digraz

*digraz (a-stem)

digraz (masculine nominative singular strong)
digrai (masculine nominative plural strong)
digrō (feminine nominative singular strong)
digrôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
digrą (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
digrō (neuter nominative plural strong)
digranǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
digranz (accusative masculine plural strong)
digrǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
digrōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
digrą (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
digrō (accusative neuter plural strong)
digras (genitive masculine singular strong)
-is (genitive masculine singular strong)
digraizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
digraizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
digraizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
digras (genitive neuter singular strong)
-is (genitive neuter singular strong)
digraizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
digrammai (dative masculine singular strong)
digraimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
digraizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
digraimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
digrammai (dative neuter singular strong)
digraimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
digranō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
digraimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
digraizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
digraimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
digranō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
digraimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
digrô (masculine nominative singular weak)
digraniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
digrǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
digrōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
digrô (neuter nominative singular weak)
digrōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
digranų (accusative masculine singular weak)
digranunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
digrōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
digrōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
digrô (accusative neuter singular weak)
digrōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
digriniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
digranǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
digrōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
digrōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
digriniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
digranǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
digrini (dative masculine singular weak)
digrammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
digrōni (dative feminine singular weak)
digrōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
digrini (dative neuter singular weak)
digrammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
digrinē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
digrammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
digrōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
digrōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
digrinē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
digrammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

Old Norse: digr

Faroese: digur

Icelandic: digur

Norwegian: diger

Old Swedish: digher

Swedish: diger

Danish: diger

Gothic: *𐌳𐌹𐌲𐍂𐍃 (*digrs), > 𐌳𐌹𐌲𐍂𐌴𐌹 (digrei)

From Pre-Germanic Proto-Indo-European *dʰiǵʰrós (“(well-)formed”), equivalent to *diganą + *-raz.


wrībaną

wrībō (active first-person indicative singular)
wrībaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
wrībai (first-person indicative passive singular)
wrībizi (active indicative second-person singular)
wrībaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
wrīb (active imperative second-person singular)
wrībazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
wrībaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
wrībidi (active indicative singular third-person)
wrībai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
wrībadau (active imperative singular third-person)
wrībadai (indicative passive singular third-person)
wrībaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
wrībōz (active dual first-person indicative)
wrībaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
wrībadiz (active dual indicative second-person)
wrībaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
wrībadiz (active dual imperative second-person)
wrībamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
wrībaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
wrībandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
wrībaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
wrībid (active indicative plural second-person)
wrībaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
wrībid (active imperative plural second-person)
wrībandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
wrībaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
wrībandi (active indicative plural third-person)
wrībain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
wrībandau (active imperative plural third-person)
wrībandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
wrībaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
wraib (active first-person indicative singular)
wribį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
wraift (active indicative second-person singular)
wribīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
wraib (active indicative singular third-person)
wribī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
wribū (active dual first-person indicative)
wribīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
wribudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
wribīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
wribum (active first-person indicative plural)
wribīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
wribud (active indicative plural second-person)
wribīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
wribun (active indicative plural third-person)
wribīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
wrībandz (active participle present)
wribanaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *wrīban
Old Frisian: *wrīva
Saterland Frisian: wrieuwe
West Frisian: wriuwe
Old Saxon: wrīvan
Middle Low German: wrîven, rîven
Dutch Low Saxon:
Twents: frieuwen
German Low German:
Altmärkisch: riwen
East Frisian: rieven
Mecklenburgisch, Pommerellisch, Northern Low Saxon (Bremisch): wriwen
Schleswig-Holsteinisch: wriewen
Westphalian:
Bentheimisch, Dortmundisch, East Westphalian (Lippe), Westmünsterländisch: riewen
Bentheimisch, Dortmundisch, Westmünsterländisch: friewen
Sauerländisch: reywen, reyben (Brilon, Wenden), rǖben (Niedersfeld), rīen (Finnentrop, Attendorn, Kirchhundem, Olpe), ruiwen (Meschede)
East Westphalian: rüiwen (Lippe), wruiben (Ravensberg), rieben (Wedemark)
Westmünsterländisch: frieben
Old Dutch: *wrīvan
Middle Dutch: wrîven
Dutch: wrijven
Afrikaans: vryf, vrywe
Limburgish: wrieve
Old High German: rīban, *rīvan, *wrīvan
Middle High German: rīben
Alemannic German: riibe
Central Franconian: rieve, frieve, reive
Hunsrik: reive
Luxembourgish: reiwen
German: reiben
→ Old French: riper
Middle French: riper, ripper
French: riper

Unknown; possibly from Proto-Indo-European *wreyp- / *wrīp-, from a labial extension of Proto-Indo-European *wer- (“to turn”), whence Ancient Greek ῥίπτω (rhíptō, “to throw, cast”).


drupatjaną

drupatjō (active first-person indicative singular)
drupatjaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
drupatjai (first-person indicative passive singular)
drupatisi (active indicative second-person singular)
drupatjais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
drupati (active imperative second-person singular)
drupatjasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
drupatjaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
drupatiþi (active indicative singular third-person)
drupatjai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
drupatjaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
drupatjaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
drupatjaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
drupatjōs (active dual first-person indicative)
drupatjaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
drupatjaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
drupatjaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
drupatjaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
drupatjamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
drupatjaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
drupatjanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
drupatjainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
drupatiþ (active indicative plural second-person)
drupatjaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
drupatiþ (active imperative plural second-person)
drupatjanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
drupatjainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
drupatjanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
drupatjain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
drupatjanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
drupatjanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
drupatjainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
drupastǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
drupastēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
drupastēz (active indicative second-person singular)
drupastēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
drupastē (active indicative singular third-person)
drupastēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
drupastēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
drupastēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
drupastēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
drupastēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
drupastēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
drupastēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
drupastēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
drupastēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
drupastēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
drupastēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
drupatjandz (active participle present)
drupatidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *dropattjan, *droppattjan
Old English: dropettan, droppettan
Old Dutch: dropetten
Old High German: tropfezzen, trophezzen
Middle High German: tropfezen

Old Norse: *dropta

Icelandic: dryfta

Norwegian Nynorsk: dryfta

Swedish: dryfta

Danish: drøfte

Norwegian Bokmål: drøfte

To form into drops and fall; dribble; drip


drangijaz

drangijaz (nominative singular)
drangijōz (nominative plural)
drangijōs (nominative plural)
drangī (singular vocative)
drangijōz (plural vocative)
drangijōs (plural vocative)
drangiją (accusative singular)
drangijanz (accusative plural)
drangijas (genitive singular)
drangīs (genitive singular)
drangijǫ̂ (genitive plural)
drangijai (dative singular)
drangijamaz (dative plural)
drangijō (instrumental singular)
drangijamiz (instrumental plural)

Proto-West Germanic: *drangī

Old English: dreng, drench
Middle English: dreng, dranch, dring, dringch, ðring
→ Medieval Latin: drengus
→ English: dreng, drenge
>? Scots: dring

Old Frisian: *dreng

North Frisian: dräng, dring (possibly borrowed from Danish)

Old Norse: drengr
Icelandic: drengur
Faroese: drongur
Norwegian Nynorsk: dreng; (dialectal) draing
Norwegian Bokmål: dreng
Old Swedish: drænger
Swedish: dräng
→ Northern Sami: reaŋga
→ Finnish: renki
Danish: dreng
→ North Frisian: dräng, dring

From Proto-Indo-European *dregʰ-. Cognate with Proto-Slavic *drǫgъ, Proto-Celtic *dringeti (“to climb”).


þelą

þelą (nominative singular)
þelō (nominative plural)
þelą (singular vocative)
þelō (plural vocative)
þelą (accusative singular)
þelō (accusative plural)
þelas (genitive singular)
þilis (genitive singular)
þelǫ̂ (genitive plural)
þelai (dative singular)
þelamaz (dative plural)
þelō (instrumental singular)
þelamiz (instrumental plural)

Old English: þel n

Middle English: thele

English: theal (dialectal)

(Old Saxon: thili f)

(Old Dutch: *thili)

Old High German: dil m; dili n; dilo m

Middle High German: dil, til

Old Norse: þel n; þili n; þeli n

Old Swedish: þiæl

→ Finnish: teli

→ Proto-Samic: *tielō (see there for further descendants)

→ Proto-Finnic: *tëla (see there for further descendants)

From Proto-Indo-European *tel- (“flat; board, plank”).


fehaną

fehō (active first-person indicative singular)
fehaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
fehai (first-person indicative passive singular)
fihizi (active indicative second-person singular)
fehaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
feh (active imperative second-person singular)
fehazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
fehaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
fihidi (active indicative singular third-person)
fehai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
fehadau (active imperative singular third-person)
fehadai (indicative passive singular third-person)
fehaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
fehōz (active dual first-person indicative)
fehaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
fehadiz (active dual indicative second-person)
fehaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
fehadiz (active dual imperative second-person)
fehamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
fehaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
fehandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
fehaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
fihid (active indicative plural second-person)
fehaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
fihid (active imperative plural second-person)
fehandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
fehaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
fehandi (active indicative plural third-person)
fehain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
fehandau (active imperative plural third-person)
fehandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
fehaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
fah (active first-person indicative singular)
fēgį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
faht (active indicative second-person singular)
fēgīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
fah (active indicative singular third-person)
fēgī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
fēgū (active dual first-person indicative)
fēgīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
fēgudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
fēgīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
fēgum (active first-person indicative plural)
fēgīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
fēgud (active indicative plural second-person)
fēgīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
fēgun (active indicative plural third-person)
fēgīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
fehandz (active participle present)
feganaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

⇒ Proto-West Germanic: *gafehan
Old English: ġefēon, ġefeohan
Old High German: gifehan

From Proto-Indo-European *peḱ- (“joyful, pretty”).


