gadraganą

gadragō (active first-person indicative singular)
gadragaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
gadragai (first-person indicative passive singular)
gadragizi (active indicative second-person singular)
gadragaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
gadrag (active imperative second-person singular)
gadragazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
gadragaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
gadragidi (active indicative singular third-person)
gadragai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
gadragadau (active imperative singular third-person)
gadragadai (indicative passive singular third-person)
gadragaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
gadragōz (active dual first-person indicative)
gadragaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
gadragadiz (active dual indicative second-person)
gadragaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
gadragadiz (active dual imperative second-person)
gadragamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
gadragaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
gadragandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
gadragaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
gadragid (active indicative plural second-person)
gadragaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
gadragid (active imperative plural second-person)
gadragandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
gadragaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
gadragandi (active indicative plural third-person)
gadragain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
gadragandau (active imperative plural third-person)
gadragandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
gadragaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
gadrōg (active first-person indicative singular)
gadrōgį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
gadrōht (active indicative second-person singular)
gadrōgīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
gadrōg (active indicative singular third-person)
gadrōgī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
gadrōgū (active dual first-person indicative)
gadrōgīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
gadrōgudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
gadrōgīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
gadrōgum (active first-person indicative plural)
gadrōgīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
gadrōgud (active indicative plural second-person)
gadrōgīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
gadrōgun (active indicative plural third-person)
gadrōgīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
gadragandz (active participle present)
gadraganaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Old Saxon: gidragan

Middle Low German: gedregen

Old High German: *gitragan

Middle High German: getragen

Gothic: 𐌲𐌰𐌳𐍂𐌰𐌲𐌰𐌽 (gadragan)

/ɣɑ.ˈdrɑ.ɣɑ.nɑ̃/

to draw together, bring together; to accumulate


anabeudaną

anabeudō (active first-person indicative singular)
anabeudaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
anabeudai (first-person indicative passive singular)
anabiudizi (active indicative second-person singular)
anabeudaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
anabeud (active imperative second-person singular)
anabeudazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
anabeudaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
anabiudidi (active indicative singular third-person)
anabeudai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
anabeudadau (active imperative singular third-person)
anabeudadai (indicative passive singular third-person)
anabeudaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
anabeudōz (active dual first-person indicative)
anabeudaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
anabeudadiz (active dual indicative second-person)
anabeudaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
anabeudadiz (active dual imperative second-person)
anabeudamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
anabeudaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
anabeudandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
anabeudaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
anabiudid (active indicative plural second-person)
anabeudaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
anabiudid (active imperative plural second-person)
anabeudandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
anabeudaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
anabeudandi (active indicative plural third-person)
anabeudain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
anabeudandau (active imperative plural third-person)
anabeudandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
anabeudaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
anabaud (active first-person indicative singular)
anabudį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
anabaust (active indicative second-person singular)
anabudīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
anabaud (active indicative singular third-person)
anabudī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
anabudū (active dual first-person indicative)
anabudīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
anabududiz (active dual indicative second-person)
anabudīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
anabudum (active first-person indicative plural)
anabudīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
anabudud (active indicative plural second-person)
anabudīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
anabudun (active indicative plural third-person)
anabudīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
anabeudandz (active participle present)
anabudanaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *anabeudan
Old English: onbēodan
Old Saxon: anbiodan

Gothic: 𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌱𐌹𐌿𐌳𐌰𐌽 (anabiudan)


jahw

Old English: ġe

Middle English: gea, ȝe, ye, ȝa, ȝi

Old Saxon: ja, gia, gi, ge; jak

Old Dutch: joh

Old High German: ja; joch

Middle High German: joch

German: joch (obsolete)

Early Old Norse: *jah (Runic form dubious)

→ Southern Sami: jah

→ Ume Sami: jah

Gothic: 𐌾𐌰𐌷 (jah)

Vandalic: ia

→ Proto-Finnic: *ja (see there for further descendants)


atberaną

atberō (active first-person indicative singular)
atberaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
atberai (first-person indicative passive singular)
atbirizi (active indicative second-person singular)
atberaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
atber (active imperative second-person singular)
atberazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
atberaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
atbiridi (active indicative singular third-person)
atberai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
atberadau (active imperative singular third-person)
atberadai (indicative passive singular third-person)
atberaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
atberōz (active dual first-person indicative)
atberaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
atberadiz (active dual indicative second-person)
atberaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
atberadiz (active dual imperative second-person)
atberamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
atberaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
atberandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
atberaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
atbirid (active indicative plural second-person)
atberaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
atbirid (active imperative plural second-person)
atberandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
atberaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
atberandi (active indicative plural third-person)
atberain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
atberandau (active imperative plural third-person)
atberandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
atberaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
atbar (active first-person indicative singular)
atbērį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
atbart (active indicative second-person singular)
atbērīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
atbar (active indicative singular third-person)
atbērī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
atbērū (active dual first-person indicative)
atbērīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
atbērudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
atbērīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
atbērum (active first-person indicative plural)
atbērīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
atbērud (active indicative plural second-person)
atbērīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
atbērun (active indicative plural third-person)
atbērīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
atberandz (active participle present)
atburanaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *atberan
Old English: ætberan
Middle English: atberen

Old Swedish: atbæra

Gothic: 𐌰𐍄𐌱𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌰𐌽 (atbairan)

PIE word
 *h₂éd
From *at + *beraną.
The formation may be older, as identical constructions are found in other Indo-European languages: compare Proto-Italic *adferō (whence Latin adferō, later afferō), Proto-Celtic *adbereti, Phrygian αββερετ (abberet), Proto-Iranian *ābarati (whence e.g. Younger Avestan 𐬁𐬠𐬀𐬭𐬀𐬌𐬙𐬌 (ābaraⁱti)), Sanskrit आभरति (ābharati).


gerdō

gerdō (nominative singular)
gerdôz (nominative plural)
gerdō (singular vocative)
gerdôz (plural vocative)
gerdǭ (accusative singular)
gerdōz (accusative plural)
gerdōz (genitive singular)
gerdǫ̂ (genitive plural)
gerdōi (dative singular)
gerdōmaz (dative plural)
gerdō (instrumental singular)
gerdōmiz (instrumental plural)

Old Norse: gjǫrð
Icelandic: gjörð
Faroese: gjørð
Norwegian: gjord, (dialectal) gjørd, gjuld, gjard, gjort
Old Swedish: giorþ
Swedish: gjord
Danish: gjord
Norwegian Bokmål: gjord
Gutnish: gjård
→ Middle English: gerth, girth, gyrth
English: girth
Scots: girth

Gothic: 𐌲𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌳𐌰 (gairda)

→ Proto-Samic:

Northern Sami: gierdu

Southern Sami: geartoe


gerdaną

gerdō (active first-person indicative singular)
gerdaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
gerdai (first-person indicative passive singular)
girdizi (active indicative second-person singular)
gerdaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
gerd (active imperative second-person singular)
gerdazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
gerdaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
girdidi (active indicative singular third-person)
gerdai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
gerdadau (active imperative singular third-person)
gerdadai (indicative passive singular third-person)
gerdaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
gerdōz (active dual first-person indicative)
gerdaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
gerdadiz (active dual indicative second-person)
gerdaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
gerdadiz (active dual imperative second-person)
gerdamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
gerdaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
gerdandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
gerdaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
girdid (active indicative plural second-person)
gerdaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
girdid (active imperative plural second-person)
gerdandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
gerdaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
gerdandi (active indicative plural third-person)
gerdain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
gerdandau (active imperative plural third-person)
gerdandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
gerdaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
gard (active first-person indicative singular)
gurdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
garst (active indicative second-person singular)
gurdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
gard (active indicative singular third-person)
gurdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
gurdū (active dual first-person indicative)
gurdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
gurdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
gurdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
gurdum (active first-person indicative plural)
gurdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
gurdud (active indicative plural second-person)
gurdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
gurdun (active indicative plural third-person)
gurdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
gerdandz (active participle present)
gurdanaz (active participle past subjunctive)

>? Old Frisian: gerda (may also derive from *gurdijaną)

Old Norse: *gjarða

q

Faroese: gjarða (weak, but may have been strong originally)

Gothic: *𐌲𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌳𐌰𐌽 (*gairdan) (in 𐌱𐌹𐌲𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌳𐌰𐌽 (bigairdan), 𐌿𐍆𐌲𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌳𐌰𐌽 (ufgairdan))


gurdilaz

gurdilaz (nominative singular)
gurdilōz (nominative plural)
gurdilōs (nominative plural)
gurdil (singular vocative)
gurdilōz (plural vocative)
gurdilōs (plural vocative)
gurdilą (accusative singular)
gurdilanz (accusative plural)
gurdilas (genitive singular)
gurdilis (genitive singular)
gurdilǫ̂ (genitive plural)
gurdilai (dative singular)
gurdilamaz (dative plural)
gurdilō (instrumental singular)
gurdilamiz (instrumental plural)

Proto-West Germanic: *gurdil

desctree

Old English: gyrdel
Middle English: gurdel, gerdel, girdel
English: girdle
Scots: gyrdill, girdill

