Oddolf, Uddolf


Albigaizaz

Albigaizaz (nominative singular)
Albigaiz (singular vocative)
Albigaizą (accusative singular)
Albigaizai (dative singular)
Albigaizō (instrumental singular)

Proto-West Germanic: *Albigaiʀ

Old English: Ælfgār

English: Elgar

Old Norse: Álfgeirr

Icelandic: Álfgeir

Faroese: Álvgeir

Norwegian: Alvgeir

Old Danish: Alger (uncertain derivation)

From *albiz (“elf”) + *gaizaz (“spear”).


Uzdagaizaz

Uzdagaizaz (nominative singular)
Uzdagaiz (singular vocative)
Uzdagaizą (accusative singular)
Uzdagaizai (dative singular)
Uzdagaizō (instrumental singular)

Old English: Ordgār

Old Norse: Oddgeirr

Icelandic: Oddgeir

Faroese: Oddgeir

Norwegian: Oddgeir

Old Swedish: Uddger

Old Danish: Oddger

From *uzdaz (“sharp point”) + *gaizaz (“spear”).


Aþalagaizaz

Aþalagaizaz (nominative singular)
Aþalagaiz (singular vocative)
Aþalagaizą (accusative singular)
Aþalagaizai (dative singular)
Aþalagaizō (instrumental singular)

Proto-West Germanic: *Aþalagaiʀ

Old English: Æþelgār

English: Elgar (or from Old English: Ælfgār)

Old High German: Adalgēr

Middle High German: Adelgēr

German: Adelger

Old Norse: Aðalgeirr

Icelandic: Aðalgeir

Faroese: Aðalgeir

/ˈɑ.θɑ.lɑ.ˌɣɑi̯.zɑz/

From *aþalaz (“noble”) + *gaizaz (“spear”).


Andaswaraz

Andaswaraz (nominative singular)
Andaswar (singular vocative)
Andaswarą (accusative singular)
Andaswarai (dative singular)
Andaswarō (instrumental singular)

desc

Old Norse: Ǫzurr, Andsvarr, Ansurr, Azurr

Icelandic: Össur, Özur

Faroese: Øssur, Øksur

Old Norwegian: Ozor, Øzor

Norwegian: Assar, Asser (lack of u-mutation suggests Danish and Swedish influence)

Old Swedish: Ansvar, Azur

Swedish: Assar

Old Danish: Azur, Aswar

Danish: Adser, Asser

Gothic or Suevic:

→ Late Latin: Ansuarius

Galician: Ansoar, Ansar

Meaning “one who answers”, based on *andaswarō and related terms.


aldrą

aldrą (nominative singular)
aldrō (nominative plural)
aldrą (singular vocative)
aldrō (plural vocative)
aldrą (accusative singular)
aldrō (accusative plural)
aldras (genitive singular)
aldris (genitive singular)
aldrǫ̂ (genitive plural)
aldrai (dative singular)
aldramaz (dative plural)
aldrō (instrumental singular)
aldramiz (instrumental plural)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *aldr
Old English: ealdor, aldor, ealder
Middle English: alder
⇒ Old English: ealdorman
Middle English: alderman, aldermon
English: alderman
Old Frisian: alder
Saterland Frisian: Oaler
Old Saxon: aldar
Middle Low German: alder, older, ōlder
German Low German: Oller
Old Dutch: alder
Middle Dutch: ouder
Dutch: ouder
Old High German: altar
Middle High German: alter
Alemannic German: Altar
Bavarian: Ålter, Oiter
German: Alter
→ Luxembourgish: Alter
Yiddish: אַלטער (alter)

Old Norse: aldr m
Icelandic: aldur
Faroese: aldur
Norwegian Bokmål: alder
Norwegian Nynorsk: alder
Old Swedish: alder
Swedish: ålder
Danish: alder

⇒ Gothic: 𐍆𐍂𐌰𐌼𐌰𐌻𐌳𐍂𐍃 (framaldrs)

From Proto-Indo-European *h₂el- (“to grow, nourish”).


leuhsą

leuhsą (nominative singular)
leuhsō (nominative plural)
leuhsą (singular vocative)
leuhsō (plural vocative)
leuhsą (accusative singular)
leuhsō (accusative plural)
leuhsas (genitive singular)
liuhsis (genitive singular)
leuhsǫ̂ (genitive plural)
leuhsai (dative singular)
leuhsamaz (dative plural)
leuhsō (instrumental singular)
leuhsamiz (instrumental plural)

desctree

Old Norse: ljós
Icelandic: ljós
Faroese: ljós
Norwegian Nynorsk: ljos; (dialectal) ljøs, ljus, ljys, løs
Jamtish: ljǿs
Elfdalian: liuos
Old Swedish: liūs
Swedish: ljus
Old Danish: liūs
Danish: lys
Norwegian Bokmål: lys
→ Norwegian Nynorsk: lys
Scanian: lýs
Gutnish: ljaus

From Proto-Indo-European *lewk-so-m, ultimately from the root *lewk-.


wurhtaz

From Proto-Indo-European *wr̥ǵtós. Equivalent to *wurkijaną (“to work, to do work”) + *-þaz.


