saukijaną

saukijō (active first-person indicative singular)
saukijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
saukijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
saukīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
saukijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
saukī (active imperative second-person singular)
saukijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
saukijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
saukīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
saukijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
saukijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
saukijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
saukijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
saukijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
saukijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
saukijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
saukijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
saukijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
saukijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
saukijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
saukijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
saukijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
saukīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
saukijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
saukīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
saukijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
saukijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
saukijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
saukijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
saukijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
saukijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
saukijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
saukidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
saukidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
saukidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
saukidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
saukidē (active indicative singular third-person)
saukidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
saukidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
saukidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
saukidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
saukidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
saukidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
saukidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
saukidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
saukidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
saukidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
saukidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
saukijandz (active participle present)
saukidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *saukijan
Old English: *sīeċan, sȳċan, sīċan
Middle English: seken
Old Dutch: *sōken
Middle Dutch: sôken
Dutch: zoken (dialectal)


starbijaną

starbijō (active first-person indicative singular)
starbijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
starbijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
starbīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
starbijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
starbī (active imperative second-person singular)
starbijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
starbijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
starbīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
starbijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
starbijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
starbijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
starbijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
starbijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
starbijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
starbijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
starbijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
starbijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
starbijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
starbijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
starbijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
starbijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
starbīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
starbijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
starbīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
starbijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
starbijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
starbijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
starbijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
starbijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
starbijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
starbijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
starbidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
starbidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
starbidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
starbidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
starbidē (active indicative singular third-person)
starbidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
starbidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
starbidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
starbidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
starbidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
starbidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
starbidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
starbidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
starbidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
starbidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
starbidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
starbijandz (active participle present)
starbidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *starbijan
Old English: *stierfan
⇒ Old English: āstierfan
Old Saxon: *sterven
Middle Low German: sterven
Old High German: *sterben
Middle High German: sterben
⇒ Old High German: irsterben


spalkijaną

spalkijō (active first-person indicative singular)
spalkijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
spalkijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
spalkīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
spalkijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
spalkī (active imperative second-person singular)
spalkijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
spalkijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
spalkīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
spalkijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
spalkijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
spalkijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
spalkijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
spalkijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
spalkijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
spalkijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
spalkijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
spalkijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
spalkijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
spalkijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
spalkijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
spalkijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
spalkīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
spalkijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
spalkīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
spalkijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
spalkijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
spalkijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
spalkijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
spalkijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
spalkijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
spalkijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
spalkidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
spalkidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
spalkidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
spalkidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
spalkidē (active indicative singular third-person)
spalkidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
spalkidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
spalkidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
spalkidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
spalkidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
spalkidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
spalkidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
spalkidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
spalkidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
spalkidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
spalkidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
spalkijandz (active participle present)
spalkidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *spalkijan
Old English: spelcan, spilcan
Middle English: spelken, spilken
Old Dutch: *spelken
Middle Dutch: *spelken
Dutch: spelken (West Flemish)
⇒ Middle Dutch: afspelken

Old Norse: spelkja

Icelandic: spelkja

From *spalk- (“splint, cleft”) + *-janą.


staigijaną

staigijō (active first-person indicative singular)
staigijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
staigijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
staigīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
staigijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
staigī (active imperative second-person singular)
staigijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
staigijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
staigīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
staigijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
staigijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
staigijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
staigijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
staigijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
staigijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
staigijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
staigijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
staigijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
staigijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
staigijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
staigijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
staigijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
staigīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
staigijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
staigīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
staigijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
staigijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
staigijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
staigijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
staigijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
staigijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
staigijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
staigidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
staigidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
staigidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
staigidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
staigidē (active indicative singular third-person)
staigidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
staigidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
staigidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
staigidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
staigidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
staigidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
staigidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
staigidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
staigidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
staigidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
staigidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
staigijandz (active participle present)
staigidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *staigijan
Old English: *stǣgan
⇒ Old English: āstǣgan
Old Dutch: *steigen
Middle Dutch: steigen
Dutch: steigen (Southern dialects)
Old High German: *steigen
Middle High German: steigen


pundijaną

pundijō (active first-person indicative singular)
pundijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
pundijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
pundīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
pundijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
pundī (active imperative second-person singular)
pundijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
pundijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
pundīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
pundijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
pundijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
pundijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
pundijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
pundijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
pundijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
pundijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
pundijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
pundijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
pundijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
pundijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
pundijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
pundijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
pundīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
pundijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
pundīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
pundijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
pundijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
pundijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
pundijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
pundijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
pundijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
pundijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
pundidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
pundidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
pundidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
pundidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
pundidē (active indicative singular third-person)
pundidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
pundidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
pundidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
pundidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
pundidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
pundidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
pundidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
pundidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
pundidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
pundidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
pundidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
pundijandz (active participle present)
pundidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *pundijan
Old English: *pyndan
Middle English: pynden, pende, peynde, poyne, puinde, pynde (coalesced with descendant of ġepyndan)
English: pind (dialectal)
Middle Scots: poynd, puynd
Scots: pund, puind, poind, pynd, pind
→ English: poind
→ Old Norse: pynda
Icelandic: pynda, pynta
Old Frisian: *penda
⇒ Old Frisian: bipenda (“to lock up, make inaccessible”)


swiknijaną

swiknijō (active first-person indicative singular)
swiknijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
swiknijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
swiknīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
swiknijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
swiknī (active imperative second-person singular)
swiknijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
swiknijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
swiknīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
swiknijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
swiknijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
swiknijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
swiknijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
swiknijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
swiknijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
swiknijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
swiknijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
swiknijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
swiknijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
swiknijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
swiknijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
swiknijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
swiknīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
swiknijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
swiknīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
swiknijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
swiknijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
swiknijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
swiknijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
swiknijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
swiknijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
swiknijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
swiknidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
swiknidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
swiknidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
swiknidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
swiknidē (active indicative singular third-person)
swiknidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
swiknidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
swiknidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
swiknidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
swiknidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
swiknidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
swiknidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
swiknidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
swiknidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
swiknidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
swiknidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
swiknijandz (active participle present)
swiknidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *swiknijan
Old English: swicnan

Gothic: *𐍃𐍅𐌹𐌺𐌽𐌾𐌰𐌽 (*swiknjan)

⇒ Gothic: 𐍃𐍅𐌹𐌺𐌽𐌴𐌹𐌽𐍃 (swikneins)

From *swiknaz (“pure, innocent”) + *-janą.


dilō

dilō (nominative singular)
dilôz (nominative plural)
dilō (singular vocative)
dilôz (plural vocative)
dilǭ (accusative singular)
dilōz (accusative plural)
dilōz (genitive singular)
dilǫ̂ (genitive plural)
dilōi (dative singular)
dilōmaz (dative plural)
dilō (instrumental singular)
dilōmiz (instrumental plural)

Proto-West Germanic: *dilu

Old English: delu

Old High German: tila, tilla; tili, tilli

Old Norse: *dilr, *dill (< *dilaz)

Swedish: del m (dialectal)

⇒ Old Norse: dilkr

Icelandic: dilkur

From Proto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁(y)- (“to suckle, nurse”).


