furaikweþaną

furaikweþō (active first-person indicative singular)
furaikweþaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
furaikweþai (first-person indicative passive singular)
furaikwiþizi (active indicative second-person singular)
furaikweþaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
furaikweþ (active imperative second-person singular)
furaikweþazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
furaikweþaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
furaikwiþidi (active indicative singular third-person)
furaikweþai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
furaikweþadau (active imperative singular third-person)
furaikweþadai (indicative passive singular third-person)
furaikweþaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
furaikweþōz (active dual first-person indicative)
furaikweþaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
furaikweþadiz (active dual indicative second-person)
furaikweþaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
furaikweþadiz (active dual imperative second-person)
furaikweþamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
furaikweþaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
furaikweþandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
furaikweþaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
furaikwiþid (active indicative plural second-person)
furaikweþaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
furaikwiþid (active imperative plural second-person)
furaikweþandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
furaikweþaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
furaikweþandi (active indicative plural third-person)
furaikweþain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
furaikweþandau (active imperative plural third-person)
furaikweþandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
furaikweþaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
furaikwaþ (active first-person indicative singular)
furaikwēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
furaikwast (active indicative second-person singular)
furaikwēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
furaikwaþ (active indicative singular third-person)
furaikwēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
furaikwēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
furaikwēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
furaikwēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
furaikwēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
furaikwēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
furaikwēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
furaikwēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
furaikwēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
furaikwēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
furaikwēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
furaikweþandz (active participle present)
furaikwedanaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Old English: forecweþan

Old High German: foraquedan

Gothic: 𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌰𐌵𐌹𐌸𐌰𐌽 (fauraqiþan)

to foretell, prophesy, predict, say beforehand


sailą

sailą (nominative singular)
sailō (nominative plural)
sailą (singular vocative)
sailō (plural vocative)
sailą (accusative singular)
sailō (accusative plural)
sailas (genitive singular)
sailis (genitive singular)
sailǫ̂ (genitive plural)
sailai (dative singular)
sailamaz (dative plural)
sailō (instrumental singular)
sailamiz (instrumental plural)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *sail
Old English: sāl
Middle English: sal, sole, soole
Scots: sale, saill, saile, seill, seale
English: sole
Old Frisian: sēl, sēle
Saterland Frisian: Seel
West Frisian: seel
Old Saxon: sēl
Middle Low German: sêl, seil
German Low German: Seel
Old Dutch: *sēl
Middle Dutch: sêel
Dutch: zeel
Old High German: seil
Middle High German: seil
German: Seil
Luxembourgish: Seel

Old Norse: seil

Icelandic: seil

From Proto-Indo-European *sh₂éy-ōl ~ *sh₂i-l-és, from *sh₂ey- (“to bind, fetter”). Cognate with Hittite [script needed] (iš-hi-ia-al, “band”), and possibly Proto-Balto-Slavic *séiˀlāˀ (“soul”).


frakunþaz

Equivalent to *frakunnaną (“to despise”) + *-þaz, or *fra- + *kunþaz.


frakunþaz

*frakunþaz (a-stem)

frakunþaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
frakunþai (masculine nominative plural strong)
frakunþō (feminine nominative singular strong)
frakunþôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
frakunþą (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
frakunþō (neuter nominative plural strong)
frakunþanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
frakunþanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
frakunþǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
frakunþōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
frakunþą (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
frakunþō (accusative neuter plural strong)
frakunþas (genitive masculine singular strong)
-is (genitive masculine singular strong)
frakunþaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
frakunþaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
frakunþaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
frakunþas (genitive neuter singular strong)
-is (genitive neuter singular strong)
frakunþaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
frakunþammai (dative masculine singular strong)
frakunþaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
frakunþaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
frakunþaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
frakunþammai (dative neuter singular strong)
frakunþaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
frakunþanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
frakunþaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
frakunþaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
frakunþaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
frakunþanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
frakunþaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
frakunþô (masculine nominative singular weak)
frakunþaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
frakunþǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
frakunþōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
frakunþô (neuter nominative singular weak)
frakunþōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
frakunþanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
frakunþanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
frakunþōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
frakunþōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
frakunþô (accusative neuter singular weak)
frakunþōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
frakunþiniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
frakunþanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
frakunþōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
frakunþōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
frakunþiniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
frakunþanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
frakunþini (dative masculine singular weak)
frakunþammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
frakunþōni (dative feminine singular weak)
frakunþōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
frakunþini (dative neuter singular weak)
frakunþammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
frakunþinē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
frakunþammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
frakunþōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
frakunþōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
frakunþinē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
frakunþammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

Proto-West Germanic: *frakunþ

Old English: forcūþ, fracoþ, fracod

Middle English: forcouth, fraked

English: fraked; (frakel)

Old Saxon: forkūth

Old Dutch: farkūth, farkunth (attested as 'farkntha')

Gothic: 𐍆𐍂𐌰𐌺𐌿𐌽𐌸𐍃 (frakunþs)


smarōną

smarō (active first-person indicative singular)
smarǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
smarōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
smarōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
smarōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
smarō (active imperative second-person singular)
smarōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
smarōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
smarōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
smarō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
smarōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
smarōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
smarōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
smarōs (active dual first-person indicative)
smarōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
smarōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
smarōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
smarōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
smarōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
smarōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
smarōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
smarōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
smarōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
smarōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
smarōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
smarōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
smarōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
smarōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
smarōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
smarōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
smarōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
smarōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
smarōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
smarōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
smarōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
smarōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
smarōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
smarōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
smarōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
smarōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
smarōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
smarōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
smarōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
smarōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
smarōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
smarōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
smarōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
smarōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
smarōndz (active participle present)
smarōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Old English: smerian; bismerian; bismer, bismor; smercian, smearcian

desc

Middle English: bismer, bismar, bysmare, bissemare; smirken

Scots: bismere, bysmer; smirk, smirkle, smerkle

English: bismer; smirk; (besmear)

(Old Frisian: smere)

i

(Saterland Frisian: besmeere (possibly a borrowing from Middle Low German))

(West Frisian: smoar; besmjirkje, besmoarkje)

Old Saxon: *bismerōn; bismer

Middle Low German: besmēren

German Low German: besmeren

Old Dutch: bismeron; bismer

(Middle Dutch: besmeren, besmaren)

(Dutch: besmeren, besmeuren)

Old High German: bismarōn; bismerōn; bismar, bismer; (bismirwen)

Middle High German: smieren; (besmirwen, besmiren)

German: schmieren; (beschmieren)

Uncertain. Perhaps related to *smīlijaną (“to smile”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)mey- (“to laugh”).


frawurkijaną

frawurkijō (active first-person indicative singular)
frawurkijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
frawurkijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
frawurkīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
frawurkijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
frawurkī (active imperative second-person singular)
frawurkijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
frawurkijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
frawurkīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
frawurkijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
frawurkijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
frawurkijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
frawurkijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
frawurkijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
frawurkijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
frawurkijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
frawurkijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
frawurkijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
frawurkijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
frawurkijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
frawurkijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
frawurkijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
frawurkīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
frawurkijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
frawurkīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
frawurkijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
frawurkijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
frawurkijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
frawurkijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
frawurkijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
frawurkijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
frawurkijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
frawurhtǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
frawurhtēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
frawurhtēz (active indicative second-person singular)
frawurhtēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
frawurhtē (active indicative singular third-person)
frawurhtēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
frawurhtēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
frawurhtēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
frawurhtēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
frawurhtēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
frawurhtēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
frawurhtēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
frawurhtēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
frawurhtēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
frawurhtēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
frawurhtēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
frawurkijandz (active participle present)
frawurkidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *frawurkijan
Old English: forwyrcan
Middle English: forwurchen
English: forwork
Old Saxon: farwirkian
Old High German: firwurken

Gothic: 𐍆𐍂𐌰𐍅𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌺𐌾𐌰𐌽 (frawaurkjan)


furi-

Proto-West Germanic: *furi-
Old English: for-, fer-, fær-, fier-
Middle English: for-, far-, fer-, vor-
English: for-
Scots: for-
Old Frisian: for-
Old Saxon: far-
Middle Low German: ver-
Old Dutch: far-
Middle Dutch: ver-
Dutch: ver-
Old High German: fir-, far-, for-

Old Norse: fyrir-

Gothic: 𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂- (faur-)

From the preposition and adverb *furi (“for, in front”).


