krakōną

krakō (active first-person indicative singular)
krakǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
krakōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
krakōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
krakōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
krakō (active imperative second-person singular)
krakōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
krakōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
krakōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
krakō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
krakōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
krakōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
krakōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
krakōs (active dual first-person indicative)
krakōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
krakōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
krakōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
krakōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
krakōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
krakōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
krakōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
krakōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
krakōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
krakōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
krakōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
krakōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
krakōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
krakōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
krakōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
krakōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
krakōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
krakōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
krakōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
krakōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
krakōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
krakōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
krakōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
krakōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
krakōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
krakōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
krakōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
krakōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
krakōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
krakōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
krakōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
krakōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
krakōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
krakōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
krakōndz (active participle present)
krakōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *krakōn

Old English: cracian, ċearcian

Middle English: craken, crakken; charken, cherkin

Scots: crak, crack, craik; jarg, chirk, girgand, chork

English: crake, crack; chark

Old Frisian: *krakja

Saterland Frisian: kroakje

West Frisian: kreakje

Old Saxon: *krakōn

Middle Low German: krāken

Low German: kraken

Old Dutch: *krakon

Middle Dutch: craken

Dutch: kraken

Afrikaans: kraak

→ Middle French: craquer

French: craquer

Old High German: krahhōn

Middle High German: krachen

Bavarian: kråcha, kråchn

German: krachen

Hunsrik: krache

Luxembourgish: kraachen

From Proto-Indo-European *gerg-, *grā- (“to crow, shout”), from Proto-Indo-European *gerh₂- (“to make a sound, cry hoarsely”), ultimately of onomatopoeic origin. Cognate with Lithuanian girgždėti (“to creak, squeak”).

onomatopoeic

onomatopoeic

cog

(West Germanic) to crack; crackle; shriek


nataz

*nataz (a-stem)

nataz (masculine nominative singular strong)
natai (masculine nominative plural strong)
natō (feminine nominative singular strong)
natôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
natą (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
natō (neuter nominative plural strong)
natanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
natanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
natǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
natōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
natą (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
natō (accusative neuter plural strong)
natas (genitive masculine singular strong)
-is (genitive masculine singular strong)
nataizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
nataizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
nataizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
natas (genitive neuter singular strong)
-is (genitive neuter singular strong)
nataizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
natammai (dative masculine singular strong)
nataimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
nataizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
nataimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
natammai (dative neuter singular strong)
nataimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
natanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
nataimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
nataizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
nataimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
natanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
nataimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
natô (masculine nominative singular weak)
nataniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
natǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
natōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
natô (neuter nominative singular weak)
natōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
natanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
natanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
natōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
natōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
natô (accusative neuter singular weak)
natōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
natiniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
natanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
natōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
natōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
natiniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
natanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
natini (dative masculine singular weak)
natammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
natōni (dative feminine singular weak)
natōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
natini (dative neuter singular weak)
natammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
natinē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
natammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
natōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
natōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
natinē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
natammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *nat
Old Saxon: *nat
Middle Low German: nat
German Low German: natt
Old Dutch: nat
Middle Dutch: nat
Dutch: nat
Afrikaans: nat
Limburgish: naat
Old High German: naz
Middle High German: naz
German: nass
Luxembourgish: naass
Vilamovian: noss
Yiddish: נאַס (nas)

Old Norse: Nǫt, Nöt (river name)

Gothic: *𐌽𐌰𐍄𐍃 (*nats) (in derivatives)

From Proto-Indo-European *ned- (“wet”). Cognate with Ancient Greek νοτερός (noterós, “damp, wet, humid”), Welsh nodd (“wetness, humidity, sap”).


wimpilaz

wimpilaz (nominative singular)
wimpilōz (nominative plural)
wimpilōs (nominative plural)
wimpil (singular vocative)
wimpilōz (plural vocative)
wimpilōs (plural vocative)
wimpilą (accusative singular)
wimpilanz (accusative plural)
wimpilas (genitive singular)
wimpilis (genitive singular)
wimpilǫ̂ (genitive plural)
wimpilai (dative singular)
wimpilamaz (dative plural)
wimpilō (instrumental singular)
wimpilamiz (instrumental plural)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *wimpil
Old English: wimpel, winpel
Middle English: wympel, wimpel, wympil, wimpul
English: wimple
Scots: wympill, wempill, wompyll, wimple
Old Frisian: wimpel
Saterland Frisian: Wimpel
West Frisian: wimpel
Old Saxon: wimpal
Middle Low German: wimpel, wumpel
German Low German: Wimpel
Old Dutch: *wimpil
Middle Dutch: wimpel, wumpel
Dutch: wimpel
Afrikaans: wimpel
Old High German: wimpfal, wimpal
Middle High German: wimpel
German: Wimpel
→ Russian: вы́мпел (výmpel)
→ Old French: guimple, gimple (see there for further descendants)

Old Norse: vimpill

Icelandic: vimpill

Norwegian: vimpel

Swedish: vimpel

Danish: vimpel


īhwaz

īhwaz (nominative singular)
īhwōz (nominative plural)
īhwōs (nominative plural)
īhw (singular vocative)
īhwōz (plural vocative)
īhwōs (plural vocative)
īhwą (accusative singular)
īhwanz (accusative plural)
īhwas (genitive singular)
īhwis (genitive singular)
īhwǫ̂ (genitive plural)
īhwai (dative singular)
īhwamaz (dative plural)
īhwō (instrumental singular)
īhwamiz (instrumental plural)

Proto-West Germanic: *īhu
Old English: īw, ēow, ēoh
Middle English: ew, u, iw, iv, eev, hw, ewe
English: yew
Scots: yew, ewe
Yola: yew
Old Saxon: īh, īch
Middle Low German: îve, yue, iwe
German Low German: Iev
Old Dutch: *īwa
Middle Dutch: ieve, ijf (possibly a reborrowing from Latin or Romance)
Dutch: ijf
Old High German: īwa, eiba, īgo, īga, īha f
Middle High German: īwe, ībe
Alemannic German: Iche, Ige
Cimbrian: aiba
German: Eibe
Yiddish: אייבנבוים (eybnboym)
→ Late Latin: ivus, *iva
Spanish: iva
Old French: if
Middle French: if
French: if
Norman: if

Old Norse: ýr

Icelandic: ýr

Swedish: idegran

From Proto-Indo-European *h₁eyHw- (“yew”), with probably intrusive *-gw-/-hw- from *-w-. Cognate with Proto-Celtic *iwos, *īwos.


brōduz

brōduz (nominative singular)
brōdiwiz (nominative plural)
brōdu (singular vocative)
brōdiwiz (plural vocative)
brōdų (accusative singular)
brōdunz (accusative plural)
brōdauz (genitive singular)
brōdiwǫ̂ (genitive plural)
brōdiwi (dative singular)
brōdumaz (dative plural)
brōdū (instrumental singular)
brōdumiz (instrumental plural)

Old English: brōd

Middle English: brod, brood

English: brood

Scots: brude, brod, brodd, brode

Old Frisian: *brōd

Saterland Frisian: Broud

West Frisian: broed

Old Saxon: *brōd

Middle Low German: brôt

(German Low German: Bröddsel)

Old Dutch: *bruot

Middle Dutch: broet

Dutch: broed

Old High German: bruot, pruot

Middle High German: bruot, pruot

German: Brut

From Pre-Germanic *bʰroh₁tús, a tu-stem derived from *brōaną (“to warm, brew”).


flōduz

flōduz (nominative singular)
flōdiwiz (nominative plural)
flōdu (singular vocative)
flōdiwiz (plural vocative)
flōdų (accusative singular)
flōdunz (accusative plural)
flōdauz (genitive singular)
flōdiwǫ̂ (genitive plural)
flōdiwi (dative singular)
flōdumaz (dative plural)
flōdū (instrumental singular)
flōdumiz (instrumental plural)

Proto-West Germanic: *flōdu
Old English: flōd, ᚠᛚᚩᛞᚢ (flódu) — Runic
Middle English: flod, flood, floode, flode, flowt, fflood, fflode, vlode
English: flood
Scots: fluid, flude
→ Anglo-Latin: flōdus [13th c.] (England)
Old Frisian: flōd
North Frisian: floth
Saterland Frisian: Floud
West Frisian: floed
Old Saxon: flōd
Middle Low German: vlôt
German Low German: Flood
Old Dutch: fluod
Middle Dutch: vloet
Dutch: vloed
Afrikaans: vloed
Berbice Creole Dutch: flutu
Javindo: floed
Limburgish: vlood
Old High German: fluot
Middle High German: vluot
Cimbrian: fluut
German: Flut
→ Vulgar Latin: *flōtus (see there for further descendants)

Old Norse: flóð n

Icelandic: flóð

Faroese: flóð

Norwegian: flod

Old Swedish: flōþ

Swedish: flod

Old Danish: floth

Danish: flod

Gothic: 𐍆𐌻𐍉𐌳𐌿𐍃 (flōdus)

→ Proto-Finnic: *loodëh (see there for further descendants)

From Proto-Indo-European *pléh₃tus (“overflow, deluge”), from the root *pleh₃(w)- (“to flow, run”).


traustą

traustą (nominative singular)
traustō (nominative plural)
traustą (singular vocative)
traustō (plural vocative)
traustą (accusative singular)
traustō (accusative plural)
traustas (genitive singular)
traustis (genitive singular)
traustǫ̂ (genitive plural)
traustai (dative singular)
traustamaz (dative plural)
traustō (instrumental singular)
traustamiz (instrumental plural)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *traust m
Old English: *trēast
Middle English: trest, tryst, trist, treyst, trayste (through confluence with Old Norse verb treysta)
Scots: trest, traist
English: tryst
Old Frisian: trāst
North Frisian: trast
Saterland Frisian: Traast
West Frisian: treast
Old Saxon: trōst; gitrōst
Middle Low German: trôst
German Low German: Troost
Old Dutch: trōst
Middle Dutch: trôost
Dutch: troost
Afrikaans: troos
Old High German: trōst
Middle High German: trōst
German: Trost
Hunsrik: Troost
Luxembourgish: Trouscht
→ Medieval Latin: trustis (see there for further descendants)

