garaidijaz

garaidijaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
garaidijai (masculine nominative plural strong)
garaidijō (feminine nominative singular strong)
garaidijôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
garaidiją (neuter nominative singular strong)
-at (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
garaidijō (neuter nominative plural strong)
garaidijanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
garaidijanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
garaidijǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
garaidijōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
garaidiją (accusative neuter singular strong)
-at (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
garaidijō (accusative neuter plural strong)
garaidijas (genitive masculine singular strong)
garaidīs (genitive masculine singular strong)
garaidijaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
garaidijaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
garaidijaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
garaidijas (genitive neuter singular strong)
garaidīs (genitive neuter singular strong)
garaidijaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
garaidijammai (dative masculine singular strong)
garaidijaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
garaidijaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
garaidijaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
garaidijammai (dative neuter singular strong)
garaidijaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
garaidijanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
garaidijaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
garaidijaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
garaidijaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
garaidijanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
garaidijaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
garaidijô (masculine nominative singular weak)
garaidijaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
garaidijǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
garaidijōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
garaidijô (neuter nominative singular weak)
garaidijōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
garaidijanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
garaidijanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
garaidijōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
garaidijōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
garaidijô (accusative neuter singular weak)
garaidijōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
garaidīniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
garaidijanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
garaidijōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
garaidijōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
garaidīniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
garaidijanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
garaidīni (dative masculine singular weak)
garaidijammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
garaidijōni (dative feminine singular weak)
garaidijōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
garaidīni (dative neuter singular weak)
garaidijammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
garaidīnē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
garaidijammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
garaidijōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
garaidijōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
garaidīnē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
garaidijammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)


raukijaną

raukijō (active first-person indicative singular)
raukijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
raukijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
raukīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
raukijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
raukī (active imperative second-person singular)
raukijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
raukijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
raukīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
raukijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
raukijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
raukijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
raukijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
raukijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
raukijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
raukijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
raukijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
raukijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
raukijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
raukijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
raukijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
raukijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
raukīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
raukijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
raukīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
raukijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
raukijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
raukijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
raukijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
raukijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
raukijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
raukijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
raukidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
raukidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
raukidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
raukidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
raukidē (active indicative singular third-person)
raukidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
raukidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
raukidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
raukidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
raukidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
raukidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
raukidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
raukidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
raukidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
raukidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
raukidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
raukijandz (active participle present)
raukidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *raukijan
Old English: rīeċan
Old Frisian: rēka, rētza
West Frisian: rikje
Old Saxon: *rōkian
Middle Low German: rôken, rö̂ken
German Low German: roken, röken
→ Saterland Frisian: rookje
Old Dutch: rōken
Middle Dutch: rôken
Dutch: roken
Limburgish: rouke, ruike
Old High German: rouhhen
Middle High German: rouchen, röuchen
German: rauchen, (obsolete) räuchen
Luxembourgish: raachen
⇒ Middle High German: röuchern (15th c.)
German: räuchern
Luxembourgish: reecheren
Yiddish: רײכערן (reykhern)

Old Norse: reykja

Icelandic: reykja

desc

Norwegian Nynorsk: røykja, røykje, røyka, røyke

Norwegian Bokmål: røyke, røke

Swedish: röka

Danish: røge


lustōną

lustō (active first-person indicative singular)
lustǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
lustōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
lustōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
lustōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
lustō (active imperative second-person singular)
lustōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
lustōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
lustōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
lustō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
lustōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
lustōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
lustōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
lustōs (active dual first-person indicative)
lustōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
lustōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
lustōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
lustōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
lustōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
lustōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
lustōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
lustōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
lustōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
lustōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
lustōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
lustōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
lustōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
lustōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
lustōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
lustōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
lustōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
lustōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
lustōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
lustōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
lustōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
lustōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
lustōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
lustōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
lustōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
lustōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
lustōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
lustōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
lustōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
lustōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
lustōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
lustōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
lustōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
lustōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
lustōndz (active participle present)
lustōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *lustōn
Old English: *lustian
Middle English: lusten
English: lust
Scots: lust
Old Frisian: *lustia
Saterland Frisian: lustje
Old Saxon: *lustōn
>? Middle Low German: lusten
Old Dutch: *luston
>? Middle Dutch: lusten
Dutch: lusten
Old High German: lustōn
Middle High German: lusten
German: lusten

⇒ Proto-West Germanic: *galustōn
Old English: ġelustian
Middle English: lusten (merged with Old English *lustian)
English: lust
Scots: lust
Old Frisian: *gelustia
Saterland Frisian: gelustje
Old Dutch: *giluston
>? Middle Dutch: gelusten
Old High German: *gilustōn
>? Middle High German: gelusten, glusten
German: gelusten

Old Norse: *lusta

Old Swedish: lusta

Swedish: lusta

Gothic: 𐌻𐌿𐍃𐍄𐍉𐌽 (lustōn)


lustijaną

lustijō (active first-person indicative singular)
lustijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
lustijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
lustīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
lustijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
lustī (active imperative second-person singular)
lustijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
lustijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
lustīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
lustijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
lustijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
lustijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
lustijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
lustijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
lustijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
lustijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
lustijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
lustijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
lustijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
lustijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
lustijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
lustijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
lustīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
lustijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
lustīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
lustijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
lustijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
lustijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
lustijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
lustijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
lustijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
lustijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
lustidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
lustidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
lustidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
lustidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
lustidē (active indicative singular third-person)
lustidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
lustidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
lustidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
lustidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
lustidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
lustidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
lustidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
lustidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
lustidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
lustidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
lustidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
lustijandz (active participle present)
lustidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *lustijan
Old English: lystan
Middle English: listen, lysten, lesten
English: list
Scots: list
Old Frisian: *lesta
Saterland Frisian: läste
West Frisian: lêste
Old Saxon: lustian
Middle Low German: lüsten
German Low German: lüsten
Old Dutch: lusten
Middle Dutch: lusten
Dutch: lusten
Old High German: lusten
Middle High German: lusten, lüsten
German: lüsten

⇒ Proto-West Germanic: *galustijan
Old English: ġelystan
Middle English: listen, lysten, lesten (merged with Old English lystan)
English: list
Scots: list
Old Saxon: gilustian
Middle Low German: gelüsten
Old Dutch: *gilusten
Middle Dutch: gelusten
Dutch: gelusten
Old High German: gilusten
Middle High German: gelusten, gelüsten, glusten
German: gelüsten
⇒ Old High German: giluste
Middle High German: gelüste
Cimbrian: galüst
German: Gelüste, Gelüst

>? Old Norse: lysta (borrowed from Low German ?)