furibeudaną

furibeudō (active first-person indicative singular)
furibeudaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
furibeudai (first-person indicative passive singular)
furibiudizi (active indicative second-person singular)
furibeudaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
furibeud (active imperative second-person singular)
furibeudazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
furibeudaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
furibiudidi (active indicative singular third-person)
furibeudai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
furibeudadau (active imperative singular third-person)
furibeudadai (indicative passive singular third-person)
furibeudaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
furibeudōz (active dual first-person indicative)
furibeudaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
furibeudadiz (active dual indicative second-person)
furibeudaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
furibeudadiz (active dual imperative second-person)
furibeudamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
furibeudaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
furibeudandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
furibeudaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
furibiudid (active indicative plural second-person)
furibeudaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
furibiudid (active imperative plural second-person)
furibeudandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
furibeudaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
furibeudandi (active indicative plural third-person)
furibeudain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
furibeudandau (active imperative plural third-person)
furibeudandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
furibeudaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
furibaud (active first-person indicative singular)
furibudį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
furibaust (active indicative second-person singular)
furibudīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
furibaud (active indicative singular third-person)
furibudī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
furibudū (active dual first-person indicative)
furibudīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
furibududiz (active dual indicative second-person)
furibudīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
furibudum (active first-person indicative plural)
furibudīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
furibudud (active indicative plural second-person)
furibudīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
furibudun (active indicative plural third-person)
furibudīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
furibeudandz (active participle present)
furibudanaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *furibeudan
Old English: forbēodan
Middle English: forbeoden, forbeden, vorbeoden, verbeode, forboden, forbuden, forbiden, forbidden
English: forbid
Scots: forbede, forbeid, forbid, forbyd
Old Frisian: forbiada
Old Saxon: farbiodan
Middle Low German: vörbēden, vorbēden, vorbeeden, vorbeyden, vorbeiden, vorbīden, verbēden
Low German: vorbeden, verbeden
→ Old Swedish: forbiuþa (or perhaps from Old English)
Swedish: förbjuda
→ Elfdalian: febiuoða
Old Dutch: *farbiodan
Middle Dutch: verbieden
Dutch: verbieden
Afrikaans: verbied
Limburgish: verbijje
Old High German: firbiotan, furibiotan
Middle High German: verbieten
Cimbrian: borpòotan
German: verbieten
Luxembourgish: verbidden

Old Norse: fyrirbjóða, forbjóða (descendants influenced by Middle Low German)
Icelandic: fyrirbjóða, forbjóða
Norwegian:
Norwegian Bokmål: forby
Norwegian Nynorsk: forby, forbyde, forbyda
Old Danish: forbiudhe
Danish: forbyde
Swedish: förbjuda

Gothic: 𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌱𐌹𐌿𐌳𐌰𐌽 (faurbiudan)

to forbid, prohibit, command against (doing something)


lusą

lusą (nominative singular)
lusō (nominative plural)
lusą (singular vocative)
lusō (plural vocative)
lusą (accusative singular)
lusō (accusative plural)
lusas (genitive singular)
lusis (genitive singular)
lusǫ̂ (genitive plural)
lusai (dative singular)
lusamaz (dative plural)
lusō (instrumental singular)
lusamiz (instrumental plural)

Proto-West Germanic: *los

Old English: los
Middle English: los, lose, losse
English: loss
Scots: los, lose, lois
Yola: lass

⇒ Old English: losian
Middle English: losien, losen
English: lose
Scots: los, lois, lose

Old Norse: los

Icelandic: los

gl

< Proto-Germanic <i class="Latn mention" lang="gem-pro">*lusnōną</i>

⇒ Old Norse: losna (< Proto-Germanic *lusnōną)

Icelandic: losna

Faroese: losna

Norwegian: losna, løsne

Danish: løsne

Swedish: lossna

From Proto-Indo-European *lewHs-, from *lewH- (“to cut; sever; separate; loosen; lose”).


beudaz

beudaz (nominative singular)
beudōz (nominative plural)
beudōs (nominative plural)
beud (singular vocative)
beudōz (plural vocative)
beudōs (plural vocative)
beudą (accusative singular)
beudanz (accusative plural)
beudas (genitive singular)
biudis (genitive singular)
beudǫ̂ (genitive plural)
beudai (dative singular)
beudamaz (dative plural)
beudō (instrumental singular)
beudamiz (instrumental plural)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *beud
Old English: bēod
Middle English: beod, bied
Old Saxon: biod
Old High German: piot, biot
Middle High German: biet
Alemannic German: Biet n
Bavarian: Biete f
→ Late Latin: beodus, beodis, beudus, beotus, obeodus, ibodus

Old Norse: bjóðr

Icelandic: bjóður

Gothic: 𐌱𐌹𐌿𐌸𐍃 (biuþs)

→ Proto-Finnic: *peütä

Finnish: pöytä

→ Proto-Slavic: *bľudo (see there for further descendants)

From Proto-Indo-European *bʰewdʰ- (“to be awake; be alert; be aware”).

der

that upon which something is offered; table


egalaz

egalaz (nominative singular)
egalōz (nominative plural)
egalōs (nominative plural)
egal (singular vocative)
egalōz (plural vocative)
egalōs (plural vocative)
egalą (accusative singular)
egalanz (accusative plural)
egalas (genitive singular)
egalis (genitive singular)
egalǫ̂ (genitive plural)
egalai (dative singular)
egalamaz (dative plural)
egalō (instrumental singular)
egalamiz (instrumental plural)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *egalu f
Old Saxon: egela
Middle Low German: ēgele, ēgel
Old Dutch: *egela
Middle Dutch: ēgele, ēchel
Dutch: echel
Old High German: egala
Middle High German: egel, egele
German: Egel

Old Norse: *iglr

Icelandic: igla

Faroese: igli, igil

Norwegian Bokmål: igle

Swedish: igel

Danish: igler (plural)

Old Norman *igle > Norman Igle-, Ingle-, Ingre- (pond name element)


adalaz

adalaz (nominative singular)
adalōz (nominative plural)
adalōs (nominative plural)
adal (singular vocative)
adalōz (plural vocative)
adalōs (plural vocative)
adalą (accusative singular)
adalanz (accusative plural)
adalas (genitive singular)
adalis (genitive singular)
adalǫ̂ (genitive plural)
adalai (dative singular)
adalamaz (dative plural)
adalō (instrumental singular)
adalamiz (instrumental plural)

Proto-West Germanic: *adal

Old English: adel

Middle English: adel

English: addle

Scots: adill

Old Frisian: *adel, *edel

North Frisian: ethel

Saterland Frisian: Adel

West Frisian: ael, aal

Old Saxon: *adal

desc

Middle Low German: adel, addel, eddel, iddel

Low German: Adel, Addel

Old Dutch: *adal

Middle Dutch: adel, ael, *aald

Dutch: aal, aalt

Old High German: *atal, *adal

Middle High German: *adel

German: Adel

Bavarian: Adel

Old Norse: *aðl

Norwegian: aale (dialectal)

Old Swedish: adel

Swedish: adel, al

Danish: adel, al (dialectal)

Elfdalian: aðel

Unknown. Possibly a substrate origin. Compare Ancient Greek ἄσις (ásis, “slime, mud”).


ribją

ribją (nominative singular)
ribjō (nominative plural)
ribją (singular vocative)
ribjō (plural vocative)
ribją (accusative singular)
ribjō (accusative plural)
ribjas (genitive singular)
ribis (genitive singular)
ribjǫ̂ (genitive plural)
ribjai (dative singular)
ribjamaz (dative plural)
ribjō (instrumental singular)
ribjamiz (instrumental plural)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *ribi
Old English: ribb, rib
Middle English: ribbe, rib
Scots: rib
English: rib
Old Frisian: ribb, rebb, rib, reb
North Frisian: robb, rabb
Saterland Frisian: Ribbe
West Frisian: ribbe
Old Saxon: ribbi
Middle Low German: ribbe, rebbe
German Low German: Ribbe, Ribb
Low German: Ribbe
→ Danish: rib
→ Norwegian: ribbe
→ Swedish: ribba
Old Dutch: *ribbi
Middle Dutch: ribbe, rebbe
Dutch: ribbe, rib
Old High German: ribi, ribbi, rippi; ribba, rippa
Middle High German: ribbe, ribe, rippe
German: Rippe; Riebe (obsolete)
Luxembourgish: Rëpp
Vilamovian: rejw
Yiddish: ריפּ (rip)

Old Norse: rif

Icelandic: rif

Faroese: riv

Norwegian Bokmål: rev

Norwegian Nynorsk: rev

Old Swedish: rif

Swedish: ref, rev; revben

Old Danish: riv, rev

→ Middle English: rif

Scots: rif, riv

English: reef

→ Middle Low German: rif, ref

Low German: Riff, Reff

→ German: Riff

→ Middle Dutch: rif

Dutch: rif

Afrikaans: rif

Suevic: *rippja:

→ Galician: ripa; ⇒ corripa.

