andasakaną

andasakō (active first-person indicative singular)
andasakaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
andasakai (first-person indicative passive singular)
andasakizi (active indicative second-person singular)
andasakaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
andasak (active imperative second-person singular)
andasakazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
andasakaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
andasakidi (active indicative singular third-person)
andasakai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
andasakadau (active imperative singular third-person)
andasakadai (indicative passive singular third-person)
andasakaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
andasakōz (active dual first-person indicative)
andasakaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
andasakadiz (active dual indicative second-person)
andasakaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
andasakadiz (active dual imperative second-person)
andasakamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
andasakaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
andasakandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
andasakaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
andasakid (active indicative plural second-person)
andasakaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
andasakid (active imperative plural second-person)
andasakandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
andasakaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
andasakandi (active indicative plural third-person)
andasakain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
andasakandau (active imperative plural third-person)
andasakandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
andasakaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
andasōk (active first-person indicative singular)
andasōkį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
andasōht (active indicative second-person singular)
andasōkīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
andasōk (active indicative singular third-person)
andasōkī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
andasōkū (active dual first-person indicative)
andasōkīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
andasōkudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
andasōkīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
andasōkum (active first-person indicative plural)
andasōkīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
andasōkud (active indicative plural second-person)
andasōkīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
andasōkun (active indicative plural third-person)
andasōkīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
andasakandz (active participle present)
andasakanaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *andasakan
Old English: onsacan
Old Saxon: andsakan

Gothic: 𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍃𐌰𐌺𐌰𐌽 (andsakan)


anahandijaz

*anahandijaz (ja-stem)

anahandijaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
anahandijai (masculine nominative plural strong)
anahandijō (feminine nominative singular strong)
anahandijôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
anahandiją (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
anahandijō (neuter nominative plural strong)
anahandijanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
anahandijanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
anahandijǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
anahandijōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
anahandiją (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
anahandijō (accusative neuter plural strong)
anahandijas (genitive masculine singular strong)
-īs (genitive masculine singular strong)
anahandijaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
anahandijaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
anahandijaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
anahandijas (genitive neuter singular strong)
-īs (genitive neuter singular strong)
anahandijaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
anahandijammai (dative masculine singular strong)
anahandijaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
anahandijaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
anahandijaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
anahandijammai (dative neuter singular strong)
anahandijaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
anahandijanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
anahandijaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
anahandijaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
anahandijaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
anahandijanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
anahandijaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
anahandijô (masculine nominative singular weak)
anahandijaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
anahandijǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
anahandijōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
anahandijô (neuter nominative singular weak)
anahandijōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
anahandijanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
anahandijanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
anahandijōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
anahandijōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
anahandijô (accusative neuter singular weak)
anahandijōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
anahandīniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
anahandijanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
anahandijōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
anahandijōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
anahandīniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
anahandijanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
anahandīni (dative masculine singular weak)
anahandijammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
anahandijōni (dative feminine singular weak)
anahandijōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
anahandīni (dative neuter singular weak)
anahandijammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
anahandīnē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
anahandijammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
anahandijōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
anahandijōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
anahandīnē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
anahandijammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

Old English: onhende

Middle English: onhende, *onhande

English: onhand, on hand

Old Norse: áhendr

Icelandic: áhendur


fiskārijaz

fiskārijaz (nominative singular)
fiskārijōz (nominative plural)
fiskārijōs (nominative plural)
fiskārī (singular vocative)
fiskārijōz (plural vocative)
fiskārijōs (plural vocative)
fiskāriją (accusative singular)
fiskārijanz (accusative plural)
fiskārijas (genitive singular)
fiskārīs (genitive singular)
fiskārijǫ̂ (genitive plural)
fiskārijai (dative singular)
fiskārijamaz (dative plural)
fiskārijō (instrumental singular)
fiskārijamiz (instrumental plural)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *fiskārī
Old English: fisċere
Middle English: fischer, fischare
English: fisher
Scots: fisher
Old Frisian: fisker
Saterland Frisian: Fisker
West Frisian: fisker
Old Saxon: fiskari
Middle Low German: viscer, visser
German Low German: Fisker, Fisser
Plautdietsch: Fescha
Old Dutch: *fiscari
Middle Dutch: visscher
Dutch: visser
Afrikaans: visser
Limburgish: vèsser
Old High German: fiscari
Middle High German: vischære, vischer
German: Fischer
Luxembourgish: Fëscher
Yiddish: פֿישער (fisher)

Old Norse: fiskari

Icelandic: fiskari

Faroese: fiskari

desc

Norwegian Nynorsk: fiskar; (dialectal) fiskari, fiskare, fiskår

Elfdalian: fistjer

Swedish: fiskare

Danish: fisker

Norwegian Bokmål: fisker

Gutnish: fiskare, fiskre


frōi

Old High German: fruo

Middle High German: vruo

German: früh

From pre-Germanic *proHi. Cognate with Ancient Greek πρῴ (prṓi).


sintīnaz

*sintīnaz (a-stem)

sintīnaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
sintīnai (masculine nominative plural strong)
sintīnō (feminine nominative singular strong)
sintīnôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
sintīną (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
sintīnō (neuter nominative plural strong)
sintīnanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
sintīnanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
sintīnǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
sintīnōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
sintīną (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
sintīnō (accusative neuter plural strong)
sintīnas (genitive masculine singular strong)
-is (genitive masculine singular strong)
sintīnaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
sintīnaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
sintīnaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
sintīnas (genitive neuter singular strong)
-is (genitive neuter singular strong)
sintīnaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
sintīnammai (dative masculine singular strong)
sintīnaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
sintīnaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
sintīnaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
sintīnammai (dative neuter singular strong)
sintīnaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
sintīnanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
sintīnaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
sintīnaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
sintīnaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
sintīnanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
sintīnaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
sintīnô (masculine nominative singular weak)
sintīnaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
sintīnǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
sintīnōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
sintīnô (neuter nominative singular weak)
sintīnōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
sintīnanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
sintīnanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
sintīnōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
sintīnōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
sintīnô (accusative neuter singular weak)
sintīnōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
sintīniniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
sintīnanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
sintīnōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
sintīnōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
sintīniniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
sintīnanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
sintīnini (dative masculine singular weak)
sintīnammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
sintīnōni (dative feminine singular weak)
sintīnōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
sintīnini (dative neuter singular weak)
sintīnammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
sintīninē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
sintīnammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
sintīnōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
sintīnōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
sintīninē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
sintīnammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

Gothic: 𐍃𐌹𐌽𐍄𐌴𐌹𐌽𐍃 (sinteins)


-ulaz

-ulaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
-ulai (masculine nominative plural strong)
-ulō (feminine nominative singular strong)
-ulôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
-ulą (neuter nominative singular strong)
-at (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
-ulō (neuter nominative plural strong)
-ulanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
-ulanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
-ulǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
-ulōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
-ulą (accusative neuter singular strong)
-at (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
-ulō (accusative neuter plural strong)
-ulas (genitive masculine singular strong)
-ulis (genitive masculine singular strong)
-ulaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
-ulaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
-ulaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
-ulas (genitive neuter singular strong)
-ulis (genitive neuter singular strong)
-ulaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
-ulammai (dative masculine singular strong)
-ulaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
-ulaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
-ulaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
-ulammai (dative neuter singular strong)
-ulaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
-ulanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
-ulaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
-ulaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
-ulaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
-ulanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
-ulaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
-ulô (masculine nominative singular weak)
-ulaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
-ulǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
-ulōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
-ulô (neuter nominative singular weak)
-ulōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
-ulanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
-ulanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
-ulōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
-ulōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
-ulô (accusative neuter singular weak)
-ulōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
-uliniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
-ulanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
-ulōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
-ulōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
-uliniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
-ulanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
-ulini (dative masculine singular weak)
-ulammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
-ulōni (dative feminine singular weak)
-ulōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
-ulini (dative neuter singular weak)
-ulammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
-ulinē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
-ulammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
-ulōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
-ulōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
-ulinē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
-ulammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

Old English: -ol

Middle English: -el

English: -le

Old Norse: -ull

Gothic: -𐌿𐌻𐍃 (-uls)

From pre-Germanic *-(V)los. Presumably the *-u- is anaptyctic or was carried over from the non-singular past indicative stem. Compare Latin -ulus in tremulus (“trembling”), crēdulus (“believing”).