Icelandic: lysta

Faroese: lysta

Norwegian Bokmål: lyste

Norwegian Nynorsk: lysta

Old Swedish: lysta

Swedish: lysta

Danish: lyste


maltijaną

maltijō (active first-person indicative singular)
maltijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
maltijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
maltīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
maltijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
maltī (active imperative second-person singular)
maltijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
maltijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
maltīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
maltijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
maltijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
maltijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
maltijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
maltijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
maltijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
maltijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
maltijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
maltijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
maltijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
maltijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
maltijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
maltijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
maltīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
maltijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
maltīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
maltijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
maltijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
maltijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
maltijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
maltijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
maltijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
maltijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
maltidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
maltidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
maltidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
maltidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
maltidē (active indicative singular third-person)
maltidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
maltidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
maltidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
maltidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
maltidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
maltidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
maltidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
maltidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
maltidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
maltidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
maltidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
maltijandz (active participle present)
maltidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *maltijan
Old English: mieltan

Old Norse: melta

Faroese: melta

Icelandic: melta

desc

⇒ Gothic: *𐌲𐌰𐌼𐌰𐌻𐍄𐌾𐌰𐌽 (*gamaltjan), 𐌲𐌰𐌼𐌰𐌻𐍄𐌴𐌹𐌽𐍃 (gamalteins)


maltijaną

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *maltijan
Old Saxon: *meltian
Middle Low German: melten
⇒ Old Saxon: gimeltian
Old Dutch: *melten
Middle Dutch: melten
Old High German: *melzen
Middle High German: melzen
German: mälzen

Old Norse: melta

Icelandic: melta


daubijaną

daubijō (active first-person indicative singular)
daubijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
daubijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
daubīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
daubijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
daubī (active imperative second-person singular)
daubijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
daubijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
daubīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
daubijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
daubijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
daubijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
daubijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
daubijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
daubijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
daubijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
daubijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
daubijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
daubijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
daubijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
daubijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
daubijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
daubīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
daubijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
daubīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
daubijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
daubijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
daubijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
daubijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
daubijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
daubijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
daubijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
daubidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
daubidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
daubidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
daubidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
daubidē (active indicative singular third-person)
daubidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
daubidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
daubidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
daubidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
daubidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
daubidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
daubidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
daubidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
daubidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
daubidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
daubidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
daubijandz (active participle present)
daubidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *daubijan
Old English: dīefan
Middle English: dēven
Scots: deave
Old Saxon: *dōfian
Middle Low German: dȫven
Old Dutch: *dōven
Middle Dutch: dôven
Dutch: doven
→ West Frisian: dôvje, doovje, dove
Old High German: *touben
Middle High German: töuben
German: täuben
⇒ Old High German: gitouben

Old Norse: deyfa

Icelandic: deyfa

Norwegian Nynorsk: døyva

Swedish: döva, bedöva

Gothic: *𐌳𐌰𐌿𐌱𐌾𐌰𐌽 (*daubjan)

⇒ Gothic: 𐌲𐌰𐌳𐌰𐌿𐌱𐌾𐌰𐌽 (gadaubjan)


daubijaną

Proto-West Germanic: *daubijan
Old English: *dīefan
⇒ Old English: adīefan
Old Saxon: *dōbian
⇒ Old Saxon: bidōbian

Old Norse: deyfa

Icelandic: deyfa

From *dūbaną (“to dive, sink”) + *-janą.


kōlijaną

kōlijō (active first-person indicative singular)
kōlijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
kōlijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
kōlīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
kōlijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
kōlī (active imperative second-person singular)
kōlijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
kōlijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
kōlīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
kōlijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
kōlijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
kōlijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
kōlijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
kōlijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
kōlijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
kōlijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
kōlijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
kōlijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
kōlijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
kōlijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
kōlijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
kōlijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
kōlīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
kōlijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
kōlīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
kōlijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
kōlijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
kōlijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
kōlijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
kōlijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
kōlijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
kōlijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
kōlidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
kōlidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
kōlidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
kōlidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
kōlidē (active indicative singular third-person)
kōlidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
kōlidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
kōlidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
kōlidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
kōlidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
kōlidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
kōlidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
kōlidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
kōlidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
kōlidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
kōlidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
kōlijandz (active participle present)
kōlidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *kōlijan
Old English: cœ̄lan, cēlan, ċēlan
Middle English: kelen, chelen
English: keel
Scots: kele, keyle
Old Frisian: kēla
Saterland Frisian: käile, köile
Old Saxon: *kōlian
Middle Low German: kö̂len, koilen, kůlen
German Low German: köhlen
Old Dutch: *cuolen
Middle Dutch: coelen
Dutch: koelen
Afrikaans: koel
Limburgish: keule
Old High German: kuolen
Middle High German: küelen
Alemannic German: chüele
Bavarian: kuin, kühn
Central Franconian: köhle, kehle, kiehle
Luxembourgish: killen
German: kühlen