From Proto-Indo-European *h₁rebʰ-yo-m, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁rebʰ- (“to cover, to roof; rib”).


bundą

bundą (nominative singular)
bundō (nominative plural)
bundą (singular vocative)
bundō (plural vocative)
bundą (accusative singular)
bundō (accusative plural)
bundas (genitive singular)
bundis (genitive singular)
bundǫ̂ (genitive plural)
bundai (dative singular)
bundamaz (dative plural)
bundō (instrumental singular)
bundamiz (instrumental plural)

Old English: bund f; byndelle, byndele, bindele f

Middle English: *bund, *bound, bonde; bundel

desc

English: bond, bundle, bind, bound, bownd,

Scots: bund, bound; bundle, bindle

Old Frisian: *bund; *bundel, *bondel

Saterland Frisian: Buund

West Frisian: bondel

Old Saxon: *bund, gibund; bundilīn

Middle Low German: bund, bunt; bündel

Low German: Bundel

→ Danish: bundt

→ Swedish: bunt

→ Norwegian: bunt

Old Dutch: *bund, *bunt; *bundil

Middle Dutch: bont; bundel, bondel

Dutch: bond; bundel, bondel

Afrikaans: bond; bondel

Old High German: *bunt; gibuntili

Middle High German: bunt; bündel

German: Bund; Bündel

Luxembourgish: Bond

Old Norse: *byndi (in handbyndi)

Gothic: 𐌲𐌰𐌱𐌿𐌽𐌳𐌹 (gabundi)

From Proto-Indo-European *bʰendʰ- (“to tie; bind”).


hraukaz

hraukaz (nominative singular)
hraukōz (nominative plural)
hraukōs (nominative plural)
hrauk (singular vocative)
hraukōz (plural vocative)
hraukōs (plural vocative)
hrauką (accusative singular)
hraukanz (accusative plural)
hraukas (genitive singular)
hraukis (genitive singular)
hraukǫ̂ (genitive plural)
hraukai (dative singular)
hraukamaz (dative plural)
hraukō (instrumental singular)
hraukamiz (instrumental plural)

Proto-West Germanic: *hrauk

desctree

Old English: hrēac, hrēc — Anglian
Middle English: rek, reek, reke
English: reek, rick
Middle Scots: reek, rick

Old Saxon: hrōk

Old Dutch: *hrouk, *hrōk

Middle Dutch: rooc

Dutch: rook

Old Norse: hraukr

Icelandic: hraukur

Faroese: reykur

Norwegian: rauk

Old Swedish: rø̄ker

Swedish: rök

Danish: røg

Gutnish: rauk

→ Swedish: rauk

→ Middle English: *rowk, roke, rooke

Scots: rowke, rouk, rook

? Finnic:

→ Estonian: rõuk

→ Finnish: röykkiö, roukkio

→ Ingrian: roukko

→ Veps: rouk

Unknown; but apparently cognate with Lithuanian kruvà, krûvà (“pile, heap, stack”), Old Irish crúach (“stack of corn, rick”). Possibly Proto-Indo-European *krewH- (“to heap up”).


andiz

Proto-West Germanic: *andi

Old English: end

Old High German: enti

⇒ Proto-West Germanic: *andīsk

Old Dutch: endisk, entisc

Old High German: entisk, entisc

⇒ Proto-West Germanic: *andiʀī (noun)

Old High German: enterī, enteri

⇒ Old High German: enterisk, entrisk

Middle High German: enterisch, entrisch

Bavarian: antrisch, enterisch, entrisch

German: entrisch

Old Norse: endr

Icelandic: endur

Comparative adverb formation to Proto-Indo-European *h₂ent- (“front”).


furist

Proto-West Germanic: *furist

Old English: fyrst

Middle English: fyrst, first

English: first

Old Saxon: *furist

Middle Low German: fȫrst, vȫrst

Old High German: furist

Old Norse: fyrst

Icelandic: fyrst

Faroese: fyrst

Norwegian Nynorsk: fyrst, først

Old Swedish: fyrst

Swedish: först

Old Danish: først, fyrst

Danish: først

Norwegian Bokmål: først


knuzlijaną

knuzlijō (active first-person indicative singular)
knuzlijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
knuzlijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
knuzlīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
knuzlijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
knuzlī (active imperative second-person singular)
knuzlijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
knuzlijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
knuzlīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
knuzlijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
knuzlijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
knuzlijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
knuzlijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
knuzlijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
knuzlijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
knuzlijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
knuzlijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
knuzlijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
knuzlijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
knuzlijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
knuzlijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
knuzlijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
knuzlīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
knuzlijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
knuzlīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
knuzlijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
knuzlijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
knuzlijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
knuzlijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
knuzlijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
knuzlijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
knuzlijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
knuzlidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
knuzlidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
knuzlidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
knuzlidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
knuzlidē (active indicative singular third-person)
knuzlidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
knuzlidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
knuzlidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
knuzlidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
knuzlidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
knuzlidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
knuzlidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
knuzlidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
knuzlidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
knuzlidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
knuzlidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
knuzlijandz (active participle present)
knuzlidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Old English: cnyllan; cnyllsan, cnylsian

desc

Middle English: knullen, knyllen, knillen, knellen

Scots: knell; knool

English: knell

Old High German: knullen

Middle High German: knüllen

German: knüllen

→ German Low German: knüllen

Old Norse: knylla

Danish: knolde

Icelandic: knylla, hnylla

Faroese: knylla

Norwegian Bokmål: knulle

Swedish: knulla

From *knus- (“to crush; grind”), from Proto-Indo-European *gen- (“to squeeze; pinch; kink; bale”).


īsarnīnaz

*īsarnīnaz (a-stem)

īsarnīnaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
īsarnīnai (masculine nominative plural strong)
īsarnīnō (feminine nominative singular strong)
īsarnīnôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
īsarnīną (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
īsarnīnō (neuter nominative plural strong)
īsarnīnanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
īsarnīnanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
īsarnīnǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
īsarnīnōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
īsarnīną (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
īsarnīnō (accusative neuter plural strong)
īsarnīnas (genitive masculine singular strong)
-is (genitive masculine singular strong)
īsarnīnaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
īsarnīnaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
īsarnīnaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
īsarnīnas (genitive neuter singular strong)
-is (genitive neuter singular strong)
īsarnīnaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
īsarnīnammai (dative masculine singular strong)
īsarnīnaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
īsarnīnaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
īsarnīnaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
īsarnīnammai (dative neuter singular strong)
īsarnīnaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
īsarnīnanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
īsarnīnaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
īsarnīnaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
īsarnīnaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
īsarnīnanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
īsarnīnaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
īsarnīnô (masculine nominative singular weak)
īsarnīnaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
īsarnīnǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
īsarnīnōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
īsarnīnô (neuter nominative singular weak)
īsarnīnōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
īsarnīnanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
īsarnīnanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
īsarnīnōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
īsarnīnōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
īsarnīnô (accusative neuter singular weak)
īsarnīnōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
īsarnīniniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
īsarnīnanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
īsarnīnōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
īsarnīnōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
īsarnīniniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
īsarnīnanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
īsarnīnini (dative masculine singular weak)
īsarnīnammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
īsarnīnōni (dative feminine singular weak)
īsarnīnōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
īsarnīnini (dative neuter singular weak)
īsarnīnammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
īsarnīninē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
īsarnīnammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
īsarnīnōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
īsarnīnōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
īsarnīninē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
īsarnīnammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

Old English: īsern

Old High German: īsarnīn

Gothic: 𐌴𐌹𐍃𐌰𐍂𐌽𐌴𐌹𐌽𐍃 (eisarneins)


unþa-

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *unþa-
Old English: oþ-, ūþ-
Middle English: oth-
Old Frisian: und-, ond-, and-
Saterland Frisian: und-
West Frisian: ûnt-
Old Saxon: and-
Middle Low German: ent-, unt-
German Low German: ent-
Old Dutch: ant-
Middle Dutch: ont-
Dutch: ont-
Old High German: unt-, int-
Middle High German: ent-
German: ent-

q

in 𐌿𐌽𐌸𐌰𐌸𐌻𐌹𐌿𐌷𐌰𐌽 (unþaþliuhan)

>? Gothic: 𐌿𐌽𐌸𐌰- (unþa-) (in 𐌿𐌽𐌸𐌰𐌸𐌻𐌹𐌿𐌷𐌰𐌽 (unþaþliuhan))

From Proto-Indo-European *h₂u-nt-, from *h₂ew (“away from, off”).


