wōdijaz

*wōdijaz (ja-stem)

wōdijaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
wōdijai (masculine nominative plural strong)
wōdijō (feminine nominative singular strong)
wōdijôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
wōdiją (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
wōdijō (neuter nominative plural strong)
wōdijanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
wōdijanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
wōdijǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
wōdijōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
wōdiją (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
wōdijō (accusative neuter plural strong)
wōdijas (genitive masculine singular strong)
-īs (genitive masculine singular strong)
wōdijaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
wōdijaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
wōdijaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
wōdijas (genitive neuter singular strong)
-īs (genitive neuter singular strong)
wōdijaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
wōdijammai (dative masculine singular strong)
wōdijaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
wōdijaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
wōdijaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
wōdijammai (dative neuter singular strong)
wōdijaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
wōdijanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
wōdijaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
wōdijaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
wōdijaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
wōdijanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
wōdijaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
wōdijô (masculine nominative singular weak)
wōdijaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
wōdijǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
wōdijōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
wōdijô (neuter nominative singular weak)
wōdijōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
wōdijanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
wōdijanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
wōdijōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
wōdijōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
wōdijô (accusative neuter singular weak)
wōdijōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
wōdīniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
wōdijanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
wōdijōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
wōdijōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
wōdīniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
wōdijanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
wōdīni (dative masculine singular weak)
wōdijammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
wōdijōni (dative feminine singular weak)
wōdijōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
wōdīni (dative neuter singular weak)
wōdijammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
wōdīnē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
wōdijammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
wōdijōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
wōdijōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
wōdīnē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
wōdijammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

Old Norse: œðr

Icelandic: væður (v- reintroduced from vaða)


prattuz

prattuz (nominative singular)
prattiwiz (nominative plural)
prattu (singular vocative)
prattiwiz (plural vocative)
prattų (accusative singular)
prattunz (accusative plural)
prattauz (genitive singular)
prattiwǫ̂ (genitive plural)
prattiwi (dative singular)
prattumaz (dative plural)
prattū (instrumental singular)
prattumiz (instrumental plural)

Proto-West Germanic: *prattu

Old English: prætt, præt

Middle English: præt, pret

Scots: pratt, prat, prate, pret

English: prat

Old Frisian: *prat

Saterland Frisian: prat, pret

Old Saxon: *pratt

Middle Low German: pratte

Low German: prot

Old Dutch: *pratt, *prett

desc

Middle Dutch: pratte, prat, parte, perte, pert

Dutch: prat, pret, part

Old Norse: prettr

Icelandic: prettur

Norwegian: prette

→ Scots: prettikin, prattick

Perhaps from pre-Germanic *brod-nú-, from Proto-Indo-European *bred- (“to wander about”). Compare Proto-Slavic *brъditi and Latvian bradāt, both meaning “to talk nonsense”. More at prate, prattle.

der

deceit, trickery, stratagem, list, cunning


kustōną

kustō (active first-person indicative singular)
kustǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
kustōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
kustōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
kustōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
kustō (active imperative second-person singular)
kustōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
kustōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
kustōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
kustō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
kustōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
kustōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
kustōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
kustōs (active dual first-person indicative)
kustōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
kustōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
kustōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
kustōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
kustōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
kustōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
kustōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
kustōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
kustōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
kustōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
kustōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
kustōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
kustōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
kustōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
kustōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
kustōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
kustōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
kustōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
kustōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
kustōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
kustōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
kustōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
kustōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
kustōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
kustōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
kustōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
kustōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
kustōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
kustōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
kustōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
kustōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
kustōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
kustōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
kustōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
kustōndz (active participle present)
kustōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *kostōn
Old English: costian, costnian
Middle English: costnien; bicasten (partially)
English: costen; becast, cast about
Old Frisian: *kostia
Saterland Frisian: kostje
Old Saxon: kostōn
Middle Low German: kosten
Old Dutch: *kosten
Middle Dutch: *costen
Dutch: kosten ("to taste", archaic)
Old High German: kostōn
Middle High German: kosten
German: kosten
Mòcheno: kostn
→ Polish: kosztować

Old Norse: kosta

Icelandic: kosta

Swedish: kosta


metōną

metō (active first-person indicative singular)
metǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
metōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
metōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
metōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
metō (active imperative second-person singular)
metōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
metōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
metōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
metō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
metōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
metōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
metōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
metōs (active dual first-person indicative)
metōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
metōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
metōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
metōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
metōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
metōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
metōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
metōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
metōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
metōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
metōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
metōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
metōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
metōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
metōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
metōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
metōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
metōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
metōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
metōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
metōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
metōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
metōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
metōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
metōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
metōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
metōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
metōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
metōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
metōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
metōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
metōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
metōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
metōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
metōndz (active participle present)
metōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Old English: metegian, metgian, metian

Old Frisian: metigia

Old High German: mezzōn

Middle High German: mezzen

German: messen (merged with other verbs)

Gothic: 𐌼𐌹𐍄𐍉𐌽 (mitōn)

From Proto-Indo-European *med- (“to think about, reason, decide”). Cognate with Latin meditor (“think, reflect, consider”).


rīmaną

rīmō (active first-person indicative singular)
rīmaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
rīmai (first-person indicative passive singular)
rīmizi (active indicative second-person singular)
rīmaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
rīm (active imperative second-person singular)
rīmazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
rīmaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
rīmidi (active indicative singular third-person)
rīmai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
rīmadau (active imperative singular third-person)
rīmadai (indicative passive singular third-person)
rīmaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
rīmōz (active dual first-person indicative)
rīmaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
rīmadiz (active dual indicative second-person)
rīmaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
rīmadiz (active dual imperative second-person)
rīmamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
rīmaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
rīmandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
rīmaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
rīmid (active indicative plural second-person)
rīmaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
rīmid (active imperative plural second-person)
rīmandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
rīmaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
rīmandi (active indicative plural third-person)
rīmain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
rīmandau (active imperative plural third-person)
rīmandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
rīmaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
raim (active first-person indicative singular)
rimį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
raimt (active indicative second-person singular)
rimīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
raim (active indicative singular third-person)
rimī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
rimū (active dual first-person indicative)
rimīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
rimudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
rimīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
rimum (active first-person indicative plural)
rimīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
rimud (active indicative plural second-person)
rimīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
rimun (active indicative plural third-person)
rimīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
rīmandz (active participle present)
rimanaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *rīman
Old English: rīman
Middle English: rimen
English: rime, rhyme
Scots: rime, rhyme
Old Frisian: *rīma
⇒ Saterland Frisian: riemje
West Frisian: rime, rymje
Old Saxon: *rīman
Middle Low German: rîmen
German Low German: riemen
Old Dutch: *rīman
Middle Dutch: rimen
Dutch: rijmen
→ Vulgar Latin: *rīmāre
Old French: rimer
Middle French: rimer
French: rimer
Old High German: *rīman
Middle High German: reimen
German: reimen
Luxembourgish: reimen

From Proto-Indo-European *h₂rey- (“to customise, regulate, order, count, add”). Cognate with Latin reor (“calculate, count, reckon, think”).


erǭ

erǭ (nominative singular)
erōniz (nominative plural)
erǭ (singular vocative)
erōniz (plural vocative)
erōnų (accusative singular)
erōnunz (accusative plural)
erōniz (genitive singular)
erōnǫ̂ (genitive plural)
erōni (dative singular)
erōmaz (dative plural)
erōnē (instrumental singular)
erōmiz (instrumental plural)

Old Norse: jara

Icelandic: jara (poetic, rare)


hlustiz

hlustiz (nominative singular)
hlustīz (nominative plural)
hlusti (singular vocative)
hlustīz (plural vocative)
hlustį (accusative singular)
hlustinz (accusative plural)
hlustīz (genitive singular)
hlustijǫ̂ (genitive plural)
hlustī (dative singular)
hlustimaz (dative plural)
hlustī (instrumental singular)
hlustimiz (instrumental plural)

Old English: hlyst

Middle English: lust, list

English: list

Old Frisian: hlest

Old Saxon: hlust

Middle Low German: lust

Old Dutch: *hlust, *lust

Middle Dutch: lust

Old Norse: hlust

Icelandic: hlust

Faroese: lust

From Proto-Indo-European *ḱlew- (“to hear”). Cognate with Sanskrit श्रुष्टि (śruṣṭi). Related to Irish cluas (“ear”), Latin clueō (“be spoken of, be reputed”).


etǭ

etǭ (nominative singular)
etōniz (nominative plural)
etǭ (singular vocative)
etōniz (plural vocative)
etōnų (accusative singular)
etōnunz (accusative plural)
etōniz (genitive singular)
etōnǫ̂ (genitive plural)
etōni (dative singular)
etōmaz (dative plural)
etōnē (instrumental singular)
etōmiz (instrumental plural)

Old Norse: eta, jata

Icelandic: jata

Norwegian:

