rūmaz

*rūmaz (a-stem)

rūmaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
rūmai (masculine nominative plural strong)
rūmō (feminine nominative singular strong)
rūmôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
rūmą (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
rūmō (neuter nominative plural strong)
rūmanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
rūmanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
rūmǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
rūmōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
rūmą (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
rūmō (accusative neuter plural strong)
rūmas (genitive masculine singular strong)
-is (genitive masculine singular strong)
rūmaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
rūmaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
rūmaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
rūmas (genitive neuter singular strong)
-is (genitive neuter singular strong)
rūmaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
rūmammai (dative masculine singular strong)
rūmaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
rūmaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
rūmaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
rūmammai (dative neuter singular strong)
rūmaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
rūmanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
rūmaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
rūmaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
rūmaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
rūmanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
rūmaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
rūmô (masculine nominative singular weak)
rūmaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
rūmǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
rūmōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
rūmô (neuter nominative singular weak)
rūmōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
rūmanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
rūmanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
rūmōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
rūmōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
rūmô (accusative neuter singular weak)
rūmōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
rūminiz (genitive masculine singular weak)
rūmanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
rūmōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
rūmōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
rūminiz (genitive neuter singular weak)
rūmanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
rūmini (dative masculine singular weak)
rūmammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
rūmōni (dative feminine singular weak)
rūmōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
rūmini (dative neuter singular weak)
rūmammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
rūminē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
rūmammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
rūmōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
rūmōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
rūminē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
rūmammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *rūm
Old English: rūm
Middle English: rum, roum
Scots: roum, rowm
English: room (adjective) (archaic)
Old Frisian: rūm
Saterland Frisian: ruum
West Frisian: rom, rûm
Old Saxon: *rūm
Middle Low German: rūm
German Low German: ruum
⇒ German Low German: geruum
Old Dutch: *rūm
Middle Dutch: ruum
Dutch: ruim
Afrikaans: ruim
Old High German: rūmi
Middle High German: rūme
German: raum (rare)

Old Norse: rúmr

Icelandic: rúmur

Faroese: rúmur

Norn: rum

Old Swedish: rūmber

Swedish: rum (archaic)

Danish: rum

Norwegian: rom

Gothic: 𐍂𐌿𐌼𐍃 (rums)

From Pre-Germanic *ruh₁mos, an adjectival mo-stem from Proto-Indo-European *rewh₁- (“open space, land”). Related to Latin rūs (“country”).


lēkinō

lēkinō (nominative singular)
lēkinôz (nominative plural)
lēkinō (singular vocative)
lēkinôz (plural vocative)
lēkinǭ (accusative singular)
lēkinōz (accusative plural)
lēkinōz (genitive singular)
lēkinǫ̂ (genitive plural)
lēkinōi (dative singular)
lēkinōmaz (dative plural)
lēkinō (instrumental singular)
lēkinōmiz (instrumental plural)

Old Norse: lækn

Icelandic: lækn


luhatjaną

luhatjō (active first-person indicative singular)
luhatjaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
luhatjai (first-person indicative passive singular)
luhatisi (active indicative second-person singular)
luhatjais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
luhati (active imperative second-person singular)
luhatjasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
luhatjaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
luhatiþi (active indicative singular third-person)
luhatjai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
luhatjaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
luhatjaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
luhatjaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
luhatjōs (active dual first-person indicative)
luhatjaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
luhatjaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
luhatjaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
luhatjaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
luhatjamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
luhatjaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
luhatjanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
luhatjainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
luhatiþ (active indicative plural second-person)
luhatjaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
luhatiþ (active imperative plural second-person)
luhatjanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
luhatjainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
luhatjanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
luhatjain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
luhatjanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
luhatjanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
luhatjainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
luhastǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
luhastēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
luhastēz (active indicative second-person singular)
luhastēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
luhastē (active indicative singular third-person)
luhastēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
luhastēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
luhastēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
luhastēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
luhastēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
luhastēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
luhastēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
luhastēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
luhastēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
luhastēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
luhastēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
luhatjandz (active participle present)
luhatidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Old High German: lohezzen

Gothic: 𐌻𐌰𐌿𐌷𐌰𐍄𐌾𐌰𐌽 (lauhatjan)


-isōną

-isō (active first-person indicative singular)
-isǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
-isōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
-isōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
-isōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
-isō (active imperative second-person singular)
-isōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
-isōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
-isōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
-isō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
-isōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
-isōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
-isōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
-isōs (active dual first-person indicative)
-isōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
-isōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
-isōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
-isōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
-isōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
-isōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
-isōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
-isōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
-isōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
-isōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
-isōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
-isōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
-isōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
-isōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
-isōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
-isōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
-isōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
-isōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
-isōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
-isōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
-isōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
-isōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
-isōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
-isōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
-isōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
-isōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
-isōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
-isōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
-isōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
-isōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
-isōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
-isōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
-isōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
-isōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
-isōndz (active participle present)
-isōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Old English: -sian

Middle English: -sen

English: -se, -ce

Old Saxon: -isōn

Old High German: -isōn

Old Norse: -sa

Icelandic: -sa

Norwegian: -se

Swedish: -sa

Danish: -se

Gothic: -𐌹𐍃𐍉𐌽 (-isōn)

Creates denominatives from adjectives or nouns.


lēkinōną

lēkinō (active first-person indicative singular)
lēkinǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
lēkinōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
lēkinōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
lēkinōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
lēkinō (active imperative second-person singular)
lēkinōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
lēkinōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
lēkinōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
lēkinō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
lēkinōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
lēkinōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
lēkinōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
lēkinōs (active dual first-person indicative)
lēkinōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
lēkinōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
lēkinōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
lēkinōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
lēkinōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
lēkinōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
lēkinōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
lēkinōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
lēkinōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
lēkinōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
lēkinōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
lēkinōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
lēkinōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
lēkinōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
lēkinōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
lēkinōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
lēkinōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
lēkinōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
lēkinōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
lēkinōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
lēkinōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
lēkinōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
lēkinōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
lēkinōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
lēkinōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
lēkinōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
lēkinōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
lēkinōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
lēkinōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
lēkinōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
lēkinōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
lēkinōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
lēkinōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
lēkinōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
lēkinōndz (active participle present)
lēkinōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *lākinōn
Old English: lǣcnian, lācnian
Old Saxon: lāknon
Old High German: lāhhanon, lāhhinon

Old Norse: lækna

Icelandic: lækna

Faroese: lækna

Old Swedish: lǣkia

Swedish: läka

→ Finnish: lääkitä

Gothic: 𐌻𐌴𐌺𐌹𐌽𐍉𐌽 (lēkinōn)


-inōną

-inō (active first-person indicative singular)
-inǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
-inōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
-inōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
-inōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
-inō (active imperative second-person singular)
-inōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
-inōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
-inōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
-inō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
-inōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
-inōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
-inōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
-inōs (active dual first-person indicative)
-inōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
-inōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
-inōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
-inōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
-inōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
-inōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
-inōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
-inōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
-inōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
-inōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
-inōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
-inōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
-inōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
-inōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
-inōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
-inōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
-inōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
-inōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
-inōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
-inōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
-inōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
-inōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
-inōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
-inōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
-inōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
-inōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
-inōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
-inōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
-inōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
-inōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
-inōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
-inōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
-inōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
-inōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
-inōndz (active participle present)
-inōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *-inōn

Old English: -nian

desc

Middle English: -nien, -enien, -nen, -enen

English: -en

Scots: -in, -en

Old Frisian: -nia

Saterland Frisian: -enje

West Frisian: -enje

Old Saxon: *inōn, -nōn

Middle Low German: -enen

Old Dutch: *inon

Middle Dutch: -enen

Old High German: -inōn, -anōn

Middle High German: -enen, -nen

Old Norse: -na

Icelandic: -na

Norwegian Bokmål: -ne

Norwegian Nynorsk: -ne

Swedish: -na

Danish: -ne

Gothic: -𐌹𐌽𐍉𐌽 (-inōn)

Formed from the singular oblique stem of masculine n-stems: *-in- + *-ōną.