unkunþaz

*unkunþaz (a-stem)

unkunþaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
unkunþai (masculine nominative plural strong)
unkunþō (feminine nominative singular strong)
unkunþôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
unkunþą (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
unkunþō (neuter nominative plural strong)
unkunþanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
unkunþanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
unkunþǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
unkunþōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
unkunþą (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
unkunþō (accusative neuter plural strong)
unkunþas (genitive masculine singular strong)
-is (genitive masculine singular strong)
unkunþaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
unkunþaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
unkunþaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
unkunþas (genitive neuter singular strong)
-is (genitive neuter singular strong)
unkunþaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
unkunþammai (dative masculine singular strong)
unkunþaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
unkunþaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
unkunþaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
unkunþammai (dative neuter singular strong)
unkunþaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
unkunþanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
unkunþaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
unkunþaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
unkunþaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
unkunþanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
unkunþaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
unkunþô (masculine nominative singular weak)
unkunþaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
unkunþǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
unkunþōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
unkunþô (neuter nominative singular weak)
unkunþōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
unkunþanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
unkunþanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
unkunþōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
unkunþōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
unkunþô (accusative neuter singular weak)
unkunþōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
unkunþiniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
unkunþanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
unkunþōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
unkunþōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
unkunþiniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
unkunþanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
unkunþini (dative masculine singular weak)
unkunþammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
unkunþōni (dative feminine singular weak)
unkunþōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
unkunþini (dative neuter singular weak)
unkunþammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
unkunþinē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
unkunþammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
unkunþōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
unkunþōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
unkunþinē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
unkunþammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

Proto-West Germanic: *unkunþ

Old English: uncūþ

Middle English: uncuth, uncouth

Scots: uncouth, unco

→ English: unco

English: uncouth

Old Frisian: *unkūth

Old Saxon: *unkūth, *unkund

Middle Low German: unkunt

Old Dutch: *unkunt, *uncunt

Middle Dutch: oncont

Dutch: onkond

Old High German: unkund

Middle High German: unkunt; unkünde

German: unkund

Old Norse: úkunnr

Icelandic: ókunnur

Old Swedish: okunder

Swedish: okund

Gothic: 𐌿𐌽𐌺𐌿𐌽𐌸𐍃 (unkunþs)


triwīnaz

*triwīnaz (a-stem)

triwīnaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
triwīnai (masculine nominative plural strong)
triwīnō (feminine nominative singular strong)
triwīnôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
triwīną (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
triwīnō (neuter nominative plural strong)
triwīnanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
triwīnanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
triwīnǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
triwīnōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
triwīną (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
triwīnō (accusative neuter plural strong)
triwīnas (genitive masculine singular strong)
-is (genitive masculine singular strong)
triwīnaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
triwīnaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
triwīnaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
triwīnas (genitive neuter singular strong)
-is (genitive neuter singular strong)
triwīnaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
triwīnammai (dative masculine singular strong)
triwīnaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
triwīnaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
triwīnaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
triwīnammai (dative neuter singular strong)
triwīnaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
triwīnanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
triwīnaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
triwīnaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
triwīnaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
triwīnanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
triwīnaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
triwīnô (masculine nominative singular weak)
triwīnaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
triwīnǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
triwīnōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
triwīnô (neuter nominative singular weak)
triwīnōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
triwīnanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
triwīnanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
triwīnōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
triwīnōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
triwīnô (accusative neuter singular weak)
triwīnōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
triwīniniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
triwīnanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
triwīnōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
triwīnōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
triwīniniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
triwīnanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
triwīnini (dative masculine singular weak)
triwīnammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
triwīnōni (dative feminine singular weak)
triwīnōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
triwīnini (dative neuter singular weak)
triwīnammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
triwīninē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
triwīnammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
triwīnōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
triwīnōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
triwīninē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
triwīnammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *triwīn
Old English: trīewen, trēowen
Middle English: trēen
English: treen
Old High German: *trīn
⇒ Old High German: affoltrīn, affultrīn
Middle High German: affolterīn, apfelterīn, apfalterīn, affalterīn
Alemannic German: affolterin

Gothic: 𐍄𐍂𐌹𐍅𐌴𐌹𐌽𐍃 (triweins)


fadrīnaz

*fadrīnaz (a-stem)

fadrīnaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
fadrīnai (masculine nominative plural strong)
fadrīnō (feminine nominative singular strong)
fadrīnôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
fadrīną (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
fadrīnō (neuter nominative plural strong)
fadrīnanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
fadrīnanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
fadrīnǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
fadrīnōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
fadrīną (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
fadrīnō (accusative neuter plural strong)
fadrīnas (genitive masculine singular strong)
-is (genitive masculine singular strong)
fadrīnaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
fadrīnaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
fadrīnaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
fadrīnas (genitive neuter singular strong)
-is (genitive neuter singular strong)
fadrīnaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
fadrīnammai (dative masculine singular strong)
fadrīnaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
fadrīnaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
fadrīnaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
fadrīnammai (dative neuter singular strong)
fadrīnaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
fadrīnanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
fadrīnaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
fadrīnaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
fadrīnaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
fadrīnanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
fadrīnaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
fadrīnô (masculine nominative singular weak)
fadrīnaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
fadrīnǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
fadrīnōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
fadrīnô (neuter nominative singular weak)
fadrīnōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
fadrīnanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
fadrīnanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
fadrīnōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
fadrīnōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
fadrīnô (accusative neuter singular weak)
fadrīnōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
fadrīniniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
fadrīnanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
fadrīnōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
fadrīnōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
fadrīniniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
fadrīnanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
fadrīnini (dative masculine singular weak)
fadrīnammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
fadrīnōni (dative feminine singular weak)
fadrīnōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
fadrīnini (dative neuter singular weak)
fadrīnammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
fadrīninē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
fadrīnammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
fadrīnōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
fadrīnōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
fadrīninē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
fadrīnammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

Proto-West Germanic: *fadrīn
Old English: fæderen
Middle English: faderen, fadryn

Gothic: 𐍆𐌰𐌳𐍂𐌴𐌹𐌽𐍃 (fadreins)

fatherly, paternal, of or pertaining to a father


tizdailijaną

tizdailijō (active first-person indicative singular)
tizdailijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
tizdailijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
tizdailīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
tizdailijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
tizdailī (active imperative second-person singular)
tizdailijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
tizdailijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
tizdailīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
tizdailijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
tizdailijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
tizdailijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
tizdailijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
tizdailijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
tizdailijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
tizdailijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
tizdailijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
tizdailijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
tizdailijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
tizdailijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
tizdailijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
tizdailijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
tizdailīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
tizdailijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
tizdailīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
tizdailijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
tizdailijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
tizdailijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
tizdailijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
tizdailijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
tizdailijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
tizdailijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
tizdailidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
tizdailidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
tizdailidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
tizdailidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
tizdailidē (active indicative singular third-person)
tizdailidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
tizdailidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
tizdailidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
tizdailidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
tizdailidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
tizdailidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
tizdailidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
tizdailidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
tizdailidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
tizdailidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
tizdailidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
tizdailijandz (active participle present)
tizdailidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Old English: tōdǣlan

desc

Middle English: todælen, todealen, todelen

Old High German: zeteilen

Middle High German: zerteilen

German: zertheilen, zerteilen

Gothic: 𐌳𐌹𐍃𐌳𐌰𐌹𐌻𐌾𐌰𐌽 (disdailjan) (< replacement of tiz- with foreign-influenced 𐌳𐌹𐍃- (dis-))


firi-

Old English: fyr-

Old High German: firi-

Gothic: 𐍆𐌰𐌹𐍂- (fair-)

From Proto-Indo-European *per(i) (“through, across”), from *per-.

inh

expresses intensive or perfective meaning


flutōną

flutō (active first-person indicative singular)
flutǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
flutōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
flutōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
flutōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
flutō (active imperative second-person singular)
flutōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
flutōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
flutōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
flutō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
flutōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
flutōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
flutōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
flutōs (active dual first-person indicative)
flutōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
flutōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
flutōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
flutōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
flutōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
flutōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
flutōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
flutōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
flutōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
flutōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
flutōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
flutōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
flutōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
flutōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
flutōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
flutōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
flutōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
flutōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
flutōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
flutōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
flutōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
flutōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
flutōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
flutōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
flutōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
flutōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
flutōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
flutōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
flutōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
flutōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
flutōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
flutōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
flutōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
flutōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
flutōndz (active participle present)
flutōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *flotōn
Old English: flotian
Middle English: floten
Scots: flot, flote, floit
English: float
→ German: floaten
Old Frisian: *flotia
Saterland Frisian: flotje
West Frisian: flotsje
Old Saxon: flotōn
Middle Low German: vloten, vlotten
German Low German: flötten, flöttjen
Old Dutch: *fluton, *floton
Middle Dutch: vloten, vlotten, vlutten
Dutch: vlotten
Afrikaans: vlot
Old High German: *flozzōn
Middle High German: flōzen, vlōzen
→ Old French: floter
Middle French: flotter
French: flotter
→ Italian: fiottare
→ Spanish: flotar