selkaną

selkō (active first-person indicative singular)
selkaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
selkai (first-person indicative passive singular)
silkizi (active indicative second-person singular)
selkaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
selk (active imperative second-person singular)
selkazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
selkaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
silkidi (active indicative singular third-person)
selkai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
selkadau (active imperative singular third-person)
selkadai (indicative passive singular third-person)
selkaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
selkōz (active dual first-person indicative)
selkaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
selkadiz (active dual indicative second-person)
selkaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
selkadiz (active dual imperative second-person)
selkamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
selkaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
selkandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
selkaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
silkid (active indicative plural second-person)
selkaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
silkid (active imperative plural second-person)
selkandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
selkaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
selkandi (active indicative plural third-person)
selkain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
selkandau (active imperative plural third-person)
selkandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
selkaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
salk (active first-person indicative singular)
sulkį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
salht (active indicative second-person singular)
sulkīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
salk (active indicative singular third-person)
sulkī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
sulkū (active dual first-person indicative)
sulkīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
sulkudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
sulkīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
sulkum (active first-person indicative plural)
sulkīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
sulkud (active indicative plural second-person)
sulkīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
sulkun (active indicative plural third-person)
sulkīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
selkandz (active participle present)
sulkanaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *selkan
Old English: *seolcan
⇒ Old English: āseolcan (“to be slow; be weak or slothful; languish”)
⇒ Old English: *beseolcan
⇒ Old English: besolcen (past participle)
⇒ Old English: *solcen, *ġesolcen (past participle)
Middle English: *solken, *solke
⇒ English: sulky (“limp, droopy”)
⇒ English: sulk (verb) (back-formation)
⇒ Scots: sulk (verb) (back-formation)
Old High German: *selkan
Middle High German: selken
⇒ Middle High German: verselken, versëlken
⇒ Old High German: irselkan
⇒ Old High German: giselkēn
⇒ Old High German: selkenēn

From Proto-Indo-European *selǵ- (“to let go, send”), Cognate with Sanskrit सृजति (sṛjáti, “to send off, discharge”).


ūtijaną

ūtijō (active first-person indicative singular)
ūtijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
ūtijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
ūtīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
ūtijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
ūtī (active imperative second-person singular)
ūtijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
ūtijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
ūtīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
ūtijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
ūtijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
ūtijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
ūtijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
ūtijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
ūtijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
ūtijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
ūtijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
ūtijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
ūtijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
ūtijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
ūtijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
ūtijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
ūtīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
ūtijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
ūtīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
ūtijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
ūtijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
ūtijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
ūtijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
ūtijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
ūtijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
ūtijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
ūtidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
ūtidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
ūtidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
ūtidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
ūtidē (active indicative singular third-person)
ūtidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
ūtidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
ūtidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
ūtidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
ūtidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
ūtidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
ūtidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
ūtidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
ūtidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
ūtidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
ūtidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
ūtijandz (active participle present)
ūtidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *ūtijan
Old English: ȳtan

Old Norse: ýta

Icelandic: ýta


maitijaną

maitijō (active first-person indicative singular)
maitijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
maitijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
maitīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
maitijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
maitī (active imperative second-person singular)
maitijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
maitijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
maitīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
maitijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
maitijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
maitijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
maitijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
maitijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
maitijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
maitijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
maitijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
maitijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
maitijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
maitijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
maitijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
maitijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
maitīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
maitijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
maitīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
maitijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
maitijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
maitijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
maitijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
maitijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
maitijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
maitijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
maitidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
maitidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
maitidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
maitidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
maitidē (active indicative singular third-person)
maitidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
maitidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
maitidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
maitidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
maitidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
maitidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
maitidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
maitidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
maitidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
maitidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
maitidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
maitijandz (active participle present)
maitidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *maitijan

desc

Old English: *mǣtan, mētan (“to draw, paint”)

Middle English: meten (“to paint, sculpt, design”)

Old High German: *meizen

⇒ Old High German: firmeizen (wk vb)

Middle High German: vermeizen

⇒ Old High German: abafirmeizen (wk vb)

Old Norse: meita (through confluence with *maitaną)

Icelandic: meita

Norwegian: meita

Swedish: meta


spurnijaną

spurnijō (active first-person indicative singular)
spurnijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
spurnijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
spurnīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
spurnijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
spurnī (active imperative second-person singular)
spurnijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
spurnijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
spurnīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
spurnijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
spurnijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
spurnijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
spurnijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
spurnijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
spurnijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
spurnijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
spurnijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
spurnijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
spurnijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
spurnijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
spurnijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
spurnijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
spurnīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
spurnijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
spurnīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
spurnijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
spurnijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
spurnijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
spurnijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
spurnijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
spurnijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
spurnijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
spurnidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
spurnidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
spurnidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
spurnidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
spurnidē (active indicative singular third-person)
spurnidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
spurnidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
spurnidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
spurnidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
spurnidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
spurnidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
spurnidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
spurnidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
spurnidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
spurnidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
spurnidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
spurnijandz (active participle present)
spurnidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *spurnijan
Old English: spyrnan
Middle English: spirnen, spernen
Old Dutch: *spurnen
⇒ Old Dutch: witherspurnen
Old High German: spurnen
Middle High German: spürnen

Old Norse: spyrna

Icelandic: spyrna

Closely related to the strong verb *spurnaną.


bakaburdaz

bakaburdaz (nominative singular)
bakaburdōz (nominative plural)
bakaburdōs (nominative plural)
bakaburd (singular vocative)
bakaburdōz (plural vocative)
bakaburdōs (plural vocative)
bakaburdą (accusative singular)
bakaburdanz (accusative plural)
bakaburdas (genitive singular)
bakaburdis (genitive singular)
bakaburdǫ̂ (genitive plural)
bakaburdai (dative singular)
bakaburdamaz (dative plural)
bakaburdō (instrumental singular)
bakaburdamiz (instrumental plural)

Proto-West Germanic: *bakabord

Old English: bæcbord

Middle English: *bakbord (unattested in Middle English)

i

English: backboard (possibly reborrowed from Low German or Dutch)

Scots: backburd

Old Saxon: *bakbord

Middle Low German: backbort, bakbōrt

German Low German: Backboord

→ Saterland Frisian: Bakboud

→ West Frisian: bakboard

→ Middle Dutch: *bakbord

Dutch: bakboord

→ Middle French: babort

→ French: bâbord

→ Italian: babordo

→ Spanish: babor

→ Portuguese: babordo, bombordo

→ Scots: baburd, babord

→ German: Backbord

Old Norse: bakborð; bakborði

Icelandic: bakborði

Faroese: bakborð

Norwegian: bakbord

Swedish: babord

Danish: bagbord

From *baką + *burdaz, a variant of Proto-Germanic *burdą (“board”). So named as the steersman's back is toward this side of the vessel when facing the fore.


samnungō

samnungō (nominative singular)
samnungôz (nominative plural)
samnungō (singular vocative)
samnungôz (plural vocative)
samnungǭ (accusative singular)
samnungōz (accusative plural)
samnungōz (genitive singular)
samnungǫ̂ (genitive plural)
samnungōi (dative singular)
samnungōmaz (dative plural)
samnungō (instrumental singular)
samnungōmiz (instrumental plural)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *samnungu
Old English: samnung, somnung
Middle English: samnung, samninge, samnyng, sampninge, somnunge, sompnunge
Old Saxon: samnunga
Middle Low German: samninge, sameninge
Old Dutch: samnunga
Old High German: samanunga
Middle High German: samenunge

Old Norse: samning

Icelandic: samning


rēfaz

rēfaz (nominative singular)
rēfizō (nominative plural)
rēfaz (singular vocative)
rēfizō (plural vocative)
rēfaz (accusative singular)
rēfizō (accusative plural)
rēfiziz (genitive singular)
rēfizǫ̂ (genitive plural)
rēfizi (dative singular)
rēfizumaz (dative plural)
rēfizē (instrumental singular)
rēfizumiz (instrumental plural)

