swaipijaną

swaipijō (active first-person indicative singular)
swaipijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
swaipijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
swaipīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
swaipijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
swaipī (active imperative second-person singular)
swaipijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
swaipijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
swaipīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
swaipijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
swaipijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
swaipijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
swaipijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
swaipijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
swaipijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
swaipijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
swaipijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
swaipijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
swaipijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
swaipijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
swaipijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
swaipijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
swaipīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
swaipijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
swaipīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
swaipijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
swaipijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
swaipijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
swaipijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
swaipijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
swaipijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
swaipijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
swaipidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
swaipidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
swaipidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
swaipidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
swaipidē (active indicative singular third-person)
swaipidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
swaipidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
swaipidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
swaipidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
swaipidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
swaipidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
swaipidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
swaipidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
swaipidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
swaipidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
swaipidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
swaipijandz (active participle present)
swaipidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *swaipijan
Old English: *swǣpan
Middle English: swēpen, sweepe, swepe
English: sweep
Scots: sweep
Old High German: sweifen
Middle High German: sweifen
German: schweifen

Old Norse: sveipa
Icelandic: sveipa
Faroese: sveipa
Norwegian:
Norwegian Nynorsk: sveipa
Norwegian Bokmål: sveipe
Ostrobothnian: sveip
Nilandian: svipa
Old Swedish: svēpa, swǣpa
Swedish: svepa
Scanian: svøba, svepa, sveva
Older Danish: svebe
Danish: svøbe, svippe
→ Middle English: swaipen
English: swaip
Scots: swape, swaip


gafrēgijaz

gafrēgijaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
gafrēgijai (masculine nominative plural strong)
gafrēgijō (feminine nominative singular strong)
gafrēgijôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
gafrēgiją (neuter nominative singular strong)
-at (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
gafrēgijō (neuter nominative plural strong)
gafrēgijanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
gafrēgijanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
gafrēgijǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
gafrēgijōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
gafrēgiją (accusative neuter singular strong)
-at (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
gafrēgijō (accusative neuter plural strong)
gafrēgijas (genitive masculine singular strong)
gafrēgīs (genitive masculine singular strong)
gafrēgijaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
gafrēgijaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
gafrēgijaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
gafrēgijas (genitive neuter singular strong)
gafrēgīs (genitive neuter singular strong)
gafrēgijaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
gafrēgijammai (dative masculine singular strong)
gafrēgijaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
gafrēgijaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
gafrēgijaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
gafrēgijammai (dative neuter singular strong)
gafrēgijaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
gafrēgijanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
gafrēgijaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
gafrēgijaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
gafrēgijaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
gafrēgijanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
gafrēgijaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
gafrēgijô (masculine nominative singular weak)
gafrēgijaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
gafrēgijǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
gafrēgijōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
gafrēgijô (neuter nominative singular weak)
gafrēgijōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
gafrēgijanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
gafrēgijanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
gafrēgijōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
gafrēgijōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
gafrēgijô (accusative neuter singular weak)
gafrēgijōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
gafrēgīniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
gafrēgijanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
gafrēgijōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
gafrēgijōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
gafrēgīniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
gafrēgijanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
gafrēgīni (dative masculine singular weak)
gafrēgijammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
gafrēgijōni (dative feminine singular weak)
gafrēgijōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
gafrēgīni (dative neuter singular weak)
gafrēgijammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
gafrēgīnē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
gafrēgijammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
gafrēgijōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
gafrēgijōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
gafrēgīnē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
gafrēgijammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *gafrāgī
Old English: ġefrǣġe
Old Saxon: gifrāgi

Old Norse: frægr

Icelandic: frægur

/ɣɑˈɸrɛː.ɣi.jɑz/

From Proto-Indo-European *preḱ- (“to ask, request”).


gnīdaną

gnīdō (active first-person indicative singular)
gnīdaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
gnīdai (first-person indicative passive singular)
gnīdizi (active indicative second-person singular)
gnīdaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
gnīd (active imperative second-person singular)
gnīdazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
gnīdaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
gnīdidi (active indicative singular third-person)
gnīdai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
gnīdadau (active imperative singular third-person)
gnīdadai (indicative passive singular third-person)
gnīdaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
gnīdōz (active dual first-person indicative)
gnīdaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
gnīdadiz (active dual indicative second-person)
gnīdaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
gnīdadiz (active dual imperative second-person)
gnīdamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
gnīdaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
gnīdandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
gnīdaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
gnīdid (active indicative plural second-person)
gnīdaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
gnīdid (active imperative plural second-person)
gnīdandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
gnīdaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
gnīdandi (active indicative plural third-person)
gnīdain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
gnīdandau (active imperative plural third-person)
gnīdandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
gnīdaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
gnaid (active first-person indicative singular)
gnidį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
gnaist (active indicative second-person singular)
gnidīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
gnaid (active indicative singular third-person)
gnidī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
gnidū (active dual first-person indicative)
gnidīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
gnidudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
gnidīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
gnidum (active first-person indicative plural)
gnidīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
gnidud (active indicative plural second-person)
gnidīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
gnidun (active indicative plural third-person)
gnidīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
gnīdandz (active participle present)
gnidanaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *gnīdan
Old English: gnīdan
Middle English: gniden, gnyde
Old Saxon: *gnīdan
Middle Low German: gnīden
Old High German: gnītan
Middle High German: gnīten

Old Norse: gníða

Icelandic: gníða

Old Swedish: gnidha

Swedish: gnida

Danish: gnide, (obsolete) nithe

/ˈɣniː.ðɑ.nɑ̃/

From Proto-Indo-European *gʰneydʰ- (“to rub”).


gawitāną

gawitō (active first-person indicative singular)
gawitaisi (active indicative second-person singular)
gawitai (active imperative second-person singular)
gawitāsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
gawitaiþi (active indicative singular third-person)
gawitāþau (active imperative singular third-person)
gawitāþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
gawitōs (active dual first-person indicative)
gawitāþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
gawitāþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
gawitāmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
gawitānþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
gawitaiþ (active indicative plural second-person)
gawitaiþ (active imperative plural second-person)
gawitānþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
gawitānþi (active indicative plural third-person)
gawitānþau (active imperative plural third-person)
gawitānþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
gawitadǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
gawitadēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
gawitadēz (active indicative second-person singular)
gawitadēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
gawitadē (active indicative singular third-person)
gawitadēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
gawitadēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
gawitadēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
gawitadēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
gawitadēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
gawitadēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
gawitadēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
gawitadēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
gawitadēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
gawitadēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
gawitadēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
gawitāndz (active participle present)
gawitadaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *gawitēn

Old High German: giwizzēn

Gothic: 𐌲𐌰𐍅𐌹𐍄𐌰𐌽 (gawitān)


þrumjaz

þrumjaz (nominative singular)
þrumjōz (nominative plural)
þrumjōs (nominative plural)
þrumi (singular vocative)
þrumjōz (plural vocative)
þrumjōs (plural vocative)
þrumją (accusative singular)
þrumjanz (accusative plural)
þrumjas (genitive singular)
þrumis (genitive singular)
þrumjǫ̂ (genitive plural)
þrumjai (dative singular)
þrumjamaz (dative plural)
þrumjō (instrumental singular)
þrumjamiz (instrumental plural)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *þrumi
Old English: þrymm, þrym
Middle English: thrum, throm, thrim
Old Saxon: *thrumm
⇒ Old Saxon: heruthrumm, heruthrum

Old Norse: þrymr

Icelandic: þrymur

From Proto-Indo-European *trem- (“to tremble (in fear)”). Cognate with Latin tremō.