þiljǭ

þiljǭ (nominative singular)
þiljōniz (nominative plural)
þiljǭ (singular vocative)
þiljōniz (plural vocative)
þiljōnų (accusative singular)
þiljōnunz (accusative plural)
þiljōniz (genitive singular)
þiljōnǫ̂ (genitive plural)
þiljōni (dative singular)
þiljōmaz (dative plural)
þiljōnē (instrumental singular)
þiljōmiz (instrumental plural)

Proto-West Germanic: *þilljā

desctree

Old English: þille
Middle English: thylle, thille, thill, þyl, thil
English: thill
Scots: thill

Old Frisian: thille, tile

North Frisian: tel

Saterland Frisian: Toal

West Frisian: telle

Old Saxon: thili

Middle Low German: dēle

German Low German: Deel

→ Middle English: dele, dyle
English: deal
Scots: deal

Old Dutch: *thili

Middle Dutch: dele, deel

Dutch: deel
Afrikaans: deel
Negerhollands: deel
→ West Frisian: dealje

Limburgish: deil

Old High German: dilla

Middle High German: dille, tille

Cimbrian: dilla

German: Diele

Luxembourgish: Dill

Old Norse: þilja

Icelandic: þilja

Faroese: tilja

Norwegian: tilje

Swedish: tilja

Danish: tilje

→ Proto-Finnic: *tëljo (see there for further descendants)

→ Proto-Samic: *tiljā (see there for further descendants)


drankiz

drankiz (nominative singular)
drankīz (nominative plural)
dranki (singular vocative)
drankīz (plural vocative)
drankį (accusative singular)
drankinz (accusative plural)
drankīz (genitive singular)
drankijǫ̂ (genitive plural)
drankī (dative singular)
drankimaz (dative plural)
drankī (instrumental singular)
drankimiz (instrumental plural)

desc

Proto-West Germanic: *dranku, *dranki, *drank

desctree

Old English: drenċ, drænċ
Middle English: drænc, drenke, drench
English: drench
Scots: drenk

Old Frisian: drank, dronk

Saterland Frisian: Dronk

West Frisian: drank

Old Saxon: drank

Middle Low German: drank

German Low German: Drank

Old Dutch: *drank, dranc

Middle Dutch: dranc

Dutch: drank
Afrikaans: drank
Negerhollands: drink

Limburgish: drank

Old High German: trank, tranch

Middle High German: tranc

German: Trank

⇒ Middle High German: getrenke

Cimbrian: gatrànkh

German: Getränk

Gothic: 𐌳𐍂𐌰𐌲𐌲𐌺 n (draggk)

From Proto-Indo-European *dʰrenǵ- (“to pull; draw; sip”).


-inī

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *-ini
Old English: -en
Middle English: -en
English: -en (fossilised, non-productive)
Old Frisian:
West Frisian: -inne
North Frisian: -in
Old Saxon: -ina, -unnia
Middle Low German: -inne, -in
Low German: -in
→ Old Norse: -inna
Norwegian:
Norwegian Bokmål: -inne
Norwegian Nynorsk: -inne
Old Danish: -inne
Danish: -inde
Old Swedish: -inna
Swedish: -inna
→ Finnish: -inna
Old Dutch: -inna
Middle Dutch: -inne
Dutch: -in
Afrikaans: -in
Limburgish: -in
Old High German: -in, -inna
Middle High German: -īn, -inne
German: -in
Alemannic German: -in

Old Norse: -ynja (extended to ōn-stem, rare)

Icelandic: -ynja

Gothic: -𐌹𐌽𐌹 (-ini)

From a Pre-Germanic proterokinetic compound suffix *-én-ih₂ ~ *-n̥-yéh₂-. Compare Proto-Slavic *-yni.

Forms nouns indicating a female individual.


rudrijaną

rudrijō (active first-person indicative singular)
rudrijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
rudrijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
rudrīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
rudrijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
rudrī (active imperative second-person singular)
rudrijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
rudrijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
rudrīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
rudrijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
rudrijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
rudrijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
rudrijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
rudrijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
rudrijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
rudrijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
rudrijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
rudrijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
rudrijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
rudrijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
rudrijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
rudrijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
rudrīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
rudrijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
rudrīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
rudrijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
rudrijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
rudrijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
rudrijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
rudrijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
rudrijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
rudrijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
rudridǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
rudridēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
rudridēz (active indicative second-person singular)
rudridēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
rudridē (active indicative singular third-person)
rudridēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
rudridēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
rudridēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
rudridēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
rudridēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
rudridēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
rudridēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
rudridēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
rudridēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
rudridēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
rudridēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
rudrijandz (active participle present)
rudridaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Old English: *ryderian, *āryderian (attested once as āryderende)

Derived from unattested *rudraz, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁rudʰrós.


-ōdaz

*-ōdaz (a-stem)

-ōdaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
-ōdai (masculine nominative plural strong)
-ōdō (feminine nominative singular strong)
-ōdôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
-ōdą (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
-ōdō (neuter nominative plural strong)
-ōdanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
-ōdanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
-ōdǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
-ōdōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
-ōdą (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
-ōdō (accusative neuter plural strong)
-ōdas (genitive masculine singular strong)
-is (genitive masculine singular strong)
-ōdaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
-ōdaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
-ōdaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
-ōdas (genitive neuter singular strong)
-is (genitive neuter singular strong)
-ōdaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
-ōdammai (dative masculine singular strong)
-ōdaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
-ōdaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
-ōdaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
-ōdammai (dative neuter singular strong)
-ōdaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
-ōdanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
-ōdaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
-ōdaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
-ōdaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
-ōdanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
-ōdaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
-ōdô (masculine nominative singular weak)
-ōdaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
-ōdǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
-ōdōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
-ōdô (neuter nominative singular weak)
-ōdōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
-ōdanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
-ōdanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
-ōdōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
-ōdōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
-ōdô (accusative neuter singular weak)
-ōdōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
-ōdiniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
-ōdanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
-ōdōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
-ōdōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
-ōdiniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
-ōdanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
-ōdini (dative masculine singular weak)
-ōdammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
-ōdōni (dative feminine singular weak)
-ōdōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
-ōdini (dative neuter singular weak)
-ōdammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
-ōdinē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
-ōdammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
-ōdōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
-ōdōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
-ōdinē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
-ōdammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

Old English: -od

Middle English: -ed

Scots: -it

English: -ed

Old Frisian: -ad

Saterland Frisian: -ed

Old Dutch: *-od, *-ot

Middle Dutch: ge- -t

Dutch: ge- -d

Old High German: gi- -ōt

German: ge- -t

Proto-Norse: *-ᛟᚦᚢᛉ (*-oþuʀ)

Old Norse: -aðr, -uðr

Icelandic: -aður, -uður

Faroese: -aður

Swedish: -d, -t

Danish: -et

Norwegian Bokmål: -ete

Norwegian Nynorsk: -ete

Gothic: -𐍉𐌸𐍃 (-ōþs)

Forms adjectives from nouns, indicating the possession of a thing or a quality.


juhtaz

*juhtaz (a-stem)

juhtaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
juhtai (masculine nominative plural strong)
juhtō (feminine nominative singular strong)
juhtôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
juhtą (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
juhtō (neuter nominative plural strong)
juhtanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
juhtanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
juhtǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
juhtōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
juhtą (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
juhtō (accusative neuter plural strong)
juhtas (genitive masculine singular strong)
-is (genitive masculine singular strong)
juhtaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
juhtaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
juhtaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
juhtas (genitive neuter singular strong)
-is (genitive neuter singular strong)
juhtaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
juhtammai (dative masculine singular strong)
juhtaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
juhtaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
juhtaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
juhtammai (dative neuter singular strong)
juhtaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
juhtanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
juhtaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
juhtaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
juhtaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
juhtanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
juhtaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
juhtô (masculine nominative singular weak)
juhtaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
juhtǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
juhtōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
juhtô (neuter nominative singular weak)
juhtōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
juhtanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
juhtanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
juhtōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
juhtōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
juhtô (accusative neuter singular weak)
juhtōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
juhtiniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
juhtanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
juhtōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
juhtōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
juhtiniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
juhtanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
juhtini (dative masculine singular weak)
juhtammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
juhtōni (dative feminine singular weak)
juhtōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
juhtini (dative neuter singular weak)
juhtammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
juhtinē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
juhtammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
juhtōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
juhtōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
juhtinē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
juhtammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

Old English: ġeiht

Old High German: *joht, gijoht

→ Finnish: juhta


gelstrą

gelstrą (nominative singular)
gelstrō (nominative plural)
gelstrą (singular vocative)
gelstrō (plural vocative)
gelstrą (accusative singular)
gelstrō (accusative plural)
gelstras (genitive singular)
gilstris (genitive singular)
gelstrǫ̂ (genitive plural)
gelstrai (dative singular)
gelstramaz (dative plural)
gelstrō (instrumental singular)
gelstramiz (instrumental plural)

