bewwu

bewwu (nominative singular)
bewwū (nominative plural)
bewwu (singular vocative)
bewwū (plural vocative)
bewwu (accusative singular)
bewwū (accusative plural)
bewwauz (genitive singular)
biwwiwǫ̂ (genitive plural)
biwwiwi (dative singular)
bewwumaz (dative plural)
bewwū (instrumental singular)
bewwumiz (instrumental plural)

Alternative form of *bewwą (“crops; barley”)


daigaz

*daigaz (a-stem)

daigaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
daigai (masculine nominative plural strong)
daigō (feminine nominative singular strong)
daigôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
daigą (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
daigō (neuter nominative plural strong)
daiganǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
daiganz (accusative masculine plural strong)
daigǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
daigōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
daigą (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
daigō (accusative neuter plural strong)
daigas (genitive masculine singular strong)
-is (genitive masculine singular strong)
daigaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
daigaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
daigaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
daigas (genitive neuter singular strong)
-is (genitive neuter singular strong)
daigaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
daigammai (dative masculine singular strong)
daigaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
daigaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
daigaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
daigammai (dative neuter singular strong)
daigaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
daiganō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
daigaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
daigaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
daigaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
daiganō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
daigaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
daigô (masculine nominative singular weak)
daiganiz (masculine nominative plural weak)
daigǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
daigōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
daigô (neuter nominative singular weak)
daigōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
daiganų (accusative masculine singular weak)
daiganunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
daigōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
daigōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
daigô (accusative neuter singular weak)
daigōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
daiginiz (genitive masculine singular weak)
daiganǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
daigōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
daigōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
daiginiz (genitive neuter singular weak)
daiganǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
daigini (dative masculine singular weak)
daigammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
daigōni (dative feminine singular weak)
daigōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
daigini (dative neuter singular weak)
daigammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
daiginē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
daigammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
daigōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
daigōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
daiginē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
daigammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

Old Saxon: *dēg, *dēh

Middle Low German: dêch

Old Dutch: *deig, *deih

Middle Dutch: deech

Old High German: *teic

Middle High German: teic, teig

Vilamovian: tāgj

Old Norse: deigr

Icelandic: deigur

Faroese: deigur

Old Danish: degh

Danish: dej, deg

From Proto-Indo-European *dʰeyǵʰ- (“to build, mold, form, knead”). Cognate with Latin fingō (“mold”, verb).


daigaz

daigaz (nominative singular)
daigōz (nominative plural)
daigōs (nominative plural)
daig (singular vocative)
daigōz (plural vocative)
daigōs (plural vocative)
daigą (accusative singular)
daiganz (accusative plural)
daigas (genitive singular)
daigis (genitive singular)
daigǫ̂ (genitive plural)
daigai (dative singular)
daigamaz (dative plural)
daigō (instrumental singular)
daigamiz (instrumental plural)

Proto-West Germanic: *daig

Old English: dāg, dāh

Middle English: dagh, dogh, dow

Scots: daich, dauch

English: dough, duff (dialectal)

Yola: doaugh, dhoaugh

Old Frisian: *dāch

Saterland Frisian: Deech, Dee

West Frisian: daai

Old Saxon: *dēg

Middle Low German: dêch, deech

German Low German: Deeg

Plautdietsch: Dieech

Old Dutch: *deig

Middle Dutch: deech

Dutch: deeg

Afrikaans: deeg

Old High German: teig, teic

Middle High German: teic, teig

Bavarian: Doag

Luxembourgish: Deeg

German: Teig

Yiddish: טייג (teyg)

Old Norse: deig n

Icelandic: deig n

Faroese: deiggj n

Norn: djag n

Norwegian: deig m

Old Swedish: dēgher m

Swedish: deg c

Old Danish: degh

Danish: dej c, dejg c

Gutnish: daig

Gothic: 𐌳𐌰𐌹𐌲𐍃 (daigs)

desctree

→ Proto-Finnic: *taikina
Estonian: taigen
Finnish: taikina
Ingrian: taikina
Karelian:
North Karelian: taikina
South Karelian: taigina
Livonian: ⇒ tāigandõks
Livvi: taigin
Ludian: taigin
Veps: taigin
>? Võro: taignõ
Votic: taitšinõ


bērō

bērō (nominative singular)
bērôz (nominative plural)
bērō (singular vocative)
bērôz (plural vocative)
bērǭ (accusative singular)
bērōz (accusative plural)
bērōz (genitive singular)
bērǫ̂ (genitive plural)
bērōi (dative singular)
bērōmaz (dative plural)
bērō (instrumental singular)
bērōmiz (instrumental plural)

Proto-West Germanic: *bāru
Old English: bēr, bǣr
Middle English: bere, beere, beer
Scots: bere, beir
English: bier
Old Frisian: bēre
North Frisian: beer, baar
Saterland Frisian: Beere
West Frisian: berje, bier, baar
Old Saxon: bāra
Middle Low German: bāre
German Low German: Bahr
Old Dutch: *bāra
Middle Dutch: bâre
Dutch: baar
Afrikaans: baar
Old High German: bāra
Middle High German: bāre
German: Bahre
→ Italian: bara
→ Vulgar Latin: *bera
Old French: bere, biere
Middle French: biere
French: bière
Old Occitan: bera

Old Norse: bár, bára
Danish: båre
Faroese: bára
Icelandic: bára
Norwegian Bokmål: båre, bår
Norwegian Nynorsk: båre
Old Swedish: bār
Swedish: bår
→ Middle English: bare
English: bore
Scots: boar, bore
Norman : barre

that which bears or carries; stretcher, bier


fadōną

fadō (active first-person indicative singular)
fadǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
fadōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
fadōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
fadōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
fadō (active imperative second-person singular)
fadōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
fadōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
fadōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
fadō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
fadōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
fadōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
fadōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
fadōs (active dual first-person indicative)
fadōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
fadōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
fadōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
fadōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
fadōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
fadōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
fadōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
fadōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
fadōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
fadōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
fadōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
fadōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
fadōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
fadōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
fadōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
fadōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
fadōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
fadōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
fadōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
fadōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
fadōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
fadōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
fadōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
fadōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
fadōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
fadōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
fadōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
fadōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
fadōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
fadōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
fadōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
fadōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
fadōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
fadōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
fadōndz (active participle present)
fadōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *fadōn

desc

>? Old English: fadian (“to guide, direct, order”)

Middle English: faden

>? English: fad

Old High German: fatōn (in past part kavatōt)

Middle High German: vetten (partially)

German: fetten

Luxembourgish: fetten

⇒ Old High German: fatunga

⇒ Old High German: giunfatōn

/ˈɸɑ.ðɔː.nɑ̃/

From Proto-Indo-European *peh₂- (“protect, guard, graze, feed”).


fatōną

fatō (active first-person indicative singular)
fatǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
fatōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
fatōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
fatōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
fatō (active imperative second-person singular)
fatōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
fatōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
fatōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
fatō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
fatōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
fatōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
fatōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
fatōs (active dual first-person indicative)
fatōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
fatōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
fatōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
fatōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
fatōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
fatōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
fatōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
fatōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
fatōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
fatōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
fatōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
fatōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
fatōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
fatōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
fatōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
fatōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
fatōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
fatōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
fatōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
fatōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
fatōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
fatōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
fatōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
fatōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
fatōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
fatōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
fatōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
fatōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
fatōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
fatōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
fatōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
fatōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
fatōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
fatōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
fatōndz (active participle present)
fatōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Old English: fatian, fetian, feċċan

desc

Middle English: facchen, fecchen, fetchen, fochen; feten, fetten

English: fatch, fetch; fet

Scots: fatch, fesh, fetch; fet

Old Frisian: fatia

Saterland Frisian: foatje

West Frisian: fetsje

Old Saxon: *fatōn

Middle Low German: vāten

Low German: faten

→ Danish: fatte

→ Icelandic: fatta

→ Swedish: fatta

→ Norwegian: fatte

Old Dutch: *faton

Middle Dutch: vaten, vatten

Dutch: vatten

Afrikaans: vat

Old High German: fazzōn

Middle High German: vazzen

Cimbrian: vassan, bassan (Mezzaselva)

German: fassen

→ Polish: fasować

→ Russian: фасова́ть (fasovátʹ)

Luxembourgish: faassen

Old Norse: fata

Icelandic: fata

Faroese: fata

Old Swedish: fata

/ˈɸɑ.tɔː.nɑ̃/

From Proto-Indo-European *ped- (“to walk, stumble, fall”).


barwijǭ

barwijǭ (nominative singular)
barwijōniz (nominative plural)
barwijǭ (singular vocative)
barwijōniz (plural vocative)
barwijōnų (accusative singular)
barwijōnunz (accusative plural)
barwijōniz (genitive singular)
barwijōnǫ̂ (genitive plural)
barwijōni (dative singular)
barwijōmaz (dative plural)
barwijōnē (instrumental singular)
barwijōmiz (instrumental plural)