þrimmaną

þrimmō (active first-person indicative singular)
þrimmaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
þrimmai (first-person indicative passive singular)
þrimmizi (active indicative second-person singular)
þrimmaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
þrimm (active imperative second-person singular)
þrimmazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
þrimmaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
þrimmidi (active indicative singular third-person)
þrimmai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
þrimmadau (active imperative singular third-person)
þrimmadai (indicative passive singular third-person)
þrimmaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
þrimmōz (active dual first-person indicative)
þrimmaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
þrimmadiz (active dual indicative second-person)
þrimmaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
þrimmadiz (active dual imperative second-person)
þrimmamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
þrimmaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
þrimmandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
þrimmaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
þrimmid (active indicative plural second-person)
þrimmaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
þrimmid (active imperative plural second-person)
þrimmandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
þrimmaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
þrimmandi (active indicative plural third-person)
þrimmain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
þrimmandau (active imperative plural third-person)
þrimmandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
þrimmaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
þramm (active first-person indicative singular)
þrummį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
þrammt (active indicative second-person singular)
þrummīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
þramm (active indicative singular third-person)
þrummī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
þrummū (active dual first-person indicative)
þrummīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
þrummudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
þrummīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
þrummum (active first-person indicative plural)
þrummīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
þrummud (active indicative plural second-person)
þrummīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
þrummun (active indicative plural third-person)
þrummīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
þrimmandz (active participle present)
þrummanaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *þrimman
Old Saxon: thrimman

Old Norse: þramma

Icelandic: þramma

From Proto-Indo-European *trem- (“to tremble (in fear)”).


swīmaną

swīmō (active first-person indicative singular)
swīmaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
swīmai (first-person indicative passive singular)
swīmizi (active indicative second-person singular)
swīmaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
swīm (active imperative second-person singular)
swīmazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
swīmaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
swīmidi (active indicative singular third-person)
swīmai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
swīmadau (active imperative singular third-person)
swīmadai (indicative passive singular third-person)
swīmaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
swīmōz (active dual first-person indicative)
swīmaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
swīmadiz (active dual indicative second-person)
swīmaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
swīmadiz (active dual imperative second-person)
swīmamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
swīmaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
swīmandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
swīmaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
swīmid (active indicative plural second-person)
swīmaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
swīmid (active imperative plural second-person)
swīmandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
swīmaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
swīmandi (active indicative plural third-person)
swīmain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
swīmandau (active imperative plural third-person)
swīmandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
swīmaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
swaim (active first-person indicative singular)
swimį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
swaimt (active indicative second-person singular)
swimīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
swaim (active indicative singular third-person)
swimī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
swimū (active dual first-person indicative)
swimīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
swimudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
swimīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
swimum (active first-person indicative plural)
swimīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
swimud (active indicative plural second-person)
swimīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
swimun (active indicative plural third-person)
swimīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
swīmandz (active participle present)
swimanaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *swīman
Old Frisian: *swīma
West Frisian: swime, swymje
⇒ Old Frisian: biswīma
Old Saxon: *swīman
Middle Low German: swīmen
Old Dutch: *swīman
Middle Dutch: swimen
Dutch: zwijmen
Old High German: *swīman
Middle High German: swīmen

Old Norse: svíma

Faroese: svíma

Old Swedish: svīma

Swedish: svimma

Possibly related to *swaipaną (“to sweep, sway”).


sneumô

Proto-West Germanic: *sneumō
Old English: snēome, snīome
Old Saxon: sniumo
Old Dutch: sniumo
Old High German: sniumo

Old Norse: snemma, snimma

Faroese: snimma

Icelandic: snemma


sniumijaną

sniumijō (active first-person indicative singular)
sniumijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
sniumijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
sniumiisi (active indicative second-person singular)
sniumijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
sniumii (active imperative second-person singular)
sniumijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
sniumijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
sniumiiþi (active indicative singular third-person)
sniumijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
sniumijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
sniumijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
sniumijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
sniumijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
sniumijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
sniumijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
sniumijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
sniumijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
sniumijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
sniumijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
sniumijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
sniumijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
sniumiiþ (active indicative plural second-person)
sniumijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
sniumiiþ (active imperative plural second-person)
sniumijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
sniumijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
sniumijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
sniumijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
sniumijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
sniumijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
sniumijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
sniumiidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
sniumiidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
sniumiidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
sniumiidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
sniumiidē (active indicative singular third-person)
sniumiidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
sniumiidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
sniumiidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
sniumiidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
sniumiidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
sniumiidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
sniumiidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
sniumiidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
sniumiidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
sniumiidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
sniumiidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
sniumijandz (active participle present)
sniumiidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *sniumijan
Old Saxon: *sniumen
Middle Low German: gesniumen
Old High German: sniumen

Gothic: 𐍃𐌽𐌹𐌿𐌼𐌾𐌰𐌽 (sniumjan)


snewaną

snewō (active first-person indicative singular)
snewaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
snewai (first-person indicative passive singular)
sniwizi (active indicative second-person singular)
snewaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
snew (active imperative second-person singular)
snewazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
snewaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
sniwidi (active indicative singular third-person)
snewai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
snewadau (active imperative singular third-person)
snewadai (indicative passive singular third-person)
snewaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
snewōz (active dual first-person indicative)
snewaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
snewadiz (active dual indicative second-person)
snewaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
snewadiz (active dual imperative second-person)
snewamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
snewaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
snewandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
snewaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
sniwid (active indicative plural second-person)
snewaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
sniwid (active imperative plural second-person)
snewandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
snewaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
snewandi (active indicative plural third-person)
snewain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
snewandau (active imperative plural third-person)
snewandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
snewaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
snau (active first-person indicative singular)
snēwį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
snaut (active indicative second-person singular)
snēwīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
snau (active indicative singular third-person)
snēwī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
snēwū (active dual first-person indicative)
snēwīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
snēwudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
snēwīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
snēwum (active first-person indicative plural)
snēwīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
snēwud (active indicative plural second-person)
snēwīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
snēwun (active indicative plural third-person)
snēwīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
snewandz (active participle present)
snewanaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *snewan

Old English: snēowan, snōwan

Old Norse: snúa

Faroese: snúgva

Gothic: 𐍃𐌽𐌹𐍅𐌰𐌽 (sniwan)

From Proto-Indo-European *snew- (“to be fleet; flow; run; trickle”). Cognate with Proto-Slavic *snuti (“to shuttle, to warp (yarn, thread)”).


sahtaz

sahtaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
sahtai (masculine nominative plural strong)
sahtō (feminine nominative singular strong)
sahtôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
sahtą (neuter nominative singular strong)
-at (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
sahtō (neuter nominative plural strong)
sahtanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
sahtanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
sahtǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
sahtōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
sahtą (accusative neuter singular strong)
-at (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
sahtō (accusative neuter plural strong)
sahtas (genitive masculine singular strong)
sahtis (genitive masculine singular strong)
sahtaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
sahtaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
sahtaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
sahtas (genitive neuter singular strong)
sahtis (genitive neuter singular strong)
sahtaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
sahtammai (dative masculine singular strong)
sahtaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
sahtaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
sahtaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
sahtammai (dative neuter singular strong)
sahtaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
sahtanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
sahtaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
sahtaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
sahtaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
sahtanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
sahtaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
sahtô (masculine nominative singular weak)
sahtaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
sahtǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
sahtōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
sahtô (neuter nominative singular weak)
sahtōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
sahtanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
sahtanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
sahtōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
sahtōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
sahtô (accusative neuter singular weak)
sahtōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
sahtiniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
sahtanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
sahtōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
sahtōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
sahtiniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
sahtanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
sahtini (dative masculine singular weak)
sahtammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
sahtōni (dative feminine singular weak)
sahtōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
sahtini (dative neuter singular weak)
sahtammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
sahtinē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
sahtammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
sahtōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
sahtōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
sahtinē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
sahtammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