Old Norse: traust

Icelandic: traust

Norwegian: trøst; trøyste (dialectal)

Old Swedish: trøst

Swedish: tröst

Danish: trøst

→ Middle English: trost, trust

Scots: trust

English: trust

→ French: trust

→ Vietnamese: tơ-rớt

→ Spanish: trust

→ Medieval Latin: trustus

Gothic: 𐍄𐍂𐌰𐌿𐍃𐍄𐌹 (trausti)

From *traustaz (“firm, strong”), from Proto-Indo-European *deru-, *drew-, *drū- (“to be firm, hard, solid; tree”).


sahtiz

sahtiz (nominative singular)
sahtīz (nominative plural)
sahti (singular vocative)
sahtīz (plural vocative)
sahtį (accusative singular)
sahtinz (accusative plural)
sahtīz (genitive singular)
sahtijǫ̂ (genitive plural)
sahtī (dative singular)
sahtimaz (dative plural)
sahtī (instrumental singular)
sahtimiz (instrumental plural)

Old English: seht, sæht, seaht, saht

desc

Middle English: sæhte, seihte, saȝt, saght, sahte, saughte

Scots: saucht

English: saught

Old Norse: sátt, sætt

Icelandic: sátt, sætt

Faroese: sátt, sætt

Old Swedish: sāt, sǣt

Gothic: *𐍃𐌰𐌷𐍄𐍃 (*sahts)

⇒ Gothic: 𐌲𐌰𐍃𐌰𐌷𐍄𐍃 (gasahts)

A functional zero-grade ti-stem derived from *sakaną, from Proto-Indo-European *seh₂g- (“to follow after, pursue, track, seek”).


darōþuz

darōþuz (nominative singular)
darōþiwiz (nominative plural)
darōþu (singular vocative)
darōþiwiz (plural vocative)
darōþų (accusative singular)
darōþunz (accusative plural)
darōþauz (genitive singular)
darōþiwǫ̂ (genitive plural)
darōþiwi (dative singular)
darōþumaz (dative plural)
darōþū (instrumental singular)
darōþumiz (instrumental plural)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *darōþu
Old English: daroþ
Old Dutch: *daroth
Middle Dutch: dāert, dart
Dutch: daart
Old High German: tart
→ Medieval Latin: dardus [768 CE, France] (see there for further descendants)

Old Norse: darraðr

Icelandic: darraður

From *darō (“injury; damage, harm”) + *-ōþuz.


pakkô

pakkô (nominative singular)
pakkaniz (nominative plural)
pakkô (singular vocative)
pakkaniz (plural vocative)
pakkanų (accusative singular)
pakkanunz (accusative plural)
pakkiniz (genitive singular)
pakkanǫ̂ (genitive plural)
pakkini (dative singular)
pakkammaz (dative plural)
pakkinē (instrumental singular)
pakkammiz (instrumental plural)

Proto-West Germanic: *pakkō

Old English: *pacca, *pæcca

Middle English: pakke, packe, pak

English: pack

→ Irish: paca

Scots: pak, pack

Old Frisian: *pakka

Saterland Frisian: Pak, Pakje

West Frisian: pak, pakje

Old Saxon: *pakko

Middle Low German: packe, pak

German Low German: Pack

⇒ Middle Low German: gepak, gepack

German Low German: Gepack

→ Middle High German: pac

German: Pack, Packen

⇒ Middle High German: gepac

German: Gepäck

⇒ Middle High German: backel (“bundle”)

Old Dutch: *pakko, pac

Middle Dutch: pack, pak

Dutch: pak, pakje

→ Italian: pacco

⇒ Middle Dutch: gepac

Dutch: gepak

→ Old French: pacque, pasque; pacquage; pacquet, paquet

Middle French: pacque; pacquage; paquet

French: pacque; pacquage; paquet

→ English: package; packet

→ Dutch: pakket

Old Norse: pakki; pakka (possibly borrowed from Low German)

Icelandic: pakki; pakka

Faroese: pakki

Norwegian: pakke

Old Swedish: pakke

Swedish: packe

Danish: pakke

Unknown. Likely from a pre-Germanic substrate language, due to phonetic irregularities between the root's relatives in other languages, as well as its restriction to western branches of Indo-European. Possibly related to Middle Welsh beich (“load, cargo”), Latin bāiulus (“porter, carrier”) (whence Spanish baga (“load”)) and fascis (“bundle”), Ancient Greek φάκελος (phákelos, “bundle”).


daigijǭ

daigijǭ (nominative singular)
daigijōniz (nominative plural)
daigijǭ (singular vocative)
daigijōniz (plural vocative)
daigijōnų (accusative singular)
daigijōnunz (accusative plural)
daigijōniz (genitive singular)
daigijōnǫ̂ (genitive plural)
daigijōni (dative singular)
daigijōmaz (dative plural)
daigijōnē (instrumental singular)
daigijōmiz (instrumental plural)

Proto-West Germanic: *daigijā

desctree

Old English: dǣġe
Middle English: deye, deie, daie
English: dey
Scots: dey, deigh
⇒ Middle English: dayerye, daerie, deierie, deiȝerie
English: dairy
Scots: dyrie
→ Medieval Latin: dayeria, daeria

Old Norse: deigja

Icelandic: deigja

Norwegian: deigja, deia (in compounds)

Old Swedish: deghia, dighia

Swedish: deja

From Proto-Indo-European *dʰeyǵʰ- (“to knead, form, build”).


kidją

kidją (nominative singular)
kidjō (nominative plural)
kidją (singular vocative)
kidjō (plural vocative)
kidją (accusative singular)
kidjō (accusative plural)
kidjas (genitive singular)
kidis (genitive singular)
kidjǫ̂ (genitive plural)
kidjai (dative singular)
kidjamaz (dative plural)
kidjō (instrumental singular)
kidjamiz (instrumental plural)

Old Norse: kið

Icelandic: kið

Norwegian: kid

Old Swedish: kiþ

Swedish: kid

Danish: kid

→ Middle English: kydde, kide, kid

Scots: kid

English: kid

→ Proto-Samic: *kiccē (see there for further descendants)

Unknown; probably from a substrate language. Compare *gaits.


kittīną

kittīną (nominative singular)
kittīnō (nominative plural)
kittīną (singular vocative)
kittīnō (plural vocative)
kittīną (accusative singular)
kittīnō (accusative plural)
kittīnas (genitive singular)
kittīnis (genitive singular)
kittīnǫ̂ (genitive plural)
kittīnai (dative singular)
kittīnamaz (dative plural)
kittīnō (instrumental singular)
kittīnamiz (instrumental plural)

Proto-West Germanic: *kittīn

desctree

Old English: *ċitten, *ċytten, *ċietten
Middle English: chitte
English: chit
Scots: chit

Old Saxon: *kittīn

Middle Low German: *kitte

Low German: kitte

Old High German: kizzīn, chizzīn; kizzi, chitzi

Middle High German: kitze; kitz

Cimbrian: khitz

German: Kitz

Unknown; from tentative Proto-Indo-European *gidʰ-, *gidʰ-n- (“kid”) or from a substrate language.

(West Germanic) the young of an animal; fawn; kid; whelp


pamp-

Old Frisian: *pampja; *pampelja

Saterland Frisian: ferpäppelje

West Frisian: pampelje

Old Saxon: *pampōn

Middle Low German: pampen; slampampen; pampelen

Low German: pampen

→ Middle English: pampen; pampren, pamperen

English: pamp; pamper

Old Dutch: *pampōn

Middle Dutch: *pampen

Dutch: slampampen; pampelen; pamperen

West Flemish: pamperen

Old High German: *pampfōn

Middle High German: *pampfen

German: pampfen; Pampf (dialectal); pampeln; bamben

Old Norse: *pampa; *pempa; pampi

Norwegian: pampa; pempa

Swedish: pampa; pampen (participle); pimpa

Danish: pampe

Uncertain. Perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *bamb- (“round object”). Compare Lithuanian bamba (“navel, belly button”), Lithuanian bumbulas (“bulge, knob, bulb”), Proto-Slavic *pǫpъ (“bud, navel”).


kwernuz

kwernuz (nominative singular)
kwirniwiz (nominative plural)
kwernu (singular vocative)
kwirniwiz (plural vocative)
kwernų (accusative singular)
kwernunz (accusative plural)
kwernauz (genitive singular)
kwirniwǫ̂ (genitive plural)
kwirniwi (dative singular)
kwernumaz (dative plural)
kwernū (instrumental singular)
kwernumiz (instrumental plural)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *kwernu
Old Saxon: kwern, quern
Middle Low German: quern
Old Dutch: *kwern
Middle Dutch: querne
Dutch: kweern
Old High German: kwirn, quirn, kurn, churn
Middle High German: kurn, kürn

Gothic: *𐌵𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌽𐌿𐍃 (*qairnus) (in 𐌰𐍃𐌹𐌻𐌿𐌵𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌽𐌿𐍃 (asiluqairnus))

From Pre-Germanic *gʷérh₂nus, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷréh₂wō (“heavy stone”), from *gʷréh₂us (“heavy”). Cognate with Sanskrit ग्रावन् (grāvan, “pressing stone”), Lithuanian gìrna (“grindstone, millstone”), Russian жёрнов (žórnov, “grindstone, millstone”), Old Irish bró (“millstone, handmill”).


