hittijaną

hittijō (active first-person indicative singular)
hittijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
hittijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
hittīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
hittijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
hittī (active imperative second-person singular)
hittijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
hittijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
hittīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
hittijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
hittijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
hittijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
hittijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
hittijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
hittijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
hittijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
hittijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
hittijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
hittijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
hittijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
hittijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
hittijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
hittīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
hittijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
hittīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
hittijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
hittijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
hittijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
hittijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
hittijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
hittijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
hittijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
hittidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
hittidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
hittidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
hittidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
hittidē (active indicative singular third-person)
hittidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
hittidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
hittidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
hittidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
hittidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
hittidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
hittidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
hittidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
hittidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
hittidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
hittidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
hittijandz (active participle present)
hittidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *hittijan
Old English: hittan (possibly from Old Norse instead)
Middle English: hitten
English: hit
Scots: hit
Old Dutch: *hitten
Middle Dutch: hitten

Old Norse: hitta

Icelandic: hitta

Faroese: hitta

Norwegian Nynorsk: hitta

Norwegian Bokmål: hitte

Swedish: hitta

Danish: hitte

From Proto-Indo-European *kh₂eyd- (“to fall upon; encounter; hit; cut; hew”).

der

To encounter; meet with; make contact; hit


dragjō

dragjō (nominative singular)
dragjôz (nominative plural)
dragjō (singular vocative)
dragjôz (plural vocative)
dragjǭ (accusative singular)
dragjōz (accusative plural)
dragjōz (genitive singular)
dragjǫ̂ (genitive plural)
dragjōi (dative singular)
dragjōmaz (dative plural)
dragjō (instrumental singular)
dragjōmiz (instrumental plural)

Old Norse: dregg

Icelandic: dregg

Swedish: drägg

→ Middle English: dregges (plural)

English: dregs

desc

→? Proto-Finnic: *rahka (“quark, curds”) (see there for further descendants)

From Proto-Indo-European *dʰragʰ-yeh₂, from *dʰrā́ks.


ganhāną

ganhō (active first-person indicative singular)
ganhaisi (active indicative second-person singular)
ganhai (active imperative second-person singular)
ganhāsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
ganhaiþi (active indicative singular third-person)
ganhāþau (active imperative singular third-person)
ganhāþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
ganhōs (active dual first-person indicative)
ganhāþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
ganhāþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
ganhāmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
ganhānþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
ganhaiþ (active indicative plural second-person)
ganhaiþ (active imperative plural second-person)
ganhānþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
ganhānþi (active indicative plural third-person)
ganhānþau (active imperative plural third-person)
ganhānþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
ganhadǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
ganhadēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
ganhadēz (active indicative second-person singular)
ganhadēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
ganhadē (active indicative singular third-person)
ganhadēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
ganhadēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
ganhadēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
ganhadēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
ganhadēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
ganhadēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
ganhadēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
ganhadēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
ganhadēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
ganhadēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
ganhadēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
ganhāndz (active participle present)
ganhadaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Old Norse: gá

Icelandic: gá

Faroese: gáa

Elfdalian: gą̊

/ˈɣɑ̃ː.xɑː.nɑ̃/

(North Germanic) to inspect; to take into account


ganhatjaną

ganhatjō (active first-person indicative singular)
ganhatjaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
ganhatjai (first-person indicative passive singular)
ganhatisi (active indicative second-person singular)
ganhatjais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
ganhati (active imperative second-person singular)
ganhatjasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
ganhatjaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
ganhatiþi (active indicative singular third-person)
ganhatjai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
ganhatjaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
ganhatjaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
ganhatjaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
ganhatjōs (active dual first-person indicative)
ganhatjaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
ganhatjaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
ganhatjaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
ganhatjaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
ganhatjamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
ganhatjaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
ganhatjanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
ganhatjainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
ganhatiþ (active indicative plural second-person)
ganhatjaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
ganhatiþ (active imperative plural second-person)
ganhatjanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
ganhatjainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
ganhatjanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
ganhatjain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
ganhatjanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
ganhatjanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
ganhatjainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
ganhastǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
ganhastēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
ganhastēz (active indicative second-person singular)
ganhastēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
ganhastē (active indicative singular third-person)
ganhastēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
ganhastēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
ganhastēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
ganhastēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
ganhastēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
ganhastēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
ganhastēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
ganhastēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
ganhastēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
ganhastēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
ganhastēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
ganhatjandz (active participle present)
ganhatidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Old Norse: gæta
Icelandic: gæta
Faroese: gæta
Norwegian: gjeta, gjete
Dalecarlian: gäta (pret. gätäd)
Elfdalian: &ᚬT (gę’tt, supine), inf. gęta
Old Swedish: gǣta
Swedish: gäta

/ˈɣɑ̃ː.xɑt.jɑ.nɑ̃/

(North Germanic) to watch, tend, take care of


trahnuz

trahnuz (nominative singular)
trahniwiz (nominative plural)
trahnu (singular vocative)
trahniwiz (plural vocative)
trahnų (accusative singular)
trahnunz (accusative plural)
trahnauz (genitive singular)
trahniwǫ̂ (genitive plural)
trahniwi (dative singular)
trahnumaz (dative plural)
trahnū (instrumental singular)
trahnumiz (instrumental plural)

Old Frisian: *trān, *trēn

Saterland Frisian: Troone

West Frisian: trien

Old Saxon: trahn; trahni (pl)

Middle Low German: trān, trāne

German Low German: Traan

→ German: Tran (“fish oil”)

Old Dutch: trān

Middle Dutch: trâen

Dutch: traan

→ West Frisian: traan

Limburgish: traon

Old High German: trahan, trān

Middle High German: trahen, trān, trōn; træne (pl); trahær, traher, treher

Central Franconian: Tron

German: Träne

From Proto-Indo-European *draḱru-, a variant of Proto-Indo-European *dáḱru- (“tear”).


barmaz

barmaz (nominative singular)
barmōz (nominative plural)
barmōs (nominative plural)
barm (singular vocative)
barmōz (plural vocative)
barmōs (plural vocative)
barmą (accusative singular)
barmanz (accusative plural)
barmas (genitive singular)
barmis (genitive singular)
barmǫ̂ (genitive plural)
barmai (dative singular)
barmamaz (dative plural)
barmō (instrumental singular)
barmamiz (instrumental plural)

Proto-West Germanic: *barm
Old English: bearm
Middle English: barm, barme, bearm, berm, berme
English: barm
Scots: berme, berm, barm
Old Frisian: *barm
⇒ Old Frisian: barmbracco
Old Saxon: barm
Middle Low German: barme
Old High German: barm
Middle High German: barm, barn, parm
German: Barm

Old Norse: baðmr m, barmr m

Icelandic: baðmur m, barmur m

Faroese: barmur m

Norwegian Bokmål: barm m

Norwegian Nynorsk: barm m

Swedish: barm c

Danish: barm c

Gothic: 𐌱𐌰𐍂𐌼𐍃 m (barms) (< *barmiz)

→ Proto-Finnic: *parmas (see there for further descendants)

From Proto-Indo-European *bʰór-mo-s, from *bʰer- (“to bear”) + *-mos. Cognate with Ancient Greek φορμός (phormós, “basket for carrying”).


barmaz

Proto-West Germanic: *barm

Old Frisian: *barm, *berm

West Frisian: barm, berm

Old Saxon: *barm

Middle Low German: barm, berme

German Low German: Berme

→ German: Berme

Old Dutch: *barm

Middle Dutch: barm, barem, baerm

Dutch: berm

→ French: berme

→ English: berm

Old Norse: barmr

Icelandic: barmur

Faroese: barmur

Norwegian Bokmål: barm

Swedish: barm

Danish: barm

Origin uncertain. Perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *bʰern- (“to project”).

unk

Origin uncertain


regnadrupô

regnadrupô (nominative singular)
regnadrupaniz (nominative plural)
regnadrupô (singular vocative)
regnadrupaniz (plural vocative)
regnadrupanų (accusative singular)
regnadrupanunz (accusative plural)
regnadrupiniz (genitive singular)
regnadrupanǫ̂ (genitive plural)
regnadrupini (dative singular)
regnadrupammaz (dative plural)
regnadrupinē (instrumental singular)
regnadrupammiz (instrumental plural)

