krangijaną

krangijō (active first-person indicative singular)
krangijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
krangijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
krangīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
krangijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
krangī (active imperative second-person singular)
krangijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
krangijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
krangīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
krangijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
krangijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
krangijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
krangijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
krangijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
krangijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
krangijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
krangijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
krangijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
krangijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
krangijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
krangijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
krangijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
krangīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
krangijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
krangīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
krangijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
krangijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
krangijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
krangijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
krangijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
krangijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
krangijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
krangidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
krangidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
krangidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
krangidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
krangidē (active indicative singular third-person)
krangidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
krangidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
krangidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
krangidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
krangidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
krangidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
krangidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
krangidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
krangidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
krangidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
krangidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
krangijandz (active participle present)
krangidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desc

Old English: *crenġan, *crenċġan, *crenċan

Middle English: crengen, crenchen, *crinchen

Scots: crenge, creinge

English: cringe, crinch

Old Saxon: *krengian

Middle Low German: *krengen

German Low German: krengen

Old Dutch: *krengen

Middle Dutch: crengen

Dutch: krengen

Old High German: *krengen

Middle High German: *krengen

German: krängen


blējaną

blējō (active first-person indicative singular)
blējaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
blējai (first-person indicative passive singular)
blēisi (active indicative second-person singular)
blējais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
blēi (active imperative second-person singular)
blējasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
blējaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
blēiþi (active indicative singular third-person)
blējai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
blējaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
blējaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
blējaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
blējōs (active dual first-person indicative)
blējaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
blējaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
blējaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
blējaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
blējamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
blējaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
blējanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
blējainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
blēiþ (active indicative plural second-person)
blējaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
blēiþ (active imperative plural second-person)
blējanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
blējainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
blējanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
blējain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
blējanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
blējanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
blējainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
blēidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
blēidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
blēidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
blēidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
blēidē (active indicative singular third-person)
blēidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
blēidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
blēidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
blēidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
blēidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
blēidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
blēidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
blēidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
blēidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
blēidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
blēidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
blējandz (active participle present)
blēidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *blājan
Old English: *blǣan
English: blea
Middle Low German: blēen
Old High German: blāen
Middle High German: blæn, blæjen
German: blähen

From Proto-Indo-European *bʰleh₁-ye-ti, from *bʰleh₁- (“to bleat”). Cognate with Latin fleō (“to cry, weep”), Latvian blēt (“to bleat”), Russian бле́ять (bléjatʹ, “to bleat”).


brōaną

brōō (active first-person indicative singular)
brōaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
brōai (first-person indicative passive singular)
brōizi (active indicative second-person singular)
brōaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
brō (active imperative second-person singular)
brōazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
brōaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
brōidi (active indicative singular third-person)
brōai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
brōadau (active imperative singular third-person)
brōadai (indicative passive singular third-person)
brōaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
brōōz (active dual first-person indicative)
brōaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
brōadiz (active dual indicative second-person)
brōaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
brōadiz (active dual imperative second-person)
brōamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
brōaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
brōandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
brōaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
brōid (active indicative plural second-person)
brōaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
brōid (active imperative plural second-person)
brōandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
brōaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
brōandi (active indicative plural third-person)
brōain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
brōandau (active imperative plural third-person)
brōandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
brōaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
bebrō (active first-person indicative singular)
bebrōį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
bebrōt (active indicative second-person singular)
bebrōīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
bebrō (active indicative singular third-person)
bebrōī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
bebrōū (active dual first-person indicative)
bebrōīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
bebrōudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
bebrōīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
bebrōum (active first-person indicative plural)
bebrōīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
bebrōud (active indicative plural second-person)
bebrōīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
bebrōun (active indicative plural third-person)
bebrōīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
brōandz (active participle present)
brōanaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *brōan
Old Frisian: *brōia
Saterland Frisian: broie
West Frisian: broeie
Old Saxon: *brōian
Middle Low German: broien, brogen, brugen
German Low German: breihen, breuhen
Old Dutch: *bruoien
Middle Dutch: broeyen
Dutch: broeien
Afrikaans: broei
→ Old French: esbroer
French: ébrouer
Old High German: bruoen (in firbruoen)
Middle High German: brüejen, brüen
German: brühen
Luxembourgish: bréien
Yiddish: בריִען (brien)
→ Vulgar Latin: *brōīre
Old French: bruir (see there for further descendants)
Piedmontese: broé, brové

Crimean Gothic: broe

An o-grade intensive, Pre-Germanic *bʰroh₁-, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰreh₁-.


dimbaną

dimbō (active first-person indicative singular)
dimbaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
dimbai (first-person indicative passive singular)
dimbizi (active indicative second-person singular)
dimbaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
dimb (active imperative second-person singular)
dimbazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
dimbaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
dimbidi (active indicative singular third-person)
dimbai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
dimbadau (active imperative singular third-person)
dimbadai (indicative passive singular third-person)
dimbaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
dimbōz (active dual first-person indicative)
dimbaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
dimbadiz (active dual indicative second-person)
dimbaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
dimbadiz (active dual imperative second-person)
dimbamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
dimbaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
dimbandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
dimbaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
dimbid (active indicative plural second-person)
dimbaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
dimbid (active imperative plural second-person)
dimbandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
dimbaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
dimbandi (active indicative plural third-person)
dimbain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
dimbandau (active imperative plural third-person)
dimbandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
dimbaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
damb (active first-person indicative singular)
dumbį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
damft (active indicative second-person singular)
dumbīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
damb (active indicative singular third-person)
dumbī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
dumbū (active dual first-person indicative)
dumbīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
dumbudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
dumbīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
dumbum (active first-person indicative plural)
dumbīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
dumbud (active indicative plural second-person)
dumbīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
dumbun (active indicative plural third-person)
dumbīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
dimbandz (active participle present)
dumbanaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Old High German: *dimpfan

Middle High German: dimpfen

Old Norse: *dimba

Norwegian: demba

Elfdalian: dimba

From Proto-Indo-European *dʰembʰ-, *dʰemH-.


blandaną

blandō (active first-person indicative singular)
blandaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
blandai (first-person indicative passive singular)
blandizi (active indicative second-person singular)
blandaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
bland (active imperative second-person singular)
blandazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
blandaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
blandidi (active indicative singular third-person)
blandai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
blandadau (active imperative singular third-person)
blandadai (indicative passive singular third-person)
blandaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
blandōz (active dual first-person indicative)
blandaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
blandadiz (active dual indicative second-person)
blandaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
blandadiz (active dual imperative second-person)
blandamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
blandaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
blandandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
blandaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
blandid (active indicative plural second-person)
blandaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
blandid (active imperative plural second-person)
blandandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
blandaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
blandandi (active indicative plural third-person)
blandain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
blandandau (active imperative plural third-person)
blandandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
blandaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
bebland (active first-person indicative singular)
beblandį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
beblanst (active indicative second-person singular)
beblandīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
bebland (active indicative singular third-person)
beblandī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
beblandū (active dual first-person indicative)
beblandīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
beblandudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
beblandīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
beblandum (active first-person indicative plural)
beblandīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
beblandud (active indicative plural second-person)
beblandīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
beblandun (active indicative plural third-person)
beblandīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
blandandz (active participle present)
blandanaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Old English: blandan, blondan; ġeblendan

Middle English: blanden, blenden

English: blend

Scots: bland; blent (pptc)

Old Frisian: blenda

Old Saxon: blandan

Old Dutch: *blandan

Middle Dutch: blanden

Old High German: blantan

Middle High German: blanden, blenden

⇒ Middle High German: blendelinc

German: Blendling

Old Norse: blanda

Icelandic: blanda

Faroese: blanda

Norwegian: blande

Swedish: blanda

Danish: blande

Gothic: 𐌱𐌻𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌽 (blandan)

An o-grade intensive, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰlendʰ- (“to blend”). Related to Old Church Slavonic блѧсти (“to chatter, talk nonsense”).


kabisjō

kabisjō (nominative singular)
kabisjôz (nominative plural)
kabisjō (singular vocative)
kabisjôz (plural vocative)
kabisjǭ (accusative singular)
kabisjōz (accusative plural)
kabisjōz (genitive singular)
kabisjǫ̂ (genitive plural)
kabisjōi (dative singular)
kabisjōmaz (dative plural)
kabisjō (instrumental singular)
kabisjōmiz (instrumental plural)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *kabisi
Old English: ċiefes, ċyfys, ċifes, ċyfes
Middle English: chevese, chivese
Old Saxon: kevis
Middle Low German: kēvis, kēves
Low German: Keves
Old Dutch: *kevesa
Middle Dutch: kēefse, kēvisse, kiese
Dutch: kevis (“adultery”)
Old High German: kebis, chebis, kebisa, chebisa
Middle High German: kebes, kebese, kebse
→ German: Kebse (learned, 18th c.)
⇒ Old High German: kebiswīb
Middle High German: kebeswīp
German: Kebsweib (inherited)

Old Norse: kefsir; képsi; kéffir

Icelandic: kefsir

Old Swedish: kæfsir

→? Proto-Finnic: *kabëh (see there for further descendants)