Forms adjectives from verbs meaning “doing” or “pertaining to doing” the verb.


bistandaną

bistandō (active first-person indicative singular)
bistandaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
bistandai (first-person indicative passive singular)
bistandizi (active indicative second-person singular)
bistandaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
bistand (active imperative second-person singular)
bistandazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
bistandaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
bistandidi (active indicative singular third-person)
bistandai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
bistandadau (active imperative singular third-person)
bistandadai (indicative passive singular third-person)
bistandaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
bistandōz (active dual first-person indicative)
bistandaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
bistandadiz (active dual indicative second-person)
bistandaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
bistandadiz (active dual imperative second-person)
bistandamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
bistandaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
bistandandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
bistandaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
bistandid (active indicative plural second-person)
bistandaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
bistandid (active imperative plural second-person)
bistandandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
bistandaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
bistandandi (active indicative plural third-person)
bistandain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
bistandandau (active imperative plural third-person)
bistandandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
bistandaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
bistōþ (active first-person indicative singular)
bistōdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
bistōst (active indicative second-person singular)
bistōdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
bistōþ (active indicative singular third-person)
bistōdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
bistōdū (active dual first-person indicative)
bistōdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
bistōdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
bistōdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
bistōdum (active first-person indicative plural)
bistōdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
bistōdud (active indicative plural second-person)
bistōdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
bistōdun (active indicative plural third-person)
bistōdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
bistandandz (active participle present)
bistadanaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Old English: bestandan

Middle English: bestanden, bistanden

English: bestand

Old Saxon: *bistandan

Middle Low German: bestanden

Old Dutch: *bistandan

Middle Dutch: bestanden

Old High German: bistantan

Middle High German: bestanden (ppt/adj)

German: bestanden (ppt/adj)

Gothic: 𐌱𐌹𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌽 (bistandan)


biskīnaną

biskīnō (active first-person indicative singular)
biskīnaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
biskīnai (first-person indicative passive singular)
biskīnizi (active indicative second-person singular)
biskīnaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
biskīn (active imperative second-person singular)
biskīnazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
biskīnaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
biskīnidi (active indicative singular third-person)
biskīnai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
biskīnadau (active imperative singular third-person)
biskīnadai (indicative passive singular third-person)
biskīnaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
biskīnōz (active dual first-person indicative)
biskīnaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
biskīnadiz (active dual indicative second-person)
biskīnaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
biskīnadiz (active dual imperative second-person)
biskīnamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
biskīnaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
biskīnandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
biskīnaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
biskīnid (active indicative plural second-person)
biskīnaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
biskīnid (active imperative plural second-person)
biskīnandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
biskīnaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
biskīnandi (active indicative plural third-person)
biskīnain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
biskīnandau (active imperative plural third-person)
biskīnandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
biskīnaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
biskain (active first-person indicative singular)
biskinį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
biskaint (active indicative second-person singular)
biskinīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
biskain (active indicative singular third-person)
biskinī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
biskinū (active dual first-person indicative)
biskinīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
biskinudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
biskinīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
biskinum (active first-person indicative plural)
biskinīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
biskinud (active indicative plural second-person)
biskinīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
biskinun (active indicative plural third-person)
biskinīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
biskīnandz (active participle present)
biskinanaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *biskīnan
Old English: besċīnan
Middle English: beschinen, beshinen
English: beshine
Old Frisian: biskīna
Saterland Frisian: beskiene
West Frisian: beskine
Old Saxon: *biskīnan
Middle Low German: beschînen
German Low German: beschienen
Plautdietsch: beschienen
Old Dutch: *biskīnan
Middle Dutch: beschinen
Dutch: beschijnen
Old High German: biskīnan
Middle High German: beschīnen
German: bescheinen

Gothic: 𐌱𐌹𐍃𐌺𐌴𐌹𐌽𐌰𐌽 (biskeinan)


skankijaną

skankijō (active first-person indicative singular)
skankijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
skankijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
skankīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
skankijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
skankī (active imperative second-person singular)
skankijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
skankijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
skankīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
skankijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
skankijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
skankijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
skankijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
skankijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
skankijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
skankijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
skankijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
skankijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
skankijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
skankijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
skankijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
skankijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
skankīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
skankijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
skankīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
skankijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
skankijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
skankijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
skankijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
skankijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
skankijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
skankijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
skankidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
skankidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
skankidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
skankidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
skankidē (active indicative singular third-person)
skankidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
skankidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
skankidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
skankidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
skankidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
skankidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
skankidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
skankidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
skankidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
skankidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
skankidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
skankijandz (active participle present)
skankidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *skankijan
Old English: sċenċan
Middle English: schenken, schenchen
English: shink, skink
Scots: skink
Old Frisian: skenka
Saterland Frisian: schoanke, skoanke
West Frisian: skinke
Old Saxon: skenkian
Middle Low German: schenken
German Low German: schenken
Plautdietsch: schenkjen
→ Old Norse: skenkja (“to pour (drink)”)
Icelandic: skenkja (“to pour (drink); to give”)
Faroese: skeinkja (“to pour (drink); to serve wine; to give”)
Norwegian Nynorsk: skjenkja, skjenkje, skjenka, skjenke (“to pour (drink); to serve (alcohol); to bestow”)
Norwegian Bokmål: skjenke
→ Old Swedish: skænkia
Swedish: skänka
→ Elfdalian: stşaintşa
→ Old Danish: skænkæ
Danish: skænke
→ Gutnish: skänke, skänk', skänka
Old Dutch: skenken
Middle Dutch: schenken
Dutch: schenken
Old High German: scenken
Middle High German: schenken
German: schenken
Hunsrik: schenke
Yiddish: שענקען (shenken)

desc

Old Norse: skekkja (“to skew; displace”)

Icelandic: skekkja (“to skew; (poetic) to pour (drink)”)


gahugdiz

gahugdiz (nominative singular)
gahugdīz (nominative plural)
gahugdi (singular vocative)
gahugdīz (plural vocative)
gahugdį (accusative singular)
gahugdinz (accusative plural)
gahugdīz (genitive singular)
gahugdijǫ̂ (genitive plural)
gahugdī (dative singular)
gahugdimaz (dative plural)
gahugdī (instrumental singular)
gahugdimiz (instrumental plural)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *gahugdi
Old English: ġehyġd
Old Saxon: gihugd
Middle Low German: gehügede; gehüchte
Old Dutch: *gihugd
⇒ Old Dutch: gihugdig
Old High German: gihugt
Middle High German: gehuct, gehuht

Gothic: 𐌲𐌰𐌷𐌿𐌲𐌳𐍃 (gahugds)


biwindaną

biwindō (active first-person indicative singular)
biwindaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
biwindai (first-person indicative passive singular)
biwindizi (active indicative second-person singular)
biwindaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
biwind (active imperative second-person singular)
biwindazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
biwindaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
biwindidi (active indicative singular third-person)
biwindai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
biwindadau (active imperative singular third-person)
biwindadai (indicative passive singular third-person)
biwindaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
biwindōz (active dual first-person indicative)
biwindaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
biwindadiz (active dual indicative second-person)
biwindaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
biwindadiz (active dual imperative second-person)
biwindamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
biwindaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
biwindandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
biwindaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
biwindid (active indicative plural second-person)
biwindaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
biwindid (active imperative plural second-person)
biwindandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
biwindaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
biwindandi (active indicative plural third-person)
biwindain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
biwindandau (active imperative plural third-person)
biwindandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
biwindaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
biwand (active first-person indicative singular)
biwundį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
biwanst (active indicative second-person singular)
biwundīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
biwand (active indicative singular third-person)
biwundī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
biwundū (active dual first-person indicative)
biwundīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
biwundudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
biwundīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
biwundum (active first-person indicative plural)
biwundīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
biwundud (active indicative plural second-person)
biwundīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
biwundun (active indicative plural third-person)
biwundīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
biwindandz (active participle present)
biwundanaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Old English: bewindan