Proto-West Germanic: *regnadropō

Old English: reġndropa

desc

Middle English: reyn-drope, rein-drope, rayn droppe

English: raindrop

Scots: rayndrap

Old Frisian: *reindropa

Saterland Frisian: Riendroupe, Riendruppe

West Frisian: reindrip

Old Saxon: *regindropo, *regandropo

Middle Low German: rēgendrōpe, rēgendroppe

German Low German: Regendrüpp

Plautdietsch: Räajendrepp

Old Dutch: *regandropo

Middle Dutch: regendrup, regendrop

Dutch: regendruppel, regendroppel

Afrikaans: reëndruppel

Limburgish: regendröppel

Old High German: regantropfo

Middle High German: regentropfe

German: Regentropfen

Luxembourgish: Reendrëps

Old Norse: *regndropi

Icelandic: regndropi

Faroese: regndropi

Norwegian: regndråpe

Swedish: regndroppe

Danish: regndråbe

Elfdalian: raingendrupi, raingendrupå

Gutnish: regndrupe, regndrupa


bēaną

bēō (active first-person indicative singular)
bēaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
bēai (first-person indicative passive singular)
bēizi (active indicative second-person singular)
bēaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
bē (active imperative second-person singular)
bēazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
bēaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
bēidi (active indicative singular third-person)
bēai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
bēadau (active imperative singular third-person)
bēadai (indicative passive singular third-person)
bēaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
bēōz (active dual first-person indicative)
bēaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
bēadiz (active dual indicative second-person)
bēaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
bēadiz (active dual imperative second-person)
bēamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
bēaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
bēandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
bēaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
bēid (active indicative plural second-person)
bēaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
bēid (active imperative plural second-person)
bēandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
bēaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
bēandi (active indicative plural third-person)
bēain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
bēandau (active imperative plural third-person)
bēandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
bēaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
bebō (active first-person indicative singular)
bebōį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
bebōt (active indicative second-person singular)
bebōīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
bebō (active indicative singular third-person)
bebōī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
bebōū (active dual first-person indicative)
bebōīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
bebōudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
bebōīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
bebōum (active first-person indicative plural)
bebōīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
bebōud (active indicative plural second-person)
bebōīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
bebōun (active indicative plural third-person)
bebōīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
bēandz (active participle present)
bēanaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *bāan (strong verb), *bājan (weak verb)

Old Saxon: *bāian, *bahian

⇒ Old Saxon: bāunga

Middle Low German: bêien, bêen, bêgen, bêden

Low German: boaien

Old Dutch: *bāien

Middle Dutch: *bâyen

Dutch: baaien (Belgium, dialectal; the form baaien elsewhere is from baden)

Old High German: bājan, bahen, bāen, pāan, pāwan

Middle High German: bæjen, bæhen, bæn

German: bähen (southern)

Luxembourgish: béien (archaic)

→⇒? Proto-Finnic: *peittädäk (< *bēja-)

/ˈbɛː.ɑ.nɑ̃/

From Proto-Indo-European *bʰeh₁- (“to heat up; bathe”).


splītaną

splītō (active first-person indicative singular)
splītaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
splītai (first-person indicative passive singular)
splītizi (active indicative second-person singular)
splītaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
splīt (active imperative second-person singular)
splītazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
splītaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
splītidi (active indicative singular third-person)
splītai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
splītadau (active imperative singular third-person)
splītadai (indicative passive singular third-person)
splītaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
splītōz (active dual first-person indicative)
splītaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
splītadiz (active dual indicative second-person)
splītaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
splītadiz (active dual imperative second-person)
splītamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
splītaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
splītandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
splītaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
splītid (active indicative plural second-person)
splītaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
splītid (active imperative plural second-person)
splītandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
splītaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
splītandi (active indicative plural third-person)
splītain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
splītandau (active imperative plural third-person)
splītandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
splītaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
splait (active first-person indicative singular)
splitį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
splaist (active indicative second-person singular)
splitīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
splait (active indicative singular third-person)
splitī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
splitū (active dual first-person indicative)
splitīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
splitudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
splitīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
splitum (active first-person indicative plural)
splitīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
splitud (active indicative plural second-person)
splitīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
splitun (active indicative plural third-person)
splitīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
splītandz (active participle present)
splitanaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *splītan
Old Frisian: splīta
Saterland Frisian: spliete
West Frisian: splite
Old Saxon: *splītan
Middle Low German: splîten
Low German: splieten
Old Dutch: splītan
Middle Dutch: spliten
Dutch: splijten
Afrikaans: splyt
→? English: split
Limburgish: spliete
Old High German: splīzan
Middle High German: splīzen
German: spleißen

From Proto-Indo-European *(s)pley- (“to split, splice”). Cognate with Middle Irish slis (“shavings, splinters”).


tuską

tuską (nominative singular)
tuskō (nominative plural)
tuską (singular vocative)
tuskō (plural vocative)
tuską (accusative singular)
tuskō (accusative plural)
tuskas (genitive singular)
tuskis (genitive singular)
tuskǫ̂ (genitive plural)
tuskai (dative singular)
tuskamaz (dative plural)
tuskō (instrumental singular)
tuskamiz (instrumental plural)

Old English: tosca

Old Norse: *tusk, *tosk

Swedish: tåssa, tossa

Elfdalian: tuosk


maisō

gem-decl-noun-table

*maisō (ō-stem)

maisō (nominative singular)
maisôz (nominative plural)
maisō (singular vocative)
maisôz (plural vocative)
maisǭ (accusative singular)
maisōz (accusative plural)
maisōz (genitive singular)
maisǫ̂ (genitive plural)
maisōi (dative singular)
maisōmaz (dative plural)
maisō (instrumental singular)
maisōmiz (instrumental plural)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *maisu
Old English: *mǣse (< *maisijā)
Middle English: mese, meise, mayse (also possibly from Old Norse)
English: mease
Scots: mese, maise
Old Saxon: *mēsa
Middle Low German: mêse, meise
Old Dutch: *mēsa
Middle Dutch: mese, meyse, miese
Dutch: mees
Old High German: meisa (strong o-stem), meissa (weak n-stem)
Middle High German: meise (strong o-stem), meise (weak n-stem)
German: Meise (“carrying basket, satchel, backpack”)
→ Old French: meise, maise
Middle French: maise, mese, meze, mase, masse, meisse, meeze, meesse, moise, mose

Old Norse: meiss m (< *maisaz)

Faroese: meis

Norwegian: meis

→⇒ Scots: mesgar

Uncertain. Possibly from *maisaz (“sheepskin sheath”), from Proto-Indo-European *moysós (“sheep, sheepskin, fleece, hose”).


nasją

nasją (nominative singular)
nasjō (nominative plural)
nasją (singular vocative)
nasjō (plural vocative)
nasją (accusative singular)
nasjō (accusative plural)
nasjas (genitive singular)
nasis (genitive singular)
nasjǫ̂ (genitive plural)
nasjai (dative singular)
nasjamaz (dative plural)
nasjō (instrumental singular)
nasjamiz (instrumental plural)

Old English: ness n; næss, næs m; næse f

Middle English: nesse

English: ness

Scots: nesse, nes

Old Saxon: *nessi

Middle Low German: nes

Old Dutch: nesse, nisse (in placenames)

Middle Dutch: nesse, nes

Dutch: nes

desctree

Old Norse: nes
Icelandic: nes
Faroese: nes
Norwegian Nynorsk: nes
Swedish: näs
Danish: næs
Norwegian Bokmål: nes

From Proto-Indo-European *néh₂s (“nostril; nose”).


snauþuz

snauþuz (masculine nominative singular strong)
snauþijai (masculine nominative plural strong)
snauþī (feminine nominative singular strong)
snauþijôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
snauþų (neuter nominative singular strong)
-jatō (neuter nominative singular strong)
snauþijō (neuter nominative plural strong)
snauþijanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
snauþijanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
snauþijǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
snauþijōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
snauþų (accusative neuter singular strong)
-jatō (accusative neuter singular strong)
snauþijō (accusative neuter plural strong)
snauþijas (genitive masculine singular strong)
snauþīs (genitive masculine singular strong)
snauþijaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
snauþijaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
snauþijaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
snauþijas (genitive neuter singular strong)
snauþīs (genitive neuter singular strong)
snauþijaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
snauþijammai (dative masculine singular strong)
snauþijaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
snauþijaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
snauþijaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
snauþijammai (dative neuter singular strong)
snauþijaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
snauþijanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
snauþijaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
snauþijaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
snauþijaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
snauþijanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
snauþijaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
snauþijô (masculine nominative singular weak)
snauþijaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
snauþijǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
snauþijōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
snauþijô (neuter nominative singular weak)
snauþijōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
snauþijanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
snauþijanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
snauþijōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
snauþijōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
snauþijô (accusative neuter singular weak)
snauþijōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
snauþīniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
snauþijanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
snauþijōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
snauþijōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
snauþīniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
snauþijanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
snauþīni (dative masculine singular weak)
snauþijammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
snauþijōni (dative feminine singular weak)
snauþijōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
snauþīni (dative neuter singular weak)
snauþijammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
snauþīnē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
snauþijammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
snauþijōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
snauþijōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
snauþīnē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
snauþijammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

Old Dutch: *snōthi

Middle Dutch: snôde

Dutch: snood, sneu

Old High German:

Middle High German: snoede

German: schnöde

Old Norse: snauðr

Icelandic: snauður

Norwegian Bokmål: snau

Norwegian Nynorsk: snau

Swedish: snöd

desc

⇒ Proto-Germanic: *sneuþaną, *snuþanaz (part.past.)