Old Norse: sáttr

Icelandic: sáttur

Old Swedish: satter

Swedish: såt

Gothic: *𐍃𐌰𐌷𐍄𐍃 (*sahts)

⇒ Gothic: 𐌿𐌽𐍃𐌰𐌷𐍄𐌰𐌱𐌰 (unsahtaba)

From Proto-Indo-European *seh₂g- (“to follow after, pursue, track, seek”).


sniumijaz

sniumijaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
sniumijai (masculine nominative plural strong)
sniumijō (feminine nominative singular strong)
sniumijôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
sniumiją (neuter nominative singular strong)
-at (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
sniumijō (neuter nominative plural strong)
sniumijanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
sniumijanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
sniumijǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
sniumijōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
sniumiją (accusative neuter singular strong)
-at (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
sniumijō (accusative neuter plural strong)
sniumijas (genitive masculine singular strong)
sniumīs (genitive masculine singular strong)
sniumijaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
sniumijaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
sniumijaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
sniumijas (genitive neuter singular strong)
sniumīs (genitive neuter singular strong)
sniumijaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
sniumijammai (dative masculine singular strong)
sniumijaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
sniumijaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
sniumijaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
sniumijammai (dative neuter singular strong)
sniumijaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
sniumijanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
sniumijaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
sniumijaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
sniumijaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
sniumijanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
sniumijaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
sniumijô (masculine nominative singular weak)
sniumijaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
sniumijǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
sniumijōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
sniumijô (neuter nominative singular weak)
sniumijōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
sniumijanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
sniumijanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
sniumijōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
sniumijōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
sniumijô (accusative neuter singular weak)
sniumijōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
sniumīniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
sniumijanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
sniumijōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
sniumijōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
sniumīniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
sniumijanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
sniumīni (dative masculine singular weak)
sniumijammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
sniumijōni (dative feminine singular weak)
sniumijōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
sniumīni (dative neuter singular weak)
sniumijammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
sniumīnē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
sniumijammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
sniumijōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
sniumijōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
sniumīnē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
sniumijammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

Proto-West Germanic: *sniumī

Old Saxon: sniumi

Middle Low German: snouw, snaw

Old High German: sniumi

Old Norse: snemmr, snimmr

Icelandic: snemmur

Gothic: *𐍃𐌽𐌹𐌿𐌼𐌴𐌹𐍃 (*sniumeis)

⇒ Gothic: 𐍃𐌽𐌹𐌿𐌼𐌿𐌽𐌳𐍉 (sniumundō)

From Proto-Indo-European *snew- (“to be fleet; flow; run; trickle”).


rīhaną

rīhō (active first-person indicative singular)
rīhaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
rīhai (first-person indicative passive singular)
rīhizi (active indicative second-person singular)
rīhaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
rīh (active imperative second-person singular)
rīhazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
rīhaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
rīhidi (active indicative singular third-person)
rīhai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
rīhadau (active imperative singular third-person)
rīhadai (indicative passive singular third-person)
rīhaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
rīhōz (active dual first-person indicative)
rīhaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
rīhadiz (active dual indicative second-person)
rīhaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
rīhadiz (active dual imperative second-person)
rīhamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
rīhaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
rīhandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
rīhaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
rīhid (active indicative plural second-person)
rīhaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
rīhid (active imperative plural second-person)
rīhandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
rīhaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
rīhandi (active indicative plural third-person)
rīhain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
rīhandau (active imperative plural third-person)
rīhandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
rīhaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
raih (active first-person indicative singular)
rigį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
raiht (active indicative second-person singular)
rigīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
raih (active indicative singular third-person)
rigī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
rigū (active dual first-person indicative)
rigīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
rigudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
rigīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
rigum (active first-person indicative plural)
rigīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
rigud (active indicative plural second-person)
rigīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
rigun (active indicative plural third-person)
rigīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
rīhandz (active participle present)
riganaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *rīhan
Old Frisian: *rīa
West Frisian: riuwe
Old Saxon: *rīhan
Middle Low German: rīhen
Old Dutch: *rīan
Middle Dutch: rien, rigen
Dutch: rijgen
Afrikaans: ryg
Old High German: *rīhan
Middle High German: rīhen
German: reihen

Possibly from Proto-Indo-European *h₁reyḱ- (“to break, scratch”), whence also Ancient Greek ἐρείκω (ereíkō, “to rend, bruise, pound”).


þrūstijaną

þrūstijō (active first-person indicative singular)
þrūstijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
þrūstijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
þrūstīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
þrūstijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
þrūstī (active imperative second-person singular)
þrūstijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
þrūstijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
þrūstīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
þrūstijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
þrūstijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
þrūstijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
þrūstijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
þrūstijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
þrūstijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
þrūstijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
þrūstijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
þrūstijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
þrūstijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
þrūstijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
þrūstijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
þrūstijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
þrūstīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
þrūstijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
þrūstīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
þrūstijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
þrūstijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
þrūstijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
þrūstijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
þrūstijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
þrūstijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
þrūstijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
þrūstidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
þrūstidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
þrūstidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
þrūstidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
þrūstidē (active indicative singular third-person)
þrūstidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
þrūstidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
þrūstidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
þrūstidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
þrūstidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
þrūstidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
þrūstidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
þrūstidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
þrūstidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
þrūstidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
þrūstidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
þrūstijandz (active participle present)
þrūstidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *þrūstijan

Old High German: drūsten

Old Norse: þrýsta

Icelandic: þrýsta

→ English: thrust

From Proto-Indo-European *trewd- (“to push, to thrust”).


þrūtaną

þrūtō (active first-person indicative singular)
þrūtaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
þrūtai (first-person indicative passive singular)
þrūtizi (active indicative second-person singular)
þrūtaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
þrūt (active imperative second-person singular)
þrūtazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
þrūtaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
þrūtidi (active indicative singular third-person)
þrūtai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
þrūtadau (active imperative singular third-person)
þrūtadai (indicative passive singular third-person)
þrūtaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
þrūtōz (active dual first-person indicative)
þrūtaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
þrūtadiz (active dual indicative second-person)
þrūtaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
þrūtadiz (active dual imperative second-person)
þrūtamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
þrūtaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
þrūtandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
þrūtaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
þrūtid (active indicative plural second-person)
þrūtaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
þrūtid (active imperative plural second-person)
þrūtandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
þrūtaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
þrūtandi (active indicative plural third-person)
þrūtain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
þrūtandau (active imperative plural third-person)
þrūtandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
þrūtaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
þraut (active first-person indicative singular)
þrutį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
þraust (active indicative second-person singular)
þrutīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
þraut (active indicative singular third-person)
þrutī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
þrutū (active dual first-person indicative)
þrutīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
þrutudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
þrutīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
þrutum (active first-person indicative plural)
þrutīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
þrutud (active indicative plural second-person)
þrutīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
þrutun (active indicative plural third-person)
þrutīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
þrūtandz (active participle present)
þrutanaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *þrūtan

Old English: *þrūtan

desc

⇒ Old English: āþruten (past participle)

Old Norse: þrútinn (past participle)

Possibly from Proto-Indo-European *trewd- (“to push, to thrust”). Cognate with Latin trūdō.