siniz

siniz (masculine nominative singular strong)
sinjai (masculine nominative plural strong)
sinī (feminine nominative singular strong)
sinjôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
sinį (neuter nominative singular strong)
-jatō (neuter nominative singular strong)
sinjō (neuter nominative plural strong)
sinjanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
sinjanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
sinjǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
sinjōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
sinį (accusative neuter singular strong)
-jatō (accusative neuter singular strong)
sinjō (accusative neuter plural strong)
sinjas (genitive masculine singular strong)
sinis (genitive masculine singular strong)
sinjaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
sinjaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
sinjaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
sinjas (genitive neuter singular strong)
sinis (genitive neuter singular strong)
sinjaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
sinjammai (dative masculine singular strong)
sinjaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
sinjaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
sinjaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
sinjammai (dative neuter singular strong)
sinjaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
sinjanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
sinjaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
sinjaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
sinjaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
sinjanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
sinjaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
sinjô (masculine nominative singular weak)
sinjaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
sinjǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
sinjōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
sinjô (neuter nominative singular weak)
sinjōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
sinjanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
sinjanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
sinjōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
sinjōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
sinjô (accusative neuter singular weak)
sinjōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
sininiz (genitive masculine singular weak)
sinjanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
sinjōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
sinjōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
sininiz (genitive neuter singular weak)
sinjanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
sinini (dative masculine singular weak)
sinjammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
sinjōni (dative feminine singular weak)
sinjōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
sinini (dative neuter singular weak)
sinjammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
sininē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
sinjammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
sinjōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
sinjōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
sininē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
sinjammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

Old English: sine-, sin- (prefix)

Middle English: sin-, sen- (prefix)

English: sengreen (in one compound)

Old Frisian: sin, sin-

Old Saxon: sin, sin-

Old High German: sin-

desc

Middle High German: singrüene, sinhol, sinwel, sintvluot, sintvluz, sintvarwe, sintwāc

German: Sintflut; (archaic) Singrün

Old Norse: sina; sí-

Icelandic: sina

Norwegian: sina (dialectal)

Swedish: sina (dialectal)

Gothic: 𐍃𐌹𐌽𐌴𐌹𐌲𐍃 (sineigs); 𐍃𐌹𐌽𐌹𐍃𐍄𐌰 (sinista); 𐍃𐌹𐌽𐌹𐍃𐌺𐌰𐌻𐌺𐍃 (siniskalks)

From Proto-Indo-European *sénos (“of last year, old”). Cognate with Lithuanian sẽnas (“old, previous, ancient”), Latin senex (“old, aged, advanced in years; old man”).


kwernō

kwernō (nominative singular)
kwernôz (nominative plural)
kwernō (singular vocative)
kwernôz (plural vocative)
kwernǭ (accusative singular)
kwernōz (accusative plural)
kwernōz (genitive singular)
kwernǫ̂ (genitive plural)
kwernōi (dative singular)
kwernōmaz (dative plural)
kwernō (instrumental singular)
kwernōmiz (instrumental plural)

desctree

Old English: cweorn
Middle English: quern, querne, queerne, cwerne, quyerne, quyrne, qwerne, whern, qweryn, qwhern
English: quern, kern, curn, quirn
Scots: querne, quern, queirn, queern
Yola: querne

Old Frisian: quern

North Frisian: quern

Old Saxon: querna; (kwern, quern)

Middle Low German: querne; (quern)

Old Dutch: *kwerna

Middle Dutch: querne, queerne, quaerne

Dutch: kweern

Old High German: chwirna; (kwirn, quirn, kurn, churn)

Middle High German: churne, kürne; (kurn, kürn)

Old Norse: kvern

Icelandic: kvern, kvörn

Faroese: kvørn

Norwegian: kvern

Old Swedish: kværn, kvarn

Swedish: kvarn

Old Danish: kwærn

Danish: kværn

Elfdalian: kwenn

Jamtish: kvæðn

Gutnish: kvänn

Scanian: kværn

→ Proto-Samic:

Northern Sami: giertnas

From earlier *kwernuz, a rare feminine u-stem reanalysed as an ō-stem, in turn from Pre-Germanic *gʷérh₂nus, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷréh₂wō (“heavy stone”), from *gʷréh₂us (“heavy”). Cognate with Lithuanian girna (“grindstone, millstone”), Russian жёрнов (žórnov, “grindstone, millstone”), Old Irish bró (“millstone, handmill”).


swakkuz

swakkuz (nominative singular)
swakkiwiz (nominative plural)
swakku (singular vocative)
swakkiwiz (plural vocative)
swakkų (accusative singular)
swakkunz (accusative plural)
swakkauz (genitive singular)
swakkiwǫ̂ (genitive plural)
swakkiwi (dative singular)
swakkumaz (dative plural)
swakkū (instrumental singular)
swakkumiz (instrumental plural)

Proto-West Germanic: *swakku, *swakkī

Old English: swæcc, swecc; swicc (< *swikkiz); swec (< *swakiz)

Old Saxon: swek (< *swakiz)

Old High German: swekkī, sweckī; swekka, swecka; swekke (plural)

From Proto-Indo-European *swegn-, *swekn- (“odour, smell”), from Proto-Indo-European *sweg-, *swek- (“to smell”).


haulaz

haulaz (nominative singular)
haulōz (nominative plural)
haulōs (nominative plural)
haul (singular vocative)
haulōz (plural vocative)
haulōs (plural vocative)
haulą (accusative singular)
haulanz (accusative plural)
haulas (genitive singular)
haulis (genitive singular)
haulǫ̂ (genitive plural)
haulai (dative singular)
haulamaz (dative plural)
haulō (instrumental singular)
haulamiz (instrumental plural)

Old English: hēala

⇒ Old English: hēalede

Middle English: healide, healyde

Old Frisian: *hāla

⇒ Old Frisian: hāladi

Old Saxon: hōla

⇒ Old Saxon: hōladi, hālodi, haladi

Old High German: hōla

desc

⇒ Old High German: hōloht, hōlaht, hōleht

Middle High German: hōlëht

Old Norse: haull

Icelandic: haull

⇒ Old Norse: haula

Icelandic: haula

From Proto-Indo-European *kh₂ewl-o-s, from *kh₂ewl- (“tumor, rupture, hernia”). Cognate with Proto-Balto-Slavic *kū́ˀlāˀ (> Lithuanian kūlas (“umbilical hernia”), Proto-Slavic *kỳla (“outgrowth, hernia”)).


dulgaz

dulgaz (nominative singular)
dulgōz (nominative plural)
dulgōs (nominative plural)
dulg (singular vocative)
dulgōz (plural vocative)
dulgōs (plural vocative)
dulgą (accusative singular)
dulganz (accusative plural)
dulgas (genitive singular)
dulgis (genitive singular)
dulgǫ̂ (genitive plural)
dulgai (dative singular)
dulgamaz (dative plural)
dulgō (instrumental singular)
dulgamiz (instrumental plural)

desctree

Gothic: 𐌳𐌿𐌻𐌲𐍃 (dulgs)
→ Proto-Slavic: *dъlgъ (possibly, if not inherited)

→ Proto-Samic: *tuolkō (see there for further descendants)

From Proto-Indo-European *dʰlegʰ- (“debt”). Cognate with Old Irish dligid (“lays claim to, deserves”).


dulją

dulją (nominative singular)
duljō (nominative plural)
dulją (singular vocative)
duljō (plural vocative)
dulją (accusative singular)
duljō (accusative plural)
duljas (genitive singular)
dulis (genitive singular)
duljǫ̂ (genitive plural)
duljai (dative singular)
duljamaz (dative plural)
duljō (instrumental singular)
duljamiz (instrumental plural)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *duli
Old High German: tulli, duli
Middle High German: tülle
German: Tülle
→ Vulgar Latin: *dullia (see there for further descendants)

From Proto-Indo-European *dʰel(h₂)- (“curvature, hollow, bend”).


dalkaz

dalkaz (nominative singular)
dalkōz (nominative plural)
dalkōs (nominative plural)
dalk (singular vocative)
dalkōz (plural vocative)
dalkōs (plural vocative)
dalką (accusative singular)
dalkanz (accusative plural)
dalkas (genitive singular)
dalkis (genitive singular)
dalkǫ̂ (genitive plural)
dalkai (dative singular)
dalkamaz (dative plural)
dalkō (instrumental singular)
dalkamiz (instrumental plural)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *dalk
Old English: dalc, dolc
Middle English: dalk, dalke
English: dalk, (dialectal) dawk

Old Norse: dálkr

Icelandic: dálkur

gl

possibly borrowed from unrelated Danish <i class="Latn mention" lang="da">dolk</i>

>? Faroese: dolkur (possibly borrowed from unrelated Danish dolk)

From Proto-Indo-European *dʰelg-, *dʰelk- (“to stick, prick, stab”). Cognate with Lithuanian dilgus (“prickly”), Latin falx (“hook, sickle”), Old Irish delg (“spine, needle”).


dulgą

dulgą (nominative singular)
dulgō (nominative plural)
dulgą (singular vocative)
dulgō (plural vocative)
dulgą (accusative singular)
dulgō (accusative plural)
dulgas (genitive singular)
dulgis (genitive singular)
dulgǫ̂ (genitive plural)
dulgai (dative singular)
dulgamaz (dative plural)
dulgō (instrumental singular)
dulgamiz (instrumental plural)

Proto-West Germanic: *dolg

Old English: dolg, dolh; dolgbōt

Middle English: dolh, dolȝ, dolc, dolk; *dolgbote

English: dogbolt

desc

Old Frisian: dulg, dolg, dolch, dolech, dulich

West Frisian: dolge

Old Saxon: *dolg

Middle Low German: dolch n, dolge, dolgen, dolk f

Old Dutch: *dolc

Middle Dutch: dolc, dolch

Old High German: tolc, tolg, tolk

Old Norse: dolg; dolgr

Icelandic: dólg; dolgur

(Norwegian: dalga)

Maybe related to *dulgaz (“debt”) or perhaps to Ancient Greek θέλγω (thélgō, “to enchant, cheat”).