Proto-West Germanic: *barwijā

Old English: bearwe

Middle English: barowe, barwe, barow

Scots: barow, barrow

English: barrow

→ Zulu: ibhala

Old Frisian: *berwe, *barwe

desc

Saterland Frisian: Berve, Barve, Barfe, Barf

West Frisian: berje

Old Saxon: *berwia, *beria; *barwa (< *barwǭ)

Middle Low German: bāre, bōre, berwe, bȫrwe, bȫrje

German Low German: Barv

Low German: Böre, Bör, Berwe, Berf

→ Swedish: bör

→ Danish: bør

Old Dutch: *beria

Middle Dutch: berie, berrie

Dutch: berrie

→ Old French: barot, baroueste

Middle French: broüette

French: brouette; barou, barrô, barotte (dialectal)

→ Italian: baroccio

→ French: birouchette

Old High German: bera

Middle High German: bere

German: Bere (dialectal)

Old Norse: barar, barir

Icelandic: börur

Faroese: børa

From Proto-Indo-European *bʰer- (“to carry”).


brūkiz

brūkiz (masculine nominative singular strong)
brūkijai (masculine nominative plural strong)
brūkī (feminine nominative singular strong)
brūkijôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
brūkį (neuter nominative singular strong)
-jatō (neuter nominative singular strong)
brūkijō (neuter nominative plural strong)
brūkijanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
brūkijanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
brūkijǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
brūkijōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
brūkį (accusative neuter singular strong)
-jatō (accusative neuter singular strong)
brūkijō (accusative neuter plural strong)
brūkijas (genitive masculine singular strong)
brūkīs (genitive masculine singular strong)
brūkijaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
brūkijaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
brūkijaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
brūkijas (genitive neuter singular strong)
brūkīs (genitive neuter singular strong)
brūkijaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
brūkijammai (dative masculine singular strong)
brūkijaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
brūkijaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
brūkijaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
brūkijammai (dative neuter singular strong)
brūkijaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
brūkijanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
brūkijaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
brūkijaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
brūkijaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
brūkijanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
brūkijaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
brūkijô (masculine nominative singular weak)
brūkijaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
brūkijǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
brūkijōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
brūkijô (neuter nominative singular weak)
brūkijōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
brūkijanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
brūkijanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
brūkijōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
brūkijōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
brūkijô (accusative neuter singular weak)
brūkijōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
brūkīniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
brūkijanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
brūkijōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
brūkijōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
brūkīniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
brūkijanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
brūkīni (dative masculine singular weak)
brūkijammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
brūkijōni (dative feminine singular weak)
brūkijōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
brūkīni (dative neuter singular weak)
brūkijammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
brūkīnē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
brūkijammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
brūkijōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
brūkijōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
brūkīnē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
brūkijammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *brūkī
Old English: brȳċe (“useful”)
Middle English: bryche, briche
Old High German: brūhhi

Gothic: 𐌱𐍂𐌿𐌺𐍃 (brūks)

Vṛddhi gerundive of *brūkaną (“to to make use of”).


grimmaz

*grimmaz (a-stem)

grimmaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
grimmai (masculine nominative plural strong)
grimmō (feminine nominative singular strong)
grimmôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
grimmą (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
grimmō (neuter nominative plural strong)
grimmanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
grimmanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
grimmǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
grimmōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
grimmą (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
grimmō (accusative neuter plural strong)
grimmas (genitive masculine singular strong)
-is (genitive masculine singular strong)
grimmaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
grimmaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
grimmaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
grimmas (genitive neuter singular strong)
-is (genitive neuter singular strong)
grimmaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
grimmammai (dative masculine singular strong)
grimmaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
grimmaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
grimmaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
grimmammai (dative neuter singular strong)
grimmaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
grimmanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
grimmaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
grimmaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
grimmaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
grimmanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
grimmaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
grimmô (masculine nominative singular weak)
grimmaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
grimmǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
grimmōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
grimmô (neuter nominative singular weak)
grimmōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
grimmanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
grimmanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
grimmōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
grimmōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
grimmô (accusative neuter singular weak)
grimmōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
grimminiz (genitive masculine singular weak)
grimmanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
grimmōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
grimmōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
grimminiz (genitive neuter singular weak)
grimmanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
grimmini (dative masculine singular weak)
grimmammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
grimmōni (dative feminine singular weak)
grimmōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
grimmini (dative neuter singular weak)
grimmammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
grimminē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
grimmammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
grimmōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
grimmōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
grimminē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
grimmammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *grimm
Old English: grimm, grim
Middle English: grim
English: grim
Scots: grim
Old Frisian: grimm, grim
Saterland Frisian: grimm
West Frisian: grym
Old Saxon: grim
Middle Low German: grim
German Low German: grimm
Old Dutch: grim
Middle Dutch: grim
Dutch: grim
Old High German: grim
Middle High German: grim, grimme
German: grimm (archaic)

Old Norse: grimmr

Icelandic: grimmur

Faroese: grimmur, grimur

Norn: grimm

Norwegian: grim

Old Swedish: grimber, grumber, grymber

Swedish: grym

Old Danish: grim

Danish: grim

Elfdalian: grymm

Gutnish: greimuar, greimugur

Gothic: *𐌲𐍂𐌹𐌼𐌼𐍃 (*grimms)

→ Spanish: grima

→ Portuguese: grima

→ Galician: grima

Possibly from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰrem-nó-s or *ǵʰrem-wó-s, from *ǵʰrem- (“to vex; to be angry”).

inh

Breve diccionario etimológico de la lengua castellana

Etymological Dictionary of the German Language

de:Etymologisches Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache


nutiz

nutiz (masculine nominative singular strong)
nutjai (masculine nominative plural strong)
nutī (feminine nominative singular strong)
nutjôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
nutį (neuter nominative singular strong)
-jatō (neuter nominative singular strong)
nutjō (neuter nominative plural strong)
nutjanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
nutjanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
nutjǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
nutjōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
nutį (accusative neuter singular strong)
-jatō (accusative neuter singular strong)
nutjō (accusative neuter plural strong)
nutjas (genitive masculine singular strong)
nutis (genitive masculine singular strong)
nutjaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
nutjaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
nutjaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
nutjas (genitive neuter singular strong)
nutis (genitive neuter singular strong)
nutjaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
nutjammai (dative masculine singular strong)
nutjaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
nutjaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
nutjaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
nutjammai (dative neuter singular strong)
nutjaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
nutjanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
nutjaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
nutjaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
nutjaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
nutjanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
nutjaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
nutjô (masculine nominative singular weak)
nutjaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
nutjǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
nutjōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
nutjô (neuter nominative singular weak)
nutjōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
nutjanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
nutjanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
nutjōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
nutjōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
nutjô (accusative neuter singular weak)
nutjōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
nutiniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
nutjanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
nutjōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
nutjōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
nutiniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
nutjanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
nutini (dative masculine singular weak)
nutjammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
nutjōni (dative feminine singular weak)
nutjōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
nutini (dative neuter singular weak)
nutjammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
nutinē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
nutjammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
nutjōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
nutjōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
nutinē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
nutjammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *nuti
Old English: nytt
Middle English: nūt
English: nait
Old Frisian: nette
Old Saxon: nutti
Old High German: nuzzi
German: nütze, nutze

Proto-Norse: *ᚾᚢᛏᛁᛉ (*nutiʀ)

Old Norse: nytr

⇒ Old Norse: málnytr

Old Swedish: nyter

Swedish: nyter


būą

būą (nominative singular)
būō (nominative plural)
būą (singular vocative)
būō (plural vocative)
būą (accusative singular)
būō (accusative plural)
būas (genitive singular)
būis (genitive singular)
būǫ̂ (genitive plural)
būai (dative singular)
būamaz (dative plural)
būō (instrumental singular)
būamiz (instrumental plural)

Old English: bū

Middle English: bi, by

Old Saxon: bū

Old Norse:

Old West Norse: bú

Norwegian Nynorsk: bu

→ Norwegian Bokmål: bu

Icelandic: bú

Faroese: bú, búgv

Old East Norse: bó

Danish: bo

Norwegian Bokmål: bo

Old Swedish: bō

Swedish: bo


framjaną

framjō (active first-person indicative singular)
framjaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
framjai (first-person indicative passive singular)
framisi (active indicative second-person singular)
framjais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
frami (active imperative second-person singular)
framjasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
framjaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
framiþi (active indicative singular third-person)
framjai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
framjaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
framjaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
framjaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
framjōs (active dual first-person indicative)
framjaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
framjaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
framjaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
framjaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
framjamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
framjaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
framjanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
framjainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
framiþ (active indicative plural second-person)
framjaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
framiþ (active imperative plural second-person)
framjanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
framjainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
framjanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
framjain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
framjanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
framjanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
framjainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
framidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
framidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
framidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
framidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
framidē (active indicative singular third-person)
framidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
framidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
framidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
framidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
framidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
framidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
framidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
framidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
framidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
framidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
framidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
framjandz (active participle present)
framidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *frammjan
Old English: fremman
Middle English: fremmen
English: frame
→ Dutch: frame
→ German: framen
Scots: frame
Old Frisian: frema, fremma
Old Saxon: fremmian
Old Dutch: fremmen
Middle Dutch: vrēmen
Old High German: fremmen

