pahka

pahka (nominative singular)
pahkat (nominative plural)
pahkan (accusative singular)
pahkat (accusative plural)
pahkan (genitive singular)
pahkadën (genitive plural)
pahkoidën (genitive plural)
pahkada (partitive singular)
pahkoida (partitive plural)
pahkassa (inessive singular)
pahkahna (inessive singular)
pahkoissa (inessive plural)
pahkoihna (inessive plural)
pahkasta (elative singular)
pahkoista (elative plural)
pahkahën (illative singular)
pahkoihën (illative plural)
pahkalla (adessive singular)
pahkoilla (adessive plural)
pahkalta (ablative singular)
pahkoilta (ablative plural)
pahkalën (allative singular)
pahkalëk (allative singular)
pahkoilën (allative plural)
pahkoilëk (allative plural)
pahkana (essive singular)
pahkoina (essive plural)
pahkaksi (singular translative)
pahkoiksi (plural translative)
pahkan (instructive singular)
pahkoin (instructive plural)
pahkanëk (comitative singular)
pahkoinëk (comitative plural)
pahkatta (abessive singular)
pahkoitta (abessive plural)

Estonian: pahk

Finnish: pahka

→ Inari Sami: päkki

→ Northern Sami: báhkki

Ingrian: pahka

Karelian: pahka

Livonian: pō’gõz

Livvi: pahku

Ludian: pahk

Veps: pahk

Votic: pahkõ

From earlier *paška, probably through metathesis from Proto-Uralic *pakša.


vaski

vaski (nominative singular)
vaskët (nominative plural)
vaskën (accusative singular)
vaskët (accusative plural)
vaskën (genitive singular)
vaskëdën (genitive plural)
vaskidën (genitive plural)
vaskëda (partitive singular)
vaskida (partitive plural)
vaskëssa (inessive singular)
vaskëhna (inessive singular)
vaskissa (inessive plural)
vaskihna (inessive plural)
vaskësta (elative singular)
vaskista (elative plural)
vaskëhën (illative singular)
vaskihën (illative plural)
vaskëlla (adessive singular)
vaskilla (adessive plural)
vaskëlta (ablative singular)
vaskilta (ablative plural)
vaskëlën (allative singular)
vaskëlëk (allative singular)
vaskilën (allative plural)
vaskilëk (allative plural)
vaskëna (essive singular)
vaskina (essive plural)
vaskëksi (singular translative)
vaskiksi (plural translative)
vaskën (instructive singular)
vaskin (instructive plural)
vaskënëk (comitative singular)
vaskinëk (comitative plural)
vaskëtta (abessive singular)
vaskitta (abessive plural)

Estonian: vask

Finnish: vaski

Ingrian: vaski

→ Votic: vaski

Karelian: vaski

Livonian: vašk

Livvi: vaski

Ludian: vašk

Veps: vask

Võro: vask'

Votic: (Lempola, Mati) vahtši

Krevinian: waske


sarana

Finnish: sarana

Ingrian: sarana

Karelian: šarana

Origin disputed. Two etymologies have been presented, both with phonetic difficulties:
* Akin to Komi-Zyrian дзир (dźir, “hinge”), Udmurt ӟиры (dźiry, “hinge”) and dialectal Hungarian csir (“bolt in a hinge”), thus from Proto-Finno-Ugric.
* By metathesis from earlier *sanara, borrowed from Baltic (compare Lithuanian sąnaras (“hinge”), sąnarys (“joint”)).


nuha

nuha (nominative singular)
nuhat (nominative plural)
nuhan (accusative singular)
nuhat (accusative plural)
nuhan (genitive singular)
nuhadën (genitive plural)
nuhëidën (genitive plural)
nuhada (partitive singular)
nuhëida (partitive plural)
nuhassa (inessive singular)
nuhahna (inessive singular)
nuhëissa (inessive plural)
nuhëihna (inessive plural)
nuhasta (elative singular)
nuhëista (elative plural)
nuhahën (illative singular)
nuhëihën (illative plural)
nuhalla (adessive singular)
nuhëilla (adessive plural)
nuhalta (ablative singular)
nuhëilta (ablative plural)
nuhalën (allative singular)
nuhalëk (allative singular)
nuhëilën (allative plural)
nuhëilëk (allative plural)
nuhana (essive singular)
nuhëina (essive plural)
nuhaksi (singular translative)
nuhëiksi (plural translative)
nuhan (instructive singular)
nuhëin (instructive plural)
nuhanëk (comitative singular)
nuhëinëk (comitative plural)
nuhatta (abessive singular)
nuhëitta (abessive plural)

Estonian: nohu, (dialectal) nohi, nuhu

Finnish: nuha

Võro: nuho, noho

Probably borrowed from Proto-Germanic *snuzaz (whence Swedish snor (“snot”)) or alternatively, from Proto-Germanic *hnuzô (whence Icelandic hnerri (“sneeze”)).


kuru

kuru (nominative singular)
kurut (nominative plural)
kurun (accusative singular)
kurut (accusative plural)
kurun (genitive singular)
kurudën (genitive plural)
kuruidën (genitive plural)
kuruda (partitive singular)
kuruida (partitive plural)
kurussa (inessive singular)
kuruhna (inessive singular)
kuruissa (inessive plural)
kuruihna (inessive plural)
kurusta (elative singular)
kuruista (elative plural)
kuruhën (illative singular)
kuruihën (illative plural)
kurulla (adessive singular)
kuruilla (adessive plural)
kurulta (ablative singular)
kuruilta (ablative plural)
kurulën (allative singular)
kurulëk (allative singular)
kuruilën (allative plural)
kuruilëk (allative plural)
kuruna (essive singular)
kuruina (essive plural)
kuruksi (singular translative)
kuruiksi (plural translative)
kurun (instructive singular)
kuruin (instructive plural)
kurunëk (comitative singular)
kuruinëk (comitative plural)
kurutta (abessive singular)
kuruitta (abessive plural)

Estonian: kuru

Finnish: kuru

Võro: kuru

→ Proto-Samic: *kurë (see there for further descendants)

→ Russian: курья (kurʹja)

From earlier *kuri + *-u, from Proto-Finno-Ugric *kure.


tarkka

tarkka (nominative singular)
tark'at (nominative plural)
tark'an (accusative singular)
tark'at (accusative plural)
tark'an (genitive singular)
tarkkadën (genitive plural)
tarkkoidën (genitive plural)
tarkkada (partitive singular)
tarkkoida (partitive plural)
tark'assa (inessive singular)
tark'ahna (inessive singular)
tark'oissa (inessive plural)
tark'oihna (inessive plural)
tark'asta (elative singular)
tark'oista (elative plural)
tarkkahën (illative singular)
tarkkoihën (illative plural)
tark'alla (adessive singular)
tark'oilla (adessive plural)
tark'alta (ablative singular)
tark'oilta (ablative plural)
tarkkalën (allative singular)
tarkkalëk (allative singular)
tarkkoilën (allative plural)
tarkkoilëk (allative plural)
tarkkana (essive singular)
tarkkoina (essive plural)
tark'aksi (singular translative)
tark'oiksi (plural translative)
tark'an (instructive singular)
tark'oin (instructive plural)
tarkkanëk (comitative singular)
tarkkoinëk (comitative plural)
tark'atta (abessive singular)
tark'oitta (abessive plural)

Estonian: tark

Finnish: tarkka

Ingrian: tarkka

Karelian: tarkka

Livvi: tarku

Ludian: tark

Veps: tark

Võro: tark

Votic: tarkkõ

Original sense "sharp". Has the variant *tarkëda, *tärkedä. If related to Erzya тарка (tarka, “place”) and Erzya тарго (targo, “week”), possibly from Proto-Finno-Permic *tarka, but this is uncertain due to the semantic gap. Has also been compared with Proto-Germanic *starkuz, but the semantic and phonetic differences seem insuperable.


mala

mala (nominative singular)
malat (nominative plural)
malan (accusative singular)
malat (accusative plural)
malan (genitive singular)
maladën (genitive plural)
maloidën (genitive plural)
malada (partitive singular)
maloida (partitive plural)
malassa (inessive singular)
malahna (inessive singular)
maloissa (inessive plural)
maloihna (inessive plural)
malasta (elative singular)
maloista (elative plural)
malahën (illative singular)
maloihën (illative plural)
malalla (adessive singular)
maloilla (adessive plural)
malalta (ablative singular)
maloilta (ablative plural)
malalën (allative singular)
malalëk (allative singular)
maloilën (allative plural)
maloilëk (allative plural)
malana (essive singular)
maloina (essive plural)
malaksi (singular translative)
maloiksi (plural translative)
malan (instructive singular)
maloin (instructive plural)
malanëk (comitative singular)
maloinëk (comitative plural)
malatta (abessive singular)
maloitta (abessive plural)

Estonian: (obsolete?) mala

Finnish: (dialectal) malo

Karelian:

North Karelian: malo

Borrowed from Proto-Baltic [Term?] (whence Latvian mala, Lithuanian mala).


poski

poski (nominative singular)
poskët (nominative plural)
poskën (accusative singular)
poskët (accusative plural)
poskën (genitive singular)
poskëdën (genitive plural)
poskidën (genitive plural)
poskëda (partitive singular)
poskida (partitive plural)
poskëssa (inessive singular)
poskëhna (inessive singular)
poskissa (inessive plural)
poskihna (inessive plural)
poskësta (elative singular)
poskista (elative plural)
poskëhën (illative singular)
poskihën (illative plural)
poskëlla (adessive singular)
poskilla (adessive plural)
poskëlta (ablative singular)
poskilta (ablative plural)
poskëlën (allative singular)
poskëlëk (allative singular)
poskilën (allative plural)
poskilëk (allative plural)
poskëna (essive singular)
poskina (essive plural)
poskëksi (singular translative)
poskiksi (plural translative)
poskën (instructive singular)
poskin (instructive plural)
poskënëk (comitative singular)
poskinëk (comitative plural)
poskëtta (abessive singular)
poskitta (abessive plural)