þrewwaną

þrewwō (active first-person indicative singular)
þrewwaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
þrewwai (first-person indicative passive singular)
þriwwizi (active indicative second-person singular)
þrewwaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
þreww (active imperative second-person singular)
þrewwazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
þrewwaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
þriwwidi (active indicative singular third-person)
þrewwai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
þrewwadau (active imperative singular third-person)
þrewwadai (indicative passive singular third-person)
þrewwaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
þrewwōz (active dual first-person indicative)
þrewwaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
þrewwadiz (active dual indicative second-person)
þrewwaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
þrewwadiz (active dual imperative second-person)
þrewwamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
þrewwaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
þrewwandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
þrewwaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
þriwwid (active indicative plural second-person)
þrewwaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
þriwwid (active imperative plural second-person)
þrewwandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
þrewwaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
þrewwandi (active indicative plural third-person)
þrewwain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
þrewwandau (active imperative plural third-person)
þrewwandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
þrewwaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
þrau (active first-person indicative singular)
þrauw (active first-person indicative singular)
þruwį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
þraut (active indicative second-person singular)
þrauwt (active indicative second-person singular)
þruwīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
þrau (active indicative singular third-person)
þrauw (active indicative singular third-person)
þruwī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
þruwū (active dual first-person indicative)
þruwīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
þruwudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
þruwīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
þruwum (active first-person indicative plural)
þruwīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
þruwud (active indicative plural second-person)
þruwīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
þruwun (active indicative plural third-person)
þruwīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
þrewwandz (active participle present)
þruwanaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *þreuwan
Old High German: driuwan

From Proto-Indo-European *trew(H)- (“to nourish, to grow”).


þiubiją

þiubiją (nominative singular)
þiubijō (nominative plural)
þiubiją (singular vocative)
þiubijō (plural vocative)
þiubiją (accusative singular)
þiubijō (accusative plural)
þiubijas (genitive singular)
þiubīs (genitive singular)
þiubijǫ̂ (genitive plural)
þiubijai (dative singular)
þiubijamaz (dative plural)
þiubijō (instrumental singular)
þiubijamiz (instrumental plural)

Proto-West Germanic: *þiubī

⇒ Old English: þīefefeoh

Old Norse: þýfi

Icelandic: þýfi

Gothic: 𐌸𐌹𐌿𐌱𐌹 (þiubi)


sīpaną

sīpō (active first-person indicative singular)
sīpaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
sīpai (first-person indicative passive singular)
sīpizi (active indicative second-person singular)
sīpaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
sīp (active imperative second-person singular)
sīpazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
sīpaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
sīpidi (active indicative singular third-person)
sīpai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
sīpadau (active imperative singular third-person)
sīpadai (indicative passive singular third-person)
sīpaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
sīpōz (active dual first-person indicative)
sīpaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
sīpadiz (active dual indicative second-person)
sīpaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
sīpadiz (active dual imperative second-person)
sīpamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
sīpaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
sīpandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
sīpaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
sīpid (active indicative plural second-person)
sīpaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
sīpid (active imperative plural second-person)
sīpandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
sīpaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
sīpandi (active indicative plural third-person)
sīpain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
sīpandau (active imperative plural third-person)
sīpandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
sīpaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
saip (active first-person indicative singular)
sipį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
saift (active indicative second-person singular)
sipīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
saip (active indicative singular third-person)
sipī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
sipū (active dual first-person indicative)
sipīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
sipudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
sipīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
sipum (active first-person indicative plural)
sipīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
sipud (active indicative plural second-person)
sipīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
sipun (active indicative plural third-person)
sipīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
sīpandz (active participle present)
sipanaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *sīpan
Old Frisian: sīpa
Old Saxon: *sīpan
Middle Low German: sīpen
Low German: siepen
Old Dutch: *sīpan
Middle Dutch: sipen
Dutch: zijpen
Old High German: *sīfan
Middle High German: sīfen
Central Franconian: siefe, siffe, seife
⇒ Luxembourgish: säifeg

From Proto-Indo-European *seyp-, *seybʰ- (“to pour, sieve, strain, sift, run, drip”), whence also Proto-West Germanic *sibi (“sieve”).


þruwāną

þruwō (active first-person indicative singular)
þruwaisi (active indicative second-person singular)
þruwai (active imperative second-person singular)
þruwāsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
þruwaiþi (active indicative singular third-person)
þruwāþau (active imperative singular third-person)
þruwāþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
þruwōs (active dual first-person indicative)
þruwāþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
þruwāþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
þruwāmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
þruwānþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
þruwaiþ (active indicative plural second-person)
þruwaiþ (active imperative plural second-person)
þruwānþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
þruwānþi (active indicative plural third-person)
þruwānþau (active imperative plural third-person)
þruwānþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
þruwadǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
þruwadēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
þruwadēz (active indicative second-person singular)
þruwadēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
þruwadē (active indicative singular third-person)
þruwadēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
þruwadēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
þruwadēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
þruwadēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
þruwadēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
þruwadēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
þruwadēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
þruwadēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
þruwadēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
þruwadēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
þruwadēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
þruwāndz (active participle present)
þruwadaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Old Norse: þróa

Icelandic: þróa

From *þruwaz (“matured”) + *-āną. Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *trew(H)- (“to norish, to grow”).


uzþreutaną

uzþreutō (active first-person indicative singular)
uzþreutaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
uzþreutai (first-person indicative passive singular)
uzþriutizi (active indicative second-person singular)
uzþreutaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
uzþreut (active imperative second-person singular)
uzþreutazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
uzþreutaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
uzþriutidi (active indicative singular third-person)
uzþreutai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
uzþreutadau (active imperative singular third-person)
uzþreutadai (indicative passive singular third-person)
uzþreutaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
uzþreutōz (active dual first-person indicative)
uzþreutaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
uzþreutadiz (active dual indicative second-person)
uzþreutaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
uzþreutadiz (active dual imperative second-person)
uzþreutamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
uzþreutaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
uzþreutandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
uzþreutaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
uzþriutid (active indicative plural second-person)
uzþreutaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
uzþriutid (active imperative plural second-person)
uzþreutandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
uzþreutaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
uzþreutandi (active indicative plural third-person)
uzþreutain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
uzþreutandau (active imperative plural third-person)
uzþreutandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
uzþreutaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
uzþraut (active first-person indicative singular)
uzþrutį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
uzþraust (active indicative second-person singular)
uzþrutīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
uzþraut (active indicative singular third-person)
uzþrutī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
uzþrutū (active dual first-person indicative)
uzþrutīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
uzþrutudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
uzþrutīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
uzþrutum (active first-person indicative plural)
uzþrutīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
uzþrutud (active indicative plural second-person)
uzþrutīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
uzþrutun (active indicative plural third-person)
uzþrutīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
uzþreutandz (active participle present)
uzþrutanaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *uʀþreutan
Old English: āþrēotan
Old Saxon: āthriotan
Middle Low German: vordrēten, vordreiten
Old High German: irdriozan, irdruzzen
Middle High German: erdriezen, verdriezen
German: erdrießen (archaic), verdrießen