Old Norse: fremja
Icelandic: fremja
Faroese: fremja
Norwegian Nynorsk: fremja
Old Swedish: fræmia, fræmmia
Swedish: främja
Old Danish: fræmdær (past participle)
Middle Danish: fræmmæ, fræmiæ
Danish: fremme
Norwegian Bokmål: fremme
→ Norwegian Nynorsk: fremma

From *framaz + *-janą, from Proto-Indo-European *pró-mo-s, from *pró (“toward, leading to”). Compare Latin framea (“spear”) probably from *framjō (literally “forward going one”).


flatją

flatją (nominative singular)
flatjō (nominative plural)
flatją (singular vocative)
flatjō (plural vocative)
flatją (accusative singular)
flatjō (accusative plural)
flatjas (genitive singular)
flatis (genitive singular)
flatjǫ̂ (genitive plural)
flatjai (dative singular)
flatjamaz (dative plural)
flatjō (instrumental singular)
flatjamiz (instrumental plural)

Proto-West Germanic: *flatti

Old English: flett, flet

Middle English: flet

Scots: flet

→ English: flat

→ Dutch: flat

English: flet

Old Frisian: flett, flet

Saterland Frisian: Flät

Old Saxon: fletti, flett, flet

Middle Low German: vlette, vlet

Low German: Flet

→ German: Flett

Old Dutch: *fletti

Middle Dutch: vlette, vlet

Dutch: vlet

Old High German: flezzi

Middle High German: vletze, vlez

German: Fletz, Flötz

Proto-Norse: *ᚠᛚᚨᛏᛃᚨ (*flatja)

Old Norse: flet

Icelandic: flet, fleti

Faroese: flet f

Norwegian: flet

Old Swedish: flæt, flat

Old Danish: flæt

Danish: fled

→ Proto-Finnic: *lattija (see there for further descendants)


flōkaną

flōkō (active first-person indicative singular)
flōkaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
flōkai (first-person indicative passive singular)
flōkizi (active indicative second-person singular)
flōkaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
flōk (active imperative second-person singular)
flōkazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
flōkaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
flōkidi (active indicative singular third-person)
flōkai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
flōkadau (active imperative singular third-person)
flōkadai (indicative passive singular third-person)
flōkaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
flōkōz (active dual first-person indicative)
flōkaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
flōkadiz (active dual indicative second-person)
flōkaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
flōkadiz (active dual imperative second-person)
flōkamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
flōkaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
flōkandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
flōkaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
flōkid (active indicative plural second-person)
flōkaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
flōkid (active imperative plural second-person)
flōkandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
flōkaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
flōkandi (active indicative plural third-person)
flōkain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
flōkandau (active imperative plural third-person)
flōkandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
flōkaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
feflōk (active first-person indicative singular)
feflōkį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
feflōht (active indicative second-person singular)
feflōkīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
feflōk (active indicative singular third-person)
feflōkī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
feflōkū (active dual first-person indicative)
feflōkīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
feflōkudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
feflōkīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
feflōkum (active first-person indicative plural)
feflōkīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
feflōkud (active indicative plural second-person)
feflōkīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
feflōkun (active indicative plural third-person)
feflōkīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
flōkandz (active participle present)
flōkanaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *flōkan
Old English: flōcan
Old Frisian: flōka
West Frisian: flokke, floke
Old Saxon: flōkan
Middle Low German: vlôken
Low German: floken, flöken
Old Dutch: *fluokan
Middle Dutch: vloeken
Dutch: vloeken
Afrikaans: vloek
Old High German: fluohhan
Middle High German: vluochen
German: fluchen
Luxembourgish: fluchen
Vilamovian: fłücha

Gothic: 𐍆𐌻𐍉𐌺𐌰𐌽 (flōkan)

/ˈɸlɔː.kɑ.nɑ̃/

From Proto-Indo-European *pleh₂g-, *pleh₂k- (“to beat, strike”). Kroonen suggests there is no need to reconstruct *ploh₂g-, in which case the 'k' was restored to *flōk- by analogy with the iterative derived from it. Cognate with Ancient Greek πλάζω (plázō), πλήσσω (plḗssō), Latin plango, Old Church Slavonic плакати (plakati).


wōþijaz

*wōþijaz (ja-stem)

wōþijaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
wōþijai (masculine nominative plural strong)
wōþijō (feminine nominative singular strong)
wōþijôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
wōþiją (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
wōþijō (neuter nominative plural strong)
wōþijanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
wōþijanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
wōþijǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
wōþijōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
wōþiją (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
wōþijō (accusative neuter plural strong)
wōþijas (genitive masculine singular strong)
-īs (genitive masculine singular strong)
wōþijaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
wōþijaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
wōþijaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
wōþijas (genitive neuter singular strong)
-īs (genitive neuter singular strong)
wōþijaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
wōþijammai (dative masculine singular strong)
wōþijaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
wōþijaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
wōþijaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
wōþijammai (dative neuter singular strong)
wōþijaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
wōþijanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
wōþijaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
wōþijaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
wōþijaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
wōþijanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
wōþijaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
wōþijô (masculine nominative singular weak)
wōþijaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
wōþijǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
wōþijōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
wōþijô (neuter nominative singular weak)
wōþijōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
wōþijanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
wōþijanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
wōþijōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
wōþijōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
wōþijô (accusative neuter singular weak)
wōþijōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
wōþīniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
wōþijanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
wōþijōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
wōþijōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
wōþīniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
wōþijanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
wōþīni (dative masculine singular weak)
wōþijammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
wōþijōni (dative feminine singular weak)
wōþijōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
wōþīni (dative neuter singular weak)
wōþijammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
wōþīnē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
wōþijammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
wōþijōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
wōþijōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
wōþīnē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
wōþijammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

Old English: wēþe

Middle English: wēthe

Old Saxon: *wōthi

Old High German: *wuodi

Gothic: 𐍅𐍉𐌸𐌴𐌹𐍃 (wōþeis)

Uncertain. Possibly related to *wōþaz (“feeling, song, poetry”), *wōþō (“sound, voice, song”).


skrībaną

skrībō (active first-person indicative singular)
skrībaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
skrībai (first-person indicative passive singular)
skrībizi (active indicative second-person singular)
skrībaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
skrīb (active imperative second-person singular)
skrībazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
skrībaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
skrībidi (active indicative singular third-person)
skrībai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
skrībadau (active imperative singular third-person)
skrībadai (indicative passive singular third-person)
skrībaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
skrībōz (active dual first-person indicative)
skrībaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
skrībadiz (active dual indicative second-person)
skrībaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
skrībadiz (active dual imperative second-person)
skrībamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
skrībaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
skrībandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
skrībaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
skrībid (active indicative plural second-person)
skrībaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
skrībid (active imperative plural second-person)
skrībandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
skrībaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
skrībandi (active indicative plural third-person)
skrībain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
skrībandau (active imperative plural third-person)
skrībandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
skrībaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
skraib (active first-person indicative singular)
skribį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
skraift (active indicative second-person singular)
skribīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
skraib (active indicative singular third-person)
skribī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
skribū (active dual first-person indicative)
skribīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
skribudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
skribīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
skribum (active first-person indicative plural)
skribīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
skribud (active indicative plural second-person)
skribīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
skribun (active indicative plural third-person)
skribīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
skrībandz (active participle present)
skribanaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *skrīban (see there for further descendants)

