gasōkijaną

gasōkijō (active first-person indicative singular)
gasōkijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
gasōkijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
gasōkīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
gasōkijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
gasōkī (active imperative second-person singular)
gasōkijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
gasōkijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
gasōkīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
gasōkijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
gasōkijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
gasōkijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
gasōkijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
gasōkijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
gasōkijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
gasōkijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
gasōkijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
gasōkijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
gasōkijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
gasōkijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
gasōkijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
gasōkijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
gasōkīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
gasōkijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
gasōkīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
gasōkijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
gasōkijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
gasōkijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
gasōkijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
gasōkijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
gasōkijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
gasōkijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
gasōhtǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
gasōhtēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
gasōhtēz (active indicative second-person singular)
gasōhtēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
gasōhtē (active indicative singular third-person)
gasōhtēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
gasōhtēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
gasōhtēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
gasōhtēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
gasōhtēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
gasōhtēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
gasōhtēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
gasōhtēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
gasōhtēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
gasōhtēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
gasōhtēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
gasōkijandz (active participle present)
gasōkidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Old English: ġesœ̄ċan, ġesēċan

Middle English: ȝesechen, isechen

Old Saxon: gisōkian

Old Dutch: *gisuoken, *gisōken

Middle Dutch: gesoeken

Old High German: gisuohhen, gisuochen

Middle High German: gesuochen

German: gesuchen

Gothic: 𐌲𐌰𐍃𐍉𐌺𐌾𐌰𐌽 (gasōkjan)

to seek thoroughly for; quest for; seek out


witą

witą (nominative singular)
witō (nominative plural)
witą (singular vocative)
witō (plural vocative)
witą (accusative singular)
witō (accusative plural)
witas (genitive singular)
witis (genitive singular)
witǫ̂ (genitive plural)
witai (dative singular)
witamaz (dative plural)
witō (instrumental singular)
witamiz (instrumental plural)

Proto-West Germanic: *wit

Old High German: *wiz

⇒ Old High German: giwiz

Old Norse: vit

Icelandic: vit

Faroese: vit

Norwegian: vit

Old Swedish: vit, vēt

Swedish: vett

Danish: vid

From Proto-Indo-European *weyd- (“to know”).


knūjaną

knūjō (active first-person indicative singular)
knūjaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
knūjai (first-person indicative passive singular)
knūisi (active indicative second-person singular)
knūjais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
knūi (active imperative second-person singular)
knūjasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
knūjaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
knūiþi (active indicative singular third-person)
knūjai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
knūjaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
knūjaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
knūjaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
knūjōs (active dual first-person indicative)
knūjaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
knūjaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
knūjaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
knūjaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
knūjamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
knūjaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
knūjanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
knūjainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
knūiþ (active indicative plural second-person)
knūjaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
knūiþ (active imperative plural second-person)
knūjanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
knūjainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
knūjanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
knūjain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
knūjanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
knūjanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
knūjainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
knūidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
knūidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
knūidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
knūidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
knūidē (active indicative singular third-person)
knūidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
knūidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
knūidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
knūidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
knūidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
knūidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
knūidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
knūidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
knūidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
knūidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
knūidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
knūjandz (active participle present)
knūidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Old Norse: knýja

Icelandic: knýja

From pre-Germanic *gnuH-yé-ti, from Proto-Indo-European *gnewH-.

Brill Publishers
Germanic parent language


strīdaz

gem-decl-noun-table

*strīdaz (a-stem)

strīdaz (nominative singular)
strīdōz (nominative plural)
-ōs (nominative plural)
strīd (singular vocative)
strīdōz (plural vocative)
-ōs (plural vocative)
strīdą (accusative singular)
strīdanz (accusative plural)
strīdas (genitive singular)
-is (genitive singular)
strīdǫ̂ (genitive plural)
strīdai (dative singular)
strīdamaz (dative plural)
strīdō (instrumental singular)
strīdamiz (instrumental plural)

Proto-West Germanic: *strīd

Old Frisian: strīd n

West Frisian: striid c

Old Saxon: strīd

→ Old English: strīþ

Old Dutch: *strīt

Middle Dutch: strijt

desctree

Dutch: strijd
Afrikaans: stryd
Negerhollands: stri
→ Aukan: sitee
→ Sranan Tongo: strei
→ Caribbean Javanese: strèi

Old High German: strīt
Middle High German: strīt
German: Streit

Old Norse: stríð

Icelandic: stríð

Danish: strid

Norwegian Bokmål: strid

Norwegian Nynorsk: strid

Old Swedish: stridh

Swedish: strid

→ Proto-Finnic: *riita (see there for further descendants)

→ Proto-Samic: *rijtō (see there for further descendants)


walką

walką (nominative singular)
walkō (nominative plural)
walką (singular vocative)
walkō (plural vocative)
walką (accusative singular)
walkō (accusative plural)
walkas (genitive singular)
walkis (genitive singular)
walkǫ̂ (genitive plural)
walkai (dative singular)
walkamaz (dative plural)
walkō (instrumental singular)
walkamiz (instrumental plural)

Proto-West Germanic: *walk
Old English: *wealc, ġewealc
Middle English: walk, walc, walke
English: walk
Scots: walk
Old Dutch: *walk
Middle Dutch: walc
Old High German: *walc
Middle High German: walc
German: Walk (obsolete)

Old Norse: valk

Icelandic: volk

Norwegian:

Norwegian Nynorsk: valk

Norwegian Bokmål: valk

Old Danish: walk

Danish: valk

Swedish: valk

From or related to *walkaną (“to roll”).


dungz

dungz (nominative singular)
dungiz (nominative plural)
dung (singular vocative)
dungiz (plural vocative)
dungų (accusative singular)
dungunz (accusative plural)
dungiz (genitive singular)
dungǫ̂ (genitive plural)
dungi (dative singular)
dungumaz (dative plural)
dungē (instrumental singular)
dungumiz (instrumental plural)

Proto-West Germanic: *dung
Old English: dung, ding
Middle English: donge, dung, dunge
→ Anglo-Norman: donjun (semantic loan)
Old Saxon: dung
Middle Low German: dunk, dunc
Old High German: tung
Middle High German: tunc
German: Tunk

From Proto-Indo-European *dʰéngʰ-s ~ *dʰn̥gʰ-és, from *dʰengʰ- (“to cover, hide, conceal”) + *-s.


wiþō

wiþō (nominative singular)
wiþôz (nominative plural)
wiþō (singular vocative)
wiþôz (plural vocative)
wiþǭ (accusative singular)
wiþōz (accusative plural)
wiþōz (genitive singular)
wiþǫ̂ (genitive plural)
wiþōi (dative singular)
wiþōmaz (dative plural)
wiþō (instrumental singular)
wiþōmiz (instrumental plural)

Old Saxon: with

Middle Low German: wēde

Old High German: wid


Ansuwaldaz

Ansuwaldaz (nominative singular)
Ansuwald (singular vocative)
Ansuwaldą (accusative singular)
Ansuwaldai (dative singular)
Ansuwaldō (instrumental singular)

Proto-West Germanic: *Ansuwald

Old English: Ōsweald

Middle English: Oswald

English: Oswald

Old High German: Answalt

German: Answald

→ Latin: Ansoaldus

Italian: Ansaldo

Proto-Norse: *ᚨᛊᚢᚹᚨᛚᛞᚨᛉ (*asuwaldaʀ)

Old Norse: Ásvaldr

Icelandic: Ásvaldur

Faroese: Ásvaldur

Norwegian: Åsvald

→ Latin: Osvaldus

Italian: Osvaldo

Spanish: Osvaldo

Portuguese: Osvaldo

From *ansuz (“deity”) + *waldą (“authority”).


Mahtihildiz

Mahtihildiz (nominative singular)
Mahtihildi (singular vocative)
Mahtihildį (accusative singular)
Mahtihildīz (genitive singular)
Mahtihildī (dative singular)
Mahtihildī (instrumental singular)

Proto-West Germanic: *Mahtihild

desc

Old High German: Mahthildis, Mahthilt, *Mahthilta

Middle High German: ?