Uncertain. Perhaps related to Proto-Germanic *kafą, *kefō (“sheet; fold; lap; pod; sheath”).


kwadjaną

kwadjō (active first-person indicative singular)
kwadjaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
kwadjai (first-person indicative passive singular)
kwadisi (active indicative second-person singular)
kwadjais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
kwadi (active imperative second-person singular)
kwadjasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
kwadjaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
kwadiþi (active indicative singular third-person)
kwadjai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
kwadjaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
kwadjaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
kwadjaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
kwadjōs (active dual first-person indicative)
kwadjaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
kwadjaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
kwadjaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
kwadjaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
kwadjamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
kwadjaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
kwadjanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
kwadjainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
kwadiþ (active indicative plural second-person)
kwadjaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
kwadiþ (active imperative plural second-person)
kwadjanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
kwadjainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
kwadjanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
kwadjain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
kwadjanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
kwadjanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
kwadjainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
kwadidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
kwadidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
kwadidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
kwadidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
kwadidē (active indicative singular third-person)
kwadidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
kwadidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
kwadidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
kwadidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
kwadidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
kwadidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
kwadidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
kwadidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
kwadidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
kwadidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
kwadidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
kwadjandz (active participle present)
kwadidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *kwaddjan
Old Saxon: queddian
Old Dutch: quedden
Middle Dutch: quedden
Dutch: kwedden
Old High German: quetten

Old Norse: kveðja

Icelandic: kveðja

Faroese: kvøðja

/ˈkʷɑð.jɑ.nɑ̃/


kwelaną

kwelō (active first-person indicative singular)
kwelaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
kwelai (first-person indicative passive singular)
kwilizi (active indicative second-person singular)
kwelaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
kwel (active imperative second-person singular)
kwelazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
kwelaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
kwilidi (active indicative singular third-person)
kwelai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
kweladau (active imperative singular third-person)
kweladai (indicative passive singular third-person)
kwelaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
kwelōz (active dual first-person indicative)
kwelaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
kweladiz (active dual indicative second-person)
kwelaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
kweladiz (active dual imperative second-person)
kwelamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
kwelaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
kwelandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
kwelaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
kwilid (active indicative plural second-person)
kwelaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
kwilid (active imperative plural second-person)
kwelandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
kwelaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
kwelandi (active indicative plural third-person)
kwelain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
kwelandau (active imperative plural third-person)
kwelandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
kwelaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
kwal (active first-person indicative singular)
kwēlį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
kwalt (active indicative second-person singular)
kwēlīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
kwal (active indicative singular third-person)
kwēlī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
kwēlū (active dual first-person indicative)
kwēlīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
kwēludiz (active dual indicative second-person)
kwēlīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
kwēlum (active first-person indicative plural)
kwēlīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
kwēlud (active indicative plural second-person)
kwēlīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
kwēlun (active indicative plural third-person)
kwēlīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
kwelandz (active participle present)
kulanaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *kwelan
Old English: cwelan
Middle English: quelen
English: queal
Old Saxon: quelan
Middle Low German: quelen
Old Dutch: *quelan
Middle Dutch: quēlen, queilen
Dutch: kwelen
→ Middle English: quaylen
English: quail
Old High German: quelan
Middle High German: queln
German: quälen

From Proto-Indo-European *gʷelH- (“to hurt”). Related to Lithuanian gélti (“to hurt”), Old Irish atbaill (“to die”).


galdraz

galdraz (nominative singular)
galdrōz (nominative plural)
galdrōs (nominative plural)
galdr (singular vocative)
galdrōz (plural vocative)
galdrōs (plural vocative)
galdrą (accusative singular)
galdranz (accusative plural)
galdras (genitive singular)
galdris (genitive singular)
galdrǫ̂ (genitive plural)
galdrai (dative singular)
galdramaz (dative plural)
galdrō (instrumental singular)
galdramiz (instrumental plural)

Proto-West Germanic: *galdr
Old English: galdor, gealdor
Middle English: galder
Old Saxon: *galdar
Old High German: galdar

Old Norse: galdr
Icelandic: galdur
Faroese: galdur
Norwegian Nynorsk: galder
Old Swedish: galder, ᚵᛆᛚᚦᚽᚱ
Swedish: galder
→? Irish: goldar

From Proto-Indo-European *gʰel- (“to cry, scream”).


kwaljaną

kwaljō (active first-person indicative singular)
kwaljaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
kwaljai (first-person indicative passive singular)
kwalisi (active indicative second-person singular)
kwaljais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
kwali (active imperative second-person singular)
kwaljasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
kwaljaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
kwaliþi (active indicative singular third-person)
kwaljai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
kwaljaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
kwaljaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
kwaljaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
kwaljōs (active dual first-person indicative)
kwaljaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
kwaljaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
kwaljaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
kwaljaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
kwaljamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
kwaljaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
kwaljanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
kwaljainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
kwaliþ (active indicative plural second-person)
kwaljaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
kwaliþ (active imperative plural second-person)
kwaljanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
kwaljainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
kwaljanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
kwaljain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
kwaljanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
kwaljanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
kwaljainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
kwalidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
kwalidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
kwalidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
kwalidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
kwalidē (active indicative singular third-person)
kwalidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
kwalidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
kwalidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
kwalidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
kwalidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
kwalidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
kwalidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
kwalidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
kwalidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
kwalidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
kwalidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
kwaljandz (active participle present)
kwalidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *kwalljan
Old English: cwellan
Middle English: quellen, cwellen, quell, quelle, qwell, qwelle, cwellenn (Ormulum)
English: quell
Scots: quell, quel
Old Saxon: quellian
Old Dutch: *quellen, quelen (attested as a weak verb quelen without the geminate -ll-)
Middle Dutch: quellen
Dutch: kwellen
Afrikaans: kwel
Old High German: quellen
Middle High German: quellen, queln
German: quälen

Old Norse: kvelja
Icelandic: kvelja
Norwegian Nynorsk: kvelja, kvela
Old Swedish: qvælia
Swedish: kvälja
Danish: kvæle
Norwegian Bokmål: kvele


fetą

fetą (nominative singular)
fetō (nominative plural)
fetą (singular vocative)
fetō (plural vocative)
fetą (accusative singular)
fetō (accusative plural)
fetas (genitive singular)
fitis (genitive singular)
fetǫ̂ (genitive plural)
fetai (dative singular)
fetamaz (dative plural)
fetō (instrumental singular)
fetamiz (instrumental plural)

Proto-West Germanic: *fet

Old English: *fæt

⇒ Old English: fæthengest

⇒ Old English: sīþfæt

Old Norse: fet, *fjat

Icelandic: fet

Faroese: fet n, feti m

Norwegian: fet

Old Swedish: fiæt, fæt

Swedish: fjät

Old Danish: fiat

Middle Danish: fieth, fiæth

Danish: fjed

From Proto-Indo-European *pedóm, from *ped-.


uberfullaz

*uberfullaz (a-stem)

uberfullaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
uberfullai (masculine nominative plural strong)
uberfullō (feminine nominative singular strong)
uberfullôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
uberfullą (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
uberfullō (neuter nominative plural strong)
uberfullanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
uberfullanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
uberfullǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
uberfullōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
uberfullą (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
uberfullō (accusative neuter plural strong)
uberfullas (genitive masculine singular strong)
-is (genitive masculine singular strong)
uberfullaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
uberfullaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
uberfullaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
uberfullas (genitive neuter singular strong)
-is (genitive neuter singular strong)
uberfullaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
uberfullammai (dative masculine singular strong)
uberfullaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
uberfullaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
uberfullaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
uberfullammai (dative neuter singular strong)
uberfullaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
uberfullanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
uberfullaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
uberfullaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
uberfullaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
uberfullanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
uberfullaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
uberfullô (masculine nominative singular weak)
uberfullaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
uberfullǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
uberfullōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
uberfullô (neuter nominative singular weak)
uberfullōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
uberfullanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
uberfullanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
uberfullōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
uberfullōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
uberfullô (accusative neuter singular weak)
uberfullōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
uberfulliniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
uberfullanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
uberfullōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
uberfullōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
uberfulliniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
uberfullanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
uberfullini (dative masculine singular weak)
uberfullammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
uberfullōni (dative feminine singular weak)
uberfullōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
uberfullini (dative neuter singular weak)
uberfullammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
uberfullinē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
uberfullammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
uberfullōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
uberfullōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
uberfullinē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
uberfullammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

Proto-West Germanic: *obarfull

Old English: oferfull

English: overfull

Old Dutch:

Middle Dutch: overvol

Dutch: overvol

Limburgish: euvervol

Old High German: ubarfol

Middle High German:

(German: übervoll)