Middle English: bewinden, biwinden

English: bewind

Old Saxon: biwindan

Middle Low German: bewinden

Old Dutch:

Middle Dutch: bewinden

Dutch: bewinden

Old High German: biwintan

Middle High German: bewinden

German: bewinden

Gothic: 𐌱𐌹𐍅𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌽 (biwindan)


ahtaz

*ahtaz (a-stem)

ahtaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
ahtai (masculine nominative plural strong)
ahtō (feminine nominative singular strong)
ahtôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
ahtą (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
ahtō (neuter nominative plural strong)
ahtanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
ahtanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
ahtǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
ahtōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
ahtą (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
ahtō (accusative neuter plural strong)
ahtas (genitive masculine singular strong)
-is (genitive masculine singular strong)
ahtaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
ahtaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
ahtaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
ahtas (genitive neuter singular strong)
-is (genitive neuter singular strong)
ahtaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
ahtammai (dative masculine singular strong)
ahtaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
ahtaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
ahtaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
ahtammai (dative neuter singular strong)
ahtaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
ahtanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
ahtaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
ahtaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
ahtaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
ahtanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
ahtaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
ahtô (masculine nominative singular weak)
ahtaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
ahtǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
ahtōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
ahtô (neuter nominative singular weak)
ahtōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
ahtanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
ahtanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
ahtōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
ahtōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
ahtô (accusative neuter singular weak)
ahtōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
ahtiniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
ahtanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
ahtōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
ahtōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
ahtiniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
ahtanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
ahtini (dative masculine singular weak)
ahtammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
ahtōni (dative feminine singular weak)
ahtōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
ahtini (dative neuter singular weak)
ahtammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
ahtinē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
ahtammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
ahtōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
ahtōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
ahtinē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
ahtammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)


afti

Old English: eft

Old Frisian: eft

Old Saxon: eft

From resegmentation of *af-ter as *aft-er + allative/goal marker *-i as in *furi.


aftai

Gothic: 𐌰𐍆𐍄𐌰 (afta)

From resegmentation of *af-ter as *aft-er + dative/locative marker *-ai, compare *furai.


aferą

Old Saxon: avur, *aver

Middle Low German: āver, ōver, ēver

German Low German: aver

desc

Old High German: aber, aver, abur, avur, afur

Middle High German: aber, aver, afer

German: aber

→ German Low German: aber

→ Norwegian Bokmål: aber

→ Saterland Frisian: oaber

Old Norse: aur- (prefix)

⇒ Old Norse: aurfalr

Gothic: 𐌰𐍆𐌰𐍂 (afar)

From pre-Germanic *h₂ép-erom, accusative/allative to an adjective *h₂ép-eros, compare Sanskrit अपर (apara, “posterior, later; following”) and अपरम् (aparam).


aftanē

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *aftanā
Old English: æftan

Old Norse: aptan

Icelandic: aftan

Faroese: aftan

Gothic: 𐌰𐍆𐍄𐌰𐌽𐌰 (aftana)

/ˈɑɸ.tɑ.nɛː/

From resegmentation of *af-ter as *aft-er + *-anē.


rafjaną

rafjō (active first-person indicative singular)
rafjaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
rafjai (first-person indicative passive singular)
rafisi (active indicative second-person singular)
rafjais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
rafi (active imperative second-person singular)
rafjasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
rafjaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
rafiþi (active indicative singular third-person)
rafjai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
rafjaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
rafjaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
rafjaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
rafjōs (active dual first-person indicative)
rafjaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
rafjaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
rafjaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
rafjaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
rafjamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
rafjaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
rafjanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
rafjainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
rafiþ (active indicative plural second-person)
rafjaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
rafiþ (active imperative plural second-person)
rafjanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
rafjainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
rafjanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
rafjain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
rafjanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
rafjanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
rafjainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
rōf (active first-person indicative singular)
rōbį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
rōft (active indicative second-person singular)
rōbīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
rōf (active indicative singular third-person)
rōbī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
rōbū (active dual first-person indicative)
rōbīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
rōbudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
rōbīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
rōbum (active first-person indicative plural)
rōbīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
rōbud (active indicative plural second-person)
rōbīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
rōbun (active indicative plural third-person)
rōbīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
rafjandz (active participle present)
rabanaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Old English: *rafan

⇒ Old English: *berafan (attested once as berōfon)

Likely from pre-Germanic *h₁rh̥́₁p-(y)e-, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁reh₁p-.


linwaz

*linwaz (a-stem)

linwaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
linwai (masculine nominative plural strong)
linwō (feminine nominative singular strong)
linwôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
linwą (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
linwō (neuter nominative plural strong)
linwanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
linwanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
linwǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
linwōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
linwą (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
linwō (accusative neuter plural strong)
linwas (genitive masculine singular strong)
-is (genitive masculine singular strong)
linwaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
linwaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
linwaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
linwas (genitive neuter singular strong)
-is (genitive neuter singular strong)
linwaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
linwammai (dative masculine singular strong)
linwaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
linwaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
linwaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
linwammai (dative neuter singular strong)
linwaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
linwanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
linwaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
linwaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
linwaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
linwanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
linwaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
linwô (masculine nominative singular weak)
linwaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
linwǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
linwōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
linwô (neuter nominative singular weak)
linwōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
linwanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
linwanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
linwōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
linwōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
linwô (accusative neuter singular weak)
linwōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
linwiniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
linwanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
linwōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
linwōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
linwiniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
linwanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
linwini (dative masculine singular weak)
linwammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
linwōni (dative feminine singular weak)
linwōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
linwini (dative neuter singular weak)
linwammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
linwinē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
linwammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
linwōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
linwōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
linwinē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
linwammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

Proto-West Germanic: *linu

⇒? Saterland Frisian: líenig (appears in modern times)

⇒? West Frisian: linich (appears in modern times)

⇒? Low German: lenig, länig (appears in modern times)

→ German: lehnig

⇒? Dutch: lenig (appears in modern times)

Afrikaans: lenig

Old High German: len

Middle High German: lin (genitive linwes)

Old Norse: linr

Icelandic: linur

Faroese: linur

Old Danish: lind

Elfdalian: lin

From Proto-Indo-European *leyh₂- (“to decrease, dwindle; lean, slim”).


skuwwô

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *skūwō
Old English: sċūwa, sċūa
Old High German: skūwo, skūo

Old Norse: skuggi

Icelandic: skuggi

Faroese: skuggi

Norwegian Nynorsk: skugge

Swedish: skugga

Danish: skygge

⇒ Norwegian Bokmål: skygge

Elfdalian: skugge

Gutnish: skugge, skugg'

Gothic: 𐍃𐌺𐌿𐌲𐌲𐍅𐌰 (skuggwa)

→ Proto-Finnic: *kuva (“image”)

Finnish: kuva

Ingrian: kuva

Karelian:

North Karelian: kuva

Veps: kuva

From Proto-Indo-European *(s)ḱeh₃w-ō ~ *(s)ḱuh₃-nés (“(one's) shadow, reflection”), from *(s)ḱeh₃w- (“shadow”) + *-ō. Alternatively from or influenced in meaning by Proto-Indo-European *(s)kewh₁- (“to perceive, observe”).