habrô

habrô (nominative singular)
habraniz (nominative plural)
habrô (singular vocative)
habraniz (plural vocative)
habranų (accusative singular)
habranunz (accusative plural)
habriniz (genitive singular)
habranǫ̂ (genitive plural)
habrini (dative singular)
habrammaz (dative plural)
habrinē (instrumental singular)
habrammiz (instrumental plural)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *habrō
Old English: *hæfera
Old Frisian: *havera; *haver, *hever
North Frisian:
Föhr-Amrum: heewer
Helgoland: Heewer
Mooring: hääwer
Wiedingharde: hääwer
East Frisian:
Harlingerland Frisian: heffer
Saterland Frisian: Hoawer, Heeuwer
Wangerooge Frisian: hüvvër, hǘvër
West Frisian: hjouwer
Schiermonnikoog: jeeuwer, jeeuwre
Old Saxon: habaro, havaro
Middle Low German: hāvere, hāver
German Low German: Haver, Hafer, Hawer
→ German: Hafer
Plautdietsch: Howa
Old Dutch: *havaro
Middle Dutch: havere
Dutch: haver
Afrikaans: hawer
Jersey Dutch: hâver
→⇒ English: haversack
→ Papiamentu: haver
→ West Frisian: haver (dialectal)
Old High German: habaro
Middle High German: habere, haber
Cimbrian: habarn pl
German: Haber
Luxembourgish: Huewer
Yiddish: האָבער (hober)

Old Norse: hafri
Icelandic: hafri
Norn: havr
Norwegian Bokmål: havre
Norwegian Nynorsk: havre
Old Swedish: hafre
Swedish: havre
Danish: havre
Faroese: havri
→ North Frisian: Haawer (Sylt)
→ Middle English: haver
Scots: haver
→ English: haver
→ Norman: av'thon (Jersey)

Probably from Proto-Indo-European *kapro- (“goat”).


stunōną

stunō (active first-person indicative singular)
stunǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
stunōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
stunōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
stunōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
stunō (active imperative second-person singular)
stunōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
stunōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
stunōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
stunō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
stunōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
stunōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
stunōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
stunōs (active dual first-person indicative)
stunōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
stunōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
stunōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
stunōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
stunōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
stunōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
stunōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
stunōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
stunōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
stunōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
stunōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
stunōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
stunōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
stunōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
stunōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
stunōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
stunōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
stunōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
stunōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
stunōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
stunōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
stunōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
stunōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
stunōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
stunōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
stunōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
stunōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
stunōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
stunōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
stunōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
stunōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
stunōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
stunōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
stunōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
stunōndz (active participle present)
stunōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *stunōn
Old English: stunian
Middle English: stunien, stonien, stunen
Scots: stun, stound, stony
English: stun, stound, astonish
Old Saxon: *stunōn
Middle Low German: stōnen, stȫnen (latter merged with stēnen)
Dutch Low Saxon: steunen
German Low German: stöhnen
→ German: stöhnen
Old Dutch: *stunōn, *stonōn
Middle Dutch: stōnen
Dutch: steunen (merged with Middle Dutch stēnen)
Old High German: *stunōn
Middle High German: stunen, stunden
→ Vulgar Latin: *stunō (alternatively from Latin *extonō, see there for further descendants)

From Proto-Indo-European *(s)ten- (“to thunder, rustle, rumble, drone, groan”).

der

(West Germanic) to make a loud sound; crash


mainiz

mainiz (masculine nominative singular strong)
mainijai (masculine nominative plural strong)
mainī (feminine nominative singular strong)
mainijôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
mainį (neuter nominative singular strong)
-jatō (neuter nominative singular strong)
mainijō (neuter nominative plural strong)
mainijanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
mainijanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
mainijǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
mainijōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
mainį (accusative neuter singular strong)
-jatō (accusative neuter singular strong)
mainijō (accusative neuter plural strong)
mainijas (genitive masculine singular strong)
mainīs (genitive masculine singular strong)
mainijaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
mainijaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
mainijaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
mainijas (genitive neuter singular strong)
mainīs (genitive neuter singular strong)
mainijaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
mainijammai (dative masculine singular strong)
mainijaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
mainijaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
mainijaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
mainijammai (dative neuter singular strong)
mainijaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
mainijanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
mainijaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
mainijaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
mainijaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
mainijanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
mainijaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
mainijô (masculine nominative singular weak)
mainijaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
mainijǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
mainijōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
mainijô (neuter nominative singular weak)
mainijōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
mainijanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
mainijanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
mainijōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
mainijōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
mainijô (accusative neuter singular weak)
mainijōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
mainīniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
mainijanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
mainijōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
mainijōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
mainīniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
mainijanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
mainīni (dative masculine singular weak)
mainijammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
mainijōni (dative feminine singular weak)
mainijōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
mainīni (dative neuter singular weak)
mainijammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
mainīnē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
mainijammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
mainijōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
mainijōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
mainīnē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
mainijammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

Old English: mǣne; mǣnsumian, mānsumian

Middle English: mene; mansen

Scots: mean, mein

English: mean; manse

Old Frisian: mēne; manda, monda

Saterland Frisian: mande

Old Dutch: *mēne, *meine

Middle Dutch: meen

From Proto-Indo-European *moynis (“common, mutual”), from Proto-Indo-European *mey- (“to change, exchange, interchange, swap, share in common”).


glīdaną

glīdō (active first-person indicative singular)
glīdaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
glīdai (first-person indicative passive singular)
glīdizi (active indicative second-person singular)
glīdaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
glīd (active imperative second-person singular)
glīdazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
glīdaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
glīdidi (active indicative singular third-person)
glīdai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
glīdadau (active imperative singular third-person)
glīdadai (indicative passive singular third-person)
glīdaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
glīdōz (active dual first-person indicative)
glīdaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
glīdadiz (active dual indicative second-person)
glīdaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
glīdadiz (active dual imperative second-person)
glīdamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
glīdaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
glīdandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
glīdaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
glīdid (active indicative plural second-person)
glīdaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
glīdid (active imperative plural second-person)
glīdandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
glīdaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
glīdandi (active indicative plural third-person)
glīdain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
glīdandau (active imperative plural third-person)
glīdandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
glīdaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
glaid (active first-person indicative singular)
glidį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
glaist (active indicative second-person singular)
glidīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
glaid (active indicative singular third-person)
glidī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
glidū (active dual first-person indicative)
glidīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
glidudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
glidīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
glidum (active first-person indicative plural)
glidīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
glidud (active indicative plural second-person)
glidīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
glidun (active indicative plural third-person)
glidīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
glīdandz (active participle present)
glidanaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *glīdan
Old English: glīdan
Middle English: gliden
Scots: glyde, glide
English: glide
Old Frisian: glīda
Saterland Frisian: gliede
West Frisian: glide, glydzje
Old Saxon: glīdan
Middle Low German: glīden
Low German: glieden
→ Swedish: glida
→ Danish: glide
Old Dutch: *glīdan
Middle Dutch: gliden
Dutch: glijden
Limburgish: glieje
Old High German: glītan
Middle High German: glīten
German: gleiten
Luxembourgish: gleeden
Yiddish: גלייטן (gleytn)
Yiddish: גליטשן (glitshn)
→ Old French: glacer, glasser, glisser, glier
Middle French: glicier, gliier, glisser
French: glisser
Picard: glicher
→ Middle English: glacen, glasen
English: glance
⇒ Middle English: glase, glace

→ Proto-Finnic: *liitädäk

Finnish: liitää

Karelian: liiteä

/ˈɣliː.ðɑ.nɑ̃/

From Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰleydʰ- (“to glide”).


biusi

desctree

Old English: bist, bis — Mercian, beost
Middle English: bist, beest, best
English: bist, beest (archaic or dialectal)

Old Frisian: bist

North Frisian:

Föhr-Amrum: beest

Halligen: bäst

Heligoland: beest

Mooring: bast

Saterland Frisian: bääst

West Frisian: bist

Old Saxon: bist, bis

Middle Low German: bist

German Low German: bist, büst

Plautdietsch: best

Old Dutch: bis, bist

Middle Dutch: bis, bist

Dutch: bis (dialectal)

Limburgish: bös

Old High German: bist, bis

Middle High German: bist

Alemannic German: bisch

Swabian: bisch

Bavarian: bist

Cimbrian: pist

German: bist

Luxembourgish: bass

Pennsylvania German: bischt

Yiddish: ביסט (bist)

second-person singular present active indicative of *beuną


kaflaz

kaflaz (nominative singular)
kaflōz (nominative plural)
kaflōs (nominative plural)
kafl (singular vocative)
kaflōz (plural vocative)
kaflōs (plural vocative)
kaflą (accusative singular)
kaflanz (accusative plural)
kaflas (genitive singular)
kaflis (genitive singular)
kaflǫ̂ (genitive plural)
kaflai (dative singular)
kaflamaz (dative plural)
kaflō (instrumental singular)
kaflamiz (instrumental plural)

Proto-West Germanic: *kafl
Old English: ċeafl
Middle English: chavel, chevel, chaule, chawel, chavyl, chawil, chawyl, chavalle, chaul, chewil, chefle, chafle (Early Middle English), jawe, jawle (influenced by the syn. joue)
English: jowl, chavel
Scots: chowl, chow, chew
Yola: choule
Old Saxon: kafl
Middle Low German: kavel
Old Dutch: *kaval
Middle Dutch: cavel
Dutch: (Flemish) kavel

Old Norse: káfl

Possibly from Proto-Indo-European *ǵóp-wl̥ ~ *ǵép-uns, from *ǵep- (“to eat, chew”),. Cognate with Old Norse kjaptr (“jaw”), from Proto-Germanic *kefutaz both paralleling *habulō (“head”), *haubudą (“head”), from *kap- (“head”). Perhaps also cognate with Proto-Slavic *žьvàti (“to chew”) (whence Serbo-Croatian žvakati), Proto-Celtic *gobbos (“muzzle, snout”) (whence Middle Irish gop).