Old High German:

Middle High German: be-snoten (“poor”)

Old Norse: snoðinn (“bald, shaved”)

⇒ Proto-Germanic: *snuþjaną

Old English: be-snyþþan (“to rob”)

From Proto-Indo-European *ksnéw-tu-s, from *ksnew- (“to scrape, sharpen”).


spenô

spenô (nominative singular)
spenaniz (nominative plural)
spenô (singular vocative)
spenaniz (plural vocative)
spenanų (accusative singular)
spenanunz (accusative plural)
spininiz (genitive singular)
spenanǫ̂ (genitive plural)
spinini (dative singular)
spenammaz (dative plural)
spininē (instrumental singular)
spenammiz (instrumental plural)

Old English: *spana; spanu; spane

Old Frisian: *spen

West Frisian: spien

Old Saxon: *speno; *spana, *span

Middle Low German: spēne; spone, spon

Low German: spene, späne

→ English: spean (possibly from Middle Dutch)

Frankish: *spenō, *spanō

Old Dutch: *speno

Middle Dutch: spene

Dutch: speen

Old High German: *speno; *spena

Middle High German: spen

desctree

Old Norse: speni (“nipple”)
Icelandic: speni
Faroese: spini (“teat; penis”)
Norwegian Bokmål: spene
Norwegian Nynorsk: spene
Swedish: spene, späne
Danish: spene

From Proto-Indo-European *pstén-o-s, from *pstḗn (“breast, nipple”).


hidrê

Old English: hider

Middle English: hider, hither

English: hither

desc

Proto-Norse: ᚺᛖᛞᛖᚱᛡ (hederᴀ) (Stentoften stone), ᚺᛡᛁᛞᛖᚱᛡ (hᴀiderᴀ) (Björketorp stone)

Old Norse: heðra

Icelandic: heðra, héðra

Faroese: higar

Gothic: 𐌷𐌹𐌳𐍂𐌴 (hidrē)

From Proto-Indo-European *ḱíteros (“here”).


raubijaną

raubijō (active first-person indicative singular)
raubijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
raubijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
raubīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
raubijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
raubī (active imperative second-person singular)
raubijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
raubijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
raubīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
raubijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
raubijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
raubijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
raubijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
raubijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
raubijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
raubijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
raubijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
raubijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
raubijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
raubijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
raubijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
raubijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
raubīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
raubijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
raubīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
raubijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
raubijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
raubijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
raubijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
raubijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
raubijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
raubijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
raubidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
raubidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
raubidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
raubidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
raubidē (active indicative singular third-person)
raubidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
raubidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
raubidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
raubidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
raubidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
raubidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
raubidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
raubidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
raubidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
raubidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
raubidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
raubijandz (active participle present)
raubidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Old English: *rīefan

⇒ Old English: berīefan, berȳfan

i

merged with <i class="Latn mention" lang="ang">berēafian</i>

Middle English: bireven (merged with berēafian)

English: bereave

Scots: bereve, bereif

Old Norse: reyfa

Icelandic: reyfa

Danish: røve

Norwegian Bokmål: røve

→ Faroese: røva

→ Norwegian Nynorsk: røva

Swedish: röva

From Proto-Indo-European *Hrewp- (“to snatch”).
According to Kroonen the verb is a merger of:
* An intensive formation equivalent to *reufaną (“to tear”) + *-janą.
* A denominal formation equivalent to *raubaz (“robbery”) + *-janą.


linþaz

linþaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
linþai (masculine nominative plural strong)
linþō (feminine nominative singular strong)
linþôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
linþą (neuter nominative singular strong)
-at (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
linþō (neuter nominative plural strong)
linþanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
linþanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
linþǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
linþōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
linþą (accusative neuter singular strong)
-at (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
linþō (accusative neuter plural strong)
linþas (genitive masculine singular strong)
linþis (genitive masculine singular strong)
linþaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
linþaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
linþaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
linþas (genitive neuter singular strong)
linþis (genitive neuter singular strong)
linþaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
linþammai (dative masculine singular strong)
linþaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
linþaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
linþaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
linþammai (dative neuter singular strong)
linþaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
linþanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
linþaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
linþaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
linþaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
linþanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
linþaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
linþô (masculine nominative singular weak)
linþaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
linþǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
linþōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
linþô (neuter nominative singular weak)
linþōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
linþanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
linþanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
linþōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
linþōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
linþô (accusative neuter singular weak)
linþōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
linþiniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
linþanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
linþōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
linþōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
linþiniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
linþanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
linþini (dative masculine singular weak)
linþammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
linþōni (dative feminine singular weak)
linþōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
linþini (dative neuter singular weak)
linþammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
linþinē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
linþammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
linþōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
linþōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
linþinē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
linþammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *linþ(ī)
Old English: līþe
Middle English: lithe, lythe
English: lithe
Scots: lythe, lyth
Old Frisian: *līthe
Saterland Frisian: lied
Old Saxon: līthi
Middle Low German: linde (probably borrowed from High German)
German Low German: linde
Plautdietsch: lind
→ Old Danish: lind
Old Dutch: *lindi
Middle Dutch: linde
Dutch: lind (obsolete)
Old High German: lind, lindi
Middle High German: lint, linde
German: lind, linde

Old Norse: linnr
Icelandic: linnur
⇒ Old Norse: linnormr
Icelandic: linnormur
Norwegian: linnorm
Old Swedish: lindormber
Swedish: lindorm
Danish: lindorm
Faroese: lindormur

Norwegian Nynorsk: linn

Gothic: *𐌻𐌹𐌽𐌸𐍃 (*linþs)

→? Vulgar Latin: *lindus

Old Spanish: lindo

Spanish: lindo

Portuguese: lindo

From Proto-Indo-European *lént-o-s. Cognate with Latin lentus (“flexible, sticky”), Lithuanian lentà (“board”).

gelinde

Middle Low German: gelinde (possibly borrowed from High German)


linþaz

linþaz (nominative singular)
linþōz (nominative plural)
linþōs (nominative plural)
linþ (singular vocative)
linþōz (plural vocative)
linþōs (plural vocative)
linþą (accusative singular)
linþanz (accusative plural)
linþas (genitive singular)
linþis (genitive singular)
linþǫ̂ (genitive plural)
linþai (dative singular)
linþamaz (dative plural)
linþō (instrumental singular)
linþamiz (instrumental plural)

Old High German: lind

Middle High German: lint

Old Norse: linnr, linni

Icelandic: linnur


skaunį̄

skaunį̄ (nominative singular)
skaunīniz (nominative plural)
skaunį̄ (singular vocative)
skaunīniz (plural vocative)
skaunīnų (accusative singular)
skaunīnunz (accusative plural)
skaunīniz (genitive singular)
skaunīnǫ̂ (genitive plural)
skaunīni (dative singular)
skaunīmaz (dative plural)
skaunīnē (instrumental singular)
skaunīmiz (instrumental plural)

Old Saxon: skōnī

Middle Low German: schône

Old Dutch: scōnī

Middle Dutch: schône

Old High German: scōnī

Middle High German: schœne

German: Schöne (obsolete)

Gothic: *𐍃𐌺𐌰𐌿𐌽𐌴𐌹 (*skaunei)

⇒ Gothic: 𐌲𐌿𐌳𐌰𐍃𐌺𐌰𐌿𐌽𐌴𐌹 (gudaskaunei)


kaliz

kaliz (nominative singular)
kalīz (nominative plural)
kali (singular vocative)
kalīz (plural vocative)
kalį (accusative singular)
kalinz (accusative plural)
kalīz (genitive singular)
kaljǫ̂ (genitive plural)
kalī (dative singular)
kalimaz (dative plural)
kalī (instrumental singular)
kalimiz (instrumental plural)

Old English: ċiele, ċile, ċyle, ċæle, ċele, ċhele — Anglian
Middle English: chele, chile
English: chill (see there for further descendants)
Scots: chill