Old Norse: kœla, kǿla

Danish: køle

Faroese: køla

Icelandic: kæla

Norwegian: kjøle

Swedish: kyla

From *kōlaz (“cool”) + *-janą, or possibly a causative formation equivalent to *kalaną (“to be cold, to freeze”) + *-janą.


wōdijaną

wōdijō (active first-person indicative singular)
wōdijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
wōdijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
wōdīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
wōdijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
wōdī (active imperative second-person singular)
wōdijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
wōdijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
wōdīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
wōdijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
wōdijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
wōdijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
wōdijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
wōdijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
wōdijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
wōdijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
wōdijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
wōdijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
wōdijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
wōdijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
wōdijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
wōdijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
wōdīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
wōdijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
wōdīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
wōdijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
wōdijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
wōdijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
wōdijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
wōdijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
wōdijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
wōdijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
wōdidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
wōdidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
wōdidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
wōdidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
wōdidē (active indicative singular third-person)
wōdidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
wōdidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
wōdidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
wōdidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
wōdidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
wōdidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
wōdidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
wōdidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
wōdidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
wōdidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
wōdidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
wōdijandz (active participle present)
wōdidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *wōdijan
Old English: wēdan
Old Saxon: wōdian
Old Dutch: *wuoden
Middle Dutch: woeden
Dutch: woeden
Afrikaans: woed
Old High German: wuoten
Middle High German: wüeten
German: wüten

Old Norse: ǿða

Icelandic: æða

Faroese: øða


delganą

delgō (active first-person indicative singular)
delgaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
delgai (first-person indicative passive singular)
dilgizi (active indicative second-person singular)
delgaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
delg (active imperative second-person singular)
delgazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
delgaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
dilgidi (active indicative singular third-person)
delgai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
delgadau (active imperative singular third-person)
delgadai (indicative passive singular third-person)
delgaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
delgōz (active dual first-person indicative)
delgaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
delgadiz (active dual indicative second-person)
delgaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
delgadiz (active dual imperative second-person)
delgamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
delgaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
delgandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
delgaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
dilgid (active indicative plural second-person)
delgaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
dilgid (active imperative plural second-person)
delgandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
delgaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
delgandi (active indicative plural third-person)
delgain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
delgandau (active imperative plural third-person)
delgandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
delgaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
dalg (active first-person indicative singular)
dulgį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
dalht (active indicative second-person singular)
dulgīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
dalg (active indicative singular third-person)
dulgī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
dulgū (active dual first-person indicative)
dulgīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
dulgudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
dulgīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
dulgum (active first-person indicative plural)
dulgīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
dulgud (active indicative plural second-person)
dulgīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
dulgun (active indicative plural third-person)
dulgīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
delgandz (active participle present)
dulganaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Old Frisian: delga (occurs once)

Middle High German: telken (occurs once)

From the same source as *dulgą (“fight, injury”).


skardijaną

skardijō (active first-person indicative singular)
skardijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
skardijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
skardīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
skardijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
skardī (active imperative second-person singular)
skardijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
skardijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
skardīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
skardijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
skardijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
skardijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
skardijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
skardijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
skardijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
skardijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
skardijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
skardijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
skardijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
skardijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
skardijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
skardijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
skardīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
skardijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
skardīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
skardijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
skardijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
skardijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
skardijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
skardijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
skardijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
skardijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
skardidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
skardidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
skardidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
skardidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
skardidē (active indicative singular third-person)
skardidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
skardidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
skardidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
skardidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
skardidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
skardidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
skardidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
skardidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
skardidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
skardidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
skardidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
skardijandz (active participle present)
skardidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *skardijan
Old English: sċierdan
>? Old Dutch: *skerden
>? Middle Dutch: scherden (meaning 'to decide')
Old High German: skerten
Middle High German: scherten

Old Norse: skerða

Icelandic: skerða

→ Proto-Finnic: *karcidak (see there for further descendants)

From *skardaz (“cut up, damaged”) + *-janą.


slihtijaną

slihtijō (active first-person indicative singular)
slihtijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
slihtijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
slihtīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
slihtijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
slihtī (active imperative second-person singular)
slihtijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
slihtijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
slihtīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
slihtijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
slihtijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
slihtijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
slihtijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
slihtijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
slihtijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
slihtijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
slihtijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
slihtijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
slihtijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
slihtijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
slihtijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
slihtijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
slihtīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
slihtijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
slihtīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
slihtijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
slihtijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
slihtijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
slihtijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
slihtijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
slihtijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
slihtijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
slihtidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
slihtidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
slihtidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
slihtidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
slihtidē (active indicative singular third-person)
slihtidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
slihtidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
slihtidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
slihtidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
slihtidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
slihtidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
slihtidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
slihtidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
slihtidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
slihtidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
slihtidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
slihtijandz (active participle present)
slihtidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *slihtijan
Old Saxon: slihtian
Middle Low German: slichten, slechten
Old Dutch: slihten
Middle Dutch: slechten
Dutch: slechten
Old High German: slihten
Middle High German: slihten
German: schlichten

Old Norse: slétta

Norwegian:

Norwegian Bokmål: slette

Norwegian Nynorsk: sletta

Swedish: släta

Danish: slette


slaupijaną

slaupijō (active first-person indicative singular)
slaupijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
slaupijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
slaupīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
slaupijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
slaupī (active imperative second-person singular)
slaupijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
slaupijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
slaupīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
slaupijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
slaupijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
slaupijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
slaupijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
slaupijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
slaupijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
slaupijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
slaupijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
slaupijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
slaupijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
slaupijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
slaupijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
slaupijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
slaupīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
slaupijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
slaupīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
slaupijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
slaupijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
slaupijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
slaupijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
slaupijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
slaupijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
slaupijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
slaupidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
slaupidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
slaupidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
slaupidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
slaupidē (active indicative singular third-person)
slaupidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
slaupidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
slaupidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
slaupidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
slaupidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
slaupidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
slaupidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
slaupidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
slaupidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
slaupidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
slaupidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
slaupijandz (active participle present)
slaupidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *slaupijan