Old Norse: skrifa

Icelandic: skrifa

Faroese: skriva

Norwegian Bokmål: skrive

Norwegian Nynorsk: skriva, skrive

Old Swedish: skriva
Swedish: skriva
→ Elfdalian: skrieva

Danish: skrive


jehaną

jehō (active first-person indicative singular)
jehaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
jehai (first-person indicative passive singular)
jihizi (active indicative second-person singular)
jehaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
jeh (active imperative second-person singular)
jehazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
jehaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
jihidi (active indicative singular third-person)
jehai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
jehadau (active imperative singular third-person)
jehadai (indicative passive singular third-person)
jehaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
jehōz (active dual first-person indicative)
jehaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
jehadiz (active dual indicative second-person)
jehaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
jehadiz (active dual imperative second-person)
jehamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
jehaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
jehandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
jehaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
jihid (active indicative plural second-person)
jehaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
jihid (active imperative plural second-person)
jehandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
jehaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
jehandi (active indicative plural third-person)
jehain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
jehandau (active imperative plural third-person)
jehandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
jehaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
jah (active first-person indicative singular)
jēgį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
jaht (active indicative second-person singular)
jēgīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
jah (active indicative singular third-person)
jēgī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
jēgū (active dual first-person indicative)
jēgīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
jēgudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
jēgīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
jēgum (active first-person indicative plural)
jēgīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
jēgud (active indicative plural second-person)
jēgīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
jēgun (active indicative plural third-person)
jēgīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
jehandz (active participle present)
jeganaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *jehan
Old Frisian: jā
Old Saxon: *jehan; gehan, gean (<*ge-jehan)
Middle Low German: jēn, jein; gēn, gein
Old Dutch: gian
Middle Dutch: gien
Old High German: jehan, gehan
Middle High German: jëhen, gehen
German: jehen
→ Old French: gehir, geïr; gehine; gehisner
Middle French: gehir; gehenne; genner
French: gêne; gêner
Franc-Comtois: dgeinne

From Proto-Indo-European *yék-e-ti, from *yek- (“to speak”). Cognate with Sanskrit याचति (yā́cati, “to ask, entreat”), Proto-Celtic *yextis (“language”).


skelduz

skelduz (nominative singular)
skildiwiz (nominative plural)
skeldu (singular vocative)
skildiwiz (plural vocative)
skeldų (accusative singular)
skeldunz (accusative plural)
skeldauz (genitive singular)
skildiwǫ̂ (genitive plural)
skildiwi (dative singular)
skeldumaz (dative plural)
skeldū (instrumental singular)
skeldumiz (instrumental plural)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *skeldu
Old English: sċield, sċeld — Anglian, Kentish, sċild, sċyld
Middle English: scheld, sheld, shild, shelde
Scots: scheld, scheild
English: shield
Old Frisian: skeld, skild, schild
North Frisian: skilt
Saterland Frisian: Skild, Schild
West Frisian: skyld
Old Saxon: skild, skeld
Middle Low German: schilt
German Low German: Schild
Plautdietsch: Schilt
Old Dutch: skilt
Middle Dutch: schilt
Dutch: schild
Afrikaans: skild
Limburgish: sjèldj, sjildj
Old High German: skild, skilt
Middle High German: schilt
Bavarian: Schüd, Schuid, Schüld
German: Schild
→ Esperanto: ŝildo
→ Ido: shildo
Luxembourgish: Schëld
Yiddish: שילד (shild)

Old Norse: skjǫldr
Icelandic: skjöldur
Faroese: skjøldur
Norwegian Nynorsk: skjold m or n; (dialectal) skjøld m or n
Elfdalian: stjöld
Old Swedish: skiolder, skiølder
Swedish: sköld
Old Danish: skiold
Danish: skjold
Norwegian Bokmål: skjold n
Gutnish: skiåld
→ Latin: Skioldus, Skyoldus (Saxo Grammaticus)

Gothic: 𐍃𐌺𐌹𐌻𐌳𐌿𐍃 (skildus)

From pre-Germanic *skelH-tús, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kelH- (“to split”).

der

Skeldungōz

Scyldings; legendary Danish royal dynasty


derbaną

derbō (active first-person indicative singular)
derbaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
derbai (first-person indicative passive singular)
dirbizi (active indicative second-person singular)
derbaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
derb (active imperative second-person singular)
derbazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
derbaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
dirbidi (active indicative singular third-person)
derbai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
derbadau (active imperative singular third-person)
derbadai (indicative passive singular third-person)
derbaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
derbōz (active dual first-person indicative)
derbaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
derbadiz (active dual indicative second-person)
derbaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
derbadiz (active dual imperative second-person)
derbamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
derbaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
derbandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
derbaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
dirbid (active indicative plural second-person)
derbaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
dirbid (active imperative plural second-person)
derbandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
derbaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
derbandi (active indicative plural third-person)
derbain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
derbandau (active imperative plural third-person)
derbandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
derbaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
darb (active first-person indicative singular)
durbį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
darft (active indicative second-person singular)
durbīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
darb (active indicative singular third-person)
durbī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
durbū (active dual first-person indicative)
durbīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
durbudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
durbīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
durbum (active first-person indicative plural)
durbīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
durbud (active indicative plural second-person)
durbīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
durbun (active indicative plural third-person)
durbīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
derbandz (active participle present)
durbanaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *derban
Old English: deorfan
Middle English: derven

Old Norse: fordjarfa

From Proto-Indo-European *dʰerHbʰ- (“to work, perish, die”). Related to Lithuanian dirbti (“to work”).


rūmijaną

rūmijō (active first-person indicative singular)
rūmijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
rūmijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
rūmīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
rūmijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
rūmī (active imperative second-person singular)
rūmijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
rūmijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
rūmīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
rūmijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
rūmijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
rūmijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
rūmijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
rūmijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
rūmijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
rūmijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
rūmijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
rūmijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
rūmijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
rūmijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
rūmijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
rūmijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
rūmīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
rūmijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
rūmīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
rūmijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
rūmijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
rūmijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
rūmijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
rūmijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
rūmijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
rūmijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
rūmidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
rūmidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
rūmidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
rūmidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
rūmidē (active indicative singular third-person)
rūmidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
rūmidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
rūmidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
rūmidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
rūmidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
rūmidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
rūmidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
rūmidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
rūmidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
rūmidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
rūmidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
rūmijandz (active participle present)
rūmidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *rūmijan
Old English: rȳman
Middle English: rimen
English: ream, rim
→ Old French: arimer
Middle French: arrimer
French: arrimer
Old Frisian: rēma
Old Saxon: rūmian
Old Dutch: *rūmen
Middle Dutch: rumen
Dutch: ruimen
>? West Frisian: romje
Old High German: rūmen
Bavarian: rama
German: räumen
Luxembourgish: raumen

Old Norse: rýma

Icelandic: rýma

Faroese: rýma

Norwegian Nynorsk: røma, ryma

Old Swedish: rȳma

Swedish: rymma

Danish: rømme

Norwegian Bokmål: rømme

→ Norwegian Nynorsk: rømma

From *rūmaz (“roomy, spacious”) + *-janą.


smaugijaną

smaugijō (active first-person indicative singular)
smaugijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
smaugijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
smaugīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
smaugijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
smaugī (active imperative second-person singular)
smaugijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
smaugijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
smaugīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
smaugijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
smaugijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
smaugijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
smaugijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
smaugijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
smaugijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
smaugijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
smaugijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
smaugijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
smaugijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
smaugijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
smaugijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
smaugijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
smaugīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
smaugijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
smaugīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
smaugijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
smaugijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
smaugijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
smaugijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
smaugijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
smaugijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
smaugijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
smaugidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
smaugidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
smaugidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
smaugidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
smaugidē (active indicative singular third-person)
smaugidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
smaugidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
smaugidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
smaugidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
smaugidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
smaugidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
smaugidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
smaugidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
smaugidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
smaugidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
smaugidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
smaugijandz (active participle present)
smaugidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *smaugijan
Old English: smēaġan
Middle English: smegen
Old High German: *smougen
Middle High German: smougen

Old Norse: smeygja

Icelandic: smeygja

Faroese: smoyggja

Old Swedish: smø̄ghia

Swedish: smöja

From *smeuganą (“to creep, slip”) + *-janą.


lōgą

lōgą (nominative singular)
lōgō (nominative plural)
lōgą (singular vocative)
lōgō (plural vocative)
lōgą (accusative singular)
lōgō (accusative plural)
lōgas (genitive singular)
lōgis (genitive singular)
lōgǫ̂ (genitive plural)
lōgai (dative singular)
lōgamaz (dative plural)
lōgō (instrumental singular)
lōgamiz (instrumental plural)

Proto-West Germanic: *lōg

Old English: lōh, lōg

Middle English: loȝ, loogh, lough

Old Frisian: lōch

Saterland Frisian: Louch, Loge, Loage

→ Middle Low German: lôg, lôch, loech

German Low German: Loog

Old High German: luog

Middle High German: luoc

German: Lug

Old Norse: lóg

Icelandic: lóg

From Proto-Indo-European *legʰ- (“to be situated, lie”).


nebulaz

nebulaz (nominative singular)
nebulōz (nominative plural)
nebulōs (nominative plural)
nebul (singular vocative)
nebulōz (plural vocative)
nebulōs (plural vocative)
nebulą (accusative singular)
nebulanz (accusative plural)
nebulas (genitive singular)
nebulis (genitive singular)
nebulǫ̂ (genitive plural)
nebulai (dative singular)
nebulamaz (dative plural)
nebulō (instrumental singular)
nebulamiz (instrumental plural)