wurhtaz

*wurhtaz (a-stem)

wurhtaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
wurhtai (masculine nominative plural strong)
wurhtō (feminine nominative singular strong)
wurhtôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
wurhtą (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
wurhtō (neuter nominative plural strong)
wurhtanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
wurhtanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
wurhtǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
wurhtōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
wurhtą (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
wurhtō (accusative neuter plural strong)
wurhtas (genitive masculine singular strong)
-is (genitive masculine singular strong)
wurhtaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
wurhtaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
wurhtaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
wurhtas (genitive neuter singular strong)
-is (genitive neuter singular strong)
wurhtaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
wurhtammai (dative masculine singular strong)
wurhtaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
wurhtaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
wurhtaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
wurhtammai (dative neuter singular strong)
wurhtaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
wurhtanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
wurhtaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
wurhtaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
wurhtaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
wurhtanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
wurhtaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
wurhtô (masculine nominative singular weak)
wurhtaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
wurhtǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
wurhtōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
wurhtô (neuter nominative singular weak)
wurhtōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
wurhtanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
wurhtanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
wurhtōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
wurhtōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
wurhtô (accusative neuter singular weak)
wurhtōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
wurhtiniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
wurhtanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
wurhtōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
wurhtōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
wurhtiniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
wurhtanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
wurhtini (dative masculine singular weak)
wurhtammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
wurhtōni (dative feminine singular weak)
wurhtōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
wurhtini (dative neuter singular weak)
wurhtammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
wurhtinē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
wurhtammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
wurhtōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
wurhtōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
wurhtinē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
wurhtammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)


warnōną

warnō (active first-person indicative singular)
warnǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
warnōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
warnōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
warnōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
warnō (active imperative second-person singular)
warnōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
warnōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
warnōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
warnō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
warnōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
warnōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
warnōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
warnōs (active dual first-person indicative)
warnōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
warnōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
warnōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
warnōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
warnōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
warnōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
warnōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
warnōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
warnōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
warnōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
warnōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
warnōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
warnōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
warnōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
warnōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
warnōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
warnōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
warnōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
warnōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
warnōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
warnōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
warnōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
warnōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
warnōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
warnōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
warnōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
warnōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
warnōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
warnōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
warnōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
warnōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
warnōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
warnōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
warnōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
warnōndz (active participle present)
warnōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *warnōn
Old English: warnian, wearnian
Middle English: warnien, warnen
Scots: wairn
English: warn
Old Frisian: wernia, warna
Old Saxon: *warnōn
Middle Low German: warnen
German Low German: warnen
Old Dutch: *warnon
Middle Dutch: wāernen
Dutch: waarnen (obsolete)
Limburgish: warne
Old High German: warnōn
Middle High German: warnen
German: warnen

Old Norse: varna

Old Swedish: varna

Swedish: varna

From Proto-Indo-European *wer- (“to become aware; take heed”). Equivalent to *warnō (“warning”) + *-ōną.


swerbaną

swerbō (active first-person indicative singular)
swerbaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
swerbai (first-person indicative passive singular)
swirbizi (active indicative second-person singular)
swerbaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
swerb (active imperative second-person singular)
swerbazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
swerbaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
swirbidi (active indicative singular third-person)
swerbai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
swerbadau (active imperative singular third-person)
swerbadai (indicative passive singular third-person)
swerbaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
swerbōz (active dual first-person indicative)
swerbaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
swerbadiz (active dual indicative second-person)
swerbaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
swerbadiz (active dual imperative second-person)
swerbamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
swerbaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
swerbandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
swerbaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
swirbid (active indicative plural second-person)
swerbaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
swirbid (active imperative plural second-person)
swerbandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
swerbaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
swerbandi (active indicative plural third-person)
swerbain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
swerbandau (active imperative plural third-person)
swerbandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
swerbaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
swarb (active first-person indicative singular)
swurbį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
swarft (active indicative second-person singular)
swurbīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
swarb (active indicative singular third-person)
swurbī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
swurbū (active dual first-person indicative)
swurbīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
swurbudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
swurbīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
swurbum (active first-person indicative plural)
swurbīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
swurbud (active indicative plural second-person)
swurbīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
swurbun (active indicative plural third-person)
swurbīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
swerbandz (active participle present)
swurbanaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Old English: sweorfan
Middle English: swerven, swarven
English: swerve, swarve
Scots: swerfe, swarfe, swerve, swarve

Old Frisian: swerva

West Frisian: swerve

Old Saxon: swerban, swervan

Middle Low German: swerven

Low German: swarven

Old Dutch: *swervan

Middle Dutch: swerven

Dutch: zwerven

Dutch: swerf, swerwe

Old High German: swerban

Middle High German: swerben

desc

⇒ Middle High German: swirbelen, swirbeln

German: schwirbeln

Old Norse: sverfa

Icelandic: sverfa

Norwegian Nynorsk: sverva

Swedish: svärva (dialectal)

i

Gothic: *𐍃𐍅𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌱𐌰𐌽 (*swairban) (in combinations: 𐌰𐍆𐍃𐍅𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌱𐌰𐌽 (afswairban), 𐌱𐌹𐍃𐍅𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌱𐌰𐌽 (biswairban))

From Proto-Indo-European *swerbʰ- (“to turn; wipe; sweep”).


wurhtiz

wurhtiz (nominative singular)
wurhtīz (nominative plural)
wurhti (singular vocative)
wurhtīz (plural vocative)
wurhtį (accusative singular)
wurhtinz (accusative plural)
wurhtīz (genitive singular)
wurhtijǫ̂ (genitive plural)
wurhtī (dative singular)
wurhtimaz (dative plural)
wurhtī (instrumental singular)
wurhtimiz (instrumental plural)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *wurhti
Old English: wyrht;
Middle English: wrihte, wrihhte
Old Saxon: wurht
Old High German: wurht, wuruht
Middle High German: wurht