Middle Dutch: kille

Dutch: kil

Old Norse: *kylr

Icelandic: kylur

Along with *kalaną (“to freeze”), from Proto-Indo-European *gel- (“cold”).


hnawwaz

*hnawwaz (a-stem)

hnawwaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
hnawwai (masculine nominative plural strong)
hnawwō (feminine nominative singular strong)
hnawwôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
hnawwą (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
hnawwō (neuter nominative plural strong)
hnawwanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
hnawwanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
hnawwǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
hnawwōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
hnawwą (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
hnawwō (accusative neuter plural strong)
hnawwas (genitive masculine singular strong)
-is (genitive masculine singular strong)
hnawwaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
hnawwaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
hnawwaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
hnawwas (genitive neuter singular strong)
-is (genitive neuter singular strong)
hnawwaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
hnawwammai (dative masculine singular strong)
hnawwaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
hnawwaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
hnawwaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
hnawwammai (dative neuter singular strong)
hnawwaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
hnawwanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
hnawwaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
hnawwaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
hnawwaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
hnawwanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
hnawwaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
hnawwô (masculine nominative singular weak)
hnawwaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
hnawwǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
hnawwōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
hnawwô (neuter nominative singular weak)
hnawwōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
hnawwanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
hnawwanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
hnawwōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
hnawwōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
hnawwô (accusative neuter singular weak)
hnawwōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
hnawwiniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
hnawwanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
hnawwōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
hnawwōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
hnawwiniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
hnawwanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
hnawwini (dative masculine singular weak)
hnawwammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
hnawwōni (dative feminine singular weak)
hnawwōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
hnawwini (dative neuter singular weak)
hnawwammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
hnawwinē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
hnawwammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
hnawwōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
hnawwōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
hnawwinē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
hnawwammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

Old English: hnēaw

Old Frisian: *nāu

Saterland Frisian: nau

West Frisian: nau

Old Saxon: *hnauw

Middle Low German: nouwe, nau

German Low German: nau

⇒ Middle Low German: genouwe

desc

jenaif<q:regional Low Prussian (Danziger Nehrung mit dem nördlichen Teil des Werders)>

German Low German: genau, (regional Low Prussian (Danziger Nehrung mit dem nördlichen Teil des Werders)) jenaif

→ Saterland Frisian: gnau

Old Dutch: *nauw

Middle Dutch: nauwe

Dutch: nauw

Afrikaans: nou

Old High German: *hnouw, *nouw

Middle High German: nouwe, nou

⇒ Middle High German: genouwe, genoue

German: genau

desctree

Old Norse: hnøggr
Icelandic: hnöggur
Norwegian: nøgg
Swedish: njugg
→ Middle English: nig, nigard
English: niggard
Scots: negart, niggard

From Proto-Indo-European *knew- (“to scrape; scratch; rub”).


grabą

grabą (nominative singular)
grabō (nominative plural)
grabą (singular vocative)
grabō (plural vocative)
grabą (accusative singular)
grabō (accusative plural)
grabas (genitive singular)
grabis (genitive singular)
grabǫ̂ (genitive plural)
grabai (dative singular)
grabamaz (dative plural)
grabō (instrumental singular)
grabamiz (instrumental plural)

Proto-West Germanic: *grab

Old English: græf

Middle English: grave, grafe

desc

Scots: grave, grawe, graive, graiwe, greawe

English: grave

desctree

Old Frisian: gref
North Frisian:
Föhr-Amrum: greef
Saterland Frisian: Grääf, Grääb
West Frisian: grêf

Old Saxon: graf

Middle Low German: grav

Low German: Graf, Graff

Plautdietsch: Graw

Old Dutch: *graf

Middle Dutch: graf

Dutch: graf

Afrikaans: graf

Limburgish: graaf

Old High German: grab
Middle High German: grap
Central Franconian: Grav, Jrav
Hunsrik: Graab
Luxembourgish: Graf
Bavarian:
Cimbrian: grap
East Central German:
Vilamovian: graob, grob
East Franconian:
German: Grab
Rhine Franconian: Grab
Frankfurterisch: [krɑːp], (plural) [kʀεːvæ̆]
Yiddish: גרוב (grub)

Old Norse: grǫf, graf

Icelandic: gröf

Faroese: grøv

Norn: gref

Norwegian: grav

Swedish: grav

Danish: grav

Elfdalian: grav

Gutnish: grav

Derived from the verb *grabaną (“to dig”)

that which is dug (ditch, trench, hole, etc.)


gabidjaną

gabidjō (active first-person indicative singular)
gabidjaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
gabidjai (first-person indicative passive singular)
gabidisi (active indicative second-person singular)
gabidjais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
gabidi (active imperative second-person singular)
gabidjasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
gabidjaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
gabidiþi (active indicative singular third-person)
gabidjai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
gabidjaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
gabidjaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
gabidjaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
gabidjōs (active dual first-person indicative)
gabidjaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
gabidjaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
gabidjaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
gabidjaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
gabidjamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
gabidjaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
gabidjanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
gabidjainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
gabidiþ (active indicative plural second-person)
gabidjaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
gabidiþ (active imperative plural second-person)
gabidjanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
gabidjainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
gabidjanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
gabidjain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
gabidjanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
gabidjanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
gabidjainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
gabad (active first-person indicative singular)
gabēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
gabast (active indicative second-person singular)
gabēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
gabad (active indicative singular third-person)
gabēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
gabēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
gabēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
gabēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
gabēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
gabēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
gabēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
gabēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
gabēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
gabēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
gabēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
gabidjandz (active participle present)
gabedanaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *gabiddjan
Old English: ġebiddan
Middle English: ȝebidden, ybidden, ibidden
Old Saxon: gibiddian
Old High German: *gibitten
Middle High German: gebitten, gebiten

Gothic: 𐌲𐌰𐌱𐌹𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌽 (gabidjan)


gasinþô

gasinþô (nominative singular)
gasinþaniz (nominative plural)
gasinþô (singular vocative)
gasinþaniz (plural vocative)
gasinþanų (accusative singular)
gasinþanunz (accusative plural)
gasinþiniz (genitive singular)
gasinþanǫ̂ (genitive plural)
gasinþini (dative singular)
gasinþammaz (dative plural)
gasinþinē (instrumental singular)
gasinþammiz (instrumental plural)

Proto-West Germanic: *gasinþ (< *gasinþaz)

Old English: ġesīþ

→ English: gesith

Old Saxon: gisīth

Proto-West Germanic: *gasinþī (< *gasinþijaz)

Old Dutch: gisindi

Middle Dutch: gesinde

Dutch: gezinde

Old High German: gisindi

Middle High German: gesinde

German: Gesind (archaic), Gesinde

Proto-West Germanic: *gasinþō (< *gasinþô)

Old High German: gisindo

Old Norse: sinni, of sinni

Icelandic: sinni

Gothic: 𐌲𐌰𐍃𐌹𐌽𐌸𐌰 (gasinþa) (< *gasinþô)

Gothic: 𐌲𐌰𐍃𐌹𐌽𐌸𐌾𐌰 (gasinþja) (< *gasinþijô)

/ɣɑ.ˈsin.θɔːː/


arjōzô

gem-decl-adj-table

*arjōzô (an/īn-stem)

arjōzô (masculine nominative singular)
arjōzaniz (masculine nominative plural)
arjōzį̄ (feminine nominative singular)
arjōzīniz (feminine nominative plural)
arjōzô (neuter nominative singular)
arjōzōnō (neuter nominative plural)
arjōzanų (accusative masculine singular)
arjōzanunz (accusative masculine plural)
arjōzīnų (accusative feminine singular)
arjōzīnunz (accusative feminine plural)
arjōzô (accusative neuter singular)
arjōzōnō (accusative neuter plural)
arjōziniz (genitive masculine singular)
arjōzanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural)
arjōzīniz (feminine genitive singular)
arjōzīnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural)
arjōziniz (genitive neuter singular)
arjōzanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural)
arjōzini (dative masculine singular)
arjōzammaz (dative masculine plural)
arjōzīni (dative feminine singular)
arjōzīmaz (dative feminine plural)
arjōzini (dative neuter singular)
arjōzammaz (dative neuter plural)
arjōzinē (instrumental masculine singular)
arjōzammiz (instrumental masculine plural)
arjōzīnē (feminine instrumental singular)
arjōzīmiz (feminine instrumental plural)
arjōzinē (instrumental neuter singular)
arjōzammiz (instrumental neuter plural)