Norwegian Nynorsk: ete

Old Swedish: iæta


herdō

herdō (nominative singular)
herdôz (nominative plural)
herdō (singular vocative)
herdôz (plural vocative)
herdǭ (accusative singular)
herdōz (accusative plural)
herdōz (genitive singular)
herdǫ̂ (genitive plural)
herdōi (dative singular)
herdōmaz (dative plural)
herdō (instrumental singular)
herdōmiz (instrumental plural)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *herdu
Old English: heord, hierd
Middle English: heorde, herde, heerde
English: herd
Scots: hird, herd
Old Frisian: *herde; (herdere)
(West Frisian: harder, hoeder)
Old Saxon: herda
Middle Low German: hērde, hirde
German Low German: Heerde
Old Dutch: *herda
Middle Dutch: herde, harde, hāerde, hēerde, hirde
Old High German: herta
Middle High German: hërt
German: Herde
Luxembourgish: Häerd
→ Old French: herde
Middle French: harde
French: harde

Old Norse: hjǫrð
Icelandic: hjörð
Faroese: hjørð
Norwegian: hjord
Old Swedish: hiorþ
Swedish: hjord
Danish: hjord

Gothic: 𐌷𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌳𐌰 (hairda)

From Proto-Indo-European *ḱerdʰ- (“file, row, herd”). Cognate with Russian череда́ (čeredá, “train, sequence”).


kradô

kradô (nominative singular)
kradaniz (nominative plural)
kradô (singular vocative)
kradaniz (plural vocative)
kradanų (accusative singular)
krattunz (accusative plural)
krattaz (genitive singular)
krattǫ̂ (genitive plural)
kradini (dative singular)
kradummaz (dative plural)
krattē (instrumental singular)
kradummiz (instrumental plural)

(Old English: crat, cræt n)

(Middle English: kart, cart)

(English: cart)

Old Frisian: *krat, *kret

West Frisian: kret

Old Dutch: *kratto, *kratta

Middle Dutch: cratte

Dutch: krat, kret

→ English: crate

desc

Old High German: kratto, chratto, kretto, krezzo, chrezzo

Middle High German: kratte, krazze, kretze, krezze

German: Kratten, Krätze, Kretze

From Pre-Germanic *grotHón-, from Proto-Indo-European *gretH- (“to tie”). Cognate with Sanskrit ग्रथ्नाति (grathnāti, “to tie, string together”).


jaatjaną

jaatjō (active first-person indicative singular)
jaatjaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
jaatjai (first-person indicative passive singular)
jaatisi (active indicative second-person singular)
jaatjais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
jaati (active imperative second-person singular)
jaatjasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
jaatjaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
jaatiþi (active indicative singular third-person)
jaatjai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
jaatjaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
jaatjaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
jaatjaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
jaatjōs (active dual first-person indicative)
jaatjaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
jaatjaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
jaatjaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
jaatjaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
jaatjamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
jaatjaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
jaatjanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
jaatjainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
jaatiþ (active indicative plural second-person)
jaatjaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
jaatiþ (active imperative plural second-person)
jaatjanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
jaatjainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
jaatjanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
jaatjain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
jaatjanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
jaatjanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
jaatjainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
jaastǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
jaastēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
jaastēz (active indicative second-person singular)
jaastēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
jaastē (active indicative singular third-person)
jaastēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
jaastēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
jaastēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
jaastēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
jaastēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
jaastēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
jaastēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
jaastēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
jaastēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
jaastēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
jaastēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
jaatjandz (active participle present)
jaatidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *jaattjan
Old English: ġēatan
Middle English: ȝeaten, ȝaten, yeten
Old Frisian: gēta, gāta
⇒? Saterland Frisian: bijeedje
⇒? West Frisian: itigje, ytsje
Old Dutch: *jāetten, *jātten, *jāten
⇒? Middle Dutch: jaet (adverb, particle, interjection)
Old High German: jāezzen, jāzen
Middle High German: jāzen
⇒ Middle High German: bejāzen
⇒ Middle High German: verjāzen, verjāgen
⇒ Old High German: gijāezzen, gijāzen

Old Norse: játa, játta

Icelandic: játa

Faroese: játta

Norwegian Nynorsk: jata, jatta

Old Swedish: iǣt(t)a, iāt(t)a

Old Danish: jate

Danish: jætte, jatte; ⇒ forjætte

Norwegian Bokmål: jatte; forjette

to say ‘yes’, assent (to), consent, confirm, grant


ētijaz

*ētijaz (ja-stem)

ētijaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
ētijai (masculine nominative plural strong)
ētijō (feminine nominative singular strong)
ētijôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
ētiją (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
ētijō (neuter nominative plural strong)
ētijanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
ētijanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
ētijǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
ētijōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
ētiją (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
ētijō (accusative neuter plural strong)
ētijas (genitive masculine singular strong)
-īs (genitive masculine singular strong)
ētijaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
ētijaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
ētijaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
ētijas (genitive neuter singular strong)
-īs (genitive neuter singular strong)
ētijaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
ētijammai (dative masculine singular strong)
ētijaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
ētijaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
ētijaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
ētijammai (dative neuter singular strong)
ētijaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
ētijanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
ētijaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
ētijaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
ētijaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
ētijanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
ētijaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
ētijô (masculine nominative singular weak)
ētijaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
ētijǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
ētijōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
ētijô (neuter nominative singular weak)
ētijōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
ētijanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
ētijanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
ētijōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
ētijōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
ētijô (accusative neuter singular weak)
ētijōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
ētīniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
ētijanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
ētijōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
ētijōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
ētīniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
ētijanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
ētīni (dative masculine singular weak)
ētijammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
ētijōni (dative feminine singular weak)
ētijōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
ētīni (dative neuter singular weak)
ētijammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
ētīnē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
ētijammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
ētijōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
ētijōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
ētīnē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
ētijammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

Old English: *ǣte, miċelǣte, oferǣte

Old Saxon: *āti

Middle Low German: ēte

Old High German: *āzi

Middle High German: ǣze

Old Norse: ætr

Icelandic: ætur

Norwegian Nynorsk: -æt

From the same Proto-Indo-European [Term?] word as Sanskrit आद्य (ādyá). Equivalent to *etaną + *-ijaz.


faigijaz

*faigijaz (ja-stem)

faigijaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
faigijai (masculine nominative plural strong)
faigijō (feminine nominative singular strong)
faigijôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
faigiją (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
faigijō (neuter nominative plural strong)
faigijanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
faigijanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
faigijǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
faigijōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
faigiją (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
faigijō (accusative neuter plural strong)
faigijas (genitive masculine singular strong)
-īs (genitive masculine singular strong)
faigijaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
faigijaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
faigijaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
faigijas (genitive neuter singular strong)
-īs (genitive neuter singular strong)
faigijaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
faigijammai (dative masculine singular strong)
faigijaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
faigijaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
faigijaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
faigijammai (dative neuter singular strong)
faigijaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
faigijanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
faigijaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
faigijaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
faigijaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
faigijanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
faigijaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
faigijô (masculine nominative singular weak)
faigijaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
faigijǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
faigijōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
faigijô (neuter nominative singular weak)
faigijōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
faigijanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
faigijanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
faigijōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
faigijōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
faigijô (accusative neuter singular weak)
faigijōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
faigīniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
faigijanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
faigijōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
faigijōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
faigīniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
faigijanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
faigīni (dative masculine singular weak)
faigijammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
faigijōni (dative feminine singular weak)
faigijōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
faigīni (dative neuter singular weak)
faigijammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
faigīnē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
faigijammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
faigijōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
faigijōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
faigīnē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
faigijammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

Proto-West Germanic: *faigī
Old English: fǣġe
Middle English: fey, feye, fay, faie, veie, veye, faye, fei, vey, fæie, væie, fæy, feiȝe, vaiȝe, feaye (Early Middle English)
English: fey, fay
Scots: fey
Old Saxon: fēgi
Middle Low German: veige
Old Dutch: *fēgi
Middle Dutch: vege
Dutch: veeg
Old High German: feigi
Middle High German: veige
Alemannic German: fiig
German: feige, feig (colloquial or poetic)

Old Norse: feigr, ᚠᛆᛁᚴᛁᚭᚿ (faikiąn) — Rök runestone
Icelandic: feigur
Faroese: feigur
Norwegian: feig; (dialectal) feig’u, feig’e, feg
Old Swedish: fēgher
Swedish: feg
Old Danish: fegh
Danish: fej, fejg
Norwegian Bokmål: feig

→? Proto-Finnic: *peijeh (see there for further descendants)

→ Proto-Samic:

Northern Sami: váiggas

Southern Sami: faajkes

Probably related to one of the forms of *faihaz (“hostile”) or ("colored"), with the latter potentially indicating a meaning of "marked for death".


faigiþō

faigiþō (nominative singular)
faigiþôz (nominative plural)
faigiþō (singular vocative)
faigiþôz (plural vocative)
faigiþǭ (accusative singular)
faigiþōz (accusative plural)
faigiþōz (genitive singular)
faigiþǫ̂ (genitive plural)
faigiþōi (dative singular)
faigiþōmaz (dative plural)
faigiþō (instrumental singular)
faigiþōmiz (instrumental plural)