Creates denominatives from nouns referring to persons, meaning to be or perform the duties of that person.


lēkijaz

lēkijaz (nominative singular)
lēkijōz (nominative plural)
lēkijōs (nominative plural)
lēkī (singular vocative)
lēkijōz (plural vocative)
lēkijōs (plural vocative)
lēkiją (accusative singular)
lēkijanz (accusative plural)
lēkijas (genitive singular)
lēkīs (genitive singular)
lēkijǫ̂ (genitive plural)
lēkijai (dative singular)
lēkijamaz (dative plural)
lēkijō (instrumental singular)
lēkijamiz (instrumental plural)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *lākī
Old English: lǣċe
Middle English: leche
English: leech
Old Frisian: lēka, lētza
Old High German: lāhhi

Old Norse:

Old East Norse: *lækir

Old West Norse: læknir
Icelandic: læknir
Faroese: lækni
Old Swedish: lǣkir, lǣkiare
Swedish: läkare
→ Finnish: lääkäri, lääke
→ Norwegian:
Norwegian Nynorsk: lækjar
Old Danish: lægæ, legi
Danish: læge
→ Norwegian:
Norwegian Bokmål: lege
Norwegian Nynorsk: lege

Gothic: 𐌻𐌴𐌺𐌴𐌹𐍃 (lēkeis)

Uncertain; possibly from *lēkiz (“healing; medicine; healer”) + *-jaz, or borrowed from Proto-Celtic *leigis of the same root. Perhaps also from Proto-Indo-European *leǵ- (“to collect, gather”), and thus related to Latin legō and Proto-Slavic *lěkъ.


-atjaną

-atjō (active first-person indicative singular)
-atjaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
-atjai (first-person indicative passive singular)
-atisi (active indicative second-person singular)
-atjais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
-ati (active imperative second-person singular)
-atjasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
-atjaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
-atiþi (active indicative singular third-person)
-atjai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
-atjaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
-atjaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
-atjaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
-atjōs (active dual first-person indicative)
-atjaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
-atjaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
-atjaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
-atjaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
-atjamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
-atjaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
-atjanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
-atjainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
-atiþ (active indicative plural second-person)
-atjaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
-atiþ (active imperative plural second-person)
-atjanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
-atjainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
-atjanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
-atjain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
-atjanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
-atjanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
-atjainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
-astǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
-astēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
-astēz (active indicative second-person singular)
-astēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
-astē (active indicative singular third-person)
-astēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
-astēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
-astēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
-astēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
-astēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
-astēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
-astēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
-astēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
-astēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
-astēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
-astēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
-atjandz (active participle present)
-atidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *-attjan
Old English: -ettan
Middle English: thouten (“to address as 'thou'”), yeten (“to address as 'ye'”) (likely); grunten (from Old English grunnettan); spouten,
English: yeet, grunt, fidget (possibly), spout, botch, haunt (via French)
Old High German: -azzen, -ezzen
Middle High German: -ezzen, -zen, -sen
German: -zen, -sen

Old Norse: -ta

Icelandic: -ta

Faroese: -ta

Norwegian Nynorsk: -ta

Old Swedish: -ta

Swedish: -ta

Danish: -te

Norwegian Bokmål: -te

Gothic: -𐌰𐍄𐌾𐌰𐌽 (-atjan)

From Proto-Indo-European *-dyé- (verbal suffix). Cognate with Ancient Greek -άζω (-ázō).

der

Creates verbs from nouns and adjectives, similar to -ise.

Creates intensive verbs from other verbs.


rekwaz

rekwaz (nominative singular)
rekwaz (singular vocative)
rekwaz (accusative singular)
rekwiziz (genitive singular)
rekwizi (dative singular)
rekwizē (instrumental singular)

Old Norse: røkkr n

Icelandic: rökkur

Gothic: 𐍂𐌹𐌵𐌹𐍃 (riqis)


furhtaz

*furhtaz (a-stem)

furhtaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
furhtai (masculine nominative plural strong)
furhtō (feminine nominative singular strong)
furhtôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
furhtą (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
furhtō (neuter nominative plural strong)
furhtanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
furhtanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
furhtǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
furhtōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
furhtą (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
furhtō (accusative neuter plural strong)
furhtas (genitive masculine singular strong)
-is (genitive masculine singular strong)
furhtaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
furhtaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
furhtaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
furhtas (genitive neuter singular strong)
-is (genitive neuter singular strong)
furhtaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
furhtammai (dative masculine singular strong)
furhtaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
furhtaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
furhtaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
furhtammai (dative neuter singular strong)
furhtaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
furhtanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
furhtaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
furhtaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
furhtaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
furhtanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
furhtaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
furhtô (masculine nominative singular weak)
furhtaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
furhtǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
furhtōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
furhtô (neuter nominative singular weak)
furhtōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
furhtanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
furhtanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
furhtōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
furhtōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
furhtô (accusative neuter singular weak)
furhtōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
furhtiniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
furhtanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
furhtōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
furhtōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
furhtiniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
furhtanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
furhtini (dative masculine singular weak)
furhtammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
furhtōni (dative feminine singular weak)
furhtōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
furhtini (dative neuter singular weak)
furhtammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
furhtinē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
furhtammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
furhtōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
furhtōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
furhtinē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
furhtammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *forht
Old English: forht, froht
Old Saxon: forht
Old High German: *forht, *foraht
⇒ Old High German: gotforht, gotforaht

Gothic: 𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌷𐍄𐍃 (faurhts)

A zero-grade derivation in *-to- from Proto-Indo-European *pr̥k- (“fear”). Compare Tocharian B pärsk-.


galīkāną

galīkō (active first-person indicative singular)
galīkaisi (active indicative second-person singular)
galīkai (active imperative second-person singular)
galīkāsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
galīkaiþi (active indicative singular third-person)
galīkāþau (active imperative singular third-person)
galīkāþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
galīkōs (active dual first-person indicative)
galīkāþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
galīkāþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
galīkāmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
galīkānþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
galīkaiþ (active indicative plural second-person)
galīkaiþ (active imperative plural second-person)
galīkānþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
galīkānþi (active indicative plural third-person)
galīkānþau (active imperative plural third-person)
galīkānþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
galīkadǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
galīkadēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
galīkadēz (active indicative second-person singular)
galīkadēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
galīkadē (active indicative singular third-person)
galīkadēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
galīkadēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
galīkadēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
galīkadēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
galīkadēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
galīkadēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
galīkadēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
galīkadēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
galīkadēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
galīkadēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
galīkadēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
galīkāndz (active participle present)
galīkadaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *galīkēn
Old English: ġelīcian
Old Saxon: *gilīkōn
Middle Low German: gelīken
Old Dutch: gilīkon
Old High German: gilīhhēn
Middle High German: gelīchen

Old Norse: líka (*ga- was often lost in Old Norse)