Old Norse: ráfr, ræfr, rjáfr, ráf

Icelandic: rjáfur, ræfur

Faroese: rævur

Norwegian Nynorsk: råv, ræve

(North Germanic) rafters, inside of a roof


hamfaz

*hamfaz (a-stem)

hamfaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
hamfai (masculine nominative plural strong)
hamfō (feminine nominative singular strong)
hamfôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
hamfą (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
hamfō (neuter nominative plural strong)
hamfanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
hamfanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
hamfǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
hamfōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
hamfą (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
hamfō (accusative neuter plural strong)
hamfas (genitive masculine singular strong)
-is (genitive masculine singular strong)
hamfaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
hamfaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
hamfaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
hamfas (genitive neuter singular strong)
-is (genitive neuter singular strong)
hamfaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
hamfammai (dative masculine singular strong)
hamfaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
hamfaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
hamfaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
hamfammai (dative neuter singular strong)
hamfaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
hamfanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
hamfaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
hamfaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
hamfaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
hamfanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
hamfaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
hamfô (masculine nominative singular weak)
hamfaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
hamfǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
hamfōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
hamfô (neuter nominative singular weak)
hamfōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
hamfanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
hamfanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
hamfōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
hamfōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
hamfô (accusative neuter singular weak)
hamfōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
hamfiniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
hamfanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
hamfōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
hamfōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
hamfiniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
hamfanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
hamfini (dative masculine singular weak)
hamfammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
hamfōni (dative feminine singular weak)
hamfōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
hamfini (dative neuter singular weak)
hamfammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
hamfinē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
hamfammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
hamfōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
hamfōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
hamfinē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
hamfammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

Proto-West Germanic: *hamf
Old Saxon: hāf
Old High German: hamf

Gothic: 𐌷𐌰𐌼𐍆𐍃 (hamfs)

Possibly, via an earlier sense “bent (out of shape), crooked”, from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning “to bend, curve”, but the reconstruction is disputed:
* *kámpos (“bent, curved”), whence perhaps also Latin campus (“field”) and Proto-Slavic *kǫpъ ~ *kǫpa (“hill, island ~ clump, thicket; tassel”), apparently extended in *-p- from a root *kam-: compare Latin camur (“curved, bent, crooked”), Sanskrit क्मरति (kmárati, “to be curved”) (< *kam-er-);
* *kómpos (id.), from a root *kemp-: compare Latvian kùmpt (“to be(come) bent”), Lithuanian kum̃pas (“curved”), Proto-Celtic *kambos (“twisted, crooked, bent, curved”) and possibly Proto-Germanic *huppōną (“to turn back, retreat”).
In either case, considered cognate with Lithuanian kam̃pas (“corner”), Ancient Greek κάμπτω (kámptō, “to bend, bow, curve”) and Ancient Greek καμπή (kampḗ, “bend”). Derksen, maintaining the former etymology, supposes the u-vocalism of Lithuanian kum̃p- is secondary.


-wintruz

-wintruz (masculine nominative singular strong)
-wintrijai (masculine nominative plural strong)
-wintrī (feminine nominative singular strong)
-wintrijôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
-wintrų (neuter nominative singular strong)
-jatō (neuter nominative singular strong)
-wintrijō (neuter nominative plural strong)
-wintrijanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
-wintrijanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
-wintrijǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
-wintrijōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
-wintrų (accusative neuter singular strong)
-jatō (accusative neuter singular strong)
-wintrijō (accusative neuter plural strong)
-wintrijas (genitive masculine singular strong)
-wintrīs (genitive masculine singular strong)
-wintrijaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
-wintrijaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
-wintrijaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
-wintrijas (genitive neuter singular strong)
-wintrīs (genitive neuter singular strong)
-wintrijaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
-wintrijammai (dative masculine singular strong)
-wintrijaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
-wintrijaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
-wintrijaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
-wintrijammai (dative neuter singular strong)
-wintrijaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
-wintrijanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
-wintrijaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
-wintrijaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
-wintrijaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
-wintrijanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
-wintrijaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
-wintrijô (masculine nominative singular weak)
-wintrijaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
-wintrijǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
-wintrijōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
-wintrijô (neuter nominative singular weak)
-wintrijōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
-wintrijanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
-wintrijanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
-wintrijōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
-wintrijōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
-wintrijô (accusative neuter singular weak)
-wintrijōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
-wintrīniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
-wintrijanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
-wintrijōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
-wintrijōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
-wintrīniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
-wintrijanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
-wintrīni (dative masculine singular weak)
-wintrijammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
-wintrijōni (dative feminine singular weak)
-wintrijōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
-wintrīni (dative neuter singular weak)
-wintrijammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
-wintrīnē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
-wintrijammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
-wintrijōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
-wintrijōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
-wintrīnē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
-wintrijammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

Proto-West Germanic: *-wintrī

Old English: -wintre

Middle English: -winter

desctree

Old Norse: -vetr
Icelandic: -vetur
Norwegian Nynorsk: -vet m (in tvivet, tovet)

Gothic: -𐍅𐌹𐌽𐍄𐍂𐌿𐍃 (-wintrus)

Derived from the noun *wintruz (“winter, year”).


twalifwintruz

twalifwintruz (masculine nominative singular strong)
twalifwintrijai (masculine nominative plural strong)
twalifwintrī (feminine nominative singular strong)
twalifwintrijôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
twalifwintrų (neuter nominative singular strong)
-jatō (neuter nominative singular strong)
twalifwintrijō (neuter nominative plural strong)
twalifwintrijanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
twalifwintrijanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
twalifwintrijǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
twalifwintrijōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
twalifwintrų (accusative neuter singular strong)
-jatō (accusative neuter singular strong)
twalifwintrijō (accusative neuter plural strong)
twalifwintrijas (genitive masculine singular strong)
twalifwintrīs (genitive masculine singular strong)
twalifwintrijaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
twalifwintrijaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
twalifwintrijaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
twalifwintrijas (genitive neuter singular strong)
twalifwintrīs (genitive neuter singular strong)
twalifwintrijaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
twalifwintrijammai (dative masculine singular strong)
twalifwintrijaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
twalifwintrijaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
twalifwintrijaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
twalifwintrijammai (dative neuter singular strong)
twalifwintrijaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
twalifwintrijanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
twalifwintrijaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
twalifwintrijaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
twalifwintrijaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
twalifwintrijanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
twalifwintrijaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
twalifwintrijô (masculine nominative singular weak)
twalifwintrijaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
twalifwintrijǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
twalifwintrijōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
twalifwintrijô (neuter nominative singular weak)
twalifwintrijōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
twalifwintrijanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
twalifwintrijanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
twalifwintrijōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
twalifwintrijōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
twalifwintrijô (accusative neuter singular weak)
twalifwintrijōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
twalifwintrīniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
twalifwintrijanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
twalifwintrijōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
twalifwintrijōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
twalifwintrīniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
twalifwintrijanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
twalifwintrīni (dative masculine singular weak)
twalifwintrijammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
twalifwintrijōni (dative feminine singular weak)
twalifwintrijōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
twalifwintrīni (dative neuter singular weak)
twalifwintrijammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
twalifwintrīnē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
twalifwintrijammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
twalifwintrijōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
twalifwintrijōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
twalifwintrīnē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
twalifwintrijammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

Proto-West Germanic: *twalifwintrī

Old English: twelfwintre

Old Norse: tolfvetr

desc

𐍄𐍅𐌰𐌻𐌹𐌱𐍅𐌹𐌽𐍄𐍂𐌿𐍃

Gothic: 𐍄𐍅𐌰𐌻𐌹𐌱𐍅𐌹𐌽𐍄𐍂𐌿𐍃 (twalibwintrus)