Old English: slīepan, slīpan

Old Frisian: slēpa

Old Saxon: slōpian

Old Dutch: *slōpen

Middle Dutch: slôpen

Dutch: slopen

Afrikaans: sloop

Old High German: sloufen

Middle High German: sloufen

German: schlaufen

Gothic: *𐍃𐌻𐌰𐌿𐍀𐌾𐌰𐌽 (*slaupjan)

⇒ Gothic: 𐌰𐍆𐍃𐌻𐌰𐌿𐍀𐌾𐌰𐌽 (afslaupjan)

From *sleupaną (“to sneak, slip”) + *-janą.


grōnijaną

grōnijō (active first-person indicative singular)
grōnijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
grōnijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
grōnīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
grōnijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
grōnī (active imperative second-person singular)
grōnijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
grōnijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
grōnīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
grōnijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
grōnijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
grōnijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
grōnijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
grōnijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
grōnijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
grōnijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
grōnijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
grōnijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
grōnijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
grōnijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
grōnijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
grōnijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
grōnīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
grōnijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
grōnīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
grōnijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
grōnijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
grōnijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
grōnijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
grōnijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
grōnijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
grōnijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
grōnidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
grōnidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
grōnidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
grōnidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
grōnidē (active indicative singular third-person)
grōnidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
grōnidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
grōnidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
grōnidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
grōnidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
grōnidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
grōnidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
grōnidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
grōnidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
grōnidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
grōnidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
grōnijandz (active participle present)
grōnidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *grōnijan
Old Saxon: *grōnian
Middle Low German: grönen
German Low German: grönen
Old Dutch: gruonen
Middle Dutch: groenen
Dutch: groenen
Old High German: gruonen
Middle High German: grüenen
German: grünen

Old Norse: grœna

Icelandic: græna

Swedish: gröna


slangwijaną

slangwijō (active first-person indicative singular)
slangwijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
slangwijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
slangwīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
slangwijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
slangwī (active imperative second-person singular)
slangwijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
slangwijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
slangwīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
slangwijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
slangwijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
slangwijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
slangwijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
slangwijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
slangwijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
slangwijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
slangwijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
slangwijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
slangwijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
slangwijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
slangwijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
slangwijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
slangwīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
slangwijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
slangwīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
slangwijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
slangwijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
slangwijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
slangwijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
slangwijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
slangwijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
slangwijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
slangwidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
slangwidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
slangwidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
slangwidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
slangwidē (active indicative singular third-person)
slangwidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
slangwidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
slangwidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
slangwidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
slangwidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
slangwidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
slangwidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
slangwidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
slangwidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
slangwidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
slangwidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
slangwijandz (active participle present)
slangwidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *slangwijan
Old Saxon: *slengian
Middle Low German: slengen
Old High German: slengen
⇒ Middle High German: umbeslengen

Old Norse: sløngva

Icelandic: slengja

Norwegian:

Norwegian Bokmål: slenge

Norwegian Nynorsk: slengja, slenga

From *slingwaną (“to sling, wind”) + *-janą.


slingwaną

slingwō (active first-person indicative singular)
slingwaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
slingwai (first-person indicative passive singular)
slingwizi (active indicative second-person singular)
slingwaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
slingw (active imperative second-person singular)
slingwazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
slingwaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
slingwidi (active indicative singular third-person)
slingwai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
slingwadau (active imperative singular third-person)
slingwadai (indicative passive singular third-person)
slingwaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
slingwōz (active dual first-person indicative)
slingwaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
slingwadiz (active dual indicative second-person)
slingwaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
slingwadiz (active dual imperative second-person)
slingwamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
slingwaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
slingwandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
slingwaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
slingwid (active indicative plural second-person)
slingwaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
slingwid (active imperative plural second-person)
slingwandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
slingwaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
slingwandi (active indicative plural third-person)
slingwain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
slingwandau (active imperative plural third-person)
slingwandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
slingwaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
slangw (active first-person indicative singular)
slungį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
slanht (active indicative second-person singular)
slungīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
slangw (active indicative singular third-person)
slungī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
slungū (active dual first-person indicative)
slungīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
slungudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
slungīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
slungum (active first-person indicative plural)
slungīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
slungud (active indicative plural second-person)
slungīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
slungun (active indicative plural third-person)
slungīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
slingwandz (active participle present)
slunganaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *slingwan
Old English: slingan
Middle English: slyngen
English: sling
Old Saxon: slingan
Middle Low German: slingen
Low German: slingen
Old Dutch: *slingan
Middle Dutch: slingen
Dutch: slingen
⇒ Middle Dutch: slingeren
Dutch: slingeren
Old High German: slingan
Middle High German: slingen
German: schlingen

Old Norse: slyngva, slyngja

Icelandic: slyngva, slyngja

Norwegian:

Norwegian Bokmål: slynge

Norwegian Nynorsk: slynga

Danish: slynge

→ Proto-Finnic: *linko (see there for further descendants)

/ˈsliŋʷ.ɡʷɑ.nɑ̃/

Possibly related to *slinkaną (“to creep, crawl, slink”).


sturmijaną

sturmijō (active first-person indicative singular)
sturmijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
sturmijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
sturmīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
sturmijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
sturmī (active imperative second-person singular)
sturmijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
sturmijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
sturmīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
sturmijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
sturmijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
sturmijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
sturmijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
sturmijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
sturmijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
sturmijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
sturmijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
sturmijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
sturmijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
sturmijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
sturmijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
sturmijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
sturmīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
sturmijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
sturmīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
sturmijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
sturmijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
sturmijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
sturmijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
sturmijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
sturmijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
sturmijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
sturmidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
sturmidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
sturmidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
sturmidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
sturmidē (active indicative singular third-person)
sturmidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
sturmidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
sturmidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
sturmidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
sturmidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
sturmidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
sturmidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
sturmidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
sturmidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
sturmidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
sturmidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
sturmijandz (active participle present)
sturmidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *sturmijan
Old English: styrman
Old High German: sturmen
Middle High German: stürmen
German: stürmen