Estonian: põsk

→? Votic: põski

Finnish: poski

Ingrian: poski

Karelian: poski

Livonian: pȯsk

Võro: põsk'


herhiläinen

herhiläinen (nominative singular)
herhiläicet (nominative plural)
herhiläicen (accusative singular)
herhiläicet (accusative plural)
herhiläicen (genitive singular)
herhiläicten (genitive plural)
herhiläiciden (genitive plural)
herhiläictä (partitive singular)
herhiläicidä (partitive plural)
herhiläicessä (inessive singular)
herhiläicehnä (inessive singular)
herhiläicissä (inessive plural)
herhiläicihnä (inessive plural)
herhiläicestä (elative singular)
herhiläicistä (elative plural)
herhiläicehen (illative singular)
herhiläicihen (illative plural)
herhiläicellä (adessive singular)
herhiläicillä (adessive plural)
herhiläiceltä (ablative singular)
herhiläiciltä (ablative plural)
herhiläicelen (allative singular)
herhiläicelek (allative singular)
herhiläicilen (allative plural)
herhiläicilek (allative plural)
herhiläinnä (essive singular)
herhiläicinä (essive plural)
herhiläiceksi (singular translative)
herhiläiciksi (plural translative)
herhiläicen (instructive singular)
herhiläicin (instructive plural)
herhiläinnek (comitative singular)
herhiläicinek (comitative plural)
herhiläicettä (abessive singular)
herhiläicittä (abessive plural)

Estonian: herilane

Finnish: herhiläinen

→ Inari Sami: hárhulâš

Ingrian: hörhöläin
→ Votic: höröläin

Karelian:

North Karelian: herheläine

Võro: hüürläne

Votic: (Kattila) öröläine

From earlier *šerši + *-läinen, borrowed from Proto-Baltic [Term?] (whence Latvian sirsenis, Lithuanian širšė), from Proto-Balto-Slavic *śirˀšō.


maha

maha (nominative singular)
mahat (nominative plural)
mahan (accusative singular)
mahat (accusative plural)
mahan (genitive singular)
mahadën (genitive plural)
mahoidën (genitive plural)
mahada (partitive singular)
mahoida (partitive plural)
mahassa (inessive singular)
mahahna (inessive singular)
mahoissa (inessive plural)
mahoihna (inessive plural)
mahasta (elative singular)
mahoista (elative plural)
mahahën (illative singular)
mahoihën (illative plural)
mahalla (adessive singular)
mahoilla (adessive plural)
mahalta (ablative singular)
mahoilta (ablative plural)
mahalën (allative singular)
mahalëk (allative singular)
mahoilën (allative plural)
mahoilëk (allative plural)
mahana (essive singular)
mahoina (essive plural)
mahaksi (singular translative)
mahoiksi (plural translative)
mahan (instructive singular)
mahoin (instructive plural)
mahanëk (comitative singular)
mahoinëk (comitative plural)
mahatta (abessive singular)
mahoitta (abessive plural)

Finnish: maha

→ Votic: maha

Karelian:

North Karelian: maha

South Karelian: maha

Livvi: maha

Ludian: maha

⇒ Veps: mahud

Borrowed from Proto-Germanic *magô (for Germanic *g > Finnic *h, compare *laho and possibly *paha). Doublet of *mako.

, *vacca


paju

paju (nominative singular)
pajut (nominative plural)
pajun (accusative singular)
pajut (accusative plural)
pajun (genitive singular)
pajudën (genitive plural)
pajuidën (genitive plural)
pajuda (partitive singular)
pajuida (partitive plural)
pajussa (inessive singular)
pajuhna (inessive singular)
pajuissa (inessive plural)
pajuihna (inessive plural)
pajusta (elative singular)
pajuista (elative plural)
pajuhën (illative singular)
pajuihën (illative plural)
pajulla (adessive singular)
pajuilla (adessive plural)
pajulta (ablative singular)
pajuilta (ablative plural)
pajulën (allative singular)
pajulëk (allative singular)
pajuilën (allative plural)
pajuilëk (allative plural)
pajuna (essive singular)
pajuina (essive plural)
pajuksi (singular translative)
pajuiksi (plural translative)
pajun (instructive singular)
pajuin (instructive plural)
pajunëk (comitative singular)
pajuinëk (comitative plural)
pajutta (abessive singular)
pajuitta (abessive plural)

Estonian: paju

Finnish: paju

Ingrian: paju

Karelian: paju

Livonian: pa’i

Livvi: paju

Ludian: paju

Veps: paju

Võro: pai

Votic: paju


hullu

hullu (nominative singular)
hullut (nominative plural)
hullun (accusative singular)
hullut (accusative plural)
hullun (genitive singular)
hulludën (genitive plural)
hulluidën (genitive plural)
hulluda (partitive singular)
hulluida (partitive plural)
hullussa (inessive singular)
hulluhna (inessive singular)
hulluissa (inessive plural)
hulluihna (inessive plural)
hullusta (elative singular)
hulluista (elative plural)
hulluhën (illative singular)
hulluihën (illative plural)
hullulla (adessive singular)
hulluilla (adessive plural)
hullulta (ablative singular)
hulluilta (ablative plural)
hullulën (allative singular)
hullulëk (allative singular)
hulluilën (allative plural)
hulluilëk (allative plural)
hulluna (essive singular)
hulluina (essive plural)
hulluksi (singular translative)
hulluiksi (plural translative)
hullun (instructive singular)
hulluin (instructive plural)
hullunëk (comitative singular)
hulluinëk (comitative plural)
hullutta (abessive singular)
hulluitta (abessive plural)

Estonian: hull

Finnish: hullu

→ Votic: hullu

Ingrian: hullu

Karelian:

North Karelian: hullu

South Karelian: hullu

Livonian: ul

Võro: hull

Votic: (Kattila) ullu

Unknown. Possibly related to Proto-Samic *jëllë, or alternatively, possibly imitative.


humala

humala (nominative singular)
humalat (nominative plural)
humalan (accusative singular)
humalat (accusative plural)
humalan (genitive singular)
humaladën (genitive plural)
humaloidën (genitive plural)
humalata (partitive singular)
humaloita (partitive plural)
humalassa (inessive singular)
humalahna (inessive singular)
humaloissa (inessive plural)
humaloihna (inessive plural)
humalasta (elative singular)
humaloista (elative plural)
humalasën (illative singular)
humaloisën (illative plural)
humalalla (adessive singular)
humaloilla (adessive plural)
humalalta (ablative singular)
humaloilta (ablative plural)
humalalën (allative singular)
humalalëk (allative singular)
humaloilën (allative plural)
humaloilëk (allative plural)
humalana (essive singular)
humaloina (essive plural)
humalaksi (singular translative)
humaloiksi (plural translative)
humalan (instructive singular)
humaloin (instructive plural)
humalanëk (comitative singular)
humaloinëk (comitative plural)
humalatta (abessive singular)
humaloitta (abessive plural)

Estonian: humal

Finnish: humala

Ingrian: humala

Karelian:

North Karelian: humala

South Karelian: humala

Livonian: umāl

Livvi: humal

Ludian: humal

Veps: humal

Võro: hummal'

Votic: umalõ

Borrowed from Proto-Norse [script needed] (*humalā) (compare Icelandic humall, Swedish humle) .


kocka

kocka (nominative singular)
kockat (nominative plural)
kockan (accusative singular)
kockat (accusative plural)
kockan (genitive singular)
kockadën (genitive plural)
kockëidën (genitive plural)
kockada (partitive singular)
kockëida (partitive plural)
kockassa (inessive singular)
kockahna (inessive singular)
kockëissa (inessive plural)
kockëihna (inessive plural)
kockasta (elative singular)
kockëista (elative plural)
kockahën (illative singular)
kockëihën (illative plural)
kockalla (adessive singular)
kockëilla (adessive plural)
kockalta (ablative singular)
kockëilta (ablative plural)
kockalën (allative singular)
kockalëk (allative singular)
kockëilën (allative plural)
kockëilëk (allative plural)
kockana (essive singular)
kockëina (essive plural)
kockaksi (singular translative)
kockëiksi (plural translative)
kockan (instructive singular)
kockëin (instructive plural)
kockanëk (comitative singular)
kockëinëk (comitative plural)
kockatta (abessive singular)
kockëitta (abessive plural)

Estonian: kotkas

Finnish: kotka

Karelian: kotka

Livonian:

Courland Livonian: kuotkānõz

Vidzeme Livonian: kotkas

Livvi: kotku

Ludian: kotk

Võro: kodas

Livvi: kotkoi

Ludian: kotkoi

Votic: kotko

From Proto-Finno-Permic *kočka. Cognate with Proto-Samic *koackēmē.


koiras

koiras (nominative singular)
koirahët (nominative plural)
koirahën (accusative singular)
koirahët (accusative plural)
koirahën (genitive singular)
koirastën (genitive plural)
koirahidën (genitive plural)
koirasta (partitive singular)
koirahita (partitive plural)
koirahëssa (inessive singular)
koirahëhna (inessive singular)
koirahissa (inessive plural)
koirahihna (inessive plural)
koirahësta (elative singular)
koirahista (elative plural)
koirahësën (illative singular)
koirahisën (illative plural)
koirahëlla (adessive singular)
koirahilla (adessive plural)
koirahëlta (ablative singular)
koirahilta (ablative plural)
koirahëlën (allative singular)
koirahëlëk (allative singular)
koirahilën (allative plural)
koirahilëk (allative plural)
koirassa (essive singular)
koirahina (essive plural)
koirahëksi (singular translative)
koirahiksi (plural translative)
koirahën (instructive singular)
koirahin (instructive plural)
koirassëk (comitative singular)
koirahinëk (comitative plural)
koirahëtta (abessive singular)
koirahitta (abessive plural)

Estonian: (dialectal) koeras

Finnish: koiras

Ingrian: koiras

Karelian:

North Karelian: koiraš

South Karelian: koiraš

Livvi: koiras

Veps: koiraz

Votic: koiraz (Jõgõperä)

Ultimately from Proto-Uralic *kojera (“male animal”) + *-s.


hinta

hinta (nominative singular)
hindat (nominative plural)
hindan (accusative singular)
hindat (accusative plural)
hindan (genitive singular)
hintadën (genitive plural)
hintoidën (genitive plural)
hintada (partitive singular)
hintoida (partitive plural)
hindassa (inessive singular)
hindahna (inessive singular)
hindoissa (inessive plural)
hindoihna (inessive plural)
hindasta (elative singular)
hindoista (elative plural)
hintahën (illative singular)
hintoihën (illative plural)
hindalla (adessive singular)
hindoilla (adessive plural)
hindalta (ablative singular)
hindoilta (ablative plural)
hintalën (allative singular)
hintalëk (allative singular)
hintoilën (allative plural)
hintoilëk (allative plural)
hintana (essive singular)
hintoina (essive plural)
hindaksi (singular translative)
hindoiksi (plural translative)
hindan (instructive singular)
hindoin (instructive plural)
hintanëk (comitative singular)
hintoinëk (comitative plural)
hindatta (abessive singular)
hindoitta (abessive plural)