Etymological Dictionary of the German Language

de:Etymologisches Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache


strakaz

*strakaz (a-stem)

strakaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
strakai (masculine nominative plural strong)
strakō (feminine nominative singular strong)
strakôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
straką (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
strakō (neuter nominative plural strong)
strakanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
strakanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
strakǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
strakōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
straką (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
strakō (accusative neuter plural strong)
strakas (genitive masculine singular strong)
-is (genitive masculine singular strong)
strakaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
strakaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
strakaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
strakas (genitive neuter singular strong)
-is (genitive neuter singular strong)
strakaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
strakammai (dative masculine singular strong)
strakaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
strakaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
strakaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
strakammai (dative neuter singular strong)
strakaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
strakanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
strakaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
strakaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
strakaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
strakanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
strakaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
strakô (masculine nominative singular weak)
strakaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
strakǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
strakōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
strakô (neuter nominative singular weak)
strakōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
strakanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
strakanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
strakōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
strakōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
strakô (accusative neuter singular weak)
strakōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
strakiniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
strakanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
strakōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
strakōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
strakiniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
strakanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
strakini (dative masculine singular weak)
strakammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
strakōni (dative feminine singular weak)
strakōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
strakini (dative neuter singular weak)
strakammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
strakinē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
strakammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
strakōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
strakōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
strakinē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
strakammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

Proto-West Germanic: *strak
Old English: stræc, strec
Middle English: *strak, streke, strik
Scots: strack
Old Frisian: *strak
Saterland Frisian: strak
West Frisian: strak
Old Saxon: *strak
Middle Low German: strak
Low German: strack
Old Dutch: *strac
Middle Dutch: strac
Dutch: strak
Limburgish: strak
Old High German: *strak (in framstrac)
Middle High German: strac
German: strack
→ Italian: stracco

From Proto-Indo-European *(s)treg- (“rigid, stiff”).


dedǭ

first-person singular past active indicative of *dōną


blōtą

blōtą (nominative singular)
blōtō (nominative plural)
blōtą (singular vocative)
blōtō (plural vocative)
blōtą (accusative singular)
blōtō (accusative plural)
blōtas (genitive singular)
blōtis (genitive singular)
blōtǫ̂ (genitive plural)
blōtai (dative singular)
blōtamaz (dative plural)
blōtō (instrumental singular)
blōtamiz (instrumental plural)

Proto-West Germanic: *blōt

Old English: blōt; (blētsian?)

Old Saxon: *blōt

Middle Low German: blōt, blūt

Old High German: *bluoz, *pluoz, *plōz (in compound: bluozhūs, ploazhūs, plōzhūs)

desctree

Old Norse: blót
Icelandic: blót
→ Faroese: blót
→ Norwegian Nynorsk: blót
Old Swedish: blot
Swedish: blot
Old Gutnish: blót
→ Danish: blot

Traditionally from Proto-Indo-European *bʰlā-d- (“to offer, sacrifice”), comparing Latin flāmen (“priest”), but this root is largely abandoned by modern scholars. Possibly from the same root as *blōþą (“blood”); compare the development of Proto-West Germanic *blōdisōn (“to mark with blood > to bless”).


spindaz

spindaz (nominative singular)
spindōz (nominative plural)
spindōs (nominative plural)
spind (singular vocative)
spindōz (plural vocative)
spindōs (plural vocative)
spindą (accusative singular)
spindanz (accusative plural)
spindas (genitive singular)
spindis (genitive singular)
spindǫ̂ (genitive plural)
spindai (dative singular)
spindamaz (dative plural)
spindō (instrumental singular)
spindamiz (instrumental plural)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *spind
Old English: spind
Old Saxon: spind
Middle Low German: spint
Old Dutch: *spind
Middle Dutch: spint
Dutch: spint
Old High German: spint
Middle High German: spint
German: Spint (archaic, dialectal)
→ Bavarian: Spind; Spund

→? Proto-Finnic: *pinta


gaminþiją

gaminþiją (nominative singular)
gaminþijō (nominative plural)
gaminþiją (singular vocative)
gaminþijō (plural vocative)
gaminþiją (accusative singular)
gaminþijō (accusative plural)
gaminþijas (genitive singular)
gaminþīs (genitive singular)
gaminþijǫ̂ (genitive plural)
gaminþijai (dative singular)
gaminþijamaz (dative plural)
gaminþijō (instrumental singular)
gaminþijamiz (instrumental plural)

Old Norse: minni

Icelandic: minni

Faroese: minni

Norwegian: minne

Swedish: minne

Danish: minde

→ Middle English: minne

English: min

Gothic: 𐌲𐌰𐌼𐌹𐌽𐌸𐌹 (gaminþi)

From Proto-Indo-European *men- (“to think”).


midjǭ

midjǭ (nominative singular)
midjōniz (nominative plural)
midjǭ (singular vocative)
midjōniz (plural vocative)
midjōnų (accusative singular)
midjōnunz (accusative plural)
midjōniz (genitive singular)
midjōnǫ̂ (genitive plural)
midjōni (dative singular)
midjōmaz (dative plural)
midjōnē (instrumental singular)
midjōmiz (instrumental plural)

Old English: midde

Middle English: midde

Old Frisian: midde

Old Saxon: *middia

Old Norse: miðja

Icelandic: miðja

Faroese: miðja

Norwegian Nynorsk: midja, midju, midje

Old Swedish: midhia

Swedish: midja

Danish: midje

Norwegian Bokmål: midje


mainaiþaz

mainaiþaz (nominative singular)
mainaiþōz (nominative plural)
mainaiþōs (nominative plural)
mainaiþ (singular vocative)
mainaiþōz (plural vocative)
mainaiþōs (plural vocative)
mainaiþą (accusative singular)
mainaiþanz (accusative plural)
mainaiþas (genitive singular)
mainaiþis (genitive singular)
mainaiþǫ̂ (genitive plural)
mainaiþai (dative singular)
mainaiþamaz (dative plural)
mainaiþō (instrumental singular)
mainaiþamiz (instrumental plural)

Proto-West Germanic: *mainaiþ

Old English: mānāþ

desc

Middle English: monoth, manath, manwaþ, maineath

Scots: mane-atht

Old Frisian: mēnēth

Saterland Frisian: Meeneed

West Frisian: meineed

Old Saxon: mēnēth

Middle Low German: mênêt, meineit

German Low German: Meeneed

Old Dutch: *meinēth, *meinēd

Middle Dutch: meynede, meeneet

Dutch: meineed

Afrikaans: meineed

Limburgish: meineid

Old High German: meineid

Middle High German: meineit

German: Meineid

Old Norse: meineiðr

Icelandic: meineiður

Norwegian: mened

Old Swedish: mēnēþer

Swedish: mened

Danish: mened


magraz

*magraz (a-stem)

magraz (masculine nominative singular strong)
magrai (masculine nominative plural strong)
magrō (feminine nominative singular strong)
magrôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
magrą (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
magrō (neuter nominative plural strong)
magranǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
magranz (accusative masculine plural strong)
magrǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
magrōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
magrą (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
magrō (accusative neuter plural strong)
magras (genitive masculine singular strong)
-is (genitive masculine singular strong)
magraizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
magraizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
magraizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
magras (genitive neuter singular strong)
-is (genitive neuter singular strong)
magraizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
magrammai (dative masculine singular strong)
magraimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
magraizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
magraimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
magrammai (dative neuter singular strong)
magraimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
magranō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
magraimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
magraizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
magraimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
magranō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
magraimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
magrô (masculine nominative singular weak)
magraniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
magrǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
magrōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
magrô (neuter nominative singular weak)
magrōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
magranų (accusative masculine singular weak)
magranunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
magrōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
magrōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
magrô (accusative neuter singular weak)
magrōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
magriniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
magranǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
magrōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
magrōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
magriniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
magranǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
magrini (dative masculine singular weak)
magrammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
magrōni (dative feminine singular weak)
magrōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
magrini (dative neuter singular weak)
magrammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
magrinē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
magrammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
magrōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
magrōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
magrinē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
magrammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *magr
Old English: mæġer
Old Frisian: *meger, *māger
Saterland Frisian: meger, meeger
West Frisian: meager
Old Saxon: *magar
Middle Low German: māger
German Low German: mager
Old Dutch: *magar
Middle Dutch: māger
Dutch: mager
Limburgish: mager
Old High German: magar
Middle High German: mager, meger
German: mager
Luxembourgish: moer
Yiddish: מאָגער (moger)

Old Norse: magr

Icelandic: magur

Faroese: magur

desc

Norwegian Nynorsk: mager; (dialectal) magur

Old Swedish: magher

Swedish: mager

Old Danish: maghær

Danish: mager

Norwegian Bokmål: mager

→ Scots: mager, maager

From Proto-Indo-European *mh₂ḱrós (“tall, thin, lean, meager”).


huppijaną

huppijō (active first-person indicative singular)
huppijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
huppijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
huppīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
huppijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
huppī (active imperative second-person singular)
huppijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
huppijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
huppīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
huppijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
huppijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
huppijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
huppijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
huppijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
huppijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
huppijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
huppijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
huppijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
huppijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
huppijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
huppijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
huppijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
huppīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
huppijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
huppīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
huppijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
huppijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
huppijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
huppijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
huppijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
huppijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
huppijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
huppidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
huppidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
huppidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
huppidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
huppidē (active indicative singular third-person)
huppidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
huppidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
huppidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
huppidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
huppidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
huppidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
huppidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
huppidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
huppidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
huppidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
huppidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
huppijandz (active participle present)
huppidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *huppijan

Old English: *hyppan

Middle English: hüppen, hyppen, hippen

Scots: hip

English: hip (dialectal)

Old Saxon: *huppian

Middle Low German: huppen

German Low German: hüppen

→? Saterland Frisian: hupje

Old Dutch: *huppen

Middle Dutch: huppen

Dutch: huppen, hippen

Old High German: *hupfēn

Middle High German: hüpfen, hupfen

German: hüpfen

Proto-Norse:

Old Norse: *hyppa

→? Proto-Finnic: *hüp'äit'äk (see there for further descendants)

Possibly from Proto-Indo-European *kewb- (“to bend; a bend, joint”); see *hupiz (“hip”). Or, derived from the iterative *huppōną ~ *hubbōną, from
a Proto-Indo-European *kup-.

der

(West Germanic) to move up and down; hop


murþrijaną

murþrijō (active first-person indicative singular)
murþrijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
murþrijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
murþrīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
murþrijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
murþrī (active imperative second-person singular)
murþrijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
murþrijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
murþrīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
murþrijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
murþrijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
murþrijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
murþrijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
murþrijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
murþrijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
murþrijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
murþrijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
murþrijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
murþrijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
murþrijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
murþrijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
murþrijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
murþrīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
murþrijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
murþrīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
murþrijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
murþrijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
murþrijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
murþrijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
murþrijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
murþrijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
murþrijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
murþridǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
murþridēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
murþridēz (active indicative second-person singular)
murþridēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
murþridē (active indicative singular third-person)
murþridēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
murþridēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
murþridēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
murþridēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
murþridēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
murþridēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
murþridēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
murþridēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
murþridēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
murþridēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
murþridēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
murþrijandz (active participle present)
murþridaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *murþrijan
Old English: myrþran
Middle English: murtheren, morthren, murdren, mordren
Scots: murther, murder
English: murder
Old High German: murdiren, murdren
Middle High German: mürdern, murderen, murderōn, morderen, morderōn, murdern, murderen
German: mördern
→ Old French: mordrir, mourdrir, meurdrir, meurtrir
Middle French: meurtrir
French: meurtrir
→ Medieval Latin: mordrire

Gothic: 𐌼𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌸𐍂𐌾𐌰𐌽 (maurþrjan)


sīdaz

*sīdaz (a-stem)

sīdaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
sīdai (masculine nominative plural strong)
sīdō (feminine nominative singular strong)
sīdôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
sīdą (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
sīdō (neuter nominative plural strong)
sīdanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
sīdanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
sīdǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
sīdōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
sīdą (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
sīdō (accusative neuter plural strong)
sīdas (genitive masculine singular strong)
-is (genitive masculine singular strong)
sīdaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
sīdaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
sīdaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
sīdas (genitive neuter singular strong)
-is (genitive neuter singular strong)
sīdaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
sīdammai (dative masculine singular strong)
sīdaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
sīdaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
sīdaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
sīdammai (dative neuter singular strong)
sīdaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
sīdanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
sīdaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
sīdaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
sīdaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
sīdanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
sīdaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
sīdô (masculine nominative singular weak)
sīdaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
sīdǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
sīdōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
sīdô (neuter nominative singular weak)
sīdōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
sīdanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
sīdanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
sīdōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
sīdōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
sīdô (accusative neuter singular weak)
sīdōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
sīdiniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
sīdanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
sīdōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
sīdōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
sīdiniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
sīdanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
sīdini (dative masculine singular weak)
sīdammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
sīdōni (dative feminine singular weak)
sīdōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
sīdini (dative neuter singular weak)
sīdammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
sīdinē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
sīdammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
sīdōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
sīdōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
sīdinē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
sīdammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

Old English: sīd (“wide”)

Middle English: syd, syde, side

Scots: sid, side

English: side (“wide”)

Old Frisian: *sīd; sīde (adverb)

North Frisian: sid (adverb)

West Frisian: syd (“wide”, adverb)

Old Saxon: *sīd

Middle Low German: sīt (“low”); sîde (adverb)

Low German: sied

Old Dutch: *sīd

Middle Dutch: sijt (“broad, wide”); sīde (adverb)

Dutch: zijd (“wide”)

Old High German: *sīt; sīto (adverb)

Old Norse: síðr (“long, low-hanging”)

Icelandic: síður

Faroese: síður

Norwegian: sid

Old Swedish: sīþer

Swedish: sid

Danish: sid

Scanian: siðer

From Proto-Indo-European *seh₁(i)- (“to send, throw, drop, sow, deposit”). But possibly from Proto-Indo-European *seh₁- (“long, lasting”).

der

drooping, hanging down, pendulous, long, trailing


murþą

murþą (nominative singular)
murþō (nominative plural)
murþą (singular vocative)
murþō (plural vocative)
murþą (accusative singular)
murþō (accusative plural)
murþas (genitive singular)
murþis (genitive singular)
murþǫ̂ (genitive plural)
murþai (dative singular)
murþamaz (dative plural)
murþō (instrumental singular)
murþamiz (instrumental plural)

Proto-West Germanic: *morþ

Old English: morþ

Middle English: morth, murth

Scots: murth

English: murth, murther, murder

Old Frisian: morth, mord

Saterland Frisian: Morde, Moort

West Frisian: moard

Old Saxon: morth

Middle Low German: mōrt

German Low German: Moord

Low German: mort

desctree

Old Dutch: morth
Middle Dutch: mord, mort, moort
Dutch: moord

Old High German: mord

Middle High German: mort

German: Mord

→ Polish: mord, morderstwo

Luxembourgish: Muerd

Proto-Norse: *ᛗᛟᚱᚦᚨ (*morþa)

Old Norse: morð

Icelandic: morð

Faroese: morð

Norwegian Nynorsk: mord

Norwegian Bokmål: mord

Old Swedish: morþ

Swedish: mord

Danish: mord

→? Finnish: murha

From Proto-Indo-European *mr̥tós (“dead”), from *mer- (“to die”).

(especially) a killing in secret where the body was hidden (which was considered particularly shameful)


huppōną

Brill Publishers
Germanic parent language

huppō (active first-person indicative singular)
huppǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
huppōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
huppōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
huppōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
huppō (active imperative second-person singular)
huppōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
huppōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
huppōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
huppō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
huppōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
huppōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
huppōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
huppōs (active dual first-person indicative)
huppōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
huppōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
huppōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
huppōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
huppōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
huppōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
huppōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
huppōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
huppōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
huppōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
huppōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
huppōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
huppōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
huppōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
huppōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
huppōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
huppōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
huppōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
huppōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
huppōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
huppōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
huppōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
huppōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
huppōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
huppōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
huppōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
huppōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
huppōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
huppōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
huppōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
huppōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
huppōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
huppōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
huppōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
huppōndz (active participle present)
huppōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *huppōn, *hoppōn

Old English: hoppian

Middle English: hoppen; hobelen

English: hop; hobble

Scots: hop

Old Frisian: *huppia, *hoppia

Saterland Frisian: hupje, hopje

⇒ Saterland Frisian: huppelje

West Frisian: hopje, hobje

Old Saxon: *huppōn, *hoppōn

Middle Low German: huppen; huppelen

German Low German: huppeln, hoppeln

Old Dutch: *hoppon, *hobbon

Middle Dutch: hoppen, hobben; hoppelen, hobbelen, hobelen; huppelen

Dutch: hoppen, hobben; hobbelen; huppelen

Afrikaans: hop; hobbel

Old High German: *hopfōn, *hoppōn (pp Central German and/or < bb)

Middle High German: hopfen, hoppen

German: hoppen (rare)

⇒ Middle High German: hoppeln

German: hoppeln

⇒ Old High German: hoppazzen

Middle High German: hoppezen, hopfzen

German: hopsen

→ German Low German: hopsen

→ Old French: hober, ober

⇒ Old French: hobin, hobi, obin

Middle French: hobin, haubby, aubin

French: aubin

→ Middle English: hobin, hobyn, hoby

English: hobby, hobbyhorse

Old Norse: hoppa

Icelandic: hoppa

Faroese: hoppa

Norwegian: hoppe

Old Swedish: hoppa, huppa

Swedish: hoppa, (dialectal) hôpp

Danish: hoppe

→ Proto-Samic: *këppëtēk (see there for further descendants)

From a pre-Germanic iterative *kuP-néh₂-(ye-)ti, usually derived from Proto-Indo-European *kewb-, *ḱewb- (“to bend; a bend, joint”) (compare Latin cubō (“I recline”), Ancient Greek κύβος (kúbos, “hollow in the hips”), Albanian sup (“shoulder”), Sanskrit शुप्ति (śúpti, “shoulder”)); however, according to Kroonen the root must be *kup- with final *p, in view of Middle Dutch hobben. Tentatively compare Ancient Greek κύπτω (kúptō, “to stoop, hunch”), Lithuanian kuprà (“hump”) and Old High German hofar, hofir (“hump”).


huppōną

⇒ Proto-West Germanic: *andihupōn

Old English: onhupian

Old Norse: hopa

Icelandic: hopa

Faroese: hopa

Norwegian Nynorsk: hoppa, hopa, hobba (dialectal)

Danish: hoppe (dialectal)

A secondary zero grade iterative. Possibly from Proto-Indo-European *kemp- (“to turn, bend”), assuming the -m- is a nasal infix.


manją

manją (nominative singular)
manjō (nominative plural)
manją (singular vocative)
manjō (plural vocative)
manją (accusative singular)
manjō (accusative plural)
manjas (genitive singular)
manis (genitive singular)
manjǫ̂ (genitive plural)
manjai (dative singular)
manjamaz (dative plural)
manjō (instrumental singular)
manjamiz (instrumental plural)

Proto-West Germanic: *manni, *manī

Old English: mene, myne

Middle English: myne, mune

Old Saxon: *meni

⇒ Old Saxon: halsmeni

Old High German: menni

(Middle High German: mene, menī)

Old Norse: men

Icelandic: men (in hálsmen)

From Proto-Indo-European *mony- (“crest, mane”).