Old Norse: styrma

Icelandic: styrma


swaitijaną

swaitijō (active first-person indicative singular)
swaitijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
swaitijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
swaitīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
swaitijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
swaitī (active imperative second-person singular)
swaitijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
swaitijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
swaitīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
swaitijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
swaitijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
swaitijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
swaitijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
swaitijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
swaitijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
swaitijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
swaitijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
swaitijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
swaitijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
swaitijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
swaitijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
swaitijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
swaitīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
swaitijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
swaitīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
swaitijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
swaitijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
swaitijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
swaitijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
swaitijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
swaitijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
swaitijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
swaitidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
swaitidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
swaitidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
swaitidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
swaitidē (active indicative singular third-person)
swaitidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
swaitidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
swaitidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
swaitidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
swaitidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
swaitidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
swaitidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
swaitidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
swaitidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
swaitidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
swaitidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
swaitijandz (active participle present)
swaitidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *swaitijan
Old English: swǣtan
Middle English: sweten, sweaten, swheten
English: sweat
Scots: sweet, swate, sweit, swite
Old Saxon: *swētian
Middle Low German: swêten
Old Dutch: *swēten
Middle Dutch: swêten
Dutch: zweten
Old High German: sweizen
Middle High German: sweizen
German: schweißen

q

only attested as reflexive <i class="Latn mention" lang="non">sveitask</i>

Old Norse: sveita (only attested as reflexive sveitask)

Icelandic: sveita

Faroese: sveitta

Norwegian:

Norwegian Bokmål: svette

Norwegian Nynorsk: sveitta, sveitte

Swedish: svettas

Danish: svede


straupijaną

straupijō (active first-person indicative singular)
straupijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
straupijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
straupīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
straupijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
straupī (active imperative second-person singular)
straupijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
straupijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
straupīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
straupijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
straupijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
straupijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
straupijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
straupijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
straupijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
straupijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
straupijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
straupijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
straupijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
straupijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
straupijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
straupijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
straupīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
straupijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
straupīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
straupijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
straupijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
straupijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
straupijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
straupijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
straupijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
straupijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
straupidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
straupidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
straupidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
straupidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
straupidē (active indicative singular third-person)
straupidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
straupidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
straupidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
straupidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
straupidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
straupidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
straupidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
straupidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
straupidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
straupidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
straupidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
straupijandz (active participle present)
straupidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *straupijan

Old English: *strīepan

⇒ Old English: bestrīepan

Middle English: stripen

English: strip

→ Dutch: strippen

Old Saxon: *strōpian

Middle Low German: strôpen

Old Dutch: *strōpen

Middle Dutch: strôpen

Dutch: stropen

Afrikaans: stroop

Old High German: stroufen

Middle High German: ströufen

Old Norse: *streypa

Norwegian: strøypa

Swedish: strypa


skarjaną

skarjō (active first-person indicative singular)
skarjaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
skarjai (first-person indicative passive singular)
skarisi (active indicative second-person singular)
skarjais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
skari (active imperative second-person singular)
skarjasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
skarjaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
skariþi (active indicative singular third-person)
skarjai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
skarjaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
skarjaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
skarjaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
skarjōs (active dual first-person indicative)
skarjaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
skarjaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
skarjaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
skarjaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
skarjamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
skarjaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
skarjanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
skarjainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
skariþ (active indicative plural second-person)
skarjaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
skariþ (active imperative plural second-person)
skarjanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
skarjainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
skarjanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
skarjain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
skarjanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
skarjanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
skarjainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
skaridǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
skaridēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
skaridēz (active indicative second-person singular)
skaridēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
skaridē (active indicative singular third-person)
skaridēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
skaridēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
skaridēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
skaridēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
skaridēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
skaridēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
skaridēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
skaridēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
skaridēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
skaridēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
skaridēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
skarjandz (active participle present)
skaridaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *skarjan
Old English: sċirian, sċyrian
Old Saxon: skerian
Middle Low German: schēren
Old Dutch: *skerien
Middle Dutch: schēren
Dutch: scheren (obsolete)
Old High German: skerien
Middle High German: scheren

Gothic: *𐍃𐌺𐌰𐍂𐌾𐌰𐌽 (*skarjan)

⇒ Gothic: 𐌿𐍃𐍃𐌺𐌰𐍂𐌾𐌰𐌽 (usskarjan)

From *skeraną (“to shave, shear”) + *-janą.


laubō

laubō (nominative singular)
laubôz (nominative plural)
laubō (singular vocative)
laubôz (plural vocative)
laubǭ (accusative singular)
laubōz (accusative plural)
laubōz (genitive singular)
laubǫ̂ (genitive plural)
laubōi (dative singular)
laubōmaz (dative plural)
laubō (instrumental singular)
laubōmiz (instrumental plural)

Proto-West Germanic: *laubu
Old English: lēaf
Middle English: lefe, leve
Scots: leve, leiv
English: leave
Old Frisian: *lāve
Saterland Frisian: Loofe, Loouwe, Looche
West Frisian: leafe
Old Saxon: *lōva
Middle Low German: *lôve
German Low German: Loov
Old Dutch: *lōva
Middle Dutch: *lôve
Dutch: love
Old High German: *louba
Middle High German:
German: Laube

From Proto-Indo-European *lewbʰ- (“to desire, covet; praise, admire; love”). Related to *lubą (“praise”).