Estonian: hind

Finnish: hinta

→ Northern Sami: haddi

→ Inari Sami: hadde

→ Skolt Sami: hâʹdd

Ingrian: hinta

Karelian: hinta, hinda

Livonian: īnda

Livvi: hindu

Ludian: hind

Veps: hind

Võro: hind

Votic: intõ

From earlier *šinta, possibly borrowed from a Baltic language, compare Lithuanian šimtas (“hundred”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *ḱm̥tóm (in which case a doublet of *sata), albeit the semantic development is not entirely clear.


harja

harja (nominative singular)
harjat (nominative plural)
harjan (accusative singular)
harjat (accusative plural)
harjan (genitive singular)
harjadën (genitive plural)
harjoidën (genitive plural)
harjada (partitive singular)
harjoida (partitive plural)
harjassa (inessive singular)
harjahna (inessive singular)
harjoissa (inessive plural)
harjoihna (inessive plural)
harjasta (elative singular)
harjoista (elative plural)
harjahën (illative singular)
harjoihën (illative plural)
harjalla (adessive singular)
harjoilla (adessive plural)
harjalta (ablative singular)
harjoilta (ablative plural)
harjalën (allative singular)
harjalëk (allative singular)
harjoilën (allative plural)
harjoilëk (allative plural)
harjana (essive singular)
harjoina (essive plural)
harjaksi (singular translative)
harjoiksi (plural translative)
harjan (instructive singular)
harjoin (instructive plural)
harjanëk (comitative singular)
harjoinëk (comitative plural)
harjatta (abessive singular)
harjoitta (abessive plural)

Estonian: hari

Finnish: harja

Ingrian: harja

Karelian: harja

Livonian: ōŗa

Livvi: harju

Ludian: haŕď

Veps: harj

Võro: hari

Votic: arjõ

From earlier *šarja, from a Baltic language, compare Lithuanian šerys. Possibly related to Proto-Germanic *hērą (“hair”).


uros

uros (nominative singular)
urohët (nominative plural)
urohën (accusative singular)
urohët (accusative plural)
urohën (genitive singular)
urostën (genitive plural)
urohidën (genitive plural)
urosta (partitive singular)
urohita (partitive plural)
urohëssa (inessive singular)
urohëhna (inessive singular)
urohissa (inessive plural)
urohihna (inessive plural)
urohësta (elative singular)
urohista (elative plural)
urohësën (illative singular)
urohisën (illative plural)
urohëlla (adessive singular)
urohilla (adessive plural)
urohëlta (ablative singular)
urohilta (ablative plural)
urohëlën (allative singular)
urohëlëk (allative singular)
urohilën (allative plural)
urohilëk (allative plural)
urossa (essive singular)
urohina (essive plural)
urohëksi (singular translative)
urohiksi (plural translative)
urohën (instructive singular)
urohin (instructive plural)
urossëk (comitative singular)
urohinëk (comitative plural)
urohëtta (abessive singular)
urohitta (abessive plural)
uros (nominative singular)
uroksët (nominative plural)
uroksën (accusative singular)
uroksët (accusative plural)
uroksën (genitive singular)
urostën (genitive plural)
uroksidën (genitive plural)
urosta (partitive singular)
uroksita (partitive plural)
uroksëssa (inessive singular)
uroksëhna (inessive singular)
uroksissa (inessive plural)
uroksihna (inessive plural)
uroksësta (elative singular)
uroksista (elative plural)
uroksësën (illative singular)
uroksisën (illative plural)
uroksëlla (adessive singular)
uroksilla (adessive plural)
uroksëlta (ablative singular)
uroksilta (ablative plural)
uroksëlën (allative singular)
uroksëlëk (allative singular)
uroksilën (allative plural)
uroksilëk (allative plural)
urossa (essive singular)
uroksina (essive plural)
uroksëksi (singular translative)
uroksiksi (plural translative)
uroksën (instructive singular)
uroksin (instructive plural)
urossëk (comitative singular)
uroksinëk (comitative plural)
uroksëtta (abessive singular)
uroksitta (abessive plural)

Finnish: uros

⇒ Ingrian: urohoin, urroisa

Karelian:

North Karelian: uroš

South Karelian: uroš

Livvi: uroz

⇒ Ludian: uroi

Veps: uros

Disputed, but cognate with Proto-Samic *orēs. Traditionally held to be a derivation of Proto-Finno-Ugric *urɜ (whence Hungarian úr, but note that it also has alternative etymologies). LÄGLOS however supports an alternative etymology by Hofstra, which instead posits a borrowing from Proto-Germanic *ūraz (“aurochs”), in which case the original meaning must have been "male animal".


mätä

mätä (nominative singular)
mädät (nominative plural)
mädän (accusative singular)
mädät (accusative plural)
mädän (genitive singular)
mätäden (genitive plural)
mäteiden (genitive plural)
mätädä (partitive singular)
mäteidä (partitive plural)
mädässä (inessive singular)
mädähnä (inessive singular)
mädeissä (inessive plural)
mädeihnä (inessive plural)
mädästä (elative singular)
mädeistä (elative plural)
mätähen (illative singular)
mäteihen (illative plural)
mädällä (adessive singular)
mädeillä (adessive plural)
mädältä (ablative singular)
mädeiltä (ablative plural)
mätälen (allative singular)
mätälek (allative singular)
mäteilen (allative plural)
mäteilek (allative plural)
mätänä (essive singular)
mäteinä (essive plural)
mädäksi (singular translative)
mädeiksi (plural translative)
mädän (instructive singular)
mädein (instructive plural)
mätänek (comitative singular)
mäteinek (comitative plural)
mädättä (abessive singular)
mädeittä (abessive plural)

Estonian: mäda

Finnish: mätä

Ingrian: mätä

Võro: mädä

Votic: mätä


maito

maito (nominative singular)
maidot (nominative plural)
maidon (accusative singular)
maidot (accusative plural)
maidon (genitive singular)
maitodën (genitive plural)
maitoidën (genitive plural)
maitoda (partitive singular)
maitoida (partitive plural)
maidossa (inessive singular)
maidohna (inessive singular)
maidoissa (inessive plural)
maidoihna (inessive plural)
maidosta (elative singular)
maidoista (elative plural)
maitohën (illative singular)
maitoihën (illative plural)
maidolla (adessive singular)
maidoilla (adessive plural)
maidolta (ablative singular)
maidoilta (ablative plural)
maitolën (allative singular)
maitolëk (allative singular)
maitoilën (allative plural)
maitoilëk (allative plural)
maitona (essive singular)
maitoina (essive plural)
maidoksi (singular translative)
maidoiksi (plural translative)
maidon (instructive singular)
maidoin (instructive plural)
maitonëk (comitative singular)
maitoinëk (comitative plural)
maidotta (abessive singular)
maidoitta (abessive plural)

Finnish: maito

→ Lule Sami: maiˈtu

→ Kemi Sami: [Term?] (maid’do)

→ Skolt Sami: [Term?] (mȧì̭ᴅ̀-)

→ Akkala Sami: [script needed] (mait)

→ Kildin Sami: ма̄ййт (mājjt)

→ Ter Sami: [script needed] (ma͕ī̭ᵈta)

Ingrian: maito

→ Kukkuzi: maito

Karelian:

North Karelian: maito

South Karelian: maido

Livvi: maido

Ludian: maid

Veps: maid

Possibly from Proto-Finno-Permic *majδ̕ɜ (compare Udmurt мӧль (möľ, “fir sap”)).


meno

meno (nominative singular)
menot (nominative plural)
menon (accusative singular)
menot (accusative plural)
menon (genitive singular)
menodën (genitive plural)
menoidën (genitive plural)
menoda (partitive singular)
menoida (partitive plural)
menossa (inessive singular)
menohna (inessive singular)
menoissa (inessive plural)
menoihna (inessive plural)
menosta (elative singular)
menoista (elative plural)
menohën (illative singular)
menoihën (illative plural)
menolla (adessive singular)
menoilla (adessive plural)
menolta (ablative singular)
menoilta (ablative plural)
menolën (allative singular)
menolëk (allative singular)
menoilën (allative plural)
menoilëk (allative plural)
menona (essive singular)
menoina (essive plural)
menoksi (singular translative)
menoiksi (plural translative)
menon (instructive singular)
menoin (instructive plural)
menonëk (comitative singular)
menoinëk (comitative plural)
menotta (abessive singular)
menoitta (abessive plural)

Estonian: mõnu

Finnish: meno

→ Estonian: menu

→ Northern Sami: meannu

Ingrian: mänö

Karelian:

North Karelian: mänö

South Karelian: mänö

Livvi: meno, menoi

Ludian: mänö

Võro: mino

Votic: meno


valta

valta (nominative singular)
valdat (nominative plural)
valdan (accusative singular)
valdat (accusative plural)
valdan (genitive singular)
valtadën (genitive plural)
valtoidën (genitive plural)
valtada (partitive singular)
valtoida (partitive plural)
valdassa (inessive singular)
valdahna (inessive singular)
valdoissa (inessive plural)
valdoihna (inessive plural)
valdasta (elative singular)
valdoista (elative plural)
valtahën (illative singular)
valtoihën (illative plural)
valdalla (adessive singular)
valdoilla (adessive plural)
valdalta (ablative singular)
valdoilta (ablative plural)
valtalën (allative singular)
valtalëk (allative singular)
valtoilën (allative plural)
valtoilëk (allative plural)
valtana (essive singular)
valtoina (essive plural)
valdaksi (singular translative)
valdoiksi (plural translative)
valdan (instructive singular)
valdoin (instructive plural)
valtanëk (comitative singular)
valtoinëk (comitative plural)
valdatta (abessive singular)
valdoitta (abessive plural)

Estonian: vald

Finnish: valta

Ingrian: valta

Karelian:

North Karelian: valta

South Karelian: valda

Livonian: vālda

Livvi: valdu

Ludian: vald

Veps: vald, vaud

Võro: vald

Votic: valtõ

Borrowed from Proto-Germanic *waldą or Proto-Norse [Term?].


valta

Livonian:

Courland Livonian: vālda

Vidzeme Livonian: valda, vald

A variant of *vaalëda or *valkëda, akin to Erzya валдо (valdo), Moksha валда (valda).


tammi

tammi (nominative singular)
tammët (nominative plural)
tammën (accusative singular)
tammët (accusative plural)
tammën (genitive singular)
tammëdën (genitive plural)
tammidën (genitive plural)
tammëda (partitive singular)
tammida (partitive plural)
tammëssa (inessive singular)
tammëhna (inessive singular)
tammissa (inessive plural)
tammihna (inessive plural)
tammësta (elative singular)
tammista (elative plural)
tammëhën (illative singular)
tammihën (illative plural)
tammëlla (adessive singular)
tammilla (adessive plural)
tammëlta (ablative singular)
tammilta (ablative plural)
tammëlën (allative singular)
tammëlëk (allative singular)
tammilën (allative plural)
tammilëk (allative plural)
tammëna (essive singular)
tammina (essive plural)
tammëksi (singular translative)
tammiksi (plural translative)
tammën (instructive singular)
tammin (instructive plural)
tammënëk (comitative singular)
tamminëk (comitative plural)
tammëtta (abessive singular)
tammitta (abessive plural)

Estonian: tamm

Finnish: tammi

Ingrian: tammi

Karelian:

North Karelian: tammi

South Karelian: tammi

Livonian: täm

Livvi: tammi

Ludian: tamm

Võro: tamm'

Votic: tammi

From Proto-Finno-Permic *tamme, further origin unknown, possibly a substrate from the pre-Uralic languages of the Volga. Cognate with Erzya тумо (tumo), Moksha тума (tuma) and Eastern Mari тумо (tumo).


jousi

jousi (nominative singular)
jousët (nominative plural)
jousën (accusative singular)
jousët (accusative plural)
jousën (genitive singular)
joustën (genitive plural)
jousidën (genitive plural)
jousta (partitive singular)
jousida (partitive plural)
jousëssa (inessive singular)
jousëhna (inessive singular)
jousissa (inessive plural)
jousihna (inessive plural)
jousësta (elative singular)
jousista (elative plural)
jousëhën (illative singular)
jousihën (illative plural)
jousëlla (adessive singular)
jousilla (adessive plural)
jousëlta (ablative singular)
jousilta (ablative plural)
jousëlën (allative singular)
jousëlëk (allative singular)
jousilën (allative plural)
jousilëk (allative plural)
joussa (essive singular)
jousina (essive plural)
jousëksi (singular translative)
jousiksi (plural translative)
jousën (instructive singular)
jousin (instructive plural)
joussëk (comitative singular)
jousinëk (comitative plural)
jousëtta (abessive singular)
jousitta (abessive plural)

Finnish: jousi, (archaic) joutsi

Karelian:

North Karelian: jousi

South Karelian: jouzi

From Proto-Uralic *joŋse. Cognates include Proto-Samic *juoksë.


touko

touko (nominative singular)
tougot (nominative plural)
tougon (accusative singular)
tougot (accusative plural)
tougon (genitive singular)
toukodën (genitive plural)
toukoidën (genitive plural)
toukoda (partitive singular)
toukoida (partitive plural)
tougossa (inessive singular)
tougohna (inessive singular)
tougoissa (inessive plural)
tougoihna (inessive plural)
tougosta (elative singular)
tougoista (elative plural)
toukohën (illative singular)
toukoihën (illative plural)
tougolla (adessive singular)
tougoilla (adessive plural)
tougolta (ablative singular)
tougoilta (ablative plural)
toukolën (allative singular)
toukolëk (allative singular)
toukoilën (allative plural)
toukoilëk (allative plural)
toukona (essive singular)
toukoina (essive plural)
tougoksi (singular translative)
tougoiksi (plural translative)
tougon (instructive singular)
tougoin (instructive plural)
toukonëk (comitative singular)
toukoinëk (comitative plural)
tougotta (abessive singular)
tougoitta (abessive plural)

Estonian: tõug

Finnish: touko

Ingrian: touko

Karelian:

North Karelian: touko

South Karelian: tougo

Livvi: tougo

Ludian: toug

Võro: tõug

Votic: (Pummala) tõuko


muta

muta (nominative singular)
mudat (nominative plural)
mudan (accusative singular)
mudat (accusative plural)
mudan (genitive singular)
mutadën (genitive plural)
mutëidën (genitive plural)
mutada (partitive singular)
mutëida (partitive plural)
mudassa (inessive singular)
mudahna (inessive singular)
mudëissa (inessive plural)
mudëihna (inessive plural)
mudasta (elative singular)
mudëista (elative plural)
mutahën (illative singular)
mutëihën (illative plural)
mudalla (adessive singular)
mudëilla (adessive plural)
mudalta (ablative singular)
mudëilta (ablative plural)
mutalën (allative singular)
mutalëk (allative singular)
mutëilën (allative plural)
mutëilëk (allative plural)
mutana (essive singular)
mutëina (essive plural)
mudaksi (singular translative)
mudëiksi (plural translative)
mudan (instructive singular)
mudëin (instructive plural)
mutanëk (comitative singular)
mutëinëk (comitative plural)
mudatta (abessive singular)
mudëitta (abessive plural)

Estonian: muda

Finnish: muta

→? Inari Sami: mott

→? Skolt Sami: [Term?] (mō̬ᵓt̜t̜ᴱ)

→? Kildin Sami: моадтҍ (mådt’)

Ingrian: muta

Karelian: muta, muda

Livonian: mudā

Livvi: muda

Ludian: muda

Veps: muda

Võro: muda

Votic: muta


maja

maja (nominative singular)
majat (nominative plural)
majan (accusative singular)
majat (accusative plural)
majan (genitive singular)
majadën (genitive plural)
majoidën (genitive plural)
majada (partitive singular)
majoida (partitive plural)
majassa (inessive singular)
majahna (inessive singular)
majoissa (inessive plural)
majoihna (inessive plural)
majasta (elative singular)
majoista (elative plural)
majahën (illative singular)
majoihën (illative plural)
majalla (adessive singular)
majoilla (adessive plural)
majalta (ablative singular)
majoilta (ablative plural)
majalën (allative singular)
majalëk (allative singular)
majoilën (allative plural)
majoilëk (allative plural)
majana (essive singular)
majoina (essive plural)
majaksi (singular translative)
majoiksi (plural translative)
majan (instructive singular)
majoin (instructive plural)
majanëk (comitative singular)
majoinëk (comitative plural)
majatta (abessive singular)
majoitta (abessive plural)

Estonian: maja

Finnish: maja

Ingrian: maja

Karelian: maja

Livonian: mǭj (in compounds: īemǭj, mǭjpāika)

Livvi: maja

Ludian: maja

Võro: maja

Votic: maja

→? Latgalian: muoja

→? Latvian: māja

→? Latvian: māj (kursenieki)

Unknown, but related to Latvian mãja. There is no consensus on the direction of borrowing, but both directions have been proposed.


paja

paja (nominative singular)
pajat (nominative plural)
pajan (accusative singular)
pajat (accusative plural)
pajan (genitive singular)
pajadën (genitive plural)
pajoidën (genitive plural)
pajada (partitive singular)
pajoida (partitive plural)
pajassa (inessive singular)
pajahna (inessive singular)
pajoissa (inessive plural)
pajoihna (inessive plural)
pajasta (elative singular)
pajoista (elative plural)
pajahën (illative singular)
pajoihën (illative plural)
pajalla (adessive singular)
pajoilla (adessive plural)
pajalta (ablative singular)
pajoilta (ablative plural)
pajalën (allative singular)
pajalëk (allative singular)
pajoilën (allative plural)
pajoilëk (allative plural)
pajana (essive singular)
pajoina (essive plural)
pajaksi (singular translative)
pajoiksi (plural translative)
pajan (instructive singular)
pajoin (instructive plural)
pajanëk (comitative singular)
pajoinëk (comitative plural)
pajatta (abessive singular)
pajoitta (abessive plural)

Estonian: paja

Finnish: paja

→ Northern Sami: bádji

Ingrian: paja

Karelian: paja

Livvi: paja

Ludian: paja

Veps: paja

Võro: paja

Votic: paja

Uncertain. Possibly from pre-Germanic *pago- (later Proto-Germanic *faką).


maksu

maksu (nominative singular)
maksut (nominative plural)
maksun (accusative singular)
maksut (accusative plural)
maksun (genitive singular)
maksudën (genitive plural)
maksuidën (genitive plural)
maksuda (partitive singular)
maksuida (partitive plural)
maksussa (inessive singular)
maksuhna (inessive singular)
maksuissa (inessive plural)
maksuihna (inessive plural)
maksusta (elative singular)
maksuista (elative plural)
maksuhën (illative singular)
maksuihën (illative plural)
maksulla (adessive singular)
maksuilla (adessive plural)
maksulta (ablative singular)
maksuilta (ablative plural)
maksulën (allative singular)
maksulëk (allative singular)
maksuilën (allative plural)
maksuilëk (allative plural)
maksuna (essive singular)
maksuina (essive plural)
maksuksi (singular translative)
maksuiksi (plural translative)
maksun (instructive singular)
maksuin (instructive plural)
maksunëk (comitative singular)
maksuinëk (comitative plural)
maksutta (abessive singular)
maksuitta (abessive plural)

Estonian: maks

Finnish: maksu

Livonian: maks

Ludian: maks

Veps: maks

Võro: mass

Votic: mahsu

Finnish: (dialectal) makso

Ingrian: makso

Karelian:

North Karelian: makso

South Karelian: makso

Livvi: makso

Votic: mahso


siili

siili (nominative singular)
siilit (nominative plural)
siilin (accusative singular)
siilit (accusative plural)
siilin (genitive singular)
siiliden (genitive plural)
siilejiden (genitive plural)
siilidä (partitive singular)
siilejitä (partitive plural)
siilissä (inessive singular)
siilihnä (inessive singular)
siilejissä (inessive plural)
siilejihnä (inessive plural)
siilistä (elative singular)
siilejistä (elative plural)
siilihen (illative singular)
siilejisen (illative plural)
siilillä (adessive singular)
siilejillä (adessive plural)
siililtä (ablative singular)
siilejiltä (ablative plural)
siililen (allative singular)
siililek (allative singular)
siilejilen (allative plural)
siilejilek (allative plural)
siilinä (essive singular)
siilejinä (essive plural)
siiliksi (singular translative)
siilejiksi (plural translative)
siilin (instructive singular)
siilejin (instructive plural)
siilinek (comitative singular)
siilejinek (comitative plural)
siilittä (abessive singular)
siilejittä (abessive plural)