Proto-West Germanic: *gelstr
Old High German: gelstar
⇒ Middle High German: gelsterkorn

Gothic: 𐌲𐌹𐌻𐍃𐍄𐍂 (gilstr)

tax, tribute, offering; that which is payed, given as payment


unwitô

unwitô (nominative singular)
unwitaniz (nominative plural)
unwitô (singular vocative)
unwitaniz (plural vocative)
unwitanų (accusative singular)
unwitanunz (accusative plural)
unwitiniz (genitive singular)
unwitanǫ̂ (genitive plural)
unwitini (dative singular)
unwitammaz (dative plural)
unwitinē (instrumental singular)
unwitammiz (instrumental plural)

Old English: unwita

Old High German: unwizzo

Old Norse: úviti, óviti

Faroese: óviti

Icelandic: óviti

Gothic: 𐌿𐌽𐍅𐌹𐍄𐌰 (unwita)

foolish or ignorant person, idiot; one who knows not


wrandijô

gem-decl-noun-table

*wrandijô (an-stem)

wrandijô (nominative singular)
wrandijaniz (nominative plural)
wrandijô (singular vocative)
wrandijaniz (plural vocative)
wrandijanų (accusative singular)
wrandijanunz (accusative plural)
wrandīniz (genitive singular)
wrandijanǫ̂ (genitive plural)
wrandīni (dative singular)
wrandijammaz (dative plural)
wrandīnē (instrumental singular)
wrandijammiz (instrumental plural)

Proto-West Germanic: *wrandijō

desc

Old English: wrænna, wrenna, werna, wærna; wrenne f

Middle English: wrenne, wranne

English: wren

Scots: wran

Old High German: *renteo, rento

⇒ Proto-West Germanic: *wrandilō

Old Saxon: wrėndilo

Old High German: rentilo

>? Old Norse: *vrendi, *vrindi

gl

⇒ Old Norse: *vrindill, rindill (alternatively, borrowed from Old Saxon)

Icelandic: rindill

Norwegian: rennel, rinnel, rynnel

Danish: rindel

Unknown. Compare Old Irish dreän, Welsh dryw.


kimbaną

kimbō (active first-person indicative singular)
kimbaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
kimbai (first-person indicative passive singular)
kimbizi (active indicative second-person singular)
kimbaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
kimb (active imperative second-person singular)
kimbazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
kimbaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
kimbidi (active indicative singular third-person)
kimbai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
kimbadau (active imperative singular third-person)
kimbadai (indicative passive singular third-person)
kimbaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
kimbōz (active dual first-person indicative)
kimbaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
kimbadiz (active dual indicative second-person)
kimbaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
kimbadiz (active dual imperative second-person)
kimbamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
kimbaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
kimbandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
kimbaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
kimbid (active indicative plural second-person)
kimbaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
kimbid (active imperative plural second-person)
kimbandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
kimbaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
kimbandi (active indicative plural third-person)
kimbain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
kimbandau (active imperative plural third-person)
kimbandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
kimbaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
kamb (active first-person indicative singular)
kumbį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
kamft (active indicative second-person singular)
kumbīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
kamb (active indicative singular third-person)
kumbī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
kumbū (active dual first-person indicative)
kumbīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
kumbudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
kumbīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
kumbum (active first-person indicative plural)
kumbīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
kumbud (active indicative plural second-person)
kumbīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
kumbun (active indicative plural third-person)
kumbīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
kimbandz (active participle present)
kumbanaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Old English: ċimban

From Proto-Indo-European *gem- (“to grab; hold; press; pack; cram”).


wōkraz

wōkraz (nominative singular)
wōkrōz (nominative plural)
wōkrōs (nominative plural)
wōkr (singular vocative)
wōkrōz (plural vocative)
wōkrōs (plural vocative)
wōkrą (accusative singular)
wōkranz (accusative plural)
wōkras (genitive singular)
wōkris (genitive singular)
wōkrǫ̂ (genitive plural)
wōkrai (dative singular)
wōkramaz (dative plural)
wōkrō (instrumental singular)
wōkramiz (instrumental plural)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *wōkr
Old English: wōcor f
Old Frisian: wōker m or n
Saterland Frisian: Wouker
West Frisian: woeker
Old Saxon: *wōkar
Middle Low German: wôker, wûker
Old Dutch: wuoker
Middle Dutch: woeker
Dutch: woeker
Afrikaans: woeker
Old High German: wuohhar, wuochar m or n
Middle High German: wuocher
German: Wucher
→ German Low German: Wucher
→ Saterland Frisian: Wucher
Yiddish: וואָכער (vokher)

i

Old Norse: ókr, okr n (also possibly borrowed from Middle Low German)

Icelandic: ókur, okur

Old Swedish: oker, uker

Swedish: ocker

Danish: åger

→ Norwegian: åger

→ Middle English: oker

Scots: ocker

English: oker, ocker

Gothic: 𐍅𐍉𐌺𐍂𐍃 m (wōkrs)

→ Finnish: vuokra

From Proto-Indo-European *h₂weg- (“to add; increase”).


ōbō

ōbō (nominative singular)
ōbôz (nominative plural)
ōbō (singular vocative)
ōbôz (plural vocative)
ōbǭ (accusative singular)
ōbōz (accusative plural)
ōbōz (genitive singular)
ōbǫ̂ (genitive plural)
ōbōi (dative singular)
ōbōmaz (dative plural)
ōbō (instrumental singular)
ōbōmiz (instrumental plural)

Old High German: uoba

The functional o-grade, ō-stem deverbal noun from the lost strong verb *afaną. For the formation, compare *fōrō, *grōbō.

(West Germanic) doing, performing, practicing


ōbijaną

ōbijō (active first-person indicative singular)
ōbijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
ōbijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
ōbīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
ōbijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
ōbī (active imperative second-person singular)
ōbijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
ōbijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
ōbīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
ōbijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
ōbijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
ōbijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
ōbijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
ōbijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
ōbijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
ōbijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
ōbijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
ōbijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
ōbijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
ōbijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
ōbijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
ōbijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
ōbīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
ōbijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
ōbīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
ōbijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
ōbijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
ōbijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
ōbijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
ōbijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
ōbijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
ōbijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
ōbidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
ōbidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
ōbidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
ōbidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
ōbidē (active indicative singular third-person)
ōbidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
ōbidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
ōbidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
ōbidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
ōbidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
ōbidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
ōbidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
ōbidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
ōbidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
ōbidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
ōbidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
ōbijandz (active participle present)
ōbidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Old Frisian: ēwa, jōwa

⇒ Old Frisian: ōvenia, ōvonia, ōfnia

West Frisian: oefenje

Old Saxon: ōbian, ōvian

Middle Low German: ôven

German Low German: öven

→ Danish: øve

→ Swedish: öva

→ Norwegian: øve

Old Dutch: *uoven

Middle Dutch: oeven

Dutch: oeven (archaic, dialectal)

⇒ Middle Dutch: oefenen

Dutch: oefenen

Afrikaans: oefen

Old High German: uoben, uaben, uopen

Middle High German: uoben, üeben, üben

German: üben

→? Saterland Frisian: üübje

→ Luxembourgish: üben

Hunsrik: ieve

Rhine Franconian: iwe

Old Norse: *œfa

Icelandic: æfa

The causative-iterative formation to a lost strong verb *afaną, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃ep- (“to labor, work”).


slagjǭ

slagjǭ (nominative singular)
slagjōniz (nominative plural)
slagjǭ (singular vocative)
slagjōniz (plural vocative)
slagjōnų (accusative singular)
slagjōnunz (accusative plural)
slagjōniz (genitive singular)
slagjōnǫ̂ (genitive plural)
slagjōni (dative singular)
slagjōmaz (dative plural)
slagjōnē (instrumental singular)
slagjōmiz (instrumental plural)

Old English: sleċġ (< *slagjō); sleġel (< *slagilaz)

Middle English: slegge

Scots: sleg, sledge

English: sledge

Old Frisian: *slegel (< *slagilaz)

Saterland Frisian: Släägel

Old Saxon: *slaggia, *slaggea; *slegil (< *slagilaz)

Middle Low German: slage, slagen; slēgel

Old Dutch: *slegga

Middle Dutch: slegge

Dutch: slegge, sleg; slagel, slegel

Old High German: slegil (< *slagilaz)

Middle High German: slegel

German: Schlegel, Schlägel

Luxembourgish: Schléiel

Old Norse: sleggja

Icelandic: sleggja

Norwegian: sleggje; slegge

Old Swedish: slæggia

Swedish: slägga

→ Finnish: leka

Danish: slægge

/ˈslɑɣ.jɔ̃ː/

From Proto-Indo-European *slak- (“to hit; strike”).