þurnuz

þurnuz (nominative singular)
þurniwiz (nominative plural)
þurnu (singular vocative)
þurniwiz (plural vocative)
þurnų (accusative singular)
þurnunz (accusative plural)
þurnauz (genitive singular)
þurniwǫ̂ (genitive plural)
þurniwi (dative singular)
þurnumaz (dative plural)
þurnū (instrumental singular)
þurnumiz (instrumental plural)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *þornu
Old Saxon: thorniun (dative plural)
Old Dutch: thorni (nominative plural)
Old High German: dornin, dornen (dative plural)

Gothic: 𐌸𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌽𐌿𐍃 (þaurnus)

A u-stem reformation of inherited *þurnaz.


sterbô

sterbô (nominative singular)
sterbaniz (nominative plural)
sterbô (singular vocative)
sterbaniz (plural vocative)
sterbanų (accusative singular)
sterbanunz (accusative plural)
stirbiniz (genitive singular)
sterbanǫ̂ (genitive plural)
stirbini (dative singular)
sterbammaz (dative plural)
stirbinē (instrumental singular)
sterbammiz (instrumental plural)

Proto-West Germanic: *sterbō
Old English: steorfa
Middle English: steorve, steorfa, storve, sterve (early)
Old Saxon: *stervo
Middle Low German: sterve, starve
Old High German: sterbo
Middle High German: sterbe

Old Norse: stjarfi

Icelandic: stjarfi

Old Swedish: starvi


werkadagaz

gem-decl-noun-table

*werkadagaz (a-stem)

werkadagaz (nominative singular)
werkadagōz (nominative plural)
-ōs (nominative plural)
werkadag (singular vocative)
werkadagōz (plural vocative)
-ōs (plural vocative)
werkadagą (accusative singular)
werkadaganz (accusative plural)
werkadagas (genitive singular)
-is (genitive singular)
werkadagǫ̂ (genitive plural)
werkadagai (dative singular)
werkadagamaz (dative plural)
werkadagō (instrumental singular)
werkadagamiz (instrumental plural)

Proto-West Germanic: *werkadag

Old English: weorcdæġ

Middle English: werkday

English: workday

Old High German: werctag

Middle High German: werctag

German: Werktag

Old Norse: verkdagr


gerugaz

gerugaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
gerugai (masculine nominative plural strong)
gerugō (feminine nominative singular strong)
gerugôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
gerugą (neuter nominative singular strong)
-at (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
gerugō (neuter nominative plural strong)
geruganǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
geruganz (accusative masculine plural strong)
gerugǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
gerugōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
gerugą (accusative neuter singular strong)
-at (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
gerugō (accusative neuter plural strong)
gerugas (genitive masculine singular strong)
gerugis (genitive masculine singular strong)
gerugaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
gerugaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
gerugaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
gerugas (genitive neuter singular strong)
gerugis (genitive neuter singular strong)
gerugaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
gerugammai (dative masculine singular strong)
gerugaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
gerugaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
gerugaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
gerugammai (dative neuter singular strong)
gerugaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
geruganō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
gerugaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
gerugaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
gerugaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
geruganō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
gerugaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
gerugô (masculine nominative singular weak)
geruganiz (masculine nominative plural weak)
gerugǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
gerugōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
gerugô (neuter nominative singular weak)
gerugōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
geruganų (accusative masculine singular weak)
geruganunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
gerugōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
gerugōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
gerugô (accusative neuter singular weak)
gerugōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
geruginiz (genitive masculine singular weak)
geruganǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
gerugōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
gerugōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
geruginiz (genitive neuter singular weak)
geruganǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
gerugini (dative masculine singular weak)
gerugammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
gerugōni (dative feminine singular weak)
gerugōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
gerugini (dative neuter singular weak)
gerugammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
geruginē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
gerugammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
gerugōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
gerugōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
geruginē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
gerugammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

Proto-West Germanic: *girīg, *gerag

Old Frisian: girich, jirich

North Frisian: gierig

Saterland Frisian: gierich

West Frisian: gjirrich

Old Saxon: gerag, *girīg

Middle Low German: gērich, gīrich

German Low German: gierig

Old Dutch: gireg

Middle Dutch: gireg, girech

Dutch: gierig

Afrikaans: gierig

Old High German: girīg, gerag

desc

Middle High German: giric, girich, girech

German: gierig

Old Norse: *gerugr, *girugr

Old Swedish: girugher

Swedish: girig

From *geruz (“desire, greed”) + *-gaz, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰer- (“to desire, like”).


regnawatōr

Proto-West Germanic: *regnawatar

desctree

Old English: reġnwæter, rēnwæter
Middle English: rein water, reyn water, reyne water, rayne water, rayn water
English: rainwater

Old Frisian: *reinweter

West Frisian: reinwetter

Old Saxon: *reganwater

Middle Low German: *regenwāter

Plautdietsch: Räajenwota

Old Dutch: *reganwatar

Middle Dutch: regenwater

Dutch: regenwater

Old High German: reganwazar

Middle High German: rëgenwaȥȥer

German: Regenwasser

desc

רעגן־וואַסער

Yiddish: רעגן־וואַסער (regn-vaser)

Old Norse: regnvatn

Icelandic: regnvatn

Norwegian: regnvann

Swedish: regnvatten

Danish: regnvand

Compound of *regną (“rain”) + *watōr (“water”).


brunnaz

brunnaz (nominative singular)
brunnōz (nominative plural)
brunnōs (nominative plural)
brunn (singular vocative)
brunnōz (plural vocative)
brunnōs (plural vocative)
brunną (accusative singular)
brunnanz (accusative plural)
brunnas (genitive singular)
brunnis (genitive singular)
brunnǫ̂ (genitive plural)
brunnai (dative singular)
brunnamaz (dative plural)
brunnō (instrumental singular)
brunnamiz (instrumental plural)


gadô

gem-decl-noun-table

*gadô (an-stem)

gadô (nominative singular)
gadaniz (nominative plural)
gadô (singular vocative)
gadaniz (plural vocative)
gadanų (accusative singular)
gadanunz (accusative plural)
gadiniz (genitive singular)
gadanǫ̂ (genitive plural)
gadini (dative singular)
gadammaz (dative plural)
gadinē (instrumental singular)
gadammiz (instrumental plural)

Proto-West Germanic: *gadō

Old English: gada

Middle English: gade

English: gad

Old Frisian: gada

North Frisian: gaade, gåde

West Frisian: geade

Old Saxon: *gado

Middle Low German: gade, gāde

Old Dutch: *gado

Middle Dutch: gade

Dutch: gade

Old High German: *gato

Middle High German: gate, gat

German: Gatte

From Proto-Indo-European *gʰedʰ- (“to join, unite”).


mēkijas agjō

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *mākijas aggju
Old English: mǣċes eċġ
Old Saxon: mākies eggia

Old Norse: mækis egg

From *mēkijaz + *agjō. The phrase may well have originated in a later Germanic language and spread to the others through diffusion during late Antiquity or the early Middle Ages, meaning the term needs not necessarily have existed in Proto-Germanic.