Estonian: siil

→ Finnish: siili

Ingrian: (obsolete) siili

Karelian:

North Karelian: šiili

South Karelian: čiili

Livonian: tsīļ

Võro: siil'

Votic: (Kattila) siili


kuha

kuha (nominative singular)
kuhat (nominative plural)
kuhan (accusative singular)
kuhat (accusative plural)
kuhan (genitive singular)
kuhadën (genitive plural)
kuhëidën (genitive plural)
kuhada (partitive singular)
kuhëida (partitive plural)
kuhassa (inessive singular)
kuhahna (inessive singular)
kuhëissa (inessive plural)
kuhëihna (inessive plural)
kuhasta (elative singular)
kuhëista (elative plural)
kuhahën (illative singular)
kuhëihën (illative plural)
kuhalla (adessive singular)
kuhëilla (adessive plural)
kuhalta (ablative singular)
kuhëilta (ablative plural)
kuhalën (allative singular)
kuhalëk (allative singular)
kuhëilën (allative plural)
kuhëilëk (allative plural)
kuhana (essive singular)
kuhëina (essive plural)
kuhaksi (singular translative)
kuhëiksi (plural translative)
kuhan (instructive singular)
kuhëin (instructive plural)
kuhanëk (comitative singular)
kuhëinëk (comitative plural)
kuhatta (abessive singular)
kuhëitta (abessive plural)

Estonian: koha

Finnish: kuha

Ingrian: kuha

Karelian: kuha

Livvi: kuha

Ludian: kuha

Veps: kuha

Votic: kuha

Borrowed from Proto-Germanic [Term?] (whence Norwegian gjørs, Swedish gös).


olka

olka (nominative singular)
olgat (nominative plural)
olgan (accusative singular)
olgat (accusative plural)
olgan (genitive singular)
olkadën (genitive plural)
olkëidën (genitive plural)
olkada (partitive singular)
olkëida (partitive plural)
olgassa (inessive singular)
olgahna (inessive singular)
olgëissa (inessive plural)
olgëihna (inessive plural)
olgasta (elative singular)
olgëista (elative plural)
olkahën (illative singular)
olkëihën (illative plural)
olgalla (adessive singular)
olgëilla (adessive plural)
olgalta (ablative singular)
olgëilta (ablative plural)
olkalën (allative singular)
olkalëk (allative singular)
olkëilën (allative plural)
olkëilëk (allative plural)
olkana (essive singular)
olkëina (essive plural)
olgaksi (singular translative)
olgëiksi (plural translative)
olgan (instructive singular)
olgëin (instructive plural)
olkanëk (comitative singular)
olkëinëk (comitative plural)
olgatta (abessive singular)
olgëitta (abessive plural)

Estonian: õlg

Finnish: olka

Karelian:

North Karelian: olka

South Karelian: olga

Livvi: olgu

Veps: oug

Võro: olg

Votic: õlkõ

From Proto-Uralic *wolka. Related to Proto-Samic *oalkē and Hungarian váll.


kari

kari (nominative singular)
karit (nominative plural)
karin (accusative singular)
karit (accusative plural)
karin (genitive singular)
karidën (genitive plural)
karëjidën (genitive plural)
karida (partitive singular)
karëjita (partitive plural)
karissa (inessive singular)
karihna (inessive singular)
karëjissa (inessive plural)
karëjihna (inessive plural)
karista (elative singular)
karëjista (elative plural)
karihën (illative singular)
karëjisën (illative plural)
karilla (adessive singular)
karëjilla (adessive plural)
karilta (ablative singular)
karëjilta (ablative plural)
karilën (allative singular)
karilëk (allative singular)
karëjilën (allative plural)
karëjilëk (allative plural)
karina (essive singular)
karëjina (essive plural)
kariksi (singular translative)
karëjiksi (plural translative)
karin (instructive singular)
karëjin (instructive plural)
karinëk (comitative singular)
karëjinëk (comitative plural)
karitta (abessive singular)
karëjitta (abessive plural)

Estonian: kari

Finnish: kari

Ingrian: kari

Karelian:

North Karelian: kari

South Karelian: kari

Livvi: kari

Ludian: kari

Borrowed from Proto-Norse [script needed] (*skarj(ą)), from Proto-Germanic *skarją (whence Old Norse sker).

rock in the sea, skerry (a little under or above the surface)


kanto

kanto (nominative singular)
kandot (nominative plural)
kandon (accusative singular)
kandot (accusative plural)
kandon (genitive singular)
kantodën (genitive plural)
kantoidën (genitive plural)
kantoda (partitive singular)
kantoida (partitive plural)
kandossa (inessive singular)
kandohna (inessive singular)
kandoissa (inessive plural)
kandoihna (inessive plural)
kandosta (elative singular)
kandoista (elative plural)
kantohën (illative singular)
kantoihën (illative plural)
kandolla (adessive singular)
kandoilla (adessive plural)
kandolta (ablative singular)
kandoilta (ablative plural)
kantolën (allative singular)
kantolëk (allative singular)
kantoilën (allative plural)
kantoilëk (allative plural)
kantona (essive singular)
kantoina (essive plural)
kandoksi (singular translative)
kandoiksi (plural translative)
kandon (instructive singular)
kandoin (instructive plural)
kantonëk (comitative singular)
kantoinëk (comitative plural)
kandotta (abessive singular)
kandoitta (abessive plural)

Estonian: känd

Finnish: kanto

Ingrian: kanto

Karelian: kanto

Livonian: kand

Ludian: kand

Veps: kand

Votic: kanto

Võro: kand

From Proto-Finno-Ugric *kënta-w, borrowed from Proto-Indo-Iranian *skandʰás (compare Sanskrit स्कन्ध (skandhá)). Related to Proto-Samic *kuontōj, Proto-Mordvinic *kandə.


paras

paras (nominative singular)
parahët (nominative plural)
parahën (accusative singular)
parahët (accusative plural)
parahën (genitive singular)
parastën (genitive plural)
parahidën (genitive plural)
parasta (partitive singular)
parahita (partitive plural)
parahëssa (inessive singular)
parahëhna (inessive singular)
parahissa (inessive plural)
parahihna (inessive plural)
parahësta (elative singular)
parahista (elative plural)
parahësën (illative singular)
parahisën (illative plural)
parahëlla (adessive singular)
parahilla (adessive plural)
parahëlta (ablative singular)
parahilta (ablative plural)
parahëlën (allative singular)
parahëlëk (allative singular)
parahilën (allative plural)
parahilëk (allative plural)
parassa (essive singular)
parahina (essive plural)
parahëksi (singular translative)
parahiksi (plural translative)
parahën (instructive singular)
parahin (instructive plural)
parassëk (comitative singular)
parahinëk (comitative plural)
parahëtta (abessive singular)
parahitta (abessive plural)

Estonian: paras

Finnish: paras

Ingrian: paras

Karelian:

North Karelian: paras

South Karelian: paras

Livonian: parāz

Livvi: paras

Ludian: paraz

Veps: paraz

Võro: paras

Votic: paraz

From Proto-Finno-Permic *para. Cognates include Proto-Samic *puorē and Proto-Permic *bur.

(Northern Finnic) superlative degree of *hüvä


sappi

sappi (nominative singular)
sap'ët (nominative plural)
sap'ën (accusative singular)
sap'ët (accusative plural)
sap'ën (genitive singular)
sappëdën (genitive plural)
sappidën (genitive plural)
sappëda (partitive singular)
sappida (partitive plural)
sap'ëssa (inessive singular)
sap'ëhna (inessive singular)
sap'issa (inessive plural)
sap'ihna (inessive plural)
sap'ësta (elative singular)
sap'ista (elative plural)
sappëhën (illative singular)
sappihën (illative plural)
sap'ëlla (adessive singular)
sap'illa (adessive plural)
sap'ëlta (ablative singular)
sap'ilta (ablative plural)
sappëlën (allative singular)
sappëlëk (allative singular)
sappilën (allative plural)
sappilëk (allative plural)
sappëna (essive singular)
sappina (essive plural)
sap'ëksi (singular translative)
sap'iksi (plural translative)
sap'ën (instructive singular)
sap'in (instructive plural)
sappënëk (comitative singular)
sappinëk (comitative plural)
sap'ëtta (abessive singular)
sap'itta (abessive plural)

Estonian: sapp

Finnish: sappi

Ingrian: sappi

Karelian: sappi, šappi

Livonian: zäp

Livvi: sappi

Ludian: sap

Veps: sap

Võro: sapp

Votic: sappi

From Proto-Finno-Ugric *säppä. The development *ä-ä > *a-i is found in most applicable words of Uralic or Finno-Ugric pedigree, such as *talvi, *pooli, *loomi, and according to Zhivlov (2014), it is perhaps regular.


pesä

pesä (nominative singular)
pesät (nominative plural)
pesän (accusative singular)
pesät (accusative plural)
pesän (genitive singular)
pesäden (genitive plural)
peseiden (genitive plural)
pesädä (partitive singular)
peseidä (partitive plural)
pesässä (inessive singular)
pesähnä (inessive singular)
peseissä (inessive plural)
peseihnä (inessive plural)
pesästä (elative singular)
peseistä (elative plural)
pesähen (illative singular)
peseihen (illative plural)
pesällä (adessive singular)
peseillä (adessive plural)
pesältä (ablative singular)
peseiltä (ablative plural)
pesälen (allative singular)
pesälek (allative singular)
peseilen (allative plural)
peseilek (allative plural)
pesänä (essive singular)
peseinä (essive plural)
pesäksi (singular translative)
peseiksi (plural translative)
pesän (instructive singular)
pesein (instructive plural)
pesänek (comitative singular)
peseinek (comitative plural)
pesättä (abessive singular)
peseittä (abessive plural)