German: Mathilde, Mechthild

→ Latin: Mahthildis

Old French: Mathilde, Mahaut

French: Mathilde

→ Old English: Mathild

English: Matilda, Maud

Old Norse: Matthildr

Icelandic: Matthildur

Faroese: Matthild

From *mahtiz (“strength”) + *hildiz (“battle, fight”).


walą

walą (nominative singular)
walō (nominative plural)
walą (singular vocative)
walō (plural vocative)
walą (accusative singular)
walō (accusative plural)
walas (genitive singular)
walis (genitive singular)
walǫ̂ (genitive plural)
walai (dative singular)
walamaz (dative plural)
walō (instrumental singular)
walamiz (instrumental plural)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *walu f
Old High German: wala
Middle High German: wale
German: Wahl
→ Luxembourgish: Wal
Luxembourgish: Wiel (with umlaut after the verb)

Old Norse: val

Icelandic: val

Faroese: val

Norwegian Nynorsk: val

Swedish: val

Danish: valg

Norwegian Bokmål: valg

→ Faroese: valg

desc

→ Middle English: wale, wal, wayle, wall

Scots: wale, wail

English: wale

From Proto-Indo-European *welh₁- (“to choose, to want”).


Waldaharjaz

Waldaharjaz (nominative singular)
Waldaharją (accusative singular)
Waldaharjai (dative singular)
Waldaharjō (instrumental singular)

Proto-West Germanic: *Waldahari

Old English: Waldhere

Old Dutch: *Waldheri

Middle Dutch:

Dutch: Wouter

→ Old Northern French: Waltier

→ English: Walter

French: Gauthier, Gautier

→ Italian: Gualtiero

→ Spanish: Gutierre

→ Galician: Guterre

desctree

Old High German: Waltheri
Middle High German:
German: Walther, Walter
→ Latin: Waltharius

Old Norse: Valdarr

Icelandic: Valdar

Norwegian: Valdar

Danish: Valdar

→ Latin: Gualterius

Portuguese: Gualtério

Spanish: Gualterio

From *waldaz or *waldą + *harjaz. Compare *Harjawaldaz, composed of the same elements but in the reverse order.


gudahūsą

gudahūsą (nominative singular)
gudahūsō (nominative plural)
gudahūsą (singular vocative)
gudahūsō (plural vocative)
gudahūsą (accusative singular)
gudahūsō (accusative plural)
gudahūsas (genitive singular)
gudahūsis (genitive singular)
gudahūsǫ̂ (genitive plural)
gudahūsai (dative singular)
gudahūsamaz (dative plural)
gudahūsō (instrumental singular)
gudahūsamiz (instrumental plural)

Proto-West Germanic: *godahūs

Old English: *godhūs

Middle English: goddes hous

English: God's house; House of God

Old Frisian: godishūs

Old Saxon: *godhūs

Middle Low German: godeshûs

Old Dutch: *godhūs

Middle Dutch: godeshuus

Dutch: godshuis

Old High German: *gothūs

Middle High German: gotshūs

German: Gotteshaus

⇒ Old High German: abgothūs

Middle High German: abgothūs

German: Abgotthaus (archaic)

Old Norse: goðahús, goðhús

Icelandic: goðahús, goðhús

Gothic: 𐌲𐌿𐌳𐌷𐌿𐍃 (gudhūs)


raþjǭ

raþjǭ (nominative singular)
raþjōniz (nominative plural)
raþjǭ (singular vocative)
raþjōniz (plural vocative)
raþjōnų (accusative singular)
raþjōnunz (accusative plural)
raþjōniz (genitive singular)
raþjōnǫ̂ (genitive plural)
raþjōni (dative singular)
raþjōmaz (dative plural)
raþjōnē (instrumental singular)
raþjōmiz (instrumental plural)

Old Frisian: rethia

Old Saxon: rethia

Middle Dutch: rēde

Dutch: rede

Old High German: redea, reda, redia

Middle High German: rede

German: Rede

Gothic: 𐍂𐌰𐌸𐌾𐍉 (raþjō)

From Proto-Indo-European *h₂reh₁- (“to think, reason”).


bōþō

bōþō (nominative singular)
bōþôz (nominative plural)
bōþō (singular vocative)
bōþôz (plural vocative)
bōþǭ (accusative singular)
bōþōz (accusative plural)
bōþōz (genitive singular)
bōþǫ̂ (genitive plural)
bōþōi (dative singular)
bōþōmaz (dative plural)
bōþō (instrumental singular)
bōþōmiz (instrumental plural)

Old Saxon: *bōtha

Middle Low German: bôde

German Low German: Boo

Old Dutch: *buotha

Middle Dutch: boede

Dutch: boede; boet, boe, boeie (dialectal)

Old High German: *buoda

Middle High German: buode

German: Bude

→ German Low German: Bude, Buud

→ Old Czech: buda

Czech: bouda

→ German: Baude

Old West Norse: búð

Icelandic: búð

Faroese: búð

Norwegian Nynorsk: bu, bud

→ Norwegian Bokmål: bu

Old East Norse: bóð

Old Swedish: bōþ

Swedish: bod

Old Danish: bōð

Danish: bod

Norwegian Bokmål: bod

→ Middle English: bothe

Scots: buth

English: booth

From Proto-Indo-European *bʰuH- (“to become, grow, appear”).


skipōną

skipō (active first-person indicative singular)
skipǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
skipōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
skipōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
skipōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
skipō (active imperative second-person singular)
skipōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
skipōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
skipōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
skipō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
skipōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
skipōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
skipōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
skipōs (active dual first-person indicative)
skipōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
skipōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
skipōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
skipōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
skipōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
skipōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
skipōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
skipōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
skipōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
skipōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
skipōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
skipōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
skipōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
skipōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
skipōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
skipōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
skipōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
skipōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
skipōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
skipōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
skipōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
skipōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
skipōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
skipōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
skipōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
skipōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
skipōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
skipōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
skipōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
skipōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
skipōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
skipōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
skipōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
skipōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
skipōndz (active participle present)
skipōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *skipōn
Old English: sċipian
Middle English: schipen, schepen, schippen
English: ship
Scots: schip
Old Frisian: skipia
Saterland Frisian: schiepje
West Frisian: skipje
Old Saxon: *skipōn
Middle Low German: scepen, schēpen, scheppen
Old Dutch: *skipon, *scipon
Middle Dutch: schēpen
Dutch: schepen
Old High German: *skipfōn, *skiphōn
Middle High German: schipfen, schiffen
German: schiffen
→ Old French: eschiper, esquiper
Middle French: esquiper
French: équiper
→ English: equip

Old Norse: skipa

Icelandic: skipa

Faroese: skipa

Norwegian Nynorsk: skipa

Norwegian Bokmål: skipe

Swedish: skeppa

Danish: skibe

From Proto-Indo-European *skeyb- (“to cut, divide; ship”). Equivalent to *skipą (“ship”) + *-ōną.


maidijaną

maidijō (active first-person indicative singular)
maidijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
maidijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
maidīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
maidijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
maidī (active imperative second-person singular)
maidijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
maidijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
maidīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
maidijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
maidijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
maidijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
maidijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
maidijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
maidijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
maidijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
maidijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
maidijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
maidijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
maidijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
maidijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
maidijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
maidīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
maidijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
maidīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
maidijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
maidijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
maidijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
maidijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
maidijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
maidijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
maidijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
maididǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
maididēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
maididēz (active indicative second-person singular)
maididēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
maididē (active indicative singular third-person)
maididēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
maididēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
maididēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
maididēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
maididēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
maididēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
maididēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
maididēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
maididēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
maididēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
maididēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
maidijandz (active participle present)
maididaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Old Norse: meiða

Icelandic: meiða

Faroese: meiða

Faroese: meiðsla

Gothic: 𐌼𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌽 (maidjan)

From Proto-Indo-European *meytH- (“to change, exchange”).


garihtiją

garihtiją (nominative singular)
garihtijō (nominative plural)
garihtiją (singular vocative)
garihtijō (plural vocative)
garihtiją (accusative singular)
garihtijō (accusative plural)
garihtijas (genitive singular)
garihtīs (genitive singular)
garihtijǫ̂ (genitive plural)
garihtijai (dative singular)
garihtijamaz (dative plural)
garihtijō (instrumental singular)
garihtijamiz (instrumental plural)

Old English: ġerihte, ġeriht

Middle English: ȝerihte, irihte

English: right (partially)

Old Frisian: *(g)eriūhte

q

Saterland Frisian: Gjucht (possibly borrowed from Middle Low German)