Icelandic: líka

Faroese: líka

Norwegian: like

Swedish: lika

Gothic: 𐌲𐌰𐌻𐌴𐌹𐌺𐌰𐌽 (galeikān)


furhtijaną

furhtijō (active first-person indicative singular)
furhtijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
furhtijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
furhtīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
furhtijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
furhtī (active imperative second-person singular)
furhtijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
furhtijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
furhtīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
furhtijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
furhtijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
furhtijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
furhtijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
furhtijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
furhtijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
furhtijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
furhtijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
furhtijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
furhtijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
furhtijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
furhtijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
furhtijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
furhtīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
furhtijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
furhtīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
furhtijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
furhtijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
furhtijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
furhtijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
furhtijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
furhtijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
furhtijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
furhtidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
furhtidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
furhtidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
furhtidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
furhtidē (active indicative singular third-person)
furhtidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
furhtidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
furhtidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
furhtidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
furhtidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
furhtidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
furhtidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
furhtidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
furhtidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
furhtidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
furhtidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
furhtijandz (active participle present)
furhtidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *furhtijan
Old English: fyrhtan
Middle English: fyrten
Old Saxon: forhtian
Old Dutch: *forhten, *furhten
Middle Dutch: vruchten
Dutch: vruchten
Old High German: furhten, forhten, forahten
German: fürchten
Luxembourgish: fäerten

Gothic: 𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌷𐍄𐌾𐌰𐌽 (faurhtjan)

Factitive from *furhtaz (“fearful, afraid”) + *-janą and denominative *furhtō (“fright, fear”) + *-janą.


galīkōną

galīkō (active first-person indicative singular)
galīkǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
galīkōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
galīkōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
galīkōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
galīkō (active imperative second-person singular)
galīkōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
galīkōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
galīkōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
galīkō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
galīkōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
galīkōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
galīkōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
galīkōs (active dual first-person indicative)
galīkōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
galīkōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
galīkōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
galīkōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
galīkōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
galīkōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
galīkōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
galīkōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
galīkōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
galīkōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
galīkōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
galīkōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
galīkōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
galīkōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
galīkōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
galīkōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
galīkōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
galīkōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
galīkōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
galīkōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
galīkōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
galīkōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
galīkōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
galīkōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
galīkōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
galīkōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
galīkōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
galīkōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
galīkōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
galīkōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
galīkōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
galīkōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
galīkōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
galīkōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
galīkōndz (active participle present)
galīkōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Old English: ġelīcian

Old Frisian: līkia

>? Saterland Frisian: gliekje

West Frisian: lykje

Old Saxon: gilīkon

Middle Low German: geliken

Dutch Low Saxon: gelieken

German Low German: glieken

Old Dutch: gilīkon

Middle Dutch: geliken, gheliken, liken
Dutch: gelijken, lijken
Afrikaans: lyk
Jersey Dutch: lāike
Limburgish: gelieke, lieke

Old High German: gilīhhon

Middle High German: gelīchen

Cimbrian: galàichan

German: gleichen

Luxembourgish: gläichen

Yiddish: גלײַכן (glaykhn)

Gothic: 𐌲𐌰𐌻𐌴𐌹𐌺𐍉𐌽 (galeikōn)


wandijaną

wandijō (active first-person indicative singular)
wandijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
wandijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
wandīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
wandijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
wandī (active imperative second-person singular)
wandijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
wandijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
wandīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
wandijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
wandijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
wandijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
wandijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
wandijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
wandijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
wandijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
wandijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
wandijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
wandijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
wandijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
wandijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
wandijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
wandīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
wandijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
wandīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
wandijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
wandijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
wandijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
wandijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
wandijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
wandijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
wandijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
wandidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
wandidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
wandidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
wandidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
wandidē (active indicative singular third-person)
wandidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
wandidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
wandidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
wandidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
wandidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
wandidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
wandidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
wandidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
wandidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
wandidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
wandidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
wandijandz (active participle present)
wandidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *wandijan
Old English: wendan
Middle English: wenden
English: wend
Scots: wend
Old Frisian: wenda
North Frisian: wende
Saterland Frisian: weende
West Frisian: weine
Old Saxon: wendian
Middle Low German: wenden
German Low German: wennen
Old Dutch: wenden
Middle Dutch: wenden
Dutch: wenden
Afrikaans: wend, wende
Old High German: wenten
Middle High German: wenden
German: wenden
Luxembourgish: wennen
Yiddish: ווענדן (vendn)

Old Norse: venda

Icelandic: venda

Faroese: venda

Norwegian: vende

Old Swedish: vænda

Swedish: vända

Danish: vende

Gothic: 𐍅𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌽 (wandjan)


garwaz

*garwaz (a-stem)

garwaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
garwai (masculine nominative plural strong)
garwō (feminine nominative singular strong)
garwôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
garwą (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
garwō (neuter nominative plural strong)
garwanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
garwanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
garwǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
garwōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
garwą (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
garwō (accusative neuter plural strong)
garwas (genitive masculine singular strong)
-is (genitive masculine singular strong)
garwaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
garwaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
garwaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
garwas (genitive neuter singular strong)
-is (genitive neuter singular strong)
garwaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
garwammai (dative masculine singular strong)
garwaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
garwaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
garwaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
garwammai (dative neuter singular strong)
garwaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
garwanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
garwaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
garwaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
garwaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
garwanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
garwaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
garwô (masculine nominative singular weak)
garwaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
garwǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
garwōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
garwô (neuter nominative singular weak)
garwōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
garwanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
garwanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
garwōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
garwōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
garwô (accusative neuter singular weak)
garwōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
garwiniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
garwanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
garwōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
garwōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
garwiniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
garwanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
garwini (dative masculine singular weak)
garwammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
garwōni (dative feminine singular weak)
garwōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
garwini (dative neuter singular weak)
garwammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
garwinē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
garwammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
garwōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
garwōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
garwinē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
garwammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

Proto-West Germanic: *garu
Old English: ġearu, ġearo
Middle English: ȝare, yare
Scots: yare
English: yare, yar
Old Frisian: *gar, *jer
Saterland Frisian: goar
Old Saxon: garo, garu
Middle Low German: gāre, gār
German Low German: gaar
Old Dutch: garo
Middle Dutch: gāer
Dutch: gaar (“cooked, done”)
Afrikaans: gaar
Old High German: garo, karo
Middle High German: gare, gar
German: gar (“cooked, done”)
Luxembourgish: guer

Old Norse: gǫrr, gerr

Icelandic: gjör, ger

Old Swedish: gør, gior

→ Scots: gar, gare, gair

→ Proto-Samic: *kārvēs (see there for further descendants)

Probably from *ga- + *arwaz (“ready, fast”).