fralētaną

fralētō (active first-person indicative singular)
fralētaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
fralētai (first-person indicative passive singular)
fralētizi (active indicative second-person singular)
fralētaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
fralēt (active imperative second-person singular)
fralētazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
fralētaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
fralētidi (active indicative singular third-person)
fralētai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
fralētadau (active imperative singular third-person)
fralētadai (indicative passive singular third-person)
fralētaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
fralētōz (active dual first-person indicative)
fralētaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
fralētadiz (active dual indicative second-person)
fralētaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
fralētadiz (active dual imperative second-person)
fralētamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
fralētaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
fralētandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
fralētaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
fralētid (active indicative plural second-person)
fralētaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
fralētid (active imperative plural second-person)
fralētandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
fralētaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
fralētandi (active indicative plural third-person)
fralētain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
fralētandau (active imperative plural third-person)
fralētandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
fralētaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
fralelōt (active first-person indicative singular)
fralelōtį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
fralelōst (active indicative second-person singular)
fralelōtīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
fralelōt (active indicative singular third-person)
fralelōtī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
fralelōtū (active dual first-person indicative)
fralelōtīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
fralelōtudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
fralelōtīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
fralelōtum (active first-person indicative plural)
fralelōtīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
fralelōtud (active indicative plural second-person)
fralelōtīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
fralelōtun (active indicative plural third-person)
fralelōtīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
fralētandz (active participle present)
fralētanaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *fralātan

Old English: forlǣtan

Middle English: forleten

Scots: forleet

English: forlet

Old Frisian:

Saterland Frisian: ferläite

West Frisian: forlitte

Old Saxon: farlātan

Middle Low German: vorlaten

→ Danish: forlade

→ Norwegian: forlate

→ Old Swedish: forlata

Swedish: förlåta

desctree

Old Dutch: farlātan
Middle Dutch: verlâten
Dutch: verlaten
Afrikaans: verlaat
Berbice Creole Dutch: lahan, lasan
Negerhollands: verlaat, verlaet

Old High German: firlāzzan, farlāzan

Middle High German: verlāzzen, verlāzen

Alemannic German: verlaa

Bavarian: verlåssn

desc

Cimbrian: vorlassan, borlassan (Mezzaselva)

German: verlassen

Gothic: 𐍆𐍂𐌰𐌻𐌴𐍄𐌰𐌽 (fralētan)

/ˈɸrɑ.ˌlɛː.tɑ.nɑ̃/


slīpaną

slīpō (active first-person indicative singular)
slīpaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
slīpai (first-person indicative passive singular)
slīpizi (active indicative second-person singular)
slīpaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
slīp (active imperative second-person singular)
slīpazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
slīpaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
slīpidi (active indicative singular third-person)
slīpai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
slīpadau (active imperative singular third-person)
slīpadai (indicative passive singular third-person)
slīpaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
slīpōz (active dual first-person indicative)
slīpaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
slīpadiz (active dual indicative second-person)
slīpaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
slīpadiz (active dual imperative second-person)
slīpamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
slīpaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
slīpandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
slīpaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
slīpid (active indicative plural second-person)
slīpaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
slīpid (active imperative plural second-person)
slīpandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
slīpaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
slīpandi (active indicative plural third-person)
slīpain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
slīpandau (active imperative plural third-person)
slīpandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
slīpaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
slaip (active first-person indicative singular)
slipį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
slaift (active indicative second-person singular)
slipīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
slaip (active indicative singular third-person)
slipī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
slipū (active dual first-person indicative)
slipīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
slipudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
slipīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
slipum (active first-person indicative plural)
slipīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
slipud (active indicative plural second-person)
slipīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
slipun (active indicative plural third-person)
slipīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
slīpandz (active participle present)
slipanaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *slīpan
Old Frisian: slīpa
West Frisian: slypje
Old Saxon: *slīpan
Middle Low German: slîpen
Low German: sliepen
→ Swedish: slipa
→ Finnish: liipata
Old Dutch: *slīpan
Middle Dutch: slipen
Dutch: slijpen
Afrikaans: slyp
Limburgish: sliepe
Old High German: slīfan
German: schleifen

From Proto-Indo-European *sley- (“smooth; slick; sticky; slimy”). Cognate with Cornish lym, Ancient Greek ὀλιβρός (olibrós, “smooth”), Latin limax.


unmagô

unmagô (nominative singular)
unmaganiz (nominative plural)
unmagô (singular vocative)
unmaganiz (plural vocative)
unmaganų (accusative singular)
unmaganunz (accusative plural)
unmaginiz (genitive singular)
unmaganǫ̂ (genitive plural)
unmagini (dative singular)
unmagammaz (dative plural)
unmaginē (instrumental singular)
unmagammiz (instrumental plural)

desctree

Old Norse: úmagi
Norwegian Nynorsk: umage

From *un- (“un-”) + a derivative of *maganą (“be able, may”), from Proto-Indo-European *megʰ-.

(North Germanic) dependent / dependant (person who depends on another for support, i.e. cannot live independently)


audagaz

*audagaz (a-stem)

audagaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
audagai (masculine nominative plural strong)
audagō (feminine nominative singular strong)
audagôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
audagą (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
audagō (neuter nominative plural strong)
audaganǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
audaganz (accusative masculine plural strong)
audagǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
audagōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
audagą (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
audagō (accusative neuter plural strong)
audagas (genitive masculine singular strong)
-is (genitive masculine singular strong)
audagaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
audagaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
audagaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
audagas (genitive neuter singular strong)
-is (genitive neuter singular strong)
audagaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
audagammai (dative masculine singular strong)
audagaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
audagaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
audagaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
audagammai (dative neuter singular strong)
audagaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
audaganō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
audagaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
audagaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
audagaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
audaganō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
audagaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
audagô (masculine nominative singular weak)
audaganiz (masculine nominative plural weak)
audagǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
audagōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
audagô (neuter nominative singular weak)
audagōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
audaganų (accusative masculine singular weak)
audaganunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
audagōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
audagōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
audagô (accusative neuter singular weak)
audagōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
audaginiz (genitive masculine singular weak)
audaganǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
audagōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
audagōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
audaginiz (genitive neuter singular weak)
audaganǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
audagini (dative masculine singular weak)
audagammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
audagōni (dative feminine singular weak)
audagōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
audagini (dative neuter singular weak)
audagammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
audaginē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
audagammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
audagōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
audagōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
audaginē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
audagammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

Proto-West Germanic: *audag
Old English: ēadiġ, ēadeġ
Old Saxon: ōdag
Old High German: ōtag

Old Norse: auðigr
Icelandic: auðugur

Gothic: 𐌰𐌿𐌳𐌰𐌲𐍃 (audags)

→ Proto-Finnic: *autugas (see there for further descendants)


staldaną

staldō (active first-person indicative singular)
staldaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
staldai (first-person indicative passive singular)
staldizi (active indicative second-person singular)
staldaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
stald (active imperative second-person singular)
staldazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
staldaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
staldidi (active indicative singular third-person)
staldai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
staldadau (active imperative singular third-person)
staldadai (indicative passive singular third-person)
staldaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
staldōz (active dual first-person indicative)
staldaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
staldadiz (active dual indicative second-person)
staldaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
staldadiz (active dual imperative second-person)
staldamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
staldaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
staldandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
staldaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
staldid (active indicative plural second-person)
staldaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
staldid (active imperative plural second-person)
staldandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
staldaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
staldandi (active indicative plural third-person)
staldain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
staldandau (active imperative plural third-person)
staldandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
staldaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
stestald (active first-person indicative singular)
stestaldį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
stestalst (active indicative second-person singular)
stestaldīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
stestald (active indicative singular third-person)
stestaldī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
stestaldū (active dual first-person indicative)
stestaldīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
stestaldudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
stestaldīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
stestaldum (active first-person indicative plural)
stestaldīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
stestaldud (active indicative plural second-person)
stestaldīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
stestaldun (active indicative plural third-person)
stestaldīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
staldandz (active participle present)
staldanaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Old English: stealdan