Haþuwulfaz

Haþuwulfaz (nominative singular)
Haþuwulf (singular vocative)
Haþuwulfą (accusative singular)
Haþuwulfai (dative singular)
Haþuwulfō (instrumental singular)

Old English: Heaðuwulf

Old High German: Haduwolf, Hathowulf

desc

Proto-Norse: ᚺᛡᚦᚢᚹᛟᛚᛡᚠᛦ (hᴀþuwolᴀfʀ /Haþuwolᵃfʀ/), ᚺᛡᚦᚢᚹᚢᛚᚨᚠᛉ (hᴀþuwulafʀ /Haþuwulᵃfʀ/)

Old Norse: *Hǫðulfr, Hǫlfr, >? Hálfr

Norwegian: Hodolv, Hodulv, Hålv

→ Middle English: Hathulf

From *haþuz (“battle, fight”) + *wulfaz (“wolf”).


waswǭ

waswǭ (nominative singular)
waswōniz (nominative plural)
waswǭ (singular vocative)
waswōniz (plural vocative)
waswōnų (accusative singular)
waswōnunz (accusative plural)
waswōniz (genitive singular)
waswōnǫ̂ (genitive plural)
waswōni (dative singular)
waswōmaz (dative plural)
waswōnē (instrumental singular)
waswōmiz (instrumental plural)

Proto-West Germanic: *wasā

Old Saxon: *wasa

Middle Low German: wase

Low German: wase

⇒ Old Saxon: *wasika

Middle Low German: wēseke, wesche

⇒ Old Saxon: *wasikīn

Middle Low German: wēseken

Old Dutch: *wasa

Middle Dutch: wase

Dutch: wasse, waze (obsolete)

Old High German: wasa

Middle High German: wase

⇒ Old High German: wasūnkind (“cousin”)

desc

⇒ Old High German: wasūnsunu (“male cousin”)

mōdrijā

*mōdrijǭ (“maternal aunt”); Proto-West Germanic

mōijā

*mōijǭ (“maternal aunt”); Proto-West Germanic

mōmā

*mōmǭ (“maternal aunt, nurse”); Proto-West Germanic


hringōną

hringō (active first-person indicative singular)
hringǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
hringōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
hringōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
hringōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
hringō (active imperative second-person singular)
hringōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
hringōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
hringōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
hringō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
hringōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
hringōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
hringōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
hringōs (active dual first-person indicative)
hringōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
hringōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
hringōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
hringōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
hringōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
hringōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
hringōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
hringōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
hringōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
hringōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
hringōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
hringōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
hringōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
hringōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
hringōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
hringōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
hringōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
hringōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
hringōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
hringōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
hringōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
hringōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
hringōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
hringōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
hringōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
hringōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
hringōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
hringōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
hringōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
hringōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
hringōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
hringōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
hringōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
hringōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
hringōndz (active participle present)
hringōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *hringōn
Old English: hringian
Middle English: ringen
English: ring
Old Frisian: *hringia
West Frisian: ringje
Old Saxon: *hringon
Middle Low German: ringen
Old Dutch: *ringon
Middle Dutch: ringen, ringhen
Dutch: ringen
Old High German: ringōn
Middle High German: ringen

Old Norse: hringa

Icelandic: hringa

From *hringaz (“a ring, a circle”) + *-ōną.


stabnijaną

stabnijō (active first-person indicative singular)
stabnijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
stabnijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
stabnīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
stabnijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
stabnī (active imperative second-person singular)
stabnijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
stabnijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
stabnīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
stabnijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
stabnijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
stabnijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
stabnijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
stabnijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
stabnijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
stabnijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
stabnijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
stabnijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
stabnijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
stabnijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
stabnijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
stabnijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
stabnīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
stabnijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
stabnīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
stabnijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
stabnijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
stabnijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
stabnijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
stabnijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
stabnijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
stabnijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
stabnidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
stabnidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
stabnidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
stabnidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
stabnidē (active indicative singular third-person)
stabnidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
stabnidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
stabnidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
stabnidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
stabnidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
stabnidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
stabnidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
stabnidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
stabnidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
stabnidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
stabnidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
stabnijandz (active participle present)
stabnidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *stabnijan
Old English: stemnan, stefnan
Middle English: stemmen, stevenen
Old Frisian: *stemma
West Frisian: stimme
⇒ Old Frisian: tōjēnisstemma
Old Saxon: *stemnian
Middle Low German: stemmen
→ Norwegian: stemme
→ Swedish: stämma
→ Danish: stemme
Old Dutch: *stemnen
Middle Dutch: stemmen
Dutch: stemmen
>? Old High German: *stimmen (< *stibnijan?)
Middle High German: stimmen
German: stimmen
⇒ Old High German: gistimmen

Old Norse: stefna

Icelandic: stefna


stabnijaną

Proto-West Germanic: *stabnijan
Old English: *stefnan
Middle English: stevenen
Old Saxon: *stefnian
Middle Low German: stēvenen, stefnen
Old Dutch: *stefnen
Middle Dutch: *stēvenen
Dutch: stevenen

Old Norse: stefna

Icelandic: stefna

Faroese: stefna

Norwegian:

Norwegian Bokmål: stemne, stevne

Norwegian Nynorsk: stemne, stemna

From *stabnaz (“stem of a ship”) + *-janą.


þranhaz

þranhaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
þranhai (masculine nominative plural strong)
þranhō (feminine nominative singular strong)
þranhôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
þranhą (neuter nominative singular strong)
-at (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
þranhō (neuter nominative plural strong)
þranhanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
þranhanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
þranhǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
þranhōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
þranhą (accusative neuter singular strong)
-at (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
þranhō (accusative neuter plural strong)
þranhas (genitive masculine singular strong)
þranhis (genitive masculine singular strong)
þranhaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
þranhaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
þranhaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
þranhas (genitive neuter singular strong)
þranhis (genitive neuter singular strong)
þranhaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
þranhammai (dative masculine singular strong)
þranhaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
þranhaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
þranhaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
þranhammai (dative neuter singular strong)
þranhaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
þranhanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
þranhaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
þranhaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
þranhaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
þranhanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
þranhaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
þranhô (masculine nominative singular weak)
þranhaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
þranhǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
þranhōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
þranhô (neuter nominative singular weak)
þranhōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
þranhanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
þranhanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
þranhōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
þranhōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
þranhô (accusative neuter singular weak)
þranhōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
þranhiniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
þranhanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
þranhōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
þranhōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
þranhiniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
þranhanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
þranhini (dative masculine singular weak)
þranhammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
þranhōni (dative feminine singular weak)
þranhōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
þranhini (dative neuter singular weak)
þranhammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
þranhinē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
þranhammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
þranhōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
þranhōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
þranhinē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
þranhammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

Proto-West Germanic: *þrą̄h
Old English: þrōh

Old Norse: *þrár

Icelandic: þrár

Faroese: tráur

Norwegian: trå


swaitaną

swaitō (active first-person indicative singular)
swaitaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
swaitai (first-person indicative passive singular)
swaitizi (active indicative second-person singular)
swaitaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
swait (active imperative second-person singular)
swaitazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
swaitaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
swaitidi (active indicative singular third-person)
swaitai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
swaitadau (active imperative singular third-person)
swaitadai (indicative passive singular third-person)
swaitaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
swaitōz (active dual first-person indicative)
swaitaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
swaitadiz (active dual indicative second-person)
swaitaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
swaitadiz (active dual imperative second-person)
swaitamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
swaitaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
swaitandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
swaitaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
swaitid (active indicative plural second-person)
swaitaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
swaitid (active imperative plural second-person)
swaitandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
swaitaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
swaitandi (active indicative plural third-person)
swaitain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
swaitandau (active imperative plural third-person)
swaitandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
swaitaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
sezwait (active first-person indicative singular)
sezwaitį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
sezwaist (active indicative second-person singular)
sezwaitīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
sezwait (active indicative singular third-person)
sezwaitī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
sezwaitū (active dual first-person indicative)
sezwaitīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
sezwaitudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
sezwaitīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
sezwaitum (active first-person indicative plural)
sezwaitīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
sezwaitud (active indicative plural second-person)
sezwaitīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
sezwaitun (active indicative plural third-person)
sezwaitīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
swaitandz (active participle present)
swaitanaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *swaitan