fraleusaną

fraleusō (active first-person indicative singular)
fraleusaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
fraleusai (first-person indicative passive singular)
fraliusizi (active indicative second-person singular)
fraleusaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
fraleus (active imperative second-person singular)
fraleusazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
fraleusaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
fraliusidi (active indicative singular third-person)
fraleusai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
fraleusadau (active imperative singular third-person)
fraleusadai (indicative passive singular third-person)
fraleusaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
fraleusōz (active dual first-person indicative)
fraleusaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
fraleusadiz (active dual indicative second-person)
fraleusaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
fraleusadiz (active dual imperative second-person)
fraleusamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
fraleusaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
fraleusandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
fraleusaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
fraliusid (active indicative plural second-person)
fraleusaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
fraliusid (active imperative plural second-person)
fraleusandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
fraleusaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
fraleusandi (active indicative plural third-person)
fraleusain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
fraleusandau (active imperative plural third-person)
fraleusandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
fraleusaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
fralaus (active first-person indicative singular)
fraluzį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
fralaust (active indicative second-person singular)
fraluzīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
fralaus (active indicative singular third-person)
fraluzī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
fraluzū (active dual first-person indicative)
fraluzīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
fraluzudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
fraluzīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
fraluzum (active first-person indicative plural)
fraluzīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
fraluzud (active indicative plural second-person)
fraluzīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
fraluzun (active indicative plural third-person)
fraluzīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
fraleusandz (active participle present)
fraluzanaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *fraleusan
Old English: forlēosan
Middle English: forlesen
English: forlese
Old Frisian: forliāsa
Saterland Frisian: ferljoose
West Frisian: ferlieze
Old Saxon: farliosan
Middle Low German: vorlêsen
German Low German: verlesen
→ Swedish: förlora (from the past participle)
Old Dutch: farliesan
Middle Dutch: verliesen
Dutch: verliezen
Afrikaans: verloor (from the past participle)
Limburgish: verleze
Old High German: firliosan
Middle High German: verliesen
Cimbrian: vorliiran, borliiran (Mezzaselva)
German: verlieren
Kölsch: verliere
Luxembourgish: verléieren
Pennsylvania German: verliere
Swabian: verliera
Yiddish: פֿאַרלירן (farlirn)

Gothic: 𐍆𐍂𐌰𐌻𐌹𐌿𐍃𐌰𐌽 (fraliusan)


līkāną

līkō (active first-person indicative singular)
līkaisi (active indicative second-person singular)
līkai (active imperative second-person singular)
līkāsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
līkaiþi (active indicative singular third-person)
līkāþau (active imperative singular third-person)
līkāþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
līkōs (active dual first-person indicative)
līkāþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
līkāþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
līkāmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
līkānþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
līkaiþ (active indicative plural second-person)
līkaiþ (active imperative plural second-person)
līkānþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
līkānþi (active indicative plural third-person)
līkānþau (active imperative plural third-person)
līkānþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
līkadǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
līkadēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
līkadēz (active indicative second-person singular)
līkadēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
līkadē (active indicative singular third-person)
līkadēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
līkadēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
līkadēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
līkadēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
līkadēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
līkadēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
līkadēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
līkadēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
līkadēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
līkadēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
līkadēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
līkāndz (active participle present)
līkadaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *līkēn
Old English: līcian
Middle English: liken, lyken
Scots: like
English: like
→ Welsh: leicio, licio
→ German: liken
→ Dutch: liken
→ French: liker
→ Spanish: likear
Old Frisian: līkia
Saterland Frisian: liekje
West Frisian: lykje
Old Saxon: līkōn
Middle Low German: liken
Low German: lieken
Old Dutch: līcon
Middle Dutch: liken
Dutch: lijken
Old High German: līhhēn
Middle High German: līchen
German: leichen

Old Norse: líka

Icelandic: líka

Faroese: líka

Norwegian: like

Swedish: lika

Danish: lige (archaic)

Gothic: 𐌻𐌴𐌹𐌺𐌰𐌽 (leikān)

to please (+ dative object), to like (impersonal) (+ dative subject)


lausijaną

lausijō (active first-person indicative singular)
lausijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
lausijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
lausīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
lausijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
lausī (active imperative second-person singular)
lausijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
lausijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
lausīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
lausijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
lausijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
lausijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
lausijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
lausijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
lausijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
lausijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
lausijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
lausijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
lausijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
lausijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
lausijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
lausijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
lausīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
lausijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
lausīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
lausijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
lausijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
lausijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
lausijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
lausijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
lausijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
lausijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
lausidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
lausidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
lausidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
lausidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
lausidē (active indicative singular third-person)
lausidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
lausidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
lausidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
lausidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
lausidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
lausidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
lausidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
lausidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
lausidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
lausidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
lausidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
lausijandz (active participle present)
lausidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *lausijan
Old English: līesan
Middle English: lesen
Scots: leese, lease
English: leese, lease
Old Frisian: lēsa
Saterland Frisian: leze
Old Saxon: lōsian
Middle Low German: lôsen, lö̂sen, loesen, loysen, lössen
German Low German: lösen
Old Dutch: lōsen
Middle Dutch: lôsen
Dutch: lozen
Old High German: lōsen, lossan
Middle High German: losen
German: lösen
Luxembourgish: léisen
Yiddish: לייזן (leyzn)

Old Norse: leysa

Icelandic: leysa

Faroese: loysa

Norwegian Nynorsk: løysa

→ Norwegian Bokmål: løyse

Old Swedish: lø̄sa

Swedish: lösa

Old Danish: løsæ

Danish: løse

Norwegian Bokmål: løse

→ Finnish: löysä

Gutnish: lausa

Ostrobothnian: löis’

Gothic: 𐌻𐌰𐌿𐍃𐌾𐌰𐌽 (lausjan)


hataz

hataz (nominative singular)
hatizō (nominative plural)
hataz (singular vocative)
hatizō (plural vocative)
hataz (accusative singular)
hatizō (accusative plural)
hatiziz (genitive singular)
hatizǫ̂ (genitive plural)
hatizi (dative singular)
hatizumaz (dative plural)
hatizē (instrumental singular)
hatizumiz (instrumental plural)

Proto-West Germanic: *hati m
Old English: hete
Middle English: hete, het; hate, ate, haate, hat, hatte (influenced by the verb)
English: hate
Scots: hate, hait, heit
Old Frisian: hat
West Frisian: haat
Old Saxon: *hat, heti
Middle Low German: hat, hāte
German Low German: Haat
Plautdietsch: Hot
Old Dutch: *hat
Middle Dutch: hat, hāte
Dutch: haat
Afrikaans: haat
Limburgish: haat
Old High German: haz
Middle High German: haz
German: Hass
Luxembourgish: Haass
Yiddish: האַס (has)
→ Vulgar Latin: *hatina
Old French: haine, haïne; haïnus, haïnos
Bourguignon: haine
Middle French: haine; haineux, haigneux
French: haine; haineux
→ Middle English: heinous, hainous
English: heinous

Old Norse: hatr n

Icelandic: hatur

Faroese: hatur

Norwegian: hat

Old Swedish: hat

Swedish: hat

Danish: had

Gothic: 𐌷𐌰𐍄𐌹𐍃 (hatis)

From Proto-Indo-European *ḱh₂d-es-, from *ḱeh₂d- (“strong emotion”).


garwijaną

garwijō (active first-person indicative singular)
garwijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
garwijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
garwīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
garwijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
garwī (active imperative second-person singular)
garwijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
garwijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
garwīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
garwijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
garwijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
garwijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
garwijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
garwijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
garwijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
garwijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
garwijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
garwijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
garwijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
garwijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
garwijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
garwijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
garwīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
garwijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
garwīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
garwijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
garwijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
garwijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
garwijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
garwijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
garwijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
garwijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
garwidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
garwidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
garwidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
garwidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
garwidē (active indicative singular third-person)
garwidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
garwidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
garwidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
garwidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
garwidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
garwidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
garwidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
garwidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
garwidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
garwidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
garwidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
garwijandz (active participle present)
garwidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *garwijan
Old English: ġierwan, ġyrwan — Late West Saxon
⇒ Middle English: bigeored
Old Saxon: gerwian
Middle Low German: gerwen
→ Danish: garve
→ Norwegian Bokmål: garve
→ Norwegian Nynorsk: garve, garva
→ Swedish: garva
Old Dutch: gerwen
Middle Dutch: gerwen, geerwen, geruwen, gaerwen
Dutch: gerven
Old High German: garwen, garawen
Middle High German: gerwen, garwen, gerben
German: gerben
Luxembourgish: gierwen