Proto-West Germanic: *faigiþu
Old English: fǣġþ

Old Norse: feigð
Icelandic: feigð
Faroese: feigð, feigd
Norwegian Nynorsk: feigd
Swedish: fegd

/ˈɸɑi̯.ɣi.θɔː/


landijaną

landijō (active first-person indicative singular)
landijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
landijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
landīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
landijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
landī (active imperative second-person singular)
landijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
landijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
landīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
landijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
landijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
landijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
landijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
landijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
landijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
landijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
landijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
landijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
landijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
landijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
landijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
landijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
landīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
landijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
landīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
landijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
landijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
landijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
landijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
landijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
landijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
landijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
landidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
landidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
landidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
landidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
landidē (active indicative singular third-person)
landidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
landidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
landidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
landidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
landidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
landidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
landidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
landidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
landidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
landidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
landidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
landijandz (active participle present)
landidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *landijan
Old English: lendan
Middle English: lenden, leende, leind, lend, lende, lendyn, leynd, leynde, lyende, lynde
Old Frisian: *lenda
⇒ Old Frisian: onlenda, undlenda
Old Saxon: *lendian
Middle Low German: lenden
Old Dutch: *lenden
Middle Dutch: lenden
⇒ Middle Dutch: belenden
Dutch: belenden
Old High German: lenten
Middle High German: lenten, lenden, leinten
German: länden (obsolete)

Old Norse: lenda

Icelandic: lenda

Faroese: lenda

Norwegian:

Norwegian Nynorsk: lende

Old Swedish: lænda

Swedish: lända (obsolete), landa

Old Danish: lændhe

Danish: lænde (obsolete), lande


hwarbijaną

hwarbijō (active first-person indicative singular)
hwarbijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
hwarbijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
hwarbīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
hwarbijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
hwarbī (active imperative second-person singular)
hwarbijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
hwarbijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
hwarbīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
hwarbijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
hwarbijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
hwarbijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
hwarbijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
hwarbijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
hwarbijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
hwarbijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
hwarbijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
hwarbijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
hwarbijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
hwarbijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
hwarbijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
hwarbijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
hwarbīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
hwarbijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
hwarbīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
hwarbijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
hwarbijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
hwarbijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
hwarbijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
hwarbijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
hwarbijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
hwarbijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
hwarbidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
hwarbidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
hwarbidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
hwarbidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
hwarbidē (active indicative singular third-person)
hwarbidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
hwarbidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
hwarbidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
hwarbidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
hwarbidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
hwarbidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
hwarbidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
hwarbidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
hwarbidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
hwarbidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
hwarbidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
hwarbijandz (active participle present)
hwarbidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *hwarbijan
Old English: hwierfan
Old Saxon: hwerbian
Old High German: werban

Old Norse: hverfa

Icelandic: hverfa

Faroese: hvørva

Norwegian: kverve

Old Danish: hwærfæ

Danish: hverve, hverre


niitjaną

niitjō (active first-person indicative singular)
niitjaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
niitjai (first-person indicative passive singular)
niitisi (active indicative second-person singular)
niitjais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
niiti (active imperative second-person singular)
niitjasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
niitjaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
niitiþi (active indicative singular third-person)
niitjai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
niitjaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
niitjaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
niitjaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
niitjōs (active dual first-person indicative)
niitjaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
niitjaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
niitjaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
niitjaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
niitjamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
niitjaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
niitjanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
niitjainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
niitiþ (active indicative plural second-person)
niitjaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
niitiþ (active imperative plural second-person)
niitjanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
niitjainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
niitjanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
niitjain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
niitjanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
niitjanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
niitjainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
niistǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
niistēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
niistēz (active indicative second-person singular)
niistēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
niistē (active indicative singular third-person)
niistēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
niistēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
niistēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
niistēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
niistēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
niistēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
niistēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
niistēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
niistēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
niistēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
niistēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
niitjandz (active participle present)
niitidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Old English: nǣtan (< *naitijaną)

Old Norse: níta; neita (< *naitijaną)

Icelandic: neita

→ Middle English: niten; naiten

Scots: nyte, nite

English: nait


marǭ

marǭ (nominative singular)
marōniz (nominative plural)
marǭ (singular vocative)
marōniz (plural vocative)
marōnų (accusative singular)
marōnunz (accusative plural)
marōniz (genitive singular)
marōnǫ̂ (genitive plural)
marōni (dative singular)
marōmaz (dative plural)
marōnē (instrumental singular)
marōmiz (instrumental plural)

Proto-West Germanic: *marā
Old English: mare
Middle English: mare
Scots: mare, mair
English: mare
Old Saxon: *mara
Middle Low German: māre, mar m
Old Dutch: *mara
Middle Dutch: māre
Dutch: mare, maar
Old High German: mara
Middle High German: mare, mar
German: Mahr

Old Norse: mara

Icelandic: mara

Norwegian: mara, mare

Old Swedish: mara

Swedish: mara

Danish: mare

From Proto-Indo-European *mor- (“malicious female spirit”), from *mer- (“to die”). Cognate with Serbo-Croatian мо̏ра (“nightmare”), Old Irish Morrígan (“phantom queen”).


nakwōną

nakwō (active first-person indicative singular)
nakwǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
nakwōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
nakwōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
nakwōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
nakwō (active imperative second-person singular)
nakwōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
nakwōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
nakwōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
nakwō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
nakwōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
nakwōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
nakwōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
nakwōs (active dual first-person indicative)
nakwōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
nakwōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
nakwōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
nakwōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
nakwōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
nakwōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
nakwōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
nakwōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
nakwōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
nakwōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
nakwōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
nakwōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
nakwōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
nakwōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
nakwōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
nakwōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
nakwōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
nakwōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
nakwōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
nakwōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
nakwōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
nakwōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
nakwōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
nakwōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
nakwōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
nakwōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
nakwōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
nakwōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
nakwōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
nakwōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
nakwōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
nakwōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
nakwōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
nakwōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
nakwōndz (active participle present)
nakwōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *nakōn

Old English: nacian; (nacod)

Middle English: naken; (naked)

Scots: nake; (nakit)

English: nake; (naked)

⇒ Middle English: nakenen

English: naken

Old Frisian: *nakja; (naked, naket)

Old Saxon: *nakōn; (*nakot)

(Middle Low German: nāket)

Old Dutch: *nakōn; (*nakot)

(Middle Dutch: nāket, naect)

(Dutch: naakt)

Old High German: *nakōn, *nachōn; (nakot, nacot, naccot, nackot, nachot, nahhut)

Middle High German: nacken (naket, nacket)

(German: nackt)

⇒ Middle High German: entnacken

Old Norse: nǫkkva, nøkkva

Icelandic: nökkva

Old Swedish: nakuðer

/ˈnɑ.kʷɔː.nɑ̃/

From Proto-Indo-European *negʷ- (“naked”).


wrītaną

wrītō (active first-person indicative singular)
wrītaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
wrītai (first-person indicative passive singular)
wrītizi (active indicative second-person singular)
wrītaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
wrīt (active imperative second-person singular)
wrītazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
wrītaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
wrītidi (active indicative singular third-person)
wrītai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
wrītadau (active imperative singular third-person)
wrītadai (indicative passive singular third-person)
wrītaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
wrītōz (active dual first-person indicative)
wrītaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
wrītadiz (active dual indicative second-person)
wrītaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
wrītadiz (active dual imperative second-person)
wrītamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
wrītaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
wrītandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
wrītaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
wrītid (active indicative plural second-person)
wrītaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
wrītid (active imperative plural second-person)
wrītandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
wrītaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
wrītandi (active indicative plural third-person)
wrītain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
wrītandau (active imperative plural third-person)
wrītandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
wrītaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
wrait (active first-person indicative singular)
writį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
wraist (active indicative second-person singular)
writīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
wrait (active indicative singular third-person)
writī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
writū (active dual first-person indicative)
writīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
writudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
writīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
writum (active first-person indicative plural)
writīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
writud (active indicative plural second-person)
writīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
writun (active indicative plural third-person)
writīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
wrītandz (active participle present)
writanaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *wrītan
Old English: wrītan
Middle English: writen
English: write
Scots: writ, wryte, wret
Old Frisian: wrīta
Saterland Frisian: riete
West Frisian: write
Old Saxon: wrītan
Middle Low German: wrîten
German Low German: rieten
Low German: rieten, reeten (Westmünsterland)
Old Dutch: *wrītan
Middle Dutch: writen
Dutch: wrijten
Old High German: rīzan, ᚹᚱᚨᛁᛏ (wrait), ᚹᚱᚨᛖᛏ (wraet)
Middle High German: rīzen
German: reißen
→ Danish: ridse
Luxembourgish: räissen
→ Polish: rysować
→ Belarusian: рысава́ць (rysavácʹ)
→ Russian: рисова́ть (risovátʹ)
→ Ukrainian: рисува́ти (rysuváty)