Old English: nifol

Old Frisian: neval

Old Saxon: nebal, neval

Middle Low German: nēvel

Low German: neavel

Old Dutch: *neval

desctree

Middle Dutch: nēvel
Dutch: nevel
Limburgish: naevel

desc

Old High German: nebul, nibul, nepol, nebel

Middle High German: nebel

German: Nebel

Hunsrik: Newel

Luxembourgish: Niwwel

Vilamovian: naowuł

Yiddish: נעפּל (nepl)

Derived from Proto-Indo-European *nébʰos.


legrą

legrą (nominative singular)
legrō (nominative plural)
legrą (singular vocative)
legrō (plural vocative)
legrą (accusative singular)
legrō (accusative plural)
legras (genitive singular)
ligris (genitive singular)
legrǫ̂ (genitive plural)
legrai (dative singular)
legramaz (dative plural)
legrō (instrumental singular)
legramiz (instrumental plural)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *legr
Old English: leġer
Middle English: leir, leire, lair, lare
English: lair
Scots: lair, lear, layer, lare
Old Frisian: legor, leger
Saterland Frisian: Leeger
West Frisian: leger
Old Saxon: legar
Middle Low German: lēger, lāger
German Low German: Lager
→ Estonian: leer
Old Dutch: *leger
Middle Dutch: lēger
Dutch: leger
Afrikaans: leër
→ English: leaguer
→ Sranan Tongo: legre
Old High German: legar
Middle High German: leger
German: Lager
→ Czech: lágr
→ Danish: lager
→ Dutch: lager
→ English: laager
→ English: lager
→ Estonian: laager
→ Norwegian:
Norwegian Bokmål: lager
Norwegian Nynorsk: lager
→ Romanian: lagăr
→ Russian: лагерь (lagerʹ)
→ Serbo-Croatian: lȏgor
→ Swedish: lager

Old Norse: legr

Norwegian Nynorsk: læger n, leger n

Old Swedish: lægher

Swedish: läger

→ Finnish: leiri

Danish: lejr c

Norwegian Bokmål: leir m

→ Norwegian Nynorsk: leir m

Gothic: 𐌻𐌹𐌲𐍂𐍃 m (ligrs) (< *legraz m)

A substantivization of *legraz, from Proto-Indo-European *legʰ- (“to be situated, lie”).


lepô

lepô (nominative singular)
lepaniz (nominative plural)
lepô (singular vocative)
lepaniz (plural vocative)
lepanų (accusative singular)
lepanunz (accusative plural)
lipiniz (genitive singular)
lepanǫ̂ (genitive plural)
lipini (dative singular)
lepammaz (dative plural)
lipinē (instrumental singular)
lepammiz (instrumental plural)

Proto-West Germanic: *lepō

⇒ Proto-West Germanic: *lepuʀ

⇒ Proto-West Germanic: *lippjō

Old Norse: *lepi

Norwegian: leppe

Old Swedish: læpi, lepe

Swedish: läpp

Old Danish: læpæ

Danish: læbe


rīkijadōmaz

rīkijadōmaz (nominative singular)
rīkijadōmōz (nominative plural)
rīkijadōmōs (nominative plural)
rīkijadōm (singular vocative)
rīkijadōmōz (plural vocative)
rīkijadōmōs (plural vocative)
rīkijadōmą (accusative singular)
rīkijadōmanz (accusative plural)
rīkijadōmas (genitive singular)
rīkijadōmis (genitive singular)
rīkijadōmǫ̂ (genitive plural)
rīkijadōmai (dative singular)
rīkijadōmamaz (dative plural)
rīkijadōmō (instrumental singular)
rīkijadōmamiz (instrumental plural)

desc

Proto-West Germanic: *rīkijadōm, *rīkīdōm

Old English: rīċedōm

Middle English: richedom

English: richdom

Old Frisian: rīkedōm

Saterland Frisian: Riekdum

West Frisian: rykdom

Old Saxon: rīkidōm, rīkdōm

Middle Low German: rîkedôm

German Low German: Riekdoom

Old Dutch: *rīkdōm, *rīktuom

Middle Dutch: rijcdoem, rijcdom

Dutch: rijkdom

Old High German: rīhhituom, rīhtuom

Middle High German: rīchtuom

German: Reichtum

Luxembourgish: Räichtum

Old Norse: ríkdómr

Icelandic: ríkdómur

Faroese: ríkdómur

Norwegian Nynorsk: rikdom

Old Swedish: rīkedōmber, rīkdōmber

Swedish: rikedom

Danish: rigdom

Norwegian Bokmål: rikdom


rēsō

rēsō (nominative singular)
rēsôz (nominative plural)
rēsō (singular vocative)
rēsôz (plural vocative)
rēsǭ (accusative singular)
rēsōz (accusative plural)
rēsōz (genitive singular)
rēsǫ̂ (genitive plural)
rēsōi (dative singular)
rēsōmaz (dative plural)
rēsō (instrumental singular)
rēsōmiz (instrumental plural)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *rās m or n
Old English: rǣs m
Middle English: ræse, rese, resse, res
Scots: rese, res, reas, reace
Old Saxon: *rās
Middle Low German: râs n (“strong current”)
Old Dutch: *rās
>? Middle Dutch: ras (“maelstrom, vortex”)
>? Dutch: raes (“estuary”) (obsolete)

Old Norse: rás f
Faroese: rás
French: raz
Icelandic: rás
→ Middle English: ras, race (through merger with Middle English rees, res < Old English rǣs)
English: race
Scots: ras, rase, race
→ Danish: race, ræs
→ Dutch: race
→ Swedish: race, rejs
→ Norwegian: race, res

From Proto-Indo-European *h₁reh₁s- (“to flow, rush”).


hazdaz

hazdaz (nominative singular)
hazdōz (nominative plural)
hazdōs (nominative plural)
hazd (singular vocative)
hazdōz (plural vocative)
hazdōs (plural vocative)
hazdą (accusative singular)
hazdanz (accusative plural)
hazdas (genitive singular)
hazdis (genitive singular)
hazdǫ̂ (genitive plural)
hazdai (dative singular)
hazdamaz (dative plural)
hazdō (instrumental singular)
hazdamiz (instrumental plural)

Old English: heord, hād (attested in bundenheord, wundenheord, heorþswǣpe (for *heordswǣpe), hādswāpe, etc.)

Old Norse: haddr

Icelandic: haddur

Swedish: hadd

→? Finnish: hahtu, hahtuva

→? Latin: Hasdingi

From Proto-Indo-European *kes- (“to card; comb”).


baugijaną

baugijō (active first-person indicative singular)
baugijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
baugijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
baugīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
baugijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
baugī (active imperative second-person singular)
baugijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
baugijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
baugīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
baugijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
baugijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
baugijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
baugijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
baugijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
baugijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
baugijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
baugijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
baugijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
baugijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
baugijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
baugijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
baugijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
baugīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
baugijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
baugīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
baugijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
baugijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
baugijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
baugijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
baugijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
baugijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
baugijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
baugidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
baugidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
baugidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
baugidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
baugidē (active indicative singular third-person)
baugidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
baugidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
baugidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
baugidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
baugidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
baugidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
baugidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
baugidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
baugidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
baugidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
baugidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
baugijandz (active participle present)
baugidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *baugijan
Old English: bīeġan, bīġan, bȳġan
Middle English: bēgen
English: bay, bebay
Old Frisian: bēia
North Frisian: boje
Saterland Frisian: beegje
West Frisian: bûgje
Old Saxon: bōgian
Middle Low German: bȫgen
Low German: bögen
Old Dutch: bōgen
Middle Dutch: bôgen
Old High German: bougen
Middle High German: bougen
German: beugen
Yiddish: בייגן (beygn)

Old Norse: beygja
Icelandic: beygja
Faroese: boyggja
Norwegian Nynorsk: bøygja, bøya
Old Swedish: bø̄ghia
Swedish: böja
Danish: bøje
Norwegian Bokmål: bøye

⇒ Gothic: 𐌿𐍃𐌱𐌰𐌿𐌲𐌾𐌰𐌽 (usbaugjan)

From *beuganą (“to bow, bend”) + *-janą.


rukkōną

rukkō (active first-person indicative singular)
rukkǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
rukkōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
rukkōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
rukkōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
rukkō (active imperative second-person singular)
rukkōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
rukkōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
rukkōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
rukkō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
rukkōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
rukkōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
rukkōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
rukkōs (active dual first-person indicative)
rukkōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
rukkōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
rukkōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
rukkōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
rukkōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
rukkōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
rukkōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
rukkōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
rukkōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
rukkōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
rukkōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
rukkōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
rukkōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
rukkōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
rukkōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
rukkōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
rukkōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
rukkōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
rukkōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
rukkōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
rukkōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
rukkōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
rukkōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
rukkōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
rukkōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
rukkōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
rukkōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
rukkōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
rukkōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
rukkōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
rukkōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
rukkōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
rukkōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
rukkōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
rukkōndz (active participle present)
rukkōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *rukkōn, *rokkōn