daugijaną

daugijō (active first-person indicative singular)
daugijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
daugijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
daugīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
daugijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
daugī (active imperative second-person singular)
daugijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
daugijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
daugīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
daugijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
daugijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
daugijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
daugijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
daugijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
daugijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
daugijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
daugijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
daugijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
daugijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
daugijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
daugijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
daugijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
daugīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
daugijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
daugīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
daugijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
daugijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
daugijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
daugijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
daugijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
daugijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
daugijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
daugidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
daugidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
daugidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
daugidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
daugidē (active indicative singular third-person)
daugidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
daugidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
daugidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
daugidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
daugidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
daugidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
daugidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
daugidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
daugidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
daugidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
daugidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
daugijandz (active participle present)
daugidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *daugijan
Old English: ġedīeġan
Old Saxon: ādōgian
Old Dutch: *dōgen
Middle Dutch: dogen
Dutch: dogen, gedogen
Afrikaans: doog

An intensive formation derived from the root of *duganą.


hungrijaną

hungrijō (active first-person indicative singular)
hungrijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
hungrijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
hungrīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
hungrijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
hungrī (active imperative second-person singular)
hungrijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
hungrijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
hungrīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
hungrijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
hungrijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
hungrijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
hungrijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
hungrijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
hungrijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
hungrijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
hungrijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
hungrijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
hungrijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
hungrijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
hungrijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
hungrijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
hungrīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
hungrijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
hungrīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
hungrijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
hungrijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
hungrijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
hungrijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
hungrijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
hungrijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
hungrijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
hungridǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
hungridēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
hungridēz (active indicative second-person singular)
hungridēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
hungridē (active indicative singular third-person)
hungridēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
hungridēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
hungridēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
hungridēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
hungridēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
hungridēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
hungridēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
hungridēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
hungridēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
hungridēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
hungridēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
hungrijandz (active participle present)
hungridaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *hungrijan
Old English: hyngran
Middle English: hüngren, hingren, hengren
Scots: hungir
English: hunger
Old Saxon: hungrian
Old Dutch: hungeren
Middle Dutch: hongeren
Dutch: hongeren
Old High German: hungaren

Gothic: 𐌷𐌿𐌲𐌲𐍂𐌾𐌰𐌽 (huggrjan)

(impersonal, with accusative) to be hungry, starve


wristuz

wristuz (nominative singular)
wristiwiz (nominative plural)
wristu (singular vocative)
wristiwiz (plural vocative)
wristų (accusative singular)
wristunz (accusative plural)
wristauz (genitive singular)
wristiwǫ̂ (genitive plural)
wristiwi (dative singular)
wristumaz (dative plural)
wristū (instrumental singular)
wristumiz (instrumental plural)

Old English: wrist, wyrst
Middle English: wrist, wryst, wryste, wriste, wyrste, wirste, virste, wrest, wreste, wrost
English: wrist
Scots: wrist
Yola: wrasth, wraste

Old Frisian: wrist, wirst

North Frisian: wråst

Old Saxon: *wrist

Middle Low German: wrist

German Low German: Wrist

Old Dutch: *wrist

Middle Dutch: wrist, wrest

Old High German: wrist, rist

Middle High German: rist; riste

German: Rist

Old Norse: rist, vrist
Icelandic: rist
Norn: rist
Old Swedish: vrist
Swedish: vrist
Danish: vrist

From Proto-Indo-European *wrey- (“to turn; wrap; bind”), from *wer- (“to bend; turn”).


risiz

risiz (nominative singular)
risīz (nominative plural)
risi (singular vocative)
risīz (plural vocative)
risį (accusative singular)
risinz (accusative plural)
risīz (genitive singular)
risjǫ̂ (genitive plural)
risī (dative singular)
risimaz (dative plural)
risī (instrumental singular)
risimiz (instrumental plural)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *risi, *wrisi
Old Frisian: *rise
Saterland Frisian: Riese
West Frisian: reis
Old Saxon: *risi, *wrisi
Middle Low German: rêse
German Low German:
Bentheimisch: Ries
Westmünsterländisch: Riese
⇒? Old Saxon: wrisilīk (“giant”, adj)
⇒? Old Saxon: wrisilīko (“gigantic”, adverb)
Old Dutch: *risi
Middle Dutch: rêse, rôse, ruese
Dutch: reus
Afrikaans: reus
→ West Frisian: reus
Old High German: risi
Middle High German: rise
German: Riese
Luxembourgish: Ris

Old Norse: risi
Icelandic: risi
Faroese: risi
Norwegian: rise
Old Swedish: rise
Swedish: rese
Danish: rise

Unknown. Possibly a zero-grade derivative of *rīsaną.
On the basis of Old Dutch wrisil (“hero”) and Old Saxon wrisilīk (“gigantic”), this form is sometimes reconstructed as *wrisi-, and then either from Proto-Indo-European *wreyh₁- (thus related to Ancient Greek ῥίον (rhíon, “peak, summit”), and perhaps Tocharian A ri, Tocharian B rye (“city, town”), Thracian βρία (vría, “city, wall”)), or from Proto-Indo-European *wers- (“hill, top”) (perhaps whence Latin verrūca (“wart; hillock”), Sanskrit वर्स्मन् (vársman, “height, top”), Proto-Slavic *vьrxъ (“top”)). However, this derivation is problematic as there is no sign of an initial cluster wr- in any of the descendants that otherwise preserve it (northern West Germanic and Old East Norse).


fangą

fangą (nominative singular)
fangō (nominative plural)
fangą (singular vocative)
fangō (plural vocative)
fangą (accusative singular)
fangō (accusative plural)
fangas (genitive singular)
fangis (genitive singular)
fangǫ̂ (genitive plural)
fangai (dative singular)
fangamaz (dative plural)
fangō (instrumental singular)
fangamiz (instrumental plural)

Old English: fang m

desc

>? Middle English: fang (possibly from Old Norse or reformed from the verb)

English: fang

Scots: fang

Old Norse: fang

Icelandic: fang

Gothic: *𐍆𐌰𐌷 (*fāh), 𐌲𐌰𐍆𐌰𐌷 (gafāh) (with analogical leveling from 𐌲𐌰𐍆𐌰𐌷𐌰𐌽 (gafahan))

→? Proto-Finnic: *panka (see there for further descendants)


leubalīkaz

*leubalīkaz (a-stem)

leubalīkaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
leubalīkai (masculine nominative plural strong)
leubalīkō (feminine nominative singular strong)
leubalīkôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
leubalīką (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
leubalīkō (neuter nominative plural strong)
leubalīkanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
leubalīkanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
leubalīkǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
leubalīkōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
leubalīką (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
leubalīkō (accusative neuter plural strong)
leubalīkas (genitive masculine singular strong)
-is (genitive masculine singular strong)
leubalīkaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
leubalīkaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
leubalīkaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
leubalīkas (genitive neuter singular strong)
-is (genitive neuter singular strong)
leubalīkaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
leubalīkammai (dative masculine singular strong)
leubalīkaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
leubalīkaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
leubalīkaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
leubalīkammai (dative neuter singular strong)
leubalīkaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
leubalīkanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
leubalīkaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
leubalīkaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
leubalīkaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
leubalīkanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
leubalīkaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
leubalīkô (masculine nominative singular weak)
leubalīkaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
leubalīkǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
leubalīkōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
leubalīkô (neuter nominative singular weak)
leubalīkōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
leubalīkanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
leubalīkanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
leubalīkōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
leubalīkōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
leubalīkô (accusative neuter singular weak)
leubalīkōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
leubalīkiniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
leubalīkanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
leubalīkōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
leubalīkōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
leubalīkiniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
leubalīkanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
leubalīkini (dative masculine singular weak)
leubalīkammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
leubalīkōni (dative feminine singular weak)
leubalīkōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
leubalīkini (dative neuter singular weak)
leubalīkammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
leubalīkinē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
leubalīkammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
leubalīkōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
leubalīkōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
leubalīkinē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
leubalīkammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *leubalīk
Old English: lēoflīc
Middle English: leoflich, leflich, lefly
English: liefly
Old Frisian: *liāflik
West Frisian: leaflik
Old Saxon: *lioflīk
Middle Low German: lêflīk, lêvelīk
German Low German: levelk
→ Saterland Frisian: läifelk
Old Dutch: *lieflīc
Middle Dutch: lieflijc
Dutch: lieflijk
Afrikaans: lieflik
Old High German: *lioblīh
Middle High German: lieplich
German: lieblich

Old Norse: ljúfligr

Faroese: ljúvligur

Icelandic: ljúflegur

Old Danish: ljuvlig

Old Swedish: liūflīker

Swedish: ljuvlig

Norwegian Nynorsk: ljuvleg

Gothic: 𐌻𐌹𐌿𐌱𐌰𐌻𐌴𐌹𐌺𐍃 (liubaleiks)


dusnaz

*dusnaz (a-stem)

dusnaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
dusnai (masculine nominative plural strong)
dusnō (feminine nominative singular strong)
dusnôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
dusną (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
dusnō (neuter nominative plural strong)
dusnanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
dusnanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
dusnǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
dusnōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
dusną (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
dusnō (accusative neuter plural strong)
dusnas (genitive masculine singular strong)
-is (genitive masculine singular strong)
dusnaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
dusnaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
dusnaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
dusnas (genitive neuter singular strong)
-is (genitive neuter singular strong)
dusnaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
dusnammai (dative masculine singular strong)
dusnaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
dusnaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
dusnaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
dusnammai (dative neuter singular strong)
dusnaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
dusnanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
dusnaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
dusnaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
dusnaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
dusnanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
dusnaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
dusnô (masculine nominative singular weak)
dusnaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
dusnǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
dusnōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
dusnô (neuter nominative singular weak)
dusnōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
dusnanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
dusnanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
dusnōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
dusnōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
dusnô (accusative neuter singular weak)
dusnōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
dusniniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
dusnanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
dusnōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
dusnōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
dusniniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
dusnanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
dusnini (dative masculine singular weak)
dusnammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
dusnōni (dative feminine singular weak)
dusnōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
dusnini (dative neuter singular weak)
dusnammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
dusninē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
dusnammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
dusnōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
dusnōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
dusninē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
dusnammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