Old Norse: flota

Icelandic: flota

Faroese: flota

Norwegian: flote

Swedish: flotta

Danish: flåde

The iterative of *fleutaną (“to float, stream”), from Proto-Indo-European *plewd- (“to float, swim, fly”).


uberganganą

ubergangō (active first-person indicative singular)
ubergangaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
ubergangai (first-person indicative passive singular)
ubirgangizi (active indicative second-person singular)
ubergangaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
ubergang (active imperative second-person singular)
ubergangazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
ubergangaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
ubirgangidi (active indicative singular third-person)
ubergangai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
ubergangadau (active imperative singular third-person)
ubergangadai (indicative passive singular third-person)
ubergangaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
ubergangōz (active dual first-person indicative)
ubergangaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
ubergangadiz (active dual indicative second-person)
ubergangaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
ubergangadiz (active dual imperative second-person)
ubergangamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
ubergangaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
ubergangandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
ubergangaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
ubirgangid (active indicative plural second-person)
ubergangaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
ubirgangid (active imperative plural second-person)
ubergangandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
ubergangaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
ubergangandi (active indicative plural third-person)
ubergangain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
ubergangandau (active imperative plural third-person)
ubergangandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
ubergangaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
ubergegang (active first-person indicative singular)
ubergegangį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
ubergeganht (active indicative second-person singular)
ubergegangīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
ubergegang (active indicative singular third-person)
ubergegangī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
ubergegangū (active dual first-person indicative)
ubergegangīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
ubergegangudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
ubergegangīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
ubergegangum (active first-person indicative plural)
ubergegangīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
ubergegangud (active indicative plural second-person)
ubergegangīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
ubergegangun (active indicative plural third-person)
ubergegangīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
ubergangandz (active participle present)
uberganganaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Old English: ofergangan

Middle English: overgangen

English: overgang

Old Saxon: ovargangan

Old High German: ubargangan

(Old Norse: ganga yfir)

Gothic: 𐌿𐍆𐌰𐍂𐌲𐌰𐌲𐌲𐌰𐌽 (ufargaggan)

/ˌu.βer.ˈɣɑŋ.ɡɑ.nɑ̃/


faganaz

*faganaz (a-stem)

faganaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
faganai (masculine nominative plural strong)
faganō (feminine nominative singular strong)
faganôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
faganą (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
faganō (neuter nominative plural strong)
fagananǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
fagananz (accusative masculine plural strong)
faganǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
faganōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
faganą (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
faganō (accusative neuter plural strong)
faganas (genitive masculine singular strong)
-is (genitive masculine singular strong)
faganaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
faganaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
faganaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
faganas (genitive neuter singular strong)
-is (genitive neuter singular strong)
faganaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
faganammai (dative masculine singular strong)
faganaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
faganaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
faganaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
faganammai (dative neuter singular strong)
faganaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
fagananō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
faganaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
faganaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
faganaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
fagananō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
faganaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
faganô (masculine nominative singular weak)
fagananiz (masculine nominative plural weak)
faganǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
faganōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
faganô (neuter nominative singular weak)
faganōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
fagananų (accusative masculine singular weak)
fagananunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
faganōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
faganōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
faganô (accusative neuter singular weak)
faganōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
faganiniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
fagananǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
faganōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
faganōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
faganiniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
fagananǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
faganini (dative masculine singular weak)
faganammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
faganōni (dative feminine singular weak)
faganōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
faganini (dative neuter singular weak)
faganammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
faganinē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
faganammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
faganōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
faganōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
faganinē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
faganammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *fagan
Old English: fæġen
Middle English: fain
English: fain
Scots: fain
Old Saxon: fagan, fagin
Old High German: fagin

Old Norse: feginn
Faroese: fegin
Icelandic: feginn
Norwegian: fegen
Old Swedish: fæghin
Swedish: fägen

/ˈɸɑ.ɣɑ.nɑz/

From Proto-Indo-European *poh₂ḱ-, *peh₂ḱ- (“to make pretty, rejoice”).


tradō

tradō (nominative singular)
tradôz (nominative plural)
tradō (singular vocative)
tradôz (plural vocative)
tradǭ (accusative singular)
tradōz (accusative plural)
tradōz (genitive singular)
tradǫ̂ (genitive plural)
tradōi (dative singular)
tradōmaz (dative plural)
tradō (instrumental singular)
tradōmiz (instrumental plural)

Proto-West Germanic: *tradu

Old Saxon: trada

Middle Low German: trāde

Low German: Trade, Traad, Traai

→ Middle English: trade

Scots: trade

English: trade

Old Dutch: *trada

Middle Dutch: trāde, trā

Dutch: tra

Old High German: trata

Middle High German: trat

German: Tratt

Luxembourgish: Tratt

→ Slovene: trata

Old Norse: trǫð

Icelandic: tröð

Norwegian: trød, trå, tra

Swedish: trad (dialectal)

Old Danish: trad

→ Proto-Finnic: *rata

Estonian: rada

Finnish: rata

From Proto-Indo-European *dreh₂- (“to tread, walk, step, run”). Cognate with Sanskrit द्राति (drāti, “to run”) and Ancient Greek δρόμος (drómos, “running”). See also *trudaną (“to tread”).


sarkiz

sarkiz (nominative singular)
sarkīz (nominative plural)
sarki (singular vocative)
sarkīz (plural vocative)
sarkį (accusative singular)
sarkinz (accusative plural)
sarkīz (genitive singular)
sarkijǫ̂ (genitive plural)
sarkī (dative singular)
sarkimaz (dative plural)
sarkī (instrumental singular)
sarkimiz (instrumental plural)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *sarki
Old English: sierċe, serċ, syrċ, syriċ, serċe, syrċe, sirċe
Middle English: serk, serke, sark (through the Anglian variant)
Scots: serk, sark
English: sark
Old Frisian: *serk
North Frisian: serk, särk

Old Norse: serkr
Icelandic: serkur
Faroese: serkur
Norwegian Nynorsk: serk
Old Swedish: særker
Swedish: särk
Old Danish: særk
Danish: særk
Norwegian Bokmål: serk
Scanian: særk

From Proto-Indo-European *ser- (“to string; tie; attach; connect; sleep with”).


simlê

desc

Old English: simel, simble, simbel, simbles, semle, siemle, symle, symble; simel-, simbel-

Middle English: simle, simble

Old Saxon: simla, simbla

Old High German: simble, simple, simpal, simles, simples

Old Norse: simul

Gothic: 𐍃𐌹𐌼𐌻𐌴 (simlē)

From Proto-Indo-European *sem- (“one; together; same”) + *-ê (adverbial suffix).


trewwō

trewwō (nominative singular)
trewwôz (nominative plural)
trewwō (singular vocative)
trewwôz (plural vocative)
trewwǭ (accusative singular)
trewwōz (accusative plural)
trewwōz (genitive singular)
trewwǫ̂ (genitive plural)
trewwōi (dative singular)
trewwōmaz (dative plural)
trewwō (instrumental singular)
trewwōmiz (instrumental plural)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *treuwu
Old English: trēow, trȳw
Middle English: trewe, truw, tru
Scots: trew, trewe
English: true
Old Frisian: triōwe, triūwe, trouwe
Saterland Frisian: Trjoue, Tjoue
West Frisian: trou
Old Saxon: treuwa
Middle Low German: truwe, trouwe
German Low German: Troo
Low German: Troue
→ Old Norse: trú
Icelandic: trú
Faroese: trúgv
Norwegian Nynorsk: tru
→ Norwegian Bokmål: tru
Swedish: tro
Danish: tro
Norwegian Bokmål: tro
Old Dutch: triuwa
Middle Dutch: trouwe, trūwe
Dutch: trouw
Afrikaans: trou
Old High German: triuwa, trūwa, trūa
Middle High German: triuwe
German: Treue
Luxembourgish: Trei
→ Vulgar Latin: *trewa
Old French: triwe, trive, trieve
Middle French: trieve
French: trêve
Occitan: treva, trev
Medieval Latin: trewa

Gothic: 𐍄𐍂𐌹𐌲𐌲𐍅𐌰 (triggwa)
→ Latin: *tregua, treuga (or possibly from West Germanic)
Old Galician-Portuguese: tregua
Galician: tregoa
Portuguese: trégua
Italian: tregua
Occitan: tregua
Spanish: tregua
→ English: treague

Vandalic: *triuw-

From Proto-Indo-European *drewo-, *derwo-, *dóru (“tree”).