Gothic: *𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌻𐌳𐌰𐌽 (*staldan) (in 𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌻𐌳𐌰𐌽 (andstaldan), 𐌲𐌰𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌻𐌳𐌰𐌽 (gastaldan))

From Proto-Indo-European *stel- (“to locate, put in place”), see also Latin stultus, Latvian stulms.


hneudaną

hneudō (active first-person indicative singular)
hneudaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
hneudai (first-person indicative passive singular)
hniudizi (active indicative second-person singular)
hneudaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
hneud (active imperative second-person singular)
hneudazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
hneudaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
hniudidi (active indicative singular third-person)
hneudai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
hneudadau (active imperative singular third-person)
hneudadai (indicative passive singular third-person)
hneudaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
hneudōz (active dual first-person indicative)
hneudaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
hneudadiz (active dual indicative second-person)
hneudaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
hneudadiz (active dual imperative second-person)
hneudamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
hneudaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
hneudandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
hneudaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
hniudid (active indicative plural second-person)
hneudaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
hniudid (active imperative plural second-person)
hneudandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
hneudaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
hneudandi (active indicative plural third-person)
hneudain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
hneudandau (active imperative plural third-person)
hneudandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
hneudaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
hnaud (active first-person indicative singular)
hnudį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
hnaust (active indicative second-person singular)
hnudīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
hnaud (active indicative singular third-person)
hnudī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
hnudū (active dual first-person indicative)
hnudīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
hnududiz (active dual indicative second-person)
hnudīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
hnudum (active first-person indicative plural)
hnudīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
hnudud (active indicative plural second-person)
hnudīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
hnudun (active indicative plural third-person)
hnudīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
hneudandz (active participle present)
hnudanaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *hneudan
Old Saxon: *hniodan
Middle Low German: nêden
Old Dutch: *niedan
Middle Dutch: nieden
Old High German: *hniotan, *niotan
Middle High German: nieten
German: nieten
→ Swedish: nita
⇒ Old High German: bihniotan

Old Norse: hnjóða

Icelandic: hnjóða

Compare *knudaną (“to rivet, knead”), source of Old Norse hnoða (“to rivet”). Also compared to Ancient Greek κνύθος (knúthos, “small thorn”), but Kroonen finds this semantically unconvincing.


teuną

teuną (nominative singular)
teunō (nominative plural)
teuną (singular vocative)
teunō (plural vocative)
teuną (accusative singular)
teunō (accusative plural)
teunas (genitive singular)
tiunis (genitive singular)
teunǫ̂ (genitive plural)
teunai (dative singular)
teunamaz (dative plural)
teunō (instrumental singular)
teunamiz (instrumental plural)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *teun
Old English: tēon
⇒? Old English: tēona, tēone (or from *teunō)
Middle English: tene
English: teen
Scots: tene, teyne
Old Saxon: *tion
⇒? Old Saxon: tiono (or from *teunō)

q

or from <i class="Latn mention" lang="gem-pro">*teunô</i>

Old Norse: tjón (or from *teunô)

Icelandic: tjón

Norwegian Nynorsk: tjon

Swedish: tyn (dialectal)

Uncertain. Perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *dū- (“to torment, vex”) or from Proto-Indo-European *dāw- (“to burn”).


tiunijaną

tiunijō (active first-person indicative singular)
tiunijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
tiunijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
tiunīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
tiunijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
tiunī (active imperative second-person singular)
tiunijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
tiunijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
tiunīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
tiunijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
tiunijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
tiunijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
tiunijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
tiunijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
tiunijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
tiunijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
tiunijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
tiunijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
tiunijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
tiunijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
tiunijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
tiunijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
tiunīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
tiunijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
tiunīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
tiunijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
tiunijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
tiunijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
tiunijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
tiunijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
tiunijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
tiunijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
tiunidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
tiunidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
tiunidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
tiunidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
tiunidē (active indicative singular third-person)
tiunidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
tiunidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
tiunidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
tiunidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
tiunidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
tiunidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
tiunidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
tiunidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
tiunidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
tiunidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
tiunidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
tiunijandz (active participle present)
tiunidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *tiunijan
Old English: tēonian, tīenan, tȳnan
Middle English: tenen, tinen (merged with Old English tēonian and Old Norse týna)
English: teen, tine
Scots: tyne
Old Frisian: tiūna, tiōna
West Frisian: tsjoene (“to hex, enchant, bewitch; to cast a spell”)
Old Saxon: *tiunian
⇒ Old Saxon: gitiunian

Old Norse: týna

Icelandic: týna

Faroese: týna

Norwegian Nynorsk: tyne

Norwegian Bokmål: tyne

Swedish: tyna

Danish: tyne

From *teuną (“ruin, lack, damage”) + *-janą.


spurô

spurô (nominative singular)
spuraniz (nominative plural)
spurô (singular vocative)
spuraniz (plural vocative)
spuranų (accusative singular)
spuranunz (accusative plural)
spuriniz (genitive singular)
spuranǫ̂ (genitive plural)
spurini (dative singular)
spurammaz (dative plural)
spurinē (instrumental singular)
spurammiz (instrumental plural)

Proto-West Germanic: *spurō
Old English: spura, spora
Middle English: spore, spor, spure, spwre, spuyre, spurre, spur, spoure, spourre, spowrre, spoor, sporre
English: spur
Scots: spur
Yola: spourr
Old Frisian: *spora
Saterland Frisian: Spoor
West Frisian: spoar
Old Saxon: sporo
Middle Low German: spōre, spāre
Low German: Spar
Old Dutch: *sporo; *spora
Middle Dutch: spōre
Dutch: spoor
Afrikaans: spoor
Old High German: sporo
Middle High German: spore
German: Sporn
→ Vulgar Latin: *sporo
Catalan: esperó
Old French: esperun
Middle French: esperon
French: éperon
Galician: esporón
Italian: sprone
Occitan: esporon

Old Norse: spori

Icelandic: spori

Faroese: spori

Norwegian: spore

Swedish: sporre

Danish: spore

Gothic: *𐍃𐍀𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌰 (*spaura)

→ Galician: espora

→ Portuguese: espora

→ Spanish: espuela

⇒ Spanish: espolón

From Proto-Indo-European *sperH- (“to twitch, push, fidget, be quick”).


fehugernaz

*fehugernaz (a-stem)

fehugernaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
fehugernai (masculine nominative plural strong)
fehugernō (feminine nominative singular strong)
fehugernôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
fehugerną (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
fehugernō (neuter nominative plural strong)
fehugernanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
fehugernanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
fehugernǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
fehugernōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
fehugerną (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
fehugernō (accusative neuter plural strong)
fehugernas (genitive masculine singular strong)
-is (genitive masculine singular strong)
fehugernaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
fehugernaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
fehugernaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
fehugernas (genitive neuter singular strong)
-is (genitive neuter singular strong)
fehugernaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
fehugernammai (dative masculine singular strong)
fehugernaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
fehugernaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
fehugernaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
fehugernammai (dative neuter singular strong)
fehugernaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
fehugernanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
fehugernaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
fehugernaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
fehugernaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
fehugernanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
fehugernaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
fehugernô (masculine nominative singular weak)
fehugernaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
fehugernǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
fehugernōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
fehugernô (neuter nominative singular weak)
fehugernōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
fehugernanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
fehugernanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
fehugernōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
fehugernōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
fehugernô (accusative neuter singular weak)
fehugernōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
fehugerniniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
fehugernanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
fehugernōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
fehugernōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
fehugerniniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
fehugernanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
fehugernini (dative masculine singular weak)
fehugernammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
fehugernōni (dative feminine singular weak)
fehugernōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
fehugernini (dative neuter singular weak)
fehugernammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
fehugerninē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
fehugernammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
fehugernōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
fehugernōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
fehugerninē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
fehugernammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