Old Norse: gera
Icelandic: gjöra, gera
Faroese: gera
Norwegian Nynorsk: gjera; (dialectal) gjårå, gjara, gjøra, gjørå, gjørø
Jamtish: gjara
Elfdalian: djärå
Old Swedish: gø̄ra, gæra, giora
Swedish: göra
Old Danish: gøræ
Danish: gøre
Norwegian Bokmål: gjøre
Scanian: gøra
Old Gutnish: giera
Gutnish: gyre, gäre
→ Middle English: gerren, garren, garen
English: gar
Scots: gar

From *garwaz (“ready, prepared”) + *-janą.


sibjōną

sibjō (active first-person indicative singular)
sibjǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
sibjōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
sibjōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
sibjōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
sibjō (active imperative second-person singular)
sibjōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
sibjōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
sibjōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
sibjō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
sibjōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
sibjōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
sibjōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
sibjōs (active dual first-person indicative)
sibjōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
sibjōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
sibjōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
sibjōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
sibjōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
sibjōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
sibjōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
sibjōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
sibjōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
sibjōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
sibjōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
sibjōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
sibjōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
sibjōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
sibjōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
sibjōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
sibjōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
sibjōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
sibjōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
sibjōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
sibjōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
sibjōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
sibjōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
sibjōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
sibjōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
sibjōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
sibjōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
sibjōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
sibjōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
sibjōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
sibjōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
sibjōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
sibjōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
sibjōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
sibjōndz (active participle present)
sibjōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *sibbjōn
Old English: sibbian
Middle English: *sibben, *sibbien
English: sib
Old High German: sibbon
Middle High German: sippen
German: sippen

Gothic: *𐍃𐌹𐌱𐌾𐍉𐌽 (*sibjōn)

Gothic: 𐌲𐌰𐍃𐌹𐌱𐌾𐍉𐌽 (gasibjōn)

From *sibjō (“friendship, kinship”) + *-ōną.


karōną

karō (active first-person indicative singular)
karǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
karōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
karōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
karōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
karō (active imperative second-person singular)
karōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
karōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
karōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
karō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
karōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
karōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
karōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
karōs (active dual first-person indicative)
karōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
karōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
karōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
karōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
karōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
karōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
karōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
karōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
karōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
karōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
karōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
karōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
karōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
karōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
karōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
karōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
karōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
karōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
karōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
karōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
karōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
karōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
karōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
karōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
karōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
karōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
karōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
karōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
karōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
karōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
karōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
karōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
karōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
karōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
karōndz (active participle present)
karōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *karōn
Old English: carian
Scots: care, cair
English: care
Old Saxon: karōn
Old High German: karōn, charōn
Middle High German: karen, karn (“to mourn, wail, lament”)

Gothic: 𐌺𐌰𐍂𐍉𐌽 (karōn)

From *karō (“complaint, lament, worry”) + *-ōną.


laþō

laþō (nominative singular)
laþôz (nominative plural)
laþō (singular vocative)
laþôz (plural vocative)
laþǭ (accusative singular)
laþōz (accusative plural)
laþōz (genitive singular)
laþǫ̂ (genitive plural)
laþōi (dative singular)
laþōmaz (dative plural)
laþō (instrumental singular)
laþōmiz (instrumental plural)

Proto-West Germanic: *laþu

Old English: *laþu

⇒ Old English: frēondlaþu

⇒ Old English: nēodlaþu

⇒ Old English: wordlaþu

Old High German: *lada

⇒ Old High German: ladalīh

⇒ Old High German: inladalīh

desctree

Proto-Norse: ᛚᚨᚦᚢ (laþu)
Old Norse: lǫð
Icelandic: löð

Gothic: 𐌻𐌰𐌸𐌰 (laþa)

From Proto-Indo-European *h₂lot-eh₂, an isogloss that only appears to be found in Germanic and Hittite. Anatolian cognates include Luwian [script needed] (ḫalta, “to call”), Hittite [script needed] (halzai, “to invoke, recite, call out”), both from Proto-Anatolian *halt-. Not related to *hlōaną (“to shout”).

cog

Brill Publishers
Friedrich Kluge
John Francis Davis


huljaną

huljō (active first-person indicative singular)
huljaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
huljai (first-person indicative passive singular)
hulisi (active indicative second-person singular)
huljais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
huli (active imperative second-person singular)
huljasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
huljaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
huliþi (active indicative singular third-person)
huljai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
huljaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
huljaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
huljaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
huljōs (active dual first-person indicative)
huljaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
huljaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
huljaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
huljaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
huljamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
huljaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
huljanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
huljainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
huliþ (active indicative plural second-person)
huljaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
huliþ (active imperative plural second-person)
huljanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
huljainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
huljanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
huljain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
huljanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
huljanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
huljainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
hulidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
hulidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
hulidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
hulidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
hulidē (active indicative singular third-person)
hulidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
hulidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
hulidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
hulidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
hulidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
hulidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
hulidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
hulidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
hulidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
hulidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
hulidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
huljandz (active participle present)
hulidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *hulljan
Old English: hyllan
Old Frisian: hella
Old Saxon: *hullian
German Low German: hüllen
Old Dutch: *hullen
Middle Dutch: hullen
Dutch: hullen
Afrikaans: hul
Old High German: hullen
German: hüllen

Old Norse: hylja

Icelandic: hylja

Faroese: hylja

Old Swedish: hylia

Swedish: hölja

Old Danish: hyliæ, hylæ, hyllæ

Danish: hylle

Gutnish: hyla

→ Middle English: hilen
English: hill

Gothic: 𐌷𐌿𐌻𐌾𐌰𐌽 (huljan)

Zero-grade present, pre-Germanic *ḱl̥ye/o-, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱel- (“to hide”), the root of *helaną (“to hide, conceal”).


hazjaną

hazjō (active first-person indicative singular)
hazjaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
hazjai (first-person indicative passive singular)
hazisi (active indicative second-person singular)
hazjais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
hazi (active imperative second-person singular)
hazjasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
hazjaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
haziþi (active indicative singular third-person)
hazjai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
hazjaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
hazjaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
hazjaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
hazjōs (active dual first-person indicative)
hazjaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
hazjaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
hazjaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
hazjaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
hazjamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
hazjaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
hazjanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
hazjainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
haziþ (active indicative plural second-person)
hazjaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
haziþ (active imperative plural second-person)
hazjanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
hazjainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
hazjanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
hazjain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
hazjanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
hazjanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
hazjainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
hazidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
hazidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
hazidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
hazidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
hazidē (active indicative singular third-person)
hazidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
hazidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
hazidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
hazidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
hazidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
hazidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
hazidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
hazidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
hazidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
hazidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
hazidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
hazjandz (active participle present)
hazidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *haʀjan
Old English: herian
Middle English: herien, heryen
English: herry
⇒ Middle English: hersen
Old English: hyrian
Old Saxon: *herian
Middle Low German: hēren
Old High German: heren