dammijaną

dammijō (active first-person indicative singular)
dammijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
dammijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
dammīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
dammijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
dammī (active imperative second-person singular)
dammijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
dammijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
dammīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
dammijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
dammijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
dammijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
dammijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
dammijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
dammijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
dammijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
dammijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
dammijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
dammijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
dammijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
dammijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
dammijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
dammīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
dammijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
dammīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
dammijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
dammijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
dammijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
dammijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
dammijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
dammijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
dammijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
dammidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
dammidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
dammidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
dammidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
dammidē (active indicative singular third-person)
dammidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
dammidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
dammidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
dammidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
dammidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
dammidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
dammidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
dammidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
dammidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
dammidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
dammidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
dammijandz (active participle present)
dammidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *dammijan
Old English: *demman
Middle English: demmen, dammen
English: dam
Early Scots: dem, daime
Scots: dem, daim
⇒ Old English: fordemman
Old Frisian: demma, damma
Old Saxon: *demmian
Middle Low German: demmen, dammen
German Low German: dämmen, dammen
Old Dutch: *demmen, *dammon
Middle Dutch: *demmen, dammen
Dutch: dammen
Old High German: *temmen
⇒ Old High German: bitemmen
Middle High German: temmen
German: dämmen

Old Norse: demma

Icelandic: demma

Faroese: demma

Norwegian: demme

Old Swedish: dæmma

Swedish: dämma

Old Danish: dæmmæ

Danish: dæmme

Gutnish: däme, däm', däma

Gothic: *𐌳𐌰𐌼𐌼𐌾𐌰𐌽 (*dammjan)

⇒ Gothic: 𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌳𐌰𐌼𐌼𐌾𐌰𐌽 (faurdammjan)


grēduz

grēduz (nominative singular)
grēdiwiz (nominative plural)
grēdu (singular vocative)
grēdiwiz (plural vocative)
grēdų (accusative singular)
grēdunz (accusative plural)
grēdauz (genitive singular)
grēdiwǫ̂ (genitive plural)
grēdiwi (dative singular)
grēdumaz (dative plural)
grēdū (instrumental singular)
grēdumiz (instrumental plural)

Proto-West Germanic: *grādu

Old English: grǣd

Old Norse: gráðr, gráði
Icelandic: gráður
Norwegian Nynorsk: gråde
Old Swedish: grādh f

Gothic: 𐌲𐍂𐌴𐌳𐌿𐍃 (grēdus)

From Pre-Germanic *gʰreh₁tús, from Proto-Indo-European *gʰreh₁-, *gʰer- (“to desire, enjoy”). Related to Latin horior (“to encourage”), Ancient Greek χαίρω (khaírō, “to rejoice”), Sanskrit हर्यति (haryati, “to like, enjoy”).


hulą

hulą (nominative singular)
hulō (nominative plural)
hulą (singular vocative)
hulō (plural vocative)
hulą (accusative singular)
hulō (accusative plural)
hulas (genitive singular)
hulis (genitive singular)
hulǫ̂ (genitive plural)
hulai (dative singular)
hulamaz (dative plural)
hulō (instrumental singular)
hulamiz (instrumental plural)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *hol
Old English: hol
Middle English: hol, hole, hool
Scots: hol, holl, hole
English: hole
Old Frisian: hol
North Frisian: hol
Old Saxon: *hol
Middle Low German: hol
Low German: Holl
Old Dutch: *hol
Middle Dutch: hol
Dutch: hol
Old High German: hol
Middle High German: hol
→ Walloon: hol (possibly from Norse)
→? Norman: houle (unless from Old Norse hol)
Middle French: houle
French: houle

Old Norse: hol, hul

Icelandic: hol

Faroese: hol

Norwegian Nynorsk: hòl

→ Norwegian Bokmål: hol

Old Swedish: hul, hol

Swedish: hål

Danish: hul

Norwegian Bokmål: hull

→ Norman: houle

→ French: houle

⇒ Gothic: 𐌷𐌿𐌻𐌿𐌽𐌳𐌹 (hulundi)


smūganą

smūgō (active first-person indicative singular)
smūgaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
smūgai (first-person indicative passive singular)
smūgizi (active indicative second-person singular)
smūgaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
smūg (active imperative second-person singular)
smūgazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
smūgaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
smūgidi (active indicative singular third-person)
smūgai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
smūgadau (active imperative singular third-person)
smūgadai (indicative passive singular third-person)
smūgaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
smūgōz (active dual first-person indicative)
smūgaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
smūgadiz (active dual indicative second-person)
smūgaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
smūgadiz (active dual imperative second-person)
smūgamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
smūgaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
smūgandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
smūgaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
smūgid (active indicative plural second-person)
smūgaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
smūgid (active imperative plural second-person)
smūgandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
smūgaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
smūgandi (active indicative plural third-person)
smūgain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
smūgandau (active imperative plural third-person)
smūgandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
smūgaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
smaug (active first-person indicative singular)
smugį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
smauht (active indicative second-person singular)
smugīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
smaug (active indicative singular third-person)
smugī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
smugū (active dual first-person indicative)
smugīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
smugudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
smugīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
smugum (active first-person indicative plural)
smugīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
smugud (active indicative plural second-person)
smugīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
smugun (active indicative plural third-person)
smugīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
smūgandz (active participle present)
smuganaz (active participle past subjunctive)


tremaną

tremō (active first-person indicative singular)
tremaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
tremai (first-person indicative passive singular)
trimizi (active indicative second-person singular)
tremaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
trem (active imperative second-person singular)
tremazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
tremaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
trimidi (active indicative singular third-person)
tremai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
tremadau (active imperative singular third-person)
tremadai (indicative passive singular third-person)
tremaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
tremōz (active dual first-person indicative)
tremaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
tremadiz (active dual indicative second-person)
tremaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
tremadiz (active dual imperative second-person)
tremamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
tremaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
tremandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
tremaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
trimid (active indicative plural second-person)
tremaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
trimid (active imperative plural second-person)
tremandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
tremaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
tremandi (active indicative plural third-person)
tremain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
tremandau (active imperative plural third-person)
tremandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
tremaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
tram (active first-person indicative singular)
trēmį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
tramt (active indicative second-person singular)
trēmīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
tram (active indicative singular third-person)
trēmī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
trēmū (active dual first-person indicative)
trēmīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
trēmudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
trēmīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
trēmum (active first-person indicative plural)
trēmīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
trēmud (active indicative plural second-person)
trēmīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
trēmun (active indicative plural third-person)
trēmīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
tremandz (active participle present)
trumanaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *treman
Old High German: *treman
Middle High German: tremen

From Proto-Indo-European *drem- (“to run”). A direct cognate with Sanskrit द्रमति (drámati, “to run (about)”).


hulaz

*hulaz (a-stem)

hulaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
hulai (masculine nominative plural strong)
hulō (feminine nominative singular strong)
hulôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
hulą (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
hulō (neuter nominative plural strong)
hulanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
hulanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
hulǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
hulōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
hulą (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
hulō (accusative neuter plural strong)
hulas (genitive masculine singular strong)
-is (genitive masculine singular strong)
hulaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
hulaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
hulaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
hulas (genitive neuter singular strong)
-is (genitive neuter singular strong)
hulaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
hulammai (dative masculine singular strong)
hulaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
hulaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
hulaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
hulammai (dative neuter singular strong)
hulaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
hulanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
hulaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
hulaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
hulaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
hulanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
hulaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
hulô (masculine nominative singular weak)
hulaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
hulǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
hulōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
hulô (neuter nominative singular weak)
hulōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
hulanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
hulanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
hulōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
hulōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
hulô (accusative neuter singular weak)
hulōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
huliniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
hulanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
hulōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
hulōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
huliniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
hulanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
hulini (dative masculine singular weak)
hulammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
hulōni (dative feminine singular weak)
hulōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
hulini (dative neuter singular weak)
hulammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
hulinē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
hulammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
hulōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
hulōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
hulinē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
hulammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *hol
Old English: hol
Middle English: hol, hole, holle, halle
English: hole
Scots: holl, how, howe
Yola: hel
Old Frisian: hol
Saterland Frisian: hol
West Frisian: hol
Old Saxon: hol
Middle Low German: hol
German Low German: holl
Old Dutch: *hol
Middle Dutch: hol
Dutch: hol
Old High German: hol
Middle High German: hol
Alemannic German: hol
German: hohl
Luxembourgish: huel

Old Norse: holr
Icelandic: holur
Norwegian Nynorsk: hol
→ Norwegian Bokmål: hol
Old Swedish: hul, hol
Swedish: hål
Danish: hul
Norwegian Bokmål: hul

Uncertain. Various explanations have been proposed, none without problems.
* From *ḱel- (“to cover”), the root of *helaną. The regular outcome of the zero grade would be *hl-, but it is possible that u was inserted to avoid a nonsyllabic root, by analogy with many other Germanic zero grades.
* From *ḱewh₁- (“to swell”). A long vowel would be expected in the zero grade due to the following laryngeal, but Kroonen explains this away as "pretonic shortening". In this case, related to Latin cavus and Ancient Greek κοῖλος (koîlos).