Old English: roccian

desc

Middle English: rokken, roggen, rucken, rocken (cf. also roggelen)

Scots: rok

English: rock, rog (obsolete, dialectal)

→ German: rocken

Old Frisian: *rukkia, *rokkia

Saterland Frisian: rukje, rukke

West Frisian: rokje, rukke, rokke

Old Dutch: *rukkon, *rokkon

Middle Dutch: rucken, rocken

Dutch: rokken, rukken

→ Old French: rocquer

Old High German: *rohhōn, *rochōn

Middle High German: rocken

Old Norse: *rukka, rugga

Icelandic: rukka, rugga

Faroese: rugga

Swedish: rucka

Danish: rokke

From Pre-Germanic *Hruknéh₂-, possibly from Proto-Indo-European *h₃rewk- (“to dig up”), from *Hrew-. Cognate with Latin runcō (“to weed”, verb).


rutāną

rutō (active first-person indicative singular)
rutaisi (active indicative second-person singular)
rutai (active imperative second-person singular)
rutāsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
rutaiþi (active indicative singular third-person)
rutāþau (active imperative singular third-person)
rutāþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
rutōs (active dual first-person indicative)
rutāþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
rutāþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
rutāmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
rutānþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
rutaiþ (active indicative plural second-person)
rutaiþ (active imperative plural second-person)
rutānþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
rutānþi (active indicative plural third-person)
rutānþau (active imperative plural third-person)
rutānþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
rutadǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
rutadēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
rutadēz (active indicative second-person singular)
rutadēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
rutadē (active indicative singular third-person)
rutadēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
rutadēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
rutadēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
rutadēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
rutadēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
rutadēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
rutadēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
rutadēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
rutadēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
rutadēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
rutadēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
rutāndz (active participle present)
rutadaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *rotēn
Old English: rotian
Middle English: roten, roote, rooton, rootye, rot, rote, roti, rotie, rotte, rotten, roty, rotye, rotyn, rotenn, rotien, rotiȝen (Early Middle English)
English: rot
Scots: rot
Yola: rothed, rothyed, rotheda (before consonant) (adj)
Old Frisian: rotia
Saterland Frisian: rootje
West Frisian: rotsje
Old Saxon: rotōn
Middle Low German: rōten
German Low German: rötten
→ German: rotten, verrotten
Old Dutch: *roton
Middle Dutch: rōten, rotten
Dutch: rotten, roten, reuten
Old High German: rozēn, rozzēn
Middle High German: rōzen
German: rößen

Old Norse: rotinn; rotna

Icelandic: rotinn; rotna

Faroese: rotin; rotna

Old Swedish: rutin, rotin; rutna, rotna

Swedish: rutten; ruttna

Old Danish: rotin, raden; rotnæ

Danish: rådden; rådne

Elfdalian: rotin; rottn

Gutnish: ruten, rutn; rutna

Scanian: røden; rødna

→ Middle English: rotin, roten

Scots: rottin, rotten

English: rotten

From Proto-Indo-European *Hrewd- (“to tear; rend”).


fursaz

fursaz (nominative singular)
fursōz (nominative plural)
fursōs (nominative plural)
furs (singular vocative)
fursōz (plural vocative)
fursōs (plural vocative)
fursą (accusative singular)
fursanz (accusative plural)
fursas (genitive singular)
fursis (genitive singular)
fursǫ̂ (genitive plural)
fursai (dative singular)
fursamaz (dative plural)
fursō (instrumental singular)
fursamiz (instrumental plural)

desctree

Old Norse: fors, foss
Icelandic: fors, foss
→ English: foss
Faroese: fossur
Norn: fors
Norwegian: foss, fors
→ Danish: fos, >? fors
Norwegian Bokmål: foss
Old Swedish: fors
Swedish: fors
Middle Danish: fors
>? Danish: fors (influenced by Norwegian)
→ Middle English: fors, force
English: force (in the sense of a waterfall) (Northern England)
→ Middle Low German: vorsch

→ Proto-Finnic: *purha (see there for further descendants)

From Pre-Germanic *pŕ̥sos, from Proto-Indo-European *pers- (“to spray, splash”).


karmiz

karmiz (nominative singular)
karmīz (nominative plural)
karmi (singular vocative)
karmīz (plural vocative)
karmį (accusative singular)
karminz (accusative plural)
karmīz (genitive singular)
karmijǫ̂ (genitive plural)
karmī (dative singular)
karmimaz (dative plural)
karmī (instrumental singular)
karmimiz (instrumental plural)

Proto-West Germanic: *karmi, *karm

Old English: ċierm (< *karmiz); ċearm (< *karmaz)

desctree

Middle English: chirm, chirme
English: chirm, churm; charm, jarm
Scots: chirm, churme

Old Frisian: *zerm, *kerm

desc

⇒ West Frisian: tsjirmje, tjirmje, kjirmje

Old Saxon: karm, *kerm

⇒ Middle Low German: karmen, kermen (“to wail, whine, whimper, lament, sigh, moan”)

⇒ Middle Low German: karminge f

Old Dutch: *karm, *kerm

Middle Dutch: kerme f

⇒ Middle Dutch: carmen, caermen, kermen

Dutch: kermen

Afrikaans: kerm

⇒ Middle Dutch: gecarm, gecarem, gekerm n

Dutch: gekerm

Old High German: *charm, *karm

⇒ Middle High German: karmen (“to mourn, grieve, lament”)

German: karmen

From Proto-Indo-European *ǵh₂r-smn̥ (“call, cry”), from *ǵeh₂r- (“to call”). Cognate with Old Irish gairm (“call, shout”).

inh

(West Germanic) cry; call; shout; lament


kurþrą

kurþrą (nominative singular)
kurþrō (nominative plural)
kurþrą (singular vocative)
kurþrō (plural vocative)
kurþrą (accusative singular)
kurþrō (accusative plural)
kurþras (genitive singular)
kurþris (genitive singular)
kurþrǫ̂ (genitive plural)
kurþrai (dative singular)
kurþramaz (dative plural)
kurþrō (instrumental singular)
kurþramiz (instrumental plural)

Old English: corþer

Old High German: *kortar (< *kurdrą)

Middle High German: korter, korder

From Proto-Indo-European *h₂gr̥trom, from *h₂ger- (“to gather”) + *-þrą. Compare Ancient Greek ἀγείρω (ageírō, “to collect, gather”).


gimrī

gimrī (nominative singular)
gimrijôz (nominative plural)
gimrī (singular vocative)
gimrijôz (plural vocative)
gimrijǭ (accusative singular)
gimrijōz (accusative plural)
gimrijōz (genitive singular)
gimrijǫ̂ (genitive plural)
gimrijōi (dative singular)
gimrijōmaz (dative plural)
gimrijō (instrumental singular)
gimrijōmiz (instrumental plural)

Old Norse: gimbr, gymbr

Icelandic: gimbur

Faroese: gimbur

Swedish: gimmer, gimra

Danish: gimmer, gimmerlam

→ English: gimmer

From Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰim-, *ǵʰeym- (“winter, snow”). Compare Ancient Greek χίμαιρα (khímaira, “goat”).


hellaną

hellō (active first-person indicative singular)
hellaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
hellai (first-person indicative passive singular)
hillizi (active indicative second-person singular)
hellaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
hell (active imperative second-person singular)
hellazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
hellaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
hillidi (active indicative singular third-person)
hellai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
helladau (active imperative singular third-person)
helladai (indicative passive singular third-person)
hellaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
hellōz (active dual first-person indicative)
hellaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
helladiz (active dual indicative second-person)
hellaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
helladiz (active dual imperative second-person)
hellamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
hellaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
hellandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
hellaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
hillid (active indicative plural second-person)
hellaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
hillid (active imperative plural second-person)
hellandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
hellaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
hellandi (active indicative plural third-person)
hellain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
hellandau (active imperative plural third-person)
hellandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
hellaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
hall (active first-person indicative singular)
hullį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
hallt (active indicative second-person singular)
hullīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
hall (active indicative singular third-person)
hullī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
hullū (active dual first-person indicative)
hullīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
hulludiz (active dual indicative second-person)
hullīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
hullum (active first-person indicative plural)
hullīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
hullud (active indicative plural second-person)
hullīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
hullun (active indicative plural third-person)
hullīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
hellandz (active participle present)
hullanaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Old English: *hiellan (attested as hieldon (plural past tense) < *hallijaną)

Old Dutch: *hellan

Middle Dutch: hellen

Old High German: hellan

Middle High German: hellen

German: hellen

From Proto-Indo-European *kelh₁- (“to call, make noise”).