Gothic: 𐌿𐍆𐌰𐍂𐍆𐌿𐌻𐌻𐍃 (ufarfulls)


uberfullį̄

uberfullį̄ (nominative singular)
uberfullīniz (nominative plural)
uberfullį̄ (singular vocative)
uberfullīniz (plural vocative)
uberfullīnų (accusative singular)
uberfullīnunz (accusative plural)
uberfullīniz (genitive singular)
uberfullīnǫ̂ (genitive plural)
uberfullīni (dative singular)
uberfullīmaz (dative plural)
uberfullīnē (instrumental singular)
uberfullīmiz (instrumental plural)

desc

Old English: oferfylle, oferfyllo, oferfyllu

Middle English: oferfille, oferfulle

Old High German: ubarfullī

Middle High German: übervülle

German: Überfülle

Old Norse: offylli

Icelandic: offylli

Gothic: 𐌿𐍆𐌰𐍂𐍆𐌿𐌻𐌻𐌴𐌹 (ufarfullei)


gaizô

gaizô (nominative singular)
gaizaniz (nominative plural)
gaizô (singular vocative)
gaizaniz (plural vocative)
gaizanų (accusative singular)
gaizanunz (accusative plural)
gaiziniz (genitive singular)
gaizanǫ̂ (genitive plural)
gaizini (dative singular)
gaizammaz (dative plural)
gaizinē (instrumental singular)
gaizammiz (instrumental plural)

Old English: gāra

Middle English: gore, gare

English: gore

Scots: gair

Old Frisian: gare

Old Saxon: gēro

Middle Low German: gēre

Old High German: gēro, kēro

German: Gehre (“gusset”)

Old Norse: geiri

Icelandic: geiri

Faroese: geiri

Swedish: gere

Middle Danish: gere

Danish: gere

From Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰays- (“pointed stick, spear”), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰey- (“to drive, move, fling”).


gaumô

gaumô (nominative singular)
gaumaniz (nominative plural)
gaumô (singular vocative)
gaumaniz (plural vocative)
gaumanų (accusative singular)
gaumanunz (accusative plural)
gauminiz (genitive singular)
gaumanǫ̂ (genitive plural)
gaumini (dative singular)
gaumammaz (dative plural)
gauminē (instrumental singular)
gaumammiz (instrumental plural)

desctree

Old High German: goumo
Middle High German: goume, goum
Cimbrian: gaumo
German: Gaum; Gaumen

/ˈɣɑu̯.mɔːː/


gōlijaną

gōlijō (active first-person indicative singular)
gōlijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
gōlijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
gōlīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
gōlijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
gōlī (active imperative second-person singular)
gōlijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
gōlijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
gōlīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
gōlijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
gōlijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
gōlijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
gōlijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
gōlijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
gōlijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
gōlijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
gōlijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
gōlijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
gōlijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
gōlijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
gōlijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
gōlijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
gōlīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
gōlijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
gōlīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
gōlijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
gōlijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
gōlijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
gōlijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
gōlijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
gōlijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
gōlijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
gōlidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
gōlidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
gōlidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
gōlidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
gōlidē (active indicative singular third-person)
gōlidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
gōlidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
gōlidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
gōlidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
gōlidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
gōlidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
gōlidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
gōlidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
gōlidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
gōlidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
gōlidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
gōlijandz (active participle present)
gōlidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *gōlijan
>? Old Frisian: gēla (to persecute)
Old High German: guolen

Old Norse: gœla

Icelandic: gæla

Gothic: 𐌲𐍉𐌻𐌾𐌰𐌽 (gōljan)

From *gōlaz (“pleasing, charming”) + *-janą, which is the vṛddhi gerundive of *galaną (“to shout; to charm”).


huþô

huþô (nominative singular)
huþaniz (nominative plural)
huþô (singular vocative)
huþaniz (plural vocative)
huþanų (accusative singular)
huþanunz (accusative plural)
huþiniz (genitive singular)
huþanǫ̂ (genitive plural)
huþini (dative singular)
huþammaz (dative plural)
huþinē (instrumental singular)
huþammiz (instrumental plural)

Proto-West Germanic: *hoþō

Old Frisian: hotha, (plural) hothan

Old Saxon: *hotho

Middle Low German: hōde

Old Dutch: *hotho

Middle Dutch: hōde

Dutch: hode

desctree

length implies <i class="Latn mention" lang="gem-pro">*hauþ-</i>

Old High German: hodo (length implies *hauþ-)
Middle High German: hōde
German: Hode, Hoden

Possibly from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kew(H)- (“to cover, hide”).


hraznō

hraznō (nominative singular)
hraznôz (nominative plural)
hraznō (singular vocative)
hraznôz (plural vocative)
hraznǭ (accusative singular)
hraznōz (accusative plural)
hraznōz (genitive singular)
hraznǫ̂ (genitive plural)
hraznōi (dative singular)
hraznōmaz (dative plural)
hraznō (instrumental singular)
hraznōmiz (instrumental plural)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *hraʀnu
Old English: hræn, hærn

Old Norse: hrǫnn, Hrǫnn

Icelandic: hrönn, Hrönn

From Proto-Indo-European *kros-néh₂, from *kres- (“spring, wave”). Cognate with Ancient Greek κρήνη (krḗnē, “well, spring”).


grimmaną

grimmō (active first-person indicative singular)
grimmaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
grimmai (first-person indicative passive singular)
grimmizi (active indicative second-person singular)
grimmaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
grimm (active imperative second-person singular)
grimmazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
grimmaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
grimmidi (active indicative singular third-person)
grimmai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
grimmadau (active imperative singular third-person)
grimmadai (indicative passive singular third-person)
grimmaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
grimmōz (active dual first-person indicative)
grimmaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
grimmadiz (active dual indicative second-person)
grimmaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
grimmadiz (active dual imperative second-person)
grimmamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
grimmaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
grimmandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
grimmaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
grimmid (active indicative plural second-person)
grimmaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
grimmid (active imperative plural second-person)
grimmandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
grimmaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
grimmandi (active indicative plural third-person)
grimmain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
grimmandau (active imperative plural third-person)
grimmandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
grimmaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
gramm (active first-person indicative singular)
grummį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
grammt (active indicative second-person singular)
grummīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
gramm (active indicative singular third-person)
grummī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
grummū (active dual first-person indicative)
grummīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
grummudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
grummīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
grummum (active first-person indicative plural)
grummīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
grummud (active indicative plural second-person)
grummīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
grummun (active indicative plural third-person)
grummīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
grimmandz (active participle present)
grummanaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *grimman
Old English: grimman
Old Saxon: grimman
Old Dutch: *grimman
Middle Dutch: grimmen
Old High German: *grimman
Middle High German: grimmen

Old Norse: grimma (Only attested in the passive grimmask)

Icelandic: grimma

From Pre-Germanic *gʰrémne- or *gʰrénme-, from Proto-Indo-European *gʰrem- (“to be angry”), likely from Proto-Indo-European *gʰer- (“to make a noise, rattle, growl, murmur”).


drunkiz

drunkiz (nominative singular)
drunkīz (nominative plural)
drunki (singular vocative)
drunkīz (plural vocative)
drunkį (accusative singular)
drunkinz (accusative plural)
drunkīz (genitive singular)
drunkijǫ̂ (genitive plural)
drunkī (dative singular)
drunkimaz (dative plural)
drunkī (instrumental singular)
drunkimiz (instrumental plural)

desctree

Old English: drynċ, drinc, drinca
Middle English: drinche, drink, drinke, drunch
English: drink (see there for further descendants)

Old Saxon: *drunk

Middle Low German: drunk

German Low German: Drunk

Old Dutch: *drunc, *drunk

Middle Dutch: dronc

Dutch: dronk

Afrikaans: dronk

Old High German: trunk

Middle High German: trunc

German: Trunk
→ Polish: trunek

Old Norse: drykkr
Icelandic: drykkur
Faroese: drykkur
Norwegian Nynorsk: drykk; (dialectal) drykk’e
Elfdalian: drykk
Old Swedish: drykker
Swedish: dryck f
Danish: drik
Norwegian Bokmål: drikk


þrabōną

þrabō (active first-person indicative singular)
þrabǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
þrabōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
þrabōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
þrabōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
þrabō (active imperative second-person singular)
þrabōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
þrabōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
þrabōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
þrabō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
þrabōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
þrabōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
þrabōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
þrabōs (active dual first-person indicative)
þrabōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
þrabōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
þrabōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
þrabōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
þrabōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
þrabōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
þrabōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
þrabōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
þrabōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
þrabōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
þrabōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
þrabōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
þrabōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
þrabōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
þrabōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
þrabōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
þrabōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
þrabōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
þrabōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
þrabōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
þrabōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
þrabōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
þrabōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
þrabōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
þrabōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
þrabōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
þrabōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
þrabōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
þrabōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
þrabōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
þrabōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
þrabōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
þrabōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
þrabōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
þrabōndz (active participle present)
þrabōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Old English: þrafian

Middle English: thraven

English: thrave

Old Frisian: thravia

Saterland Frisian: troawje, droawje

West Frisian: trowia, trouwia, drave

Old Saxon: thrabōn, thravōn

Middle Low German: drāven, trāven

German Low German: draven

→ Swedish: trava

⇒ Swedish: travla

→ Elfdalian: tråvå

Old Dutch: *thravōn, *dravon

Middle Dutch: drāven
Dutch: draven
Afrikaans: draf
Limburgish: drave

Old High German: *drabōn

Middle High German: draben, traben

German: traben

/ˈθrɑ.βɔː.nɑ̃/

From *þrebaną, from Proto-Indo-European *trep- (“to scamper, trip, trample, tremble, step”).