Old Frisian: gerdel

Saterland Frisian: Gäddel

West Frisian: gurdle, gurle, gurl

Old Saxon: gurdil

Middle Low German: gördel, gordel

German Low German: Gördel

Old Dutch: *gurdel

Middle Dutch: gordel

Dutch: gordel

Old High German: gurtil, gurtila
Middle High German: gürtel
German: Gürtel
Luxembourgish: Gierel
Yiddish: גאַרטל (gartl)

Old Norse: gyrðill
Icelandic: gyrðill
Faroese: gyrðil
>? Swedish: gördel (possibly a loan from Low German)
Danish: gjordel, gyrdel, gjortel, gyrtel, gørtel (forms influenced by Low German and Standard German)


gurdijaną

gurdijō (active first-person indicative singular)
gurdijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
gurdijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
gurdīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
gurdijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
gurdī (active imperative second-person singular)
gurdijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
gurdijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
gurdīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
gurdijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
gurdijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
gurdijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
gurdijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
gurdijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
gurdijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
gurdijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
gurdijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
gurdijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
gurdijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
gurdijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
gurdijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
gurdijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
gurdīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
gurdijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
gurdīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
gurdijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
gurdijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
gurdijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
gurdijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
gurdijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
gurdijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
gurdijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
gurdidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
gurdidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
gurdidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
gurdidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
gurdidē (active indicative singular third-person)
gurdidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
gurdidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
gurdidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
gurdidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
gurdidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
gurdidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
gurdidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
gurdidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
gurdidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
gurdidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
gurdidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
gurdijandz (active participle present)
gurdidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *gurdijan
Old English: gyrdan, girdan
Middle English: gurden, gyrden, girden
English: gird
Scots: gyrd, gird
Old Frisian: *gerda, *gurdia
West Frisian: gurdzja
Old Saxon: gurdian, gurdan
Middle Low German: gorden
Low German: gorren
Old Dutch: gurden
Middle Dutch: gorden
Dutch: gorden
Afrikaans: gord
Old High German: gurten
Middle High German: gurten, gürten
German: gürten

Old Norse: gyrða
Faroese: gyrða
Norwegian Nynorsk: gyrda, gjorda, jula
Norwegian Bokmål: gyrde, gjorde, jule
Old Swedish: giurþa, giorþa
Swedish: gjorda (obsolete)
Danish: gjorde

Zero-grade ye-present, pre-Germanic *gʰr̥dʰye/o-, from the root of *gerdaną, from Proto-Indo-European *gʰerdʰ-.


weladēdiz

weladēdiz (nominative singular)
weladēdīz (nominative plural)
weladēdi (singular vocative)
weladēdīz (plural vocative)
weladēdį (accusative singular)
weladēdinz (accusative plural)
weladēdīz (genitive singular)
weladēdijǫ̂ (genitive plural)
weladēdī (dative singular)
weladēdimaz (dative plural)
weladēdī (instrumental singular)
weladēdimiz (instrumental plural)

Old English: weldǣd

Middle English: weldede

Old Frisian: weldēde

Old Dutch: weladāt

Middle Dutch: weldaet

Dutch: weldaad

Afrikaans: weldaad

Old High German: wolatāt

Middle High German: woltāt

German: Wohltat

Gothic: 𐍅𐌰𐌹𐌻𐌰𐌳𐌴𐌸𐍃 (wailadēþs)


samalīkaz

*samalīkaz (a-stem)

samalīkaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
samalīkai (masculine nominative plural strong)
samalīkō (feminine nominative singular strong)
samalīkôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
samalīką (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
samalīkō (neuter nominative plural strong)
samalīkanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
samalīkanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
samalīkǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
samalīkōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
samalīką (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
samalīkō (accusative neuter plural strong)
samalīkas (genitive masculine singular strong)
-is (genitive masculine singular strong)
samalīkaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
samalīkaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
samalīkaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
samalīkas (genitive neuter singular strong)
-is (genitive neuter singular strong)
samalīkaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
samalīkammai (dative masculine singular strong)
samalīkaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
samalīkaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
samalīkaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
samalīkammai (dative neuter singular strong)
samalīkaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
samalīkanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
samalīkaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
samalīkaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
samalīkaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
samalīkanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
samalīkaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
samalīkô (masculine nominative singular weak)
samalīkaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
samalīkǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
samalīkōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
samalīkô (neuter nominative singular weak)
samalīkōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
samalīkanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
samalīkanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
samalīkōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
samalīkōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
samalīkô (accusative neuter singular weak)
samalīkōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
samalīkiniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
samalīkanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
samalīkōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
samalīkōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
samalīkiniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
samalīkanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
samalīkini (dative masculine singular weak)
samalīkammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
samalīkōni (dative feminine singular weak)
samalīkōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
samalīkini (dative neuter singular weak)
samalīkammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
samalīkinē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
samalīkammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
samalīkōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
samalīkōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
samalīkinē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
samalīkammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

Old Frisian: samlik

Old High German: samalīh

Middle High German: samelich

Old Norse: samlíkr

Icelandic: samlíkur

Old Swedish: samlīker

Gothic: 𐍃𐌰𐌼𐌰𐌻𐌴𐌹𐌺𐍃 (samaleiks)


strībaną

strībō (active first-person indicative singular)
strībaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
strībai (first-person indicative passive singular)
strībizi (active indicative second-person singular)
strībaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
strīb (active imperative second-person singular)
strībazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
strībaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
strībidi (active indicative singular third-person)
strībai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
strībadau (active imperative singular third-person)
strībadai (indicative passive singular third-person)
strībaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
strībōz (active dual first-person indicative)
strībaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
strībadiz (active dual indicative second-person)
strībaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
strībadiz (active dual imperative second-person)
strībamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
strībaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
strībandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
strībaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
strībid (active indicative plural second-person)
strībaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
strībid (active imperative plural second-person)
strībandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
strībaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
strībandi (active indicative plural third-person)
strībain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
strībandau (active imperative plural third-person)
strībandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
strībaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
straib (active first-person indicative singular)
stribį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
straift (active indicative second-person singular)
stribīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
straib (active indicative singular third-person)
stribī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
stribū (active dual first-person indicative)
stribīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
stribudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
stribīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
stribum (active first-person indicative plural)
stribīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
stribud (active indicative plural second-person)
stribīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
stribun (active indicative plural third-person)
stribīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
strībandz (active participle present)
stribanaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *strīban
Old Dutch: *strīvan
Middle Dutch: *striven
Dutch: strijven
Old High German: *strīban
Middle High German: strīben
→ Old French: estriver
French: étriver
→ Middle English: striven, strive, striwen, strife, striffe
English: strive
Yola: streu (preterite)

From Proto-Indo-European *streybʰ- (“to be stiff”), from *ster- (“rigid; stiff”).


stuldiz

stuldiz (nominative singular)
stuldīz (nominative plural)
stuldi (singular vocative)
stuldīz (plural vocative)
stuldį (accusative singular)
stuldinz (accusative plural)
stuldīz (genitive singular)
stuldijǫ̂ (genitive plural)
stuldī (dative singular)
stuldimaz (dative plural)
stuldī (instrumental singular)
stuldimiz (instrumental plural)

Old Norse: stuldr

Icelandic: stuldur

Old Swedish: styld f

Swedish: stöld

(North Germanic) stealth, going stealthily


þīdaz

*þīdaz (a-stem)

þīdaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
þīdai (masculine nominative plural strong)
þīdō (feminine nominative singular strong)
þīdôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
þīdą (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
þīdō (neuter nominative plural strong)
þīdanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
þīdanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
þīdǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
þīdōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
þīdą (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
þīdō (accusative neuter plural strong)
þīdas (genitive masculine singular strong)
-is (genitive masculine singular strong)
þīdaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
þīdaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
þīdaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
þīdas (genitive neuter singular strong)
-is (genitive neuter singular strong)
þīdaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
þīdammai (dative masculine singular strong)
þīdaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
þīdaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
þīdaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
þīdammai (dative neuter singular strong)
þīdaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
þīdanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
þīdaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
þīdaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
þīdaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
þīdanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
þīdaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
þīdô (masculine nominative singular weak)
þīdaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
þīdǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
þīdōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
þīdô (neuter nominative singular weak)
þīdōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
þīdanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
þīdanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
þīdōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
þīdōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
þīdô (accusative neuter singular weak)
þīdōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
þīdiniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
þīdanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
þīdōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
þīdōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
þīdiniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
þīdanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
þīdini (dative masculine singular weak)
þīdammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
þīdōni (dative feminine singular weak)
þīdōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
þīdini (dative neuter singular weak)
þīdammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
þīdinē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
þīdammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
þīdōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
þīdōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
þīdinē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
þīdammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

Old Norse: þíðr

From Pre-Germanic *tih₁tós, the original, nasal-less past participle to *þīnaną (“to become moist”).


lugô

lugô (nominative singular)
luganiz (nominative plural)
lugô (singular vocative)
luganiz (plural vocative)
luganų (accusative singular)
luganunz (accusative plural)
luginiz (genitive singular)
luganǫ̂ (genitive plural)
lugini (dative singular)
lugammaz (dative plural)
luginē (instrumental singular)
lugammiz (instrumental plural)

Proto-West Germanic: *logō;