Old English: dunn, dun

Middle English: dunne, donne, dune, dun

Scots: dune, dun, din

English: dun

Old Saxon: *dunn, dun; dosan

Old High German: tusin

From Proto-Indo-European *dʰus-no-s (cognate with Proto-Celtic *dusnos (“dark, brown”)), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰwes-, seemingly related to Proto-Indo-European *dʰewh₂-.

dunna

Old Norse: dunna (“female duck”, literally “the brown one”); Icelandic

dunne

Old Norse: dunna (“female duck”, literally “the brown one”); Norwegian Nynorsk


halbiz

halbiz (nominative singular)
halbīz (nominative plural)
halbi (singular vocative)
halbīz (plural vocative)
halbį (accusative singular)
halbinz (accusative plural)
halbīz (genitive singular)
halbijǫ̂ (genitive plural)
halbī (dative singular)
halbimaz (dative plural)
halbī (instrumental singular)
halbimiz (instrumental plural)

Proto-West Germanic: *halbi

Old Dutch: *helvi

Middle Dutch: helve

Old High German: halb, helb

Middle High German: halp, help

German: Helb

Mòcheno: helb

From Proto-Indo-European *(s)kel- (“to cut”).


kuzą

kuzą (nominative singular)
kuzō (nominative plural)
kuzą (singular vocative)
kuzō (plural vocative)
kuzą (accusative singular)
kuzō (accusative plural)
kuzas (genitive singular)
kuzis (genitive singular)
kuzǫ̂ (genitive plural)
kuzai (dative singular)
kuzamaz (dative plural)
kuzō (instrumental singular)
kuzamiz (instrumental plural)

Proto-West Germanic: *koʀ
Old English: *cor
Middle English: cor, core
⇒ Old English: ġecor
Old Frisian: kor
>? West Frisian: kar

Old Norse:

East Old Norse: *koʀ

West Old Norse: kør
Icelandic: kjör
Faroese: kor
Norwegian Nynorsk: kòr, kår
Swedish: kor
Danish: kår
Norwegian Bokmål: kår

From Proto-Indo-European *ǵews- (“to taste; choose”).


laiwarikǭ

laiwarikǭ (nominative singular)
laiwarikōniz (nominative plural)
laiwarikǭ (singular vocative)
laiwarikōniz (plural vocative)
laiwarikōnų (accusative singular)
laiwarikōnunz (accusative plural)
laiwarikōniz (genitive singular)
laiwarikōnǫ̂ (genitive plural)
laiwarikōni (dative singular)
laiwarikōmaz (dative plural)
laiwarikōnē (instrumental singular)
laiwarikōmiz (instrumental plural)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *laiwarikā, *laiwaʀikā
Old English: lāwerce, lǣwerce, lāwriċe, lāferċe
Middle English: larke, laverche, laveroc, laverke, laverock, leverock, lerke, livroche, laverok
English: lark, laverock, lavrock
Scots: lark, lork, laveirk, laverok
Yola: lereke, lerock
Old Frisian: *lēwerke, *lēwertze, *lertze
North Frisian: lāsk (<? *laiwaʀikā)
Saterland Frisian: Läiverke, Leeuwerke (Skäddel)
West Frisian: ljurk, lartse, larts, lerts, ljurts
Old Saxon: lēwerka
Middle Low German: lêwerike, lêwerke, lêrke
German Low German: Leverke, Leverk
Old Dutch: *leiwerka, *lēwerka
Middle Dutch: lewerke, leeuwerke, liewerick, lewerijck, lewerick
Dutch: leeuwerik
⇒ Afrikaans: lewerkie
→ West Frisian: ljurk
Old High German: lērihha
Middle High German: lērche, lërche, lērhe
German: Lerche
Luxembourgish: Léierchen
→ Old Galician-Portuguese: *laverca (← Suevic *lawerka or Visigothic *𐌻𐌰𐌹𐍅𐌰𐍂𐌺𐍉 (*laiwarkō))
Galician: laverca
Portuguese: laverca

Old Norse: lævirki m

Icelandic: lævirki

Faroese: lerkur (< Danish ?)

Norwegian: lerke

Old Swedish: lærikia

Swedish: lärka

Danish: lærke

Perhaps from earlier *laiwazikǭ, a diminutive of *laiwaz (“lark”). Further origin uncertain.
According to Kuiper, from a European substratum (substrate) word, possibly a Celto-Germanic root shared with Gaulish *alawda (“skylark”); compare Latin alauda (“lark”).


maisǭ

maisǭ (nominative singular)
maisōniz (nominative plural)
maisǭ (singular vocative)
maisōniz (plural vocative)
maisōnų (accusative singular)
maisōnunz (accusative plural)
maisōniz (genitive singular)
maisōnǫ̂ (genitive plural)
maisōni (dative singular)
maisōmaz (dative plural)
maisōnē (instrumental singular)
maisōmiz (instrumental plural)

Proto-West Germanic: *maisā
Old English: māse
Middle English: mose
⇒ Middle English: titmose
English: titmouse
Old Frisian: *māse, *mēse
⇒ Old Frisian: *mēske (diminutive)
Saterland Frisian: Meeske
West Frisian: mieske
Old Saxon: mēsa
Middle Low German: mêse, meise
Dutch Low Saxon: meesje
German Low German: Meesch
Altmärkisch, Low Prussian: Mêsk
Dortmunisch: Mêəseken
Low Prussian: Mêske, Möske, Mösk
Westphalian:
Bentheimisch: Mêse
East Westphalian (Lippisch), Westmünsterländisch: Meese
East Westphalian (Wedemarkisch): Meise
→ Norwegian: meis
→ Swedish: mes
→ Danish: mejse
Old Dutch: *mēsa
Middle Dutch: mese, meese
Dutch: mees
Old High German: meisa
Middle High German: meise
Bavarian: Meisn
German: Meise
Luxembourgish: Mees

/ˈmɑi̯.sɔ̃ː/

Unknown; compared to Proto-Celtic *mesal-(s)kā (“blackbird”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂mes-l- (Latin merula). Or, possibly related to Norwegian Nynorsk meis (“weak”) and Flemish mijzen (“shatter”), possibly related to Proto-Germanic *maisa- (“small”), or possibly related to Dutch miezerig (“small, measly”).

Old French: mesenge

→ Medieval Latin: misinga, mesenga, masance, *mesengra [10th c.] (possibly < Old Norse meisingr)


nōmnijaną

nōmnijō (active first-person indicative singular)
nōmnijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
nōmnijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
nōmnīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
nōmnijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
nōmnī (active imperative second-person singular)
nōmnijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
nōmnijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
nōmnīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
nōmnijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
nōmnijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
nōmnijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
nōmnijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
nōmnijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
nōmnijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
nōmnijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
nōmnijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
nōmnijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
nōmnijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
nōmnijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
nōmnijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
nōmnijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
nōmnīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
nōmnijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
nōmnīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
nōmnijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
nōmnijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
nōmnijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
nōmnijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
nōmnijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
nōmnijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
nōmnijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
nōmnidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
nōmnidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
nōmnidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
nōmnidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
nōmnidē (active indicative singular third-person)
nōmnidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
nōmnidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
nōmnidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
nōmnidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
nōmnidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
nōmnidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
nōmnidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
nōmnidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
nōmnidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
nōmnidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
nōmnidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
nōmnijandz (active participle present)
nōmnidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Old Saxon: *nōmnian

desc

Middle Low German: nȫmenen, nümmenen, nommen


nōmijaną

nōmijō (active first-person indicative singular)
nōmijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
nōmijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
nōmīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
nōmijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
nōmī (active imperative second-person singular)
nōmijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
nōmijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
nōmīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
nōmijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
nōmijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
nōmijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
nōmijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
nōmijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
nōmijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
nōmijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
nōmijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
nōmijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
nōmijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
nōmijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
nōmijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
nōmijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
nōmīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
nōmijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
nōmīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
nōmijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
nōmijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
nōmijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
nōmijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
nōmijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
nōmijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
nōmijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
nōmidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
nōmidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
nōmidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
nōmidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
nōmidē (active indicative singular third-person)
nōmidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
nōmidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
nōmidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
nōmidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
nōmidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
nōmidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
nōmidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
nōmidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
nōmidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
nōmidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
nōmidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
nōmijandz (active participle present)
nōmidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Old Frisian: nōmia

Old Saxon: *nōmian

Middle Low German: nȫmen, noemen, noumen, neumen, nuͤmen

German Low German: nömen (benömen)

Old Dutch: *nuomen, *nōmen

Middle Dutch: nōmen, noemen

Dutch: noemen

Afrikaans: noem

Limburgish: neume

Old High German: *nuomen

Middle High German: nuomen, nüemen (benuomen, benüemen)

Central Franconian: nööme

From earlier *nōmnijaną, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁nómn̥ (“name”).


nutjōną

nutjō (active first-person indicative singular)
nutjǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
nutjōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
nutjōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
nutjōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
nutjō (active imperative second-person singular)
nutjōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
nutjōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
nutjōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
nutjō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
nutjōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
nutjōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
nutjōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
nutjōs (active dual first-person indicative)
nutjōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
nutjōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
nutjōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
nutjōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
nutjōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
nutjōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
nutjōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
nutjōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
nutjōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
nutjōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
nutjōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
nutjōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
nutjōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
nutjōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
nutjōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
nutjōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
nutjōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
nutjōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
nutjōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
nutjōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
nutjōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
nutjōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
nutjōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
nutjōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
nutjōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
nutjōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
nutjōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
nutjōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
nutjōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
nutjōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
nutjōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
nutjōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
nutjōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
nutjōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
nutjōndz (active participle present)
nutjōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *nuttjōn

Old English: nyttian

Middle English: nutten, nitten

(Old Saxon: *nuttiōn?)