Gothic: 𐌷𐌰𐌶𐌾𐌰𐌽 (hazjan)

⇒ Gothic: 𐌷𐌰𐌶𐌴𐌹𐌽𐍃 (hazeins)

From Proto-Indo-European *ḱh₁s-ié, derived from *ḱeh₁s- (“to call, to command, to instruct”).
Related to Sanskrit शस्ति (śasti, “praise, command”), Avestan 𐬯𐬁𐬯𐬙𐬎 (sāstu, “to teach”) and Old Armenian սաստ (sast, “scolding, rebuke”).


siwjaną

siwjō (active first-person indicative singular)
siwjaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
siwjai (first-person indicative passive singular)
siwisi (active indicative second-person singular)
siwjais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
siwi (active imperative second-person singular)
siwjasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
siwjaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
siwiþi (active indicative singular third-person)
siwjai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
siwjaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
siwjaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
siwjaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
siwjōs (active dual first-person indicative)
siwjaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
siwjaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
siwjaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
siwjaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
siwjamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
siwjaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
siwjanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
siwjainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
siwiþ (active indicative plural second-person)
siwjaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
siwiþ (active imperative plural second-person)
siwjanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
siwjainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
siwjanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
siwjain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
siwjanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
siwjanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
siwjainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
siwidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
siwidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
siwidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
siwidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
siwidē (active indicative singular third-person)
siwidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
siwidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
siwidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
siwidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
siwidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
siwidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
siwidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
siwidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
siwidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
siwidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
siwidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
siwjandz (active participle present)
siwidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *siuwjan
Old English: siwian, seowian, sēowan
Middle English: sewen, seowen, sowen
English: sew
→ Akolet: sewim
Scots: sew
Old Frisian: sīa
North Frisian: saie, seie, siie, sei
Saterland Frisian: säie
Old Saxon: siuwian
Middle Low German: suwen
Old High German: siuwen
Middle High German: siuwen

Old Norse: sýja
Danish: sy
Norwegian: sy
Swedish: sy

Gothic: 𐍃𐌹𐌿𐌾𐌰𐌽 (siujan)

From Proto-Indo-European *syewh₁- (“to sew”). Cognate with Proto-Slavic *šiti, whence Russian шить (šitʹ) and with Lithuanian siūti.


salbō

salbō (nominative singular)
salbôz (nominative plural)
salbō (singular vocative)
salbôz (plural vocative)
salbǭ (accusative singular)
salbōz (accusative plural)
salbōz (genitive singular)
salbǫ̂ (genitive plural)
salbōi (dative singular)
salbōmaz (dative plural)
salbō (instrumental singular)
salbōmiz (instrumental plural)

Proto-West Germanic: *salbu
Old English: sealf
Middle English: salve, salf, salfe, salff, salffe, salwe, selve, scealfe, sealfe, sealve (Early Middle English), sallfe (Ormulum)
English: salve
Scots: saw
Old Frisian: *salf; *salve (suggested by derivative salva)
Saterland Frisian: Soolve
West Frisian: salve
Old Saxon: salva
Middle Low German: salve
German Low German: Saalv
→ Old Swedish: salva
Swedish: salva
→ Danish: salve
→ Icelandic: salvi
→ Faroese: salva, sálva
Old Dutch: salba, salva
Middle Dutch: salve
Dutch: zalf
Afrikaans: salf
Negerhollands: salv
→ Caribbean Javanese: salep
→ Indonesian: salep
Old High German: salba
Middle High German: salp
German: Salbe
Hunsrik: Salleb
Luxembourgish: Sallef
Yiddish: זאַלב (zalb)

From Proto-Indo-European *solp-éh₂, from *selp- (“salve, ointment”). Cognate with Sanskrit सर्पिस् (sarpís), Ancient Greek ἔλπος (élpos).


laþōną

laþō (active first-person indicative singular)
laþǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
laþōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
laþōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
laþōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
laþō (active imperative second-person singular)
laþōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
laþōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
laþōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
laþō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
laþōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
laþōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
laþōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
laþōs (active dual first-person indicative)
laþōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
laþōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
laþōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
laþōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
laþōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
laþōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
laþōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
laþōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
laþōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
laþōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
laþōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
laþōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
laþōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
laþōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
laþōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
laþōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
laþōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
laþōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
laþōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
laþōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
laþōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
laþōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
laþōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
laþōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
laþōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
laþōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
laþōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
laþōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
laþōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
laþōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
laþōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
laþōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
laþōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
laþōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
laþōndz (active participle present)
laþōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *laþōn
Old English: laþian
Middle English: lathen
English: lathe, laith
Old Frisian: lathia, ladia
Saterland Frisian: leede (in íenleede)
Old Saxon: lathon, laðon, laðian
Middle Low German: lāden
Low German: laden
Old Dutch: lathon
Middle Dutch: lāden
Dutch: laden
Old High German: ladōn
Middle High German: laden
German: laden (chiefly einladen, vorladen) (fully conflated with *hlaþaną)

Old Norse: laða

Icelandic: laða

Gothic: 𐌻𐌰𐌸𐍉𐌽 (laþōn)

/ˈlɑ.θɔː.nɑ̃/


wrōgijaną

wrōgijō (active first-person indicative singular)
wrōgijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
wrōgijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
wrōgīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
wrōgijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
wrōgī (active imperative second-person singular)
wrōgijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
wrōgijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
wrōgīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
wrōgijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
wrōgijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
wrōgijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
wrōgijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
wrōgijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
wrōgijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
wrōgijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
wrōgijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
wrōgijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
wrōgijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
wrōgijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
wrōgijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
wrōgijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
wrōgīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
wrōgijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
wrōgīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
wrōgijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
wrōgijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
wrōgijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
wrōgijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
wrōgijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
wrōgijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
wrōgijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
wrōgidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
wrōgidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
wrōgidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
wrōgidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
wrōgidē (active indicative singular third-person)
wrōgidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
wrōgidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
wrōgidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
wrōgidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
wrōgidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
wrōgidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
wrōgidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
wrōgidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
wrōgidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
wrōgidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
wrōgidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
wrōgijandz (active participle present)
wrōgidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *wrōgijan
Old English: wrēġan
Middle English: wreyen, wrayen
Scots: wre, wry, wray
English: wray
Old Frisian: wrēia
Old Saxon: wrōgian
Middle Low German: wrȫgen, wrugen, rȫgen
German Low German: wrögen
Old Dutch: *wruogen
Middle Dutch: wroegen
Dutch: wroegen
Old High German: ruogen
Middle High German: ruogen
German: rügen

Old Norse: rœgja

Icelandic: rægja

Old Swedish: rø̄ghia

Swedish: röja

Gothic: 𐍅𐍂𐍉𐌷𐌾𐌰𐌽 (wrōhjan)

From Proto-Indo-European *wrōk- (“speech, complaint”), from Proto-Indo-European *werh₁- (“to speak, say, tell”). Cognate with Russian врать (vratʹ, “to lie, fib”).