hakulaz

hakulaz (nominative singular)
hakulōz (nominative plural)
hakulōs (nominative plural)
hakul (singular vocative)
hakulōz (plural vocative)
hakulōs (plural vocative)
hakulą (accusative singular)
hakulanz (accusative plural)
hakulas (genitive singular)
hakulis (genitive singular)
hakulǫ̂ (genitive plural)
hakulai (dative singular)
hakulamaz (dative plural)
hakulō (instrumental singular)
hakulamiz (instrumental plural)

Proto-West Germanic: *hakul, *hakil

Old English: hacele, hacole, hacule, heċhele, heċile, haeċilae, haeċile, hæcla
Middle English: hakle, hacle, hakille
English: hackle
Scots: heckle

Old Frisian: hekil, hexil

Old Saxon: hakul, hacul; hekila

Old High German: hahhul, hachul

Middle High German: hachel

Old Norse: hǫkull
Icelandic: hökull
Norwegian Nynorsk: hakel
Danish: hagel
→ Norwegian Bokmål: hagel

Gothic: 𐌷𐌰𐌺𐌿𐌻𐍃 (hakuls)

Unknown. Compare Proto-Slavic *koža (“skin, leather”), from Proto-Slavic *koza (“goat”).
Compare Proto-West Germanic *hōkīn (“kid”).


falwaz

*falwaz (a-stem)

falwaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
falwai (masculine nominative plural strong)
falwō (feminine nominative singular strong)
falwôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
falwą (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
falwō (neuter nominative plural strong)
falwanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
falwanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
falwǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
falwōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
falwą (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
falwō (accusative neuter plural strong)
falwas (genitive masculine singular strong)
-is (genitive masculine singular strong)
falwaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
falwaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
falwaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
falwas (genitive neuter singular strong)
-is (genitive neuter singular strong)
falwaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
falwammai (dative masculine singular strong)
falwaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
falwaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
falwaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
falwammai (dative neuter singular strong)
falwaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
falwanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
falwaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
falwaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
falwaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
falwanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
falwaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
falwô (masculine nominative singular weak)
falwaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
falwǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
falwōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
falwô (neuter nominative singular weak)
falwōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
falwanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
falwanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
falwōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
falwōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
falwô (accusative neuter singular weak)
falwōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
falwiniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
falwanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
falwōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
falwōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
falwiniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
falwanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
falwini (dative masculine singular weak)
falwammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
falwōni (dative feminine singular weak)
falwōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
falwini (dative neuter singular weak)
falwammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
falwinē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
falwammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
falwōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
falwōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
falwinē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
falwammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

Old English: fealu

Middle English: falwe, falewe, falow

English: fallow

Scots: fallow, fallaw, fellow, follow

Old Frisian: *falo, *falu

Saterland Frisian: foal

West Frisian: feal

Old Saxon: falu

Middle Low German: fāle, vāle, fāl, vāl

German Low German: fahl

⇒ Middle Low German: falwisch

Frankish: *falu (stem: *falwa-)

Old Dutch: *falo

Middle Dutch: vāle, vālu

Dutch: vaal

→ Medieval Latin: falvus (see there for further descendants)

Old High German: falo

Middle High German: val (stem: valw-)

German: fahl, falb

Old Norse: fǫlr (stem fǫlv-)

Icelandic: fölur

Faroese: følin

Old Swedish:

Swedish: fal

desc

⇒ Swedish: falna (“to become pale”, verb)

⇒ Danish: falme (verb)

⇒ Norwegian: folne, falne, falme (verbs)

⇒ Suevic: *falwisca

→ Galician: faísca (“spark; dandruff”)

From Proto-Indo-European *polHwós (“pale, gray”), from Proto-Indo-European *pelH-. Cognate with Latin pullus (“dark, dusky”), Ancient Greek πολιός (poliós, “gray”) and πελιός (peliós, “dark, dull”), and Proto-Balto-Slavic *palwas (“pale (yellow)”) (e.g. Lithuanian pal̃vas (“pale, straw-colored”)).


uzsōkijaną

uzsōkijō (active first-person indicative singular)
uzsōkijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
uzsōkijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
uzsōkīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
uzsōkijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
uzsōkī (active imperative second-person singular)
uzsōkijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
uzsōkijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
uzsōkīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
uzsōkijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
uzsōkijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
uzsōkijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
uzsōkijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
uzsōkijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
uzsōkijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
uzsōkijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
uzsōkijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
uzsōkijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
uzsōkijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
uzsōkijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
uzsōkijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
uzsōkijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
uzsōkīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
uzsōkijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
uzsōkīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
uzsōkijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
uzsōkijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
uzsōkijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
uzsōkijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
uzsōkijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
uzsōkijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
uzsōkijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
uzsōhtǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
uzsōhtēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
uzsōhtēz (active indicative second-person singular)
uzsōhtēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
uzsōhtē (active indicative singular third-person)
uzsōhtēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
uzsōhtēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
uzsōhtēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
uzsōhtēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
uzsōhtēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
uzsōhtēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
uzsōhtēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
uzsōhtēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
uzsōhtēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
uzsōhtēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
uzsōhtēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
uzsōkijandz (active participle present)
uzsōkidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Old English: āsēċan

Middle English: asechen

Old High German: arsuohhan

Middle High German: ersuochen

German: ersuchen

Gothic: 𐌿𐍃𐍃𐍉𐌺𐌾𐌰𐌽 (ussōkjan)


grīnaną

grīnō (active first-person indicative singular)
grīnaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
grīnai (first-person indicative passive singular)
grīnizi (active indicative second-person singular)
grīnaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
grīn (active imperative second-person singular)
grīnazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
grīnaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
grīnidi (active indicative singular third-person)
grīnai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
grīnadau (active imperative singular third-person)
grīnadai (indicative passive singular third-person)
grīnaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
grīnōz (active dual first-person indicative)
grīnaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
grīnadiz (active dual indicative second-person)
grīnaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
grīnadiz (active dual imperative second-person)
grīnamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
grīnaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
grīnandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
grīnaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
grīnid (active indicative plural second-person)
grīnaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
grīnid (active imperative plural second-person)
grīnandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
grīnaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
grīnandi (active indicative plural third-person)
grīnain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
grīnandau (active imperative plural third-person)
grīnandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
grīnaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
grain (active first-person indicative singular)
grinį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
graint (active indicative second-person singular)
grinīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
grain (active indicative singular third-person)
grinī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
grinū (active dual first-person indicative)
grinīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
grinudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
grinīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
grinum (active first-person indicative plural)
grinīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
grinud (active indicative plural second-person)
grinīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
grinun (active indicative plural third-person)
grinīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
grīnandz (active participle present)
grinanaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *grīnan
Old Saxon: *grīnan
Middle Low German: grînen
German Low German: grienen
→ German: grienen
→ Dutch: grienen
Old Dutch: *grīnan
Middle Dutch: grinen
Dutch: grijnen (obsolete)
Limburgish: griene
Old High German: grīnan
Middle High German: grīnen
Alemannic German: griine
German: greinen
Luxembourgish: gréngen

Old Norse: grína
Icelandic: grína
Faroese: grína
Norwegian Nynorsk: grina
Elfdalian: graina
Old Swedish: *grīna
Swedish: grina
Danish: grine
Norwegian Bokmål: grine

Possibly from Proto-Indo-European *gʰrey- (“to flash”), with a nasal suffix. Kroonen connects it with Old Irish grían (“sun”).


grubaz

*grubaz (a-stem)

grubaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
grubai (masculine nominative plural strong)
grubō (feminine nominative singular strong)
grubôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
grubą (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
grubō (neuter nominative plural strong)
grubanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
grubanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
grubǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
grubōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
grubą (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
grubō (accusative neuter plural strong)
grubas (genitive masculine singular strong)
-is (genitive masculine singular strong)
grubaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
grubaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
grubaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
grubas (genitive neuter singular strong)
-is (genitive neuter singular strong)
grubaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
grubammai (dative masculine singular strong)
grubaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
grubaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
grubaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
grubammai (dative neuter singular strong)
grubaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
grubanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
grubaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
grubaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
grubaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
grubanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
grubaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
grubô (masculine nominative singular weak)
grubaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
grubǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
grubōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
grubô (neuter nominative singular weak)
grubōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
grubanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
grubanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
grubōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
grubōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
grubô (accusative neuter singular weak)
grubōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
grubiniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
grubanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
grubōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
grubōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
grubiniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
grubanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
grubini (dative masculine singular weak)
grubammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
grubōni (dative feminine singular weak)
grubōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
grubini (dative neuter singular weak)
grubammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
grubinē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
grubammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
grubōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
grubōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
grubinē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
grubammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