Proto-Norse: ᚹᚱᚨᛁᛏᚨ (wraita), ᚹᚨᚱᛡᛁᛏ (warᴀit), ᚹᚨᚱᛁᛏᚢ (waritu)

Old Norse: ríta; rita

Icelandic: rita

Faroese: rita

Norwegian: rita

Old Swedish: rita

Swedish: rita

Of unclear origin.
Kroonen derives the root from a Proto-Indo-European *wreyd-, with no known cognates outside of Germanic.
Pokorny and Lehmann suggest that the root is a d-extension of a Proto-Indo-European *wer- (“to cut, scratch”), for which see Old Armenian գիր (gir, “letter; writing”) for more possible cognates. Latin rīma (“cleft, crack”) may also continue this same root.


hūdijaną

hūdijō (active first-person indicative singular)
hūdijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
hūdijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
hūdīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
hūdijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
hūdī (active imperative second-person singular)
hūdijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
hūdijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
hūdīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
hūdijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
hūdijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
hūdijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
hūdijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
hūdijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
hūdijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
hūdijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
hūdijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
hūdijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
hūdijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
hūdijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
hūdijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
hūdijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
hūdīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
hūdijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
hūdīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
hūdijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
hūdijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
hūdijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
hūdijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
hūdijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
hūdijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
hūdijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
hūdidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
hūdidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
hūdidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
hūdidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
hūdidē (active indicative singular third-person)
hūdidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
hūdidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
hūdidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
hūdidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
hūdidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
hūdidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
hūdidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
hūdidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
hūdidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
hūdidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
hūdidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
hūdijandz (active participle present)
hūdidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *hūdijan
Old English: hȳdan
Middle English: huden, hyden, hiden
English: hide
Scots: hide, hyde
Old Frisian: hūda, hēda
Old Saxon: *hūdian
Middle Low German: hü̂den
Low German: hüden
⇒ Low German: verhüden
Old Dutch: *hūden
Middle Dutch: huden
Dutch: huiden

From Proto-Indo-European *(s)kewdʰ- (“to cover, encase”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kewH- (“to hide, wrap up, conceal”). Cognate with Welsh cuddio (“hide”), Latin cū̆stōs (“guard, protector”), Ancient Greek κεύθω (keúthō, “to conceal”).


aba-

Old English: æf-, af-, of-

Old Norse: af-

Faroese: av-

Icelandic: af-

Swedish: av-

Danish: af-

Gothic: 𐌰𐍆- (af-)

From pre-Germanic *h₂epó-, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂epó.


wartǭ

wartǭ (nominative singular)
wartōniz (nominative plural)
wartǭ (singular vocative)
wartōniz (plural vocative)
wartōnų (accusative singular)
wartōnunz (accusative plural)
wartōniz (genitive singular)
wartōnǫ̂ (genitive plural)
wartōni (dative singular)
wartōmaz (dative plural)
wartōnē (instrumental singular)
wartōmiz (instrumental plural)

Old English: wearte

Middle English: warte, wrette, werte

English: wart, wrot (dialectal)

Scots: wrat

Old Frisian: warte, worte

Saterland Frisian: Wotte, Woote

West Frisian: wart

Old Saxon: warta, *wratta

Middle Low German: warte, worte, wratte

Low German: Waart, Wratt

Old Dutch: *warta, wratt

Middle Dutch: wratte, warte, worte

Dutch: wrat

⇒ Afrikaans: vratjie

Old High German: warza, werza

Middle High German: warze, werze

Cimbrian: bèertza

German: Warze

Hunsrik: Waarz

Luxembourgish: Waarzel

Old Norse: varta

Icelandic: varta

Faroese: vørta (“nipple”)

Norwegian Bokmål: vorte

Norwegian Nynorsk: vorte

Old Swedish: varta

Swedish: vårta

Old Danish: wartæ

Danish: vorte

From Proto-Indo-European *wers-. Cognate with Latin verrūca (“high place; excrescence, wart”), Lithuanian viršus (“top”), Old Church Slavonic врьхъ (vrĭxŭ, “top, peak”), Ancient Greek ἕρμα (hérma, “reef, rock, hill”), Sanskrit वर्ष्मन् (varṣman, “protrusion, summit, peak, top, vertex”).


hulōną

hulō (active first-person indicative singular)
hulǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
hulōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
hulōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
hulōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
hulō (active imperative second-person singular)
hulōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
hulōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
hulōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
hulō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
hulōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
hulōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
hulōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
hulōs (active dual first-person indicative)
hulōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
hulōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
hulōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
hulōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
hulōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
hulōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
hulōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
hulōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
hulōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
hulōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
hulōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
hulōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
hulōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
hulōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
hulōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
hulōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
hulōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
hulōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
hulōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
hulōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
hulōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
hulōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
hulōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
hulōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
hulōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
hulōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
hulōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
hulōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
hulōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
hulōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
hulōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
hulōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
hulōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
hulōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
hulōndz (active participle present)
hulōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *holōn

Old English: holian

Middle English: holen

English: hole

Old Saxon: *holōn

Middle Low German: holen

Old Dutch: *holon

Middle Dutch: holen

Dutch: holen (obsolete), hollen (backformed to the adjective)

Old High German: holōn

Middle High German: holen

Old Norse: hola

Icelandic: hola

Gothic: *𐌷𐌿𐌻𐍉𐌽 (*hulōn)

Gothic: 𐌿𐍃𐌷𐌿𐌻𐍉𐌽 (ushulōn)

From *hulaz (“hollow”) + *-ōną, or *hulą (“hole”) + *-ōną.


kulþaz

kulþaz (nominative singular)
kulþōz (nominative plural)
kulþōs (nominative plural)
kulþ (singular vocative)
kulþōz (plural vocative)
kulþōs (plural vocative)
kulþą (accusative singular)
kulþanz (accusative plural)
kulþas (genitive singular)
kulþis (genitive singular)
kulþǫ̂ (genitive plural)
kulþai (dative singular)
kulþamaz (dative plural)
kulþō (instrumental singular)
kulþamiz (instrumental plural)

Old Norse: *kollr (kollʀ in a runic inscription)

Norwegian: kull

Old Swedish: kulder, kolder

Swedish: kull, kulla

Danish: kuld

Jutish: kold


flaiski

flaiski (nominative singular)
flaiskī (nominative plural)
flaiski (singular vocative)
flaiskī (plural vocative)
flaiski (accusative singular)
flaiskī (accusative plural)
flaiskīz (genitive singular)
flaiskijǫ̂ (genitive plural)
flaiskī (dative singular)
flaiskimaz (dative plural)
flaiskī (instrumental singular)
flaiskimiz (instrumental plural)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *flaiski
Old English: flǣsċ
Middle English: flesh
English: flesh
Scots: flesch
Yola: vleash, vlesh
Old Frisian: flāsk, flēsk
North Frisian:
Mooring: flååsch
Saterland Frisian: Flaask
West Frisian: fleis
Old Saxon: flēsk
Middle Low German: vlêsk, vlêsch, vlês
German Low German:(Can we clean up⁽⁺⁾ this sense?)
Low Prussian: Sauerländisch (Olpe, Wenden): Fleisch
Märkisch (Altmärkisch), Westphalian (Bentheimisch): Fleesch
Märkisch (Altmärkisch), Westphalian (Westmünsterländisch): Fleesk
Westphalian:
Bentheimisch (Grafschaf), Sauerländisch (Sündern, Balve, Eslohe, Attendorn, Drolshagen, Kirchhundem): Fläis
Bentheimisch (Grafschaf), Westmünsterländisch: Flees
East Westphalian (Ravensberg), Sauerländisch: Fläisk
East Westphalian: Floisk (Lippe)
Sauerländisch: Flääsk (Niedersfeld), Flais (Felbecke, Elspe)
Plautdietsch: Fleesch
Old Dutch: flēsc
Middle Dutch: vlêesch
Dutch: vlees
Afrikaans: vleis
Negerhollands: vleesch, fleis, vleis
→ West Frisian: fleis
Limburgish: vleisj
Old High German: fleisk
Middle High German: fleisch, fleis, vleisch
Alemannic German:
Swabian: Floisch
Bavarian:
Cimbrian: vlòas, blòas, vlaisch
Central Franconian: Fleesch, Fleisch, Flääsch
Hunsrik: Fleisch
Luxembourgish: Fleesch
German: Fleisch
Rhine Franconian: Flaasch, Flaisch, Fleesch
Pennsylvania German: Fleesch
Vilamovian: fłaś
Yiddish: פֿלייש (fleysh)

Old Norse: fleski, flesk

Icelandic: fleski, flesk

Faroese: flesk

Norwegian: flesk

Old Swedish: flæsk

Swedish: fläsk

→ Finnish: läski

Old Danish: flæsk

Danish: flæsk

From Proto-Indo-European *pleh₁ḱ- (“to tear, peel off”).