kīþą

kīþą (nominative singular)
kīþō (nominative plural)
kīþą (singular vocative)
kīþō (plural vocative)
kīþą (accusative singular)
kīþō (accusative plural)
kīþas (genitive singular)
kīþis (genitive singular)
kīþǫ̂ (genitive plural)
kīþai (dative singular)
kīþamaz (dative plural)
kīþō (instrumental singular)
kīþamiz (instrumental plural)

Proto-West Germanic: *kīþ; *kīþī; *kīþō

desctree

Old English: ċīþ, ċȳþ
Middle English: chithe, chide, chive, chis, chire, *chitte, *chit
English: chit, chive
⇒ English: chism
Scots: chit

Old Saxon: *kīth (attested in genitive plural kītho and dative plural kīthun)

Old Dutch: *kīthi

Middle Dutch: *kijde, kiede

→ Old French: cion, ciun, sion
Middle French: sion
French: scion
Picard: chion
→ Middle English: sioun, cioun, ciun, cyun, scion, scioun, sion, siun, syon, syoun
English: scion

Old High German: *chīdi, *kīdi; *kīd

Middle High German: kīde, kīt

German: Keid (dialectal)

⇒ Alemannic German: chiide

From Proto-Indo-European *ģ(e)yH-tí-, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵī-, *ǵey- (“to split open, sprout”). Related to Proto-Germanic *kī- (“to split open, germinate, sprout”); see *kīnaną for more.

m+

(botany) seed, germ; seedling, shoot, sprout


wikkô

wikkô (nominative singular)
wikkaniz (nominative plural)
wikkô (singular vocative)
wikkaniz (plural vocative)
wikkanų (accusative singular)
wikkanunz (accusative plural)
wikkiniz (genitive singular)
wikkanǫ̂ (genitive plural)
wikkini (dative singular)
wikkammaz (dative plural)
wikkinē (instrumental singular)
wikkammiz (instrumental plural)

Old English: wicca, wiċċa

Middle English: wikke, wicke, wicche

⇒ Middle English: wikked, wikke

English: wicked

Scots: wik, wick, wiche, weche

English: witch

→ English: Wicca

(Old Frisian: wigila); (wīchelīe)

(Old Saxon: *wīhhileo, *wīhileo)

(Middle Low German: wîchelîe)

Old High German: *wicko, *wihho

Middle High German: wicker (< change of suffix to -er)

Derived from *wikkōną (“to practice sorcery”).

A (male) witch; warlock; magician; sorcerer; wizard; spellcaster


selbawiljaz

*selbawiljaz (ja-stem)

selbawiljaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
selbawiljai (masculine nominative plural strong)
selbawiljō (feminine nominative singular strong)
selbawiljôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
selbawilją (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
selbawiljō (neuter nominative plural strong)
selbawiljanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
selbawiljanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
selbawiljǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
selbawiljōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
selbawilją (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
selbawiljō (accusative neuter plural strong)
selbawiljas (genitive masculine singular strong)
-is (genitive masculine singular strong)
selbawiljaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
selbawiljaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
selbawiljaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
selbawiljas (genitive neuter singular strong)
-is (genitive neuter singular strong)
selbawiljaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
selbawiljammai (dative masculine singular strong)
selbawiljaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
selbawiljaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
selbawiljaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
selbawiljammai (dative neuter singular strong)
selbawiljaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
selbawiljanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
selbawiljaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
selbawiljaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
selbawiljaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
selbawiljanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
selbawiljaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
selbawiljô (masculine nominative singular weak)
selbawiljaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
selbawiljǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
selbawiljōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
selbawiljô (neuter nominative singular weak)
selbawiljōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
selbawiljanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
selbawiljanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
selbawiljōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
selbawiljōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
selbawiljô (accusative neuter singular weak)
selbawiljōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
selbawiliniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
selbawiljanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
selbawiljōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
selbawiljōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
selbawiliniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
selbawiljanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
selbawilini (dative masculine singular weak)
selbawiljammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
selbawiljōni (dative feminine singular weak)
selbawiljōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
selbawilini (dative neuter singular weak)
selbawiljammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
selbawilinē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
selbawiljammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
selbawiljōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
selbawiljōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
selbawilinē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
selbawiljammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

Old English: selfwille

Middle English: selfwill

Gothic: 𐍃𐌹𐌻𐌱𐌰𐍅𐌹𐌻𐌾𐌹𐍃 (silbawiljis)


kwidiz

kwidiz (nominative singular)
kwidīz (nominative plural)
kwidi (singular vocative)
kwidīz (plural vocative)
kwidį (accusative singular)
kwidinz (accusative plural)
kwidīz (genitive singular)
kwidjǫ̂ (genitive plural)
kwidī (dative singular)
kwidimaz (dative plural)
kwidī (instrumental singular)
kwidimiz (instrumental plural)

Old English: cwide

Middle English: quide

Old High German: quiti

Old Norse: kviðr (“verdict; jury”)

Icelandic: kviður

From pre-Germanic *gʷetís, an i-stem derived from *kweþaną (“to say, speak”).


dailiþō

dailiþō (nominative singular)
dailiþôz (nominative plural)
dailiþō (singular vocative)
dailiþôz (plural vocative)
dailiþǭ (accusative singular)
dailiþōz (accusative plural)
dailiþōz (genitive singular)
dailiþǫ̂ (genitive plural)
dailiþōi (dative singular)
dailiþōmaz (dative plural)
dailiþō (instrumental singular)
dailiþōmiz (instrumental plural)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *dailiþu
Old High German: teilida

Old Norse: deild

Icelandic: deild

Faroese: deild

Norwegian: deild

Old Swedish: dēld

Swedish: deld

Middle Danish: deeld


nēhwaz

nēhw (adverb)
nēhwaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
nēhwai (masculine nominative plural strong)
nēhwō (feminine nominative singular strong)
nēhwôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
nēhwą (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
nēhwō (neuter nominative plural strong)
nēhwanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
nēhwanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
nēhwǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
nēhwōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
nēhwą (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
nēhwō (accusative neuter plural strong)
nēhwas (genitive masculine singular strong)
-is (genitive masculine singular strong)
nēhwaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
nēhwaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
nēhwaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
nēhwas (genitive neuter singular strong)
-is (genitive neuter singular strong)
nēhwaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
nēhwammai (dative masculine singular strong)
nēhwaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
nēhwaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
nēhwaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
nēhwammai (dative neuter singular strong)
nēhwaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
nēhwanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
nēhwaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
nēhwaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
nēhwaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
nēhwanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
nēhwaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
nēhwô (masculine nominative singular weak)
nēhwaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
nēhwǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
nēhwōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
nēhwô (neuter nominative singular weak)
nēhwōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
nēhwanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
nēhwanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
nēhwōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
nēhwōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
nēhwô (accusative neuter singular weak)
nēhwōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
nēhwiniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
nēhwanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
nēhwōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
nēhwōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
nēhwiniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
nēhwanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
nēhwini (dative masculine singular weak)
nēhwammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
nēhwōni (dative feminine singular weak)
nēhwōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
nēhwini (dative neuter singular weak)
nēhwammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
nēhwinē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
nēhwammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
nēhwōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
nēhwōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
nēhwinē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
nēhwammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

*nēhwaz (a-stem)

Old English: nēah, nēa, nēh, nīh
Middle English: neygh, nygh, nye, nyȝ, nighe
English: nigh
Scots: ne, ney
Yola: neeghe, nich

Old Frisian: nā, nēi

North Frisian: nei, nai

Old Saxon: nāh
Middle Low German: nâch, nâ
German Low German: na

Old Dutch: *nāh, *nā

Dutch: na

Afrikaans: na

Old High German: nāh

Middle High German: nāch

Alemannic German: naach

Central Franconian: noh

German: nah, nach

Luxembourgish: no

Gothic: 𐌽𐌴𐍈𐌰 (nēƕa)

From Pre-Germanic *h₂nḗḱwos, a lengthened-grade adjective derived from Proto-Indo-European *h₂neḱ- (“to reach”).


frawurdiz

frawurdiz (nominative singular)
frawurdīz (nominative plural)
frawurdi (singular vocative)
frawurdīz (plural vocative)
frawurdį (accusative singular)
frawurdinz (accusative plural)
frawurdīz (genitive singular)
frawurdijǫ̂ (genitive plural)
frawurdī (dative singular)
frawurdimaz (dative plural)
frawurdī (instrumental singular)
frawurdimiz (instrumental plural)

Old English: forwyrd, forwird

Old High German: farwurt, firwurt

Derived from *frawerþaną (“to perish”). Equivalent to *fra- + *wurdiz.


hattijǭ

hattijǭ (nominative singular)
hattijōniz (nominative plural)
hattijǭ (singular vocative)
hattijōniz (plural vocative)
hattijōnų (accusative singular)
hattijōnunz (accusative plural)
hattijōniz (genitive singular)
hattijōnǫ̂ (genitive plural)
hattijōni (dative singular)
hattijōmaz (dative plural)
hattijōnē (instrumental singular)
hattijōmiz (instrumental plural)

Old Norse: hetta

Icelandic: hetta

Faroese: hetta

Norwegian: hette

Old Swedish: hætta

Swedish: hätta

Middle Danish: hettæ

Danish: hætte


hōpą

hōpą (nominative singular)
hōpō (nominative plural)
hōpą (singular vocative)
hōpō (plural vocative)
hōpą (accusative singular)
hōpō (accusative plural)
hōpas (genitive singular)
hōpis (genitive singular)
hōpǫ̂ (genitive plural)
hōpai (dative singular)
hōpamaz (dative plural)
hōpō (instrumental singular)
hōpamiz (instrumental plural)

Old English: hōp

Middle English: hoop

Scots: hupe, houp, huip

English: hoop

Old Frisian: hōp

North Frisian: hop

Saterland Frisian: Houp

West Frisian: hoep

Old Dutch: *hōp

Middle Dutch: hoop, hoep

Dutch: hoep

⇒ Dutch: hoepel

→ German Low German: Hopel (borrowed ?)