Old English: feohġeorn

Old Norse: fégjarn

Icelandic: fégjarn

Gothic: 𐍆𐌰𐌹𐌷𐌿𐌲𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌽𐍃 (faihugairns)


hrōpijaną

hrōpijō (active first-person indicative singular)
hrōpijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
hrōpijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
hrōpīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
hrōpijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
hrōpī (active imperative second-person singular)
hrōpijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
hrōpijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
hrōpīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
hrōpijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
hrōpijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
hrōpijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
hrōpijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
hrōpijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
hrōpijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
hrōpijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
hrōpijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
hrōpijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
hrōpijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
hrōpijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
hrōpijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
hrōpijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
hrōpīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
hrōpijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
hrōpīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
hrōpijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
hrōpijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
hrōpijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
hrōpijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
hrōpijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
hrōpijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
hrōpijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
hrōpidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
hrōpidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
hrōpidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
hrōpidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
hrōpidē (active indicative singular third-person)
hrōpidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
hrōpidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
hrōpidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
hrōpidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
hrōpidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
hrōpidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
hrōpidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
hrōpidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
hrōpidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
hrōpidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
hrōpidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
hrōpijandz (active participle present)
hrōpidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *hrōpijan
Old English: hrēpan
Old Saxon: *hrōpian
⇒ Old Saxon: *gihrōpian
⇒ Old Saxon: gihrōpidi
Old High German: *hruofen, ruofen
Middle High German: rüefen

Old Norse: hrœpa

Danish: røbe

Gothic: 𐌷𐍂𐍉𐍀𐌾𐌰𐌽 (hrōpjan)


fehufangą

fehufangą (nominative singular)
fehufangō (nominative plural)
fehufangą (singular vocative)
fehufangō (plural vocative)
fehufangą (accusative singular)
fehufangō (accusative plural)
fehufangas (genitive singular)
fehufangis (genitive singular)
fehufangǫ̂ (genitive plural)
fehufangai (dative singular)
fehufangamaz (dative plural)
fehufangō (instrumental singular)
fehufangamiz (instrumental plural)

Old English: feohfang

Old Norse: féfang

Icelandic: féfang

/ˈɸe.xu.ˌɸɑŋ.ɡɑ̃/


friþulandą

friþulandą (nominative singular)
friþulandō (nominative plural)
friþulandą (singular vocative)
friþulandō (plural vocative)
friþulandą (accusative singular)
friþulandō (accusative plural)
friþulandas (genitive singular)
friþulandis (genitive singular)
friþulandǫ̂ (genitive plural)
friþulandai (dative singular)
friþulandamaz (dative plural)
friþulandō (instrumental singular)
friþulandamiz (instrumental plural)

Old English: friþland

Old Norse: friðland

Icelandic: friðland

friendly land, country with which one is at peace


frīdijaną

frīdijō (active first-person indicative singular)
frīdijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
frīdijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
frīdīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
frīdijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
frīdī (active imperative second-person singular)
frīdijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
frīdijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
frīdīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
frīdijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
frīdijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
frīdijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
frīdijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
frīdijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
frīdijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
frīdijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
frīdijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
frīdijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
frīdijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
frīdijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
frīdijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
frīdijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
frīdīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
frīdijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
frīdīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
frīdijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
frīdijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
frīdijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
frīdijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
frīdijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
frīdijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
frīdijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
frīdidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
frīdidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
frīdidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
frīdidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
frīdidē (active indicative singular third-person)
frīdidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
frīdidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
frīdidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
frīdidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
frīdidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
frīdidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
frīdidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
frīdidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
frīdidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
frīdidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
frīdidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
frīdijandz (active participle present)
frīdidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *frīdijan
Old High German: frīten

Old Norse: fríða

Icelandic: fríða

Norwegian Nynorsk: freda

Norwegian Bokmål: frede

Gothic: 𐍆𐍂𐌴𐌹𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌽 (freidjan)

From *frīdaz (“beloved; beautiful”) + *-janą.

(older sense) to make beloved, take care of


spannaną

spannō (active first-person indicative singular)
spannaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
spannai (first-person indicative passive singular)
spannizi (active indicative second-person singular)
spannaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
spann (active imperative second-person singular)
spannazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
spannaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
spannidi (active indicative singular third-person)
spannai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
spannadau (active imperative singular third-person)
spannadai (indicative passive singular third-person)
spannaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
spannōz (active dual first-person indicative)
spannaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
spannadiz (active dual indicative second-person)
spannaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
spannadiz (active dual imperative second-person)
spannamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
spannaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
spannandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
spannaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
spannid (active indicative plural second-person)
spannaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
spannid (active imperative plural second-person)
spannandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
spannaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
spannandi (active indicative plural third-person)
spannain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
spannandau (active imperative plural third-person)
spannandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
spannaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
spespann (active first-person indicative singular)
spespannį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
spespannt (active indicative second-person singular)
spespannīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
spespann (active indicative singular third-person)
spespannī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
spespannū (active dual first-person indicative)
spespannīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
spespannudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
spespannīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
spespannum (active first-person indicative plural)
spespannīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
spespannud (active indicative plural second-person)
spespannīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
spespannun (active indicative plural third-person)
spespannīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
spannandz (active participle present)
spannanaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Old English: spannan

Middle English: spannen

English: span

Scots: span

Old Frisian: spanna, sponna

Saterland Frisian: sponne

West Frisian: spanne

Old Saxon: spannan

Middle Low German: spannen

German Low German: spannen

Old Dutch: *spannan

Middle Dutch: spannen

Dutch: spannen

Afrikaans: span

Old High German: spannan

Middle High German: spannen

German: spannen

Originally a strong verb of the seventh class, the long -n- comes from an earlier form *spanwaną-. Ultimately an ablautive form from the same source as *spinnaną (“to spin”).


skabbaz

gem-decl-noun-table

*skabbaz (a-stem)

skabbaz (nominative singular)
skabbōz (nominative plural)
-ōs (nominative plural)
skabb (singular vocative)
skabbōz (plural vocative)
-ōs (plural vocative)
skabbą (accusative singular)
skabbanz (accusative plural)
skabbas (genitive singular)
-is (genitive singular)
skabbǫ̂ (genitive plural)
skabbai (dative singular)
skabbamaz (dative plural)
skabbō (instrumental singular)
skabbamiz (instrumental plural)

Proto-West Germanic: *skabb

Old English: sċeabb, sċæb, sċeb

desc

Middle English: schabbe, scabb, skabbe, scabbe, scab (forms with sc-/sk- due to confluence with Old Norse skabb)

English: scab, shab

⇒ English: scabby, shabby

Scots: skab, scab

⇒ Scots: scabby, shabby

⇒ Old English: sċeabbed, sċeabbede, sċæbbede

Middle English: schabbed, schabbid

Old Frisian: *skab

⇒ Old Frisian: *skabich

Saterland Frisian: skoawich (possibly borrowed)

West Frisian: skabbich, skabberich (possibly borrowed)

Old Saxon: *skabb

Old Saxon: schabbe

⇒ Middle Low German: schabbig

German Low German: schabbig

⇒ Old Saxon: skavatho?

Middle Low German: scheve, schēve?

⇒ Middle Low German: schēvisch, schēvesch?