taugijaną

taugijō (active first-person indicative singular)
taugijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
taugijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
taugīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
taugijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
taugī (active imperative second-person singular)
taugijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
taugijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
taugīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
taugijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
taugijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
taugijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
taugijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
taugijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
taugijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
taugijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
taugijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
taugijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
taugijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
taugijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
taugijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
taugijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
taugīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
taugijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
taugīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
taugijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
taugijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
taugijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
taugijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
taugijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
taugijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
taugijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
taugidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
taugidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
taugidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
taugidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
taugidē (active indicative singular third-person)
taugidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
taugidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
taugidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
taugidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
taugidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
taugidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
taugidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
taugidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
taugidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
taugidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
taugidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
taugijandz (active participle present)
taugidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Old English: tīeġan, tīġan, tȳġan — Late West Saxon
Middle English: teyen, tegh, teiȝen, tey, teye, teyȝe, teyn, teyyn, thyen, tien, tye, tyȝe (through the Anglian variant)
English: tie
Scots: tee, tie

Old Saxon: *tōgian

Middle Low German: *tö̂gen, *tö̂jen

German Low German: töjen

q

in <i class="Latn mention" lang="goh">duruhzougen</i>

Old High German: *zougen (ppt) (in duruhzougen)

Old Norse: teygja

Icelandic: teygja

Faroese: toyggja

Norwegian: tøye

Old Swedish: tø̄ghia

Swedish: töja

Old Danish: tø̄ghæ

Danish: tøje

Gutnish: tåige

Scanian: tǿja


skrinkwaną

skrinkwō (active first-person indicative singular)
skrinkwaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
skrinkwai (first-person indicative passive singular)
skrinkwizi (active indicative second-person singular)
skrinkwaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
skrinkw (active imperative second-person singular)
skrinkwazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
skrinkwaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
skrinkwidi (active indicative singular third-person)
skrinkwai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
skrinkwadau (active imperative singular third-person)
skrinkwadai (indicative passive singular third-person)
skrinkwaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
skrinkwōz (active dual first-person indicative)
skrinkwaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
skrinkwadiz (active dual indicative second-person)
skrinkwaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
skrinkwadiz (active dual imperative second-person)
skrinkwamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
skrinkwaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
skrinkwandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
skrinkwaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
skrinkwid (active indicative plural second-person)
skrinkwaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
skrinkwid (active imperative plural second-person)
skrinkwandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
skrinkwaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
skrinkwandi (active indicative plural third-person)
skrinkwain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
skrinkwandau (active imperative plural third-person)
skrinkwandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
skrinkwaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
skrankw (active first-person indicative singular)
skrunkį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
skranht (active indicative second-person singular)
skrunkīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
skrankw (active indicative singular third-person)
skrunkī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
skrunkū (active dual first-person indicative)
skrunkīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
skrunkudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
skrunkīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
skrunkum (active first-person indicative plural)
skrunkīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
skrunkud (active indicative plural second-person)
skrunkīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
skrunkun (active indicative plural third-person)
skrunkīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
skrinkwandz (active participle present)
skrunkanaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Old English: sċrincan
Middle English: schrynken, schrinke, schryngke, schrynke, schrynkyn, shrincke, shrinke, shrinken, scrinkin
English: shrink
Scots: scrink

Old Dutch: *skrinkan

Middle Dutch: *schrinken

Dutch: schrinken

Old Norse: *skrykkva, *skrøkkva

Norwegian: skrøkka

Old Swedish: skrunkin (attested as past participle)

Possibly from sk-r-ingʷ-onom, from Proto-Indo-European *sker- (“to wrinkle, wither”).


bēganą

bēgō (active first-person indicative singular)
bēgaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
bēgai (first-person indicative passive singular)
bēgizi (active indicative second-person singular)
bēgaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
bēg (active imperative second-person singular)
bēgazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
bēgaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
bēgidi (active indicative singular third-person)
bēgai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
bēgadau (active imperative singular third-person)
bēgadai (indicative passive singular third-person)
bēgaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
bēgōz (active dual first-person indicative)
bēgaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
bēgadiz (active dual indicative second-person)
bēgaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
bēgadiz (active dual imperative second-person)
bēgamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
bēgaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
bēgandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
bēgaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
bēgid (active indicative plural second-person)
bēgaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
bēgid (active imperative plural second-person)
bēgandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
bēgaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
bēgandi (active indicative plural third-person)
bēgain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
bēgandau (active imperative plural third-person)
bēgandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
bēgaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
bebēg (active first-person indicative singular)
bebēgį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
bebēht (active indicative second-person singular)
bebēgīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
bebēg (active indicative singular third-person)
bebēgī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
bebēgū (active dual first-person indicative)
bebēgīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
bebēgudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
bebēgīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
bebēgum (active first-person indicative plural)
bebēgīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
bebēgud (active indicative plural second-person)
bebēgīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
bebēgun (active indicative plural third-person)
bebēgīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
bēgandz (active participle present)
bēganaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Old Dutch:

Middle Dutch:

Dutch: bageren

desctree

Old High German: bāgan, pāgan
Middle High German: bāgen
⇒ German: bägern
Bavarian: bägen
⇒ Swabian: bägeren
→ Middle French: bagarot
→ Occitan: bagarro
→ French: bagarre; bagarrer
→ Italian: bagarre

Old Norse: bága

Faroese: bága

⇒ Old Norse: bægja

Icelandic: bægja

/ˈbɛː.ɣɑ.nɑ̃/

Uncertain; perhaps, related to Old Irish bág (“war”) and Old Irish bágaid (“to battle”), which has been proposed to stem from Proto-Indo-European *bʰeh₁ǵʰ- (“to dispute, quarrel”).

der

Helmut Rix
Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben


skrankijaną

skrankijō (active first-person indicative singular)
skrankijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
skrankijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
skrankīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
skrankijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
skrankī (active imperative second-person singular)
skrankijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
skrankijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
skrankīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
skrankijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
skrankijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
skrankijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
skrankijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
skrankijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
skrankijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
skrankijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
skrankijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
skrankijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
skrankijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
skrankijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
skrankijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
skrankijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
skrankīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
skrankijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
skrankīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
skrankijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
skrankijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
skrankijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
skrankijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
skrankijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
skrankijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
skrankijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
skrankidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
skrankidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
skrankidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
skrankidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
skrankidē (active indicative singular third-person)
skrankidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
skrankidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
skrankidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
skrankidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
skrankidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
skrankidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
skrankidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
skrankidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
skrankidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
skrankidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
skrankidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
skrankijandz (active participle present)
skrankidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Old English: ġesċrenċan

Middle English: shrenchen

From *skrinkwaną (“to shrink”) + *-janą.


skrankijaną

Old English: sċrenċan

Middle English: shrenchen

Old Dutch: *skrenken

Middle Dutch: screnken

Dutch: schrenken

Old High German: *skrenken

Middle High German: schrenken

German: schränken

to limit, restrict; to ensnare, catch someone up


kīnaną

kīnō (active first-person indicative singular)
kīnaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
kīnai (first-person indicative passive singular)
kīnizi (active indicative second-person singular)
kīnaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
kīn (active imperative second-person singular)
kīnazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
kīnaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
kīnidi (active indicative singular third-person)
kīnai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
kīnadau (active imperative singular third-person)
kīnadai (indicative passive singular third-person)
kīnaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
kīnōz (active dual first-person indicative)
kīnaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
kīnadiz (active dual indicative second-person)
kīnaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
kīnadiz (active dual imperative second-person)
kīnamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
kīnaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
kīnandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
kīnaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
kīnid (active indicative plural second-person)
kīnaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
kīnid (active imperative plural second-person)
kīnandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
kīnaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
kīnandi (active indicative plural third-person)
kīnain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
kīnandau (active imperative plural third-person)
kīnandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
kīnaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
kai (active first-person indicative singular)
kijį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
kait (active indicative second-person singular)
kijīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
kai (active indicative singular third-person)
kijī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
kijū (active dual first-person indicative)
kijīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
kijudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
kijīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
kijum (active first-person indicative plural)
kijīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
kijud (active indicative plural second-person)
kijīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
kijun (active indicative plural third-person)
kijīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
kīnandz (active participle present)
kijanaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *kīnan
Old English: ċīnan
Middle English: chynen, chine, chyne
English: chine (obsolete)
Scots: chime, chun
Old Frisian: *kīna
Saterland Frisian: kiene
Old Saxon: kīnan
Middle Low German: kînen, ⇒ kîmen (influenced by kīme)
German Low German: kienen
Old Dutch: *kīnan
Middle Dutch: kinen
Old High German: kīnan
Middle High German: kīnen, ⇒ kīmen (influenced by kīme)
German: keimen
→⇒ Old French: rekigner, reschignier, rechignier (“to grimace”)
Old French: *rekin, reschin (“shark”)
Middle French: requin (via Norman French)
French: requin
→ English: requin