Old English: loga; wǣrloga; þēodloga

Middle English: warloȝe, warloghe

desc

Scots: warloche, warlok, warlocke, warlo, warluck

English: warlock

Old Saxon: logo; wārlogo

Old Norse: *logi; þinglogi

From Proto-Indo-European *lewgʰ- (“to lie, tell a lie”).

der

one who breaks (an agreement, a covenant, an engagement, etc.)


lugô

desctree

Old Norse: logi
Icelandic: logi
Faroese: logi
Norwegian Nynorsk: loge
Old Swedish: loghi, lughi
Swedish: låge, låga
Danish: lue
Norwegian Bokmål: lue
→ Norwegian Nynorsk: lue
→ Middle English: lowe
English: low
Scots: low

From Proto-Indo-European *lewk- (“bright, to shine, to see”).


rekaną

rekō (active first-person indicative singular)
rekaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
rekai (first-person indicative passive singular)
rikizi (active indicative second-person singular)
rekaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
rek (active imperative second-person singular)
rekazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
rekaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
rikidi (active indicative singular third-person)
rekai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
rekadau (active imperative singular third-person)
rekadai (indicative passive singular third-person)
rekaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
rekōz (active dual first-person indicative)
rekaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
rekadiz (active dual indicative second-person)
rekaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
rekadiz (active dual imperative second-person)
rekamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
rekaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
rekandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
rekaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
rikid (active indicative plural second-person)
rekaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
rikid (active imperative plural second-person)
rekandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
rekaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
rekandi (active indicative plural third-person)
rekain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
rekandau (active imperative plural third-person)
rekandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
rekaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
rak (active first-person indicative singular)
rēkį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
raht (active indicative second-person singular)
rēkīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
rak (active indicative singular third-person)
rēkī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
rēkū (active dual first-person indicative)
rēkīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
rēkudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
rēkīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
rēkum (active first-person indicative plural)
rēkīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
rēkud (active indicative plural second-person)
rēkīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
rēkun (active indicative plural third-person)
rēkīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
rekandz (active participle present)
rekanaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *rekan
Old English: recan
Middle English: reken
English: reke (dialectal)
Scots: reke, reik
Old Frisian: reka
Old Saxon: *rekan
Middle Low German: rēken
German Low German: reken
Old Dutch: *recan
Middle Dutch: rēken, reecken
Dutch: reken
Old High German: rehhan
Middle High German: rechen
Cimbrian: rechan
German: rechen

Old Norse:

Old Danish: rag

Gothic: 𐍂𐌹𐌺𐌰𐌽 (rikan)
→ Italian: recare


witją

witją (nominative singular)
witjō (nominative plural)
witją (singular vocative)
witjō (plural vocative)
witją (accusative singular)
witjō (accusative plural)
witjas (genitive singular)
witis (genitive singular)
witjǫ̂ (genitive plural)
witjai (dative singular)
witjamaz (dative plural)
witjō (instrumental singular)
witjamiz (instrumental plural)

Proto-West Germanic: *witi
Old English: witt
Middle English: witt, witte, wit, wyt
Scots: quyt, wit, wyt
English: wit
Old Frisian: witt, wit
Old Saxon: *witt, *wit (in compounds)
Middle Low German: wit, wite, wete
German Low German: Weet
Old Dutch: *witti
Middle Dutch: witte, wit, wet
Dutch: wit
Old High German: wizzi
Middle High German: witze
German: Witz
→ Bulgarian: виц (vic)
→ Danish: vits
→ Finnish: vitsi
→ Hungarian: vicc
→ Low German: Witz
→ Macedonian: виц (vic)
→ Norwegian: vits
→ Saterland Frisian: Wits
→ Serbo-Croatian: vic
→ Polish: wic
→ Silesian: wic
→ Slovene: vic
→ Swedish: vits
→ Ukrainian: віц (vic)
Hunsrik: Witz
Luxembourgish: Witz
Yiddish: וויץ (vits)

Gothic: *𐍅𐌹𐍄𐌹 (*witi) (attested in 𐌿𐌽𐍅𐌹𐍄𐌹 (unwiti))

Vandalic: *wit, *witV-

From Proto-Indo-European *weyd- (“to know”).


weralīkaz

*weralīkaz (a-stem)

weralīkaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
weralīkai (masculine nominative plural strong)
weralīkō (feminine nominative singular strong)
weralīkôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
weralīką (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
weralīkō (neuter nominative plural strong)
weralīkanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
weralīkanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
weralīkǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
weralīkōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
weralīką (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
weralīkō (accusative neuter plural strong)
weralīkas (genitive masculine singular strong)
-is (genitive masculine singular strong)
weralīkaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
weralīkaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
weralīkaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
weralīkas (genitive neuter singular strong)
-is (genitive neuter singular strong)
weralīkaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
weralīkammai (dative masculine singular strong)
weralīkaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
weralīkaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
weralīkaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
weralīkammai (dative neuter singular strong)
weralīkaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
weralīkanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
weralīkaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
weralīkaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
weralīkaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
weralīkanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
weralīkaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
weralīkô (masculine nominative singular weak)
weralīkaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
weralīkǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
weralīkōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
weralīkô (neuter nominative singular weak)
weralīkōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
weralīkanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
weralīkanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
weralīkōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
weralīkōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
weralīkô (accusative neuter singular weak)
weralīkōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
weralīkiniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
weralīkanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
weralīkōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
weralīkōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
weralīkiniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
weralīkanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
weralīkini (dative masculine singular weak)
weralīkammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
weralīkōni (dative feminine singular weak)
weralīkōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
weralīkini (dative neuter singular weak)
weralīkammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
weralīkinē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
weralīkammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
weralīkōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
weralīkōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
weralīkinē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
weralīkammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

Old English: werlīċ

Gothic: 𐍅𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌰𐌻𐌴𐌹𐌺𐍃 (wairaleiks), indirectly attested in 𐍅𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌰𐌻𐌴𐌹𐌺𐍉 (wairaleikō)


gurą

gurą (nominative singular)
gurō (nominative plural)
gurą (singular vocative)
gurō (plural vocative)
gurą (accusative singular)
gurō (accusative plural)
guras (genitive singular)
guris (genitive singular)
gurǫ̂ (genitive plural)
gurai (dative singular)
guramaz (dative plural)
gurō (instrumental singular)
guramiz (instrumental plural)

Proto-West Germanic: *gor

Old English: gor; (gyr, gyre, gyra, gyru)

Middle English: gor, gorre, gore; (güre, girre, gire)

Scots: goor, gure

English: gore

(Old Frisian: gēre, iēre, jēre)

(Saterland Frisian: Jirre)

(West Frisian: jarre)

Old Saxon: *gor; (*goru)

Middle Low German: gore; gore, gorre

Old Dutch: gor (in placenames); (*gori (adjective))

Middle Dutch: ghoor, goor; (goor, gore; gier, ghier (adjective))

(Dutch: goor); (gier)

Afrikaans: goor

Old High German: gor; (gurigabala)

Middle High German: gor

German: Gur, Guhr (archaic, dialectal)

Old Norse: gor; (gjǫr ←*gerva-)

Icelandic: gor; gjör

Faroese: gor

Norwegian: gor

Swedish: gorr, går

Gothenburghian gör

Old Danish: gor

→? Proto-Finnic: *kura (“dirt, mud”)

Estonian: kura

Finnish: kura

From Proto-Indo-European *gʷʰer- (“warm; hot”).


wōpaz

wōpaz (nominative singular)
wōpōz (nominative plural)
wōpōs (nominative plural)
wōp (singular vocative)
wōpōz (plural vocative)
wōpōs (plural vocative)
wōpą (accusative singular)
wōpanz (accusative plural)
wōpas (genitive singular)
wōpis (genitive singular)
wōpǫ̂ (genitive plural)
wōpai (dative singular)
wōpamaz (dative plural)
wōpō (instrumental singular)
wōpamiz (instrumental plural)

Proto-West Germanic: *wōp

Old English: wōp

Middle English: wop

English: woop, whoop (partially)

Old Saxon: wōp

Old Dutch: wuop

Old High German: wuof

Middle High German: wuof

Old Norse: óp

Icelandic: óp

Old Swedish: ōp

From Pre-Germanic *w(e/o)h₂b-os. Related to Proto-Slavic *vabiti (“to lure”).


anstīgaz

*anstīgaz (a-stem)

anstīgaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
anstīgai (masculine nominative plural strong)
anstīgō (feminine nominative singular strong)
anstīgôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
anstīgą (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
anstīgō (neuter nominative plural strong)
anstīganǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
anstīganz (accusative masculine plural strong)
anstīgǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
anstīgōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
anstīgą (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
anstīgō (accusative neuter plural strong)
anstīgas (genitive masculine singular strong)
-is (genitive masculine singular strong)
anstīgaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
anstīgaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
anstīgaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
anstīgas (genitive neuter singular strong)
-is (genitive neuter singular strong)
anstīgaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
anstīgammai (dative masculine singular strong)
anstīgaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
anstīgaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
anstīgaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
anstīgammai (dative neuter singular strong)
anstīgaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
anstīganō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
anstīgaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
anstīgaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
anstīgaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
anstīganō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
anstīgaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
anstīgô (masculine nominative singular weak)
anstīganiz (masculine nominative plural weak)
anstīgǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
anstīgōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
anstīgô (neuter nominative singular weak)
anstīgōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
anstīganų (accusative masculine singular weak)
anstīganunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
anstīgōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
anstīgōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
anstīgô (accusative neuter singular weak)
anstīgōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
anstīginiz (genitive masculine singular weak)
anstīganǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
anstīgōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
anstīgōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
anstīginiz (genitive neuter singular weak)
anstīganǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
anstīgini (dative masculine singular weak)
anstīgammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
anstīgōni (dative feminine singular weak)
anstīgōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
anstīgini (dative neuter singular weak)
anstīgammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
anstīginē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
anstīgammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
anstīgōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
anstīgōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
anstīginē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
anstīgammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