Estonian: pesa

Finnish: pesä

Ingrian: pesä

Karelian: (Northern) pešä, (Southern) pezä

Livonian: pieza

Livvi: pezä

Ludian: pezä

Veps: peza

Võro: pesä

Votic: pesä


sarvi

sarvi (nominative singular)
sarvët (nominative plural)
sarvën (accusative singular)
sarvët (accusative plural)
sarvën (genitive singular)
sarvëdën (genitive plural)
sarvidën (genitive plural)
sarvëda (partitive singular)
sarvida (partitive plural)
sarvëssa (inessive singular)
sarvëhna (inessive singular)
sarvissa (inessive plural)
sarvihna (inessive plural)
sarvësta (elative singular)
sarvista (elative plural)
sarvëhën (illative singular)
sarvihën (illative plural)
sarvëlla (adessive singular)
sarvilla (adessive plural)
sarvëlta (ablative singular)
sarvilta (ablative plural)
sarvëlën (allative singular)
sarvëlëk (allative singular)
sarvilën (allative plural)
sarvilëk (allative plural)
sarvëna (essive singular)
sarvina (essive plural)
sarvëksi (singular translative)
sarviksi (plural translative)
sarvën (instructive singular)
sarvin (instructive plural)
sarvënëk (comitative singular)
sarvinëk (comitative plural)
sarvëtta (abessive singular)
sarvitta (abessive plural)

Estonian: sarv

Finnish: sarvi

Ingrian: sarvi

Karelian: šarvi, sarvi

Livonian: sǭra, (Salaca) saru

Livvi: sarvi

Ludian: sar'v

Veps: sar'v

Votic: sarvi

From Proto-Finno-Ugric *śarwe (often also reconstructed as *śorwa), borrowed from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ćr̥wa, ultimately derived from Proto-Indo-European *ḱerh₂-. Cognates within Uralic include Proto-Samic *čoarvē, Hungarian szarv. Doublet of *hirvi, *hirvas.


kalvo

kalvo (nominative singular)
kalvot (nominative plural)
kalvon (accusative singular)
kalvot (accusative plural)
kalvon (genitive singular)
kalvodën (genitive plural)
kalvoidën (genitive plural)
kalvoda (partitive singular)
kalvoida (partitive plural)
kalvossa (inessive singular)
kalvohna (inessive singular)
kalvoissa (inessive plural)
kalvoihna (inessive plural)
kalvosta (elative singular)
kalvoista (elative plural)
kalvohën (illative singular)
kalvoihën (illative plural)
kalvolla (adessive singular)
kalvoilla (adessive plural)
kalvolta (ablative singular)
kalvoilta (ablative plural)
kalvolën (allative singular)
kalvolëk (allative singular)
kalvoilën (allative plural)
kalvoilëk (allative plural)
kalvona (essive singular)
kalvoina (essive plural)
kalvoksi (singular translative)
kalvoiksi (plural translative)
kalvon (instructive singular)
kalvoin (instructive plural)
kalvonëk (comitative singular)
kalvoinëk (comitative plural)
kalvotta (abessive singular)
kalvoitta (abessive plural)

Estonian: (dialectal) kalu, kõlu, kale

Finnish: kalvo

Karelian:

North Karelian: kalvo

South Karelian: kalvo

Livvi: kalvo

Votic: kalvo


kunta

kunta (nominative singular)
kundat (nominative plural)
kundan (accusative singular)
kundat (accusative plural)
kundan (genitive singular)
kuntadën (genitive plural)
kuntëidën (genitive plural)
kuntada (partitive singular)
kuntëida (partitive plural)
kundassa (inessive singular)
kundahna (inessive singular)
kundëissa (inessive plural)
kundëihna (inessive plural)
kundasta (elative singular)
kundëista (elative plural)
kuntahën (illative singular)
kuntëihën (illative plural)
kundalla (adessive singular)
kundëilla (adessive plural)
kundalta (ablative singular)
kundëilta (ablative plural)
kuntalën (allative singular)
kuntalëk (allative singular)
kuntëilën (allative plural)
kuntëilëk (allative plural)
kuntana (essive singular)
kuntëina (essive plural)
kundaksi (singular translative)
kundëiksi (plural translative)
kundan (instructive singular)
kundëin (instructive plural)
kuntanëk (comitative singular)
kuntëinëk (comitative plural)
kundatta (abessive singular)
kundëitta (abessive plural)

Estonian: -kond

Finnish: kunta

Ingrian: -kunta

Karelian:

North Karelian: -kunta

South Karelian: -kunda

Livonian: -gõnd

Livvi: kundu, -kundu

Ludian: -kund

Veps: -kund

Võro: -kund

Votic: kuntõ (Jõgõperä), -kuntõ

From Proto-Finno-Ugric *kunta. Cognates include Hungarian had (“army”). Alternatively possibly borrowed from a pre-Grimm form of Proto-Germanic *hundą (“a hundred (an administrative division)”).


täi

täi (nominative singular)
täit (nominative plural)
täin (accusative singular)
täit (accusative plural)
täin (genitive singular)
täiden (genitive plural)
täitä (partitive singular)
täitä (partitive plural)
täissä (inessive singular)
täihnä (inessive singular)
täissä (inessive plural)
täihnä (inessive plural)
täistä (elative singular)
täistä (elative plural)
täisen (illative singular)
täisen (illative plural)
täillä (adessive singular)
täillä (adessive plural)
täiltä (ablative singular)
täiltä (ablative plural)
täilen (allative singular)
täilek (allative singular)
täilen (allative plural)
täilek (allative plural)
täinä (essive singular)
täinä (essive plural)
täiksi (singular translative)
täiksi (plural translative)
täin (instructive singular)
täin (instructive plural)
täinek (comitative singular)
täinek (comitative plural)
täittä (abessive singular)
täittä (abessive plural)

Estonian: täi

Finnish: täi

Ingrian: täi

Karelian: täi

Livonian: tei

Veps: täi

Võro: täi

Votic: täi


kusi

kusi (nominative singular)
kusët (nominative plural)
kusën (accusative singular)
kusët (accusative plural)
kusën (genitive singular)
kustën (genitive plural)
kusidën (genitive plural)
kusta (partitive singular)
kusida (partitive plural)
kusëssa (inessive singular)
kusëhna (inessive singular)
kusissa (inessive plural)
kusihna (inessive plural)
kusësta (elative singular)
kusista (elative plural)
kusëhën (illative singular)
kusihën (illative plural)
kusëlla (adessive singular)
kusilla (adessive plural)
kusëlta (ablative singular)
kusilta (ablative plural)
kusëlën (allative singular)
kusëlëk (allative singular)
kusilën (allative plural)
kusilëk (allative plural)
kussa (essive singular)
kusina (essive plural)
kusëksi (singular translative)
kusiksi (plural translative)
kusën (instructive singular)
kusin (instructive plural)
kussëk (comitative singular)
kusinëk (comitative plural)
kusëtta (abessive singular)
kusitta (abessive plural)

Estonian: kusi

Finnish: kusi

Ingrian: kusi

Karelian: kusi

Livonian: ku'iž

Veps: kuzi

Võro: kusi

Votic: kusi


että

Estonian: et

Finnish: että

→ Northern Sami: ahte

Ingrian: etti

Võro: et, õt

Votic: etti, ette, (Kattila) että


tupa

tupa (nominative singular)
tubat (nominative plural)
tuban (accusative singular)
tubat (accusative plural)
tuban (genitive singular)
tupadën (genitive plural)
tupëidën (genitive plural)
tupada (partitive singular)
tupëida (partitive plural)
tubassa (inessive singular)
tubahna (inessive singular)
tubëissa (inessive plural)
tubëihna (inessive plural)
tubasta (elative singular)
tubëista (elative plural)
tupahën (illative singular)
tupëihën (illative plural)
tuballa (adessive singular)
tubëilla (adessive plural)
tubalta (ablative singular)
tubëilta (ablative plural)
tupalën (allative singular)
tupalëk (allative singular)
tupëilën (allative plural)
tupëilëk (allative plural)
tupana (essive singular)
tupëina (essive plural)
tubaksi (singular translative)
tubëiksi (plural translative)
tuban (instructive singular)
tubëin (instructive plural)
tupanëk (comitative singular)
tupëinëk (comitative plural)
tubatta (abessive singular)
tubëitta (abessive plural)

Estonian: tuba

Finnish: tupa

Ingrian: tupa

Karelian:

North Karelian: tupa

South Karelian: tuba

Livonian: tubā

Votic: tupa

Borrowed from Proto-Germanic *stubō (“room, living room, heated room”), compare Proto-West Germanic *stobu.


tüvi

tüvi (nominative singular)
tüvet (nominative plural)
tüven (accusative singular)
tüvet (accusative plural)
tüven (genitive singular)
tüveden (genitive plural)
tüviden (genitive plural)
tüvedä (partitive singular)
tüvidä (partitive plural)
tüvessä (inessive singular)
tüvehnä (inessive singular)
tüvissä (inessive plural)
tüvihnä (inessive plural)
tüvestä (elative singular)
tüvistä (elative plural)
tüvehen (illative singular)
tüvihen (illative plural)
tüvellä (adessive singular)
tüvillä (adessive plural)
tüveltä (ablative singular)
tüviltä (ablative plural)
tüvelen (allative singular)
tüvelek (allative singular)
tüvilen (allative plural)
tüvilek (allative plural)
tüvenä (essive singular)
tüvinä (essive plural)
tüveksi (singular translative)
tüviksi (plural translative)
tüven (instructive singular)
tüvin (instructive plural)
tüvenek (comitative singular)
tüvinek (comitative plural)
tüvettä (abessive singular)
tüvittä (abessive plural)

Estonian: tüvi

Finnish: tyvi

Ingrian: tyvi

Karelian: tyvi

Livonian: tõ’v

Livvi: tyvi

Ludian: tüvi

Veps: tüvi

Võro: tüvi

Votic: tüvi

From Proto-Finno-Ugric *tüŋe. Cognates include Hungarian tő.