arbijaną

arbijō (active first-person indicative singular)
arbijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
arbijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
arbīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
arbijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
arbī (active imperative second-person singular)
arbijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
arbijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
arbīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
arbijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
arbijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
arbijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
arbijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
arbijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
arbijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
arbijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
arbijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
arbijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
arbijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
arbijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
arbijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
arbijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
arbīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
arbijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
arbīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
arbijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
arbijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
arbijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
arbijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
arbijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
arbijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
arbijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
arbidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
arbidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
arbidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
arbidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
arbidē (active indicative singular third-person)
arbidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
arbidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
arbidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
arbidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
arbidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
arbidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
arbidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
arbidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
arbidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
arbidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
arbidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
arbijandz (active participle present)
arbidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *arbijan

Old English: ierfan

Old Frisian: ervia

Old Saxon: ervan

⇒ Old Saxon: giervan

Old Dutch: *erven

Middle Dutch: erven

Dutch: erven

Afrikaans: erwe

Old High German: *erben

Middle High German: erben

German: erben

⇒ Old High German: irerben

Old Norse: erfa

Icelandic: erfa

Swedish: ärva

From *arbiją (“heritage, inheritance”) + *-janą.


drunjaną

drunjō (active first-person indicative singular)
drunjaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
drunjai (first-person indicative passive singular)
drunisi (active indicative second-person singular)
drunjais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
druni (active imperative second-person singular)
drunjasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
drunjaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
druniþi (active indicative singular third-person)
drunjai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
drunjaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
drunjaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
drunjaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
drunjōs (active dual first-person indicative)
drunjaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
drunjaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
drunjaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
drunjaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
drunjamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
drunjaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
drunjanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
drunjainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
druniþ (active indicative plural second-person)
drunjaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
druniþ (active imperative plural second-person)
drunjanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
drunjainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
drunjanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
drunjain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
drunjanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
drunjanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
drunjainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
drunidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
drunidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
drunidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
drunidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
drunidē (active indicative singular third-person)
drunidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
drunidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
drunidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
drunidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
drunidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
drunidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
drunidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
drunidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
drunidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
drunidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
drunidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
drunjandz (active participle present)
drunidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desc

Proto-West Germanic: *drunnjan, *drunjan (the lack of gemination is unexpected)

Old Saxon: *drunian

Middle Low German: drönen

Low German: drönen

→ German: dröhnen

Old Dutch: *drunen

Middle Dutch: druenen, drōnen

Dutch: dreunen

Afrikaans: dreun

Old Norse: drynja

Icelandic: drynja

Norwegian: drynja

Danish: drøne

From *drunjuz (“sound”) + *-janą.
Per Vasmer, perhaps ultimately from imitative Proto-Indo-European *dʰrēu- (“to drone”); see also Sanskrit ध्रणति (dhráṇati, “to sound”), Old Irish drésacht (“crackling, noise”), German trensen (“to make heavy sounds from the vocal cords”), Dutch drenzen (“to moan”), Ancient Greek θρῆνος (thrênos, “lamentation for the deceased”), English drone, Old Prussian droanse (“corncrake”), Gothic 𐌳𐍂𐌿𐌽𐌾𐌿𐍃 (drunjus, “sound”).

onomatopoeic

imitative


anstijaną

anstijō (active first-person indicative singular)
anstijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
anstijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
anstīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
anstijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
anstī (active imperative second-person singular)
anstijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
anstijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
anstīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
anstijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
anstijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
anstijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
anstijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
anstijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
anstijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
anstijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
anstijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
anstijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
anstijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
anstijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
anstijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
anstijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
anstīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
anstijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
anstīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
anstijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
anstijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
anstijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
anstijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
anstijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
anstijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
anstijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
anstidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
anstidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
anstidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
anstidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
anstidē (active indicative singular third-person)
anstidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
anstidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
anstidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
anstidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
anstidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
anstidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
anstidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
anstidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
anstidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
anstidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
anstidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
anstijandz (active participle present)
anstidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *anstijan
Old English: ēstan, œ̄stan
Old High German: *ensten
Middle High German: ensten

Old Norse: æsta

Icelandic: æsta

Old Swedish: æsta

From *anstiz (“favour, affection”) + *-janą.


buljaną

buljō (active first-person indicative singular)
buljaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
buljai (first-person indicative passive singular)
bulisi (active indicative second-person singular)
buljais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
buli (active imperative second-person singular)
buljasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
buljaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
buliþi (active indicative singular third-person)
buljai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
buljaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
buljaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
buljaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
buljōs (active dual first-person indicative)
buljaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
buljaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
buljaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
buljaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
buljamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
buljaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
buljanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
buljainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
buliþ (active indicative plural second-person)
buljaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
buliþ (active imperative plural second-person)
buljanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
buljainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
buljanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
buljain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
buljanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
buljanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
buljainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
bulidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
bulidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
bulidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
bulidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
bulidē (active indicative singular third-person)
bulidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
bulidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
bulidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
bulidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
bulidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
bulidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
bulidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
bulidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
bulidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
bulidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
bulidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
buljandz (active participle present)
bulidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *bulljan
Old Dutch: *bullen
Middle Dutch: bullen
Old High German: bullen
Middle High German: büllen

Old Norse: bylja

Icelandic: bylja

A zero-grade ye-present from the root of *bellaną (“to roar, ring”).


malwijaną

malwijō (active first-person indicative singular)
malwijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
malwijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
malwīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
malwijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
malwī (active imperative second-person singular)
malwijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
malwijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
malwīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
malwijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
malwijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
malwijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
malwijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
malwijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
malwijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
malwijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
malwijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
malwijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
malwijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
malwijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
malwijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
malwijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
malwīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
malwijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
malwīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
malwijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
malwijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
malwijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
malwijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
malwijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
malwijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
malwijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
malwidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
malwidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
malwidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
malwidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
malwidē (active indicative singular third-person)
malwidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
malwidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
malwidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
malwidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
malwidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
malwidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
malwidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
malwidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
malwidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
malwidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
malwidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
malwijandz (active participle present)
malwidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Old Norse: mølva

⇒ Gothic: 𐌲𐌰𐌼𐌰𐌻𐍅𐌾𐌰𐌽 (gamalwjan)

A causative verb related to *malaną. From Proto-Indo-European *melh₂- (“to beat; crush; grind”).