Old Norse: *urt

⇒ Old Norse: forurtir f pl

Gothic: 𐍅𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌷𐍄𐍃 (waurhts)

From *wurhtaz, from Proto-Indo-European *wr̥ǵtós, from *werǵ-.


sigizōną

sigizō (active first-person indicative singular)
sigizǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
sigizōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
sigizōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
sigizōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
sigizō (active imperative second-person singular)
sigizōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
sigizōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
sigizōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
sigizō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
sigizōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
sigizōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
sigizōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
sigizōs (active dual first-person indicative)
sigizōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
sigizōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
sigizōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
sigizōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
sigizōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
sigizōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
sigizōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
sigizōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
sigizōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
sigizōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
sigizōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
sigizōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
sigizōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
sigizōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
sigizōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
sigizōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
sigizōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
sigizōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
sigizōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
sigizōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
sigizōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
sigizōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
sigizōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
sigizōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
sigizōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
sigizōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
sigizōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
sigizōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
sigizōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
sigizōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
sigizōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
sigizōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
sigizōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
sigizōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
sigizōndz (active participle present)
sigizōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *sigiʀōn, *sigʀōn

desc

Old English: sigorian, siġerian, sigrian

Old High German: sigirōn

⇒ Old High German: ubarsigirōn

Old Norse: sigra

Icelandic: sigra

Faroese: sigra

Norwegian: seire

Old Swedish: sighra

Swedish: segra

Danish: sejre

to win; gain; conquer; triumph; overcome


siglijaną

siglijō (active first-person indicative singular)
siglijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
siglijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
siglīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
siglijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
siglī (active imperative second-person singular)
siglijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
siglijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
siglīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
siglijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
siglijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
siglijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
siglijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
siglijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
siglijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
siglijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
siglijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
siglijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
siglijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
siglijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
siglijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
siglijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
siglīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
siglijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
siglīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
siglijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
siglijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
siglijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
siglijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
siglijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
siglijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
siglijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
siglidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
siglidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
siglidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
siglidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
siglidē (active indicative singular third-person)
siglidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
siglidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
siglidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
siglidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
siglidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
siglidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
siglidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
siglidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
siglidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
siglidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
siglidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
siglijandz (active participle present)
siglidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *siglijan
Old English: siġlan, seġlan
Middle English: seylen, saylen (merged with descendant of seġlian)
English: sail
Scots: sail
Old Frisian: sīla
West Frisian: sile
Old Saxon: *siglian, *sigalian
Middle Low German: segelen, sēgelen, seggelen (merged with descendant of *seglōn)
German Low German: seilen
Plautdietsch: säajlen
Old High German: *sigalen, *sigilen
Middle High German: sigelen, sigeln

Old Norse: sigla

Icelandic: sigla

Faroese: sigla

Norn: sallja

Nynorsk: segle

Ostrobothnian: sigel

Dalecarlian: sigel

Elfdalian: sigel

Old Swedish: sighla
Swedish: segla
→ Finnish: seilata

Old Danish:

Scanian: seğla

Danish: sejle

Norwegian Bokmål: seile

Gutnish: sigle, sjägle, sigla, sjegla

→ Old French: sigler, seigler, singler
Middle French: singler
French: cingler
→ Old Galician-Portuguese: singrar
Galician: singrar
Portuguese: singrar
→ Old Spanish:
Spanish: singlar

Skipą siglīþi.

Skipārijōz skipą siglijanþi.


hlaiwą

hlaiwą (nominative singular)
hlaiwō (nominative plural)
hlaiwą (singular vocative)
hlaiwō (plural vocative)
hlaiwą (accusative singular)
hlaiwō (accusative plural)
hlaiwas (genitive singular)
hlaiwis (genitive singular)
hlaiwǫ̂ (genitive plural)
hlaiwai (dative singular)
hlaiwamaz (dative plural)
hlaiwō (instrumental singular)
hlaiwamiz (instrumental plural)

Proto-West Germanic: *hlaiw m
Old English: hlēow, hlēo
Old Frisian: hlī
Old Saxon: hlēo
Old High German: hlēo, lēo
→ Proto-Slavic: *xlěvъ (see there for further descendants)

Proto-Norse: ᚺᛚᚨᛁᚹᚨ (hlaiwa)

Gothic: 𐌷𐌻𐌰𐌹𐍅 (hlaiw)

→ Proto-Slavic: *xlě̃vъ (see there for further descendants)

From Proto-Indo-European *ḱloy-wo-m, from *ḱley- (“to lean; slope”).


keluz

keluz (nominative singular)
kiliwiz (nominative plural)
kelu (singular vocative)
kiliwiz (plural vocative)
kelų (accusative singular)
kelunz (accusative plural)
kelauz (genitive singular)
kiliwǫ̂ (genitive plural)
kiliwi (dative singular)
kelumaz (dative plural)
kelū (instrumental singular)
kelumiz (instrumental plural)

Old Norse: kjǫlr

Icelandic: kjölur

Faroese: kjølur

Norwegian: kjøl

Old Swedish: kiol, kiøl

Swedish: köl

→ Finnish: köli

Old Danish: kiøl

Danish: køl

Elfdalian: tjyöl

Gutnish: käl, köl

→ Middle English: kele

Scots: kele, keill

English: keel

→ Middle Dutch: kiel

Dutch: kiel

Afrikaans: kiel

→ Middle Low German: kēl, kil, kiel

German Low German: Kiel

→ German: Kiel

→ Czech: kýl

→ Russian: киль (kilʹ)