Old Norse: sveiti (“to sweat”)
Icelandic: sveiti, sviti
Faroese: sveiti, sveitti
Norwegian Nynorsk: sveite, sveitte
Norwegian Bokmål: svette
Old Swedish: svēter, svetter; svēte
Swedish: svett
Danish: sved

Gothic: 𐍃𐍅𐌰𐌹𐍄𐌰𐌽 (swaitan)

From Proto-Indo-European *swoyd-e-ti, thematic o-grade present of *sweyd- (“to sweat”).


tunþuz

tunþuz (nominative singular)
tunþiwiz (nominative plural)
tunþu (singular vocative)
tunþiwiz (plural vocative)
tunþų (accusative singular)
tunþunz (accusative plural)
tunþauz (genitive singular)
tunþiwǫ̂ (genitive plural)
tunþiwi (dative singular)
tunþumaz (dative plural)
tunþū (instrumental singular)
tunþumiz (instrumental plural)

Gothic: 𐍄𐌿𐌽𐌸𐌿𐍃 (tunþus)

From Proto-Indo-European *h₃dn̥t-, from *h₃dónts (“tooth”).


Harjabrandaz

Harjabrandaz (nominative singular)
Harjabrand (singular vocative)
Harjabrandą (accusative singular)
Harjabrandai (dative singular)
Harjabrandō (instrumental singular)

Old High German: Heribrant

Old Norse: Herbrandr

Faroese: Herbrandur

Icelandic: Herbrandur

→ Latin: Heribrandus, Ariprandus

From *harjaz (“army; army ruler, commander, warrior”) + *brandaz (“fire, sword”). Note that the name is attested primarily in the context of legends commonly cited as dating back to the Germanic Heroic Age. This may point to the name being a post-Proto-Germanic innovation that spread through the Germanic languages through borrowing, but inheritance from Proto-Germanic cannot be ruled out completely.


uppahiminaz

uppahiminaz (nominative singular)
uppahiminōz (nominative plural)
uppahiminōs (nominative plural)
uppahimin (singular vocative)
uppahiminōz (plural vocative)
uppahiminōs (plural vocative)
uppahiminą (accusative singular)
uppahiminanz (accusative plural)
uppahiminas (genitive singular)
uppahiminis (genitive singular)
uppahiminǫ̂ (genitive plural)
uppahiminai (dative singular)
uppahiminamaz (dative plural)
uppahiminō (instrumental singular)
uppahiminamiz (instrumental plural)

Old English: upheofon

Old Saxon: upphimil

Old High German: ûfhimil

Old Norse: upphiminn, ᚢᛒᚼᛁᛘᛁᚾ (ubhimin)

Icelandic: upphiminn

Old Danish: ᚢᛔᚼᛁᛘᛅᚿ (uphimæn)

*uppa- (“up-, above”) + *himinaz (“heaven, sky”).

af

(poetic) literally 'up-heaven', often translated as 'high heaven'


bērilaz

bērilaz (nominative singular)
bērilōz (nominative plural)
bērilōs (nominative plural)
bēril (singular vocative)
bērilōz (plural vocative)
bērilōs (plural vocative)
bērilą (accusative singular)
bērilanz (accusative plural)
bērilas (genitive singular)
bērilis (genitive singular)
bērilǫ̂ (genitive plural)
bērilai (dative singular)
bērilamaz (dative plural)
bērilō (instrumental singular)
bērilamiz (instrumental plural)

Gothic (Burgundian): *𐌱𐌴𐍂𐌹𐌻𐍃 (*bērils)

From *beraną (“to carry, transport”) + *-ilaz.

suffix

(East Germanic) vessel for transport, container, jug; basket

(East Germanic) carrying equipment; stretcher


gasakaną

gasakō (active first-person indicative singular)
gasakaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
gasakai (first-person indicative passive singular)
gasakizi (active indicative second-person singular)
gasakaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
gasak (active imperative second-person singular)
gasakazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
gasakaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
gasakidi (active indicative singular third-person)
gasakai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
gasakadau (active imperative singular third-person)
gasakadai (indicative passive singular third-person)
gasakaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
gasakōz (active dual first-person indicative)
gasakaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
gasakadiz (active dual indicative second-person)
gasakaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
gasakadiz (active dual imperative second-person)
gasakamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
gasakaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
gasakandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
gasakaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
gasakid (active indicative plural second-person)
gasakaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
gasakid (active imperative plural second-person)
gasakandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
gasakaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
gasakandi (active indicative plural third-person)
gasakain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
gasakandau (active imperative plural third-person)
gasakandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
gasakaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
gasōk (active first-person indicative singular)
gasōkį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
gasōht (active indicative second-person singular)
gasōkīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
gasōk (active indicative singular third-person)
gasōkī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
gasōkū (active dual first-person indicative)
gasōkīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
gasōkudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
gasōkīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
gasōkum (active first-person indicative plural)
gasōkīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
gasōkud (active indicative plural second-person)
gasōkīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
gasōkun (active indicative plural third-person)
gasōkīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
gasakandz (active participle present)
gasakanaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *gasakan

Old English: ġesacan

Old Dutch: *gisakan

⇒ Old Dutch: gisacio

desc

Old High German: gisahhan, gisachan, ᚷᚨᛊᛟᚲᚢᚾ (gasokun /gasōkun/) (3rd plural past indicative)

Gothic: 𐌲𐌰𐍃𐌰𐌺𐌰𐌽 (gasakan)


ehþau

Old English: eþþa

Old Saxon: ettha, ettho

Old Norse: eða

Icelandic: eða

Gothic: 𐌰𐌹𐌸𐌸𐌰𐌿 (aiþþau)

Compound of *eh (“but, except”) + *þau, the former being the only Germanic evidence of Proto-Indo-European *h₁eǵʰs, *h₁eḱ(s). While the Germanic form could theoretically also represent *eþ-þau, the form *eh-þau is required by the Gothic reflex, where expected *𐌹𐌸𐌸𐌰𐌿 (*iþþau) is instead 𐌰𐌹𐌸𐌸𐌰𐌿 (aiþþau), which shows the first consonant must have originally been -𐌷- (-h-), -𐍈- (-ƕ-) or -𐍂- (-r-); and further shows the Proto-Germanic form itself had not yet become *eþþau as it did in the daughter languages. For the semantics, compare Proto-Celtic *extos (“except, but”), Ancient Greek ἐκτός (ektós, “without, outside; except”).


stassiz

stassiz (nominative singular)
stassīz (nominative plural)
stassi (singular vocative)
stassīz (plural vocative)
stassį (accusative singular)
stassinz (accusative plural)
stassīz (genitive singular)
stassijǫ̂ (genitive plural)
stassī (dative singular)
stassimaz (dative plural)
stassī (instrumental singular)
stassimiz (instrumental plural)

Gothic: *𐍃𐍄𐌰𐍃𐍃 (*stass) (in 𐌰𐍆𐍃𐍄𐌰𐍃𐍃 (afstass), 𐌿𐍃𐍃𐍄𐌰𐍃𐍃 (usstass))

From *standaną (zero-grade stem *staþ/d-) + *-þiz. A specifically Germanic secondary re-creation of inherited ti-stem *sta-diz f (not zero-grade i-stem *stad-iz m), which properly belonged to *stāną (zero-grade stem *sta-).