Old Dutch: *skabb

Middle Dutch: schabbe

Dutch: schab

⇒ Middle Dutch: *schabbig

Dutch: schabbig, schabberig

Old High German: skaba, scaba

Middle High German: schabe

German: Schabe

⇒ Old High German: scebedīg, skebedīg

Middle High German: schebic

German: schäbig

Old Norse: skabb

Faroese: skabb

Norwegian: skabb

Swedish: skabb

⇒ Swedish: skabbig

Danish: skab

From Proto-Indo-European *skabʰ- (“to cut, split, carve, shape”). Cognate with Latin scabiēs (“mange”).


wadilą

wadilą (nominative singular)
wadilō (nominative plural)
wadilą (singular vocative)
wadilō (plural vocative)
wadilą (accusative singular)
wadilō (accusative plural)
wadilas (genitive singular)
wadilis (genitive singular)
wadilǫ̂ (genitive plural)
wadilai (dative singular)
wadilamaz (dative plural)
wadilō (instrumental singular)
wadilamiz (instrumental plural)

Old Saxon: widil

Middle Low German: wedel

Low German: Wedel

German: Wedel

Old Norse: vaðall, vaðill

Icelandic: vaðall, vaðill

Norwegian: val, vaul

From *wadą, from Proto-Indo-European *wadʰom. Cognate with Latin vadum (“ford”).


safjaną

safjō (active first-person indicative singular)
safjaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
safjai (first-person indicative passive singular)
safisi (active indicative second-person singular)
safjais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
safi (active imperative second-person singular)
safjasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
safjaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
safiþi (active indicative singular third-person)
safjai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
safjaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
safjaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
safjaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
safjōs (active dual first-person indicative)
safjaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
safjaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
safjaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
safjaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
safjamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
safjaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
safjanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
safjainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
safiþ (active indicative plural second-person)
safjaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
safiþ (active imperative plural second-person)
safjanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
safjainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
safjanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
safjain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
safjanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
safjanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
safjainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
sōf (active first-person indicative singular)
sōbį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
sōft (active indicative second-person singular)
sōbīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
sōf (active indicative singular third-person)
sōbī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
sōbū (active dual first-person indicative)
sōbīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
sōbudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
sōbīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
sōbum (active first-person indicative plural)
sōbīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
sōbud (active indicative plural second-person)
sōbīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
sōbun (active indicative plural third-person)
sōbīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
safjandz (active participle present)
sabanaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Old Saxon: anseffian, biseffian

Old High German: intseffen

Middle High German: entseben

From pre-Germanic *sh̥́₁p-ye-, from Proto-Indo-European *seh₁p-. Related to Latin sapiō.


unlēdaz

*unlēdaz (a-stem)

unlēdaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
unlēdai (masculine nominative plural strong)
unlēdō (feminine nominative singular strong)
unlēdôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
unlēdą (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
unlēdō (neuter nominative plural strong)
unlēdanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
unlēdanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
unlēdǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
unlēdōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
unlēdą (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
unlēdō (accusative neuter plural strong)
unlēdas (genitive masculine singular strong)
-is (genitive masculine singular strong)
unlēdaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
unlēdaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
unlēdaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
unlēdas (genitive neuter singular strong)
-is (genitive neuter singular strong)
unlēdaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
unlēdammai (dative masculine singular strong)
unlēdaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
unlēdaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
unlēdaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
unlēdammai (dative neuter singular strong)
unlēdaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
unlēdanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
unlēdaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
unlēdaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
unlēdaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
unlēdanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
unlēdaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
unlēdô (masculine nominative singular weak)
unlēdaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
unlēdǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
unlēdōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
unlēdô (neuter nominative singular weak)
unlēdōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
unlēdanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
unlēdanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
unlēdōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
unlēdōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
unlēdô (accusative neuter singular weak)
unlēdōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
unlēdiniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
unlēdanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
unlēdōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
unlēdōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
unlēdiniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
unlēdanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
unlēdini (dative masculine singular weak)
unlēdammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
unlēdōni (dative feminine singular weak)
unlēdōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
unlēdini (dative neuter singular weak)
unlēdammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
unlēdinē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
unlēdammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
unlēdōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
unlēdōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
unlēdinē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
unlēdammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *unlād
Old English: unlǣd, unlǣde
Middle English: unlede
Old High German: unlāt

Gothic: 𐌿𐌽𐌻𐌴𐌸𐍃 (unlēþs)

⇒ Gothic: 𐌿𐌽𐌻𐌴𐌳𐌹 (unlēdi)

⇒ Gothic: 𐌲𐌰𐌿𐌽𐌻𐌴𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌽 (gaunlēdjan)


stinganą

stingō (active first-person indicative singular)
stingaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
stingai (first-person indicative passive singular)
stingizi (active indicative second-person singular)
stingaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
sting (active imperative second-person singular)
stingazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
stingaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
stingidi (active indicative singular third-person)
stingai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
stingadau (active imperative singular third-person)
stingadai (indicative passive singular third-person)
stingaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
stingōz (active dual first-person indicative)
stingaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
stingadiz (active dual indicative second-person)
stingaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
stingadiz (active dual imperative second-person)
stingamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
stingaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
stingandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
stingaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
stingid (active indicative plural second-person)
stingaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
stingid (active imperative plural second-person)
stingandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
stingaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
stingandi (active indicative plural third-person)
stingain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
stingandau (active imperative plural third-person)
stingandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
stingaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
stang (active first-person indicative singular)
stungį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
stanht (active indicative second-person singular)
stungīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
stang (active indicative singular third-person)
stungī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
stungū (active dual first-person indicative)
stungīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
stungudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
stungīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
stungum (active first-person indicative plural)
stungīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
stungud (active indicative plural second-person)
stungīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
stungun (active indicative plural third-person)
stungīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
stingandz (active participle present)
stunganaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *stingan
Old English: stingan
Middle English: stingen
English: sting
Scots: sting
Old High German: stingan

Old Norse: stinga

Icelandic: stinga

Faroese: stinga

Norwegian Nynorsk: stinga

Swedish: stinga

Danish: stinge

Norwegian Bokmål: stinge

⇒ Gothic: 𐌿𐍃𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌲𐌲𐌰𐌽 (usstaggan)

From Proto-Indo-European *stengʰ- (“to stick”).


harundą

harundą (nominative singular)
harundō (nominative plural)
harundą (singular vocative)
harundō (plural vocative)
harundą (accusative singular)
harundō (accusative plural)
harundas (genitive singular)
harundis (genitive singular)
harundǫ̂ (genitive plural)
harundai (dative singular)
harundamaz (dative plural)
harundō (instrumental singular)
harundamiz (instrumental plural)

Old Norse: hǫrund n or f

Icelandic: hörund n

Norwegian: horung m (dialectical)

Old Swedish: harund m or f

Danish: harend

From unknown + *-undą (body part suffix); perhaps related to Proto-Italic *karō (“flesh, meat”).

unk

unknown


karjaną

karjō (active first-person indicative singular)
karjaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
karjai (first-person indicative passive singular)
karisi (active indicative second-person singular)
karjais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
kari (active imperative second-person singular)
karjasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
karjaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
kariþi (active indicative singular third-person)
karjai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
karjaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
karjaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
karjaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
karjōs (active dual first-person indicative)
karjaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
karjaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
karjaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
karjaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
karjamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
karjaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
karjanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
karjainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
kariþ (active indicative plural second-person)
karjaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
kariþ (active imperative plural second-person)
karjanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
karjainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
karjanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
karjain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
karjanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
karjanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
karjainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
karidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
karidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
karidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
karidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
karidē (active indicative singular third-person)
karidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
karidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
karidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
karidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
karidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
karidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
karidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
karidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
karidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
karidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
karidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
karjandz (active participle present)
karidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Old Saxon: kerian, keren

Middle Low German: kēren

Low German: keren, ankeren

Old Dutch: *keren, *kerren

desctree

Middle Dutch: kēren
Dutch: keren
Limburgish: kaere

desc

Old High German: kerien, kerren, cherjen, cherren

Middle High German: keren, kern

Cimbrian: khéeran

German: kehren

From Proto-Indo-European *ger- (“to scrape”).