(Middle Low German: nutten, nütten?)

Old High German: nuzzōn

Middle High German: nutzen, nützen

Cimbrian: nützan

German: nutzen, nützen

Yiddish: ניצן (nitsn)

Old Norse: nytja

Icelandic: nytja

(Faroese: nytta)

Old Swedish: nytia

Swedish: nyttja


nutōną

nutō (active first-person indicative singular)
nutǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
nutōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
nutōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
nutōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
nutō (active imperative second-person singular)
nutōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
nutōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
nutōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
nutō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
nutōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
nutōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
nutōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
nutōs (active dual first-person indicative)
nutōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
nutōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
nutōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
nutōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
nutōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
nutōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
nutōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
nutōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
nutōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
nutōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
nutōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
nutōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
nutōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
nutōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
nutōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
nutōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
nutōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
nutōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
nutōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
nutōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
nutōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
nutōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
nutōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
nutōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
nutōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
nutōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
nutōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
nutōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
nutōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
nutōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
nutōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
nutōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
nutōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
nutōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
nutōndz (active participle present)
nutōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *notōn

desctree

Old English: notian
Middle English: noten, notien
Scots: note

Old Frisian: notia

Saterland Frisian: nutje, nutsje

West Frisian: nutsje

Old Norse: nota

Icelandic: nota


kwastuz

kwastuz (nominative singular)
kwastiwiz (nominative plural)
kwastu (singular vocative)
kwastiwiz (plural vocative)
kwastų (accusative singular)
kwastunz (accusative plural)
kwastauz (genitive singular)
kwastiwǫ̂ (genitive plural)
kwastiwi (dative singular)
kwastumaz (dative plural)
kwastū (instrumental singular)
kwastumiz (instrumental plural)

Old Frisian: *kwast

Saterland Frisian: Kwast

West Frisian: kwast

Old Saxon: *kwast

Middle Low German: quast, quest

German Low German: Quast

Old Dutch: *kwast

Middle Dutch: quast

Dutch: kwast

Afrikaans: kwas

desc

Old High German: *quast, *quasta, questa

Middle High German: quast, quaste, queste, koste, kost

German: Queste, Quaste, Quest

Old Norse: *kvǫstr; (kvistr)

(Icelandic: kvistur)

(Faroese: kvistur)

(Norwegian Bokmål: kvist)

(Norwegian Nynorsk: kvist)

Old Swedish: kvaster, koster

Swedish: kvast; (kvist)

Danish: kvast, kost; (kvist)

→ Norwegian Bokmål: kost

(→ Middle English: quist; (twist))

(Scots: twist)

(English: twist)

From Proto-Indo-European *gʷes- (“twig; leafwork”).
Alternatively perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *gwosdos (“piece of wood”). Compare Proto-Celtic *bozdos (“tail, penis”), Middle Irish bot (“tail, penis”), Welsh both (“hub, nave”), Proto-Slavic *gvozdь (“nail, tack, peg”).


grindiz

grindiz (nominative singular)
grindīz (nominative plural)
grindi (singular vocative)
grindīz (plural vocative)
grindį (accusative singular)
grindinz (accusative plural)
grindīz (genitive singular)
grindijǫ̂ (genitive plural)
grindī (dative singular)
grindimaz (dative plural)
grindī (instrumental singular)
grindimiz (instrumental plural)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *grindil
Old English: grindel
Old Saxon: grindil, grendil
Middle Low German: grindel, grendel
German Low German: Grendel, Grinnel, Grennel
Old Dutch: grindel
Middle Dutch: grindel, grendel
Dutch: grendel
Afrikaans: grendel
→ Caribbean Javanese: grèndhèl
→ Indonesian: gerendel
→ Javanese: ꦒꦿꦺꦤ꧀ꦝꦺꦭ꧀ (grèndhèl), grendel
→ Papiamentu: rèndu, grendel, grender
Old High German: grintil, crintil, grindil, krindil
Middle High German: grintel, grindel, grendel
German: Grindel

Old Norse: grind

Icelandic: grind

Faroese: grind

Old Swedish: grind

Swedish: grind

→ Scots: grind (Shetland, Orkney)

From Proto-Indo-European *gʰréndʰ-is, from *gʰrendʰ- (“beam, plank”).


hnudōną

hnudō (active first-person indicative singular)
hnudǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
hnudōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
hnudōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
hnudōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
hnudō (active imperative second-person singular)
hnudōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
hnudōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
hnudōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
hnudō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
hnudōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
hnudōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
hnudōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
hnudōs (active dual first-person indicative)
hnudōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
hnudōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
hnudōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
hnudōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
hnudōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
hnudōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
hnudōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
hnudōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
hnudōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
hnudōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
hnudōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
hnudōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
hnudōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
hnudōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
hnudōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
hnudōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
hnudōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
hnudōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
hnudōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
hnudōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
hnudōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
hnudōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
hnudōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
hnudōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
hnudōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
hnudōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
hnudōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
hnudōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
hnudōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
hnudōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
hnudōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
hnudōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
hnudōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
hnudōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
hnudōndz (active participle present)
hnudōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Old English: *hnodian

Middle English: nodden

Scots: nod

English: nod

Old High German: hnotōn

Middle High German: notten

From Proto-Indo-European *knḍʰ-, from *knu-, *knew- (“to scratch; scrape; rub”), from Proto-Indo-European *ken- (“to scratch; scrape; rub”).


kuntǭ

kuntǭ (nominative singular)
kuntōniz (nominative plural)
kuntǭ (singular vocative)
kuntōniz (plural vocative)
kuntōnų (accusative singular)
kuntōnunz (accusative plural)
kuntōniz (genitive singular)
kuntōnǫ̂ (genitive plural)
kuntōni (dative singular)
kuntōmaz (dative plural)
kuntōnē (instrumental singular)
kuntōmiz (instrumental plural)

Old English: *cunte

Middle English: cunte

Scots: cunt

English: cunt

Old Frisian: cunte

Saterland Frisian: Kunte

West Frisian: kûnt, kont

Old Saxon: *kunta

Middle Low German: kunte

German Low German: Kunt

Old Dutch: *kunta

Middle Dutch: conte

Dutch: kont

Afrikaans: kont

Old High German: cunta

Middle High German: kunt

Czech: kunda

Slovak: kunda

Old Norse: kunta

Icelandic: kunta

Faroese: kunta

Norwegian: kunte

Swedish: kunta

Danish: kunte

Unknown. Possibly from Proto-Indo-European *gʷḗn.


kwikwandiją

kwikwandiją (nominative singular)
kwikwandijō (nominative plural)
kwikwandiją (singular vocative)
kwikwandijō (plural vocative)
kwikwandiją (accusative singular)
kwikwandijō (accusative plural)
kwikwandijas (genitive singular)
kwikwandīs (genitive singular)
kwikwandijǫ̂ (genitive plural)
kwikwandijai (dative singular)
kwikwandijamaz (dative plural)
kwikwandijō (instrumental singular)
kwikwandijamiz (instrumental plural)

desc

Old Norse: kvikvendi, kvikendi, kvikindi, kykvendi

Icelandic: kvikvendi, kvikendi, kvikindi, kykvendi


lahō

lahō (nominative singular)
lahôz (nominative plural)
lahō (singular vocative)
lahôz (plural vocative)
lahǭ (accusative singular)
lahōz (accusative plural)
lahōz (genitive singular)
lahǫ̂ (genitive plural)
lahōi (dative singular)
lahōmaz (dative plural)
lahō (instrumental singular)
lahōmiz (instrumental plural)

Proto-West Germanic: *lahu

Old High German: *laha, *lā

Middle High German: lā

Old Norse: lá

Icelandic: lá

From Proto-Indo-European *lókus (“lake; pond”).


walmiz

walmiz (nominative singular)
walmīz (nominative plural)
walmi (singular vocative)
walmīz (plural vocative)
walmį (accusative singular)
walminz (accusative plural)
walmīz (genitive singular)
walmijǫ̂ (genitive plural)
walmī (dative singular)
walmimaz (dative plural)
walmī (instrumental singular)
walmimiz (instrumental plural)

Old English: wielm; wælm (<*walmuz)