(East Germanic) standing, act of standing


fōdrōną

fōdrō (active first-person indicative singular)
fōdrǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
fōdrōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
fōdrōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
fōdrōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
fōdrō (active imperative second-person singular)
fōdrōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
fōdrōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
fōdrōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
fōdrō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
fōdrōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
fōdrōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
fōdrōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
fōdrōs (active dual first-person indicative)
fōdrōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
fōdrōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
fōdrōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
fōdrōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
fōdrōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
fōdrōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
fōdrōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
fōdrōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
fōdrōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
fōdrōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
fōdrōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
fōdrōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
fōdrōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
fōdrōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
fōdrōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
fōdrōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
fōdrōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
fōdrōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
fōdrōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
fōdrōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
fōdrōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
fōdrōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
fōdrōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
fōdrōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
fōdrōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
fōdrōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
fōdrōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
fōdrōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
fōdrōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
fōdrōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
fōdrōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
fōdrōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
fōdrōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
fōdrōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
fōdrōndz (active participle present)
fōdrōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *fōdrōn
Old English: *fōdrian
Middle English: fodderen
English: fodder
Old Frisian: *fōdria
West Frisian: fuorje, forje, furje
Old Saxon: *fōdrōn
Middle Low German: vōderen, vōdern, fōderen, fōdern
Old High German: *fuotarōn
Middle High German: vuoteren, vuotern, fuoteren, fuotern

Old Norse: fóðra

Icelandic: fóðra

Faroese: fóðra

Old Swedish: fōþra

Swedish: fodra

Old Danish: fothræ

Danish: fodre

/ˈɸɔː.ðrɔː.nɑ̃/


humelaz

Proto-West Germanic: *humel

Middle Dutch: homel

Dutch: hommel

Old English: *humbel

⇒ Old English: myōð-umbel

⇒ Middle English: humbul-bē
English: bumblebee
Scots: bumbee
Yola: bumble-bee

desc

Old High German: humbal, humbala, humbalo

Middle High German: humbel, hummel

German: Hummel

Middle Low German: homele, homelte

Old Norse: humla

Danish: humle, humlebi

Faroese: humla

Icelandic: humla

Norwegian Bokmål: humle

Norwegian Nynorsk: humle

Old Swedish: humbla

Swedish: humla

Inherited from Proto-Indo-European *km̥H-el-os (“bumblebee”), probably onomatopoeic from a root *kemH- (“to hum”). Cognate with Proto-Slavic *čьmèľь (“bumblebee”), *komãrъ (“mosquito”), Lithuanian kamãnė, Old Prussian camus (“bumblebee”).


hummōną

hummō (active first-person indicative singular)
hummǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
hummōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
hummōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
hummōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
hummō (active imperative second-person singular)
hummōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
hummōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
hummōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
hummō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
hummōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
hummōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
hummōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
hummōs (active dual first-person indicative)
hummōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
hummōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
hummōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
hummōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
hummōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
hummōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
hummōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
hummōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
hummōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
hummōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
hummōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
hummōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
hummōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
hummōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
hummōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
hummōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
hummōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
hummōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
hummōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
hummōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
hummōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
hummōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
hummōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
hummōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
hummōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
hummōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
hummōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
hummōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
hummōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
hummōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
hummōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
hummōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
hummōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
hummōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
hummōndz (active participle present)
hummōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *hummōn

Old English: hummen (“to buzz, hum”)

desc

Middle English: hummen (“to hum, buzz, drone”)

English: hum

Dutch: hommelen (“to bumble, buzz”); hommen (“to buzz, hum”) (dialectal)

Middle High German: hummen (“to hum”)

German: hummen, hummeln

Norwegian: humre (“whinny softly”)

Inherited from Proto-Indo-European *km̥H-néh₂-ti, probably onomatopoeic from a root *kemH- (“to hum”). Cognate with Lithuanian kìmti (“wheeze, become hoarse”), kimùs (“hoarse”), Proto-Slavic *čьmèľь (“bumblebee”), *komãrъ (“mosquito”).


-jaz

-jaz (nominative singular)
-jōz (nominative plural)
-jōs (nominative plural)
-i (singular vocative)
-jōz (plural vocative)
-jōs (plural vocative)
-ją (accusative singular)
-janz (accusative plural)
-jas (genitive singular)
-is (genitive singular)
-jǫ̂ (genitive plural)
-jai (dative singular)
-jamaz (dative plural)
-jō (instrumental singular)
-jamiz (instrumental plural)

Proto-Norse: -ᛃᚨᛉ (-jaʀ)

Old Norse: -ir

From Proto-Indo-European *-yós (agent suffix).


-jaz

Proto-Norse: -ᛃᚨᛉ (-jaʀ)

Inherited from Proto-Indo-European *-yós. Cognate with Latin -ius, Ancient Greek -ιος (-ios), Sanskrit -य (-ya).

inh+

Nominal suffix denoting origin or descent.


laskijaną

laskijō (active first-person indicative singular)
laskijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
laskijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
laskīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
laskijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
laskī (active imperative second-person singular)
laskijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
laskijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
laskīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
laskijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
laskijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
laskijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
laskijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
laskijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
laskijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
laskijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
laskijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
laskijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
laskijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
laskijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
laskijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
laskijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
laskīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
laskijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
laskīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
laskijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
laskijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
laskijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
laskijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
laskijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
laskijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
laskijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
laskidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
laskidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
laskidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
laskidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
laskidē (active indicative singular third-person)
laskidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
laskidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
laskidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
laskidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
laskidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
laskidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
laskidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
laskidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
laskidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
laskidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
laskidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
laskijandz (active participle present)
laskidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *laskijan
Old Frisian: *leska
>? West Frisian: leskje (uncertain, the second class weak inflection would be secondary)
Old Saxon: leskian
Middle Low German: leschen
→ Norwegian Bokmål: leske
→ Norwegian Nynorsk: leske, leska
Old Dutch: lesken
Middle Dutch: lesschen
Dutch: lessen
Afrikaans: les
Old High German: lesken
Middle High German: leschen
German: löschen

From *leskaną (“to stop, quench”) + *-janą.


stapiz

stapiz (nominative singular)
stapīz (nominative plural)
stapi (singular vocative)
stapīz (plural vocative)
stapį (accusative singular)
stapinz (accusative plural)
stapīz (genitive singular)
stapjǫ̂ (genitive plural)
stapī (dative singular)
stapimaz (dative plural)
stapī (instrumental singular)
stapimiz (instrumental plural)

Proto-West Germanic: *stapi
Old English: stæpe, stepe
Middle English: steppe, stap, stape, steape, steepe, step, stepe
English: step
Scots: step, stap, stop
Old Frisian: *stap, stepe
North Frisian: staep
Saterland Frisian: Stap, Stappe
Old Saxon: *stap, *step
Middle Low German: stappe
German Low German: Stapp
Old Dutch: *stap, *step
Middle Dutch: steppe, step
Old High German: stapho, staph (dative: stepfen)
Middle High German: stapf
German: Stapf, Stapfe, Stapfen
⇒ Old High German: fuozstapho
Middle High German: vuozstapfe
German: Fußstapfen
→ Medieval Latin: stapēs
New Latin: stapes
→ English: stapes
French: stapes

From Proto-Indo-European *stebʰ‑, *steb‑, *stembʰ‑, *stemb‑ (“to support, stomp, rant, amaze”).