Old Norse: hóp

Icelandic: hóp

Danish: hop

→ Scots: hope

From Proto-Indo-European *kewb- (“to bend, bow, arch, vault”).


hrindaną

hrindō (active first-person indicative singular)
hrindaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
hrindai (first-person indicative passive singular)
hrindizi (active indicative second-person singular)
hrindaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
hrind (active imperative second-person singular)
hrindazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
hrindaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
hrindidi (active indicative singular third-person)
hrindai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
hrindadau (active imperative singular third-person)
hrindadai (indicative passive singular third-person)
hrindaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
hrindōz (active dual first-person indicative)
hrindaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
hrindadiz (active dual indicative second-person)
hrindaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
hrindadiz (active dual imperative second-person)
hrindamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
hrindaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
hrindandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
hrindaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
hrindid (active indicative plural second-person)
hrindaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
hrindid (active imperative plural second-person)
hrindandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
hrindaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
hrindandi (active indicative plural third-person)
hrindain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
hrindandau (active imperative plural third-person)
hrindandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
hrindaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
hrand (active first-person indicative singular)
hrundį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
hranst (active indicative second-person singular)
hrundīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
hrand (active indicative singular third-person)
hrundī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
hrundū (active dual first-person indicative)
hrundīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
hrundudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
hrundīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
hrundum (active first-person indicative plural)
hrundīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
hrundud (active indicative plural second-person)
hrundīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
hrundun (active indicative plural third-person)
hrundīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
hrindandz (active participle present)
hrundanaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *hrindan

Old English: hrindan

Old Norse: hrinda

Icelandic: hrinda

Faroese: rinda

Old Swedish: rinda

From Proto-Indo-European *kret- (“to beat, strike, hit”).


mēþiz

mēþiz (nominative singular)
mēþīz (nominative plural)
mēþi (singular vocative)
mēþīz (plural vocative)
mēþį (accusative singular)
mēþinz (accusative plural)
mēþīz (genitive singular)
mēþijǫ̂ (genitive plural)
mēþī (dative singular)
mēþimaz (dative plural)
mēþī (instrumental singular)
mēþimiz (instrumental plural)

Proto-West Germanic: *māþi

Old English: mǣþ

Middle English: mæþ, methe, meth

From Proto-Indo-European *méh₁-ti-s ~ *m̥h₁-téy-s, from *meh₁- (“to measure”) + *-tis.


innganganą

inngangō (active first-person indicative singular)
inngangaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
inngangai (first-person indicative passive singular)
inngangizi (active indicative second-person singular)
inngangaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
inngang (active imperative second-person singular)
inngangazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
inngangaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
inngangidi (active indicative singular third-person)
inngangai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
inngangadau (active imperative singular third-person)
inngangadai (indicative passive singular third-person)
inngangaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
inngangōz (active dual first-person indicative)
inngangaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
inngangadiz (active dual indicative second-person)
inngangaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
inngangadiz (active dual imperative second-person)
inngangamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
inngangaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
inngangandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
inngangaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
inngangid (active indicative plural second-person)
inngangaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
inngangid (active imperative plural second-person)
inngangandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
inngangaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
inngangandi (active indicative plural third-person)
inngangain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
inngangandau (active imperative plural third-person)
inngangandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
inngangaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
inngegang (active first-person indicative singular)
inngegangį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
inngeganht (active indicative second-person singular)
inngegangīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
inngegang (active indicative singular third-person)
inngegangī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
inngegangū (active dual first-person indicative)
inngegangīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
inngegangudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
inngegangīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
inngegangum (active first-person indicative plural)
inngegangīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
inngegangud (active indicative plural second-person)
inngegangīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
inngegangun (active indicative plural third-person)
inngegangīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
inngangandz (active participle present)
innganganaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Old English: ingangan

Middle English: ingangen

Old High German: ingangan

(Old Norse: ganga inn)

Old Swedish: inganga

Gothic: 𐌹𐌽𐌽𐌲𐌰𐌲𐌲𐌰𐌽 (inngaggan)

/ˌinː.ˈɣɑŋ.ɡɑ.nɑ̃/


nīwalaz

*nīwalaz (a-stem)

nīwalaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
nīwalai (masculine nominative plural strong)
nīwalō (feminine nominative singular strong)
nīwalôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
nīwalą (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
nīwalō (neuter nominative plural strong)
nīwalanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
nīwalanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
nīwalǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
nīwalōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
nīwalą (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
nīwalō (accusative neuter plural strong)
nīwalas (genitive masculine singular strong)
-is (genitive masculine singular strong)
nīwalaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
nīwalaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
nīwalaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
nīwalas (genitive neuter singular strong)
-is (genitive neuter singular strong)
nīwalaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
nīwalammai (dative masculine singular strong)
nīwalaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
nīwalaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
nīwalaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
nīwalammai (dative neuter singular strong)
nīwalaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
nīwalanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
nīwalaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
nīwalaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
nīwalaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
nīwalanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
nīwalaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
nīwalô (masculine nominative singular weak)
nīwalaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
nīwalǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
nīwalōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
nīwalô (neuter nominative singular weak)
nīwalōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
nīwalanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
nīwalanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
nīwalōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
nīwalōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
nīwalô (accusative neuter singular weak)
nīwalōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
nīwaliniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
nīwalanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
nīwalōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
nīwalōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
nīwaliniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
nīwalanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
nīwalini (dative masculine singular weak)
nīwalammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
nīwalōni (dative feminine singular weak)
nīwalōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
nīwalini (dative neuter singular weak)
nīwalammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
nīwalinē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
nīwalammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
nīwalōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
nīwalōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
nīwalinē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
nīwalammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

Old English: neowol, nēol, nihol, niwol

Middle English: neall

Middle Low German: nigel, nule (adverb)

Middle Dutch: niel (adverb)

⇒ Middle Dutch: vernielen

Dutch: vernielen

Likely from earlier *nīgwala-, denominative adjective from pre-Germanic *nih₃kʷ- (“looking down, facing down”), compound of Proto-Indo-European *ni (“down”) and *h₃ekʷ- (“to see”). Compare Sanskrit नीच (nīca, “below, down”). For a similar formation, see Ancient Greek ὀπιπεύω (opipeúō) < *h₁opi-h₃kʷ-.


umbiganganą

umbigangō (active first-person indicative singular)
umbigangaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
umbigangai (first-person indicative passive singular)
umbigangizi (active indicative second-person singular)
umbigangaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
umbigang (active imperative second-person singular)
umbigangazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
umbigangaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
umbigangidi (active indicative singular third-person)
umbigangai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
umbigangadau (active imperative singular third-person)
umbigangadai (indicative passive singular third-person)
umbigangaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
umbigangōz (active dual first-person indicative)
umbigangaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
umbigangadiz (active dual indicative second-person)
umbigangaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
umbigangadiz (active dual imperative second-person)
umbigangamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
umbigangaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
umbigangandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
umbigangaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
umbigangid (active indicative plural second-person)
umbigangaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
umbigangid (active imperative plural second-person)
umbigangandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
umbigangaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
umbigangandi (active indicative plural third-person)
umbigangain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
umbigangandau (active imperative plural third-person)
umbigangandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
umbigangaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
umbigegang (active first-person indicative singular)
umbigegangį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
umbigeganht (active indicative second-person singular)
umbigegangīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
umbigegang (active indicative singular third-person)
umbigegangī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
umbigegangū (active dual first-person indicative)
umbigegangīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
umbigegangudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
umbigegangīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
umbigegangum (active first-person indicative plural)
umbigegangīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
umbigegangud (active indicative plural second-person)
umbigegangīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
umbigegangun (active indicative plural third-person)
umbigegangīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
umbigangandz (active participle present)
umbiganganaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Old English: ymbgangan

Middle English: umgangen, umbegangen

Old Saxon: *umbigangan

Middle Low German: *ümmegān

German Low German: ümgahn

Old Dutch: *umbigangan

Middle Dutch: ommegān

Dutch: omgaan

Old High German: umbigangan

(Old Norse: ganga um)