þurstijaną

þurstijō (active first-person indicative singular)
þurstijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
þurstijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
þurstīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
þurstijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
þurstī (active imperative second-person singular)
þurstijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
þurstijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
þurstīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
þurstijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
þurstijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
þurstijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
þurstijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
þurstijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
þurstijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
þurstijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
þurstijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
þurstijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
þurstijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
þurstijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
þurstijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
þurstijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
þurstīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
þurstijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
þurstīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
þurstijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
þurstijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
þurstijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
þurstijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
þurstijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
þurstijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
þurstijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
þurstidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
þurstidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
þurstidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
þurstidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
þurstidē (active indicative singular third-person)
þurstidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
þurstidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
þurstidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
þurstidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
þurstidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
þurstidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
þurstidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
þurstidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
þurstidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
þurstidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
þurstidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
þurstijandz (active participle present)
þurstidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *þurstijan
Old English: þyrstan
Middle English: thirsten
English: thirst
Old Frisian:
>? West Frisian: toarstje, toarstgje (a class 2 verb, possibly a new formation)
Old Saxon: thurstian
Middle Low German: dörsten
Old Dutch: thursten
Middle Dutch: dorsten
Dutch: dorsten
Old High German: dursten
Middle High German: dürsten
German: dürsten

Old Norse: þyrsta

Icelandic: þyrsta

Faroese: tysta

Norwegian:

desc

Norwegian Nynorsk: tyrsta, tyrste, tørsta, tørste

Norwegian Bokmål: tørste

Swedish: törsta

Danish: tørste

Gothic: 𐌸𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍃𐍄𐌾𐌰𐌽 (þaurstjan)

(impersonal, with accusative) to thirst, to be thirsty


bandwijaną

bandwijō (active first-person indicative singular)
bandwijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
bandwijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
bandwīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
bandwijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
bandwī (active imperative second-person singular)
bandwijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
bandwijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
bandwīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
bandwijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
bandwijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
bandwijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
bandwijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
bandwijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
bandwijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
bandwijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
bandwijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
bandwijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
bandwijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
bandwijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
bandwijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
bandwijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
bandwīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
bandwijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
bandwīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
bandwijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
bandwijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
bandwijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
bandwijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
bandwijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
bandwijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
bandwijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
bandwidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
bandwidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
bandwidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
bandwidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
bandwidē (active indicative singular third-person)
bandwidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
bandwidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
bandwidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
bandwidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
bandwidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
bandwidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
bandwidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
bandwidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
bandwidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
bandwidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
bandwidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
bandwijandz (active participle present)
bandwidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Old Norse: benda

Icelandic: benda

Gothic: 𐌱𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍅𐌾𐌰𐌽 (bandwjan)

From *bandwō (“sign”) + *-janą, related to *bannaną (“to summon, command, order”).


þunnijaną

þunnijō (active first-person indicative singular)
þunnijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
þunnijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
þunnīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
þunnijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
þunnī (active imperative second-person singular)
þunnijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
þunnijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
þunnīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
þunnijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
þunnijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
þunnijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
þunnijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
þunnijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
þunnijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
þunnijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
þunnijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
þunnijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
þunnijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
þunnijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
þunnijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
þunnijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
þunnīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
þunnijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
þunnīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
þunnijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
þunnijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
þunnijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
þunnijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
þunnijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
þunnijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
þunnijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
þunnidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
þunnidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
þunnidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
þunnidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
þunnidē (active indicative singular third-person)
þunnidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
þunnidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
þunnidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
þunnidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
þunnidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
þunnidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
þunnidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
þunnidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
þunnidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
þunnidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
þunnidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
þunnijandz (active participle present)
þunnidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *þunnijan
Old Saxon: *thunnen (could be from *þunnijōn instead)
Middle Low German: dünnen
Old Dutch: *thunnen (could be from *þunnijōn instead)
Middle Dutch: dunnen
Dutch: dunnen
Old High German: *dunnen
Middle High German: dünnen
German: dünnen
⇒ Old High German: gidunnen
⇒ Old High German: irdunnen

Old Norse: þynna

Icelandic: þynna

Faroese: tynna

Norwegian:

Norwegian Nynorsk: tynna, tynne

Norwegian Bokmål: tynne


þunhijaną

þunhijō (active first-person indicative singular)
þunhijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
þunhijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
þunhīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
þunhijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
þunhī (active imperative second-person singular)
þunhijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
þunhijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
þunhīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
þunhijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
þunhijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
þunhijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
þunhijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
þunhijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
þunhijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
þunhijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
þunhijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
þunhijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
þunhijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
þunhijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
þunhijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
þunhijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
þunhīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
þunhijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
þunhīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
þunhijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
þunhijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
þunhijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
þunhijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
þunhijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
þunhijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
þunhijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
þunhidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
þunhidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
þunhidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
þunhidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
þunhidē (active indicative singular third-person)
þunhidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
þunhidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
þunhidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
þunhidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
þunhidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
þunhidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
þunhidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
þunhidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
þunhidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
þunhidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
þunhidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
þunhijandz (active participle present)
þunhidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *þų̄hijan
Old English: þȳwan, þēowan, þēon, þīwan
Middle English: thewen
⇒ Old English: geþȳwan
Old Saxon: *thūwian
Middle Low German: dûwen, dü̂wen, döuwen
German Low German: duven
Old Dutch: *thūwen
Middle Dutch: duwen, douwen
Dutch: duwen, douwen
Old High German: diuhen, dūhen

Old Norse: þyggja

Faroese: tyggja

A zero-grade ye-present related to *þwinhaną (“to force, press”).