Middle English: walm, walme, welme; welmen (verb)

English: walm, welm (verb)

Old Dutch: *walm

Middle Dutch: walm; (qualm)

Dutch: walm; (kwalm)

Old High German: walm

Middle High German: walm

(German: Qualm)

Old Norse: *valmr, *vǫlmr (<*walmuz)

Old Danish: valm, volm

From Proto-Indo-European *welH- (“to turn; wind; roll”).


kwikwą

kwikwą (nominative singular)
kwikwō (nominative plural)
kwikwą (singular vocative)
kwikwō (plural vocative)
kwikwą (accusative singular)
kwikwō (accusative plural)
kwikwas (genitive singular)
kwikwis (genitive singular)
kwikwǫ̂ (genitive plural)
kwikwai (dative singular)
kwikwamaz (dative plural)
kwikwō (instrumental singular)
kwikwamiz (instrumental plural)

Old Frisian: quik, quek

North Frisian: quick

Old Saxon: *quik

Middle Low German: quik, quek (in compounds)

Old Dutch: *quic, *quicc

Middle Dutch: quic, quec

Dutch: kwik

Old High German: *quic, *quec

Middle High German: quec, kec, koc

From Proto-Indo-European *gʷih₃wós (“alive”), from Proto-Indo-European *gʷeyh₃- (“to live”).


swibāną

swibō (active first-person indicative singular)
swibaisi (active indicative second-person singular)
swibai (active imperative second-person singular)
swibāsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
swibaiþi (active indicative singular third-person)
swibāþau (active imperative singular third-person)
swibāþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
swibōs (active dual first-person indicative)
swibāþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
swibāþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
swibāmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
swibānþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
swibaiþ (active indicative plural second-person)
swibaiþ (active imperative plural second-person)
swibānþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
swibānþi (active indicative plural third-person)
swibānþau (active imperative plural third-person)
swibānþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
swibadǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
swibadēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
swibadēz (active indicative second-person singular)
swibadēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
swibadē (active indicative singular third-person)
swibadēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
swibadēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
swibadēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
swibadēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
swibadēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
swibadēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
swibadēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
swibadēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
swibadēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
swibadēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
swibadēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
swibāndz (active participle present)
swibadaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Old English: swefian

Old Frisian: swiva

Old Saxon: *swivōn

Middle Low German: swēven

German Low German: sweven

→ Danish: svæve

→ Swedish: sväva

→ Norwegian: sveve

Old Dutch: sweben, *swevon

Middle Dutch: sweven

Dutch: zweven

Afrikaans: sweef

→ West Frisian: sweve

Old High German: swebēn

Middle High German: swëben

desc

Central Franconian: schwevve, schwäwe, schweawe

Luxembourgish: schwiewen

German: schweben

→ Esperanto: ŝvebi

Yiddish: שוועבן (shvebn)

From Proto-Indo-European *ksweybʰ- (“to sweep; move”).


laizō

laizō (nominative singular)
laizôz (nominative plural)
laizō (singular vocative)
laizôz (plural vocative)
laizǭ (accusative singular)
laizōz (accusative plural)
laizōz (genitive singular)
laizǫ̂ (genitive plural)
laizōi (dative singular)
laizōmaz (dative plural)
laizō (instrumental singular)
laizōmiz (instrumental plural)

Proto-West Germanic: *laiʀu

desctree

Old English: lār
Middle English: lore, lar, lare, layre, lere, leyre, loore, lære, leore, loare (Early Middle English)
English: lore
→ Russian: лор (lor)
→ Ukrainian: лор (lor)
Scots: lare, lair

Old Frisian: lāre
Saterland Frisian: Lere, Leere
West Frisian: leare

Old Saxon: lēra

Middle Low German: lêre, lêr, lâre, lâr

German Low German: Lehre, Lehr

→ Danish: lære

→ Swedish: lära

→ Norwegian: lære

Old Dutch: lēra
Middle Dutch: lêre
Dutch: leer
Limburgish: lieër

Old High German: lēra

Middle High German: lēre; lār, lāre (Central German)

German: Lehre

Luxembourgish: Léier

Gothic: *𐌻𐌰𐌹𐍃𐍉 (*laisō)

⇒ Gothic: 𐌻𐌰𐌹𐍃𐌰𐍂𐌴𐌹𐍃 (laisareis)

⇒ Gothic: 𐌻𐌰𐌹𐍃𐌴𐌹𐌲𐍃 (laiseigs)


spilþijaną

spilþijō (active first-person indicative singular)
spilþijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
spilþijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
spilþīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
spilþijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
spilþī (active imperative second-person singular)
spilþijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
spilþijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
spilþīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
spilþijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
spilþijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
spilþijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
spilþijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
spilþijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
spilþijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
spilþijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
spilþijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
spilþijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
spilþijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
spilþijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
spilþijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
spilþijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
spilþīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
spilþijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
spilþīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
spilþijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
spilþijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
spilþijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
spilþijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
spilþijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
spilþijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
spilþijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
spilþidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
spilþidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
spilþidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
spilþidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
spilþidē (active indicative singular third-person)
spilþidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
spilþidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
spilþidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
spilþidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
spilþidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
spilþidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
spilþidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
spilþidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
spilþidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
spilþidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
spilþidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
spilþijandz (active participle present)
spilþidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *spilþijan, *spillijan
Old English: spillan, spildan
Middle English: spillen, spylle, spille, spyl, spil, spyll, spill, spilden, spyllyn
English: spill
Scots: spill
Old Frisian: *spilla
⇒ Saterland Frisian: ferspille
Old Saxon: spildian
Middle Low German: spilden, spillen
German Low German: spillen
Old Dutch: *spilden
Middle Dutch: spilden, spillen
Dutch: spillen
Afrikaans: spil
Old High German: spilden
Middle High German: spilden, spillen
Bavarian: spillen
⇒ Middle High German: spildec
⇒ German: kostspielig

Old Norse: spilla

Icelandic: spilla

Faroese: spilla

Norwegian: spille

Old Swedish: spilla
Swedish: spilla

Danish: spilde


kraitaz

kraitaz (nominative singular)
kraitōz (nominative plural)
kraitōs (nominative plural)
krait (singular vocative)
kraitōz (plural vocative)
kraitōs (plural vocative)
kraitą (accusative singular)
kraitanz (accusative plural)
kraitas (genitive singular)
kraitis (genitive singular)
kraitǫ̂ (genitive plural)
kraitai (dative singular)
kraitamaz (dative plural)
kraitō (instrumental singular)
kraitamiz (instrumental plural)

Old Frisian: *krēt

Saterland Frisian: Kríet

West Frisian: krite

Old Saxon: *krēt

Middle Low German: krêt, kreit; krête (< *kraitijaz)

German Low German: Kreet

desc

Old Dutch: *krēte, *kerte, *krēta, *kerta

Middle Dutch: kerte

Dutch: kert

→⇒ Old French: cretel

→ Middle Dutch: kerteel

Old High German: kreiz

Middle High German: kreiz

Central Franconian:

Hunsrik: Krees

Luxembourgish: Krees

Bavarian: Kraas, Kroas

Cimbrian: kroaz

German: Kreis

→ Middle Low German: kreiz, kreitz, kreis, krês

German Low German: Kreis

Low German: Kräis (Westmunsterland)

→ Dutch: kreits

→ Saterland Frisian: Krais

Rhine Franconian: Kraas, Krääs, Krees, Kreis

Frankfurterisch: [kʀais]

Yiddish: קרײַז (krayz)

Uncertain. Perhaps akin to Proto-Germanic *krītaną (“to scratch; carve”).


swindaną

swindō (active first-person indicative singular)
swindaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
swindai (first-person indicative passive singular)
swindizi (active indicative second-person singular)
swindaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
swind (active imperative second-person singular)
swindazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
swindaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
swindidi (active indicative singular third-person)
swindai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
swindadau (active imperative singular third-person)
swindadai (indicative passive singular third-person)
swindaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
swindōz (active dual first-person indicative)
swindaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
swindadiz (active dual indicative second-person)
swindaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
swindadiz (active dual imperative second-person)
swindamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
swindaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
swindandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
swindaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
swindid (active indicative plural second-person)
swindaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
swindid (active imperative plural second-person)
swindandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
swindaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
swindandi (active indicative plural third-person)
swindain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
swindandau (active imperative plural third-person)
swindandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
swindaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
swand (active first-person indicative singular)
swundį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
swanst (active indicative second-person singular)
swundīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
swand (active indicative singular third-person)
swundī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
swundū (active dual first-person indicative)
swundīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
swundudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
swundīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
swundum (active first-person indicative plural)
swundīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
swundud (active indicative plural second-person)
swundīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
swundun (active indicative plural third-person)
swundīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
swindandz (active participle present)
swundanaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *swindan
Old English: swindan
Middle English: swinden, swynden
Old Frisian: *swinda
Saterland Frisian: swiende
West Frisian: swine
Old Saxon: swindan
Middle Low German: swinden
German Low German: swinnen
→ Norwegian Bokmål: svinne
→ Norwegian Nynorsk: svinne, svinna
→ Old Swedish: svinda, svinna
Swedish: svinna
→ Danish: svinde
Old Dutch: *swindan
Middle Dutch: swinden
Dutch: zwinden
Old High German: swintan
Middle High German: swinden
German: schwinden