ūtgangaz

ūtgangaz (nominative singular)
ūtgangōz (nominative plural)
ūtgangōs (nominative plural)
ūtgang (singular vocative)
ūtgangōz (plural vocative)
ūtgangōs (plural vocative)
ūtgangą (accusative singular)
ūtganganz (accusative plural)
ūtgangas (genitive singular)
ūtgangis (genitive singular)
ūtgangǫ̂ (genitive plural)
ūtgangai (dative singular)
ūtgangamaz (dative plural)
ūtgangō (instrumental singular)
ūtgangamiz (instrumental plural)

Proto-West Germanic: *ūtgang

Old English: ūtgang

Middle English: outgang

English: outgang

desc

Scots: outgang, ootgang, ootging, utgeng

Old Frisian: ūtgang, ūtgong

Saterland Frisian: Uutgoang

West Frisian: útgong

Old Saxon: ūtgang

Middle Low German: ūtgang

German Low German: Utgang

Plautdietsch: Utgank

Old Dutch: *ūtgang

Middle Dutch: ūtgang

Dutch: uitgang

Afrikaans: uitgang

Old High German: ūzgang

Middle High German: ūzgang

German: Ausgang

Luxembourgish: Ausgank

Old Norse: útgangr

Icelandic: útgangur

Faroese: útgongd

Norn: utgeng

Norwegian: utgang

Old Swedish: ūtganger

Swedish: utgång

Danish: udgang

Elfdalian: autgaungg

Gutnish: äutgangg

/ˈuːt.ˌɣɑŋ.ɡɑz/


skūmaz

skūmaz (nominative singular)
skūmōz (nominative plural)
skūmōs (nominative plural)
skūm (singular vocative)
skūmōz (plural vocative)
skūmōs (plural vocative)
skūmą (accusative singular)
skūmanz (accusative plural)
skūmas (genitive singular)
skūmis (genitive singular)
skūmǫ̂ (genitive plural)
skūmai (dative singular)
skūmamaz (dative plural)
skūmō (instrumental singular)
skūmamiz (instrumental plural)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *skūm
Old Frisian: *skūm
Saterland Frisian: Skuum, Schuum
West Frisian: skûm, skom
Old Saxon: *skūm
Middle Low German: schûm
German Low German: Schuum
Old Dutch: *scūm
Middle Dutch: schuum
Dutch: schuim
Afrikaans: skuim
→ Middle English: scome, scume (partially from Old French escume)
Scots: skum, skoom
English: scum
Old High German: skūm, scūm
Middle High German: schūm
German: Schaum
→ Esperanto: ŝaŭmo
Luxembourgish: Schaum
→ Vulgar Latin: *scūma
Old French: escume
Middle French: escume, écume
French: écume
Medieval Latin: scuma, schuma (see there for further descendants)

Old Norse: *skúmr; *skúm

Icelandic: skúm

Faroese: skúm

Norwegian: skum

Old Swedish: skūm

Swedish: skum

Danish: skum

From Proto-Indo-European *(s)kewH- (“to cover, mask, hide, conceal”).


umbigangaz

umbigangaz (nominative singular)
umbigangōz (nominative plural)
umbigangōs (nominative plural)
umbigang (singular vocative)
umbigangōz (plural vocative)
umbigangōs (plural vocative)
umbigangą (accusative singular)
umbiganganz (accusative plural)
umbigangas (genitive singular)
umbigangis (genitive singular)
umbigangǫ̂ (genitive plural)
umbigangai (dative singular)
umbigangamaz (dative plural)
umbigangō (instrumental singular)
umbigangamiz (instrumental plural)

Proto-West Germanic: *umbigang

Old English: ymbgang

Middle English: umgang, umbegang

English: umgang, umgong

Scots: umgang

Old Frisian: umbegang, umbegung

Saterland Frisian: Uumgong

West Frisian: omgong

Old Saxon: *umbigang

desc

Middle Low German: umbganc, ümmeganc, umganc

Low German: Ümgang

German Low German: Umgang

Old Dutch: *umbigang

Middle Dutch: ommegang

desctree

Dutch: omgang
Afrikaans: omgang
Negerhollands: omgang

Old High German: umbigang

Middle High German: umbeganc

German: Umgang

Luxembourgish: Ëmgang

Old Norse: umgangr

Icelandic: umgangur

Norwegian: omgang

Old Swedish: umganger

Swedish: omgång

Danish: omgang

Derived from *umbiganganą; equivalent to *umbi + *gangaz.


þurhw

Old English: þurh, þuruh

Middle English: thurgh, thurh, thruh

English: through, thorough

Scots: throuch, thorow

Old Frisian:

Saterland Frisian: truch

West Frisian: troch

Old Saxon: thurh

Middle Low German:

German Low German: dörch, dör; dür (Paderbornisch); diör (Münsterländisch)

Old Dutch: thuro
Middle Dutch: dōre
Dutch: door
Afrikaans: deur
Berbice Creole Dutch: doro
Jersey Dutch: dœr
Negerhollands: door
Petjo: door
Skepi Creole Dutch: door
Sranan Tongo: doro
Aukan: doo
Kwinti: doo, doro
Saramaccan: dóu
→ Kari'na: dorome
→ Caribbean Javanese: dhur, dhur-dhuran
→ Papiamentu: dor
Limburgish: doear, doearch, dórch
West Flemish: deur
Zealandic: deu, deur, door

Old High German: duruh

Middle High German: durch

German: durch

Yiddish: דורך (durkh)

→ Hebrew: דוך (dukh)

Hunsrik: dorrich

Likely from Pre-Germanic *tr̥h₂(h₃)kʷ-, a compound of Proto-Indo-European *terh₂- (“to cross”) + *h₃ekʷ- (“to see”). Others take the second element to be *-kʷe. In either event related to Sanskrit तिरस् (tiras, “through”), तिर्यञ्च् (tiryañc, “transverse, horizontal”), Latin trāns.


inngangaz

inngangaz (nominative singular)
inngangōz (nominative plural)
inngangōs (nominative plural)
inngang (singular vocative)
inngangōz (plural vocative)
inngangōs (plural vocative)
inngangą (accusative singular)
innganganz (accusative plural)
inngangas (genitive singular)
inngangis (genitive singular)
inngangǫ̂ (genitive plural)
inngangai (dative singular)
inngangamaz (dative plural)
inngangō (instrumental singular)
inngangamiz (instrumental plural)

Old English: ingang

Middle English: ingang

English: ingang

Old Frisian: ingang, ingong

Saterland Frisian: Iengoang

West Frisian: yngong

Old Saxon: ingang

Middle Low German: inganc

German Low German: Ingang

Plautdietsch: Engank

Old Dutch: *ingang

Middle Dutch: ingang

Dutch: ingang

Afrikaans: ingang

Old High German: ingang

Middle High German: īnganc

German: Eingang

Luxembourgish: Agang, Agank

Old Norse: inngangr

Icelandic: inngangur

Faroese: inngangur, inngongd

Norn: inngeng

Norwegian: inngang

Old Swedish: inganger

Swedish: ingång

Danish: indgang

Elfdalian: ingaungg

Gutnish: ingangg

/ˈinː.ˌɣɑŋ.ɡɑz/

Derived from *innganganą; equivalent to *inn + *gangaz.


afteraz

aftrōzô (comparative)
aftrōstaz (superlative)
afteraz (masculine nominative singular strong)
afterai (masculine nominative plural strong)
afterō (feminine nominative singular strong)
afterôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
afterą (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
afterō (neuter nominative plural strong)
afteranǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
afteranz (accusative masculine plural strong)
afterǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
afterōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
afterą (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
afterō (accusative neuter plural strong)
afteras (genitive masculine singular strong)
-is (genitive masculine singular strong)
afteraizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
afteraizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
afteraizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
afteras (genitive neuter singular strong)
-is (genitive neuter singular strong)
afteraizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
afterammai (dative masculine singular strong)
afteraimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
afteraizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
afteraimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
afterammai (dative neuter singular strong)
afteraimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
afteranō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
afteraimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
afteraizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
afteraimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
afteranō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
afteraimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
afterô (masculine nominative singular weak)
afteraniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
afterǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
afterōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
afterô (neuter nominative singular weak)
afterōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
afteranų (accusative masculine singular weak)
afteranunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
afterōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
afterōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
afterô (accusative neuter singular weak)
afterōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
afteriniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
afteranǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
afterōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
afterōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
afteriniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
afteranǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
afterini (dative masculine singular weak)
afterammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
afterōni (dative feminine singular weak)
afterōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
afterini (dative neuter singular weak)
afterammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
afterinē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
afterammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
afterōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
afterōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
afterinē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
afterammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

*afteraz (a-stem)

Old High German: aftaro

Middle High German: after

From Proto-Indo-European *h₂epó + *-teros (contrastive suffix). See *ab.