→ Slovak: kýl

→ Middle French: quille

French: quille

→ Portuguese: quilha

→ Proto-Samic: *kielës (see there for further descendants)

Of uncertain origin. Perhaps related to *kelǭ (“throat”). Kluge compares Ancient Greek γαυλός (gaulós, "merchant vessel," originally "milk pail"), which itself has been connected to *keulaz (“ship”).

unk

uncertain

cog

Coordinate term: *skaggiją

Friedrich Kluge
John Francis Davis
Nicoline van der Sijs


sparwaz

sparwaz (nominative singular)
sparwōz (nominative plural)
sparwōs (nominative plural)
sparw (singular vocative)
sparwōz (plural vocative)
sparwōs (plural vocative)
sparwą (accusative singular)
sparwanz (accusative plural)
sparwas (genitive singular)
sparwis (genitive singular)
sparwǫ̂ (genitive plural)
sparwai (dative singular)
sparwamaz (dative plural)
sparwō (instrumental singular)
sparwamiz (instrumental plural)

Old Norse: spǫrr

Icelandic: spör

Faroese: spurvur

Norwegian:

Norwegian Bokmål: spurv

Norwegian Nynorsk: sporv

Old Swedish: sparver, spørver

Swedish: sparv

→ Elfdalian: sparv

Old Danish: sparw, sporw, spøruæ

Danish: spurv, spurre, sparre

Gutnish: sparr, spur

Scanian: spørr

Inherited from Proto-Indo-European *spḗr (“sparrow, bird”).

inh+

Old English: spearhafocMiddle English: sparhauk

sparwarī

Proto-Germanic: *sparwarjaz; Proto-West Germanic


digulaz

digulaz (nominative singular)
digulōz (nominative plural)
digulōs (nominative plural)
digul (singular vocative)
digulōz (plural vocative)
digulōs (plural vocative)
digulą (accusative singular)
digulanz (accusative plural)
digulas (genitive singular)
digulis (genitive singular)
digulǫ̂ (genitive plural)
digulai (dative singular)
digulamaz (dative plural)
digulō (instrumental singular)
digulamiz (instrumental plural)

Old Saxon: *digul, *digal

Middle Low German: degel

Old Dutch: *digul, *digal

Middle Dutch: degel

Dutch: degel

Old High German: *tigul, tegal, tegel

Middle High German: tigel, tegel

German: Tiegel

→ Polish: tygiel

→ Russian: ти́гель (tígelʹ)

Luxembourgish: Digel

Old Norse: digull (possibly a loan from Low German)

Icelandic: deigla

Norwegian: digel

Swedish: degel

Danish: digel

Uncertain. Compare Latin tegula (“roof-tile; brick”). Alternatively, perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *dʰeyǵʰ- (“to form, shape”).


þuldiz

þuldiz (nominative singular)
þuldīz (nominative plural)
þuldi (singular vocative)
þuldīz (plural vocative)
þuldį (accusative singular)
þuldinz (accusative plural)
þuldīz (genitive singular)
þuldijǫ̂ (genitive plural)
þuldī (dative singular)
þuldimaz (dative plural)
þuldī (instrumental singular)
þuldimiz (instrumental plural)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *þuldi
Old English: þyld
Middle English: þild, thild
Old Saxon: thuld
Middle Low German: dult
Old High German: dult
Middle High German: dult
German: Dult

Gothic: *𐌸𐌿𐌻𐌳𐍃 (*þulds) (possibly in personal names)

From Proto-Indo-European *télh₂-ti-s ~ *tl̥h₂-téy-s, abstract substantive of *telh₂- (“to bear; endure”).

inh

the ability to bear; endurance; patience


tawwą

tawwą (nominative singular)
tawwō (nominative plural)
tawwą (singular vocative)
tawwō (plural vocative)
tawwą (accusative singular)
tawwō (accusative plural)
tawwas (genitive singular)
tawwis (genitive singular)
tawwǫ̂ (genitive plural)
tawwai (dative singular)
tawwamaz (dative plural)
tawwō (instrumental singular)
tawwamiz (instrumental plural)

Old English: *tawa (in webtawa); *tawe; ġetawe; *tōw

Middle English: touw

Scots: touw, tow

English: tow

desc

Old Frisian: tāuwe, tāuw, towe, tau, tou

Saterland Frisian: Tau

West Frisian: tou

Old Saxon: *tō, tou

Middle Low German: touw

→ German: Tau

German Low German: Tau

Old Dutch: *tou

Middle Dutch: touwe

desctree

Dutch: touw
Afrikaans: tou
Berbice Creole Dutch: tau
Jersey Dutch: tāu
Negerhollands: toouw, tou, tau
Skepi Creole Dutch: tau
→ Lokono: tau
→? Sranan Tongo: t'tei
→ Lokono: tetei
→ Aukan: tetei
→ Caribbean Hindustani: tatai
→ Warao: táu, táü, tao

West Flemish: towwe

Old High German: zouwa; gizawa

Middle High German: gezawe, gezouwe

Old Norse: tó

Icelandic: tó

Faroese: tó

Norwegian: to

Old Swedish: tō

Swedish: to (archaic)

Possibly from Proto-Indo-European *dewh₂- (“to tie to; secure”). Kroonen (2013) prefers to derive it from *deh₁-.