Old English: ēstig

Old High German: *enstīg

Middle High German: enstec

Old Norse: ástigr

Icelandic: ástugur

Gothic: 𐌰𐌽𐍃𐍄𐌴𐌹𐌲𐍃 (ansteigs)


andabindaną

andabindō (active first-person indicative singular)
andabindaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
andabindai (first-person indicative passive singular)
andabindizi (active indicative second-person singular)
andabindaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
andabind (active imperative second-person singular)
andabindazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
andabindaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
andabindidi (active indicative singular third-person)
andabindai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
andabindadau (active imperative singular third-person)
andabindadai (indicative passive singular third-person)
andabindaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
andabindōz (active dual first-person indicative)
andabindaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
andabindadiz (active dual indicative second-person)
andabindaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
andabindadiz (active dual imperative second-person)
andabindamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
andabindaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
andabindandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
andabindaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
andabindid (active indicative plural second-person)
andabindaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
andabindid (active imperative plural second-person)
andabindandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
andabindaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
andabindandi (active indicative plural third-person)
andabindain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
andabindandau (active imperative plural third-person)
andabindandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
andabindaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
andaband (active first-person indicative singular)
andabundį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
andabanst (active indicative second-person singular)
andabundīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
andaband (active indicative singular third-person)
andabundī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
andabundū (active dual first-person indicative)
andabundīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
andabundudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
andabundīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
andabundum (active first-person indicative plural)
andabundīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
andabundud (active indicative plural second-person)
andabundīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
andabundun (active indicative plural third-person)
andabundīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
andabindandz (active participle present)
andabundanaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *andabindan

Old English: onbindan, unbindan

Middle English: unbinden, unbynden

English: unbind

Scots: unbynd, unbind

Old Frisian: andbinda, undbinda

Saterland Frisian: äntbiende

West Frisian: ûntbine

Old Saxon: andbindan, antbindan

Middle Low German: untbinden, entbinden

German Low German: entbinden, entbinnen

Old Dutch: antbindan

Middle Dutch: ontbinden

Dutch: ontbinden

Old High German: intbintan

Middle High German: enbinden, entbinden

German: entbinden

Luxembourgish: entbannen

Gothic: 𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌱𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌽 (andbindan)


wōsą

wōsą (nominative singular)
wōsō (nominative plural)
wōsą (singular vocative)
wōsō (plural vocative)
wōsą (accusative singular)
wōsō (accusative plural)
wōsas (genitive singular)
wōsis (genitive singular)
wōsǫ̂ (genitive plural)
wōsai (dative singular)
wōsamaz (dative plural)
wōsō (instrumental singular)
wōsamiz (instrumental plural)

Old English: wōs

Middle English: wos, woos

English: ooze

Scots: woose, wuss

⇒ Middle English: *wosy

English: woosy

Old Saxon: *wōs

Middle Low German: wôs, wose

Low German: woos

Old Norse: *ós

Danish: os

Norwegian: os (dialectal)

Old Swedish: ōs

Swedish: os

From Proto-Indo-European *wóseh₂ (“sap”). Cognate with Sanskrit वसा (vásā).


stammijaną

stammijō (active first-person indicative singular)
stammijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
stammijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
stammīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
stammijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
stammī (active imperative second-person singular)
stammijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
stammijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
stammīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
stammijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
stammijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
stammijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
stammijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
stammijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
stammijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
stammijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
stammijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
stammijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
stammijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
stammijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
stammijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
stammijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
stammīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
stammijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
stammīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
stammijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
stammijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
stammijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
stammijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
stammijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
stammijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
stammijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
stammidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
stammidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
stammidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
stammidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
stammidē (active indicative singular third-person)
stammidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
stammidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
stammidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
stammidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
stammidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
stammidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
stammidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
stammidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
stammidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
stammidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
stammidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
stammijandz (active participle present)
stammidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *stammijan
Old English: *stemman
Middle English: stemmen
English: stem
⇒ Old English: forstemman
Old Saxon: *stemmian
Middle Low German: stemmen
Old Dutch: *stemmen
Middle Dutch: stemmen
Dutch: stemmen
Old High German: *stemmen
Middle High German: stemmen
German: stemmen

Old Norse: stemma

Icelandic: stemma

Faroese: stemma

Old Swedish: stæmma

Swedish: stämma

Old Danish: stæmmæ

Danish: stæmme, stemme

The causative to an unattested strong verb *stimmaną, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *stem (“to stutter, push”), also Latvian stumt (“to pull, push”).


uzhaitaną

uzhaitō (active first-person indicative singular)
uzhaitaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
uzhaitai (first-person indicative passive singular)
uzhaitizi (active indicative second-person singular)
uzhaitaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
uzhait (active imperative second-person singular)
uzhaitazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
uzhaitaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
uzhaitidi (active indicative singular third-person)
uzhaitai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
uzhaitadau (active imperative singular third-person)
uzhaitadai (indicative passive singular third-person)
uzhaitaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
uzhaitōz (active dual first-person indicative)
uzhaitaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
uzhaitadiz (active dual indicative second-person)
uzhaitaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
uzhaitadiz (active dual imperative second-person)
uzhaitamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
uzhaitaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
uzhaitandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
uzhaitaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
uzhaitid (active indicative plural second-person)
uzhaitaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
uzhaitid (active imperative plural second-person)
uzhaitandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
uzhaitaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
uzhaitandi (active indicative plural third-person)
uzhaitain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
uzhaitandau (active imperative plural third-person)
uzhaitandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
uzhaitaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
uzhehait (active first-person indicative singular)
uzhehaitį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
uzhehaist (active indicative second-person singular)
uzhehaitīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
uzhehait (active indicative singular third-person)
uzhehaitī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
uzhehaitū (active dual first-person indicative)
uzhehaitīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
uzhehaitudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
uzhehaitīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
uzhehaitum (active first-person indicative plural)
uzhehaitīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
uzhehaitud (active indicative plural second-person)
uzhehaitīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
uzhehaitun (active indicative plural third-person)
uzhehaitīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
uzhaitandz (active participle present)
uzhaitanaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *uʀhaitan
Old English: āhātan

Gothic: 𐌿𐍃𐌷𐌰𐌹𐍄𐌰𐌽 (ushaitan)


fōgijaną

fōgijō (active first-person indicative singular)
fōgijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
fōgijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
fōgīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
fōgijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
fōgī (active imperative second-person singular)
fōgijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
fōgijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
fōgīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
fōgijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
fōgijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
fōgijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
fōgijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
fōgijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
fōgijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
fōgijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
fōgijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
fōgijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
fōgijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
fōgijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
fōgijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
fōgijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
fōgīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
fōgijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
fōgīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
fōgijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
fōgijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
fōgijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
fōgijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
fōgijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
fōgijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
fōgijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
fōgidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
fōgidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
fōgidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
fōgidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
fōgidē (active indicative singular third-person)
fōgidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
fōgidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
fōgidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
fōgidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
fōgidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
fōgidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
fōgidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
fōgidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
fōgidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
fōgidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
fōgidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
fōgijandz (active participle present)
fōgidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *fōgijan
Old English: fēġan
Middle English: feyen
English: fay
Old Saxon: fōgian
Middle Low German: vȫgen, vôgen
Low German: fögen
→ Old Danish: fø̄ghæ
Danish: føje
→ Old Swedish: fōgha, fø̄ghia
Swedish: foga
Old Dutch: fuogen
Middle Dutch: voegen
Dutch: voegen
Afrikaans: voeg
Limburgish: voge
Old High German: fuogen
Middle High German: vuogen, vüegen
German: fügen

/ˈɸɔː.ɣi.jɑ.nɑ̃/

From Proto-Indo-European *poh₂ḱ-éye-, causative of the root *peh₂ḱ-, which implies an unattested strong *fahaną.