hwapjaną

hwapjō (active first-person indicative singular)
hwapjaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
hwapjai (first-person indicative passive singular)
hwapisi (active indicative second-person singular)
hwapjais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
hwapi (active imperative second-person singular)
hwapjasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
hwapjaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
hwapiþi (active indicative singular third-person)
hwapjai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
hwapjaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
hwapjaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
hwapjaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
hwapjōs (active dual first-person indicative)
hwapjaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
hwapjaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
hwapjaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
hwapjaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
hwapjamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
hwapjaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
hwapjanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
hwapjainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
hwapiþ (active indicative plural second-person)
hwapjaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
hwapiþ (active imperative plural second-person)
hwapjanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
hwapjainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
hwapjanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
hwapjain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
hwapjanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
hwapjanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
hwapjainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
hwapidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
hwapidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
hwapidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
hwapidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
hwapidē (active indicative singular third-person)
hwapidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
hwapidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
hwapidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
hwapidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
hwapidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
hwapidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
hwapidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
hwapidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
hwapidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
hwapidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
hwapidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
hwapjandz (active participle present)
hwapidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *hwappjan
Old High German: *hwepfen, *wepfen
Middle High German: wepfen
⇒ Middle High German: ferwepfen, verwepfen

Gothic: *𐍈𐌰𐍀𐌾𐌰𐌽 (*ƕapjan)

⇒ Gothic: 𐌰𐍆𐍈𐌰𐍀𐌾𐌰𐌽 (afƕapjan)

From Proto-Indo-European *kwep- (“to smoke, seethe, boil, surge”).


raþjaną

raþjō (active first-person indicative singular)
raþjaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
raþjai (first-person indicative passive singular)
raþisi (active indicative second-person singular)
raþjais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
raþi (active imperative second-person singular)
raþjasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
raþjaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
raþiþi (active indicative singular third-person)
raþjai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
raþjaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
raþjaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
raþjaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
raþjōs (active dual first-person indicative)
raþjaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
raþjaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
raþjaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
raþjaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
raþjamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
raþjaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
raþjanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
raþjainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
raþiþ (active indicative plural second-person)
raþjaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
raþiþ (active imperative plural second-person)
raþjanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
raþjainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
raþjanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
raþjain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
raþjanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
raþjanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
raþjainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
rōþ (active first-person indicative singular)
rōdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
rōst (active indicative second-person singular)
rōdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
rōþ (active indicative singular third-person)
rōdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
rōdū (active dual first-person indicative)
rōdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
rōdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
rōdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
rōdum (active first-person indicative plural)
rōdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
rōdud (active indicative plural second-person)
rōdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
rōdun (active indicative plural third-person)
rōdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
raþjandz (active participle present)
radanaz (active participle past subjunctive)

⇒ Gothic: 𐌲𐌰𐍂𐌰𐌸𐌾𐌰𐌽 (garaþjan)

From pre-Germanic *h₂rh̥́₁-t-(y)e-, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂reh₁-. Related to Latin reor.


slindaną

slindō (active first-person indicative singular)
slindaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
slindai (first-person indicative passive singular)
slindizi (active indicative second-person singular)
slindaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
slind (active imperative second-person singular)
slindazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
slindaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
slindidi (active indicative singular third-person)
slindai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
slindadau (active imperative singular third-person)
slindadai (indicative passive singular third-person)
slindaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
slindōz (active dual first-person indicative)
slindaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
slindadiz (active dual indicative second-person)
slindaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
slindadiz (active dual imperative second-person)
slindamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
slindaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
slindandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
slindaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
slindid (active indicative plural second-person)
slindaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
slindid (active imperative plural second-person)
slindandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
slindaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
slindandi (active indicative plural third-person)
slindain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
slindandau (active imperative plural third-person)
slindandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
slindaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
sland (active first-person indicative singular)
slundį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
slanst (active indicative second-person singular)
slundīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
sland (active indicative singular third-person)
slundī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
slundū (active dual first-person indicative)
slundīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
slundudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
slundīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
slundum (active first-person indicative plural)
slundīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
slundud (active indicative plural second-person)
slundīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
slundun (active indicative plural third-person)
slundīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
slindandz (active participle present)
slundanaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *slindan
Old Frisian: *slinda
West Frisian: sline
Old Saxon: slindan
Middle Low German: slinden
Low German: slinden
Old Dutch: *slindan
Middle Dutch: slinden
Dutch: slinden (obsolete)
Old High German: slintan
Middle High German: slinden
German: schlinden

From Proto-Indo-European *slendʰ-, from Proto-Indo-European *sel- (“to creep, crawl”).


lakjaną

lakjō (active first-person indicative singular)
lakjaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
lakjai (first-person indicative passive singular)
lakisi (active indicative second-person singular)
lakjais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
laki (active imperative second-person singular)
lakjasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
lakjaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
lakiþi (active indicative singular third-person)
lakjai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
lakjaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
lakjaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
lakjaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
lakjōs (active dual first-person indicative)
lakjaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
lakjaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
lakjaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
lakjaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
lakjamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
lakjaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
lakjanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
lakjainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
lakiþ (active indicative plural second-person)
lakjaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
lakiþ (active imperative plural second-person)
lakjanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
lakjainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
lakjanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
lakjain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
lakjanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
lakjanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
lakjainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
lakidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
lakidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
lakidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
lakidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
lakidē (active indicative singular third-person)
lakidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
lakidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
lakidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
lakidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
lakidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
lakidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
lakidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
lakidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
lakidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
lakidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
lakidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
lakjandz (active participle present)
lakidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *lakkjan
Old English: leċċan
Middle English: *lecchen, *lechen
English: leach
Old Frisian: *letza, lekka
Saterland Frisian: läkke
West Frisian: lekke
Old Saxon: *lekkian
Middle Low German: lecken, legkken
German Low German: lecken
→ Danish: lække
Norwegian Bokmål: lekke
Old Dutch: *lecken
Middle Dutch: lecken
Dutch: lekken
Afrikaans: lek
Old High German: lekken, lecken
Middle High German: lecken
German: lecken


fiþriją

fiþriją (nominative singular)
fiþrijō (nominative plural)
fiþriją (singular vocative)
fiþrijō (plural vocative)
fiþriją (accusative singular)
fiþrijō (accusative plural)
fiþrijas (genitive singular)
fiþrīs (genitive singular)
fiþrijǫ̂ (genitive plural)
fiþrijai (dative singular)
fiþrijamaz (dative plural)
fiþrijō (instrumental singular)
fiþrijamiz (instrumental plural)

Proto-West Germanic: *fiþrī

Old English: fiþre, fiþere

Middle English: fither, fether (merged with descendant of Old English feþer)

Old Dutch: *gifithri

Middle Dutch: gevedere

Dutch: geveder

Old High German: *fidari, fedari

desc

Middle High German: *fidere, fider, vider

⇒ Middle High German: gefidere, gevidere, gevider

German: Gefieder

Old Norse: fiðri

Icelandic: fiðri, fiður

Faroese: fiðri

From the nominative stem of the Proto-Indo-European *péth₂r̥ ~ pth₂én-, from Proto-Indo-European *peth₂- (“to fly”).


dagawerką

gem-decl-noun-table

*dagawerką (a-stem)

dagawerką (nominative singular)
dagawerkō (nominative plural)
dagawerką (singular vocative)
dagawerkō (plural vocative)
dagawerką (accusative singular)
dagawerkō (accusative plural)
dagawerkas (genitive singular)
-is (genitive singular)
dagawerkǫ̂ (genitive plural)
dagawerkai (dative singular)
dagawerkamaz (dative plural)
dagawerkō (instrumental singular)
dagawerkamiz (instrumental plural)

Proto-West Germanic: *dagawerk

Old English: dæġweorc

Middle English: daywerk, daywork

English: daywork

Old Saxon: dagwerk

Middle Low German: dāgewerk, dachwerk

German Low German: Dagwark

Old Dutch: *dagawerk

Middle Dutch: dach werck

Dutch: dagwerk

Old High German: tagawerk

Middle High German: tagewerc, tagewerch

German: Tagewerk, Tagwerk

Old Norse: dagverk

Icelandic: dagverk

⇒ Icelandic: dagsverk

⇒ Swedish: dagsverke