/ˈɑr.jɔː.zɔːː/


arjōstaz

*arjōstaz (a-stem)

arjōstaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
arjōstai (masculine nominative plural strong)
arjōstō (feminine nominative singular strong)
arjōstôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
arjōstą (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
arjōstō (neuter nominative plural strong)
arjōstanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
arjōstanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
arjōstǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
arjōstōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
arjōstą (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
arjōstō (accusative neuter plural strong)
arjōstas (genitive masculine singular strong)
-is (genitive masculine singular strong)
arjōstaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
arjōstaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
arjōstaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
arjōstas (genitive neuter singular strong)
-is (genitive neuter singular strong)
arjōstaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
arjōstammai (dative masculine singular strong)
arjōstaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
arjōstaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
arjōstaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
arjōstammai (dative neuter singular strong)
arjōstaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
arjōstanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
arjōstaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
arjōstaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
arjōstaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
arjōstanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
arjōstaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
arjōstô (masculine nominative singular weak)
arjōstaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
arjōstǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
arjōstōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
arjōstô (neuter nominative singular weak)
arjōstōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
arjōstanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
arjōstanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
arjōstōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
arjōstōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
arjōstô (accusative neuter singular weak)
arjōstōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
arjōstiniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
arjōstanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
arjōstōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
arjōstōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
arjōstiniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
arjōstanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
arjōstini (dative masculine singular weak)
arjōstammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
arjōstōni (dative feminine singular weak)
arjōstōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
arjōstini (dative neuter singular weak)
arjōstammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
arjōstinē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
arjōstammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
arjōstōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
arjōstōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
arjōstinē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
arjōstammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)


kurbiz

kurbiz (nominative singular)
kurbīz (nominative plural)
kurbi (singular vocative)
kurbīz (plural vocative)
kurbį (accusative singular)
kurbinz (accusative plural)
kurbīz (genitive singular)
kurbijǫ̂ (genitive plural)
kurbī (dative singular)
kurbimaz (dative plural)
kurbī (instrumental singular)
kurbimiz (instrumental plural)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *kurbi
Old English: cyrf
Middle English: kerf, carffe, kerfe, kirf, kyrf
English: kerf, carf
Scots: kerf, carf
Old Frisian: kerf, kerve, kere
Saterland Frisian: Käärf
West Frisian: kerf

Old Norse: kurfr (< *kurbaz)

Icelandic: kurfur

desc

Norwegian Nynorsk: kurv; (dialectal) korv, kørv

Old Swedish: korver

Swedish: korv

→ Norwegian Bokmål: korv

From Proto-Indo-European *gerbʰ- (“to scratch”).


faikną

faikną (nominative singular)
faiknō (nominative plural)
faikną (singular vocative)
faiknō (plural vocative)
faikną (accusative singular)
faiknō (accusative plural)
faiknas (genitive singular)
faiknis (genitive singular)
faiknǫ̂ (genitive plural)
faiknai (dative singular)
faiknamaz (dative plural)
faiknō (instrumental singular)
faiknamiz (instrumental plural)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *faikn
Old English: fācn, fācen
Middle English: faken, fakenn, foken
Old Frisian: *fēkn
⇒ Old Frisian: fēknia (verb)
Old Saxon: fēkn, fēkan
Old High German: feihhan, feichan
Middle High German: veichen

Old Norse: feikn

Icelandic: feikn

/ˈɸɑi̯k.nɑ̃/

From Proto-Indo-European *peyǵ- (“evil, fiendish”).


hrugjabainą

hrugjabainą (nominative singular)
hrugjabainō (nominative plural)
hrugjabainą (singular vocative)
hrugjabainō (plural vocative)
hrugjabainą (accusative singular)
hrugjabainō (accusative plural)
hrugjabainas (genitive singular)
hrugjabainis (genitive singular)
hrugjabainǫ̂ (genitive plural)
hrugjabainai (dative singular)
hrugjabainamaz (dative plural)
hrugjabainō (instrumental singular)
hrugjabainamiz (instrumental plural)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *hruggjabain
Old English: hryċġbān, hryġċbān
Middle English: riggebon, riggebone
English: ridgebone
Scots: rigbane
Old Frisian: hreggbên, hregbên
Saterland Frisian: Räägebunke
West Frisian: rêchbonke
Old Saxon: *hruggibēn
Middle Low German: rüggebên, rüggebein, rücbên
German Low German: Rüggbunk
Old Dutch: *ruggibēn
Middle Dutch: ruggebene, ruggebeen
Dutch: ruggebeen
Old High German: ruggibein, rukkibein, ruckibein
Middle High German: rückebein, ruckebein, rucbein, ruckepein, rucpein, ruggebein, ruggebēn; ruckenbein
German: Rückenbein

Old Norse: *hryggbein; *hryggjarbein

Icelandic: hryggbein, hryggjarbein

Faroese: ryggjabein

Norn: ryggben

Norwegian: ryggbein

Swedish: ryggben

Danish: rygben

Elfdalian: ryggbien


matōną

matō (active first-person indicative singular)
matǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
matōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
matōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
matōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
matō (active imperative second-person singular)
matōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
matōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
matōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
matō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
matōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
matōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
matōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
matōs (active dual first-person indicative)
matōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
matōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
matōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
matōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
matōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
matōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
matōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
matōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
matōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
matōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
matōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
matōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
matōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
matōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
matōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
matōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
matōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
matōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
matōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
matōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
matōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
matōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
matōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
matōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
matōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
matōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
matōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
matōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
matōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
matōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
matōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
matōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
matōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
matōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
matōndz (active participle present)
matōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Old Norse: mata

Faroese: mata

Icelandic: mata

Norn: meta

Norwegian: mate

Swedish: mata

Danish: made

Elfdalian: måtå

Gutnish: mate

→ Middle French: amadouer

French: amadouer

From *meh₂d- (“to be wet”). Equivalent to *matiz (“food”) + *-ōną.


garihtijaną

garihtijō (active first-person indicative singular)
garihtijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
garihtijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
garihtīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
garihtijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
garihtī (active imperative second-person singular)
garihtijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
garihtijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
garihtīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
garihtijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
garihtijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
garihtijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
garihtijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
garihtijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
garihtijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
garihtijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
garihtijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
garihtijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
garihtijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
garihtijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
garihtijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
garihtijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
garihtīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
garihtijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
garihtīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
garihtijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
garihtijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
garihtijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
garihtijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
garihtijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
garihtijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
garihtijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
garihtidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
garihtidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
garihtidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
garihtidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
garihtidē (active indicative singular third-person)
garihtidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
garihtidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
garihtidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
garihtidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
garihtidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
garihtidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
garihtidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
garihtidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
garihtidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
garihtidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
garihtidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
garihtijandz (active participle present)
garihtidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *garihtijan
Old English: ġerihtan
Middle English: ȝerihten, iriȝten, arighten
English: aright
Old Saxon: girihtian
Old Dutch: girihten
Middle Dutch: gerechten
Dutch: gerechten
Old High German: girihten

Gothic: 𐌲𐌰𐍂𐌰𐌹𐌷𐍄𐌾𐌰𐌽 (garaihtjan)


gabindaną

gabindō (active first-person indicative singular)
gabindaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
gabindai (first-person indicative passive singular)
gabindizi (active indicative second-person singular)
gabindaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
gabind (active imperative second-person singular)
gabindazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
gabindaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
gabindidi (active indicative singular third-person)
gabindai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
gabindadau (active imperative singular third-person)
gabindadai (indicative passive singular third-person)
gabindaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
gabindōz (active dual first-person indicative)
gabindaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
gabindadiz (active dual indicative second-person)
gabindaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
gabindadiz (active dual imperative second-person)
gabindamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
gabindaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
gabindandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
gabindaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
gabindid (active indicative plural second-person)
gabindaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
gabindid (active imperative plural second-person)
gabindandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
gabindaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
gabindandi (active indicative plural third-person)
gabindain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
gabindandau (active imperative plural third-person)
gabindandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
gabindaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
gaband (active first-person indicative singular)
gabundį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
gabanst (active indicative second-person singular)
gabundīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
gaband (active indicative singular third-person)
gabundī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
gabundū (active dual first-person indicative)
gabundīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
gabundudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
gabundīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
gabundum (active first-person indicative plural)
gabundīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
gabundud (active indicative plural second-person)
gabundīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
gabundun (active indicative plural third-person)
gabundīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
gabindandz (active participle present)
gabundanaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Old English: ġebindan

Middle English: ibīnden

Old Saxon: gibindan

Middle Low German: gebende

Old High German: gibintan

Middle High German: gebinden

Gothic: 𐌲𐌰𐌱𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌽 (gabindan)


tunþskaz

Proto-West Germanic: *tunsk
Old English: tūsċ
Middle English: tusk, tux, tush
English: tusk, tush
Scots: tusk
Old Frisian: tusk
North Frisian: tos, tus
Saterland Frisian: Tusk, Tüsk (Skäddel)
West Frisian: tosk

q

Old Norse: *toskr (attested in personal names: Ratatoskr, etc.)