Gothic: 𐌿𐍃𐌸𐍂𐌹𐌿𐍄𐌰𐌽 (usþriutan)


þruwaz

þruwaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
þruwai (masculine nominative plural strong)
þruwō (feminine nominative singular strong)
þruwôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
þruwą (neuter nominative singular strong)
-at (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
þruwō (neuter nominative plural strong)
þruwanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
þruwanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
þruwǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
þruwōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
þruwą (accusative neuter singular strong)
-at (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
þruwō (accusative neuter plural strong)
þruwas (genitive masculine singular strong)
þruwis (genitive masculine singular strong)
þruwaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
þruwaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
þruwaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
þruwas (genitive neuter singular strong)
þruwis (genitive neuter singular strong)
þruwaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
þruwammai (dative masculine singular strong)
þruwaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
þruwaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
þruwaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
þruwammai (dative neuter singular strong)
þruwaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
þruwanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
þruwaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
þruwaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
þruwaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
þruwanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
þruwaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
þruwô (masculine nominative singular weak)
þruwaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
þruwǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
þruwōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
þruwô (neuter nominative singular weak)
þruwōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
þruwanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
þruwanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
þruwōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
þruwōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
þruwô (accusative neuter singular weak)
þruwōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
þruwiniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
þruwanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
þruwōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
þruwōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
þruwiniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
þruwanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
þruwini (dative masculine singular weak)
þruwammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
þruwōni (dative feminine singular weak)
þruwōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
þruwini (dative neuter singular weak)
þruwammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
þruwinē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
þruwammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
þruwōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
þruwōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
þruwinē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
þruwammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

Old Norse: *þrór

q

+ <i class="Latn mention" lang="gem-pro">*-iskaz</i>

⇒ Old Norse: þróskr (+ *-iskaz)

desc

Old Norse: þróski n (“maturity, manhood; promotion, advancement”)

From Proto-Indo-European *trew(H)- (“to norish, to grow”).


þrutą

þrutą (nominative singular)
þrutō (nominative plural)
þrutą (singular vocative)
þrutō (plural vocative)
þrutą (accusative singular)
þrutō (accusative plural)
þrutas (genitive singular)
þrutis (genitive singular)
þrutǫ̂ (genitive plural)
þrutai (dative singular)
þrutamaz (dative plural)
þrutō (instrumental singular)
þrutamiz (instrumental plural)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *þrot
Old English: þrot
Old Saxon: *throt
⇒ Old Saxon: farthrot

Old Norse: þrot

Faroese: trot

Icelandic: þrot

Derived from *þreutaną (“to harass, weary”).


wirsiz

Proto-West Germanic: *wirsi

Old English: wiers, wyrs

Old Norse: verr

Icelandic: verr

Gothic: 𐍅𐌰𐌹𐍂𐍃 (wairs)

Perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *wers- (“to confuse, mix up; to beat, thresh, grind”).


grīsaną

grīsō (active first-person indicative singular)
grīsaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
grīsai (first-person indicative passive singular)
grīsizi (active indicative second-person singular)
grīsaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
grīs (active imperative second-person singular)
grīsazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
grīsaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
grīsidi (active indicative singular third-person)
grīsai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
grīsadau (active imperative singular third-person)
grīsadai (indicative passive singular third-person)
grīsaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
grīsōz (active dual first-person indicative)
grīsaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
grīsadiz (active dual indicative second-person)
grīsaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
grīsadiz (active dual imperative second-person)
grīsamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
grīsaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
grīsandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
grīsaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
grīsid (active indicative plural second-person)
grīsaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
grīsid (active imperative plural second-person)
grīsandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
grīsaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
grīsandi (active indicative plural third-person)
grīsain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
grīsandau (active imperative plural third-person)
grīsandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
grīsaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
grais (active first-person indicative singular)
grizį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
graist (active indicative second-person singular)
grizīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
grais (active indicative singular third-person)
grizī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
grizū (active dual first-person indicative)
grizīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
grizudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
grizīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
grizum (active first-person indicative plural)
grizīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
grizud (active indicative plural second-person)
grizīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
grizun (active indicative plural third-person)
grizīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
grīsandz (active participle present)
grizanaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *grīsan
Old English: grīsan
Middle English: grīsen
English: grise
Old Dutch: *grīsan
Middle Dutch: grisen
⇒ Dutch: afgrijzen (obsolete except as gerund)

Watkins suggests Proto-Indo-European *gʰer- (“to grind, to rub”). However, compare Sanskrit हर्षति (harṣati, “to become on edge, nervous”), which is from *ǵʰers- (“surprised, stiff”).


lapaną

lapō (active first-person indicative singular)
lapaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
lapai (first-person indicative passive singular)
lapizi (active indicative second-person singular)
lapaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
lap (active imperative second-person singular)
lapazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
lapaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
lapidi (active indicative singular third-person)
lapai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
lapadau (active imperative singular third-person)
lapadai (indicative passive singular third-person)
lapaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
lapōz (active dual first-person indicative)
lapaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
lapadiz (active dual indicative second-person)
lapaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
lapadiz (active dual imperative second-person)
lapamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
lapaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
lapandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
lapaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
lapid (active indicative plural second-person)
lapaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
lapid (active imperative plural second-person)
lapandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
lapaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
lapandi (active indicative plural third-person)
lapain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
lapandau (active imperative plural third-person)
lapandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
lapaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
lōp (active first-person indicative singular)
lōpį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
lōft (active indicative second-person singular)
lōpīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
lōp (active indicative singular third-person)
lōpī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
lōpū (active dual first-person indicative)
lōpīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
lōpudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
lōpīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
lōpum (active first-person indicative plural)
lōpīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
lōpud (active indicative plural second-person)
lōpīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
lōpun (active indicative plural third-person)
lōpīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
lapandz (active participle present)
lapanaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *lapan
Old High German: laffan
Middle High German: laffen
Alemannic German: laffen

From Proto-Indo-European *leh₂b-, whence also Latin lambō (“I lick”).


uzwerpaną

uzwerpō (active first-person indicative singular)
uzwerpaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
uzwerpai (first-person indicative passive singular)
uzwirpizi (active indicative second-person singular)
uzwerpaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
uzwerp (active imperative second-person singular)
uzwerpazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
uzwerpaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
uzwirpidi (active indicative singular third-person)
uzwerpai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
uzwerpadau (active imperative singular third-person)
uzwerpadai (indicative passive singular third-person)
uzwerpaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
uzwerpōz (active dual first-person indicative)
uzwerpaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
uzwerpadiz (active dual indicative second-person)
uzwerpaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
uzwerpadiz (active dual imperative second-person)
uzwerpamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
uzwerpaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
uzwerpandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
uzwerpaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
uzwirpid (active indicative plural second-person)
uzwerpaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
uzwirpid (active imperative plural second-person)
uzwerpandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
uzwerpaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
uzwerpandi (active indicative plural third-person)
uzwerpain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
uzwerpandau (active imperative plural third-person)
uzwerpandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
uzwerpaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
uzwarp (active first-person indicative singular)
uzwurpį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
uzwarft (active indicative second-person singular)
uzwurpīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
uzwarp (active indicative singular third-person)
uzwurpī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
uzwurpū (active dual first-person indicative)
uzwurpīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
uzwurpudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
uzwurpīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
uzwurpum (active first-person indicative plural)
uzwurpīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
uzwurpud (active indicative plural second-person)
uzwurpīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
uzwurpun (active indicative plural third-person)
uzwurpīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
uzwerpandz (active participle present)
uzwurpanaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *uʀwerpan
Old English: āweorpan
Middle English: aworpen, aweorpen, awerpen, awarpen
Old Frisian: urwerpa
Old Saxon: āwerpan
Old High German: urwerfan, irwerfan
Middle High German: erwerfen
German: erwerfen (archaic)