Old Saxon: *girihti

Middle Low German: gerichte, gerechte

German Low German: Gericht

Old Dutch: *gerihti

desc

Middle Dutch: gerichte, gericht, gerechte

Dutch: gerecht

Afrikaans: gereg

Old High German: girihti

Middle High German: gerihte, geriht, gerehte, gereht

Cimbrian: garìcht

German: Gericht

Old Norse: rétti

Icelandic: rétti


klōkaz

*klōkaz (a-stem)

klōkaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
klōkai (masculine nominative plural strong)
klōkō (feminine nominative singular strong)
klōkôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
klōką (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
klōkō (neuter nominative plural strong)
klōkanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
klōkanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
klōkǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
klōkōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
klōką (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
klōkō (accusative neuter plural strong)
klōkas (genitive masculine singular strong)
-is (genitive masculine singular strong)
klōkaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
klōkaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
klōkaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
klōkas (genitive neuter singular strong)
-is (genitive neuter singular strong)
klōkaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
klōkammai (dative masculine singular strong)
klōkaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
klōkaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
klōkaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
klōkammai (dative neuter singular strong)
klōkaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
klōkanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
klōkaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
klōkaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
klōkaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
klōkanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
klōkaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
klōkô (masculine nominative singular weak)
klōkaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
klōkǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
klōkōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
klōkô (neuter nominative singular weak)
klōkōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
klōkanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
klōkanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
klōkōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
klōkōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
klōkô (accusative neuter singular weak)
klōkōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
klōkiniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
klōkanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
klōkōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
klōkōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
klōkiniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
klōkanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
klōkini (dative masculine singular weak)
klōkammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
klōkōni (dative feminine singular weak)
klōkōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
klōkini (dative neuter singular weak)
klōkammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
klōkinē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
klōkammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
klōkōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
klōkōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
klōkinē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
klōkammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

Old Saxon: *klōk

Middle Low German: klôk

→ Middle High German: kluoc

German: klug

Cimbrian: kluug

Hunsrik: klugh

Yiddish: קלוג (klug)

desctree

→ Old Norse: klókr
Danish: klog
Faroese: klókur
Icelandic: klókur
Norwegian Bokmål: klok
Norwegian Nynorsk: klok
Old Swedish: kloker
Swedish: klok

Old Dutch: *cluoc

Middle Dutch: cloec

Dutch: kloek

Afrikaans: kloek

Of uncertain origin. Possibly related to Old Irish glicc (“shrewd, acute”), Scots gleg (“smart, quick”), Ancient Greek καλχαίνω (kalkhaínō, “to ponder”), Middle English begalewen (“to frighten, stupefy”).

cog

Friedrich Kluge
John Francis Davis
Nicoline van der Sijs


hnīgwaną

From Proto-Indo-European *kneygʷʰ- (“to bend, to droop”).


fedurþungaz

fedurþungaz (nominative singular)
fedurþungōz (nominative plural)
fedurþungōs (nominative plural)
fedurþung (singular vocative)
fedurþungōz (plural vocative)
fedurþungōs (plural vocative)
fedurþungą (accusative singular)
fedurþunganz (accusative plural)
fedurþungas (genitive singular)
fedurþungis (genitive singular)
fedurþungǫ̂ (genitive plural)
fedurþungai (dative singular)
fedurþungamaz (dative plural)
fedurþungō (instrumental singular)
fedurþungamiz (instrumental plural)

Proto-West Germanic: *feurþung

Old English: fēorþung, fēorþing

Middle English: ferthing

English: farthing

Scots: ferding, farding

Old Frisian: fiārdēng; fiārdunge

Old High German: *fiordung

Middle High German: vierdunc

German: Vierdung

→ Polish: wiardunek

Old Norse: fjórðungr

Icelandic: fjórðungur

Faroese: fjórðingur


laikaz

laikaz (nominative singular)
laikōz (nominative plural)
laikōs (nominative plural)
laik (singular vocative)
laikōz (plural vocative)
laikōs (plural vocative)
laiką (accusative singular)
laikanz (accusative plural)
laikas (genitive singular)
laikis (genitive singular)
laikǫ̂ (genitive plural)
laikai (dative singular)
laikamaz (dative plural)
laikō (instrumental singular)
laikamiz (instrumental plural)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *laik
Old English: lāc n or f
Middle English: lake, lak, lac
English: lake
Old High German: leih
Middle High German: leich
German: Laich (“spawn”)
→ German: Leich ("song", learned borrowing)
→ Old French: lai
French: lai
→ Middle English: lay
English: lay

Proto-Norse: *ᛚᚨᛁᚲᚨᛉ (*laikaʀ)

desc

⇒ Proto-Norse: ᚺᚨᛞᚢᛚᚨᛁᚲᚨᛉ (hadulaikaʀ, male given name)

desctree

Old Norse: leikr
Icelandic: leikur
Faroese: leikur
Norwegian Nynorsk: leik
→ Norwegian Bokmål: leik
Danish: leg
Norwegian Bokmål: lek
Old Swedish: leker
Swedish: lek
→ Finnish: leikki

Gothic: 𐌻𐌰𐌹𐌺𐍃 (laiks)

→ Proto-Slavic: *likъ (see there for further descendants)

→ Proto-Finnic: *laikka (see there for further descendants)

From Proto-Indo-European *leyg- (“to bounce, shake, tremble”).


Nerþuz

Nerþuz (nominative singular)
Nerþauz (genitive singular)

desctree

Old Norse: Njǫrðr
Icelandic: Njörður
Faroese: Njørður
Norwegian Nynorsk: Njord
Swedish: Njärd, Njord
Danish: Njørd, Njord
→ English: Njorth, Njord

→ Latin: Nerthus

Unknown. Possibly from Proto-Indo-European *h₂nḗr (“power, vitality, force”). More at Njörðr, Njörun, and Nerthus.

der

A Germanic goddess (or God), reconstructed from the Latinized form Nerthus


rahną

rahną (nominative singular)
rahnō (nominative plural)
rahną (singular vocative)
rahnō (plural vocative)
rahną (accusative singular)
rahnō (accusative plural)
rahnas (genitive singular)
rahnis (genitive singular)
rahnǫ̂ (genitive plural)
rahnai (dative singular)
rahnamaz (dative plural)
rahnō (instrumental singular)
rahnamiz (instrumental plural)

Proto-West Germanic: *rahn

Old High German: rahan (“booty”)

desctree

Old Norse: rán
Icelandic: rán
Norwegian: ran
Old Swedish: rān
Swedish: rån
Danish: ran

→? Finnish: rahna (“money”)

Uncertain; possibly from Proto-Indo-European *Hrók-no-m, from *Hrek- (“to decide, to lead”), whence also *raginą.


rahnijaną

rahnijō (active first-person indicative singular)
rahnijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
rahnijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
rahnīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
rahnijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
rahnī (active imperative second-person singular)
rahnijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
rahnijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
rahnīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
rahnijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
rahnijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
rahnijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
rahnijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
rahnijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
rahnijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
rahnijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
rahnijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
rahnijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
rahnijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
rahnijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
rahnijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
rahnijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
rahnīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
rahnijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
rahnīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
rahnijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
rahnijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
rahnijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
rahnijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
rahnijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
rahnijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
rahnijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
rahnidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
rahnidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
rahnidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
rahnidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
rahnidē (active indicative singular third-person)
rahnidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
rahnidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
rahnidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
rahnidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
rahnidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
rahnidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
rahnidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
rahnidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
rahnidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
rahnidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
rahnidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
rahnijandz (active participle present)
rahnidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *rahnijan

Old High German: *rahanen

desc

⇒ Old High German: birahanen (“to plunder, capture”)

>? Old High German: rahanen, rānen (“to rage”)

Old Norse: ræna (“to rob”)

Icelandic: ræna

Faroese: ræna

Danish: rane (“to steal”)

>? Gothic: 𐍂𐌰𐌷𐌽𐌾𐌰𐌽 (rahnjan)

From *rahną (“robbery, plunder”) + *-janą.


sumblą

sumblą (nominative singular)
sumblō (nominative plural)
sumblą (singular vocative)
sumblō (plural vocative)
sumblą (accusative singular)
sumblō (accusative plural)
sumblas (genitive singular)
sumblis (genitive singular)
sumblǫ̂ (genitive plural)
sumblai (dative singular)
sumblamaz (dative plural)
sumblō (instrumental singular)
sumblamiz (instrumental plural)

Old English: symbel

Old Saxon: symbal, sumbal

Old High German: *sumbal

Old Norse: sumbl

From an earlier *sumlą. The first element of the word is likely Proto-Indo-European *sm̥-, while the second element is unknown. According to Paul Bauschatz, the second element is *alu with the whole meaning being "gathering or coming together of ale".