prikjaną

prikjō (active first-person indicative singular)
prikjaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
prikjai (first-person indicative passive singular)
prikisi (active indicative second-person singular)
prikjais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
priki (active imperative second-person singular)
prikjasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
prikjaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
prikiþi (active indicative singular third-person)
prikjai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
prikjaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
prikjaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
prikjaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
prikjōs (active dual first-person indicative)
prikjaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
prikjaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
prikjaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
prikjaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
prikjamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
prikjaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
prikjanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
prikjainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
prikiþ (active indicative plural second-person)
prikjaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
prikiþ (active imperative plural second-person)
prikjanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
prikjainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
prikjanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
prikjain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
prikjanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
prikjanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
prikjainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
prikidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
prikidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
prikidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
prikidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
prikidē (active indicative singular third-person)
prikidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
prikidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
prikidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
prikidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
prikidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
prikidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
prikidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
prikidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
prikidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
prikidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
prikidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
prikjandz (active participle present)
prikidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Old English: priċċan

Middle English: pricchen

English: pritch

Scots: prich, prych

Old Frisian: *prikka

Saterland Frisian: prikkelje (from Low German ?)

West Frisian: prikke

Old Saxon: *prikkian

Middle Low German: prikken, pricken

Low German: pricken

→ German: pricken

desc

⇒ Middle Low German: prickelen, prikelen, preckelen

German Low German: prickeln

→ Danish: prikke

→ Swedish: pricka

Old Dutch: *prikken

Middle Dutch: pricken

Dutch: prikken

Afrikaans: prik

Old High German: *pfrichen, *pfricken

i

possibly from <i class="Latn mention" lang="gem-pro">*prekōną</i>

Middle High German: pfrecken? (possibly from *prekōną)

desc

⇒ Middle High German: prickelen, prickeln (likely from Low German)

German: prickeln


friþilaz

friþilaz (nominative singular)
friþilōz (nominative plural)
friþilōs (nominative plural)
friþil (singular vocative)
friþilōz (plural vocative)
friþilōs (plural vocative)
friþilą (accusative singular)
friþilanz (accusative plural)
friþilas (genitive singular)
friþilis (genitive singular)
friþilǫ̂ (genitive plural)
friþilai (dative singular)
friþilamaz (dative plural)
friþilō (instrumental singular)
friþilamiz (instrumental plural)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *friþil
Old High German: fridil
Middle High German: vriedel (merged with descendant of friudil)
German: Friedel

Old Norse: friðill

Icelandic: friðill

⇒ Old Norse: friðla, frilla f
Icelandic: frilla
Faroese: frilla
Norwegian Nynorsk: frille
Norwegian Bokmål: frille
Old Swedish: frilla, friþla
Swedish: frilla
Danish: frille


manōną

manō (active first-person indicative singular)
manǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
manōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
manōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
manōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
manō (active imperative second-person singular)
manōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
manōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
manōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
manō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
manōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
manōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
manōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
manōs (active dual first-person indicative)
manōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
manōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
manōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
manōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
manōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
manōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
manōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
manōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
manōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
manōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
manōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
manōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
manōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
manōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
manōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
manōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
manōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
manōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
manōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
manōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
manōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
manōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
manōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
manōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
manōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
manōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
manōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
manōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
manōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
manōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
manōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
manōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
manōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
manōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
manōndz (active participle present)
manōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Old English: manian, monian

Middle English: *monien, monihen

Old Frisian: mania, monia

Saterland Frisian: moonje

West Frisian: moanje

Old Saxon: manōn

Middle Low German: mānen

German Low German: mahnen

→ Danish: mane

Old Dutch: manon

Middle Dutch: manen, mānen

Dutch: manen

Old High German: manōn

Middle High German: manen

German: mahnen

Yiddish: מאָנען (monen)

From Proto-Indo-European *men- (“to think”).


mut-

Old English: moþþe

Middle English: mothe

English: moth

Old Frisian: *motte

Saterland Frisian: Motte

West Frisian: mot

Old Saxon: *mutte

Middle Low German: mutte, motte

Plautdietsch: Mott

→ German: Motte

→ Luxembourgish: Matt

Old Dutch: *mutte

Middle Dutch: motte

Dutch: mot

Afrikaans: mot

Limburgish: mot

Old Norse: motti


rignijaną

rignijō (active first-person indicative singular)
rignijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
rignijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
rignīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
rignijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
rignī (active imperative second-person singular)
rignijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
rignijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
rignīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
rignijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
rignijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
rignijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
rignijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
rignijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
rignijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
rignijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
rignijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
rignijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
rignijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
rignijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
rignijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
rignijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
rignīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
rignijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
rignīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
rignijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
rignijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
rignijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
rignijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
rignijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
rignijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
rignijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
rignidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
rignidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
rignidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
rignidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
rignidē (active indicative singular third-person)
rignidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
rignidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
rignidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
rignidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
rignidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
rignidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
rignidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
rignidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
rignidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
rignidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
rignidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
rignijandz (active participle present)
rignidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *rignijan
Old English: riġnan, rīnan
Middle English: rinen, rynen
Old Frisian: reina
Saterland Frisian: riene
West Frisian: reine
Old High German: *reganen
⇒ Old High German: gireganen
Middle High German: geregenen

Old Norse: rigna

Icelandic: rigna

Faroese: rigna

Gothic: 𐍂𐌹𐌲𐌽𐌾𐌰𐌽 (rignjan)


regnōną

regnō (active first-person indicative singular)
regnǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
regnōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
regnōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
regnōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
regnō (active imperative second-person singular)
regnōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
regnōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
regnōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
regnō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
regnōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
regnōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
regnōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
regnōs (active dual first-person indicative)
regnōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
regnōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
regnōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
regnōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
regnōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
regnōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
regnōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
regnōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
regnōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
regnōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
regnōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
regnōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
regnōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
regnōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
regnōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
regnōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
regnōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
regnōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
regnōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
regnōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
regnōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
regnōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
regnōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
regnōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
regnōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
regnōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
regnōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
regnōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
regnōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
regnōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
regnōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
regnōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
regnōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
regnōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
regnōndz (active participle present)
regnōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *regnōn
Old English: reġnian
Middle English: reinen
English: rain
Scots: raine, rain, rayn rayne, rane
Old Frisian: reinia
Saterland Frisian: reine
West Frisian: reine
Old Saxon: *reganon
Middle Low German: rēgenen
German Low German: regen, rägen
Plautdietsch: räajnen
Old Dutch: *reganon
Middle Dutch: rēgenen
Dutch: regenen
Afrikaans: reën
Jersey Dutch: rếgene
Limburgish: raengere
Old High German: reganōn
Middle High German: regenen
Cimbrian: règhenan, rengen (Luserna)
German: regnen
Luxembourgish: reenen
Yiddish: רעגענען (regenen)

Old Norse: regna

Icelandic: regna

Faroese: regna

Norwegian Bokmål: regne

Norwegian Nynorsk: regne, regna

Swedish: regna

Danish: regne

Elfdalian: raingen

Gutnish: regne, regn', regna


gahabjaną

gahabjō (active first-person indicative singular)
gahabjaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
gahabaisi (active indicative second-person singular)
gahabjais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
gahabai (active imperative second-person singular)
gahabaiþi (active indicative singular third-person)
gahabjai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
gahabjaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
gahabjōs (active dual first-person indicative)
gahabjaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
gahabjaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
gahabjaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
gahabjaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
gahabjamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
gahabjaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
gahabaiþ (active indicative plural second-person)
gahabjaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
gahabaiþ (active imperative plural second-person)
gahabjanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
gahabjain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
gahabjanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
gahabdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
gahabdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
gahabdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
gahabdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
gahabdē (active indicative singular third-person)
gahabdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
gahabdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
gahabdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
gahabdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
gahabdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
gahabdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
gahabdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
gahabdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
gahabdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
gahabdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
gahabdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
gahabjandz (active participle present)
gahabdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Old English: gehabban