tarjaną

tarjō (active first-person indicative singular)
tarjaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
tarjai (first-person indicative passive singular)
tarisi (active indicative second-person singular)
tarjais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
tari (active imperative second-person singular)
tarjasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
tarjaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
tariþi (active indicative singular third-person)
tarjai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
tarjaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
tarjaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
tarjaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
tarjōs (active dual first-person indicative)
tarjaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
tarjaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
tarjaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
tarjaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
tarjamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
tarjaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
tarjanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
tarjainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
tariþ (active indicative plural second-person)
tarjaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
tariþ (active imperative plural second-person)
tarjanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
tarjainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
tarjanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
tarjain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
tarjanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
tarjanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
tarjainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
taridǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
taridēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
taridēz (active indicative second-person singular)
taridēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
taridē (active indicative singular third-person)
taridēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
taridēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
taridēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
taridēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
taridēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
taridēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
taridēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
taridēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
taridēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
taridēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
taridēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
tarjandz (active participle present)
taridaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *tarjan
Old Frisian: tera
West Frisian: tarre
Old Saxon: terian
Middle Low German: tēren
German Low German: tehren
→ Old Norse: tæra
Icelandic: tæra
Norwegian Nynorsk: tæra
Swedish: tära
Danish: tære
Norwegian Bokmål: tære
Old Dutch: *teren
Middle Dutch: tēren, terren
Dutch: teren
Afrikaans: teer
Limburgish: taere
Old High German: zeren, zerren, zerien
Middle High German: zeren
German: zehren, zerren

→ Proto-Finnic: *tarit'ak (see there for further descendants)


auknaną

auknō (active first-person indicative singular)
auknaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
auknōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
auknais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
auknō (active imperative second-person singular)
auknōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
auknai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
auknōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
auknōs (active dual first-person indicative)
auknaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
auknaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
auknaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
auknaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
auknamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
auknaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
auknaþ (active indicative plural second-person)
auknaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
auknaþ (active imperative plural second-person)
auknanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
auknain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
auknanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
auknōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
auknōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
auknōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
auknōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
auknōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
auknōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
auknōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
auknōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
auknōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
auknōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
auknōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
auknōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
auknōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
auknōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
auknōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
auknōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
auknandz (active participle present)

Proto-West Germanic: *auknōn
Old English: ēacnian

Gothic: 𐌰𐌿𐌺𐌽𐌰𐌽 (auknan)

(intransitive) to grow, to become larger


aukōną

aukō (active first-person indicative singular)
aukǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
aukōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
aukōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
aukōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
aukō (active imperative second-person singular)
aukōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
aukōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
aukōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
aukō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
aukōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
aukōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
aukōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
aukōs (active dual first-person indicative)
aukōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
aukōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
aukōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
aukōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
aukōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
aukōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
aukōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
aukōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
aukōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
aukōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
aukōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
aukōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
aukōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
aukōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
aukōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
aukōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
aukōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
aukōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
aukōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
aukōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
aukōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
aukōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
aukōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
aukōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
aukōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
aukōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
aukōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
aukōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
aukōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
aukōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
aukōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
aukōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
aukōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
aukōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
aukōndz (active participle present)
aukōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *aukōn
Old English: ēacian
Middle English: eken (merged with the descendants of *aukan and *aukijan)
English: eke
Old Dutch: *ōkon (uncertain, could also be from *aukan and / or *aukijan)
Middle Dutch: ôken
Old High German: ouhhōn
Middle High German: ouchen

Old Norse: auka
Icelandic: auka
Faroese: eyka
Norwegian Nynorsk: auka
→ Norwegian Bokmål: auke
Old Swedish: ø̄ka
Swedish: öka
Old Danish: økæ
Danish: øge
Norwegian Bokmål: øke
→ Faroese: økja
Scanian: øga
Old Gutnish: auka
Gutnish: aukä

/ˈɑu̯.kɔː.nɑ̃/

From *aukô (“increase, addition”) + *-ōną.


mainaswarô

mainaswarô (nominative singular)
mainaswaraniz (nominative plural)
mainaswarô (singular vocative)
mainaswaraniz (plural vocative)
mainaswaranų (accusative singular)
mainaswaranunz (accusative plural)
mainaswariniz (genitive singular)
mainaswaranǫ̂ (genitive plural)
mainaswarini (dative singular)
mainaswarammaz (dative plural)
mainaswarinē (instrumental singular)
mainaswarammiz (instrumental plural)

Old English: mānswara
Middle English: mōnsware

Old High German: meinswero

Old Norse: meinsvari

Icelandic: meinsvari

From either *mainaz + *swarô or *mainaswarjaną + *-ô.


lubjaną

lubjō (active first-person indicative singular)
lubjaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
lubjai (first-person indicative passive singular)
lubisi (active indicative second-person singular)
lubjais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
lubi (active imperative second-person singular)
lubjasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
lubjaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
lubiþi (active indicative singular third-person)
lubjai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
lubjaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
lubjaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
lubjaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
lubjōs (active dual first-person indicative)
lubjaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
lubjaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
lubjaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
lubjaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
lubjamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
lubjaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
lubjanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
lubjainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
lubiþ (active indicative plural second-person)
lubjaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
lubiþ (active imperative plural second-person)
lubjanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
lubjainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
lubjanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
lubjain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
lubjanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
lubjanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
lubjainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
lubidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
lubidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
lubidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
lubidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
lubidē (active indicative singular third-person)
lubidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
lubidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
lubidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
lubidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
lubidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
lubidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
lubidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
lubidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
lubidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
lubidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
lubidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
lubjandz (active participle present)
lubidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *lubbjan
Old English: *lybban
Middle English: *libben (found in Middle English libbyng, lybbere)
English: lib
Scots: lib
Old Saxon: lubbian
Middle Low German: lübben
Old Dutch: *lubben
Middle Dutch: lubben
Dutch: lubben
Old High German: lubben
Middle High German: lüppen

Old Norse: lyfja

Icelandic: lyfja


bautijaną

bautijō (active first-person indicative singular)
bautijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
bautijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
bautīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
bautijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
bautī (active imperative second-person singular)
bautijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
bautijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
bautīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
bautijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
bautijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
bautijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
bautijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
bautijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
bautijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
bautijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
bautijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
bautijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
bautijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
bautijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
bautijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
bautijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
bautīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
bautijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
bautīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
bautijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
bautijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
bautijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
bautijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
bautijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
bautijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
bautijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
bautidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
bautidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
bautidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
bautidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
bautidē (active indicative singular third-person)
bautidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
bautidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
bautidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
bautidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
bautidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
bautidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
bautidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
bautidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
bautidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
bautidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
bautidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
bautijandz (active participle present)
bautidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *bautijan
Old Saxon: *bōtian
Middle Low German: bö̂ten
>? German Low German: böten (possibly merged with descendant of bōtian (“to improve, heal”))
Old High German: bōzen
Middle High German: bōzen, pōzen (merged with descendant of Proto-West Germanic *bautan)
German: bossen
→ Middle Low German: bôzen, bôsen, bôcen, bôssen, bôtzen, bôschen

Old Norse: beyta

Icelandic: beyta


glidǭ

glidǭ (nominative singular)
glidōniz (nominative plural)
glidǭ (singular vocative)
glidōniz (plural vocative)
glidōnų (accusative singular)
glidōnunz (accusative plural)
glidōniz (genitive singular)
glidōnǫ̂ (genitive plural)
glidōni (dative singular)
glidōmaz (dative plural)
glidōnē (instrumental singular)
glidōmiz (instrumental plural)

Proto-West Germanic: *glidā
Old English: glida, glioda m
Middle English: glede, glide
English: glede, glead
Scots: gled, gleed
Old Frisian: *glide
West Frisian: glee
→ Dutch: glee
Old Saxon: *glida
Middle Low German: glede

Old Norse: gleða

Icelandic: gleða

Danish: glæde, gleje (dialectal)

Swedish: glada

Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰleydʰ- (“to glide”); compare *glīdaną.