windaną

windō (active first-person indicative singular)
windaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
windai (first-person indicative passive singular)
windizi (active indicative second-person singular)
windaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
wind (active imperative second-person singular)
windazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
windaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
windidi (active indicative singular third-person)
windai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
windadau (active imperative singular third-person)
windadai (indicative passive singular third-person)
windaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
windōz (active dual first-person indicative)
windaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
windadiz (active dual indicative second-person)
windaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
windadiz (active dual imperative second-person)
windamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
windaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
windandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
windaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
windid (active indicative plural second-person)
windaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
windid (active imperative plural second-person)
windandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
windaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
windandi (active indicative plural third-person)
windain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
windandau (active imperative plural third-person)
windandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
windaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
wand (active first-person indicative singular)
wundį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
wanst (active indicative second-person singular)
wundīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
wand (active indicative singular third-person)
wundī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
wundū (active dual first-person indicative)
wundīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
wundudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
wundīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
wundum (active first-person indicative plural)
wundīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
wundud (active indicative plural second-person)
wundīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
wundun (active indicative plural third-person)
wundīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
windandz (active participle present)
wundanaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Old English: windan
Middle English: wynden
English: wind
Scots: wind, wund, win, wun

Old Frisian: winda

Saterland Frisian: wiende

West Frisian: wine

Old Saxon: windan

Middle Low German: winden

Low German: winden

Old Dutch: *windan
Middle Dutch: winden
Dutch: winden
Limburgish: winje

Old High German: wintan

Middle High German: winden

German: winden

Luxembourgish: wënnen

Old Norse: vinda

Icelandic: vinda

Faroese: vinda

Norwegian: vinde

Old Swedish: vinda

Swedish: vinda

Danish: vinde

Gothic: *𐍅𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌽 (*windan) (in derivates)

From Proto-Indo-European *wendʰ- (“to turn, wind, braid”). Cognate with Old Armenian գինդ (gind).


sibjō

sibjō (nominative singular)
sibjôz (nominative plural)
sibjō (singular vocative)
sibjôz (plural vocative)
sibjǭ (accusative singular)
sibjōz (accusative plural)
sibjōz (genitive singular)
sibjǫ̂ (genitive plural)
sibjōi (dative singular)
sibjōmaz (dative plural)
sibjō (instrumental singular)
sibjōmiz (instrumental plural)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *sibbju
Old English: sibb
Middle English: sibbe, sib
English: sib
Scots: sib
→ Norn: sib (?)
Old Frisian: sibbe
West Frisian: sibbe
Old Saxon: sibbia
Middle Low German: sibbe
Old Dutch: *sibba
Middle Dutch: sibbe
Dutch: sibbe (possibly a loanword from Frisian)
Old High German: sippea, sibba, sippa
Middle High German: sippe
German: Sippe

Old Norse: Sif; sifjar pl

Icelandic: Sif; sifjar pl

Faroese: Siv

Old Swedish: sif (in compounds, e.g. guþsif)

Danish: Sif

Gothic: 𐍃𐌹𐌱𐌾𐌰 (sibja)

Likely derived from pre-Germanic *sebʰi/*sebʰyo, dative singular of reflexive pronoun Proto-Indo-European *s(w)e.


saljaną

saljō (active first-person indicative singular)
saljaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
saljai (first-person indicative passive singular)
salisi (active indicative second-person singular)
saljais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
sali (active imperative second-person singular)
saljasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
saljaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
saliþi (active indicative singular third-person)
saljai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
saljaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
saljaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
saljaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
saljōs (active dual first-person indicative)
saljaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
saljaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
saljaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
saljaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
saljamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
saljaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
saljanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
saljainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
saliþ (active indicative plural second-person)
saljaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
saliþ (active imperative plural second-person)
saljanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
saljainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
saljanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
saljain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
saljanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
saljanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
saljainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
salidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
salidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
salidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
salidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
salidē (active indicative singular third-person)
salidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
salidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
salidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
salidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
salidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
salidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
salidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
salidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
salidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
salidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
salidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
saljandz (active participle present)
salidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *salljan (“to hand over, sell”)
Old English: sellan, siellan, syllan
Middle English: sellen
English: sell
→ Dutch: sellen
Scots: sell
Old Frisian: sella
North Frisian: selle
Old Saxon: sellian (“to offer, give”)
Middle Low German: sellen
Low German: sellen
Old Dutch: *sellen
Middle Dutch: sellen
Old High German: sellen (“to hand over, betray”)
Middle High German: sellen
German: sellen (obsolete)

Old Norse: selja (“to hand over, sell”)

Icelandic: selja

Faroese: selja (“to sell, let go of”)

Norwegian Bokmål: selge

Norwegian Nynorsk: selja, selje

Russenorsk: sælom

Old Swedish: sælia

Swedish: sälja

Old Danish: sæliæ, sælæ

Danish: sælge

Elfdalian: sela

Gutnish: säle

desc

Gothic: 𐍃𐌰𐌻𐌾𐌰𐌽 (saljan, “to pay tribute, offer”)

→ Proto-Finnic: *sallidak (“to allow”) (see there for further descendants)

From Proto-Indo-European *selh₁- (“to take”), either inherited from Proto-Indo-European *solh₁-éye-ti (“to let take”, causative) or derived within Proto-Germanic from an unattested *selaną (“to take”) + *-janą (causative suffix).


laistaz

laistaz (nominative singular)
laistōz (nominative plural)
laistōs (nominative plural)
laist (singular vocative)
laistōz (plural vocative)
laistōs (plural vocative)
laistą (accusative singular)
laistanz (accusative plural)
laistas (genitive singular)
laistis (genitive singular)
laistǫ̂ (genitive plural)
laistai (dative singular)
laistamaz (dative plural)
laistō (instrumental singular)
laistamiz (instrumental plural)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *laist
Old English: lāst
Middle English: last
English: last
Scots: last
Old Frisian: *lāst, *lēst
Saterland Frisian: Läist
West Frisian: least
Old Saxon: *lēst
Middle Low German: lêst, leist
Old Dutch: *lēst
Middle Dutch: lêest
Dutch: leest
Afrikaans: lees
Old High German: leist
Middle High German: leist
German: Leisten

Old Norse: leistr

Icelandic: leistur

Faroese: leistur

Norwegian Nynorsk: leist

Swedish: läst

Danish: læst

Gothic: 𐌻𐌰𐌹𐍃𐍄𐍃 (laists) (i-stem)

From Proto-Indo-European *loystos, from the root *leys- (“to track, pursue; track, furrow, trace, trail”) (see there for cognates). Along with *laistiz, has been often compared to Ancient Greek λοῖσθος (loîsthos, “left behind, last, utmost”), but this etymology for the Greek word has no formal explanation.


sweglō

sweglō (nominative singular)
sweglôz (nominative plural)
sweglō (singular vocative)
sweglôz (plural vocative)
sweglǭ (accusative singular)
sweglōz (accusative plural)
sweglōz (genitive singular)
sweglǫ̂ (genitive plural)
sweglōi (dative singular)
sweglōmaz (dative plural)
sweglō (instrumental singular)
sweglōmiz (instrumental plural)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *sweglu
Old English: *sweġel, *sweġl
⇒ Old English: sweġelhorn, sweġlhorn
Old High German: swegala
Middle High German: swegele, swegel
German: Schwegel

Gothic: *𐍃𐍅𐌹𐌲𐌻𐌰 (*swigla)