grindaną

grindō (active first-person indicative singular)
grindaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
grindai (first-person indicative passive singular)
grindizi (active indicative second-person singular)
grindaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
grind (active imperative second-person singular)
grindazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
grindaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
grindidi (active indicative singular third-person)
grindai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
grindadau (active imperative singular third-person)
grindadai (indicative passive singular third-person)
grindaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
grindōz (active dual first-person indicative)
grindaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
grindadiz (active dual indicative second-person)
grindaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
grindadiz (active dual imperative second-person)
grindamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
grindaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
grindandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
grindaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
grindid (active indicative plural second-person)
grindaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
grindid (active imperative plural second-person)
grindandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
grindaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
grindandi (active indicative plural third-person)
grindain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
grindandau (active imperative plural third-person)
grindandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
grindaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
grand (active first-person indicative singular)
grundį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
granst (active indicative second-person singular)
grundīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
grand (active indicative singular third-person)
grundī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
grundū (active dual first-person indicative)
grundīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
grundudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
grundīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
grundum (active first-person indicative plural)
grundīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
grundud (active indicative plural second-person)
grundīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
grundun (active indicative plural third-person)
grundīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
grindandz (active participle present)
grundanaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *grindan
Old English: grindan
Middle English: grynden, grinden, grenden
English: grind
Scots: grynde, grynd, grind
Yola: grieend, griende
Old Frisian: *grinda
Saterland Frisian: gríende, griene
Old Saxon: *grindan
Middle Low German: grinden
Old Dutch: *grindan
Middle Dutch: grinden, grenden
Dutch: grinden

From Proto-Indo-European *gʷʰrendʰ- (“to crush; gnash”). Cognate with Latin frendō (“to grind; gnash”).


skiljaną

skiljō (active first-person indicative singular)
skiljaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
skiljai (first-person indicative passive singular)
skilisi (active indicative second-person singular)
skiljais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
skili (active imperative second-person singular)
skiljasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
skiljaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
skiliþi (active indicative singular third-person)
skiljai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
skiljaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
skiljaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
skiljaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
skiljōs (active dual first-person indicative)
skiljaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
skiljaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
skiljaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
skiljaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
skiljamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
skiljaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
skiljanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
skiljainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
skiliþ (active indicative plural second-person)
skiljaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
skiliþ (active imperative plural second-person)
skiljanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
skiljainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
skiljanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
skiljain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
skiljanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
skiljanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
skiljainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
skilidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
skilidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
skilidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
skilidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
skilidē (active indicative singular third-person)
skilidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
skilidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
skilidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
skilidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
skilidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
skilidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
skilidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
skilidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
skilidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
skilidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
skilidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
skiljandz (active participle present)
skilidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Old English: sċiellan

⇒ Old English: āsċiellan, āsċilian

Old Frisian: skilla (“to fight”)

Old Dutch: skillen

Middle Dutch: schillen

Dutch: schillen, schelen

Old Norse: skilja

→ Old English: scielian (partially)

Middle English: skillen

English: skill

Scots: skylle, skill

Icelandic: skilja

Faroese: skilja

Old Swedish: skilia

Swedish: skilja

Old Danish: skilia

Danish: skille

Elfdalian: stjila

Gothic: *𐍃𐌺𐌹𐌻𐌾𐌰𐌽 (*skiljan) (possibly)

⇒ Gothic: 𐍃𐌺𐌹𐌻𐌾𐌰 (skilja)

From Proto-Indo-European *(s)kelH- (“cut, separate”).


hrībaną

hrībō (active first-person indicative singular)
hrībaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
hrībai (first-person indicative passive singular)
hrībizi (active indicative second-person singular)
hrībaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
hrīb (active imperative second-person singular)
hrībazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
hrībaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
hrībidi (active indicative singular third-person)
hrībai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
hrībadau (active imperative singular third-person)
hrībadai (indicative passive singular third-person)
hrībaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
hrībōz (active dual first-person indicative)
hrībaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
hrībadiz (active dual indicative second-person)
hrībaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
hrībadiz (active dual imperative second-person)
hrībamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
hrībaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
hrībandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
hrībaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
hrībid (active indicative plural second-person)
hrībaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
hrībid (active imperative plural second-person)
hrībandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
hrībaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
hrībandi (active indicative plural third-person)
hrībain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
hrībandau (active imperative plural third-person)
hrībandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
hrībaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
hraib (active first-person indicative singular)
hribį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
hraift (active indicative second-person singular)
hribīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
hraib (active indicative singular third-person)
hribī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
hribū (active dual first-person indicative)
hribīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
hribudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
hribīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
hribum (active first-person indicative plural)
hribīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
hribud (active indicative plural second-person)
hribīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
hribun (active indicative plural third-person)
hribīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
hrībandz (active participle present)
hribanaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *hrīban
⇒ Old English: hrīfnian
⇒ Old English: ġehrīfnian
Old Frisian: *hrīva, rīva
North Frisian: riwwe, rewe
Saterland Frisian: rieuwe
⇒ Old Frisian: hrīvia, rīvia
Old Dutch: *rīvan
Middle Dutch: riven
Dutch: rijven

Old Norse: hrífa

Icelandic: hrífa

Faroese: ríva

Norwegian Bokmål: rive

Swedish: riva

From Proto-Indo-European *(s)kreybʰ-. Doublet of *skrībaną.


sinnaną

sinnō (active first-person indicative singular)
sinnaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
sinnai (first-person indicative passive singular)
sinnizi (active indicative second-person singular)
sinnaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
sinn (active imperative second-person singular)
sinnazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
sinnaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
sinnidi (active indicative singular third-person)
sinnai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
sinnadau (active imperative singular third-person)
sinnadai (indicative passive singular third-person)
sinnaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
sinnōz (active dual first-person indicative)
sinnaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
sinnadiz (active dual indicative second-person)
sinnaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
sinnadiz (active dual imperative second-person)
sinnamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
sinnaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
sinnandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
sinnaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
sinnid (active indicative plural second-person)
sinnaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
sinnid (active imperative plural second-person)
sinnandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
sinnaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
sinnandi (active indicative plural third-person)
sinnain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
sinnandau (active imperative plural third-person)
sinnandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
sinnaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
sann (active first-person indicative singular)
sunnį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
sannt (active indicative second-person singular)
sunnīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
sann (active indicative singular third-person)
sunnī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
sunnū (active dual first-person indicative)
sunnīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
sunnudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
sunnīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
sunnum (active first-person indicative plural)
sunnīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
sunnud (active indicative plural second-person)
sunnīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
sunnun (active indicative plural third-person)
sunnīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
sinnandz (active participle present)
sunnanaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *sinnan
Old English: sinnan
Old Frisian: sinna
Saterland Frisian: sinne
West Frisian: sinne
Old Saxon: *sinnan
Middle Low German: sinnen
German Low German: sinnen
→ Old Norse: sinna
Icelandic: sinna
Faroese: sinna
Swedish: sinna
Old Danish: sinde
Old Dutch: *sinnan
Middle Dutch: sinnen
Dutch: zinnen
Old High German: sinnan
Middle High German: sinnen
German: sinnen
→⇒ Old French: *sener (in asener, forsener)
Middle French: assener, forcener
(French: assener, forcener)
→ Italian: senno, assennare

From earlier *sennaną, *senþnaną, from Proto-Indo-European *sent-n-, from *sent- (“to feel”).

to consider, think about; aim, plan, plot


hlūdaz

*hlūdaz (a-stem)

hlūdaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
hlūdai (masculine nominative plural strong)
hlūdō (feminine nominative singular strong)
hlūdôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
hlūdą (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
hlūdō (neuter nominative plural strong)
hlūdanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
hlūdanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
hlūdǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
hlūdōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
hlūdą (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
hlūdō (accusative neuter plural strong)
hlūdas (genitive masculine singular strong)
-is (genitive masculine singular strong)
hlūdaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
hlūdaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
hlūdaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
hlūdas (genitive neuter singular strong)
-is (genitive neuter singular strong)
hlūdaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
hlūdammai (dative masculine singular strong)
hlūdaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
hlūdaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
hlūdaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
hlūdammai (dative neuter singular strong)
hlūdaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
hlūdanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
hlūdaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
hlūdaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
hlūdaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
hlūdanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
hlūdaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
hlūdô (masculine nominative singular weak)
hlūdaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
hlūdǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
hlūdōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
hlūdô (neuter nominative singular weak)
hlūdōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
hlūdanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
hlūdanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
hlūdōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
hlūdōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
hlūdô (accusative neuter singular weak)
hlūdōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
hlūdiniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
hlūdanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
hlūdōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
hlūdōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
hlūdiniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
hlūdanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
hlūdini (dative masculine singular weak)
hlūdammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
hlūdōni (dative feminine singular weak)
hlūdōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
hlūdini (dative neuter singular weak)
hlūdammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
hlūdinē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
hlūdammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
hlūdōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
hlūdōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
hlūdinē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
hlūdammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

Proto-West Germanic: *hlūd
Old English: hlūd
Middle English: loud, loude, lowd, lowde, lud
English: loud
Scots: loud, lood
Old Frisian: hlūd
Saterland Frisian: luud
West Frisian: lûd
Old Saxon: hlūd
Middle Low German: lūt, lūd
German Low German: luud, luut
Low German: luud
Plautdietsch: lud
Old Dutch: lūd
Middle Dutch: luut
Dutch: luid
Limburgish: luud
Old High German: lūt
Middle High German: lūt
German: laut
→ Esperanto: laŭta

From Proto-Indo-European *ḱlutós, from *ḱlew- (“to hear; famous”). The origin of the long vowel is unclear.