merkuz

*merkuz (u-stem)

merkuz (masculine nominative singular strong)
mirkwijai (masculine nominative plural strong)
mirkwī (feminine nominative singular strong)
mirkwijôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
merkų (neuter nominative singular strong)
-ijatō (neuter nominative singular strong)
mirkwijō (neuter nominative plural strong)
mirkwijanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
mirkwijanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
mirkwijǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
mirkwijōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
merkų (accusative neuter singular strong)
-ijatō (accusative neuter singular strong)
mirkwijō (accusative neuter plural strong)
mirkwijas (genitive masculine singular strong)
-īs (genitive masculine singular strong)
mirkwijaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
mirkwijaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
mirkwijaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
mirkwijas (genitive neuter singular strong)
-īs (genitive neuter singular strong)
mirkwijaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
mirkwijammai (dative masculine singular strong)
mirkwijaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
mirkwijaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
mirkwijaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
mirkwijammai (dative neuter singular strong)
mirkwijaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
mirkwijanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
mirkwijaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
mirkwijaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
mirkwijaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
mirkwijanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
mirkwijaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
mirkwijô (masculine nominative singular weak)
mirkwijaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
mirkwijǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
mirkwijōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
mirkwijô (neuter nominative singular weak)
mirkwijōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
mirkwijanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
mirkwijanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
mirkwijōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
mirkwijōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
mirkwijô (accusative neuter singular weak)
mirkwijōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
mirkwīniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
mirkwijanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
mirkwijōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
mirkwijōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
mirkwīniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
mirkwijanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
mirkwīni (dative masculine singular weak)
mirkwijammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
mirkwijōni (dative feminine singular weak)
mirkwijōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
mirkwīni (dative neuter singular weak)
mirkwijammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
mirkwīnē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
mirkwijammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
mirkwijōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
mirkwijōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
mirkwīnē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
mirkwijammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *mirkwī
Old English: mirce, mierce
Middle English: mirke, merke
Scots: mirk, merk, mark
English: mirk, murk
Old Saxon: mirki

Old Norse: myrkr
Icelandic: myrkur
Faroese: myrkur
Norwegian Nynorsk: myrk, mørk
Swedish: mörk
Danish: mørk
Norwegian Bokmål: mørk

→? Proto-Finnic: *mürkkü (“poison”) (see there for further descendants)

From earlier *merkwuz, from Proto-Indo-European *(h₂)mer(H)gʷ- (“dark”), cognate to Proto-Slavic *mergъ (“brown”). Orr summarizes arguments for borrowing from common Slavic into common Germanic. In any case, related to Proto-Slavic *morkъ (“darkness”).


kanô

kanô (nominative singular)
kananiz (nominative plural)
kanô (singular vocative)
kananiz (plural vocative)
kananų (accusative singular)
kananunz (accusative plural)
kaniniz (genitive singular)
kananǫ̂ (genitive plural)
kanini (dative singular)
kanammaz (dative plural)
kaninē (instrumental singular)
kanammiz (instrumental plural)

Proto-West Germanic: *kanō

Old Saxon: *kano

Middle Low German: kāne

German Low German: Kahn (“prison”)

Low German: Kane

→ Old French: cane

French: canard

→ English: canard

Old High German: *kano

Middle High German: kane, kan

German: Kahn

→ Dutch: kaan

Old Norse: kani; (kǿna, kœna)

(Icelandic: kæna)

Norwegian Nynorsk: kane

Swedish: kana

Danish: kane

Norwegian Bokmål: kane

According to the Indogermanisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch, from Proto-Indo-European *gan-, *gandʰ- (“container, vessel”) through an extension *gán(dʰ)ō. Cognates within Indo-European uncertain. Probably related to *kannǭ.


frageldaną

frageldō (active first-person indicative singular)
frageldaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
frageldai (first-person indicative passive singular)
fragildizi (active indicative second-person singular)
frageldaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
frageld (active imperative second-person singular)
frageldazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
frageldaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
fragildidi (active indicative singular third-person)
frageldai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
frageldadau (active imperative singular third-person)
frageldadai (indicative passive singular third-person)
frageldaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
frageldōz (active dual first-person indicative)
frageldaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
frageldadiz (active dual indicative second-person)
frageldaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
frageldadiz (active dual imperative second-person)
frageldamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
frageldaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
frageldandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
frageldaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
fragildid (active indicative plural second-person)
frageldaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
fragildid (active imperative plural second-person)
frageldandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
frageldaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
frageldandi (active indicative plural third-person)
frageldain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
frageldandau (active imperative plural third-person)
frageldandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
frageldaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
fragald (active first-person indicative singular)
fraguldį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
fragalst (active indicative second-person singular)
fraguldīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
fragald (active indicative singular third-person)
fraguldī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
fraguldū (active dual first-person indicative)
fraguldīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
fraguldudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
fraguldīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
fraguldum (active first-person indicative plural)
fraguldīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
fraguldud (active indicative plural second-person)
fraguldīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
fraguldun (active indicative plural third-person)
fraguldīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
frageldandz (active participle present)
fraguldanaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *frageldan

Old English: forġieldan, forġildan

Middle English: forȝelden, foryelden

Scots: foryeild

English: foryield

Old Frisian: forielda, forjelda

Saterland Frisian: ferjäilde

West Frisian: ferjilde

Old Saxon: fargeldan

Middle Low German: forgelden, vorgelden

German Low German: vergelden

Old Dutch: fargeldan

Middle Dutch: vergelden

Dutch: vergelden

Afrikaans: vergeld, vergelde

Old High German: fargeltan

Middle High German: vergelten

German: vergelten

Old Norse: *forgjalda

Old Danish: forgælde (possibly from Low German)

Danish: forgælde

Gothic: 𐍆𐍂𐌰𐌲𐌹𐌻𐌳𐌰𐌽 (fragildan)


fragebaną

fragebō (active first-person indicative singular)
fragebaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
fragebai (first-person indicative passive singular)
fragibizi (active indicative second-person singular)
fragebaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
frageb (active imperative second-person singular)
fragebazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
fragebaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
fragibidi (active indicative singular third-person)
fragebai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
fragebadau (active imperative singular third-person)
fragebadai (indicative passive singular third-person)
fragebaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
fragebōz (active dual first-person indicative)
fragebaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
fragebadiz (active dual indicative second-person)
fragebaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
fragebadiz (active dual imperative second-person)
fragebamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
fragebaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
fragebandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
fragebaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
fragibid (active indicative plural second-person)
fragebaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
fragibid (active imperative plural second-person)
fragebandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
fragebaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
fragebandi (active indicative plural third-person)
fragebain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
fragebandau (active imperative plural third-person)
fragebandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
fragebaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
fragab (active first-person indicative singular)
fragēbį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
fragaft (active indicative second-person singular)
fragēbīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
fragab (active indicative singular third-person)
fragēbī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
fragēbū (active dual first-person indicative)
fragēbīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
fragēbudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
fragēbīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
fragēbum (active first-person indicative plural)
fragēbīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
fragēbud (active indicative plural second-person)
fragēbīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
fragēbun (active indicative plural third-person)
fragēbīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
fragebandz (active participle present)
fragebanaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Old English: forġiefan, forġeofan — Non-West Saxon, forġifan — West Saxon, forġyfan — Late West Saxon
Middle English: foryiven, foryeven, foryive, forȝive, forȝiven, forgiven (influenced by given)
⇒ Middle English: forgiven (influenced by given)
English: forgive
Scots: forgie, firgee, forgae

Old Frisian: urieva
Saterland Frisian: ferjeeuwe
West Frisian: ferjaan

Old Saxon: fargevan, fargeƀan
Middle Low German: vorgeven
German Low German: vergeven, vögiëwen

Old Dutch: *fargevan

Middle Dutch: vergēven
Dutch: vergeven
Afrikaans: vergeef, vergewe
Negerhollands: vergie, vergeven
Skepi Creole Dutch: forgef
Limburgish: vergaeve

Old High German: fargeban

Middle High German: vergeben

desc

Cimbrian: vorghìban, borghìban (Mezzaselva)

German: vergeben

Luxembourgish: verginn

Yiddish: פֿאַרגעבן (fargebn)

Old Norse: fyrirgefa

Icelandic: fyrirgefa

Faroese: fyrigeva

Danish: forgive (obsolete)

Old Swedish: forgiva

Swedish: förgiva (obsolete)

Gothic: 𐍆𐍂𐌰𐌲𐌹𐌱𐌰𐌽 (fragiban)

→? Late Latin: perdōnō (calque) (see there for further descendants)

/ˌɸrɑ.ˈɣe.βɑ.nɑ̃/

From *fra- + *gebaną. Possibly calqued from Late Latin perdōnō, or vice-versa.


austanē

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *austanā
Old English: ēastan
Middle English: easten
Old Saxon: ōstan, ōstana
Old High German: ōstana
Middle High German: ōsten, ōstene

Old Norse: austan
Icelandic: austan
Faroese: eystan
Norwegian Nynorsk: austa, austan
Old Swedish: ø̄stan
Swedish: östan

From *austraz + *-anē. Likely a later formation developed after the reinterpretation of *aus-traz as *aust-raz.