kanta

kanta (nominative singular)
kandat (nominative plural)
kandan (accusative singular)
kandat (accusative plural)
kandan (genitive singular)
kantadën (genitive plural)
kantoidën (genitive plural)
kantada (partitive singular)
kantoida (partitive plural)
kandassa (inessive singular)
kandahna (inessive singular)
kandoissa (inessive plural)
kandoihna (inessive plural)
kandasta (elative singular)
kandoista (elative plural)
kantahën (illative singular)
kantoihën (illative plural)
kandalla (adessive singular)
kandoilla (adessive plural)
kandalta (ablative singular)
kandoilta (ablative plural)
kantalën (allative singular)
kantalëk (allative singular)
kantoilën (allative plural)
kantoilëk (allative plural)
kantana (essive singular)
kantoina (essive plural)
kandaksi (singular translative)
kandoiksi (plural translative)
kandan (instructive singular)
kandoin (instructive plural)
kantanëk (comitative singular)
kantoinëk (comitative plural)
kandatta (abessive singular)
kandoitta (abessive plural)

Estonian: kand

Finnish: kanta

→ Northern Sami: gáddu

Ingrian: kanta

Karelian:

North Karelian: kanta

South Karelian: kanda

Livonian: kūonda

Livvi: kandu

Ludian: kand

Veps: kand

Votic: kantõ


sula

sula (nominative singular)
sulat (nominative plural)
sulan (accusative singular)
sulat (accusative plural)
sulan (genitive singular)
suladën (genitive plural)
sulëidën (genitive plural)
sulada (partitive singular)
sulëida (partitive plural)
sulassa (inessive singular)
sulahna (inessive singular)
sulëissa (inessive plural)
sulëihna (inessive plural)
sulasta (elative singular)
sulëista (elative plural)
sulahën (illative singular)
sulëihën (illative plural)
sulalla (adessive singular)
sulëilla (adessive plural)
sulalta (ablative singular)
sulëilta (ablative plural)
sulalën (allative singular)
sulalëk (allative singular)
sulëilën (allative plural)
sulëilëk (allative plural)
sulana (essive singular)
sulëina (essive plural)
sulaksi (singular translative)
sulëiksi (plural translative)
sulan (instructive singular)
sulëin (instructive plural)
sulanëk (comitative singular)
sulëinëk (comitative plural)
sulatta (abessive singular)
sulëitta (abessive plural)

Estonian: sula

Finnish: sula

Ingrian: sula

Karelian:

North Karelian: šula

South Karelian: šula

Livonian: sulā

Livvi: sula

Ludian: sula

Veps: sula

Võro: sula

Votic: sula


aho

aho (nominative singular)
ahot (nominative plural)
ahon (accusative singular)
ahot (accusative plural)
ahon (genitive singular)
ahodën (genitive plural)
ahoidën (genitive plural)
ahoda (partitive singular)
ahoida (partitive plural)
ahossa (inessive singular)
ahohna (inessive singular)
ahoissa (inessive plural)
ahoihna (inessive plural)
ahosta (elative singular)
ahoista (elative plural)
ahohën (illative singular)
ahoihën (illative plural)
aholla (adessive singular)
ahoilla (adessive plural)
aholta (ablative singular)
ahoilta (ablative plural)
aholën (allative singular)
aholëk (allative singular)
ahoilën (allative plural)
ahoilëk (allative plural)
ahona (essive singular)
ahoina (essive plural)
ahoksi (singular translative)
ahoiksi (plural translative)
ahon (instructive singular)
ahoin (instructive plural)
ahonëk (comitative singular)
ahoinëk (comitative plural)
ahotta (abessive singular)
ahoitta (abessive plural)

Estonian: ahu

Finnish: aho

Ingrian: aho

Karelian:

North Karelian: aho

South Karelian: aho

Livvi: aho

Votic: aho

Possibly borrowed from Proto-Germanic *askǭ.

abandoned swidden; glade (grassy open or cleared space in a forest)


muru

muru (nominative singular)
murut (nominative plural)
murun (accusative singular)
murut (accusative plural)
murun (genitive singular)
murudën (genitive plural)
muruidën (genitive plural)
muruda (partitive singular)
muruida (partitive plural)
murussa (inessive singular)
muruhna (inessive singular)
muruissa (inessive plural)
muruihna (inessive plural)
murusta (elative singular)
muruista (elative plural)
muruhën (illative singular)
muruihën (illative plural)
murulla (adessive singular)
muruilla (adessive plural)
murulta (ablative singular)
muruilta (ablative plural)
murulën (allative singular)
murulëk (allative singular)
muruilën (allative plural)
muruilëk (allative plural)
muruna (essive singular)
muruina (essive plural)
muruksi (singular translative)
muruiksi (plural translative)
murun (instructive singular)
muruin (instructive plural)
murunëk (comitative singular)
muruinëk (comitative plural)
murutta (abessive singular)
muruitta (abessive plural)

Estonian: (dialectal) muru

Finnish: muru

Ingrian: muru

Karelian:

North Karelian: muru

South Karelian: muru

Livvi: muru

Ludian: muru

Veps: muru

Votic: muru

*mur- + *-u. From the same root as *murëda and *murtadak.


topi

topi (nominative singular)
tobët (nominative plural)
tobën (accusative singular)
tobët (accusative plural)
tobën (genitive singular)
topëdën (genitive plural)
topidën (genitive plural)
topëda (partitive singular)
topida (partitive plural)
tobëssa (inessive singular)
tobëhna (inessive singular)
tobissa (inessive plural)
tobihna (inessive plural)
tobësta (elative singular)
tobista (elative plural)
topëhën (illative singular)
topihën (illative plural)
tobëlla (adessive singular)
tobilla (adessive plural)
tobëlta (ablative singular)
tobilta (ablative plural)
topëlën (allative singular)
topëlëk (allative singular)
topilën (allative plural)
topilëk (allative plural)
topëna (essive singular)
topina (essive plural)
tobëksi (singular translative)
tobiksi (plural translative)
tobën (instructive singular)
tobin (instructive plural)
topënëk (comitative singular)
topinëk (comitative plural)
tobëtta (abessive singular)
tobitta (abessive plural)

Estonian: tõbi

→ Finnish: (dialectal, rare) topi

→ Ingrian: topi

Livonian: te’b, tö’b

Võro: tõbi

Borrowed from Proto-Germanic [Term?] (whence Old Norse dán or Icelandic svídái).


oras

oras (nominative singular)
oraksët (nominative plural)
oraksën (accusative singular)
oraksët (accusative plural)
oraksën (genitive singular)
orastën (genitive plural)
oraksidën (genitive plural)
orasta (partitive singular)
oraksita (partitive plural)
oraksëssa (inessive singular)
oraksëhna (inessive singular)
oraksissa (inessive plural)
oraksihna (inessive plural)
oraksësta (elative singular)
oraksista (elative plural)
oraksësën (illative singular)
oraksisën (illative plural)
oraksëlla (adessive singular)
oraksilla (adessive plural)
oraksëlta (ablative singular)
oraksilta (ablative plural)
oraksëlën (allative singular)
oraksëlëk (allative singular)
oraksilën (allative plural)
oraksilëk (allative plural)
orassa (essive singular)
oraksina (essive plural)
oraksëksi (singular translative)
oraksiksi (plural translative)
oraksën (instructive singular)
oraksin (instructive plural)
orassëk (comitative singular)
oraksinëk (comitative plural)
oraksëtta (abessive singular)
oraksitta (abessive plural)
oras (nominative singular)
orahët (nominative plural)
orahën (accusative singular)
orahët (accusative plural)
orahën (genitive singular)
orastën (genitive plural)
orahidën (genitive plural)
orasta (partitive singular)
orahita (partitive plural)
orahëssa (inessive singular)
orahëhna (inessive singular)
orahissa (inessive plural)
orahihna (inessive plural)
orahësta (elative singular)
orahista (elative plural)
orahësën (illative singular)
orahisën (illative plural)
orahëlla (adessive singular)
orahilla (adessive plural)
orahëlta (ablative singular)
orahilta (ablative plural)
orahëlën (allative singular)
orahëlëk (allative singular)
orahilën (allative plural)
orahilëk (allative plural)
orassa (essive singular)
orahina (essive plural)
orahëksi (singular translative)
orahiksi (plural translative)
orahën (instructive singular)
orahin (instructive plural)
orassëk (comitative singular)
orahinëk (comitative plural)
orahëtta (abessive singular)
orahitta (abessive plural)

Estonian: oras

Finnish: oras

Ingrian: oras

Karelian:

North Karelian: oraš

South Karelian: oraš

Livonian: vȯrūks

Livvi: oras

Ludian: oraz

Veps: oraz, oraž

Võro: oras

Votic: õraz

From *ora + *-s (Northern Finnic) or *ora + *-s (others).

shoot or shoots of cereal or cultivated hay


sarna

sarna (nominative singular)
sarnat (nominative plural)
sarnan (accusative singular)
sarnat (accusative plural)
sarnan (genitive singular)
sarnadën (genitive plural)
sarnoidën (genitive plural)
sarnada (partitive singular)
sarnoida (partitive plural)
sarnassa (inessive singular)
sarnahna (inessive singular)
sarnoissa (inessive plural)
sarnoihna (inessive plural)
sarnasta (elative singular)
sarnoista (elative plural)
sarnahën (illative singular)
sarnoihën (illative plural)
sarnalla (adessive singular)
sarnoilla (adessive plural)
sarnalta (ablative singular)
sarnoilta (ablative plural)
sarnalën (allative singular)
sarnalëk (allative singular)
sarnoilën (allative plural)
sarnoilëk (allative plural)
sarnana (essive singular)
sarnoina (essive plural)
sarnaksi (singular translative)
sarnoiksi (plural translative)
sarnan (instructive singular)
sarnoin (instructive plural)
sarnanëk (comitative singular)
sarnoinëk (comitative plural)
sarnatta (abessive singular)
sarnoitta (abessive plural)

Finnish: saarna

Karelian: soarna

Livvi: suarnu

Ludian: suarn

Veps: sarn

⇒ Votic: saarnalain

→ Proto-Samic: *sārnē

Estonian: sarnane

Võro: sarnanõ

From Proto-Finno-Ugric *śarna (“incantation, speech”). Cognate with Proto-Permic *śɔrńi.