leukaną

leukō (active first-person indicative singular)
leukaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
leukai (first-person indicative passive singular)
liukizi (active indicative second-person singular)
leukaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
leuk (active imperative second-person singular)
leukazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
leukaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
liukidi (active indicative singular third-person)
leukai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
leukadau (active imperative singular third-person)
leukadai (indicative passive singular third-person)
leukaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
leukōz (active dual first-person indicative)
leukaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
leukadiz (active dual indicative second-person)
leukaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
leukadiz (active dual imperative second-person)
leukamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
leukaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
leukandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
leukaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
liukid (active indicative plural second-person)
leukaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
liukid (active imperative plural second-person)
leukandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
leukaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
leukandi (active indicative plural third-person)
leukain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
leukandau (active imperative plural third-person)
leukandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
leukaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
lauk (active first-person indicative singular)
lukį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
lauht (active indicative second-person singular)
lukīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
lauk (active indicative singular third-person)
lukī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
lukū (active dual first-person indicative)
lukīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
lukudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
lukīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
lukum (active first-person indicative plural)
lukīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
lukud (active indicative plural second-person)
lukīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
lukun (active indicative plural third-person)
lukīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
leukandz (active participle present)
lukanaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *leukan
Old English: lūcan
Middle English: louken
English: louk, look (“to weed”) (dialectal)
Old Frisian: lūka
West Frisian: lûke
Old Saxon: *lūkan
Middle Low German: lûken
Low German: luken
⇒ Low German: lucksen
→ German: abluchsen (partially)
Old High German: liohhan
Middle High German: liechen
German: liechen

From Proto-Indo-European *lewǵ- (“to break”), cognate with Sanskrit रुजति (rujáti, “to break open”), Lithuanian lū́žti (“to break”) and Old Armenian լուծանեմ (lucanem, “to break, to loose”).


hehlǭ

hehlǭ (nominative singular)
hehlōniz (nominative plural)
hehlǭ (singular vocative)
hehlōniz (plural vocative)
hehlōnų (accusative singular)
hehlōnunz (accusative plural)
hehlōniz (genitive singular)
hehlōnǫ̂ (genitive plural)
hehlōni (dative singular)
hehlōmaz (dative plural)
hehlōnē (instrumental singular)
hehlōmiz (instrumental plural)

Proto-West Germanic: *hehlā

Old English: heolca

Old Norse: héla

Icelandic: héla

From Proto-Indo-European *ḱé-ḱl(h₁)-eh₂- or *ḱí-ḱel(h₁)-eh₂-, an old reduplicated stem from the root *ḱel(h₁)- (“cold, frozen”). Compare Lithuanian šalnà, šarma (“hoarfrost”), Proto-Slavic *solnà (“hoarfrost”) and especially Sanskrit शिशिर (śíśira, “cool, cold; hoarfrost”) (unless from *ḱey-).


nēhwiz

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *nāhuriʀ(ō)
Old English: nēar, nēarra
Middle English: ner, nere
Scots: nere, neir
English: near
Old Frisian: niār
Saterland Frisian: naier
West Frisian: neier
Old Saxon: nāhōr
Middle Low German: nâr; nârre
(German Low German: nahder)
Old Dutch: *nāor
Middle Dutch: naer; naerre
Dutch: naar
Afrikaans: naar
Old High German: nāhōr
Middle High German: nāher, nāhere, næher, nār
German: näher

Old Norse: nær
Icelandic: nær
Faroese: nær
Norwegian Nynorsk: nær, nærre
Norwegian Bokmål: nær
Elfdalian: nęr
Old Swedish: nær
Swedish: när, nära
Danish: nær

Gothic: 𐌽𐌴𐍈𐌹𐍃 (nēƕis)

comparative degree of *nēhw (“near”): closer, nearer


undurniz

undurniz (nominative singular)
undurnīz (nominative plural)
undurni (singular vocative)
undurnīz (plural vocative)
undurnį (accusative singular)
undurninz (accusative plural)
undurnīz (genitive singular)
undurnijǫ̂ (genitive plural)
undurnī (dative singular)
undurnimaz (dative plural)
undurnī (instrumental singular)
undurnimiz (instrumental plural)

Old English: undern

Middle English: undern, ondern

Scots: undern, undurn, antrum, ontron

English: undern

Old Frisian: undern, unden

North Frisian: unnern, onnern

Old Saxon: undern, undorn

Middle Low German: undern

Old Dutch: *undarn

Middle Dutch: onderen

Dutch: onder

Old High German: untarn, untorn

Middle High German: untern, undern

Old Norse: undurn, undarn, undorn

Icelandic: undorn

Norwegian: undorn

Swedish: undarn

Danish: unden

Gothic: *𐌿𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌽𐍃 (*undaurns) (in 𐌿𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌽𐌹𐌼𐌰𐍄𐍃 (undaurnimats))

From Proto-Indo-European *h₁n̥ter, *h₁enter (“between”).

an intermediate or intervening period; mean time; interim; interval


atalaz

*atalaz (a-stem)

atalaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
atalai (masculine nominative plural strong)
atalō (feminine nominative singular strong)
atalôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
atalą (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
atalō (neuter nominative plural strong)
atalanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
atalanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
atalǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
atalōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
atalą (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
atalō (accusative neuter plural strong)
atalas (genitive masculine singular strong)
-is (genitive masculine singular strong)
atalaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
atalaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
atalaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
atalas (genitive neuter singular strong)
-is (genitive neuter singular strong)
atalaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
atalammai (dative masculine singular strong)
atalaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
atalaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
atalaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
atalammai (dative neuter singular strong)
atalaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
atalanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
atalaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
atalaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
atalaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
atalanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
atalaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
atalô (masculine nominative singular weak)
atalaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
atalǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
atalōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
atalô (neuter nominative singular weak)
atalōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
atalanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
atalanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
atalōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
atalōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
atalô (accusative neuter singular weak)
atalōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
ataliniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
atalanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
atalōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
atalōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
ataliniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
atalanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
atalini (dative masculine singular weak)
atalammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
atalōni (dative feminine singular weak)
atalōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
atalini (dative neuter singular weak)
atalammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
atalinē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
atalammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
atalōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
atalōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
atalinē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
atalammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