Gothic: 𐌺𐌴𐌹𐌽𐌰𐌽 (keinan)

From Pre-Germanic *ǵey-n-, originally a nasal-present from Proto-Indo-European *ǵeyH- (“to break open, germinate”). Cognate with Lithuanian žydė́ti (“to flower, bloom”).

der

Brill Publishers
Helmut Rix
Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben


spangō

spangō (nominative singular)
spangôz (nominative plural)
spangō (singular vocative)
spangôz (plural vocative)
spangǭ (accusative singular)
spangōz (accusative plural)
spangōz (genitive singular)
spangǫ̂ (genitive plural)
spangōi (dative singular)
spangōmaz (dative plural)
spangō (instrumental singular)
spangōmiz (instrumental plural)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *spangu
Old English: spang
Old High German: spanga

Old Norse: spǫng

Icelandic: spöng

Old Swedish: spang

Swedish: spång

Uncertain. Possibly derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *(s)penh₁- (“to spin, braid”).


midją

midją (nominative singular)
midjō (nominative plural)
midją (singular vocative)
midjō (plural vocative)
midją (accusative singular)
midjō (accusative plural)
midjas (genitive singular)
midis (genitive singular)
midjǫ̂ (genitive plural)
midjai (dative singular)
midjamaz (dative plural)
midjō (instrumental singular)
midjamiz (instrumental plural)

Old English: midd

Middle English: mid

English: mid

Old High German: mitti
Middle High German: mitte
German: Mitte
Yiddish: מיט (mit)

>? Old Norse: mið
Icelandic: mið n
Faroese: mið n
Norwegian Nynorsk: med, méd n
Norwegian Bokmål: med n


mēaną

mēō (active first-person indicative singular)
mēaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
mēai (first-person indicative passive singular)
mēizi (active indicative second-person singular)
mēaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
mē (active imperative second-person singular)
mēazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
mēaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
mēidi (active indicative singular third-person)
mēai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
mēadau (active imperative singular third-person)
mēadai (indicative passive singular third-person)
mēaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
mēōz (active dual first-person indicative)
mēaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
mēadiz (active dual indicative second-person)
mēaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
mēadiz (active dual imperative second-person)
mēamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
mēaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
mēandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
mēaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
mēid (active indicative plural second-person)
mēaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
mēid (active imperative plural second-person)
mēandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
mēaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
mēandi (active indicative plural third-person)
mēain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
mēandau (active imperative plural third-person)
mēandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
mēaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
memō (active first-person indicative singular)
memōį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
memōt (active indicative second-person singular)
memōīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
memō (active indicative singular third-person)
memōī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
memōū (active dual first-person indicative)
memōīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
memōudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
memōīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
memōum (active first-person indicative plural)
memōīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
memōud (active indicative plural second-person)
memōīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
memōun (active indicative plural third-person)
memōīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
mēandz (active participle present)
mēanaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *māan
Old English: māwan
Middle English: mawen, mowen
English: mow
Scots: maw
Old Frisian: *meā, *miā
Saterland Frisian: mjo
West Frisian: mjeane, meane
Old Saxon: *māian
Middle Low German: meien, meyen, meygen, meigen, mêgen
German Low German: maihen
→ Swedish: meja
→ Danish: meje
→ Norwegian:
Norwegian Bokmål: meie
Norwegian Nynorsk: meia, meie
Old Dutch: *māien
Middle Dutch: mâyen
Dutch: maaien
Afrikaans: maai
Old High German: māen
Middle High German: mæjen
German: mähen
Luxembourgish: méien

/ˈmɛː.ɑ.nɑ̃/

From Proto-Indo-European *h₂meh₁- (“to mow”).


faiknaz

*faiknaz (a-stem)

faiknaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
faiknai (masculine nominative plural strong)
faiknō (feminine nominative singular strong)
faiknôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
faikną (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
faiknō (neuter nominative plural strong)
faiknanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
faiknanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
faiknǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
faiknōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
faikną (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
faiknō (accusative neuter plural strong)
faiknas (genitive masculine singular strong)
-is (genitive masculine singular strong)
faiknaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
faiknaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
faiknaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
faiknas (genitive neuter singular strong)
-is (genitive neuter singular strong)
faiknaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
faiknammai (dative masculine singular strong)
faiknaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
faiknaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
faiknaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
faiknammai (dative neuter singular strong)
faiknaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
faiknanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
faiknaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
faiknaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
faiknaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
faiknanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
faiknaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
faiknô (masculine nominative singular weak)
faiknaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
faiknǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
faiknōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
faiknô (neuter nominative singular weak)
faiknōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
faiknanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
faiknanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
faiknōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
faiknōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
faiknô (accusative neuter singular weak)
faiknōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
faikniniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
faiknanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
faiknōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
faiknōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
faikniniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
faiknanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
faiknini (dative masculine singular weak)
faiknammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
faiknōni (dative feminine singular weak)
faiknōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
faiknini (dative neuter singular weak)
faiknammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
faikninē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
faiknammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
faiknōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
faiknōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
faikninē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
faiknammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

Old English: fācen

Middle English: fāken, fōken

Old Saxon: fēkni, fēgni

Old High German: feihhan, feichan

Middle High German: veichen

Old Norse: feikn

From Proto-Indo-European *peyǵ- (“hostile, angry”).


arhwō

arhwō (nominative singular)
arhwôz (nominative plural)
arhwō (singular vocative)
arhwôz (plural vocative)
arhwǭ (accusative singular)
arhwōz (accusative plural)
arhwōz (genitive singular)
arhwǫ̂ (genitive plural)
arhwōi (dative singular)
arhwōmaz (dative plural)
arhwō (instrumental singular)
arhwōmiz (instrumental plural)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *arhu
Old English: earh, arwe, arewe
Middle English: arwe, arewe, arowe, arow
Scots: arowe, arow
English: arrow

Old Norse: ǫr
Icelandic: ör
Faroese: ørv f, ørvur m
Old Swedish: arf
→ Swedish: Orvar (borrowed from Old West Norse as personal name)

Gothic: *𐌰𐍂𐍈𐌰 (*arƕa)

⇒ Gothic: 𐌰𐍂𐍈𐌰𐌶𐌽𐌰 (arƕazna)

From Proto-Indo-European *h₂érkʷo- (“bow, arrow”). Compare Latin arcus.


aigǭ

aigǭ (nominative singular)
aigōniz (nominative plural)
aigǭ (singular vocative)
aigōniz (plural vocative)
aigōnų (accusative singular)
aigōnunz (accusative plural)
aigōniz (genitive singular)
aigōnǫ̂ (genitive plural)
aigōni (dative singular)
aigōmaz (dative plural)
aigōnē (instrumental singular)
aigōmiz (instrumental plural)

Old English: āge

desctree

Old Norse: eiga
Icelandic: eiga
Faroese: eiga
Norwegian Nynorsk: eiga; (dialectal) ega
Elfdalian: iegå
Old Swedish: ǣgha, ēgha
Swedish: äga
Danish: eje
Norwegian Bokmål: eie
Old Gutnish: aiga


aidaz

aidaz (nominative singular)
aidōz (nominative plural)
aidōs (nominative plural)
aid (singular vocative)
aidōz (plural vocative)
aidōs (plural vocative)
aidą (accusative singular)
aidanz (accusative plural)
aidas (genitive singular)
aidis (genitive singular)
aidǫ̂ (genitive plural)
aidai (dative singular)
aidamaz (dative plural)
aidō (instrumental singular)
aidamiz (instrumental plural)

Old English: ād
Middle English: ād

Old Saxon: ēd

Old High German: eit

Middle High German: eit

From Proto-Indo-European *h₂eydʰ- (“to burn, shine”), apparently continuing an extension *h₂ey-dʰh₁- (“to put to the fire”). Related to Ancient Greek αἴθω (aíthō, “to ignite, kindle”).


fōriją

fōriją (nominative singular)
fōrijō (nominative plural)
fōriją (singular vocative)
fōrijō (plural vocative)
fōriją (accusative singular)
fōrijō (accusative plural)
fōrijas (genitive singular)
fōrīs (genitive singular)
fōrijǫ̂ (genitive plural)
fōrijai (dative singular)
fōrijamaz (dative plural)
fōrijō (instrumental singular)
fōrijamiz (instrumental plural)

Old Frisian: fēre

Old High German: gifuori

Old Norse: fœri

Icelandic: færi

Faroese: føri

Old Swedish: fø̄re

Swedish: före

⇒ Old Danish: torfør

Danish: føre

Derived from *fōriz (“suitable”), or directly from *fōrijaną (“to lead”).