Gothic: 𐌿𐍃𐍅𐌰𐌹𐍂𐍀𐌰𐌽 (uswairpan)


drabaną

drabō (active first-person indicative singular)
drabaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
drabai (first-person indicative passive singular)
drabizi (active indicative second-person singular)
drabaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
drab (active imperative second-person singular)
drabazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
drabaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
drabidi (active indicative singular third-person)
drabai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
drabadau (active imperative singular third-person)
drabadai (indicative passive singular third-person)
drabaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
drabōz (active dual first-person indicative)
drabaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
drabadiz (active dual indicative second-person)
drabaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
drabadiz (active dual imperative second-person)
drabamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
drabaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
drabandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
drabaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
drabid (active indicative plural second-person)
drabaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
drabid (active imperative plural second-person)
drabandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
drabaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
drabandi (active indicative plural third-person)
drabain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
drabandau (active imperative plural third-person)
drabandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
drabaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
drōb (active first-person indicative singular)
drōbį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
drōft (active indicative second-person singular)
drōbīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
drōb (active indicative singular third-person)
drōbī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
drōbū (active dual first-person indicative)
drōbīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
drōbudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
drōbīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
drōbum (active first-person indicative plural)
drōbīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
drōbud (active indicative plural second-person)
drōbīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
drōbun (active indicative plural third-person)
drōbīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
drabandz (active participle present)
drabanaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Gothic: *𐌳𐍂𐌰𐌱𐌰𐌽 (*draban)

⇒ Gothic: 𐌲𐌰𐌳𐍂𐌰𐌱𐌰𐌽 (gadraban)

From Proto-Indo-European *dʰrebʰ- (“to grind; crush; kill”). Cognate with Proto-Slavic *drobìti (“to crush”), Lithuanian drėbti (“to strike”) and Latvian drêbt (“to beat”).


kwabjaną

kwabjō (active first-person indicative singular)
kwabjaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
kwabjai (first-person indicative passive singular)
kwabisi (active indicative second-person singular)
kwabjais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
kwabi (active imperative second-person singular)
kwabjasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
kwabjaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
kwabiþi (active indicative singular third-person)
kwabjai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
kwabjaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
kwabjaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
kwabjaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
kwabjōs (active dual first-person indicative)
kwabjaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
kwabjaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
kwabjaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
kwabjaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
kwabjamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
kwabjaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
kwabjanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
kwabjainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
kwabiþ (active indicative plural second-person)
kwabjaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
kwabiþ (active imperative plural second-person)
kwabjanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
kwabjainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
kwabjanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
kwabjain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
kwabjanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
kwabjanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
kwabjainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
kwabidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
kwabidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
kwabidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
kwabidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
kwabidē (active indicative singular third-person)
kwabidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
kwabidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
kwabidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
kwabidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
kwabidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
kwabidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
kwabidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
kwabidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
kwabidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
kwabidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
kwabidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
kwabjandz (active participle present)
kwabidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Old Norse: kefja, kvefja
Icelandic: kvefja, kefja
Norwegian: kveve
Old Swedish: kvävja
Swedish: kväva


spananą

spanō (active first-person indicative singular)
spanaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
spanai (first-person indicative passive singular)
spanizi (active indicative second-person singular)
spanaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
span (active imperative second-person singular)
spanazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
spanaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
spanidi (active indicative singular third-person)
spanai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
spanadau (active imperative singular third-person)
spanadai (indicative passive singular third-person)
spanaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
spanōz (active dual first-person indicative)
spanaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
spanadiz (active dual indicative second-person)
spanaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
spanadiz (active dual imperative second-person)
spanamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
spanaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
spanandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
spanaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
spanid (active indicative plural second-person)
spanaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
spanid (active imperative plural second-person)
spanandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
spanaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
spanandi (active indicative plural third-person)
spanain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
spanandau (active imperative plural third-person)
spanandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
spanaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
spōn (active first-person indicative singular)
spōnį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
spōnt (active indicative second-person singular)
spōnīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
spōn (active indicative singular third-person)
spōnī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
spōnū (active dual first-person indicative)
spōnīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
spōnudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
spōnīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
spōnum (active first-person indicative plural)
spōnīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
spōnud (active indicative plural second-person)
spōnīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
spōnun (active indicative plural third-person)
spōnīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
spanandz (active participle present)
spananaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *spanan
Old English: spanan
Middle English: spannen
Old Saxon: spanan
Middle Low German: spanen
Old High German: spanan
Middle High German: spanen

Old Norse: *spana

Old Swedish: spana

Possibly from Proto-Indo-European *(s)penh₁- (“to spin (thread); to stretch”).


kwēbijaną

kwēbijō (active first-person indicative singular)
kwēbijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
kwēbijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
kwēbīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
kwēbijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
kwēbī (active imperative second-person singular)
kwēbijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
kwēbijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
kwēbīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
kwēbijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
kwēbijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
kwēbijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
kwēbijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
kwēbijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
kwēbijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
kwēbijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
kwēbijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
kwēbijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
kwēbijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
kwēbijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
kwēbijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
kwēbijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
kwēbīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
kwēbijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
kwēbīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
kwēbijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
kwēbijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
kwēbijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
kwēbijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
kwēbijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
kwēbijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
kwēbijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
kwēbidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
kwēbidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
kwēbidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
kwēbidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
kwēbidē (active indicative singular third-person)
kwēbidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
kwēbidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
kwēbidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
kwēbidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
kwēbidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
kwēbidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
kwēbidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
kwēbidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
kwēbidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
kwēbidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
kwēbidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
kwēbijandz (active participle present)
kwēbidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Old Norse: kvæfa, kœfa

Icelandic: kæfa

Faroese: køva

Norwegian: kjøva

From Proto-Indo-European *gʷeh₂bʰ- (“to dive, dive in”). Cognate with Ancient Greek βάπτω (báptō, “to dip, submerge”), Persian ژرف (žarf), and Sanskrit गभीर (gabhīra), whence Hindi गहरा (gahrā).


kwebaną

kwebō (active first-person indicative singular)
kwebaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
kwebai (first-person indicative passive singular)
kwibizi (active indicative second-person singular)
kwebaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
kweb (active imperative second-person singular)
kwebazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
kwebaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
kwibidi (active indicative singular third-person)
kwebai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
kwebadau (active imperative singular third-person)
kwebadai (indicative passive singular third-person)
kwebaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
kwebōz (active dual first-person indicative)
kwebaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
kwebadiz (active dual indicative second-person)
kwebaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
kwebadiz (active dual imperative second-person)
kwebamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
kwebaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
kwebandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
kwebaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
kwibid (active indicative plural second-person)
kwebaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
kwibid (active imperative plural second-person)
kwebandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
kwebaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
kwebandi (active indicative plural third-person)
kwebain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
kwebandau (active imperative plural third-person)
kwebandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
kwebaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
kwab (active first-person indicative singular)
kwēbį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
kwaft (active indicative second-person singular)
kwēbīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
kwab (active indicative singular third-person)
kwēbī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
kwēbū (active dual first-person indicative)
kwēbīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
kwēbudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
kwēbīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
kwēbum (active first-person indicative plural)
kwēbīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
kwēbud (active indicative plural second-person)
kwēbīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
kwēbun (active indicative plural third-person)
kwēbīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
kwebandz (active participle present)
kwebanaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *kweban
Old High German: *queban
⇒ Old High German: irqueban
Middle High German: erqueben