Old English: atol
Middle English: ātel

Old Norse: atall, ǫtul

Possibly from Pre-Germanic/Proto-Indo-European *h₃édolos, from the root *h₃ed- (“to hate”); related to *atjaną.


bellaną

bellō (active first-person indicative singular)
bellaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
bellai (first-person indicative passive singular)
billizi (active indicative second-person singular)
bellaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
bell (active imperative second-person singular)
bellazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
bellaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
billidi (active indicative singular third-person)
bellai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
belladau (active imperative singular third-person)
belladai (indicative passive singular third-person)
bellaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
bellōz (active dual first-person indicative)
bellaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
belladiz (active dual indicative second-person)
bellaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
belladiz (active dual imperative second-person)
bellamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
bellaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
bellandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
bellaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
billid (active indicative plural second-person)
bellaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
billid (active imperative plural second-person)
bellandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
bellaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
bellandi (active indicative plural third-person)
bellain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
bellandau (active imperative plural third-person)
bellandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
bellaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
ball (active first-person indicative singular)
bullį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
ballt (active indicative second-person singular)
bullīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
ball (active indicative singular third-person)
bullī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
bullū (active dual first-person indicative)
bullīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
bulludiz (active dual indicative second-person)
bullīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
bullum (active first-person indicative plural)
bullīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
bullud (active indicative plural second-person)
bullīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
bullun (active indicative plural third-person)
bullīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
bellandz (active participle present)
bullanaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Old English: bellan
Middle English: bellen
English: bell
Scots: bell

Old Saxon: *bellan

Middle Low German: bellen

German Low German: bellen

Old Dutch: *bellan

Middle Dutch: bellen

Dutch: bellen

Old High German: bellan

Middle High German: bëllen

Cimbrian: pèlln

German: bellen

From Proto-Indo-European *bʰel- (“to sound; roar; bark”).


gauraz

*gauraz (a-stem)

gauraz (masculine nominative singular strong)
gaurai (masculine nominative plural strong)
gaurō (feminine nominative singular strong)
gaurôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
gaurą (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
gaurō (neuter nominative plural strong)
gauranǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
gauranz (accusative masculine plural strong)
gaurǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
gaurōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
gaurą (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
gaurō (accusative neuter plural strong)
gauras (genitive masculine singular strong)
-is (genitive masculine singular strong)
gauraizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
gauraizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
gauraizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
gauras (genitive neuter singular strong)
-is (genitive neuter singular strong)
gauraizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
gaurammai (dative masculine singular strong)
gauraimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
gauraizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
gauraimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
gaurammai (dative neuter singular strong)
gauraimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
gauranō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
gauraimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
gauraizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
gauraimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
gauranō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
gauraimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
gaurô (masculine nominative singular weak)
gauraniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
gaurǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
gaurōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
gaurô (neuter nominative singular weak)
gaurōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
gauranų (accusative masculine singular weak)
gauranunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
gaurōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
gaurōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
gaurô (accusative neuter singular weak)
gaurōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
gauriniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
gauranǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
gaurōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
gaurōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
gauriniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
gauranǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
gaurini (dative masculine singular weak)
gaurammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
gaurōni (dative feminine singular weak)
gaurōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
gaurini (dative neuter singular weak)
gaurammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
gaurinē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
gaurammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
gaurōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
gaurōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
gaurinē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
gaurammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

Proto-West Germanic: *gaur

Old Dutch: *gōr

Middle Dutch: *gōr

Dutch: gor (dialectal)

⇒ Proto-West Germanic: *gaurag

Gothic: 𐌲𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍃 (gaurs)

From Pre-Germanic *gʰowro-s, probably from a suffixed form of Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰewH- (“to call on, invoke”) or from *gʰewro-. Cognate with Old Irish gúre (“pain, pang”), Sanskrit घोर (ghora, “terrible”), Proto-Slavic *žuriti (“to rage”), and Lithuanian žiaurùs.


hwīskrōną

hwīskrō (active first-person indicative singular)
hwīskrǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
hwīskrōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
hwīskrōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
hwīskrōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
hwīskrō (active imperative second-person singular)
hwīskrōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
hwīskrōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
hwīskrōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
hwīskrō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
hwīskrōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
hwīskrōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
hwīskrōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
hwīskrōs (active dual first-person indicative)
hwīskrōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
hwīskrōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
hwīskrōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
hwīskrōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
hwīskrōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
hwīskrōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
hwīskrōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
hwīskrōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
hwīskrōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
hwīskrōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
hwīskrōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
hwīskrōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
hwīskrōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
hwīskrōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
hwīskrōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
hwīskrōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
hwīskrōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
hwīskrōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
hwīskrōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
hwīskrōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
hwīskrōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
hwīskrōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
hwīskrōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
hwīskrōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
hwīskrōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
hwīskrōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
hwīskrōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
hwīskrōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
hwīskrōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
hwīskrōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
hwīskrōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
hwīskrōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
hwīskrōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
hwīskrōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
hwīskrōndz (active participle present)
hwīskrōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Old Norse: hvískra
Icelandic: hvískra
>? Norn: hvista
Norwegian Nynorsk: kviskra, kviska
→ Norwegian Bokmål: kviskre
Swedish: viska
Danish: hviske
Norwegian Bokmål: hviske