gulaz

*gulaz (a-stem)

gulaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
gulai (masculine nominative plural strong)
gulō (feminine nominative singular strong)
gulôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
gulą (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
gulō (neuter nominative plural strong)
gulanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
gulanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
gulǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
gulōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
gulą (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
gulō (accusative neuter plural strong)
gulas (genitive masculine singular strong)
-is (genitive masculine singular strong)
gulaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
gulaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
gulaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
gulas (genitive neuter singular strong)
-is (genitive neuter singular strong)
gulaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
gulammai (dative masculine singular strong)
gulaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
gulaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
gulaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
gulammai (dative neuter singular strong)
gulaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
gulanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
gulaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
gulaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
gulaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
gulanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
gulaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
gulô (masculine nominative singular weak)
gulaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
gulǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
gulōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
gulô (neuter nominative singular weak)
gulōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
gulanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
gulanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
gulōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
gulōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
gulô (accusative neuter singular weak)
gulōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
guliniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
gulanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
gulōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
gulōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
guliniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
gulanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
gulini (dative masculine singular weak)
gulammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
gulōni (dative feminine singular weak)
gulōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
gulini (dative neuter singular weak)
gulammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
gulinē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
gulammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
gulōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
gulōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
gulinē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
gulammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

Old Norse: gulr
Icelandic: gulur
Faroese: gulur
Norwegian Nynorsk: gul, (dialectal) gul’u, gul’e
Norwegian Bokmål: gul
Old Swedish: gul, gol
Swedish: gul, (dialectal) gål
Old Danish: guul
Danish: gul
→ Middle English: gul, gull, gulle, gule, goule, goole
⇒ Scots: golgrav
Yola: ghou


bansaz

bansaz (nominative singular)
bansōz (nominative plural)
bansōs (nominative plural)
bans (singular vocative)
bansōz (plural vocative)
bansōs (plural vocative)
bansą (accusative singular)
bansanz (accusative plural)
bansas (genitive singular)
bansis (genitive singular)
bansǫ̂ (genitive plural)
bansai (dative singular)
bansamaz (dative plural)
bansō (instrumental singular)
bansamiz (instrumental plural)

Proto-West Germanic: *bans

Old English: *bōs

Middle English: bose, boose

Scots: buse, buise, boose

English: boose

⇒ Old English: bōsig, bōsih

Middle English: *boosie, *boosy

English: boosy, boosey

Old Frisian: bōs, boes (in compounds)

Saterland Frisian: Buus

West Frisian: bús

Old Saxon: *bansa, *bōs f

Middle Low German: banse, bôs, bôss

German Low German: Banse

⇒ German Low German: Bansige

→ Dutch: boes

Old High German: *bansa f

Middle High German: banse

German: Banse

Old Norse: báss

Icelandic: bás

Old Swedish: bās m

Swedish: bås n

Danish: bås

Elfdalian: bą̊s

From earlier *bandstaz, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰendʰ- (“to tie; bind”).


kernǭ

kernǭ (nominative singular)
kernōniz (nominative plural)
kernǭ (singular vocative)
kernōniz (plural vocative)
kernōnų (accusative singular)
kernōnunz (accusative plural)
kernōniz (genitive singular)
kernōnǫ̂ (genitive plural)
kernōni (dative singular)
kernōmaz (dative plural)
kernōnē (instrumental singular)
kernōmiz (instrumental plural)

Old Saxon: *kerna

Middle Low German: kerne, karne

Old Dutch: *kerna

Middle Dutch: kerne, kēerne, *karne

Dutch: karn

Old High German: *kerna

Middle High German: kern

German: Kern (regional)

Unknown. Perhaps related to Proto-Germanic *kernô (“seed, germ”), in the sense of "remove or extract the kernel from," which is related to *kurną (“corn, grain”); yet this is disputed.


belganą

belgō (active first-person indicative singular)
belgaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
belgai (first-person indicative passive singular)
bilgizi (active indicative second-person singular)
belgaiz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
belg (active imperative second-person singular)
belgazai (indicative passive second-person singular)
belgaizau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
bilgidi (active indicative singular third-person)
belgai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
belgadau (active imperative singular third-person)
belgadai (indicative passive singular third-person)
belgaidau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
belgōz (active dual first-person indicative)
belgaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
belgadiz (active dual indicative second-person)
belgaidiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
belgadiz (active dual imperative second-person)
belgamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
belgaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
belgandai (first-person indicative passive plural)
belgaindau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
bilgid (active indicative plural second-person)
belgaid (active plural second-person subjunctive)
bilgid (active imperative plural second-person)
belgandai (indicative passive plural second-person)
belgaindau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
belgandi (active indicative plural third-person)
belgain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
belgandau (active imperative plural third-person)
belgandai (indicative passive plural third-person)
belgaindau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
balg (active first-person indicative singular)
bulgį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
balht (active indicative second-person singular)
bulgīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
balg (active indicative singular third-person)
bulgī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
bulgū (active dual first-person indicative)
bulgīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
bulgudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
bulgīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
bulgum (active first-person indicative plural)
bulgīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
bulgud (active indicative plural second-person)
bulgīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
bulgun (active indicative plural third-person)
bulgīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
belgandz (active participle present)
bulganaz (active participle past subjunctive)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *belgan
Old English: belgan
Middle English: *belȝen, bellen
English: bell
Old Frisian: belga
Old Saxon: belgan
Middle Low German: belgen
Low German: belgen
Old Dutch: belgan
Middle Dutch: belgen
Dutch: belgen
Old High German: belgan
Middle High German: bëlgen

Old Norse: bólginn (“swollen”, past participle)
Icelandic: bólginn
Old Swedish: bulghin

From Proto-Indo-European *bʰelǵʰ- (“to swell”).


rībaz

*rībaz (a-stem)

rībaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
rībai (masculine nominative plural strong)
rībō (feminine nominative singular strong)
rībôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
rībą (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
rībō (neuter nominative plural strong)
rībanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
rībanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
rībǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
rībōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
rībą (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
rībō (accusative neuter plural strong)
rības (genitive masculine singular strong)
-is (genitive masculine singular strong)
rībaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
rībaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
rībaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
rības (genitive neuter singular strong)
-is (genitive neuter singular strong)
rībaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
rībammai (dative masculine singular strong)
rībaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
rībaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
rībaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
rībammai (dative neuter singular strong)
rībaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
rībanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
rībaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
rībaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
rībaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
rībanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
rībaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
rībô (masculine nominative singular weak)
rībaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
rībǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
rībōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
rībô (neuter nominative singular weak)
rībōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
rībanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
rībanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
rībōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
rībōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
rībô (accusative neuter singular weak)
rībōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
rībiniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
rībanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
rībōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
rībōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
rībiniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
rībanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
rībini (dative masculine singular weak)
rībammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
rībōni (dative feminine singular weak)
rībōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
rībini (dative neuter singular weak)
rībammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
rībinē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
rībammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
rībōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
rībōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
rībinē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
rībammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

Proto-West Germanic: *rīb

Old English: rīfe, rȳfe

Middle English: rif, rife, rive

Scots: ryf, ryfe, rife

English: rife

→ Anglo-Norman: *rife

Old Frisian: *rīfe

Saterland Frisian: rieuw

West Frisian: rju

Old Saxon: *rīf; *rīfi

Middle Low German: rîve

Low German: rive

Old Dutch: *rīf, *rīfi

Middle Dutch: rive, rijve, rijf; gerive

Dutch: rijf; grif

Old Norse: rífr; rífligr

Icelandic: rífur; ríflegur

Faroese: ríviligur

⇒ Faroese: rívan (adverb)

Norwegian: riv

Old Swedish: rīver

Danish: riv

→? Finnish: reipas

From Proto-Indo-European *h₁reyp- (“to tear, rip”).


uftō

Proto-West Germanic: *oftō

Old English: oft

Middle English: oft, ofte, often

Scots: oft, oftin, aften

English: oft, often

→ Esperanto: ofte

→ Ido: ofte

Old Frisian: ofta, ofte

North Frisian: oft, oftem

Saterland Frisian: oafte

West Frisian: ofte, oft

Old Saxon: ofto, oft

Middle Low German: ofte, oft

Low German: oft

Old Dutch: *ofto

Middle Dutch: ofte, oft

Dutch: oft

Old High German: ofto

Middle High German: ofte, oft

German: oft

Old Norse: opt, oft

Icelandic: oft, ott

Faroese: ofta

Norwegian: ofte

Old Swedish: opta

Swedish: ofta

Danish: ofte

Gothic: 𐌿𐍆𐍄𐌰 (ufta)

Uncertain; according to Kroonen, derived from *ub (“under”).