From Proto-Indo-European *gʷebʰ- (“to dive, dive in”).


snūtijaną

snūtijō (active first-person indicative singular)
snūtijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
snūtijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
snūtīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
snūtijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
snūtī (active imperative second-person singular)
snūtijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
snūtijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
snūtīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
snūtijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
snūtijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
snūtijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
snūtijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
snūtijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
snūtijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
snūtijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
snūtijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
snūtijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
snūtijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
snūtijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
snūtijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
snūtijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
snūtīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
snūtijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
snūtīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
snūtijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
snūtijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
snūtijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
snūtijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
snūtijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
snūtijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
snūtijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
snūtidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
snūtidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
snūtidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
snūtidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
snūtidē (active indicative singular third-person)
snūtidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
snūtidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
snūtidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
snūtidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
snūtidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
snūtidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
snūtidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
snūtidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
snūtidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
snūtidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
snūtidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
snūtijandz (active participle present)
snūtidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *snūtijan
Old English: snȳtan
Middle English: snyten, sniten
English: snite, snet
Yola: snite
Old Dutch: *snūten
Middle Dutch: snuten
Dutch: snuiten
Limburgish: snoete
Old High German: snūzen
Middle High German: sniuzen
German: schnäuzen

Old Norse: snýta

Icelandic: snýta

Norwegian:

Nynorsk: snyte

Bokmål: snyte

Swedish: snyta

Danish: snyde


gebulaz

gebulaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
gebulai (masculine nominative plural strong)
gebulō (feminine nominative singular strong)
gebulôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
gebulą (neuter nominative singular strong)
-at (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
gebulō (neuter nominative plural strong)
gebulanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
gebulanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
gebulǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
gebulōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
gebulą (accusative neuter singular strong)
-at (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
gebulō (accusative neuter plural strong)
gebulas (genitive masculine singular strong)
gebulis (genitive masculine singular strong)
gebulaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
gebulaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
gebulaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
gebulas (genitive neuter singular strong)
gebulis (genitive neuter singular strong)
gebulaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
gebulammai (dative masculine singular strong)
gebulaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
gebulaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
gebulaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
gebulammai (dative neuter singular strong)
gebulaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
gebulanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
gebulaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
gebulaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
gebulaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
gebulanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
gebulaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
gebulô (masculine nominative singular weak)
gebulaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
gebulǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
gebulōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
gebulô (neuter nominative singular weak)
gebulōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
gebulanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
gebulanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
gebulōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
gebulōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
gebulô (accusative neuter singular weak)
gebulōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
gebuliniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
gebulanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
gebulōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
gebulōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
gebuliniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
gebulanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
gebulini (dative masculine singular weak)
gebulammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
gebulōni (dative feminine singular weak)
gebulōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
gebulini (dative neuter singular weak)
gebulammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
gebulinē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
gebulammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
gebulōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
gebulōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
gebulinē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
gebulammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

Proto-West Germanic: *gebul
Old English: ġioful, ġiefol, ġifol, ġefol, ġyfol
Old High German: *gebal
⇒ Old High German: gebalīh (perhaps from *geballīh?)

Old Norse: gjǫfull

Icelandic: gjöfull


skurtāną

skurtō (active first-person indicative singular)
skurtaisi (active indicative second-person singular)
skurtai (active imperative second-person singular)
skurtāsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
skurtaiþi (active indicative singular third-person)
skurtāþau (active imperative singular third-person)
skurtāþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
skurtōs (active dual first-person indicative)
skurtāþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
skurtāþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
skurtāmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
skurtānþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
skurtaiþ (active indicative plural second-person)
skurtaiþ (active imperative plural second-person)
skurtānþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
skurtānþi (active indicative plural third-person)
skurtānþau (active imperative plural third-person)
skurtānþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
skurtadǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
skurtadēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
skurtadēz (active indicative second-person singular)
skurtadēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
skurtadē (active indicative singular third-person)
skurtadēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
skurtadēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
skurtadēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
skurtadēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
skurtadēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
skurtadēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
skurtadēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
skurtadēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
skurtadēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
skurtadēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
skurtadēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
skurtāndz (active participle present)
skurtadaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *skurtēn
Old English: scortian
Old Frisian: skorta
Old Saxon: *skortōn
Middle Low German: schorten, schörten
German Low German: schörten
Old Dutch: *scorton
Middle Dutch: schorten
Dutch: schorten

Old Norse: skorta

Faroese: skorta

Icelandic: skorta

From *skurtaz (“short, lacking”) + *-āną.


budaskapiz

budaskapiz (nominative singular)
budaskapīz (nominative plural)
budaskapi (singular vocative)
budaskapīz (plural vocative)
budaskapį (accusative singular)
budaskapinz (accusative plural)
budaskapīz (genitive singular)
budaskapjǫ̂ (genitive plural)
budaskapī (dative singular)
budaskapimaz (dative plural)
budaskapī (instrumental singular)
budaskapimiz (instrumental plural)

Proto-West Germanic: *bodaskapi
Old English: bodsċipe
Old Saxon: bodskepi
Low German: Böskupp
Old Dutch: *bodascap
Middle Dutch: bōdeschap
Dutch: boodschap
Afrikaans: boodskap
Negerhollands: boodskap, boskap
→ Caribbean Javanese: boskap
→ Sranan Tongo: boskopu
Aukan: bosikopu
Saramaccan: bosikópu
→ Lokono: boskopo
Old High German: botascaf
German: Botschaft

Old Norse: boðskapr

Icelandic: boðskapur


hauhalīkaz

hauhalīkaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
hauhalīkai (masculine nominative plural strong)
hauhalīkō (feminine nominative singular strong)
hauhalīkôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
hauhalīką (neuter nominative singular strong)
-at (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
hauhalīkō (neuter nominative plural strong)
hauhalīkanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
hauhalīkanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
hauhalīkǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
hauhalīkōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
hauhalīką (accusative neuter singular strong)
-at (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
hauhalīkō (accusative neuter plural strong)
hauhalīkas (genitive masculine singular strong)
hauhalīkis (genitive masculine singular strong)
hauhalīkaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
hauhalīkaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
hauhalīkaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
hauhalīkas (genitive neuter singular strong)
hauhalīkis (genitive neuter singular strong)
hauhalīkaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
hauhalīkammai (dative masculine singular strong)
hauhalīkaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
hauhalīkaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
hauhalīkaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
hauhalīkammai (dative neuter singular strong)
hauhalīkaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
hauhalīkanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
hauhalīkaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
hauhalīkaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
hauhalīkaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
hauhalīkanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
hauhalīkaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
hauhalīkô (masculine nominative singular weak)
hauhalīkaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
hauhalīkǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
hauhalīkōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
hauhalīkô (neuter nominative singular weak)
hauhalīkōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
hauhalīkanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
hauhalīkanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
hauhalīkōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
hauhalīkōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
hauhalīkô (accusative neuter singular weak)
hauhalīkōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
hauhalīkiniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
hauhalīkanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
hauhalīkōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
hauhalīkōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
hauhalīkiniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
hauhalīkanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
hauhalīkini (dative masculine singular weak)
hauhalīkammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
hauhalīkōni (dative feminine singular weak)
hauhalīkōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
hauhalīkini (dative neuter singular weak)
hauhalīkammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
hauhalīkinē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
hauhalīkammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
hauhalīkōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
hauhalīkōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
hauhalīkinē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
hauhalīkammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