Old Saxon: gihebbian

Middle Low German: gehebben

Low German: gehebben

Old High German: gihabēn

Gothic: 𐌲𐌰𐌷𐌰𐌱𐌰𐌽 (gahaban)


gahabjaną

gahabjō (active first-person indicative singular)
gahabjaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
gahabjai (first-person indicative passive singular)
gahabisi (active indicative second-person singular)
gahabjais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
gahabi (active imperative second-person singular)
gahabjasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
gahabjaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
gahabiþi (active indicative singular third-person)
gahabjai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
gahabjaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
gahabjaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
gahabjaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
gahabjōs (active dual first-person indicative)
gahabjaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
gahabjaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
gahabjaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
gahabjaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
gahabjamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
gahabjaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
gahabjanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
gahabjainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
gahabiþ (active indicative plural second-person)
gahabjaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
gahabiþ (active imperative plural second-person)
gahabjanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
gahabjainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
gahabjanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
gahabjain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
gahabjanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
gahabjanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
gahabjainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
gahōf (active first-person indicative singular)
gahōbį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
gahōft (active indicative second-person singular)
gahōbīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
gahōf (active indicative singular third-person)
gahōbī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
gahōbū (active dual first-person indicative)
gahōbīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
gahōbudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
gahōbīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
gahōbum (active first-person indicative plural)
gahōbīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
gahōbud (active indicative plural second-person)
gahōbīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
gahōbun (active indicative plural third-person)
gahōbīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
gahabjandz (active participle present)
gahabanaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Old English: ġehebban

Old Saxon: gihebbian


hamjaną

hamjō (active first-person indicative singular)
hamjaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
hamjai (first-person indicative passive singular)
hamisi (active indicative second-person singular)
hamjais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
hami (active imperative second-person singular)
hamjasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
hamjaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
hamiþi (active indicative singular third-person)
hamjai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
hamjaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
hamjaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
hamjaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
hamjōs (active dual first-person indicative)
hamjaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
hamjaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
hamjaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
hamjaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
hamjamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
hamjaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
hamjanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
hamjainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
hamiþ (active indicative plural second-person)
hamjaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
hamiþ (active imperative plural second-person)
hamjanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
hamjainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
hamjanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
hamjain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
hamjanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
hamjanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
hamjainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
hamidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
hamidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
hamidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
hamidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
hamidē (active indicative singular third-person)
hamidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
hamidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
hamidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
hamidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
hamidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
hamidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
hamidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
hamidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
hamidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
hamidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
hamidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
hamjandz (active participle present)
hamidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *hammjan
Old English: *hemman
Middle English: hemmen (alternatively derived from the noun)
English: hem
Scots: hem
Old Frisian: hemma
Old Saxon: *hemmian
Middle Low German: hemmen
German Low German: hemmen
Old Dutch: *hemmen (attested as chamian)
Old High German: *hemmen (in gihemmen)
Middle High German: hemmen
German: hemmen
→ Polish: hamować (borrowing from Middle High German hamen < Old High German *hamōn, a related word)

Old Norse: hemja

Icelandic: hemja

Norwegian: hemme

Swedish: hämma

Danish: hæmme

From either Proto-Indo-European *kem- (“to press”) or *ḱem- (“to cover; skin ~ clothing”). Compare *hamô (“covering, skin”) and *hamiþiją (“shirt”).

To obstruct; restrict; restrain; hinder; hamper


werduz

werduz (nominative singular)
wirdiwiz (nominative plural)
werdu (singular vocative)
wirdiwiz (plural vocative)
werdų (accusative singular)
werdunz (accusative plural)
werdauz (genitive singular)
wirdiwǫ̂ (genitive plural)
wirdiwi (dative singular)
werdumaz (dative plural)
werdū (instrumental singular)
werdumiz (instrumental plural)

Old English: weard

Middle English: ward

English: ward

Old Frisian: *werd (compare werda (“host”), werdskip (“feast”))

North Frisian: weerd

Saterland Frisian: Weerd

West Frisian: weard

Old Saxon: werd, wird

Middle Low German: wert

German Low German: Weert

Plautdietsch: Wieet

→ Norwegian: vert

→ Swedish: värd

→ Danish: vært

→ Elfdalian: werd

→ Gutnish: värt

→ Polabian: vart

Old Dutch: *wird

Middle Dutch: wert, wāert

Dutch: waard

Afrikaans: waard

Old High German: *wirt

Middle High German: wirt

Bavarian:

Cimbrian: biart, birt

Mòcheno: birt

German: Wirt

Luxembourgish: Wiert

Gothic: 𐍅𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌳𐌿𐍃 (wairdus)

From Pre-Germanic *(H)uer-, which could be related to *waraz (“watchful, aware”), in which case the related Old Norse verðr (“meal”) would have had an earlier meaning of "attendance." Or, possibly related to *werþaną (“to come about, happen”).


-inassuz

-inassuz (nominative singular)
-inassiwiz (nominative plural)
-inassu (singular vocative)
-inassiwiz (plural vocative)
-inassų (accusative singular)
-inassunz (accusative plural)
-inassauz (genitive singular)
-inassiwǫ̂ (genitive plural)
-inassiwi (dative singular)
-inassumaz (dative plural)
-inassū (instrumental singular)
-inassumiz (instrumental plural)

Proto-West Germanic: *-nassī
Old English: -nes, -ness, -nis, -niss, -nys, -nyss
Middle English: -nesse, -ness, -nes, -nece, -nesce, -nisse, -nis, -næse, -næs, -nez
English: -ness
Scots: -nes
Old Frisian: -nisse, -ense
Saterland Frisian: -nisse, -nis
West Frisian: -ens
Old Saxon: -nessi, -nissi, -nussi
Middle Low German: -nisse
Low German: -nis
Old Dutch: -nissi, -nussi
Middle Dutch: -nisse
Dutch: -nis
Afrikaans: -nis
Old High German: -nissi, -nussi
Middle High German: -nisse, -nusse, -nüsse (at least in rhyme)
German: -nis, -niß -nüß, -nuß
Yiddish: ־ניש (-nish)

Gothic: -𐌹𐌽𐌰𐍃𐍃𐌿𐍃 (-inassus)


spurjaną

spurjō (active first-person indicative singular)
spurjaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
spurjai (first-person indicative passive singular)
spurisi (active indicative second-person singular)
spurjais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
spuri (active imperative second-person singular)
spurjasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
spurjaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
spuriþi (active indicative singular third-person)
spurjai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
spurjaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
spurjaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
spurjaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
spurjōs (active dual first-person indicative)
spurjaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
spurjaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
spurjaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
spurjaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
spurjamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
spurjaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
spurjanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
spurjainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
spuriþ (active indicative plural second-person)
spurjaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
spuriþ (active imperative plural second-person)
spurjanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
spurjainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
spurjanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
spurjain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
spurjanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
spurjanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
spurjainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
spuridǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
spuridēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
spuridēz (active indicative second-person singular)
spuridēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
spuridē (active indicative singular third-person)
spuridēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
spuridēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
spuridēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
spuridēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
spuridēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
spuridēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
spuridēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
spuridēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
spuridēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
spuridēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
spuridēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
spurjandz (active participle present)
spuridaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *spurjan
Old English: spyrian, spirian
Middle English: spuren, spiren, speren
English: speer, speir, spere
Scots: speir
Old Frisian: spera
Old Dutch: *spurien, *spuren
Middle Dutch: spueren, spōren
Dutch: speuren
Afrikaans: speur
→ West Frisian: speure, speurje
Old High German: spurian, spurien, spurren
Middle High German: spüren, spürn
German: spüren
Luxembourgish: spieren
⇒ Alemannic German: gespüre
Yiddish: שפּירן (shpirn)

Old Norse: spyrja
Icelandic: spyrja
Faroese: spyrja
Norwegian Nynorsk: spyrja, spørja; (dialectal) spurja, spær, spår
Old Swedish: spyria
Swedish: spörja
Old Danish: spyriæ, spørghe, spøriæ
Danish: spørge
Norwegian Bokmål: spørre (partly from dialectal spørja)


andaswarjaną

andaswarjō (active first-person indicative singular)
andaswarjaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
andaswarjai (first-person indicative passive singular)
andaswarisi (active indicative second-person singular)
andaswarjais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
andaswari (active imperative second-person singular)
andaswarjasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
andaswarjaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
andaswariþi (active indicative singular third-person)
andaswarjai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
andaswarjaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
andaswarjaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
andaswarjaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
andaswarjōs (active dual first-person indicative)
andaswarjaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
andaswarjaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
andaswarjaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
andaswarjaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
andaswarjamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
andaswarjaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
andaswarjanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
andaswarjainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
andaswariþ (active indicative plural second-person)
andaswarjaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
andaswariþ (active imperative plural second-person)
andaswarjanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
andaswarjainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
andaswarjanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
andaswarjain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
andaswarjanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
andaswarjanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
andaswarjainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
andaswaridǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
andaswaridēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
andaswaridēz (active indicative second-person singular)
andaswaridēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
andaswaridē (active indicative singular third-person)
andaswaridēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
andaswaridēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
andaswaridēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
andaswaridēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
andaswaridēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
andaswaridēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
andaswaridēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
andaswaridēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
andaswaridēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
andaswaridēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
andaswaridēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
andaswarjandz (active participle present)
andaswaridaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Old English: andswerian; (andswarian)