skundijaną

skundijō (active first-person indicative singular)
skundijaų (active first-person singular subjunctive)
skundijai (first-person indicative passive singular)
skundīsi (active indicative second-person singular)
skundijais (active second-person singular subjunctive)
skundī (active imperative second-person singular)
skundijasai (indicative passive second-person singular)
skundijaisau (passive second-person singular subjunctive)
skundīþi (active indicative singular third-person)
skundijai (active singular subjunctive third-person)
skundijaþau (active imperative singular third-person)
skundijaþai (indicative passive singular third-person)
skundijaiþau (passive singular subjunctive third-person)
skundijōs (active dual first-person indicative)
skundijaiw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
skundijaþiz (active dual indicative second-person)
skundijaiþiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
skundijaþiz (active dual imperative second-person)
skundijamaz (active first-person indicative plural)
skundijaim (active first-person plural subjunctive)
skundijanþai (first-person indicative passive plural)
skundijainþau (first-person passive plural subjunctive)
skundīþ (active indicative plural second-person)
skundijaiþ (active plural second-person subjunctive)
skundīþ (active imperative plural second-person)
skundijanþai (indicative passive plural second-person)
skundijainþau (passive plural second-person subjunctive)
skundijanþi (active indicative plural third-person)
skundijain (active plural subjunctive third-person)
skundijanþau (active imperative plural third-person)
skundijanþai (indicative passive plural third-person)
skundijainþau (passive plural subjunctive third-person)
skundidǭ (active first-person indicative singular)
skundidēdį̄ (active first-person singular subjunctive)
skundidēz (active indicative second-person singular)
skundidēdīz (active second-person singular subjunctive)
skundidē (active indicative singular third-person)
skundidēdī (active singular subjunctive third-person)
skundidēdū (active dual first-person indicative)
skundidēdīw (active dual first-person subjunctive)
skundidēdudiz (active dual indicative second-person)
skundidēdīdiz (active dual second-person subjunctive)
skundidēdum (active first-person indicative plural)
skundidēdīm (active first-person plural subjunctive)
skundidēdud (active indicative plural second-person)
skundidēdīd (active plural second-person subjunctive)
skundidēdun (active indicative plural third-person)
skundidēdīn (active plural subjunctive third-person)
skundijandz (active participle present)
skundidaz (active participle past subjunctive)

Proto-West Germanic: *skundijan

Old English: sċyndan, sċendan

desc

Middle English: shunden, schunten, schounten, shunten

English: shunt

Old Saxon: skundian

Middle Low German: schunden, schünden

Old Dutch: scunden

Old High German: scunten

Middle High German: schunden, schünden

German: schünden (obsolete)

Old Norse: skynda

Icelandic: skynda

Norwegian: skynde

Old Swedish: skynda

Swedish: skynda

Danish: skynde

→ Scots: skint

From Proto-Indo-European *(s)kewt- (“to shake, rattle”).


rindǭ

rindǭ (nominative singular)
rindōniz (nominative plural)
rindǭ (singular vocative)
rindōniz (plural vocative)
rindōnų (accusative singular)
rindōnunz (accusative plural)
rindōniz (genitive singular)
rindōnǫ̂ (genitive plural)
rindōni (dative singular)
rindōmaz (dative plural)
rindōnē (instrumental singular)
rindōmiz (instrumental plural)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *rindā
Old English: rinde
Middle English: rinde
English: rind
Scots: rynd, ryne
Old Saxon: *rinda
Middle Low German: rinde
Old Dutch: *rinda
Middle Dutch: rinde, runde, runne, run
Dutch: rinde, rin, run
Old High German: rinta, *rinda
Middle High German: rinte, rinde
German: Rinde

From Proto-Indo-European *rem- (“to rest, prop up”).

der

rinde

Middle Dutch: rinde, rende, runde, runne


eburaz

eburaz (nominative singular)
eburōz (nominative plural)
eburōs (nominative plural)
ebur (singular vocative)
eburōz (plural vocative)
eburōs (plural vocative)
eburą (accusative singular)
eburanz (accusative plural)
eburas (genitive singular)
eburis (genitive singular)
eburǫ̂ (genitive plural)
eburai (dative singular)
eburamaz (dative plural)
eburō (instrumental singular)
eburamiz (instrumental plural)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *ebur
Old English: eofor, eafor, efor
Middle English: ēver
Old Saxon: ebur
Old Dutch: *evur
Middle Dutch: ēver
Dutch: ever
Old High German: ebur
Middle High German: ëber
German: Eber
Hunsrik: Ewert

Old Norse: jǫfurr
Icelandic: jöfur
→ Swedish: jofur

From Proto-Indo-European *h₁ep-r-. Indo-European cognates include Latin aper, Proto-Slavic *veprь.


swiką

swiką (nominative singular)
swikō (nominative plural)
swiką (singular vocative)
swikō (plural vocative)
swiką (accusative singular)
swikō (accusative plural)
swikas (genitive singular)
swikis (genitive singular)
swikǫ̂ (genitive plural)
swikai (dative singular)
swikamaz (dative plural)
swikō (instrumental singular)
swikamiz (instrumental plural)

Proto-West Germanic: *swik

Old English: swic

Middle English: swic, swik

Scots: swick

Old High German: *swih (in compounds: āswih, biswih)

Middle High German: beswich

Old Norse: svik

Icelandic: svik

Faroese: svik

Norwegian: svik

Old Swedish: svik

Swedish: svek

Old Danish: svigh

Danish: svig

→ Middle Low German: swich, swik, swick

→ Proto-Finnic: *vika
Estonian: viga
Finnish: vika
→ Northern Sami: vihki
Ingrian: vika
Karelian: vika (Northern), viga (Southern)
Livonian: vigā, viga
Livvi: viga
Ludian: viga
Veps: viga
Võro: viga
Votic: vika

→ Proto-Samic: *vëkē
Eastern Samic:
Inari Sami: vahe
Skolt Sami: vââʹǩǩ
Kildin Sami: вагкь (vagk’)

From Proto-Indo-European *sweyg- (“to bend, twist, turn (aside), sway, swerve, dodge”).


tappô

tappô (nominative singular)
tappaniz (nominative plural)
tappô (singular vocative)
tappaniz (plural vocative)
tappanų (accusative singular)
tappanunz (accusative plural)
tappiniz (genitive singular)
tappanǫ̂ (genitive plural)
tappini (dative singular)
tappammaz (dative plural)
tappinē (instrumental singular)
tappammiz (instrumental plural)

Proto-West Germanic: *tappō

Old English: tæppa; (tæppe)

Middle English: tappe

Scots: tapp, tap

English: tap

Old Frisian: *tappa, tap

Saterland Frisian: Tappe

West Frisian: tap, taap

Old Saxon: *tappo

Middle Low German: tappe

German Low German: Tapp

Old Dutch: *tappo

Middle Dutch: tappe, tap

Dutch: tap

→ Old French: tape; tapon, tampon

Middle French: tape; tampon

French: tape; tampon

→ Middle English: tampion

English: tampion, tampon

desctree

→ Italian: tappo
→ Ottoman Turkish: طپه (tıpa, tapa), طاپه (tapa), طپا (tapa)
Turkish: tıpa, tapa
→ Albanian: tapë
→ Armenian: թափա (tʻapʻa)
→ Bulgarian: та́па (tápa)
→ Greek: τάπα (tápa)
→ Macedonian: тапа (tapa)
→ Romanian: tapă

Old High German: zapfo, zapho

→ Italian: zaffo

Middle High German: zapfe

German: Zapfen

Luxembourgish: Zap

Old Norse: tappi

Icelandic: tappi

(Faroese: tappur)

Norwegian: tappe

Swedish: tapp

→ Finnish: tappi

Danish: tap

Gothic: *𐍄𐌰𐍀𐍀𐌰 (*tappa)

→ Galician: tapa, tampa

→ Portuguese: tapa, tampa

→ Spanish: tapa

Suevic: (?)

→ Galician: zapa, zapón, zapar

Of unclear origin; possibly related to Sanskrit दिप् (dip, “to push, strike (variant form of तिप् (tip, “to sprinkle”)”), Ancient Greek δέφω (déphō, “to soften, knead”).

cog

to push, strike (variant form of <i class="Deva mention" lang="sa">तिप्</i> (tip, “to sprinkle”)


līsaz

*līsaz (a-stem)

līsaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
līsai (masculine nominative plural strong)
līsō (feminine nominative singular strong)
līsôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
līsą (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
līsō (neuter nominative plural strong)
līsanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
līsanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
līsǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
līsōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
līsą (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
līsō (accusative neuter plural strong)
līsas (genitive masculine singular strong)
-is (genitive masculine singular strong)
līsaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
līsaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
līsaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
līsas (genitive neuter singular strong)
-is (genitive neuter singular strong)
līsaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
līsammai (dative masculine singular strong)
līsaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
līsaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
līsaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
līsammai (dative neuter singular strong)
līsaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
līsanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
līsaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
līsaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
līsaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
līsanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
līsaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
līsô (masculine nominative singular weak)
līsaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
līsǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
līsōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
līsô (neuter nominative singular weak)
līsōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
līsanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
līsanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
līsōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
līsōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
līsô (accusative neuter singular weak)
līsōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
līsiniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
līsanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
līsōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
līsōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
līsiniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
līsanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
līsini (dative masculine singular weak)
līsammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
līsōni (dative feminine singular weak)
līsōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
līsini (dative neuter singular weak)
līsammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
līsinē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
līsammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
līsōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
līsōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
līsinē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
līsammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

Gothic: *𐌻𐌴𐌹𐍃 (*leis)

Vṛddhi gerundive of *lizaną (“to know, to be familiar with”).