Proto-West Germanic: *grob, *gahrob

Old Frisian: *grof

Saterland Frisian: groaf

West Frisian: grof

Old Saxon: *grof

Middle Low German: grof, grōv-

Low German: groff

Plautdietsch: groff

→ Old Norse: grófr (descendants may reflect other forms)

Norwegian: grov

Danish: grov

Old Swedish: grōver

Swedish: grov

Old Dutch: *grof

desctree

Middle Dutch: grof
Dutch: grof
Afrikaans: grof
Berbice Creole Dutch: grofu
Negerhollands: grof
→ Virgin Islands Creole: grof (dated)
→ Papiamentu: gròf, grof
→ Sranan Tongo: grofu
→ Caribbean Hindustani: grofu
→ Caribbean Javanese: grofu
→ Saramaccan: goófu
Limburgish: graof
→ English: gruff

Old High German: grob, girob

Middle High German: grop, grob

German: grob

⇒ Old High German: griobo (noun) (< *greubô)

Middle High German: griebe

Alemannic German: Grüübi

German: Griebe

Origin uncertain. Possibly from Pre-Germanic *gʰrubʰos, from Proto-Indo-European *gʰrewbʰ-. Related to Lithuanian grubus (“rough”), Serbo-Croatian grȗb (“rough, coarse”).
Alternatively from *ga- + *hrubaz, related to Proto-Germanic *hreubaz (“scabby, rough”).


sīþuz

sīþuz (masculine nominative singular strong)
sīþijai (masculine nominative plural strong)
sīþī (feminine nominative singular strong)
sīþijôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
sīþų (neuter nominative singular strong)
-jatō (neuter nominative singular strong)
sīþijō (neuter nominative plural strong)
sīþijanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
sīþijanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
sīþijǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
sīþijōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
sīþų (accusative neuter singular strong)
-jatō (accusative neuter singular strong)
sīþijō (accusative neuter plural strong)
sīþijas (genitive masculine singular strong)
sīþīs (genitive masculine singular strong)
sīþijaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
sīþijaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
sīþijaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
sīþijas (genitive neuter singular strong)
sīþīs (genitive neuter singular strong)
sīþijaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
sīþijammai (dative masculine singular strong)
sīþijaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
sīþijaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
sīþijaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
sīþijammai (dative neuter singular strong)
sīþijaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
sīþijanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
sīþijaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
sīþijaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
sīþijaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
sīþijanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
sīþijaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
sīþijô (masculine nominative singular weak)
sīþijaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
sīþijǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
sīþijōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
sīþijô (neuter nominative singular weak)
sīþijōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
sīþijanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
sīþijanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
sīþijōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
sīþijōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
sīþijô (accusative neuter singular weak)
sīþijōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
sīþīniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
sīþijanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
sīþijōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
sīþijōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
sīþīniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
sīþijanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
sīþīni (dative masculine singular weak)
sīþijammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
sīþijōni (dative feminine singular weak)
sīþijōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
sīþīni (dative neuter singular weak)
sīþijammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
sīþīnē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
sīþijammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
sīþijōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
sīþijōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
sīþīnē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
sīþijammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

desctree

Old English: sīþ
Middle English: *siþe
Yola: zeeth
⇒ Old English: sīþlīċe
Middle English: siþeli, siddele

⇒ Old Frisian: sether

Old Saxon: sīth

Middle Low German: sît

⇒ Old Saxon: sīthor, sithor

Middle Low German: sider, sēder

Old Dutch: *sīth

Middle Dutch: sîde

⇒ Old Dutch: sither

Middle Dutch: sēder

⇒ Middle Dutch: tsēdert

Dutch: sedert

Old High German: sīd

Middle High German: sīt

German: seit

Luxembourgish: säit

⇒ Old High German: sīdor, sidor

Middle High German: sider, siders

German: sider (obsolete)

Old Norse: síðr, síð

Icelandic: síður, síð

Faroese: síður, síð

Gothic: 𐍃𐌴𐌹𐌸𐌿𐍃 (seiþus)

→ Proto-Finnic: *hidas (see there for further descendants)

From Pre-Germanic *séh₁itus or *sh₁éitus, from Proto-Indo-European *seh₁-. Related to Latin sērus (“late, slow”), Old Irish sír (“long, lasting”).


hwalbaz

*hwalbaz (a-stem)

hwalbaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
hwalbai (masculine nominative plural strong)
hwalbō (feminine nominative singular strong)
hwalbôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
hwalbą (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
hwalbō (neuter nominative plural strong)
hwalbanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
hwalbanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
hwalbǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
hwalbōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
hwalbą (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
hwalbō (accusative neuter plural strong)
hwalbas (genitive masculine singular strong)
-is (genitive masculine singular strong)
hwalbaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
hwalbaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
hwalbaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
hwalbas (genitive neuter singular strong)
-is (genitive neuter singular strong)
hwalbaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
hwalbammai (dative masculine singular strong)
hwalbaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
hwalbaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
hwalbaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
hwalbammai (dative neuter singular strong)
hwalbaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
hwalbanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
hwalbaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
hwalbaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
hwalbaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
hwalbanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
hwalbaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
hwalbô (masculine nominative singular weak)
hwalbaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
hwalbǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
hwalbōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
hwalbô (neuter nominative singular weak)
hwalbōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
hwalbanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
hwalbanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
hwalbōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
hwalbōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
hwalbô (accusative neuter singular weak)
hwalbōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
hwalbiniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
hwalbanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
hwalbōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
hwalbōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
hwalbiniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
hwalbanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
hwalbini (dative masculine singular weak)
hwalbammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
hwalbōni (dative feminine singular weak)
hwalbōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
hwalbini (dative neuter singular weak)
hwalbammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
hwalbinē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
hwalbammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
hwalbōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
hwalbōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
hwalbinē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
hwalbammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

Old English: hwealf

From Pre-Germanic *kʷolpós, from Proto-Indo-European *kʷelp-.


blēdrǭ

blēdrǭ (nominative singular)
blēdrōniz (nominative plural)
blēdrǭ (singular vocative)
blēdrōniz (plural vocative)
blēdrōnų (accusative singular)
blēdrōnunz (accusative plural)
blēdrōniz (genitive singular)
blēdrōnǫ̂ (genitive plural)
blēdrōni (dative singular)
blēdrōmaz (dative plural)
blēdrōnē (instrumental singular)
blēdrōmiz (instrumental plural)

Proto-West Germanic: *blādrā
Old English: blǣdre, blæddre
Middle English: bladdre, bladder, bledder
English: bladder
Old Saxon: *blādra
Middle Low German: blāder
German Low German: Bladder
Old Dutch: *blādara
Middle Dutch: blâdere, blâder, blâer
Dutch: blaar
Afrikaans: blaar
Limburgish: blaor
Old High German: blātara
Middle High German: blātere
German: Blatter
Luxembourgish: Bloder

Old Norse: blaðra, *blæðra

Icelandic: blaðra

Norwegian: blære

Old Swedish: blædhra

Swedish: bläddra

Danish: blære

/ˈblɛːð.rɔ̃ː/

From Pre-Germanic *bʰleh₁tréh₂(n) or *bʰleh₁dʰreh₂(n), instrumental formation to Proto-Indo-European *bʰleh₁- (“to blow”).


kringaną

kringō (active first-person indicative singular)
kringaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
kringai (first-person indicative passive singular)
kringizi (active indicative second-person singular)
kringaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
kring (active imperative second-person singular)
kringazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
kringaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
kringidi (active indicative singular third-person)
kringai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
kringadau (active imperative singular third-person)
kringadai (indicative passive singular third-person)
kringaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
kringōz (active dual first-person indicative)
kringaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
kringadiz (active dual indicative second-person)
kringaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
kringadiz (active dual imperative second-person)
kringamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
kringaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
kringandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
kringaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
kringid (active indicative plural second-person)
kringaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
kringid (active imperative plural second-person)
kringandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
kringaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
kringandi (active indicative plural third-person)
kringain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
kringandau (active imperative plural third-person)
kringandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
kringaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
krang (active first-person indicative singular)
krungį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
kranht (active indicative second-person singular)
krungīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
krang (active indicative singular third-person)
krungī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
krungū (active dual first-person indicative)
krungīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
krungudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
krungīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
krungum (active first-person indicative plural)
krungīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
krungud (active indicative plural second-person)
krungīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
krungun (active indicative plural third-person)
krungīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
kringandz (active participle present)
krunganaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Old English: cringan, crincan (< *krinkaną)

Old Dutch: *kringan

Middle Dutch: cringen

Dutch: kringen

Afrikaans: krink

From Proto-Indo-European *grenǵʰ- (“to turn”). Related to Lithuanian gręžti (“to bore, drill”).