waldą

waldą (nominative singular)
waldō (nominative plural)
waldą (singular vocative)
waldō (plural vocative)
waldą (accusative singular)
waldō (accusative plural)
waldas (genitive singular)
waldis (genitive singular)
waldǫ̂ (genitive plural)
waldai (dative singular)
waldamaz (dative plural)
waldō (instrumental singular)
waldamiz (instrumental plural)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *wald
Old English: weald
Middle English: wald
English: wald
Old Dutch: *wald
Old High German: walt

Old Norse: vald

Icelandic: vald

Faroese: vald

Norwegian Nynorsk: vald

Old Swedish: vald

Swedish: våld

Danish: vold

Norwegian Bokmål: vold

⇒ Gothic: 𐍅𐌰𐌻𐌳𐌿𐍆𐌽𐌹 (waldufni)

→ Proto-Finnic: *valta (see there for further descendants)


kōniz

kōniz (masculine nominative singular strong)
kōnijai (masculine nominative plural strong)
kōnī (feminine nominative singular strong)
kōnijôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
kōnį (neuter nominative singular strong)
-jatō (neuter nominative singular strong)
kōnijō (neuter nominative plural strong)
kōnijanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
kōnijanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
kōnijǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
kōnijōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
kōnį (accusative neuter singular strong)
-jatō (accusative neuter singular strong)
kōnijō (accusative neuter plural strong)
kōnijas (genitive masculine singular strong)
kōnīs (genitive masculine singular strong)
kōnijaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
kōnijaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
kōnijaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
kōnijas (genitive neuter singular strong)
kōnīs (genitive neuter singular strong)
kōnijaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
kōnijammai (dative masculine singular strong)
kōnijaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
kōnijaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
kōnijaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
kōnijammai (dative neuter singular strong)
kōnijaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
kōnijanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
kōnijaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
kōnijaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
kōnijaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
kōnijanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
kōnijaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
kōnijô (masculine nominative singular weak)
kōnijaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
kōnijǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
kōnijōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
kōnijô (neuter nominative singular weak)
kōnijōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
kōnijanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
kōnijanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
kōnijōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
kōnijōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
kōnijô (accusative neuter singular weak)
kōnijōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
kōnīniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
kōnijanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
kōnijōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
kōnijōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
kōnīniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
kōnijanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
kōnīni (dative masculine singular weak)
kōnijammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
kōnijōni (dative feminine singular weak)
kōnijōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
kōnīni (dative neuter singular weak)
kōnijammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
kōnīnē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
kōnijammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
kōnijōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
kōnijōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
kōnīnē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
kōnijammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

Proto-West Germanic: *kōnī
Old English: cēne
Middle English: kene
Scots: keen
English: keen
Old Frisian: *kēne
Saterland Frisian: köin
West Frisian: kein
Old Saxon: *kōni
Middle Low German: kōne, köne, cōne
Old Dutch: *kuoni
Middle Dutch: coene
Dutch: koen
Afrikaans: koen
Old High German: kuoni, chuoni, kuani
Middle High German: küen, küene, küne
Alemannic German: chüe, chüen
German: kühn
Luxembourgish: kéng

Old Norse: kǿnn

Icelandic: kænn

Faroese: kønur

Old Swedish: kø̄n

Swedish: kön (archaic)

Danish: køn

Vṛddhi gerundive of *kunnaną (“to know”).


spinnaną

spinnō (active first-person indicative singular)
spinnaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
spinnai (first-person indicative passive singular)
spinnizi (active indicative second-person singular)
spinnaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
spinn (active imperative second-person singular)
spinnazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
spinnaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
spinnidi (active indicative singular third-person)
spinnai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
spinnadau (active imperative singular third-person)
spinnadai (indicative passive singular third-person)
spinnaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
spinnōz (active dual first-person indicative)
spinnaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
spinnadiz (active dual indicative second-person)
spinnaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
spinnadiz (active dual imperative second-person)
spinnamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
spinnaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
spinnandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
spinnaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
spinnid (active indicative plural second-person)
spinnaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
spinnid (active imperative plural second-person)
spinnandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
spinnaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
spinnandi (active indicative plural third-person)
spinnain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
spinnandau (active imperative plural third-person)
spinnandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
spinnaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
spann (active first-person indicative singular)
spunnį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
spannt (active indicative second-person singular)
spunnīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
spann (active indicative singular third-person)
spunnī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
spunnū (active dual first-person indicative)
spunnīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
spunnudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
spunnīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
spunnum (active first-person indicative plural)
spunnīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
spunnud (active indicative plural second-person)
spunnīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
spunnun (active indicative plural third-person)
spunnīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
spinnandz (active participle present)
spunnanaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *spinnan
Old English: spinnan
Middle English: spinnen, spynnen, spynne, spinne, spynen, spenen, spynnyn, spyn
English: spin
Scots: spin
Old Frisian: spinna
Saterland Frisian: spinne
West Frisian: spinne
Old Saxon: *spinnan
Middle Low German: spinnen
German Low German: spinnen
Old Dutch: *spinnan
Middle Dutch: spinnen
Dutch: spinnen
Limburgish: spinne
Old High German: spinnan
Middle High German: spinnen
German: spinnen
Luxembourgish: spannen
Yiddish: שפּינען (shpinen)

Old Norse: spinna

Icelandic: spinna

Faroese: spinna

Norwegian: spinne

Old Swedish: spinna

Swedish: spinna

Danish: spinde

Gothic: 𐍃𐍀𐌹𐌽𐌽𐌰𐌽 (spinnan)

From Proto-Indo-European *(s)pénh₁-ne-, from *(s)penh₁- (“to spin thread, plait, weave, sew; to stretch”). Cognate with Proto-Balto-Slavic *pínˀtei (“to stretch”), and Old Armenian հենում (henum, “to weave, sew together”). Potentially a doublet of *spannaną (“to stretch, tighten, fasten”) and/or *fanô (“cloth”).


bullǭ

bullǭ (nominative singular)
bullōniz (nominative plural)
bullǭ (singular vocative)
bullōniz (plural vocative)
bullōnų (accusative singular)
bullōnunz (accusative plural)
bullōniz (genitive singular)
bullōnǫ̂ (genitive plural)
bullōni (dative singular)
bullōmaz (dative plural)
bullōnē (instrumental singular)
bullōmiz (instrumental plural)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *bollā
Old English: bolle
Middle English: bolle
Scots: boll, bol, bow
English: bowl
→ Middle French: bolle
French: bol
→ Greek: μπολ (bol)
Old Frisian: bolla
Saterland Frisian: Boolje, Bol
West Frisian: bol
Old Saxon: *bolla, bollo
Middle Low German: bolle, bole
German Low German: Boll, Bolle
⇒ Low German: Bolltje
→ Danish: bolsje
→ German: Bollchen
Old Dutch: *bollo
Middle Dutch: bolle m
Dutch: bol
Afrikaans: bol
Limburgish: ból
Old High German: bolla
Middle High German: bolle
Alemannic German: Bölle, Belle, Böle
German: Bolle
Luxembourgish: Boll; Bull (latter uncertain)
→ Vulgar Latin: *bolla (merger with Latin bulla)
Italo-Dalmatian
Italian: bolla
Oïl
Old French: bolle, bole
Middle French: boule
French: boule
→ English: boule
Norman: bolle, boule
→ Middle English: bowle, boule
English: bowl (“lawn bowl, ball”)
Picard Old French: *boule
⇒ Picard Old French: boulenc
→ Old French: bolengier, boulanger
Gallo: boulangier
Middle French: boulanger
French: boulanger
Norman: boulandgi (Jèrriais)
Walloon: boledjî
Old Occitan: bolla, bola
Occitan: bòla
Catalan: bolla, bola
Portuguese: bola
→ Spanish: bola
Old Spanish:
Spanish: bolla

Old Norse: bolli

Icelandic: bolli

Faroese: bolli

Norwegian: bolle

Old Swedish: bolle, bulle

Swedish: bulle
→ Finnish: pulla
→ English: pulla
→ Finnish: pullo

Old Danish: bollæ, bullæ

Danish: bolle

From Proto-Indo-European *bʰln-, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰel- (“to blow, inflate, swell, bubble”).


wanisōną

wanisō (active first-person indicative singular)
wanisǭ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
wanisōi (first-person indicative passive singular)
wanisōsi (active indicative second-person singular)
wanisōs (active second-person singular subjunctive)
wanisō (active imperative second-person singular)
wanisōsai (indicative passive second-person singular)
wanisōsau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
wanisōþi (active indicative singular third-person)
wanisō (active singular subjunctive third-person)
wanisōþau (active imperative singular third-person)
wanisōþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
wanisōþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
wanisōs (active dual first-person indicative)
wanisōw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
wanisōþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
wanisōþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
wanisōþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
wanisōmaz (active first-person indicative plural)
wanisōm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
wanisōnþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
wanisōnþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
wanisōþ (active indicative plural second-person)
wanisōþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
wanisōþ (active imperative plural second-person)
wanisōnþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
wanisōnþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
wanisōnþi (active indicative plural third-person)
wanisōn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
wanisōnþau (active imperative plural third-person)
wanisōnþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
wanisōnþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
wanisōdǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
wanisōdēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
wanisōdēz (active indicative second-person singular)
wanisōdēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
wanisōdē (active indicative singular third-person)
wanisōdēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
wanisōdēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
wanisōdēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
wanisōdēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
wanisōdēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
wanisōdēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
wanisōdēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
wanisōdēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
wanisōdēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
wanisōdēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
wanisōdēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
wanisōndz (active participle present)
wanisōdaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *wanisōn, *wansōn

gl

Old English: wansian (< *wansōn; alternatively borrowed from Old Norse)