babalōną

babalō (active first-person indicative singular)
babalǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
babalōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
babalōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
babalōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
babalō (active imperative second-person singular)
babalōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
babalōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
babalōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
babalō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
babalōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
babalōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
babalōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
babalōs (active dual first-person indicative)
babalōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
babalōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
babalōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
babalōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
babalōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
babalōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
babalōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
babalōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
babalōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
babalōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
babalōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
babalōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
babalōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
babalōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
babalōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
babalōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
babalōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
babalōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
babalōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
babalōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
babalōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
babalōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
babalōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
babalōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
babalōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
babalōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
babalōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
babalōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
babalōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
babalōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
babalōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
babalōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
babalōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
babalōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
babalōndz (active participle present)
babalōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desc

Proto-West Germanic: *babalōn, *bablōn, *wablōn

Old English: *bablian, *bæblian, *bæflian, wæflian

Middle English: bablen, babelen; *waffelen

Scots: bable, babil

English: babble, waffle

Old Frisian: *babelia

Saterland Frisian: babbelje, bale

West Frisian: babbelje

Old Saxon: *bablōn

Middle Low German: babbelen; brabbelen, brabbeln

Low German: babbeln

Plautdietsch: baublen

→ German: brabbeln

Old Dutch: *bablon

Middle Dutch: babbelen

Dutch: babbelen

Afrikaans: babbel

→ Old French: babiller

Middle French: babiller

French: babiller

→ Latin: babellare

Old High German: *papalōn, *babalōn; blabazzen

Middle High German: *papelen, *babelen; blabezen, blebezen, blebzen

German: pappeln, bappeln, babbeln; plappern

Old Norse: babbla

Icelandic: babla

Faroese: babla

Norwegian: bable

Swedish: babbla

Danish: bable, bavle

Gutnish: båbble, babble

Scanian: bebla

/ˈbɑ.βɑ.lɔː.nɑ̃/

From *baba- + *-lōną, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰa-bʰa-, perhaps a reduplication of Proto-Indo-European *bʰā- (“to say”), or a variant of onomatopoeic *baba- (“to talk vaguely, mumble”), or a merger of the two.


hlandą

hlandą (nominative singular)
hlandą (singular vocative)
hlandą (accusative singular)
hlandas (genitive singular)
hlandis (genitive singular)
hlandai (dative singular)
hlandō (instrumental singular)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *hland
Old English: hland, hlond
Middle English: *land
Scots: lint
English: land, lant
Old Dutch: *land
Middle Dutch: lant

Old Norse: hland

Icelandic: hland

Faroese: land

Norwegian: land

Old Swedish: land

→? Finnish: lanta


skarpaz

*skarpaz (a-stem)

skarpaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
skarpai (masculine nominative plural strong)
skarpō (feminine nominative singular strong)
skarpôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
skarpą (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
skarpō (neuter nominative plural strong)
skarpanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
skarpanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
skarpǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
skarpōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
skarpą (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
skarpō (accusative neuter plural strong)
skarpas (genitive masculine singular strong)
-is (genitive masculine singular strong)
skarpaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
skarpaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
skarpaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
skarpas (genitive neuter singular strong)
-is (genitive neuter singular strong)
skarpaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
skarpammai (dative masculine singular strong)
skarpaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
skarpaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
skarpaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
skarpammai (dative neuter singular strong)
skarpaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
skarpanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
skarpaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
skarpaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
skarpaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
skarpanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
skarpaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
skarpô (masculine nominative singular weak)
skarpaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
skarpǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
skarpōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
skarpô (neuter nominative singular weak)
skarpōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
skarpanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
skarpanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
skarpōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
skarpōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
skarpô (accusative neuter singular weak)
skarpōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
skarpiniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
skarpanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
skarpōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
skarpōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
skarpiniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
skarpanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
skarpini (dative masculine singular weak)
skarpammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
skarpōni (dative feminine singular weak)
skarpōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
skarpini (dative neuter singular weak)
skarpammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
skarpinē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
skarpammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
skarpōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
skarpōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
skarpinē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
skarpammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

Proto-West Germanic: *skarp
Old English: sċarp, sċearp
Middle English: scharp
Scots: scharp
English: sharp
Old Frisian: skerp, skarp
Saterland Frisian: skärp, skäärp, schäärp
West Frisian: skerp
Old Saxon: skarp
Middle Low German: scharp
Low German: scharp
Old Dutch: scarp
Middle Dutch: scharp
Dutch: scherp
Limburgish: sjèrp
Old High German: scarf, scarph
Middle High German: scharpf
Alemannic German: scharpf
Bavarian: scharf
Central Franconian: schärp, scharp (eastern Ripuarian), scharf (Moselle Franconian; now alternatively in Ripuarian via German)
German: scharf
Hunsrik: schaaref
Luxembourgish: schaarf
Yiddish: שאַרף (sharf)
→ Old Catalan: escarp
Catalan: esquerp

Old Norse: skarpr
Icelandic: skarpur
Faroese: skarpur
Norwegian Bokmål: skarp
Norwegian Nynorsk: skarp
Old Swedish: skarper
Swedish: skarp
Danish: skarp

Gothic: *𐍃𐌺𐌰𐍂𐍀𐍃 (*skarps)

⇒ Gothic: *𐍃𐌺𐌰𐍂𐍀𐌰 (*skarpa)

→? Italian: scarpa (see there for further descendants)

An o-grade adjective derived from *skerpaną, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kerb-, from *(s)ker- (“to cut”).


nakwadaz

*nakwadaz (a-stem)

nakwadaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
nakwadai (masculine nominative plural strong)
nakwadō (feminine nominative singular strong)
nakwadôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
nakwadą (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
nakwadō (neuter nominative plural strong)
nakwadanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
nakwadanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
nakwadǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
nakwadōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
nakwadą (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
nakwadō (accusative neuter plural strong)
nakwadas (genitive masculine singular strong)
-is (genitive masculine singular strong)
nakwadaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
nakwadaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
nakwadaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
nakwadas (genitive neuter singular strong)
-is (genitive neuter singular strong)
nakwadaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
nakwadammai (dative masculine singular strong)
nakwadaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
nakwadaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
nakwadaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
nakwadammai (dative neuter singular strong)
nakwadaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
nakwadanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
nakwadaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
nakwadaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
nakwadaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
nakwadanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
nakwadaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
nakwadô (masculine nominative singular weak)
nakwadaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
nakwadǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
nakwadōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
nakwadô (neuter nominative singular weak)
nakwadōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
nakwadanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
nakwadanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
nakwadōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
nakwadōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
nakwadô (accusative neuter singular weak)
nakwadōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
nakwadiniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
nakwadanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
nakwadōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
nakwadōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
nakwadiniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
nakwadanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
nakwadini (dative masculine singular weak)
nakwadammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
nakwadōni (dative feminine singular weak)
nakwadōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
nakwadini (dative neuter singular weak)
nakwadammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
nakwadinē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
nakwadammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
nakwadōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
nakwadōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
nakwadinē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
nakwadammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

Proto-West Germanic: *nak(k)wad
Old English: nacod
Middle English: naked, nakit
Scots: nakit, naikit, nakkit
English: naked
Old Frisian: nakad, naked
Saterland Frisian: noakend
West Frisian: neaken
Old Saxon: *nakod
Middle Low German: naket
Low German: naakd, naked
Old Dutch: nakot
Middle Dutch: naket, naect
Dutch: naakt
Old High German: nackot, nachot
Middle High German: nacket
German: nackt (variants: nackend, nackert, nackicht, nackig)

Old Norse: nakinn, nǫkkviðr (possibly derived from an unattested verb, or else reanalysed as though it were)

Icelandic: nakinn

Faroese: nakin

Norwegian Nynorsk: naken, nakin

Norwegian Bokmål: naken

Elfdalian: nakun

Old Swedish: nakin; nakudher, naqvidher

Swedish: naken

Old Danish: nøkæn

Danish: nøgen; (dialectal) nagen

Norwegian Bokmål: nøken

desc

Gutnish: naken, nakuer, nåkur, nåkvar, nåkugur, nåkagur

Scanian: nægen, nǫgen

Gothic: 𐌽𐌰𐌵𐌰𐌸𐍃 (naqaþs)

Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *negʷ- (“naked, bare”); see there for the cognates.


wundō

wundō (nominative singular)
wundôz (nominative plural)
wundō (singular vocative)
wundôz (plural vocative)
wundǭ (accusative singular)
wundōz (accusative plural)
wundōz (genitive singular)
wundǫ̂ (genitive plural)
wundōi (dative singular)
wundōmaz (dative plural)
wundō (instrumental singular)
wundōmiz (instrumental plural)

Proto-West Germanic: *wundu

desctree

Old English: wund
Middle English: wund, wonde, wound
English: wound
Scots: wond, wound