→? Proto-Finnic: *šuilu

Finnish: huilu


sweglōną

sweglō (active first-person indicative singular)
sweglǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
sweglōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
sweglōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
sweglōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
sweglō (active imperative second-person singular)
sweglōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
sweglōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
sweglōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
sweglō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
sweglōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
sweglōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
sweglōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
sweglōs (active dual first-person indicative)
sweglōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
sweglōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
sweglōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
sweglōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
sweglōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
sweglōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
sweglōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
sweglōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
sweglōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
sweglōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
sweglōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
sweglōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
sweglōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
sweglōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
sweglōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
sweglōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
sweglōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
sweglōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
sweglōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
sweglōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
sweglōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
sweglōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
sweglōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
sweglōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
sweglōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
sweglōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
sweglōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
sweglōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
sweglōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
sweglōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
sweglōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
sweglōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
sweglōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
sweglōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
sweglōndz (active participle present)
sweglōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *sweglōn
Old High German: *swegalōn
Middle High German: swegelen, sweglen
German: schwegeln

Gothic: 𐍃𐍅𐌹𐌲𐌻𐍉𐌽 (swiglōn)


aþalaz

*aþalaz (a-stem)

aþalaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
aþalai (masculine nominative plural strong)
aþalō (feminine nominative singular strong)
aþalôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
aþalą (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
aþalō (neuter nominative plural strong)
aþalanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
aþalanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
aþalǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
aþalōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
aþalą (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
aþalō (accusative neuter plural strong)
aþalas (genitive masculine singular strong)
-is (genitive masculine singular strong)
aþalaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
aþalaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
aþalaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
aþalas (genitive neuter singular strong)
-is (genitive neuter singular strong)
aþalaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
aþalammai (dative masculine singular strong)
aþalaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
aþalaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
aþalaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
aþalammai (dative neuter singular strong)
aþalaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
aþalanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
aþalaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
aþalaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
aþalaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
aþalanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
aþalaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
aþalô (masculine nominative singular weak)
aþalaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
aþalǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
aþalōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
aþalô (neuter nominative singular weak)
aþalōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
aþalanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
aþalanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
aþalōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
aþalōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
aþalô (accusative neuter singular weak)
aþalōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
aþaliniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
aþalanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
aþalōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
aþalōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
aþaliniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
aþalanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
aþalini (dative masculine singular weak)
aþalammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
aþalōni (dative feminine singular weak)
aþalōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
aþalini (dative neuter singular weak)
aþalammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
aþalinē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
aþalammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
aþalōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
aþalōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
aþalinē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
aþalammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

Old English: æþele

Old High German: adal

Old Norse: aðall

Icelandic: aðall

Faroese: aðal


warmijaną

warmijō (active first-person indicative singular)
warmijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
warmijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
warmīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
warmijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
warmī (active imperative second-person singular)
warmijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
warmijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
warmīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
warmijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
warmijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
warmijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
warmijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
warmijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
warmijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
warmijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
warmijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
warmijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
warmijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
warmijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
warmijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
warmijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
warmīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
warmijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
warmīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
warmijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
warmijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
warmijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
warmijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
warmijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
warmijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
warmijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
warmidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
warmidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
warmidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
warmidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
warmidē (active indicative singular third-person)
warmidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
warmidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
warmidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
warmidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
warmidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
warmidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
warmidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
warmidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
warmidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
warmidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
warmidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
warmijandz (active participle present)
warmidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *warmijan
Old English: wierman
Old Saxon: wermian
Old Dutch: *wermen
Middle Dutch: wermen, warmen
Dutch: warmen
Old High German: wermen
Middle High German: wermen
German: wärmen
Hunsrik: wäärme
Luxembourgish: wiermen

Old Norse: verma

Icelandic: verma

Faroese: verma

Old Swedish: værma

Swedish: värma

Gothic: 𐍅𐌰𐍂𐌼𐌾𐌰𐌽 (warmjan)


aljanōną

aljanō (active first-person indicative singular)
aljanǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
aljanōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
aljanōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
aljanōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
aljanō (active imperative second-person singular)
aljanōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
aljanōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
aljanōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
aljanō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
aljanōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
aljanōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
aljanōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
aljanōs (active dual first-person indicative)
aljanōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
aljanōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
aljanōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
aljanōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
aljanōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
aljanōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
aljanōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
aljanōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
aljanōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
aljanōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
aljanōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
aljanōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
aljanōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
aljanōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
aljanōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
aljanōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
aljanōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
aljanōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
aljanōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
aljanōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
aljanōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
aljanōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
aljanōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
aljanōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
aljanōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
aljanōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
aljanōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
aljanōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
aljanōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
aljanōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
aljanōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
aljanōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
aljanōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
aljanōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
aljanōndz (active participle present)
aljanōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *alljanōn
Old English: elnian
Middle English: elnen
English: elne
Old High German: ellanōn, ellenōn, *ellinōn
⇒ Old High German: ellanāri, ellināri

Old Norse: elna

Icelandic: elna

Gothic: 𐌰𐌻𐌾𐌰𐌽𐍉𐌽 (aljanōn)


laistijaną

laistijō (active first-person indicative singular)
laistijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
laistijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
laistīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
laistijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
laistī (active imperative second-person singular)
laistijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
laistijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
laistīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
laistijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
laistijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
laistijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
laistijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
laistijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
laistijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
laistijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
laistijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
laistijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
laistijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
laistijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
laistijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
laistijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
laistīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
laistijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
laistīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
laistijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
laistijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
laistijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
laistijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
laistijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
laistijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
laistijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
laistidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
laistidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
laistidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
laistidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
laistidē (active indicative singular third-person)
laistidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
laistidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
laistidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
laistidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
laistidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
laistidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
laistidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
laistidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
laistidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
laistidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
laistidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
laistijandz (active participle present)
laistidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *laistijan
Old English: lǣstan
Middle English: lasten, lesten
English: last
Scots: lest
Old Frisian: lāsta, lēsta
North Frisian: laste
Old Saxon: lēstian
Middle Low German: lêsten, leisten
German Low German: leisten
Old Dutch: *lēsten
Middle Dutch: lêesten
Dutch: leesten
Old High German: leisten
Middle High German: leisten
German: leisten
Luxembourgish: leeschten

Gothic: 𐌻𐌰𐌹𐍃𐍄𐌾𐌰𐌽 (laistjan)

From *laistaz (“track, trace, footprint”) + *-janą.


daniz

daniz (nominative singular)
danīz (nominative plural)
dani (singular vocative)
danīz (plural vocative)
danį (accusative singular)
daninz (accusative plural)
danīz (genitive singular)
danjǫ̂ (genitive plural)
danī (dative singular)
danimaz (dative plural)
danī (instrumental singular)
danimiz (instrumental plural)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *Danī pl
Old English: Dene
Middle English: Dene, Dane
Old Saxon: *Denī
Middle Low German: dēne, denne
Low German: Dään
Old Dutch: *Denī
Middle Dutch: Dene
Dutch: Deen
Negerhollands: Deen
Old High German: *Tenī
Middle High German: Tene
German: Däne

Old Norse: danir pl
Icelandic: Dani
Faroese: dani
Norwegian Nynorsk: dane, dan
Old Swedish: dan, dæn
Swedish: dan (plural daner)
Danish: dan, dane
Norwegian Bokmål: dane
→ Middle English: Dane
English: Dane
→ Old Irish: danar
Irish: danar
→ Latin: Danī pl

→ Latin: Dānī pl (see there for further descendants)

→ Proto-Samic: *tāńčë (see there for further descendants)

Possibly from Proto-Indo-European *dʰenh₂- (“run, flow”). Or possibly from the same root as den (i.e. "lowland").