Middle English: wansen

English: wanse

Scots: wanze

Old Norse: vansa

Icelandic: vansa

Faroese: vansa


ganeutaną

ganeutō (active first-person indicative singular)
ganeutaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
ganeutai (first-person indicative passive singular)
ganiutizi (active indicative second-person singular)
ganeutaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
ganeut (active imperative second-person singular)
ganeutazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
ganeutaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
ganiutidi (active indicative singular third-person)
ganeutai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
ganeutadau (active imperative singular third-person)
ganeutadai (indicative passive singular third-person)
ganeutaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
ganeutōz (active dual first-person indicative)
ganeutaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
ganeutadiz (active dual indicative second-person)
ganeutaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
ganeutadiz (active dual imperative second-person)
ganeutamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
ganeutaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
ganeutandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
ganeutaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
ganiutid (active indicative plural second-person)
ganeutaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
ganiutid (active imperative plural second-person)
ganeutandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
ganeutaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
ganeutandi (active indicative plural third-person)
ganeutain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
ganeutandau (active imperative plural third-person)
ganeutandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
ganeutaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
ganaut (active first-person indicative singular)
ganutį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
ganaust (active indicative second-person singular)
ganutīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
ganaut (active indicative singular third-person)
ganutī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
ganutū (active dual first-person indicative)
ganutīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
ganutudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
ganutīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
ganutum (active first-person indicative plural)
ganutīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
ganutud (active indicative plural second-person)
ganutīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
ganutun (active indicative plural third-person)
ganutīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
ganeutandz (active participle present)
ganutanaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *ganeutan
Old Saxon: giniotan
Middle Low German: genêten, gnêten, genîten
German Low German: geneten
→ Saterland Frisian: genäite
Old Dutch: ginietan
Middle Dutch: genieten
Dutch: genieten
Limburgish: genete
Old High German: giniozan
Middle High German: geniezen
German: genießen
Luxembourgish: genéissen
Yiddish: געניסן (genisn)

Gothic: 𐌲𐌰𐌽𐌹𐌿𐍄𐌰𐌽 (ganiutan)


binemaną

binemō (active first-person indicative singular)
binemaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
binemai (first-person indicative passive singular)
binimizi (active indicative second-person singular)
binemaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
binem (active imperative second-person singular)
binemazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
binemaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
binimidi (active indicative singular third-person)
binemai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
binemadau (active imperative singular third-person)
binemadai (indicative passive singular third-person)
binemaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
binemōz (active dual first-person indicative)
binemaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
binemadiz (active dual indicative second-person)
binemaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
binemadiz (active dual imperative second-person)
binemamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
binemaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
binemandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
binemaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
binimid (active indicative plural second-person)
binemaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
binimid (active imperative plural second-person)
binemandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
binemaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
binemandi (active indicative plural third-person)
binemain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
binemandau (active imperative plural third-person)
binemandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
binemaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
binam (active first-person indicative singular)
binēmį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
binamt (active indicative second-person singular)
binēmīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
binam (active indicative singular third-person)
binēmī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
binēmū (active dual first-person indicative)
binēmīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
binēmudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
binēmīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
binēmum (active first-person indicative plural)
binēmīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
binēmud (active indicative plural second-person)
binēmīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
binēmun (active indicative plural third-person)
binēmīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
binemandz (active participle present)
binumanaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *bineman
Old English: beniman
Middle English: benimen
English: benim
Old Frisian: binima
Saterland Frisian: benieme
West Frisian: benimme
Old Saxon: biniman, bineman
Middle Low German: benēmen
Low German: benehmen
German Low German: benehmen
Old Dutch: *bineman
Middle Dutch: benēmen
Dutch: benemen
Afrikaans: beneem
Limburgish: benumme
Old High German: bineman
Middle High German: benëmen
German: benehmen

Gothic: 𐌱𐌹𐌽𐌹𐌼𐌰𐌽 (biniman)


hatjaną

hatjō (active first-person indicative singular)
hatjaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
hatjai (first-person indicative passive singular)
hatisi (active indicative second-person singular)
hatjais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
hati (active imperative second-person singular)
hatjasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
hatjaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
hatiþi (active indicative singular third-person)
hatjai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
hatjaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
hatjaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
hatjaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
hatjōs (active dual first-person indicative)
hatjaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
hatjaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
hatjaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
hatjaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
hatjamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
hatjaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
hatjanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
hatjainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
hatiþ (active indicative plural second-person)
hatjaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
hatiþ (active imperative plural second-person)
hatjanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
hatjainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
hatjanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
hatjain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
hatjanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
hatjanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
hatjainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
hatidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
hatidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
hatidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
hatidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
hatidē (active indicative singular third-person)
hatidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
hatidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
hatidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
hatidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
hatidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
hatidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
hatidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
hatidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
hatidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
hatidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
hatidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
hatjandz (active participle present)
hatidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *hattjan
Old English: hettan
Old Saxon: hettian
Old High German: hezzen
Middle High German: hetzen
German: hetzen
Luxembourgish: hetzen
Vilamovian: heca
→ Old French: hair, hadir, haḍir, haïr
Middle French: haïr
French: haïr
Norman: haï

Gothic: 𐌷𐌰𐍄𐌾𐌰𐌽 (hatjan)

From Proto-Indo-European *ḱeh₂d- (“strong emotion”). Equivalent to *hataz (“hate”) + *-janą.


funsaz

*funsaz (a-stem)

funsaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
funsai (masculine nominative plural strong)
funsō (feminine nominative singular strong)
funsôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
funsą (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
funsō (neuter nominative plural strong)
funsanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
funsanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
funsǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
funsōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
funsą (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
funsō (accusative neuter plural strong)
funsas (genitive masculine singular strong)
-is (genitive masculine singular strong)
funsaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
funsaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
funsaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
funsas (genitive neuter singular strong)
-is (genitive neuter singular strong)
funsaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
funsammai (dative masculine singular strong)
funsaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
funsaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
funsaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
funsammai (dative neuter singular strong)
funsaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
funsanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
funsaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
funsaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
funsaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
funsanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
funsaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
funsô (masculine nominative singular weak)
funsaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
funsǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
funsōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
funsô (neuter nominative singular weak)
funsōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
funsanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
funsanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
funsōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
funsōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
funsô (accusative neuter singular weak)
funsōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
funsiniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
funsanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
funsōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
funsōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
funsiniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
funsanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
funsini (dative masculine singular weak)
funsammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
funsōni (dative feminine singular weak)
funsōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
funsini (dative neuter singular weak)
funsammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
funsinē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
funsammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
funsōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
funsōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
funsinē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
funsammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *funs
Old English: fūs
Middle English: fous, fus, fuus, vous, wous
Old Saxon: fūs
Old High German: funs
Middle High German: ?
Central Franconian: Fonz (perhaps in part)

Old Norse: fúss

Icelandic: fús

Faroese: fúsur

Norwegian: fus

Old Swedish: fūs

Swedish: fus (archaic)

Danish: fus

From earlier *fundsaz, from Proto-Indo-European *pn̥tstós, from *pent- (“to tread, go”) + *-tós, with epenthetic -s- between dentals.


wanaz

*wanaz (a-stem)

wanaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
wanai (masculine nominative plural strong)
wanō (feminine nominative singular strong)
wanôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
waną (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
wanō (neuter nominative plural strong)
wananǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
wananz (accusative masculine plural strong)
wanǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
wanōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
waną (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
wanō (accusative neuter plural strong)
wanas (genitive masculine singular strong)
-is (genitive masculine singular strong)
wanaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
wanaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
wanaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
wanas (genitive neuter singular strong)
-is (genitive neuter singular strong)
wanaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
wanammai (dative masculine singular strong)
wanaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
wanaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
wanaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
wanammai (dative neuter singular strong)
wanaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
wananō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
wanaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
wanaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
wanaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
wananō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
wanaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
wanô (masculine nominative singular weak)
wananiz (masculine nominative plural weak)
wanǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
wanōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
wanô (neuter nominative singular weak)
wanōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
wananų (accusative masculine singular weak)
wananunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
wanōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
wanōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
wanô (accusative neuter singular weak)
wanōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
waniniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
wananǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
wanōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
wanōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
waniniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
wananǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
wanini (dative masculine singular weak)
wanammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
wanōni (dative feminine singular weak)
wanōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
wanini (dative neuter singular weak)
wanammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
waninē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
wanammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
wanōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
wanōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
waninē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
wanammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

Old English: wan, won; wan-

Middle English: wan; wan-

Scots: wan-

English: wan-

Old Frisian: wan, won; wan-, won-

West Frisian: wan-

Old Saxon: wan; wan-

Middle Low German: wan; wan-

Old Dutch: *wan; *wan-

Middle Dutch: wan; wan-

Dutch: wan-

Old High German: wan; wana-, wan-

Middle High German: wan; wan-

German: wahn; wahn-

Old Norse: vanr; van-

Icelandic: vanur; van-

Faroese: vanur

Norwegian: van

Swedish: van; van-

Old Danish: van; van-

Danish: van-

→ Kildin Sami: ва̄нас (vānas)

Gothic: 𐍅𐌰𐌽𐍃 (wans)

→ Proto-Samic: *vānē (see there for further descendants)

From Proto-Indo-European *h₁weh₂-. Cognate with Latin vānus, Sanskrit ऊन (ūná).


wanaz

*wanaz (a-stem)

Old Norse: vanr

Icelandic: vanur

Faroese: vanur

Norwegian: van

Swedish: van

Old Danish: van

From *wonh₁-os, from Proto-Indo-European *wenh₁-.


strinô

strinô (nominative singular)
strinaniz (nominative plural)
strinô (singular vocative)
strinaniz (plural vocative)
strinanų (accusative singular)
strinanunz (accusative plural)
strininiz (genitive singular)
strinanǫ̂ (genitive plural)
strinini (dative singular)
strinammaz (dative plural)
strininē (instrumental singular)
strinammiz (instrumental plural)

Proto-West Germanic: *strenō
Old Dutch: *streno
Middle Dutch: strēne
Dutch: streen
Old High German: streno
Middle High German: strëne, strën
German: Strähne
→ Old French: *estren, estran
→ Middle English: *stran
Scots: stran, strawn
English: strand

Old Norse: *strena

Swedish: strena (dialectal)

From Proto-Indo-European *strēy-, *ster- (“strip, line, streak, ray, stripe, row”).