Old Frisian: wunde, unde

Saterland Frisian: Wuunde

West Frisian: wûne

Old Saxon: wunda
Middle Low German: wunde
German Low German: Wunn

Old Dutch: wunda

Middle Dutch: wunde, wonde

Dutch: wond
Afrikaans: wond
Negerhollands: wond

Limburgish: wónj

Old High German: wunta

Middle High German: wunde

Cimbrian: bunta

German: Wunde

Luxembourgish: Wonn

Yiddish: וווּנד (vund)

Proto-Norse: *ᚹᚢᛞᚢ (*wudu /wundu/)

Old Norse: und

Icelandic: und

Old Swedish: und

Danish: vunde (influenced by Low German)

Gothic: *𐍅𐌿𐌽𐌳𐌰 (*wunda) (attested in compound 𐍅𐌿𐌽𐌳𐌿𐍆𐌽𐌹 (wundufni))

From *wundaz (“wounded”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂wn̥tós (“wounded”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂wen- (“to strike, injure, hurt”).


kūts

kūts (nominative singular)
kūtiz (nominative plural)
kūt (singular vocative)
kūtiz (plural vocative)
kūtų (accusative singular)
kūtunz (accusative plural)
kūtiz (genitive singular)
kūtǫ̂ (genitive plural)
kūti (dative singular)
kūtumaz (dative plural)
kūtē (instrumental singular)
kūtumiz (instrumental plural)

Proto-West Germanic: *kūt

Old Dutch: *kūt

>? Middle Dutch: kuut, cuut, coet

Dutch: koet

⇒ Dutch: meerkoet

desc

→ Middle English: cote, coote, cute, cuytt

English: coot

Scots: coot, quet, queet

Old High German: *kūz

Middle High German: kūz, kiuzelīn, kützlīn

German: Kauz

→ German Low German: Kauz, Kauter

→ Middle Low German: kûtz

⇒ Middle Low German: kü̂tzken

Perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *gewH-d- (“to call, cry out, cry, screech”), but in any case ultimately onomatopoeic.


þurstiz

þurstiz (nominative singular)
þurstīz (nominative plural)
þursti (singular vocative)
þurstīz (plural vocative)
þurstį (accusative singular)
þurstinz (accusative plural)
þurstīz (genitive singular)
þurstijǫ̂ (genitive plural)
þurstī (dative singular)
þurstimaz (dative plural)
þurstī (instrumental singular)
þurstimiz (instrumental plural)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *þursti
Old English: þurst, þyrst
English: thirst
Old Frisian: thorst
West Frisian: toarst
Old Saxon: thurst
Old Dutch: thurst
Middle Dutch: dorst
Dutch: dorst
Old High German: durst
German: Durst
Luxembourgish: Duuscht

Old Norse: þyrstr (attested as an adjective)

Faroese: tystur

Icelandic: þyrstur

Norwegian Bokmål: tørst

Norwegian Nynorsk: tyrst, tørst

Old Swedish: þyrster

Swedish: törst

Old Danish: thyrst, thørst

Danish: tørst

From Proto-Indo-European *térstis (with the oblique stem generalized), from *ters- (“dry”). Equivalent to *þersaną + *-þiz.

dryness, thirst (lack of/need for water)


þursuz

þursuz (masculine nominative singular strong)
þursijai (masculine nominative plural strong)
þursī (feminine nominative singular strong)
þursijôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
þursų (neuter nominative singular strong)
-jatō (neuter nominative singular strong)
þursijō (neuter nominative plural strong)
þursijanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
þursijanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
þursijǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
þursijōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
þursų (accusative neuter singular strong)
-jatō (accusative neuter singular strong)
þursijō (accusative neuter plural strong)
þursijas (genitive masculine singular strong)
þursīs (genitive masculine singular strong)
þursijaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
þursijaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
þursijaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
þursijas (genitive neuter singular strong)
þursīs (genitive neuter singular strong)
þursijaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
þursijammai (dative masculine singular strong)
þursijaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
þursijaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
þursijaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
þursijammai (dative neuter singular strong)
þursijaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
þursijanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
þursijaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
þursijaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
þursijaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
þursijanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
þursijaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
þursijô (masculine nominative singular weak)
þursijaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
þursijǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
þursijōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
þursijô (neuter nominative singular weak)
þursijōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
þursijanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
þursijanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
þursijōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
þursijōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
þursijô (accusative neuter singular weak)
þursijōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
þursīniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
þursijanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
þursijōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
þursijōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
þursīniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
þursijanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
þursīni (dative masculine singular weak)
þursijammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
þursijōni (dative feminine singular weak)
þursijōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
þursīni (dative neuter singular weak)
þursijammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
þursīnē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
þursijammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
þursijōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
þursijōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
þursīnē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
þursijammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

Proto-West Germanic: *þurʀī
Old English: þyrre
Old Saxon: thurri
Middle Low German: dorri
Old Dutch: *thurri
Middle Dutch: dorre
Dutch: dor
Afrikaans: dor
Negerhollands: dor
Limburgish: dór
Old High German: durri, thurri
Middle High German: durre, dürre
Cimbrian: dórre
German: dürr
Luxembourgish: dier
Vilamovian: dyrr

Old Norse: þurr, þyrr

Old Danish: thur, thiur, thyr

Danish: tør

Norwegian: tørr

Faroese: turrur

Icelandic: þurr

desc

Norwegian Nynorsk: turr, tørr, torr, tyrr, tør, tjørr

Old Swedish: þør, þor

Swedish: torr

Gothic: 𐌸𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍃𐌿𐍃 (þaursus)

From Proto-Indo-European *térs-u-s, from *ters- (“dry”).


ganuhtiz

ganuhtiz (nominative singular)
ganuhtīz (nominative plural)
ganuhti (singular vocative)
ganuhtīz (plural vocative)
ganuhtį (accusative singular)
ganuhtinz (accusative plural)
ganuhtīz (genitive singular)
ganuhtijǫ̂ (genitive plural)
ganuhtī (dative singular)
ganuhtimaz (dative plural)
ganuhtī (instrumental singular)
ganuhtimiz (instrumental plural)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *ganuhti
Old English: ġenyht
Old Saxon: ginuht
Middle Low German: genuchte, genöchte
Old Dutch: ginuhti (reformed as īn-stem)
Middle Dutch: genuchte, genochte
Dutch: genucht
Old High German: ginuht
Middle High German: genuht

Old Norse: gnótt, gnœtt

Icelandic: gnótt, gnætt


inkô

inkô (nominative singular)
inkaniz (nominative plural)
inkô (singular vocative)
inkaniz (plural vocative)
inkanų (accusative singular)
inkanunz (accusative plural)
inkiniz (genitive singular)
inkanǫ̂ (genitive plural)
inkini (dative singular)
inkammaz (dative plural)
inkinē (instrumental singular)
inkammiz (instrumental plural)

Proto-West Germanic: *inkō

Old English: inca
Middle English: inke
⇒ Middle English: inklen, inclen
English: inkle
⇒ Middle English: *ynklyng, nyngkiling
English: inkling
Scots: inklin

desc

⇒ Old Frisian: ink, jinc (“irritated”, adj)

Old Norse: ekki

Icelandic: ekki

Faroese: ekki

From Proto-Indo-European *h₁engō, from *h₁eng-. Cognate with Old Church Slavonic ѧꙃа (“illness, disease”) (whence Serbo-Croatian је́за/jéza (“horror, shiver”), Slovene jẹ́za (“anger”) and dialectal Bulgarian енза (enza, “sickness”)), Lithuanian éngti (“to press, strangle”).


gēbǭ

gēbǭ (nominative singular)
gēbōniz (nominative plural)
gēbǭ (singular vocative)
gēbōniz (plural vocative)
gēbōnų (accusative singular)
gēbōnunz (accusative plural)
gēbōniz (genitive singular)
gēbōnǫ̂ (genitive plural)
gēbōni (dative singular)
gēbōmaz (dative plural)
gēbōnē (instrumental singular)
gēbōmiz (instrumental plural)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *gābā
Old Saxon: *gāva
Middle Low German: gāve
Low German:
German Low German: Gaav
Westphalian:
Suerländer-Märkisch: Gaabe
Westmünsterländisch: Gaabe
Plautdietsch: Gow
Old Dutch: *gāva
Middle Dutch: gāve
Dutch: gave
Afrikaans: gawe
Old High German: *gāba
Middle High German: gābe
German: Gabe
Luxembourgish: Gof
Yiddish: גאָב (gob)

q

Old Norse: gáfa (late, possibly borrowed from Middle Low German)

Icelandic: gáfa

Faroese: gáva

Norwegian:

Norwegian Bokmål: gave

Norwegian Nynorsk: gåve

Swedish: gāva

Swedish: gåva

Danish: gave (likely borrowed or influenced by Middle Low German)


walkaną

walkō (active first-person indicative singular)
walkaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
walkai (first-person indicative passive singular)
walkizi (active indicative second-person singular)
walkaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
walk (active imperative second-person singular)
walkazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
walkaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
walkidi (active indicative singular third-person)
walkai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
walkadau (active imperative singular third-person)
walkadai (indicative passive singular third-person)
walkaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
walkōz (active dual first-person indicative)
walkaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
walkadiz (active dual indicative second-person)
walkaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
walkadiz (active dual imperative second-person)
walkamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
walkaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
walkandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
walkaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
walkid (active indicative plural second-person)
walkaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
walkid (active imperative plural second-person)
walkandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
walkaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
walkandi (active indicative plural third-person)
walkain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
walkandau (active imperative plural third-person)
walkandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
walkaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
wewalk (active first-person indicative singular)
wewalkį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
wewalht (active indicative second-person singular)
wewalkīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
wewalk (active indicative singular third-person)
wewalkī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
wewalkū (active dual first-person indicative)
wewalkīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
wewalkudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
wewalkīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
wewalkum (active first-person indicative plural)
wewalkīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
wewalkud (active indicative plural second-person)
wewalkīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
wewalkun (active indicative plural third-person)
wewalkīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
walkandz (active participle present)
walkanaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *walkan
Old English: wealcan
Middle English: walken, walk, walke, walkyn, wolken (conflated with wealcian)
English: walk, waulk
Scots: walk
Old Saxon: *walkan
Middle Low German: walken
Low German: walken
Old Dutch: *walcan
Middle Dutch: walken
Dutch: walken
Old High German: walcan, walkan, walchan
Middle High German: walchen, walken
Bavarian: wålchn, wålgn, woika, woikn
Cimbrian: balchan
German: walken
→ Italian: gualcare
→ Old French: gauchier
Middle French: gauchier, gaucher, gauchir
French: gauchir
Walloon: wauquier
Old French: gauchie, guauche
Middle French: gauche, gaulche
French: gauche
→ English: gauche
Norman: gauche
Walloon: gôche

From Proto-Indo-European *welk-, *welg-, extended form of *welH- (“to turn, to wind, roll”).


fahsą

fahsą (nominative singular)
fahsō (nominative plural)
fahsą (singular vocative)
fahsō (plural vocative)
fahsą (accusative singular)
fahsō (accusative plural)
fahsas (genitive singular)
fahsis (genitive singular)
fahsǫ̂ (genitive plural)
fahsai (dative singular)
fahsamaz (dative plural)
fahsō (instrumental singular)
fahsamiz (instrumental plural)

Proto-West Germanic: *fahs
Old English: feax
Middle English: fax
Scots: fax
English: fax
Old Frisian: fax
Old Saxon: fahs
Old Dutch: *fahs
Middle Dutch: vas
Dutch: vas
Old High German: fahs
Middle High German: vahs
Alemannic German: Fachs

Old Norse: fax
Icelandic: fax
Faroese: faks
Norwegian: faks
→ Scots: fax (foam-topped wave, swell)

From Proto-Indo-European *poḱsom (“hair”, literally “that which is combed, shorn, or plucked”), from Proto-Indo-European *peḱ- (“to comb, shear, pluck”). Cognate with Sanskrit पक्ष्मन् (pákṣman, “eyelash, hair, filament”).


hrītaną

hrītō (active first-person indicative singular)
hrītaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
hrītai (first-person indicative passive singular)
hrītizi (active indicative second-person singular)
hrītaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
hrīt (active imperative second-person singular)
hrītazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
hrītaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
hrītidi (active indicative singular third-person)
hrītai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
hrītadau (active imperative singular third-person)
hrītadai (indicative passive singular third-person)
hrītaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
hrītōz (active dual first-person indicative)
hrītaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
hrītadiz (active dual indicative second-person)
hrītaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
hrītadiz (active dual imperative second-person)
hrītamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
hrītaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
hrītandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
hrītaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
hrītid (active indicative plural second-person)
hrītaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
hrītid (active imperative plural second-person)
hrītandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
hrītaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
hrītandi (active indicative plural third-person)
hrītain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
hrītandau (active imperative plural third-person)
hrītandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
hrītaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
hrait (active first-person indicative singular)
hritį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
hraist (active indicative second-person singular)
hritīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
hrait (active indicative singular third-person)
hritī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
hritū (active dual first-person indicative)
hritīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
hritudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
hritīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
hritum (active first-person indicative plural)
hritīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
hritud (active indicative plural second-person)
hritīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
hritun (active indicative plural third-person)
hritīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
hrītandz (active participle present)
hritanaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *hrītan
Old Frisian: *hrīta
Saterland Frisian: riete
West Frisian: rite
Old Saxon: hrītan
Middle Low German: rîten
German Low German: rieten
Low German: rīten
Old Dutch: *rītan
Middle Dutch: riten
Dutch: rijten
Limburgish: riete
Old High German: rīzan
Middle High German: rīzen
German: reißen
Luxembourgish: räissen

Old Norse: hríta

Icelandic: ríta

Faroese: ríta

Norwegian: rita

Old Swedish: hrīta

Swedish: rita


sīganą

sīgō (active first-person indicative singular)
sīgaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
sīgai (first-person indicative passive singular)
sīgizi (active indicative second-person singular)
sīgaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
sīg (active imperative second-person singular)
sīgazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
sīgaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
sīgidi (active indicative singular third-person)
sīgai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
sīgadau (active imperative singular third-person)
sīgadai (indicative passive singular third-person)
sīgaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
sīgōz (active dual first-person indicative)
sīgaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
sīgadiz (active dual indicative second-person)
sīgaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
sīgadiz (active dual imperative second-person)
sīgamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
sīgaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
sīgandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
sīgaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
sīgid (active indicative plural second-person)
sīgaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
sīgid (active imperative plural second-person)
sīgandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
sīgaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
sīgandi (active indicative plural third-person)
sīgain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
sīgandau (active imperative plural third-person)
sīgandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
sīgaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
saig (active first-person indicative singular)
sigį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
saiht (active indicative second-person singular)
sigīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
saig (active indicative singular third-person)
sigī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
sigū (active dual first-person indicative)
sigīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
sigudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
sigīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
sigum (active first-person indicative plural)
sigīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
sigud (active indicative plural second-person)
sigīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
sigun (active indicative plural third-person)
sigīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
sīgandz (active participle present)
siganaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *sīgan
Old English: sīġan
Middle English: sien
English: sie, sye
Old Frisian: sīga
North Frisian: siuken
West Frisian: sige
Old Saxon: sīgan
Middle Low German: sîgen
Old Dutch: *sīgan
Middle Dutch: sigen
Dutch: zijgen
Limburgish: ziege
Old High German: sīgan
Middle High German: sīgen
German: seigen

Old Norse: síga

Icelandic: síga

Faroese: síga

Norwegian: sige

Old Swedish: sīgha

Swedish: siga

Old Danish: sighæ

Danish: sige

According to Orel, a variant of *sīhwaną, which is from Proto-Indo-European *seykʷ- (“to pour out; gush; flow; run; trickle”).


wrīþaną

wrīþō (active first-person indicative singular)
wrīþaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
wrīþai (first-person indicative passive singular)
wrīþizi (active indicative second-person singular)
wrīþaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
wrīþ (active imperative second-person singular)
wrīþazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
wrīþaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
wrīþidi (active indicative singular third-person)
wrīþai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
wrīþadau (active imperative singular third-person)
wrīþadai (indicative passive singular third-person)
wrīþaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
wrīþōz (active dual first-person indicative)
wrīþaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
wrīþadiz (active dual indicative second-person)
wrīþaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
wrīþadiz (active dual imperative second-person)
wrīþamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
wrīþaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
wrīþandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
wrīþaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
wrīþid (active indicative plural second-person)
wrīþaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
wrīþid (active imperative plural second-person)
wrīþandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
wrīþaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
wrīþandi (active indicative plural third-person)
wrīþain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
wrīþandau (active imperative plural third-person)
wrīþandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
wrīþaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
wraiþ (active first-person indicative singular)
wridį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
wraist (active indicative second-person singular)
wridīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
wraiþ (active indicative singular third-person)
wridī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
wridū (active dual first-person indicative)
wridīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
wridudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
wridīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
wridum (active first-person indicative plural)
wridīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
wridud (active indicative plural second-person)
wridīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
wridun (active indicative plural third-person)
wridīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
wrīþandz (active participle present)
wridanaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *wrīþan
Old English: wrīþan
Middle English: writhen, wrythen
Scots: wryth, writhe
English: writhe
Old Dutch: *wrīthan
Middle Dutch: writen (with -t- by influence of an iterative *writtōną)
Old High German: wrīdan, rīdan, *rīdan (Lombardic)
Middle High German: rīden
German: reiden; (wrideln)
→ Old French: rider
Middle French: rider
French: rider
→ Italian: riddare