welwaną

welwō (active first-person indicative singular)
welwaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
welwai (first-person indicative passive singular)
wilwizi (active indicative second-person singular)
welwaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
welw (active imperative second-person singular)
welwazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
welwaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
wilwidi (active indicative singular third-person)
welwai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
welwadau (active imperative singular third-person)
welwadai (indicative passive singular third-person)
welwaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
welwōz (active dual first-person indicative)
welwaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
welwadiz (active dual indicative second-person)
welwaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
welwadiz (active dual imperative second-person)
welwamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
welwaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
welwandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
welwaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
wilwid (active indicative plural second-person)
welwaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
wilwid (active imperative plural second-person)
welwandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
welwaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
welwandi (active indicative plural third-person)
welwain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
welwandau (active imperative plural third-person)
welwandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
welwaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
walw (active first-person indicative singular)
wulwį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
walwt (active indicative second-person singular)
wulwīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
walw (active indicative singular third-person)
wulwī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
wulwū (active dual first-person indicative)
wulwīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
wulwudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
wulwīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
wulwum (active first-person indicative plural)
wulwīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
wulwud (active indicative plural second-person)
wulwīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
wulwun (active indicative plural third-person)
wulwīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
welwandz (active participle present)
wulwanaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *welwan

Old English: welwan, wilwan

⇒ Old Frisian: wlemma

⇒ Old Frisian: wlemmelsa

Gothic: 𐍅𐌹𐌻𐍅𐌰𐌽 (wilwan)

From Proto-Indo-European *welh₃- (“to hit, strike”).


skeldaną

skeldō (active first-person indicative singular)
skeldaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
skeldai (first-person indicative passive singular)
skildizi (active indicative second-person singular)
skeldaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
skeld (active imperative second-person singular)
skeldazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
skeldaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
skildidi (active indicative singular third-person)
skeldai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
skeldadau (active imperative singular third-person)
skeldadai (indicative passive singular third-person)
skeldaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
skeldōz (active dual first-person indicative)
skeldaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
skeldadiz (active dual indicative second-person)
skeldaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
skeldadiz (active dual imperative second-person)
skeldamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
skeldaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
skeldandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
skeldaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
skildid (active indicative plural second-person)
skeldaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
skildid (active imperative plural second-person)
skeldandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
skeldaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
skeldandi (active indicative plural third-person)
skeldain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
skeldandau (active imperative plural third-person)
skeldandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
skeldaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
skald (active first-person indicative singular)
skuldį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
skalst (active indicative second-person singular)
skuldīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
skald (active indicative singular third-person)
skuldī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
skuldū (active dual first-person indicative)
skuldīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
skuldudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
skuldīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
skuldum (active first-person indicative plural)
skuldīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
skuldud (active indicative plural second-person)
skuldīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
skuldun (active indicative plural third-person)
skuldīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
skeldandz (active participle present)
skuldanaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Old Frisian: skelda

Saterland Frisian: skeelde

West Frisian: skelle

Old Saxon: *skeldan (attested in skeldāri)

Middle Low German: schelden

German Low German: schellen

Old Dutch: skeldan

Middle Dutch: schelden

Dutch: schelden

Afrikaans: skel

Old High German: skeltan

Middle High German: schelten

German: schelten

From Proto-Indo-European *skeldʰ-, from Proto-Indo-European *kelh₁- (“to call, to shout, to sound”) with a s-mobile.


hōhô

hōhô (nominative singular)
hōhaniz (nominative plural)
hōhô (singular vocative)
hōhaniz (plural vocative)
hōhanų (accusative singular)
hōhanunz (accusative plural)
hōhiniz (genitive singular)
hōhanǫ̂ (genitive plural)
hōhini (dative singular)
hōhammaz (dative plural)
hōhinē (instrumental singular)
hōhammiz (instrumental plural)

Gothic: 𐌷𐍉𐌷𐌰 (hōha)

From Proto-Indo-European *ḱokh₂-. Cognate with Sanskrit शाखा (śākhā, “branch”), Russian соха́ (soxá, “wooden plough”), Armenian ցախ (cʻax, “branch”), Lithuanian šakà (“branch”), Old Irish géc (“branch”) and Persian شاخ (šâx, “branch”).


suppǭ

suppǭ (nominative singular)
suppōniz (nominative plural)
suppǭ (singular vocative)
suppōniz (plural vocative)
suppōnų (accusative singular)
suppōnunz (accusative plural)
suppōniz (genitive singular)
suppōnǫ̂ (genitive plural)
suppōni (dative singular)
suppōmaz (dative plural)
suppōnē (instrumental singular)
suppōmiz (instrumental plural)

Old English: soppe

Middle English: soppe, sop

English: sop

Scots: sop, sap

Old Frisian: *soppe

Saterland Frisian: Soppe

West Frisian: sop

Old Saxon: suppa, *soppa

Middle Low German: suppe, soppe

German Low German: Sopp

Frankish: *suppa, *soppa

Old Dutch: *suppa, *soppa

Middle Dutch: soppe

West Flemish: zoppe

→ Latin: suppa (also possibly from *suppô)

Old French: soppe, souppe, sope

Middle French: soupe

French: soupe

→ Persian: سوپ (sup)

→ Middle English: soupe

English: soup

→ Dutch: soep

Galician: sopa

Lombard: süpa

Portuguese: sopa

Spanish: sopa

desc

Old High German: supfa, suppa, *soppa, *sopfa

Middle High German: suffe, suppe, soppe, sopfe

German: Supfe (archaic), Suppe

From Proto-Indo-European *sewH- (“wetness, moisture, rain; juice, sap, flow”).


werþą

werþą (nominative singular)
werþō (nominative plural)
werþą (singular vocative)
werþō (plural vocative)
werþą (accusative singular)
werþō (accusative plural)
werþas (genitive singular)
wirþis (genitive singular)
werþǫ̂ (genitive plural)
werþai (dative singular)
werþamaz (dative plural)
werþō (instrumental singular)
werþamiz (instrumental plural)

desctree

Old English: weorþ
Middle English: worth
Scots: wirth
English: worth

Old Saxon: werth

Old Norse: verð

Faroese: verð

Icelandic: verð

Gothic: 𐍅𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌸 (wairþ)


lindīnaz

*lindīnaz (a-stem)

lindīnaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
lindīnai (masculine nominative plural strong)
lindīnō (feminine nominative singular strong)
lindīnôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
lindīną (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
lindīnō (neuter nominative plural strong)
lindīnanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
lindīnanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
lindīnǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
lindīnōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
lindīną (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
lindīnō (accusative neuter plural strong)
lindīnas (genitive masculine singular strong)
-is (genitive masculine singular strong)
lindīnaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
lindīnaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
lindīnaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
lindīnas (genitive neuter singular strong)
-is (genitive neuter singular strong)
lindīnaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
lindīnammai (dative masculine singular strong)
lindīnaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
lindīnaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
lindīnaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
lindīnammai (dative neuter singular strong)
lindīnaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
lindīnanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
lindīnaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
lindīnaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
lindīnaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
lindīnanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
lindīnaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
lindīnô (masculine nominative singular weak)
lindīnaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
lindīnǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
lindīnōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
lindīnô (neuter nominative singular weak)
lindīnōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
lindīnanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
lindīnanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
lindīnōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
lindīnōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
lindīnô (accusative neuter singular weak)
lindīnōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
lindīniniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
lindīnanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
lindīnōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
lindīnōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
lindīniniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
lindīnanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
lindīnini (dative masculine singular weak)
lindīnammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
lindīnōni (dative feminine singular weak)
lindīnōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
lindīnini (dative neuter singular weak)
lindīnammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
lindīninē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
lindīnammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
lindīnōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
lindīnōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
lindīninē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
lindīnammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

Old English: linden

Middle English: linden

English: linden

Old Frisian: *linden

⇒ West Frisian: linenbeam

Old Saxon: *lindīn

Middle Low German: linden

⇒ German Low German: Linnenboom

Old High German: lintīn

Middle High German: lintīn, lindīn

German: linden


wundrōną

wundrō (active first-person indicative singular)
wundrǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
wundrōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
wundrōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
wundrōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
wundrō (active imperative second-person singular)
wundrōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
wundrōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
wundrōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
wundrō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
wundrōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
wundrōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
wundrōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
wundrōs (active dual first-person indicative)
wundrōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
wundrōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
wundrōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
wundrōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
wundrōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
wundrōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
wundrōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
wundrōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
wundrōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
wundrōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
wundrōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
wundrōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
wundrōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
wundrōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
wundrōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
wundrōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
wundrōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
wundrōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
wundrōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
wundrōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
wundrōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
wundrōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
wundrōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
wundrōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
wundrōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
wundrōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
wundrōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
wundrōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
wundrōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
wundrōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
wundrōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
wundrōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
wundrōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
wundrōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
wundrōndz (active participle present)
wundrōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *wundrōn
Old English: wundrian
Middle English: wondren
English: wonder
Old Frisian: wunderia
Saterland Frisian: wunnerje
West Frisian: wûnderje, wonderje
Old Saxon: wundrōn
Middle Low German: wunderen, wonderen, wundern
German Low German: wunnern
Old Dutch: wunderon
Middle Dutch: wunderen, wonderen
Dutch: wonderen
Afrikaans: wonder
Old High German: wuntarōn
Middle High German: wunderen, wundern
German: wundern

Old Norse: undra
Icelandic: undra
Faroese: undrast
Norwegian Nynorsk: undra, undre; undrast
Norwegian Bokmål: undre; undres
Swedish: undra
Danish: undre

From *wundrą (“wonder, miracle”) + *-ōną.