þurzijaną

þurzijō (active first-person indicative singular)
þurzijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
þurzijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
þurzīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
þurzijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
þurzī (active imperative second-person singular)
þurzijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
þurzijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
þurzīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
þurzijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
þurzijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
þurzijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
þurzijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
þurzijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
þurzijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
þurzijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
þurzijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
þurzijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
þurzijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
þurzijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
þurzijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
þurzijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
þurzīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
þurzijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
þurzīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
þurzijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
þurzijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
þurzijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
þurzijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
þurzijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
þurzijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
þurzijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
þurzidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
þurzidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
þurzidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
þurzidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
þurzidē (active indicative singular third-person)
þurzidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
þurzidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
þurzidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
þurzidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
þurzidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
þurzidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
þurzidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
þurzidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
þurzidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
þurzidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
þurzidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
þurzijandz (active participle present)
þurzidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *þurʀijan
Old English: þyrrian (only attested in the past participle þyrred)

Gothic: 𐌸𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍃𐌾𐌰𐌽 (þaursjan)

(impersonal, with accusative) to be thirsty


bōtijaną

bōtijō (active first-person indicative singular)
bōtijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
bōtijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
bōtīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
bōtijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
bōtī (active imperative second-person singular)
bōtijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
bōtijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
bōtīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
bōtijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
bōtijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
bōtijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
bōtijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
bōtijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
bōtijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
bōtijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
bōtijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
bōtijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
bōtijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
bōtijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
bōtijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
bōtijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
bōtīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
bōtijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
bōtīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
bōtijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
bōtijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
bōtijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
bōtijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
bōtijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
bōtijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
bōtijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
bōtidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
bōtidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
bōtidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
bōtidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
bōtidē (active indicative singular third-person)
bōtidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
bōtidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
bōtidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
bōtidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
bōtidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
bōtidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
bōtidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
bōtidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
bōtidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
bōtidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
bōtidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
bōtijandz (active participle present)
bōtidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *bōtijan
Old English: bētan, bœ̄tan
Middle English: beten, beete, bete, bett, betten, beytt, betenn, beote (Early Middle English)
English: beet (dialectal, obsolete)
Scots: bete, beit, beet, beat
Old Frisian: bēta
Old Saxon: bōtian
Middle Low German:
German Low German: böten
Old Dutch: buoten
Middle Dutch: boeten
Dutch: boeten
Old High German: buozen
Middle High German: büezen
German: büßen

Old Norse: bǿta, bœta, bꝍta
Icelandic: bæta
Faroese: bøta
Norwegian Nynorsk: bøta
Old Swedish: bøta
Swedish: böta
Danish: bøde
Norwegian Bokmål: bøte

Gothic: 𐌱𐍉𐍄𐌾𐌰𐌽 (bōtjan)

From *bōtō (“improvement, recompense”) + *-janą.


swōgijaną

swōgijō (active first-person indicative singular)
swōgijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
swōgijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
swōgīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
swōgijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
swōgī (active imperative second-person singular)
swōgijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
swōgijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
swōgīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
swōgijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
swōgijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
swōgijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
swōgijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
swōgijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
swōgijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
swōgijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
swōgijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
swōgijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
swōgijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
swōgijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
swōgijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
swōgijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
swōgīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
swōgijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
swōgīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
swōgijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
swōgijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
swōgijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
swōgijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
swōgijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
swōgijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
swōgijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
swōgidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
swōgidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
swōgidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
swōgidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
swōgidē (active indicative singular third-person)
swōgidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
swōgidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
swōgidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
swōgidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
swōgidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
swōgidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
swōgidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
swōgidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
swōgidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
swōgidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
swōgidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
swōgijandz (active participle present)
swōgidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *swōgijan

Old English: swēgan

Old Saxon: *swōgian

Middle Low German: *swȫgen

Low German: swögen

Gothic: *𐍃𐍅𐍉𐌲𐌾𐌰𐌽 (*swōgjan)

⇒ Gothic: 𐌲𐌰𐍃𐍅𐍉𐌲𐌾𐌰𐌽 (gaswōgjan)

⇒ Gothic: 𐌿𐍆𐍃𐍅𐍉𐌲𐌾𐌰𐌽 (ufswōgjan)

From *swōgiz (“noise, sound”) + *-janą, or *swōganą (“to sound, sigh”) + *-janą.


wraiþijaną

wraiþijō (active first-person indicative singular)
wraiþijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
wraiþijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
wraiþīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
wraiþijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
wraiþī (active imperative second-person singular)
wraiþijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
wraiþijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
wraiþīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
wraiþijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
wraiþijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
wraiþijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
wraiþijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
wraiþijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
wraiþijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
wraiþijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
wraiþijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
wraiþijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
wraiþijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
wraiþijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
wraiþijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
wraiþijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
wraiþīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
wraiþijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
wraiþīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
wraiþijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
wraiþijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
wraiþijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
wraiþijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
wraiþijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
wraiþijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
wraiþijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
wraiþidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
wraiþidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
wraiþidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
wraiþidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
wraiþidē (active indicative singular third-person)
wraiþidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
wraiþidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
wraiþidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
wraiþidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
wraiþidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
wraiþidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
wraiþidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
wraiþidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
wraiþidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
wraiþidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
wraiþidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
wraiþijandz (active participle present)
wraiþidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *wraiþijan
Old English: wrǣþan
Middle English: wrethen
Old Saxon: wrēthian
Middle Low German: wrêden, wreiden
Old Dutch: *wrēthen, *wreithen
Middle Dutch: wrêden
Old High German: reiden
Middle High German: reiden
German: reiden

Old Norse: reiða, vreiða

Icelandic: reiða

From *wraiþaz (“twisted, angry, cruel”) + *-janą.