From *hwis- (“to hiss”), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱweys-, *ḱwey- (“to hiss, whistle, whisper”). Cognate with Latin quiritō (“to scream, screech, shriek, squall”).


hwisprōną

hwisprō (active first-person indicative singular)
hwisprǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
hwisprōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
hwisprōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
hwisprōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
hwisprō (active imperative second-person singular)
hwisprōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
hwisprōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
hwisprōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
hwisprō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
hwisprōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
hwisprōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
hwisprōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
hwisprōs (active dual first-person indicative)
hwisprōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
hwisprōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
hwisprōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
hwisprōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
hwisprōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
hwisprōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
hwisprōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
hwisprōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
hwisprōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
hwisprōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
hwisprōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
hwisprōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
hwisprōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
hwisprōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
hwisprōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
hwisprōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
hwisprōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
hwisprōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
hwisprōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
hwisprōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
hwisprōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
hwisprōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
hwisprōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
hwisprōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
hwisprōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
hwisprōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
hwisprōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
hwisprōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
hwisprōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
hwisprōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
hwisprōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
hwisprōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
hwisprōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
hwisprōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
hwisprōndz (active participle present)
hwisprōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *hwisprōn

Old English: hwisprian

Middle English: whisperen

English: whisper

Scots: whisper

Old Dutch: *wispron, *wisparon

Middle Dutch: wisperen

Dutch: wisperen

→? German: wispern

Limburgish: wiesperen

From *hwis- (“to hiss”), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱweys-, *ḱwey- (“to hiss, whistle, whisper”). Cognate with Latin quiritō (“scream, screech, shriek, squall”).


hwisplōną

hwisplō (active first-person indicative singular)
hwisplǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
hwisplōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
hwisplōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
hwisplōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
hwisplō (active imperative second-person singular)
hwisplōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
hwisplōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
hwisplōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
hwisplō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
hwisplōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
hwisplōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
hwisplōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
hwisplōs (active dual first-person indicative)
hwisplōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
hwisplōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
hwisplōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
hwisplōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
hwisplōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
hwisplōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
hwisplōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
hwisplōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
hwisplōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
hwisplōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
hwisplōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
hwisplōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
hwisplōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
hwisplōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
hwisplōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
hwisplōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
hwisplōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
hwisplōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
hwisplōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
hwisplōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
hwisplōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
hwisplōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
hwisplōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
hwisplōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
hwisplōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
hwisplōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
hwisplōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
hwisplōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
hwisplōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
hwisplōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
hwisplōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
hwisplōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
hwisplōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
hwisplōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
hwisplōndz (active participle present)
hwisplōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *hwisplōn

Old Saxon: *hwisplōn

Middle Low German: wispelen

German Low German: wispeln

Old Dutch: *wisplon, *wispalon

Middle Dutch: wispelen

Dutch: wispelen

Limburgish: wiespelen

Old High German: hwispalōn

Middle High German: wispeln

Cimbrian: bispalan

German: wispeln


wapsō

wapsō (nominative singular)
wapsôz (nominative plural)
wapsō (singular vocative)
wapsôz (plural vocative)
wapsǭ (accusative singular)
wapsōz (accusative plural)
wapsōz (genitive singular)
wapsǫ̂ (genitive plural)
wapsōi (dative singular)
wapsōmaz (dative plural)
wapsō (instrumental singular)
wapsōmiz (instrumental plural)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *wapsu
Old English: wæps, wæsp, wæfs
Middle English: wasp, wappes, waps, waspe
English: wasp, waps
Sranan Tongo: waswasi (reduplicated)
Scots: wasp, wesp
Old Frisian: *waps
Saterland Frisian: Häspe, Gäspe
West Frisian: waps
Old Saxon: waspa
Middle Low German: wopse
Old Dutch: wapsa (attested in Latin text as uuapces)
Old High German: wafsa
→ Old French: guespe, vespe, wespe, wapce (partially) (see there for further descendants)

→ Proto-Finnic: *vaps

Finnish: vaapsahainen

Estonian: vapsik

Karelian: voapsahaine

Livonian: vaps

Veps: bapshaine

→ Proto-Samic: *viepsēs (see there for further descendants)

From Proto-Indo-European *wops-éh₂, from *wóps.


kitilōną

kitilō (active first-person indicative singular)
kitilǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
kitilōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
kitilōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
kitilōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
kitilō (active imperative second-person singular)
kitilōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
kitilōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
kitilōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
kitilō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
kitilōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
kitilōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
kitilōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
kitilōs (active dual first-person indicative)
kitilōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
kitilōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
kitilōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
kitilōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
kitilōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
kitilōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
kitilōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
kitilōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
kitilōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
kitilōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
kitilōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
kitilōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
kitilōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
kitilōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
kitilōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
kitilōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
kitilōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
kitilōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
kitilōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
kitilōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
kitilōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
kitilōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
kitilōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
kitilōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
kitilōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
kitilōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
kitilōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
kitilōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
kitilōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
kitilōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
kitilōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
kitilōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
kitilōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
kitilōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
kitilōndz (active participle present)
kitilōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *kitilōn