nurþanē

Old English: norþan

Old Saxon: northan

Old High German: nordana

Middle High German: nordane, norden

Old Norse: norðan
Icelandic: norðan
Faroese: norðan
Norwegian Nynorsk: nordan
Old Swedish: norþan
Swedish: nordan
Danish: norden
Norwegian Bokmål: norden


sunþanē

Proto-West Germanic: *sunþanā
Old English: sūþan
Middle English: suthen
Old Saxon: sūthan
Old Dutch: *sūthan
Middle Dutch: sūden
→ German: Süden
→ Alemannic German: Süde
Dutch: zuiden
Old High German: sundan, sundana
Middle High German: sunden

Old Norse: sunnan
Icelandic: sunnan
Faroese: sunnan
Norwegian Nynorsk: sunnan
Old Swedish: sunnan
Swedish: sunnan
Danish: sønden


austrōstaz

austrōst (adverb)
austrōstaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
austrōstai (masculine nominative plural strong)
austrōstō (feminine nominative singular strong)
austrōstôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
austrōstą (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
austrōstō (neuter nominative plural strong)
austrōstanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
austrōstanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
austrōstǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
austrōstōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
austrōstą (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
austrōstō (accusative neuter plural strong)
austrōstas (genitive masculine singular strong)
-is (genitive masculine singular strong)
austrōstaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
austrōstaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
austrōstaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
austrōstas (genitive neuter singular strong)
-is (genitive neuter singular strong)
austrōstaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
austrōstammai (dative masculine singular strong)
austrōstaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
austrōstaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
austrōstaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
austrōstammai (dative neuter singular strong)
austrōstaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
austrōstanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
austrōstaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
austrōstaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
austrōstaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
austrōstanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
austrōstaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
austrōstô (masculine nominative singular weak)
austrōstaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
austrōstǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
austrōstōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
austrōstô (neuter nominative singular weak)
austrōstōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
austrōstanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
austrōstanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
austrōstōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
austrōstōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
austrōstô (accusative neuter singular weak)
austrōstōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
austrōstiniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
austrōstanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
austrōstōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
austrōstōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
austrōstiniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
austrōstanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
austrōstini (dative masculine singular weak)
austrōstammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
austrōstōni (dative feminine singular weak)
austrōstōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
austrōstini (dative neuter singular weak)
austrōstammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
austrōstinē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
austrōstammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
austrōstōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
austrōstōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
austrōstinē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
austrōstammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

*austrōstaz (a-stem)

Old Norse: austastr

Icelandic: austastur

Faroese: eystastur


sunþraz

sunþrizô (comparative)
sunþristaz (superlative)
sunþraz (masculine nominative singular strong)
sunþrai (masculine nominative plural strong)
sunþrō (feminine nominative singular strong)
sunþrôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
sunþrą (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
sunþrō (neuter nominative plural strong)
sunþranǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
sunþranz (accusative masculine plural strong)
sunþrǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
sunþrōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
sunþrą (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
sunþrō (accusative neuter plural strong)
sunþras (genitive masculine singular strong)
-is (genitive masculine singular strong)
sunþraizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
sunþraizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
sunþraizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
sunþras (genitive neuter singular strong)
-is (genitive neuter singular strong)
sunþraizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
sunþrammai (dative masculine singular strong)
sunþraimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
sunþraizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
sunþraimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
sunþrammai (dative neuter singular strong)
sunþraimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
sunþranō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
sunþraimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
sunþraizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
sunþraimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
sunþranō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
sunþraimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
sunþrô (masculine nominative singular weak)
sunþraniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
sunþrǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
sunþrōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
sunþrô (neuter nominative singular weak)
sunþrōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
sunþranų (accusative masculine singular weak)
sunþranunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
sunþrōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
sunþrōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
sunþrô (accusative neuter singular weak)
sunþrōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
sunþriniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
sunþranǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
sunþrōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
sunþrōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
sunþriniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
sunþranǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
sunþrini (dative masculine singular weak)
sunþrammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
sunþrōni (dative feminine singular weak)
sunþrōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
sunþrini (dative neuter singular weak)
sunþrammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
sunþrinē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
sunþrammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
sunþrōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
sunþrōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
sunþrinē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
sunþrammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

*sunþraz (a-stem)

Proto-West Germanic: *sunþr
Old English: sūþ
Middle English: south, souþ, suþ, sowth, suthe, souþe, suth, souht, zouth (Kent)
English: south
Scots: sooth
Yola: zouth
→ Old French: sud, su
Middle French: sud
French: sud
Old Frisian: *sūther
West Frisian: suder, súd
Old Saxon: *sūthar
Middle Low German: sǖder, suder
Old High German: sundar
Middle High German: sunder

From Proto-Indo-European *sh₂ún-teros, from *sóh₂w-l̥ ~ *sh₂w-én-s (“the sun”) + *-teros (directional suffix).


sunþraz

sunþrōz (comparative)
sunþrōst (superlative)

Old English: sūþ

English: south

Old Saxon: sūthar

Old High German: *sundar

Middle High German: sunder

desctree

Old Norse: suðr, sunnr
Icelandic: suður
Faroese: suður
Norn: sud
Norwegian Nynorsk: sud, sør
Norwegian Bokmål: sør
Old Swedish: sudher
Swedish: söder, syd (influenced by Dutch or Low German)
Danish: syd
Norwegian Bokmål: syd
Gutnish: sudar, sudur


westraz

westrōzô (comparative)
westrōstaz (superlative)
westraz (masculine nominative singular strong)
westrai (masculine nominative plural strong)
westrō (feminine nominative singular strong)
westrôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
westrą (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
westrō (neuter nominative plural strong)
westranǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
westranz (accusative masculine plural strong)
westrǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
westrōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
westrą (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
westrō (accusative neuter plural strong)
westras (genitive masculine singular strong)
-is (genitive masculine singular strong)
westraizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
westraizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
westraizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
westras (genitive neuter singular strong)
-is (genitive neuter singular strong)
westraizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
westrammai (dative masculine singular strong)
westraimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
westraizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
westraimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
westrammai (dative neuter singular strong)
westraimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
westranō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
westraimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
westraizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
westraimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
westranō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
westraimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
westrô (masculine nominative singular weak)
westraniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
westrǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
westrōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
westrô (neuter nominative singular weak)
westrōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
westranų (accusative masculine singular weak)
westranunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
westrōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
westrōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
westrô (accusative neuter singular weak)
westrōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
westriniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
westranǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
westrōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
westrōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
westriniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
westranǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
westrini (dative masculine singular weak)
westrammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
westrōni (dative feminine singular weak)
westrōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
westrini (dative neuter singular weak)
westrammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
westrinē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
westrammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
westrōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
westrōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
westrinē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
westrammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

*westraz (a-stem)

Proto-West Germanic: *westr
Old Saxon: westar
Middle Low German: wester
Old High German: westar
Middle High German: wester

PIE word
 *wek(ʷ)speros
From Proto-Indo-European *wek(ʷ)speros (“evening, dusk”), with the -p- passing to -t- under the influence of the dentals in *austraz, *nurþraz, *sunþraz.


westraz

westrōz (comparative)
westrōst (superlative)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *westr
Old English: west
Middle English: west
English: west
Scots: wast
→ Old French: west (see there for further descendants)
Old Frisian: wester
Old High German: westar
Middle Low German: wester

Old Norse: vestr
Icelandic: vestur
Faroese: vestur
Norwegian:
Norwegian Bokmål: vest
Norwegian Nynorsk: vest
Old Swedish: væster, væst
Swedish: väster, väst
Old Danish: væster, væst
Danish: vest, vester


nurþrōzô

nurþrōz (adverb)
nurþrōzô (masculine nominative singular)
nurþrōzaniz (masculine nominative plural)
nurþrōzį̄ (feminine nominative singular)
nurþrōzīniz (feminine nominative plural)
nurþrōzô (neuter nominative singular)
nurþrōzōnō (neuter nominative plural)
nurþrōzanų (accusative masculine singular)
nurþrōzanunz (accusative masculine plural)
nurþrōzīnų (accusative feminine singular)
nurþrōzīnunz (accusative feminine plural)
nurþrōzô (accusative neuter singular)
nurþrōzōnō (accusative neuter plural)
nurþrōziniz (genitive masculine singular)
nurþrōzanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural)
nurþrōzīniz (feminine genitive singular)
nurþrōzīnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural)
nurþrōziniz (genitive neuter singular)
nurþrōzanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural)
nurþrōzini (dative masculine singular)
nurþrōzammaz (dative masculine plural)
nurþrōzīni (dative feminine singular)
nurþrōzīmaz (dative feminine plural)
nurþrōzini (dative neuter singular)
nurþrōzammaz (dative neuter plural)
nurþrōzinē (instrumental masculine singular)
nurþrōzammiz (instrumental masculine plural)
nurþrōzīnē (feminine instrumental singular)
nurþrōzīmiz (feminine instrumental plural)
nurþrōzinē (instrumental neuter singular)
nurþrōzammiz (instrumental neuter plural)

gem-decl-adj-table

*nurþrōzô (an/īn-stem)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *norþrōʀō
Old English: norþra, norþerra
English: norther

Old Norse: norðarri

Faroese: norðari