Probably related to Proto-Germanic *swīnaną, *dwīnaną, *þwīnaną (“to dwindle”), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰgʷʰey- (“to dwindle”).


leudaną

leudō (active first-person indicative singular)
leudaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
leudai (first-person indicative passive singular)
liudizi (active indicative second-person singular)
leudaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
leud (active imperative second-person singular)
leudazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
leudaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
liudidi (active indicative singular third-person)
leudai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
leudadau (active imperative singular third-person)
leudadai (indicative passive singular third-person)
leudaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
leudōz (active dual first-person indicative)
leudaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
leudadiz (active dual indicative second-person)
leudaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
leudadiz (active dual imperative second-person)
leudamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
leudaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
leudandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
leudaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
liudid (active indicative plural second-person)
leudaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
liudid (active imperative plural second-person)
leudandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
leudaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
leudandi (active indicative plural third-person)
leudain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
leudandau (active imperative plural third-person)
leudandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
leudaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
laud (active first-person indicative singular)
ludį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
laust (active indicative second-person singular)
ludīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
laud (active indicative singular third-person)
ludī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
ludū (active dual first-person indicative)
ludīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
lududiz (active dual indicative second-person)
ludīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
ludum (active first-person indicative plural)
ludīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
ludud (active indicative plural second-person)
ludīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
ludun (active indicative plural third-person)
ludīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
leudandz (active participle present)
ludanaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *leudan
Old English: lēodan
Middle English: leoden
Old Saxon: liodan
Old High German: liotan

⇒ Old Norse: loðinn (past participle)
Icelandic: loðinn
Norwegian Nynorsk: lòden
Swedish: luden
Danish: lodden
Norwegian Bokmål: lodden

Gothic: 𐌻𐌹𐌿𐌳𐌰𐌽 (liudan)

From Proto-Indo-European *h₁léwdʰ-e-ti, from *h₁lewdʰ- (“to grow; people”).


agiþō

agiþō (nominative singular)
agiþôz (nominative plural)
agiþō (singular vocative)
agiþôz (plural vocative)
agiþǭ (accusative singular)
agiþōz (accusative plural)
agiþōz (genitive singular)
agiþǫ̂ (genitive plural)
agiþōi (dative singular)
agiþōmaz (dative plural)
agiþō (instrumental singular)
agiþōmiz (instrumental plural)

Proto-West Germanic: *agiþā
Old English: eġeþe
Middle English: eythe
Old Frisian: eide
Old Saxon: egitha
Old Dutch: *egitha
Middle Dutch: ēgede, ēegde
Old High German: egida
Middle High German: egede, egde
Cimbrian: égata
Early Modern German: eide

From Proto-Indo-European *h₂oḱ-et-eh₂ (“harrow”), from *h₂eḱ- (“sharp”).


flutô

flutô (nominative singular)
flutaniz (nominative plural)
flutô (singular vocative)
flutaniz (plural vocative)
flutanų (accusative singular)
flutanunz (accusative plural)
flutiniz (genitive singular)
flutanǫ̂ (genitive plural)
flutini (dative singular)
flutammaz (dative plural)
flutinē (instrumental singular)
flutammiz (instrumental plural)

Old English: flota m

Middle English: flote

Scots: flote, flot

English: float

Old High German: flozza f

Middle High German: vlozze

German: Flosse

Ido: floso

Old Norse: floti m

Icelandic: floti

Faroese: floti

Norwegian: flåte

Old Swedish: floti, fluti

Swedish: flotte, flotta

Danish: flåde

→ Old French: flotte

Middle French: flotte

French: flotte

→ German: Flotte (through confluence with Middle Low German vlôte)

→ Italian: flotta

From Proto-Indo-European *plewd-, *plew- (“to fly; flow; run”).


hlankô

hlankô (nominative singular)
hlankaniz (nominative plural)
hlankô (singular vocative)
hlankaniz (plural vocative)
hlankanų (accusative singular)
hlankanunz (accusative plural)
hlankiniz (genitive singular)
hlankanǫ̂ (genitive plural)
hlankini (dative singular)
hlankammaz (dative plural)
hlankinē (instrumental singular)
hlankammiz (instrumental plural)

Old High German: lanko, lanco

⇒ Old High German: gilanko, gilanco

Middle High German: gelanc, glanc

/ˈxlɑŋ.kɔːː/


hlankaz

*hlankaz (a-stem)

hlankaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
hlankai (masculine nominative plural strong)
hlankō (feminine nominative singular strong)
hlankôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
hlanką (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
hlankō (neuter nominative plural strong)
hlankanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
hlankanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
hlankǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
hlankōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
hlanką (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
hlankō (accusative neuter plural strong)
hlankas (genitive masculine singular strong)
-is (genitive masculine singular strong)
hlankaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
hlankaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
hlankaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
hlankas (genitive neuter singular strong)
-is (genitive neuter singular strong)
hlankaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
hlankammai (dative masculine singular strong)
hlankaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
hlankaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
hlankaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
hlankammai (dative neuter singular strong)
hlankaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
hlankanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
hlankaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
hlankaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
hlankaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
hlankanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
hlankaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
hlankô (masculine nominative singular weak)
hlankaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
hlankǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
hlankōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
hlankô (neuter nominative singular weak)
hlankōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
hlankanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
hlankanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
hlankōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
hlankōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
hlankô (accusative neuter singular weak)
hlankōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
hlankiniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
hlankanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
hlankōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
hlankōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
hlankiniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
hlankanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
hlankini (dative masculine singular weak)
hlankammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
hlankōni (dative feminine singular weak)
hlankōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
hlankini (dative neuter singular weak)
hlankammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
hlankinē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
hlankammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
hlankōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
hlankōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
hlankinē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
hlankammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

Old English: hlanc
Middle English: lank
English: lank
⇒ English: lanky
Scots: lank

Perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *kleng-, *klenk- (“to bend; wind; twist”), though with no certain cognates outside Germanic. Possible extra-Germanic comparanda include Latin clingō (“to gird”) (which is only marginally attested), Tocharian B kleṅke (“vehicle”).


hlankō

hlankō (nominative singular)
hlankôz (nominative plural)
hlankō (singular vocative)
hlankôz (plural vocative)
hlankǭ (accusative singular)
hlankōz (accusative plural)
hlankōz (genitive singular)
hlankǫ̂ (genitive plural)
hlankōi (dative singular)
hlankōmaz (dative plural)
hlankō (instrumental singular)
hlankōmiz (instrumental plural)

Proto-West Germanic: *hlanku

Old English: *hlanc, *hlonc

Middle English: *lanke, lonke

English: lank, lonck, lunk (dialectal)

Old Saxon: hlanka

Middle Low German: lanke

German Low German: Lank

Frankish: *hlanka

Old Dutch: *hlanka, *lanka

Middle Dutch: lanke

Dutch: lank

→ Old French: flanche f, flanc m (see there for further descendants)

Middle French: flanche

→? English: flanch, flange

desc

Old High German: hlanca, hlancha, lanca, lanka

Middle High German: lanke

German: Lanke (obsolete)


hlankiz

hlankiz (nominative singular)
hlankīz (nominative plural)
hlanki (singular vocative)
hlankīz (plural vocative)
hlankį (accusative singular)
hlankinz (accusative plural)
hlankīz (genitive singular)
hlankijǫ̂ (genitive plural)
hlankī (dative singular)
hlankimaz (dative plural)
hlankī (instrumental singular)
hlankimiz (instrumental plural)

desctree

Old English: hlenċe f
Middle English: linke, lenke (merged with Old Norse *hlenkr, hlekkr)
English: link (see there for further descendants)
Scots: link

Old Saxon: *hlenki

Middle Low German: lenke (likely borrowed)

German Low German: Lenk

Old High German: *lenka

Middle High German: lenke

Old Norse: hlekkr, *hlenkr
Icelandic: hlekkur
Norwegian Nynorsk: lenkje f
Elfdalian: lekk
Old Swedish: lænker
Swedish: länk
→ Finnish: lenkki
Danish: lænke
Norwegian Bokmål: lenke


staþulaz

staþulaz (nominative singular)
staþulōz (nominative plural)
staþulōs (nominative plural)
staþul (singular vocative)
staþulōz (plural vocative)
staþulōs (plural vocative)
staþulą (accusative singular)
staþulanz (accusative plural)
staþulas (genitive singular)
staþulis (genitive singular)
staþulǫ̂ (genitive plural)
staþulai (dative singular)
staþulamaz (dative plural)
staþulō (instrumental singular)
staþulamiz (instrumental plural)

Proto-West Germanic: *staþul
Old English: staþul, staþol
Middle English: stathel
Scots: stathel, stassel
English: staddle
Old Frisian: stathul, stāl
Saterland Frisian: Staal
West Frisian: steal
Old Saxon: stathal
Middle Low German: stadel, stāle
Old Dutch: *stathal
Middle Dutch: stādel
Dutch: staal
Old High German: stadal
Middle High German: stadel
German: Stadel

Old Norse: stǫðull

Icelandic: stöðull

From Proto-Indo-European *sth₂-, from *steh₂- (“to stand”).