Middle English: andswaren, answeren

English: answer

Old Frisian: ondswera

Old Norse: andsvara

Icelandic: andsvara

Swedish: ansvara

Danish: ansvare

Elfdalian: answar

Gutnish: ansvar'


kringaz

kringaz (nominative singular)
kringōz (nominative plural)
kringōs (nominative plural)
kring (singular vocative)
kringōz (plural vocative)
kringōs (plural vocative)
kringą (accusative singular)
kringanz (accusative plural)
kringas (genitive singular)
kringis (genitive singular)
kringǫ̂ (genitive plural)
kringai (dative singular)
kringamaz (dative plural)
kringō (instrumental singular)
kringamiz (instrumental plural)

Old Saxon: *kring

Middle Low German: *kring

Low German: Kring

Old Dutch: *kring

Middle Dutch: crinc

Dutch: kring
Afrikaans: kring
Negerhollands: rink
→ Indonesian: kring; → lingkungan (semantic loan)
→ Papiamentu: kren

Limburgish: krink

Old High German: *kring

Middle High German: krinc

German: Kring (obsolete)

⇒ Middle High German: kringel

German: Kringel, Krengel
→ Russian: кре́ндель (kréndelʹ)
→ English: krendel

Old Norse: kringr

Faroese: kringur

Icelandic: kringur

desc

⇒ Norwegian Nynorsk: kring, omkring, ikring, kringom

⇒ Swedish: kring, omkring, ikring

From the strong verb *kringaną (“to turn, fall”).


andawurdijaną

andawurdijō (active first-person indicative singular)
andawurdijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
andawurdijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
andawurdīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
andawurdijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
andawurdī (active imperative second-person singular)
andawurdijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
andawurdijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
andawurdīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
andawurdijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
andawurdijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
andawurdijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
andawurdijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
andawurdijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
andawurdijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
andawurdijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
andawurdijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
andawurdijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
andawurdijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
andawurdijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
andawurdijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
andawurdijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
andawurdīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
andawurdijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
andawurdīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
andawurdijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
andawurdijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
andawurdijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
andawurdijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
andawurdijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
andawurdijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
andawurdijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
andawurdidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
andawurdidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
andawurdidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
andawurdidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
andawurdidē (active indicative singular third-person)
andawurdidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
andawurdidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
andawurdidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
andawurdidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
andawurdidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
andawurdidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
andawurdidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
andawurdidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
andawurdidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
andawurdidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
andawurdidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
andawurdijandz (active participle present)
andawurdidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *andawurdijan
Old English: andwirdan, andwyrdan; andweardian (< andiwerdōn)
Middle English: andwurden
Old Frisian: *antwerda, *antwerdia (< andiwerdōn?)
Saterland Frisian: oantwoudje
West Frisian: antwurdzje
Old Saxon: andwurdian, andwordian, andwordan
Middle Low German: antwurden, antworden
Plautdietsch: antwuaten
→ Polabian: antvardĕt
Old Dutch: antworden
Middle Dutch: antworden
Dutch: antwoorden
Limburgish: antjwäörje
Old High German: antwurten
Middle High German: antwurten
Cimbrian: aanbórtan
German: antworten
Luxembourgish: äntweren
Yiddish: ענטפֿערן (entfern)

Gothic: 𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍅𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌽 (andwaurdjan) (< andiwurdijaną?)

/*andiwerdōną


bigrabaną

bigrabō (active first-person indicative singular)
bigrabaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
bigrabai (first-person indicative passive singular)
bigrabizi (active indicative second-person singular)
bigrabaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
bigrab (active imperative second-person singular)
bigrabazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
bigrabaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
bigrabidi (active indicative singular third-person)
bigrabai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
bigrabadau (active imperative singular third-person)
bigrabadai (indicative passive singular third-person)
bigrabaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
bigrabōz (active dual first-person indicative)
bigrabaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
bigrabadiz (active dual indicative second-person)
bigrabaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
bigrabadiz (active dual imperative second-person)
bigrabamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
bigrabaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
bigrabandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
bigrabaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
bigrabid (active indicative plural second-person)
bigrabaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
bigrabid (active imperative plural second-person)
bigrabandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
bigrabaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
bigrabandi (active indicative plural third-person)
bigrabain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
bigrabandau (active imperative plural third-person)
bigrabandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
bigrabaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
bigrōb (active first-person indicative singular)
bigrōbį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
bigrōft (active indicative second-person singular)
bigrōbīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
bigrōb (active indicative singular third-person)
bigrōbī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
bigrōbū (active dual first-person indicative)
bigrōbīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
bigrōbudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
bigrōbīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
bigrōbum (active first-person indicative plural)
bigrōbīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
bigrōbud (active indicative plural second-person)
bigrōbīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
bigrōbun (active indicative plural third-person)
bigrōbīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
bigrabandz (active participle present)
bigrabanaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Old English: begrafan
Middle English: begraven
English: begrave
Scots: begrave

Old Frisian: begreva

Saterland Frisian: begreeuwe

West Frisian: begrave

Old Saxon: bigravan
Middle Low German: begrāven
Dutch Low Saxon: begraven
German Low German: begrawen
Plautdietsch: begrowen
→ West Frisian: begrave
→ Norwegian: begrave
→ Swedish: begrava
→ Danish: begrave
→ Elfdalian: bigråvå
→ Gutnish: bigrav', begrav', begrave, bigrave

Old Dutch: bigravan
Middle Dutch: begrāven
Dutch: begraven
Afrikaans: begrawe, begraaf
Berbice Creole Dutch: bugrafu
Jersey Dutch: bexrâve
Negerhollands: begraaf, begraev, graav, graav na
Limburgish: begrave, begroave

Old High German: bigraban

Middle High German: begraben

Cimbrian: bograaban

German: begraben

Luxembourgish: begruewen

Vilamovian: bygrōwa

Yiddish: באַגראָבן (bagrobn)

Gothic: 𐌱𐌹𐌲𐍂𐌰𐌱𐌰𐌽 (bigraban)


uba-

Old High German: ob-, oba-

Old Norse: of-

Gothic: 𐌿𐍆- (uf-)


twifōtijaz

*twifōtijaz (ja-stem)

twifōtijaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
twifōtijai (masculine nominative plural strong)
twifōtijō (feminine nominative singular strong)
twifōtijôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
twifōtiją (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
twifōtijō (neuter nominative plural strong)
twifōtijanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
twifōtijanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
twifōtijǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
twifōtijōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
twifōtiją (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
twifōtijō (accusative neuter plural strong)
twifōtijas (genitive masculine singular strong)
-īs (genitive masculine singular strong)
twifōtijaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
twifōtijaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
twifōtijaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
twifōtijas (genitive neuter singular strong)
-īs (genitive neuter singular strong)
twifōtijaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
twifōtijammai (dative masculine singular strong)
twifōtijaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
twifōtijaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
twifōtijaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
twifōtijammai (dative neuter singular strong)
twifōtijaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
twifōtijanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
twifōtijaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
twifōtijaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
twifōtijaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
twifōtijanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
twifōtijaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
twifōtijô (masculine nominative singular weak)
twifōtijaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
twifōtijǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
twifōtijōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
twifōtijô (neuter nominative singular weak)
twifōtijōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
twifōtijanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
twifōtijanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
twifōtijōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
twifōtijōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
twifōtijô (accusative neuter singular weak)
twifōtijōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
twifōtīniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
twifōtijanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
twifōtijōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
twifōtijōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
twifōtīniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
twifōtijanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
twifōtīni (dative masculine singular weak)
twifōtijammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
twifōtijōni (dative feminine singular weak)
twifōtijōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
twifōtīni (dative neuter singular weak)
twifōtijammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
twifōtīnē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
twifōtijammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
twifōtijōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
twifōtijōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
twifōtīnē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
twifōtijammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

Proto-West Germanic: *twifōtī

Old English: twifēte

Old High German: zwifuozi (attested once)

Old Norse: tvífœttr (< *twifōtidaz)

Icelandic: tvífættur

From Proto-Indo-European *dwípōds, equivalent to *twi- + *fōts.


feþur-

Old English: fiþer-

Old Norse: fer-

Icelandic: fer-

Danish: fjer-

Gothic: 𐍆𐌹𐌳𐌿𐍂- (fidur-)

From pre-Germanic *kʷétwr̥-, probably resegmented as *kʷétur-, combining form of Proto-Indo-European *kʷetwóres.