vrd

(East Germanic) knowledgeable, knowing, familiar with


wīgaz

*wīgaz (a-stem)

wīgaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
wīgai (masculine nominative plural strong)
wīgō (feminine nominative singular strong)
wīgôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
wīgą (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
wīgō (neuter nominative plural strong)
wīganǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
wīganz (accusative masculine plural strong)
wīgǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
wīgōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
wīgą (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
wīgō (accusative neuter plural strong)
wīgas (genitive masculine singular strong)
-is (genitive masculine singular strong)
wīgaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
wīgaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
wīgaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
wīgas (genitive neuter singular strong)
-is (genitive neuter singular strong)
wīgaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
wīgammai (dative masculine singular strong)
wīgaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
wīgaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
wīgaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
wīgammai (dative neuter singular strong)
wīgaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
wīganō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
wīgaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
wīgaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
wīgaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
wīganō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
wīgaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
wīgô (masculine nominative singular weak)
wīganiz (masculine nominative plural weak)
wīgǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
wīgōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
wīgô (neuter nominative singular weak)
wīgōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
wīganų (accusative masculine singular weak)
wīganunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
wīgōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
wīgōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
wīgô (accusative neuter singular weak)
wīgōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
wīginiz (genitive masculine singular weak)
wīganǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
wīgōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
wīgōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
wīginiz (genitive neuter singular weak)
wīganǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
wīgini (dative masculine singular weak)
wīgammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
wīgōni (dative feminine singular weak)
wīgōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
wīgini (dative neuter singular weak)
wīgammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
wīginē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
wīgammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
wīgōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
wīgōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
wīginē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
wīgammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

Old Norse: vígr

Old Swedish: vīgher

Swedish: vig

From earlier *wīhaz, vṛddhi gerundive of *wiganą (“to fight, battle”).

(North Germanic) fighting, warlike; able to fight


twīgą

twīgą (nominative singular)
twīgō (nominative plural)
twīgą (singular vocative)
twīgō (plural vocative)
twīgą (accusative singular)
twīgō (accusative plural)
twīgas (genitive singular)
twīgis (genitive singular)
twīgǫ̂ (genitive plural)
twīgai (dative singular)
twīgamaz (dative plural)
twīgō (instrumental singular)
twīgamiz (instrumental plural)

Old English: twig; (twīga); (twigge)

Middle English: twi, twyg, twig; (twigge, twig)

Scots: twigg, tuigg

English: twig

Old Frisian: *twīch

North Frisian: twiig

Saterland Frisian: Twiech

West Frisian: twiich

Old Saxon: *twig, *twīh

Middle Low German: twîch

German Low German: Twieg

Old Dutch: *twig, *twīh

Middle Dutch: twijch

Dutch: twijg

Old High German: zwīg; (zwī)

Middle High German: zwīc; (zwī)

German: Zweig

Luxembourgish: Zwäig

Yiddish: צווײַג (tsvayg)

From Proto-Indo-European *dwigʰo- (“forked branch”), from *dwóh₁ (“two”). Compare Old Church Slavonic двигъ (dvigŭ, “branch”), Albanian degë (“branch”).


hlagulaz

*hlagulaz (a-stem)

hlagulaz (masculine nominative singular strong)
hlagulai (masculine nominative plural strong)
hlagulō (feminine nominative singular strong)
hlagulôz (feminine nominative plural strong)
hlagulą (neuter nominative singular strong)
-atō (neuter nominative singular strong)
hlagulō (neuter nominative plural strong)
hlagulanǭ (accusative masculine singular strong)
hlagulanz (accusative masculine plural strong)
hlagulǭ (accusative feminine singular strong)
hlagulōz (accusative feminine plural strong)
hlagulą (accusative neuter singular strong)
-atō (accusative neuter singular strong)
hlagulō (accusative neuter plural strong)
hlagulas (genitive masculine singular strong)
-is (genitive masculine singular strong)
hlagulaizǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural strong)
hlagulaizōz (feminine genitive singular strong)
hlagulaizǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural strong)
hlagulas (genitive neuter singular strong)
-is (genitive neuter singular strong)
hlagulaizǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural strong)
hlagulammai (dative masculine singular strong)
hlagulaimaz (dative masculine plural strong)
hlagulaizōi (dative feminine singular strong)
hlagulaimaz (dative feminine plural strong)
hlagulammai (dative neuter singular strong)
hlagulaimaz (dative neuter plural strong)
hlagulanō (instrumental masculine singular strong)
hlagulaimiz (instrumental masculine plural strong)
hlagulaizō (feminine instrumental singular strong)
hlagulaimiz (feminine instrumental plural strong)
hlagulanō (instrumental neuter singular strong)
hlagulaimiz (instrumental neuter plural strong)
hlagulô (masculine nominative singular weak)
hlagulaniz (masculine nominative plural weak)
hlagulǭ (feminine nominative singular weak)
hlagulōniz (feminine nominative plural weak)
hlagulô (neuter nominative singular weak)
hlagulōnō (neuter nominative plural weak)
hlagulanų (accusative masculine singular weak)
hlagulanunz (accusative masculine plural weak)
hlagulōnų (accusative feminine singular weak)
hlagulōnunz (accusative feminine plural weak)
hlagulô (accusative neuter singular weak)
hlagulōnō (accusative neuter plural weak)
hlaguliniz (genitive masculine singular weak)
hlagulanǫ̂ (genitive masculine plural weak)
hlagulōniz (feminine genitive singular weak)
hlagulōnǫ̂ (feminine genitive plural weak)
hlaguliniz (genitive neuter singular weak)
hlagulanǫ̂ (genitive neuter plural weak)
hlagulini (dative masculine singular weak)
hlagulammaz (dative masculine plural weak)
hlagulōni (dative feminine singular weak)
hlagulōmaz (dative feminine plural weak)
hlagulini (dative neuter singular weak)
hlagulammaz (dative neuter plural weak)
hlagulinē (instrumental masculine singular weak)
hlagulammiz (instrumental masculine plural weak)
hlagulōnē (feminine instrumental singular weak)
hlagulōmiz (feminine instrumental plural weak)
hlagulinē (instrumental neuter singular weak)
hlagulammiz (instrumental neuter plural weak)

Old English: hlagol


hampą

hampą (nominative singular)
hampō (nominative plural)
hampą (singular vocative)
hampō (plural vocative)
hampą (accusative singular)
hampō (accusative plural)
hampas (genitive singular)
hampis (genitive singular)
hampǫ̂ (genitive plural)
hampai (dative singular)
hampamaz (dative plural)
hampō (instrumental singular)
hampamiz (instrumental plural)

>? Proto-West Germanic: *hap(p) (< *happą)

Old English: ġehæp

Old Norse: happ

Icelandic: happ

Faroese: happ

Norn: happ

→ Middle English: happe, happ

English: hap

From Proto-Indo-European *kob- (“good fortune, prophecy; to bend, bow, fit in, work, succeed”).


aþulingaz

aþulingaz (nominative singular)
aþulingōz (nominative plural)
aþulingōs (nominative plural)
aþuling (singular vocative)
aþulingōz (plural vocative)
aþulingōs (plural vocative)
aþulingą (accusative singular)
aþulinganz (accusative plural)
aþulingas (genitive singular)
aþulingis (genitive singular)
aþulingǫ̂ (genitive plural)
aþulingai (dative singular)
aþulingamaz (dative plural)
aþulingō (instrumental singular)
aþulingamiz (instrumental plural)

desctree

Proto-West Germanic: *aþuling
Old English: æþeling, æðeling — edh spelling, eþeling — Mercian
Middle English: atheling
English: atheling
→? Middle Welsh: edling, edlyg, etling (or from Middle English)
Welsh: edling, edlin
→ English: edling
Old Frisian: etheling, edling
Old Saxon: ethiling
Old Dutch: etheling
Middle Dutch: ēdelinc
Dutch: edeling
Old High German: adaling
→ Latin: adelingus, adalingus

Old Norse: ǫðlingr

Icelandic: öðlingur

Swedish: ädling


bremusī

bremusī (nominative singular)
bremusijôz (nominative plural)
bremusī (singular vocative)
bremusijôz (plural vocative)
bremusijǭ (accusative singular)
bremusijōz (accusative plural)
bremusijōz (genitive singular)
bremusijǫ̂ (genitive plural)
bremusijōi (dative singular)
bremusijōmaz (dative plural)
bremusijō (instrumental singular)
bremusijōmiz (instrumental plural)

Proto-West Germanic: *bremussju

Old English: brimsa, brēosa

Middle English: brimse, brese

English: breeze

Old Saxon: brimissa

Middle Low German: brēmse

German Low German: Bremse, Brems

→ German: Bremse

Old Dutch: *brimissa

Middle Dutch: bremse, breemse

Dutch: brems

Old High German: brimissa, brema

Middle High German: breme

German: Breme (archaic)

Old Norse: brims

Icelandic: brims

Norwegian: brems

Old Swedish: brims, bryms

q

influenced by dialectal <i class="Latn mention" lang="sv">bromma</i> (“to hum”)

Swedish: bröms, broms (influenced by dialectal bromma (“to hum”))

Old Danish: brims, brimse

Danish: brems (now nonstandard), bremse