-lausaz

-lausaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
-lausai (masculine nominative plural strong)
-lausō (feminine nominative singular strong)
-lausôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
-lausą (neuter nominative singular strong)
-at (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
-lausō (neuter nominative plural strong)
-lausanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
-lausanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
-lausǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
-lausōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
-lausą (accusative neuter singular strong)
-at (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
-lausō (accusative neuter plural strong)
-lausas (genitive masculine singular strong)
-lausis (genitive masculine singular strong)
-lausaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
-lausaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
-lausaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
-lausas (genitive neuter singular strong)
-lausis (genitive neuter singular strong)
-lausaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
-lausammai (dative masculine singular strong)
-lausaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
-lausaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
-lausaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
-lausammai (dative neuter singular strong)
-lausaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
-lausanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
-lausaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
-lausaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
-lausaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
-lausanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
-lausaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
-lausô (masculine nominative singular weak)
-lausaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
-lausǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
-lausōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
-lausô (neuter nominative singular weak)
-lausōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
-lausanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
-lausanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
-lausōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
-lausōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
-lausô (accusative neuter singular weak)
-lausōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
-lausiniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
-lausanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
-lausōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
-lausōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
-lausiniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
-lausanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
-lausini (dative masculine singular weak)
-lausammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
-lausōni (dative feminine singular weak)
-lausōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
-lausini (dative neuter singular weak)
-lausammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
-lausinē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
-lausammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
-lausōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
-lausōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
-lausinē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
-lausammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

Proto-West Germanic: *-laus
Old English: -lēas
Middle English: -les, -las, -lasse, -læs, -leas, -lease, -leæs, -lese, -lesse, -lez, -lies, -liese, -lis, -lise, -lyas, -lyese
English: -less
Scots: -less
Old Frisian: -lās
Saterland Frisian: -loos
West Frisian: -leas
Old Saxon: -lōs
Middle Low German: -lōs
Plautdietsch: -looss
Old Dutch: -lōs
Middle Dutch: -loos
Dutch: -loos
Afrikaans: -loos
Old High German: -lōs
Middle High German: -lōs
German: -los

desc

Proto-Norse: *-ᛚᚨᚢᛊᚨᛉ (*-lausaʀ), -ᛚᛡᛋᛡᛦ (-lᴀsᴀʀ), -ᛚᛡᚢᛋᛉ (-lᴀusʀ)

ᚺᛡᛖᚱᛡᛗᛡᛚᛡᚢᛋᛉ

⇒ Proto-Norse: ᚺᛖᚱᛡᛗᛡᛚᛡᛋᛡᛦ (herᴀmᴀlᴀsᴀʀ), ᚺᛡᛖᚱᛡᛗᛡᛚᛡᚢᛋᛉ (hᴀerᴀmᴀlᴀusʀ)

Old Norse: -lauss

Icelandic: -laus

Faroese: -leysur

Norn: -los

Old Swedish: -lø̄s

Swedish: -lös

Danish: -løs

Norwegian Bokmål: -løs

Gothic: -𐌻𐌰𐌿𐍃 (-laus)


bēgaz

*bēgaz (a-stem)

bēgaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
bēgai (masculine nominative plural strong)
bēgō (feminine nominative singular strong)
bēgôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
bēgą (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
bēgō (neuter nominative plural strong)
bēganǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
bēganz (accusative masculine plural strong)
bēgǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
bēgōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
bēgą (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
bēgō (accusative neuter plural strong)
bēgas (genitive masculine singular strong)
-is (genitive masculine singular strong)
bēgaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
bēgaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
bēgaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
bēgas (genitive neuter singular strong)
-is (genitive neuter singular strong)
bēgaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
bēgammai (dative masculine singular strong)
bēgaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
bēgaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
bēgaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
bēgammai (dative neuter singular strong)
bēgaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
bēganō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
bēgaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
bēgaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
bēgaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
bēganō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
bēgaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
bēgô (masculine nominative singular weak)
bēganiz (masculine nominative plural weak)
bēgǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
bēgōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
bēgô (neuter nominative singular weak)
bēgōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
bēganų (accusative masculine singular weak)
bēganunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
bēgōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
bēgōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
bēgô (accusative neuter singular weak)
bēgōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
bēginiz (genitive masculine singular weak)
bēganǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
bēgōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
bēgōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
bēginiz (genitive neuter singular weak)
bēganǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
bēgini (dative masculine singular weak)
bēgammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
bēgōni (dative feminine singular weak)
bēgōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
bēgini (dative neuter singular weak)
bēgammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
bēginē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
bēgammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
bēgōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
bēgōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
bēginē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
bēgammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

Old Norse: bágr

Icelandic: bágur

Norwegian Bokmål: båg

→? Proto-Finnic: *paha

From *bēganą (“to fight, argue, quarrel”).


blōstmô

blōstmô (nominative singular)
blōstmaniz (nominative plural)
blōstmô (singular vocative)
blōstmaniz (plural vocative)
blōstmanų (accusative singular)
blōstmanunz (accusative plural)
blōstminiz (genitive singular)
blōstmanǫ̂ (genitive plural)
blōstmini (dative singular)
blōstmammaz (dative plural)
blōstminē (instrumental singular)
blōstmammiz (instrumental plural)

Old English: blōstma, blōsma, blōstm

Middle English: blosme

English: blossom

Scots: blossom

Old Frisian: *blōsma

West Frisian: blossem

Old Saxon: *blōsmo

Middle Low German: blossem, blosem

Low German: Blossen

Old Dutch: *bluostmo

Middle Dutch: bloeseme, bloesem, bloesene

Dutch: bloesem

Afrikaans: bloesem

desctree

>? Old Norse: blómstr
Icelandic: blómstur
Norwegian:
Norwegian Bokmål: blomster
Norwegian Nynorsk: blomster
Old Swedish: blomster, blø̄mster
Swedish: blomster
Danish: blomst c
Norwegian Bokmål: blomst

Related to *blōstaz and possibly *blōmô.


hōrōną

hōrō (active first-person indicative singular)
hōrǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
hōrōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
hōrōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
hōrōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
hōrō (active imperative second-person singular)
hōrōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
hōrōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
hōrōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
hōrō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
hōrōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
hōrōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
hōrōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
hōrōs (active dual first-person indicative)
hōrōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
hōrōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
hōrōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
hōrōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
hōrōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
hōrōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
hōrōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
hōrōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
hōrōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
hōrōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
hōrōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
hōrōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
hōrōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
hōrōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
hōrōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
hōrōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
hōrōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
hōrōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
hōrōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
hōrōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
hōrōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
hōrōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
hōrōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
hōrōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
hōrōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
hōrōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
hōrōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
hōrōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
hōrōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
hōrōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
hōrōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
hōrōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
hōrōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
hōrōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
hōrōndz (active participle present)
hōrōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Old Saxon: horian

Old High German: huorōn

Middle High German: huoren

German: huren

Old Norse: hóra

Icelandic: hóra


hamalōną

hamalō (active first-person indicative singular)
hamalǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
hamalōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
hamalōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
hamalōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
hamalō (active imperative second-person singular)
hamalōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
hamalōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
hamalōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
hamalō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
hamalōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
hamalōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
hamalōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
hamalōs (active dual first-person indicative)
hamalōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
hamalōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
hamalōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
hamalōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
hamalōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
hamalōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
hamalōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
hamalōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
hamalōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
hamalōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
hamalōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
hamalōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
hamalōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
hamalōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
hamalōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
hamalōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
hamalōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
hamalōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
hamalōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
hamalōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
hamalōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
hamalōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
hamalōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
hamalōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
hamalōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
hamalōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
hamalōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
hamalōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
hamalōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
hamalōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
hamalōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
hamalōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
hamalōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
hamalōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
hamalōndz (active participle present)
hamalōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *hamalōn
Old English: hamelian
Old Frisian: homelia
Old High German: hamalōn
Middle High German: hamelen, hemelen
German: hammeln, hämmeln (obsolete)