Old Frisian: *kitelja

Saterland Frisian: kiddelje

West Frisian: kitelje, kidelje

Old Saxon: kitilōn

Middle Low German: kittelen, kettelen

Low German: ketteln, keteln

German Low German: kiddeln, killern

→ German: killern

Old Dutch: *kitilon

desc

Middle Dutch: kitelen, ketelen, kittelen, kietelen

desctree

Dutch: kietelen, ketelen, kittelen
Negerhollands: kettel

desc

Old High German: kizilōn, kuzilōn, kizzilōn, chizzilōn, chuzzilōn

Middle High German: kitzlen, kitzeln

Cimbrian: kitzalan

German: kitzeln, kützeln, kutzeln

desctree

Old Norse: kitla
Icelandic: kitla
Faroese: kitla
Norwegian Nynorsk: kitla
Norwegian Bokmål: kile
Old Swedish: kitla, kitzla
Swedish: kittla
Danish: kilde, kildre

→ Old English: citelian
Middle English: kitelen
English: kittle
Scots: kittil, kittill

From *kitōną, from Proto-Indo-European *geyd- (“to sting; prick; tickle”) + *-lōną. Cognate with Proto-Slavic *gъdьlъ (“tickle”).


wagnisô

wagnisô (nominative singular)
wagnisaniz (nominative plural)
wagnisô (singular vocative)
wagnisaniz (plural vocative)
wagnisanų (accusative singular)
wagnisanunz (accusative plural)
wagnisiniz (genitive singular)
wagnisanǫ̂ (genitive plural)
wagnisini (dative singular)
wagnisammaz (dative plural)
wagnisinē (instrumental singular)
wagnisammiz (instrumental plural)

Old High German: waganso

Middle High German: wagense, wagese

German: Wagense

Bavarian: Wagensun

Alemannic German: Wägese

Old Norse: *vagsni, vangsni

Norwegian: vangsne, vagnse

Swedish: vangs (dialectal)

From Proto-Indo-European *wogʷʰnis, *wogʷʰmis, probably from Proto-Indo-European *weǵʰ-. Cognate with Old Prussian wagnis (“ploughshare”), Ancient Greek ὀφνίς (ophnís) (Hesychius) and Latin vōmis, vōmer.

Brill Publishers
Hesychius of Alexandria


wigją

wigją (nominative singular)
wigjō (nominative plural)
wigją (singular vocative)
wigjō (plural vocative)
wigją (accusative singular)
wigjō (accusative plural)
wigjas (genitive singular)
wigis (genitive singular)
wigjǫ̂ (genitive plural)
wigjai (dative singular)
wigjamaz (dative plural)
wigjō (instrumental singular)
wigjamiz (instrumental plural)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *wigi
Old English: wiċġ, wyċġ
Middle English: *wigge, wig
English: widge
Old Frisian: wigge, widze, wedze
Old Saxon: wiggi, wigg, wig
Old Dutch: wiggi

Old Norse: vigg

Icelandic: vigg n, viggur m

From Proto-Indo-European *weǵʰ- (“to carry; move; transport; ride”).


wiljakwemô

gem-decl-noun-table

*wiljakwemô (an-stem)

wiljakwemô (nominative singular)
wiljakwemaniz (nominative plural)
wiljakwemô (singular vocative)
wiljakwemaniz (plural vocative)
wiljakwemanų (accusative singular)
wiljakwemanunz (accusative plural)
wiljakweminiz (genitive singular)
wiljakwemanǫ̂ (genitive plural)
wiljakwemini (dative singular)
wiljakwemammaz (dative plural)
wiljakweminē (instrumental singular)
wiljakwemammiz (instrumental plural)

From *wiljaną (“to want”) + *kwemaną (“to come”). Literally "desired comer" (or "desired come!").


wiljakwemô

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *willjakwemō
Old English: wilcuma, wilcume
Middle English: welcome, wolcume, wulcume, wilcume
Scots: walcome
English: welcome
→ Tok Pisin: welkam
→ Pitcairn-Norfolk: welkam
⇒ Old English: wilcumian, wylcumian, wellcumian (verb)
Middle English: wilcumen, wolcumen, welcomen
English: welcome
Scots: welcum, welcom, wellcom, willcom
⇒ Old English: ġewilcumian
Old Frisian: *wilkuma
Saterland Frisian: wilkemen, wülkemen, wäilkúmen
West Frisian: wolkom
Old Saxon: *willikumo
Middle Low German: willekome, wilkome, willekom
⇒ Middle Low German: willekomen, willekōmen (verb)
⇒ Middle Low German: willekōmen, wolkōmen (past participle, adjective)
German Low German: willkomen
→ Old Norse: velkominn (adjective)
Icelandic: velkominn
Faroese: vælkomin
Norwegian:
Norwegian Bokmål: velkommen
Norwegian Nynorsk: velkomen, velkommen
Old Swedish: vælkomin
Swedish: välkommen
Danish: velkommen
Old Dutch: *willikumo
Middle Dutch: willecome, wellecome, welcome
Dutch: welkom
Afrikaans: welkom
Limburgish: welkom, wilkóm
→ Old French: willecome, willecomme, wilecome
Middle French: willecomme (adjective, interjection)
⇒ Old French: willecomer, wilecomer (verb)
Middle French: welcumer, welcomer, welcomier (verb)
Old High German: willikwemo, williquemo, willikomo, willechomen
Middle High German: willekomen
Alemannic German: wéllkòmm, wol chomne, wolgcheemen, woul chemne
Cimbrian: bóolkhèmm
German: willkommen
Luxembourgish: wëllkëmm
Vulgar Latin: *bene venītus, *bene venūtus (calqued) (see there for further descendants)