Proto-West Germanic: *hauhalīk
Old English: hēaliċ, hēahliċ
Middle English: heighlī
Old Frisian: hâchlik, hâlik
Old High German: hōhlīh
Middle High German: hōchlich
German: höchlich (archaic)

Old Norse: háligr


rīrāną

rīrō (active first-person indicative singular)
rīraisi (active indicative second-person singular)
rīrai (active imperative second-person singular)
rīrāsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
rīraiþi (active indicative singular third-person)
rīrāþau (active imperative singular third-person)
rīrāþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
rīrōs (active dual first-person indicative)
rīrāþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
rīrāþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
rīrāmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
rīrānþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
rīraiþ (active indicative plural second-person)
rīraiþ (active imperative plural second-person)
rīrānþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
rīrānþi (active indicative plural third-person)
rīrānþau (active imperative plural third-person)
rīrānþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
rīradǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
rīradēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
rīradēz (active indicative second-person singular)
rīradēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
rīradē (active indicative singular third-person)
rīradēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
rīradēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
rīradēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
rīradēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
rīradēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
rīradēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
rīradēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
rīradēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
rīradēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
rīradēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
rīradēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
rīrāndz (active participle present)
rīradaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Gothic: 𐍂𐌴𐌹𐍂𐌰𐌽 (reiran)


hawāną

hawō (active first-person indicative singular)
hawaisi (active indicative second-person singular)
hawai (active imperative second-person singular)
hawāsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
hawaiþi (active indicative singular third-person)
hawāþau (active imperative singular third-person)
hawāþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
hawōs (active dual first-person indicative)
hawāþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
hawāþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
hawāmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
hawānþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
hawaiþ (active indicative plural second-person)
hawaiþ (active imperative plural second-person)
hawānþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
hawānþi (active indicative plural third-person)
hawānþau (active imperative plural third-person)
hawānþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
hawadǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
hawadēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
hawadēz (active indicative second-person singular)
hawadēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
hawadē (active indicative singular third-person)
hawadēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
hawadēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
hawadēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
hawadēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
hawadēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
hawadēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
hawadēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
hawadēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
hawadēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
hawadēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
hawadēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
hawāndz (active participle present)
hawadaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Old Norse: há

Icelandic: há

Norwegian: hå

From Proto-Indo-European *kew-. Cognate Lithuanian kuvḗtis (“to be ashamed”).


hawāną

Proto-West Germanic: *hawēn
Old English: hawian

Old Norse: *há

Norwegian: hå

→ Proto-Finnic: *havait'ak (see there for further descendants)

The verb could also be reconstructed as *hēwijaną, but in view of Latvian kavêt (“to prevent”), *hawāną is more likely. Also cognate with Latin caveo (“to take care, beware”).


dusāną

dusō (active first-person indicative singular)
dusaisi (active indicative second-person singular)
dusai (active imperative second-person singular)
dusāsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
dusaiþi (active indicative singular third-person)
dusāþau (active imperative singular third-person)
dusāþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
dusōs (active dual first-person indicative)
dusāþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
dusāþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
dusāmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
dusānþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
dusaiþ (active indicative plural second-person)
dusaiþ (active imperative plural second-person)
dusānþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
dusānþi (active indicative plural third-person)
dusānþau (active imperative plural third-person)
dusānþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
dusadǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
dusadēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
dusadēz (active indicative second-person singular)
dusadēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
dusadē (active indicative singular third-person)
dusadēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
dusadēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
dusadēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
dusadēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
dusadēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
dusadēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
dusadēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
dusadēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
dusadēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
dusadēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
dusadēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
dusāndz (active participle present)
dusadaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *dusēn
Old English: *dusian, *dosian (possibly from Old Norse dusa or dúsa)
Middle English: *dosen
English: doze, dose
Old Frisian: dusia
⇒ Old Frisian: dusinge
Old Saxon: *dusian, *dosian
Middle Low German: dusen, dǖsen, dosen, deusen
Low German: dösen, dussen, dusken
→ German: dösen
⇒ Middle Low German: bedǖsen
Low German: bedösen, bedussen
→ German: bedösen
⇒ Middle Low German: dǖsinge
Old High German:
Middle High German: tûzen, dôsen (the last a loan from Low German?)
⇒ Middle High German: verdôsen
⇒ German: bedützen

Old Norse: *dusa, dúsa

Icelandic: dúsa, dusa

Norwegian: duse

From Proto-Indo-European *dʰwes- (“to breathe”).


dawwāną

dawwō (active first-person indicative singular)
dawwaisi (active indicative second-person singular)
dawwai (active imperative second-person singular)
dawwāsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
dawwaiþi (active indicative singular third-person)
dawwāþau (active imperative singular third-person)
dawwāþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
dawwōs (active dual first-person indicative)
dawwāþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
dawwāþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
dawwāmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
dawwānþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
dawwaiþ (active indicative plural second-person)
dawwaiþ (active imperative plural second-person)
dawwānþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
dawwānþi (active indicative plural third-person)
dawwānþau (active imperative plural third-person)
dawwānþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
dawwadǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
dawwadēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
dawwadēz (active indicative second-person singular)
dawwadēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
dawwadē (active indicative singular third-person)
dawwadēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
dawwadēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
dawwadēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
dawwadēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
dawwadēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
dawwadēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
dawwadēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
dawwadēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
dawwadēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
dawwadēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
dawwadēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
dawwāndz (active participle present)
dawwadaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *dauwēn
Old English: *dēawian
Middle English: dewyn, dewe, dewey, dæwwenn
English: dew
Old Frisian: dauwa
Saterland Frisian: daue
Old Dutch: *douwon
Middle Dutch: douwen, dauwen
Dutch: dauwen
Old High German: touwēn
Middle High German: touwen
German: tauen

Old Norse: dǫggva
Icelandic: döggva
Norwegian Nynorsk: dogga
→ Norwegian Bokmål: dogge
Swedish: dugga
Danish: dugge
Norwegian Bokmål: dugge


mirkwijaną

mirkwijō (active first-person indicative singular)
mirkwijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
mirkwijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
mirkwīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
mirkwijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
mirkwī (active imperative second-person singular)
mirkwijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
mirkwijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
mirkwīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
mirkwijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
mirkwijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
mirkwijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
mirkwijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
mirkwijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
mirkwijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
mirkwijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
mirkwijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
mirkwijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
mirkwijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
mirkwijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
mirkwijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
mirkwijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
mirkwīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
mirkwijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
mirkwīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
mirkwijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
mirkwijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
mirkwijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
mirkwijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
mirkwijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
mirkwijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
mirkwijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
mirkwidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
mirkwidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
mirkwidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
mirkwidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
mirkwidē (active indicative singular third-person)
mirkwidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
mirkwidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
mirkwidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
mirkwidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
mirkwidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
mirkwidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
mirkwidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
mirkwidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
mirkwidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
mirkwidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
mirkwidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
mirkwijandz (active participle present)
mirkwidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Old Norse: myrkja, myrkva

Icelandic: myrkja, myrkva

Faroese: myrkja

→ Middle English: mirken

English: mirk

Scots: myrk, mirk