Old Norse: hamla

Icelandic: hamla


hamalaz

*hamalaz (a-stem)

hamalaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
hamalai (masculine nominative plural strong)
hamalō (feminine nominative singular strong)
hamalôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
hamalą (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
hamalō (neuter nominative plural strong)
hamalanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
hamalanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
hamalǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
hamalōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
hamalą (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
hamalō (accusative neuter plural strong)
hamalas (genitive masculine singular strong)
-is (genitive masculine singular strong)
hamalaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
hamalaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
hamalaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
hamalas (genitive neuter singular strong)
-is (genitive neuter singular strong)
hamalaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
hamalammai (dative masculine singular strong)
hamalaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
hamalaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
hamalaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
hamalammai (dative neuter singular strong)
hamalaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
hamalanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
hamalaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
hamalaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
hamalaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
hamalanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
hamalaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
hamalô (masculine nominative singular weak)
hamalaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
hamalǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
hamalōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
hamalô (neuter nominative singular weak)
hamalōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
hamalanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
hamalanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
hamalōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
hamalōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
hamalô (accusative neuter singular weak)
hamalōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
hamaliniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
hamalanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
hamalōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
hamalōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
hamaliniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
hamalanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
hamalini (dative masculine singular weak)
hamalammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
hamalōni (dative feminine singular weak)
hamalōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
hamalini (dative neuter singular weak)
hamalammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
hamalinē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
hamalammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
hamalōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
hamalōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
hamalinē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
hamalammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

Old Dutch: *hamal

Middle Dutch: hamel

Dutch: hamel

Afrikaans: hamel

Old High German: hamal

Middle High German: hamel

German: Hammel

→ Proto-Samic: *āmēlē (see there for further descendants)

→? Proto-Finnic: *kamala

Finnish: kamala

From Proto-Indo-European *ḱom-olo-, From *ḱem-. Cognate Sanskrit शम (śama, “hornless”), Proto-Slavic *komolъ (“hornless”) (> Russian комо́лый (komólyj)).


fullą

fullą (nominative singular)
fullō (nominative plural)
fullą (singular vocative)
fullō (plural vocative)
fullą (accusative singular)
fullō (accusative plural)
fullas (genitive singular)
fullis (genitive singular)
fullǫ̂ (genitive plural)
fullai (dative singular)
fullamaz (dative plural)
fullō (instrumental singular)
fullamiz (instrumental plural)

Old English: full

Old Saxon: full

Old Norse: full (“goblet”)

Icelandic: full

From Proto-Indo-European *pl̥-nó- from *pēl(w)- (“a kind of vessel”).


fuþiz

fuþiz (nominative singular)
fuþīz (nominative plural)
fuþi (singular vocative)
fuþīz (plural vocative)
fuþį (accusative singular)
fuþinz (accusative plural)
fuþīz (genitive singular)
fuþjǫ̂ (genitive plural)
fuþī (dative singular)
fuþimaz (dative plural)
fuþī (instrumental singular)
fuþimiz (instrumental plural)

Proto-West Germanic: *futi
Old Saxon: *fut
Middle Low German: vut, vot, fut
→ Dutch: vot
→ Middle High German: vut, fut
Central Franconian: Fott
German: Fut

Old Norse: fuð
Icelandic: fuð
Norwegian: fud
Scots: fud

Possibly rebuilt from an-stem *feuþô ~ *futtaz, from pre-Proto-Germanic *péut-ō ~ *put-nós, from Proto-Indo-European *pewt-, cognate with Latin pūtos (“penis”).


waldō

waldō (nominative singular)
waldôz (nominative plural)
waldō (singular vocative)
waldôz (plural vocative)
waldǭ (accusative singular)
waldōz (accusative plural)
waldōz (genitive singular)
waldǫ̂ (genitive plural)
waldōi (dative singular)
waldōmaz (dative plural)
waldō (instrumental singular)
waldōmiz (instrumental plural)

Old English:

Middle English: wēld, wolde

English: weld

Frankish: *walda

Old Dutch: *walda

Middle Dutch: wolde, woulde

Dutch: wouw

→ German: Wau

→ French: gaude

→ Spanish: gualda

Unknown. The Germanic word *walþuz (“forest”) is mention as having some form of connection. Cognate with Latin lutum.


tilą

tilą (nominative singular)
tilō (nominative plural)
tilą (singular vocative)
tilō (plural vocative)
tilą (accusative singular)
tilō (accusative plural)
tilas (genitive singular)
tilis (genitive singular)
tilǫ̂ (genitive plural)
tilai (dative singular)
tilamaz (dative plural)
tilō (instrumental singular)
tilamiz (instrumental plural)

Old Saxon:

Middle Low German: til (“border, goal”)

Old Dutch:

desc

Middle Dutch: til (“circumstance, case”)

Old High German: zil

Middle High German: zil

desctree

German: Ziel
→ Hungarian: cél
→ Serbo-Croatian: cilj
→ Slovak: cieľ
→ Slovene: cilj

>? Gothic: 𐍄𐌹𐌻 n or m (til) (hapax, ambiguous)

→ Proto-Finnic: *tila

Estonian: tila

Finnish: tila (“room, space”)

From the Proto-Indo-European root *dī- < *deh₂-i-. Related to *tīdiz, *tīmô.

til

unless borrowed from Old Norse; see there for further descendants


þrūþiz

þrūþiz (nominative singular)
þrūþīz (nominative plural)
þrūþi (singular vocative)
þrūþīz (plural vocative)
þrūþį (accusative singular)
þrūþinz (accusative plural)
þrūþīz (genitive singular)
þrūþijǫ̂ (genitive plural)
þrūþī (dative singular)
þrūþimaz (dative plural)
þrūþī (instrumental singular)
þrūþimiz (instrumental plural)

Proto-West Germanic: *þrūþi
Old English: þrȳþ
Middle English: thrith, thirth

Old Norse: þrúðr, Þrúðr

⇒ Old Norse: þrúðhamarr

⇒ Old Norse: Þrúðvangr

Icelandic: Þrúðr

From *þrewwaną (“to grow, to thrive”) + *-þiz.


sipōną

sipō (active first-person indicative singular)
sipǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
sipōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
sipōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
sipōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
sipō (active imperative second-person singular)
sipōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
sipōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
sipōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
sipō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
sipōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
sipōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
sipōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
sipōs (active dual first-person indicative)
sipōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
sipōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
sipōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
sipōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
sipōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
sipōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
sipōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
sipōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
sipōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
sipōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
sipōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
sipōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
sipōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
sipōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
sipōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
sipōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
sipōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
sipōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
sipōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
sipōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
sipōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
sipōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
sipōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
sipōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
sipōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
sipōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
sipōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
sipōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
sipōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
sipōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
sipōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
sipōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
sipōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
sipōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
sipōndz (active participle present)
sipōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Old English: sipian, sypian

>? Middle English: sippen

English: sip

Scots: sip

Old Saxon: *sipōn

Middle Low German: sipen, sypen

German Low German: sipen, sippen

Old High German: *sipfōn, *siffōn

Middle High German: siffen

From Proto-Indo-European *seyb- (“to pour, leak, trickle”).