Old Norse: vríða, ríða
Norwegian Nynorsk: vrida, vri
→ Norwegian Bokmål: vri
Elfdalian: rwaiða, wraiða, waiða
Old Swedish: vrīþa
Swedish: vrida
Old Danish: writhæ
Danish: vride
Norwegian Bokmål: vride
Scanian: vriða
Gutnish: bräida

From Proto-Indo-European *wreyt- (“to twist, writhe”).


līkahamô

līkahamô (nominative singular)
līkahamaniz (nominative plural)
līkahamô (singular vocative)
līkahamaniz (plural vocative)
līkahamanų (accusative singular)
līkahamanunz (accusative plural)
līkahaminiz (genitive singular)
līkahamanǫ̂ (genitive plural)
līkahamini (dative singular)
līkahamammaz (dative plural)
līkahaminē (instrumental singular)
līkahamammiz (instrumental plural)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *līkahamō
Old English: līchama, līchoma, līcema
Middle English: likame, licame, lichame
Scots: lekame
English: likam
Old Frisian: līkama, līkoma, līkkoma, līkma
Saterland Frisian: licman (obsolete)
West Frisian: lichem
Old Saxon: līkhamo
Middle Low German: licham, lickham, likam, lîkem
Low German: Liekam, Luikem
Old Dutch: līkamo m; līknamo m
Middle Dutch: lichāme m or n
Dutch: lichaam n
Afrikaans: liggaam
Old High German: līhhamo, līchamo, līhhinhamo, līhhinamo
Middle High German: līcham, līchame; līchname
German: Leichnam

Old Norse: líkami, líkamr, líkhami, líkhamr
Faroese: likamur m, likam n
Icelandic: líkami, líkamur
Danish: legeme
→ Norwegian Bokmål: legeme
Norwegian Nynorsk: lekam
Old Swedish: līkami, likamin
Swedish: lekamen


garaznô

garaznô (nominative singular)
garaznaniz (nominative plural)
garaznô (singular vocative)
garaznaniz (plural vocative)
garaznanų (accusative singular)
garaznanunz (accusative plural)
garazniniz (genitive singular)
garaznanǫ̂ (genitive plural)
garaznini (dative singular)
garaznammaz (dative plural)
garazninē (instrumental singular)
garaznammiz (instrumental plural)

Old Norse: granni
Icelandic: granni
Faroese: granni
Norwegian:
Norwegian Bokmål: granne
Norwegian Nynorsk: granne
Old Swedish: granne
Swedish: granne c
Old Danish: grannæ
Danish: grande c
→ Kven: kranni
→ Northern Sami: kránnjá
→ Southern Sami: kraanna

Gothic: 𐌲𐌰𐍂𐌰𐌶𐌽𐌰 (garazna)

/ɣɑ.ˈrɑz.nɔːː/


mōtijaną

mōtijō (active first-person indicative singular)
mōtijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
mōtijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
mōtīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
mōtijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
mōtī (active imperative second-person singular)
mōtijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
mōtijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
mōtīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
mōtijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
mōtijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
mōtijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
mōtijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
mōtijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
mōtijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
mōtijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
mōtijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
mōtijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
mōtijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
mōtijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
mōtijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
mōtijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
mōtīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
mōtijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
mōtīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
mōtijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
mōtijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
mōtijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
mōtijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
mōtijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
mōtijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
mōtijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
mōtidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
mōtidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
mōtidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
mōtidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
mōtidē (active indicative singular third-person)
mōtidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
mōtidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
mōtidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
mōtidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
mōtidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
mōtidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
mōtidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
mōtidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
mōtidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
mōtidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
mōtidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
mōtijandz (active participle present)
mōtidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *mōtijan
Old English: mētan
Middle English: meten, meeten
Scots: met, mete, meit, meet
English: meet
Old Frisian: mēta
North Frisian: mete
Saterland Frisian: mäite
West Frisian: mette
Old Saxon: mōtian
Middle Low German: môten, mö̂ten
Low German: möten, bemöten
⇒ Middle Low German: entmôten, entmö̂ten
Old Dutch: *muoten
Middle Dutch: moeten
Dutch: moeten
→ West Frisian: moetsje
Limburgish: mote
⇒ Middle Dutch: gemoeten
Dutch: gemoeten
⇒ Middle Dutch: ontmoeten, entmuten, untmuten
Dutch: ontmoeten
Old High German: muozen
Middle High German: muozen, muoten
⇒ Middle High German: *entmuozen, entmuoten
German: entmuten

Old Norse: mœta

Icelandic: mæta

Faroese: møta

Norwegian Bokmål: møte

Norwegian Nynorsk: møte

Old Swedish: mø̄ta

Swedish: möta

Old Danish: møtæ

Danish: møde


murguz

murguz (masculine nominative singular strong)
murgijai (masculine nominative plural strong)
murgī (feminine nominative singular strong)
murgijôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
murgų (neuter nominative singular strong)
-jatō (neuter nominative singular strong)
murgijō (neuter nominative plural strong)
murgijanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
murgijanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
murgijǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
murgijōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
murgų (accusative neuter singular strong)
-jatō (accusative neuter singular strong)
murgijō (accusative neuter plural strong)
murgijas (genitive masculine singular strong)
murgīs (genitive masculine singular strong)
murgijaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
murgijaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
murgijaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
murgijas (genitive neuter singular strong)
murgīs (genitive neuter singular strong)
murgijaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
murgijammai (dative masculine singular strong)
murgijaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
murgijaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
murgijaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
murgijammai (dative neuter singular strong)
murgijaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
murgijanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
murgijaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
murgijaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
murgijaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
murgijanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
murgijaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
murgijô (masculine nominative singular weak)
murgijaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
murgijǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
murgijōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
murgijô (neuter nominative singular weak)
murgijōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
murgijanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
murgijanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
murgijōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
murgijōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
murgijô (accusative neuter singular weak)
murgijōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
murgīniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
murgijanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
murgijōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
murgijōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
murgīniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
murgijanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
murgīni (dative masculine singular weak)
murgijammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
murgijōni (dative feminine singular weak)
murgijōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
murgīni (dative neuter singular weak)
murgijammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
murgīnē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
murgijammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
murgijōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
murgijōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
murgīnē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
murgijammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

Proto-West Germanic: *murgī
Old English: myrġe, miriġe, murġe, myriġe, myreġe, meriġe, merġe
Middle English: mery, merie, mirie, myrie, murie, murȝe, merye, myrry, myry, miry, mirye, myriȝe, myrye, murye, miri, meri, mury
English: merry
Scots: mirry, mery
Old Dutch: *murgi, *mirgi
⇒ Old Dutch: *mirgilīk
Middle Dutch: mergelijc
Old High German: murgi, murg
Middle High German: murc
German: murk
⇒ Alemannic German: Mürggu, Mürgu n
Middle High German: murc n
⇒ Middle High German: frīmurc m
⇒? Middle High German: murz

⇒ Old Norse: *myrgill (< *murgilaz)

Norwegian: myrjel (“figurine”)

From Proto-Indo-European *mr̥ǵʰús, *mréǵʰus (“short”). Cognate with Latin brevis (“short, small, narrow, shallow”).


brōmiz

brōmiz (masculine nominative singular strong)
brōmijai (masculine nominative plural strong)
brōmī (feminine nominative singular strong)
brōmijôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
brōmį (neuter nominative singular strong)
-jatō (neuter nominative singular strong)
brōmijō (neuter nominative plural strong)
brōmijanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
brōmijanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
brōmijǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
brōmijōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
brōmį (accusative neuter singular strong)
-jatō (accusative neuter singular strong)
brōmijō (accusative neuter plural strong)
brōmijas (genitive masculine singular strong)
brōmīs (genitive masculine singular strong)
brōmijaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
brōmijaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
brōmijaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
brōmijas (genitive neuter singular strong)
brōmīs (genitive neuter singular strong)
brōmijaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
brōmijammai (dative masculine singular strong)
brōmijaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
brōmijaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
brōmijaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
brōmijammai (dative neuter singular strong)
brōmijaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
brōmijanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
brōmijaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
brōmijaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
brōmijaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
brōmijanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
brōmijaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
brōmijô (masculine nominative singular weak)
brōmijaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
brōmijǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
brōmijōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
brōmijô (neuter nominative singular weak)
brōmijōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
brōmijanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
brōmijanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
brōmijōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
brōmijōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
brōmijô (accusative neuter singular weak)
brōmijōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
brōmīniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
brōmijanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
brōmijōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
brōmijōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
brōmīniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
brōmijanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
brōmīni (dative masculine singular weak)
brōmijammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
brōmijōni (dative feminine singular weak)
brōmijōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
brōmīni (dative neuter singular weak)
brōmijammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
brōmīnē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
brōmijammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
brōmijōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
brōmijōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
brōmīnē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
brōmijammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

Proto-West Germanic: *brōmi

desctree

Old English: brēme, brœ̄me — Northumbrian
Middle English: brem, breme
English: breme
Scots: breme

Vṛddhi gerundive of otherwise unattested *bramaną, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰrem- (“to make noise”).