fraiwijaz

fraiwijaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
fraiwijai (masculine nominative plural strong)
fraiwijō (feminine nominative singular strong)
fraiwijôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
fraiwiją (neuter nominative singular strong)
-at (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
fraiwijō (neuter nominative plural strong)
fraiwijanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
fraiwijanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
fraiwijǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
fraiwijōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
fraiwiją (accusative neuter singular strong)
-at (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
fraiwijō (accusative neuter plural strong)
fraiwijas (genitive masculine singular strong)
fraiwīs (genitive masculine singular strong)
fraiwijaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
fraiwijaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
fraiwijaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
fraiwijas (genitive neuter singular strong)
fraiwīs (genitive neuter singular strong)
fraiwijaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
fraiwijammai (dative masculine singular strong)
fraiwijaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
fraiwijaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
fraiwijaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
fraiwijammai (dative neuter singular strong)
fraiwijaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
fraiwijanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
fraiwijaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
fraiwijaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
fraiwijaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
fraiwijanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
fraiwijaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
fraiwijô (masculine nominative singular weak)
fraiwijaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
fraiwijǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
fraiwijōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
fraiwijô (neuter nominative singular weak)
fraiwijōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
fraiwijanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
fraiwijanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
fraiwijōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
fraiwijōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
fraiwijô (accusative neuter singular weak)
fraiwijōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
fraiwīniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
fraiwijanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
fraiwijōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
fraiwijōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
fraiwīniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
fraiwijanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
fraiwīni (dative masculine singular weak)
fraiwijammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
fraiwijōni (dative feminine singular weak)
fraiwijōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
fraiwīni (dative neuter singular weak)
fraiwijammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
fraiwīnē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
fraiwijammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
fraiwijōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
fraiwijōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
fraiwīnē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
fraiwijammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

desctree

Old Norse: frjór, frjár, frær
Icelandic: frjór
Norwegian Nynorsk: fræv


draupijaną

draupijō (active first-person indicative singular)
draupijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
draupijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
draupīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
draupijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
draupī (active imperative second-person singular)
draupijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
draupijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
draupīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
draupijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
draupijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
draupijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
draupijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
draupijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
draupijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
draupijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
draupijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
draupijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
draupijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
draupijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
draupijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
draupijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
draupīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
draupijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
draupīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
draupijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
draupijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
draupijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
draupijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
draupijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
draupijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
draupijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
draupidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
draupidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
draupidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
draupidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
draupidē (active indicative singular third-person)
draupidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
draupidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
draupidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
draupidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
draupidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
draupidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
draupidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
draupidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
draupidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
draupidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
draupidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
draupijandz (active participle present)
draupidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *draupijan
Old English: drīepan
Middle English: drīpen, drippen
English: drip
Old High German: troufen
Middle High German: troufen, trōufen

Old Norse: dreypa

Icelandic: dreypa

Faroese: droypa

Norwegian Nynorsk: drøypa

Swedish: dröpa


þrawjaną

þrawjō (active first-person indicative singular)
þrawjaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
þrawjai (first-person indicative passive singular)
þrawisi (active indicative second-person singular)
þrawjais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
þrawi (active imperative second-person singular)
þrawjasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
þrawjaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
þrawiþi (active indicative singular third-person)
þrawjai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
þrawjaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
þrawjaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
þrawjaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
þrawjōs (active dual first-person indicative)
þrawjaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
þrawjaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
þrawjaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
þrawjaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
þrawjamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
þrawjaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
þrawjanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
þrawjainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
þrawiþ (active indicative plural second-person)
þrawjaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
þrawiþ (active imperative plural second-person)
þrawjanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
þrawjainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
þrawjanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
þrawjain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
þrawjanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
þrawjanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
þrawjainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
þrawidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
þrawidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
þrawidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
þrawidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
þrawidē (active indicative singular third-person)
þrawidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
þrawidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
þrawidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
þrawidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
þrawidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
þrawidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
þrawidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
þrawidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
þrawidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
þrawidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
þrawidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
þrawjandz (active participle present)
þrawidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *þrauwjan
Old English: þrēaġan
Old High German: drouwen, drōwen, drōen
Middle High German: drewen, dröuwen
German: dräuen

Old Norse: þreyja
Icelandic: þreyja

From *þrawō (“suffering, longing”) + *-janą.


þrautijaną

þrautijō (active first-person indicative singular)
þrautijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
þrautijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
þrautīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
þrautijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
þrautī (active imperative second-person singular)
þrautijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
þrautijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
þrautīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
þrautijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
þrautijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
þrautijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
þrautijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
þrautijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
þrautijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
þrautijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
þrautijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
þrautijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
þrautijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
þrautijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
þrautijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
þrautijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
þrautīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
þrautijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
þrautīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
þrautijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
þrautijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
þrautijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
þrautijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
þrautijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
þrautijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
þrautijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
þrautidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
þrautidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
þrautidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
þrautidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
þrautidē (active indicative singular third-person)
þrautidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
þrautidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
þrautidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
þrautidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
þrautidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
þrautidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
þrautidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
þrautidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
þrautidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
þrautidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
þrautidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
þrautijandz (active participle present)
þrautidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Old Norse: þreyta

Icelandic: þreyta

Faroese: troyta

⇒ Old Norse: þreyttr (“tired”)
Icelandic: þreyttur
Faroese: troyttur
Norwegian:
Norwegian Bokmål: trøtt
Norwegian Nynorsk: trøytt
Old Swedish: þrötter, throtter
Swedish: trött, trott (dated)
Old Danish: thræt
Danish: træt
→ Norwegian Bokmål: trett

From *þreutaną (“to harass, weary”) + *-janą.


þrawō

þrawō (nominative singular)
þrawôz (nominative plural)
þrawō (singular vocative)
þrawôz (plural vocative)
þrawǭ (accusative singular)
þrawōz (accusative plural)
þrawōz (genitive singular)
þrawǫ̂ (genitive plural)
þrawōi (dative singular)
þrawōmaz (dative plural)
þrawō (instrumental singular)
þrawōmiz (instrumental plural)

Proto-West Germanic: *þrau
Old English: þrēa
English: throw, throe
Old Saxon: *thrā
Old Saxon: thrāwerk (“pain”)
Old High German: drawa, drowa, drōa
Middle High German: drowe, drouwe, drō

Old Norse: þrá, þrǫ́
Icelandic: þrá
Faroese: trá
Norn: trå
Norwegian Nynorsk: trå
Norwegian Bokmål: trå
Old Swedish: þrā, thrā
Swedish: trå, åtrå
Old Danish: thraa, attraa
Danish: attrå
Norwegian Bokmål: attrå
→ Norwegian Nynorsk: attrå

From Proto-Indo-European *trouH-eh₂, from *trewh₁-.


wraihaz

*wraihaz (a-stem)

wraihaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
wraihai (masculine nominative plural strong)
wraihō (feminine nominative singular strong)
wraihôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
wraihą (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
wraihō (neuter nominative plural strong)
wraihanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
wraihanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
wraihǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
wraihōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
wraihą (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
wraihō (accusative neuter plural strong)
wraihas (genitive masculine singular strong)
-is (genitive masculine singular strong)
wraihaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
wraihaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
wraihaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
wraihas (genitive neuter singular strong)
-is (genitive neuter singular strong)
wraihaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
wraihammai (dative masculine singular strong)
wraihaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
wraihaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
wraihaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
wraihammai (dative neuter singular strong)
wraihaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
wraihanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
wraihaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
wraihaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
wraihaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
wraihanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
wraihaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
wraihô (masculine nominative singular weak)
wraihaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
wraihǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
wraihōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
wraihô (neuter nominative singular weak)
wraihōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
wraihanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
wraihanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
wraihōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
wraihōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
wraihô (accusative neuter singular weak)
wraihōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
wraihiniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
wraihanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
wraihōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
wraihōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
wraihiniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
wraihanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
wraihini (dative masculine singular weak)
wraihammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
wraihōni (dative feminine singular weak)
wraihōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
wraihini (dative neuter singular weak)
wraihammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
wraihinē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
wraihammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
wraihōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
wraihōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
wraihinē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
wraihammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

Old English: *wrāh

Middle English: wraw

Old Frisian: wrāk

Old Norse:

Swedish: vrå (dialectal)

From Proto-Indo-European *wróyḱ-o-. from *wreyḱ- (“to twist, to bend”).


dreupaną

dreupō (active first-person indicative singular)
dreupaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
dreupai (first-person indicative passive singular)
driupizi (active indicative second-person singular)
dreupaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
dreup (active imperative second-person singular)
dreupazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
dreupaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
driupidi (active indicative singular third-person)
dreupai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
dreupadau (active imperative singular third-person)
dreupadai (indicative passive singular third-person)
dreupaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
dreupōz (active dual first-person indicative)
dreupaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
dreupadiz (active dual indicative second-person)
dreupaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
dreupadiz (active dual imperative second-person)
dreupamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
dreupaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
dreupandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
dreupaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
driupid (active indicative plural second-person)
dreupaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
driupid (active imperative plural second-person)
dreupandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
dreupaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
dreupandi (active indicative plural third-person)
dreupain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
dreupandau (active imperative plural third-person)
dreupandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
dreupaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
draup (active first-person indicative singular)
drupį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
drauft (active indicative second-person singular)
drupīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
draup (active indicative singular third-person)
drupī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
drupū (active dual first-person indicative)
drupīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
drupudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
drupīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
drupum (active first-person indicative plural)
drupīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
drupud (active indicative plural second-person)
drupīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
drupun (active indicative plural third-person)
drupīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
dreupandz (active participle present)
drupanaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *dreupan
Old English: drēopan
Middle English: drepen, drepe
Scots: dreep
→ English: dreep
Old Frisian: driāpa
⇒ Saterland Frisian: drjupe
⇒ West Frisian: drippe, dripje
Old Saxon: driopan
Middle Low German: drêpen
Old Dutch: driopan, driepan
Middle Dutch: drupen
Dutch: druipen
Afrikaans: druip
Old High German: triofan
Middle High German: triefen
German: triefen
Yiddish: טריפֿן (trifn)

Old Norse: drjúpa
Icelandic: drjúpa
Norwegian Nynorsk: drypa, drype
Swedish: drypa

desc

→? Proto-Finnic: *rüüp'ät'äk (“to sip, drink”) (see there for further descendants)

Back-formation from the iterative *druppōną, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰrbʰ-néh₂-, from *dʰrbʰ-. Also compare *drupô (“a drop”).


mōþijaną

mōþijō (active first-person indicative singular)
mōþijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
mōþijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
mōþīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
mōþijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
mōþī (active imperative second-person singular)
mōþijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
mōþijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
mōþīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
mōþijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
mōþijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
mōþijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
mōþijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
mōþijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
mōþijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
mōþijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
mōþijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
mōþijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
mōþijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
mōþijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
mōþijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
mōþijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
mōþīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
mōþijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
mōþīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
mōþijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
mōþijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
mōþijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
mōþijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
mōþijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
mōþijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
mōþijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
mōþidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
mōþidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
mōþidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
mōþidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
mōþidē (active indicative singular third-person)
mōþidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
mōþidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
mōþidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
mōþidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
mōþidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
mōþidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
mōþidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
mōþidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
mōþidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
mōþidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
mōþidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
mōþijandz (active participle present)
mōþidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *mōþijan

Old Saxon: *mōthian, *mōthōn

Middle Low German: mö̂den

Old Dutch: muothen

Middle Dutch: moeden, mueden, muden

Old High German: *muoden

⇒ Old High German: unmuodento (adverb)

desctree

Old Norse: mǿða, mœða
Faroese: møða
Icelandic: mæða
Norwegian Nynorsk: møda
Old Swedish: mø̄þa
Swedish: möda
Old Danish: møthæ
Danish: møde


dritą

dritą (nominative singular)
dritō (nominative plural)
dritą (singular vocative)
dritō (plural vocative)
dritą (accusative singular)
dritō (accusative plural)
dritas (genitive singular)
dritis (genitive singular)
dritǫ̂ (genitive plural)
dritai (dative singular)
dritamaz (dative plural)
dritō (instrumental singular)
dritamiz (instrumental plural)

Old English: drit

Middle English: drit

English: dirt

→ Zulu: udoti

Old High German:

Middle High German:

German: Driss (colloquial, regional, Rhineland)

Old Norse: drit

Icelandic: drit

Norwegian Nynorsk: drit

Norwegian Bokmål: dritt

Swedish: dret


wrīhô

wrīhô (nominative singular)
wrīhaniz (nominative plural)
wrīhô (singular vocative)
wrīhaniz (plural vocative)
wrīhanų (accusative singular)
wrīhanunz (accusative plural)
wrīhiniz (genitive singular)
wrīhanǫ̂ (genitive plural)
wrīhini (dative singular)
wrīhammaz (dative plural)
wrīhinē (instrumental singular)
wrīhammiz (instrumental plural)

Old Dutch:

Middle Dutch: wrijghe, wrijch, wrijf

Dutch: wreef

Old High German: rīho

Middle High German:

German: Reihen

From Proto-Indo-European *wréyḱ-on-. from *wreyḱ- (“to twist, to bend”).


drōbijaną

drōbijō (active first-person indicative singular)
drōbijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
drōbijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
drōbīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
drōbijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
drōbī (active imperative second-person singular)
drōbijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
drōbijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
drōbīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
drōbijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
drōbijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
drōbijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
drōbijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
drōbijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
drōbijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
drōbijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
drōbijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
drōbijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
drōbijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
drōbijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
drōbijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
drōbijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
drōbīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
drōbijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
drōbīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
drōbijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
drōbijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
drōbijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
drōbijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
drōbijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
drōbijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
drōbijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
drōbidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
drōbidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
drōbidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
drōbidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
drōbidē (active indicative singular third-person)
drōbidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
drōbidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
drōbidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
drōbidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
drōbidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
drōbidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
drōbidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
drōbidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
drōbidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
drōbidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
drōbidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
drōbijandz (active participle present)
drōbidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *drōbijan
Old English: drēfan
Middle English: dreven
English: dreve
Old Saxon: drōvian
Middle Low German: drōven
⇒ Middle Low German: bedrōven
→ Swedish: bedröva
→ Danish: bedrøve
Old Dutch: druoven
Middle Dutch: droeven
Dutch: droeven
Limburgish: dreuve, druueve
Old High German: truoben
Middle High German: trüeben
German: trüben

Gothic: 𐌳𐍂𐍉𐌱𐌾𐌰𐌽 (drōbjan)

From *drōbuz (“turbid, troubled”) + *-janą.


trūwāną

trūwō (active first-person indicative singular)
trūwaisi (active indicative second-person singular)
trūwai (active imperative second-person singular)
trūwāsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
trūwaiþi (active indicative singular third-person)
trūwāþau (active imperative singular third-person)
trūwāþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
trūwōs (active dual first-person indicative)
trūwāþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
trūwāþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
trūwāmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
trūwānþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
trūwaiþ (active indicative plural second-person)
trūwaiþ (active imperative plural second-person)
trūwānþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
trūwānþi (active indicative plural third-person)
trūwānþau (active imperative plural third-person)
trūwānþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
trūwadǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
trūwadēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
trūwadēz (active indicative second-person singular)
trūwadēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
trūwadē (active indicative singular third-person)
trūwadēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
trūwadēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
trūwadēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
trūwadēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
trūwadēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
trūwadēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
trūwadēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
trūwadēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
trūwadēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
trūwadēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
trūwadēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
trūwāndz (active participle present)
trūwadaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *trūwēn
Old English: trūwian
English: trow
Old Frisian: trōwia, trouwia
West Frisian: trouwe, trouje
Old Dutch: *trūwon
Middle Dutch: truwen, trouwen
Dutch: trouwen
⇒ Old Dutch: gitrūwon
Old Saxon: *trūwōn
Middle Low German: trûwen, trouwen
Old High German: trūwēn
Middle High German: truwen, trūen
German: trauen

Old Norse: trúa
Icelandic: trúa
Faroese: trúgva
Norwegian Bokmål: tro, tru
Norwegian Nynorsk: tru
Danish: tro
Swedish: tro

Gothic: 𐍄𐍂𐌰𐌿𐌰𐌽 (trauan)


draumijaną

draumijō (active first-person indicative singular)
draumijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
draumijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
draumīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
draumijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
draumī (active imperative second-person singular)
draumijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
draumijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
draumīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
draumijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
draumijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
draumijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
draumijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
draumijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
draumijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
draumijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
draumijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
draumijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
draumijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
draumijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
draumijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
draumijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
draumīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
draumijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
draumīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
draumijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
draumijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
draumijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
draumijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
draumijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
draumijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
draumijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
draumidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
draumidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
draumidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
draumidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
draumidē (active indicative singular third-person)
draumidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
draumidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
draumidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
draumidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
draumidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
draumidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
draumidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
draumidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
draumidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
draumidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
draumidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
draumijandz (active participle present)
draumidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *draumijan
Old English: drīeman, drēman, drȳman
Middle English: dremen, dreme, dreomen, dreamen (Early Middle English)
English: dream
Old Frisian:
Saterland Frisian: dreme, drööme
West Frisian: dreame
Old Saxon: *drōmen
Middle Low German: drö̂men
Low German: drömen
Old Dutch: *drōmen
Middle Dutch: drômen
Dutch: dromen
Limburgish: druime, droume
Old High German: troumen, (Central German) *droumen
Middle High German: troumen, tröumen, dröumen
Bavarian: trama
Cimbrian: tröoman, truamen
Central Franconian: drööme, dreeme
Luxembourgish: dreemen
German: träumen
Yiddish: טרוימען (troymen)

Old Norse: dreyma

Icelandic: dreyma

Faroese: droyma

Norwegian Nynorsk: drøyma

Swedish: drömma

Danish: drømme

Norwegian Bokmål: drømme