aita

aita (nominative singular)
aidat (nominative plural)
aidan (accusative singular)
aidat (accusative plural)
aidan (genitive singular)
aitadën (genitive plural)
aitoidën (genitive plural)
aitada (partitive singular)
aitoida (partitive plural)
aidassa (inessive singular)
aidahna (inessive singular)
aidoissa (inessive plural)
aidoihna (inessive plural)
aidasta (elative singular)
aidoista (elative plural)
aitahën (illative singular)
aitoihën (illative plural)
aidalla (adessive singular)
aidoilla (adessive plural)
aidalta (ablative singular)
aidoilta (ablative plural)
aitalën (allative singular)
aitalëk (allative singular)
aitoilën (allative plural)
aitoilëk (allative plural)
aitana (essive singular)
aitoina (essive plural)
aidaksi (singular translative)
aidoiksi (plural translative)
aidan (instructive singular)
aidoin (instructive plural)
aitanëk (comitative singular)
aitoinëk (comitative plural)
aidatta (abessive singular)
aidoitta (abessive plural)

Estonian: aed

Finnish: aita

→ Northern Sami: áidi

Ingrian: aita

Karelian:

North Karelian: aita

South Karelian: aida

Livvi: aidu

Veps: aid

Võro: aid

Votic: aitõ

Possibly from Proto-Uralic *ajta (compare Eastern Khanty [script needed] (ať), [script needed] (åť, “fence”)).


viikko

viikko (nominative singular)
viik'ot (nominative plural)
viik'on (accusative singular)
viik'ot (accusative plural)
viik'on (genitive singular)
viikkodën (genitive plural)
viikkoidën (genitive plural)
viikkoda (partitive singular)
viikkoida (partitive plural)
viik'ossa (inessive singular)
viik'ohna (inessive singular)
viik'oissa (inessive plural)
viik'oihna (inessive plural)
viik'osta (elative singular)
viik'oista (elative plural)
viikkohën (illative singular)
viikkoihën (illative plural)
viik'olla (adessive singular)
viik'oilla (adessive plural)
viik'olta (ablative singular)
viik'oilta (ablative plural)
viikkolën (allative singular)
viikkolëk (allative singular)
viikkoilën (allative plural)
viikkoilëk (allative plural)
viikkona (essive singular)
viikkoina (essive plural)
viik'oksi (singular translative)
viik'oiksi (plural translative)
viik'on (instructive singular)
viik'oin (instructive plural)
viikkonëk (comitative singular)
viikkoinëk (comitative plural)
viik'otta (abessive singular)
viik'oitta (abessive plural)

Finnish: viikko

Ingrian: viikko

Karelian:

North Karelian: viikko

South Karelian: viikko

Livvi: viikko

Ludian: viikon

Votic: viikko

Borrowed from Proto-Norse *ᚹᛁᚲᛟ (*wiko), from Proto-Germanic *wikǭ.


vaka

vaka (nominative singular)
vagat (nominative plural)
vagan (accusative singular)
vagat (accusative plural)
vagan (genitive singular)
vakadën (genitive plural)
vakoidën (genitive plural)
vakada (partitive singular)
vakoida (partitive plural)
vagassa (inessive singular)
vagahna (inessive singular)
vagoissa (inessive plural)
vagoihna (inessive plural)
vagasta (elative singular)
vagoista (elative plural)
vakahën (illative singular)
vakoihën (illative plural)
vagalla (adessive singular)
vagoilla (adessive plural)
vagalta (ablative singular)
vagoilta (ablative plural)
vakalën (allative singular)
vakalëk (allative singular)
vakoilën (allative plural)
vakoilëk (allative plural)
vakana (essive singular)
vakoina (essive plural)
vagaksi (singular translative)
vagoiksi (plural translative)
vagan (instructive singular)
vagoin (instructive plural)
vakanëk (comitative singular)
vakoinëk (comitative plural)
vagatta (abessive singular)
vagoitta (abessive plural)

Estonian: vaga

Finnish: vakaa, (archaic) vaka

Ingrian: vaka

Livonian: vagā

Võro: vaga

Votic: vaka

From earlier *waka. Cognate with Proto-Samic *vuokē.


mek

me (nominative plural)
möö (nominative plural)
medet (accusative plural)
meidet (accusative plural)
meden (genitive plural)
meiden (genitive plural)
meitä (partitive plural)
meissä (inessive plural)
meihnä (inessive plural)
meistä (elative plural)
meisen (illative plural)
meillä (adessive plural)
meiltä (ablative plural)
meilen (allative plural)
meilek (allative plural)
meinä (essive plural)
meiksi (plural translative)
mein (instructive plural)
meinek (comitative plural)
meittä (abessive plural)

Estonian: me, meie (from the genitive)

Finnish: me

Kven: met

Livonian: meg

Võro: mi, miiq


kulo

kulo (nominative singular)
kulot (nominative plural)
kulon (accusative singular)
kulot (accusative plural)
kulon (genitive singular)
kulodën (genitive plural)
kuloidën (genitive plural)
kuloda (partitive singular)
kuloida (partitive plural)
kulossa (inessive singular)
kulohna (inessive singular)
kuloissa (inessive plural)
kuloihna (inessive plural)
kulosta (elative singular)
kuloista (elative plural)
kulohën (illative singular)
kuloihën (illative plural)
kulolla (adessive singular)
kuloilla (adessive plural)
kulolta (ablative singular)
kuloilta (ablative plural)
kulolën (allative singular)
kulolëk (allative singular)
kuloilën (allative plural)
kuloilëk (allative plural)
kulona (essive singular)
kuloina (essive plural)
kuloksi (singular translative)
kuloiksi (plural translative)
kulon (instructive singular)
kuloin (instructive plural)
kulonëk (comitative singular)
kuloinëk (comitative plural)
kulotta (abessive singular)
kuloitta (abessive plural)

Estonian: kulu

Finnish: kulo

Ingrian: kulo

Karelian: kulo

Livonian: ku’l

Livvi: kulo

Ludian: kulo

Veps: kulo

Võro: kulu

Votic: kulo

Borrowed from Proto-Baltic [Term?] (whence Latvian kūla).


suci

suci (nominative singular)
sudët (nominative plural)
sudën (accusative singular)
sudët (accusative plural)
sudën (genitive singular)
sut'ën (genitive plural)
sucidën (genitive plural)
sutta (partitive singular)
sucida (partitive plural)
sudëssa (inessive singular)
sudëhna (inessive singular)
sucissa (inessive plural)
sucihna (inessive plural)
sudësta (elative singular)
sucista (elative plural)
sutëhën (illative singular)
sucihën (illative plural)
sudëlla (adessive singular)
sucilla (adessive plural)
sudëlta (ablative singular)
sucilta (ablative plural)
sutëlën (allative singular)
sutëlëk (allative singular)
sucilën (allative plural)
sucilëk (allative plural)
sunna (essive singular)
sucina (essive plural)
sudëksi (singular translative)
suciksi (plural translative)
sudën (instructive singular)
sucin (instructive plural)
sunnëk (comitative singular)
sucinëk (comitative plural)
sudëtta (abessive singular)
sucitta (abessive plural)

Estonian: susi

Finnish: susi

Ingrian: susi

Karelian: šusi

Livonian:

Courland Livonian: su’ž

Vidzeme Livonian: suiz

Võro: susi

Votic: susi

According to Koivulehto, from earlier *śunći, from a descendant of Proto-Indo-European *ḱwn̥tós (compare Proto-Germanic *hundaz). The proposal remains uncertain, as it requires assuming that loss of *n before *ś (compare *kusi, *osa) took place also before *ć from the palatalization of *t, followed by paradigmatic levelling to the oblique cases; and that in all previously known examples levelling to the opposite direction took place (compare e.g. *kanci, *länci, *onci).


kutu

kutu (nominative singular)
kudut (nominative plural)
kudun (accusative singular)
kudut (accusative plural)
kudun (genitive singular)
kutudën (genitive plural)
kutuidën (genitive plural)
kutuda (partitive singular)
kutuida (partitive plural)
kudussa (inessive singular)
kuduhna (inessive singular)
kuduissa (inessive plural)
kuduihna (inessive plural)
kudusta (elative singular)
kuduista (elative plural)
kutuhën (illative singular)
kutuihën (illative plural)
kudulla (adessive singular)
kuduilla (adessive plural)
kudulta (ablative singular)
kuduilta (ablative plural)
kutulën (allative singular)
kutulëk (allative singular)
kutuilën (allative plural)
kutuilëk (allative plural)
kutuna (essive singular)
kutuina (essive plural)
kuduksi (singular translative)
kuduiksi (plural translative)
kudun (instructive singular)
kuduin (instructive plural)
kutunëk (comitative singular)
kutuinëk (comitative plural)
kudutta (abessive singular)
kuduitta (abessive plural)

Estonian: kudu

Finnish: kutu

Ingrian: kutu

Karelian: kutu (Northern), kudu (Southern)

Livonian: ku’d

Livvi: kudu

Ludian: kudu

Võro: kudu

Votic: kutu


tina

tina (nominative singular)
tinat (nominative plural)
tinan (accusative singular)
tinat (accusative plural)
tinan (genitive singular)
tinadën (genitive plural)
tinoidën (genitive plural)
tinada (partitive singular)
tinoida (partitive plural)
tinassa (inessive singular)
tinahna (inessive singular)
tinoissa (inessive plural)
tinoihna (inessive plural)
tinasta (elative singular)
tinoista (elative plural)
tinahën (illative singular)
tinoihën (illative plural)
tinalla (adessive singular)
tinoilla (adessive plural)
tinalta (ablative singular)
tinoilta (ablative plural)
tinalën (allative singular)
tinalëk (allative singular)
tinoilën (allative plural)
tinoilëk (allative plural)
tinana (essive singular)
tinoina (essive plural)
tinaksi (singular translative)
tinoiksi (plural translative)
tinan (instructive singular)
tinoin (instructive plural)
tinanëk (comitative singular)
tinoinëk (comitative plural)
tinatta (abessive singular)
tinoitta (abessive plural)

Estonian: tina

Finnish: tina

Ingrian: tina

Karelian: tina

Livonian: tinā, (Salaca) tina

Livvi: tina

Ludian: tina

Veps: tina

Võro: tina

Votic: tina


salo

salo (nominative singular)
salot (nominative plural)
salon (accusative singular)
salot (accusative plural)
salon (genitive singular)
salodën (genitive plural)
saloidën (genitive plural)
saloda (partitive singular)
saloida (partitive plural)
salossa (inessive singular)
salohna (inessive singular)
saloissa (inessive plural)
saloihna (inessive plural)
salosta (elative singular)
saloista (elative plural)
salohën (illative singular)
saloihën (illative plural)
salolla (adessive singular)
saloilla (adessive plural)
salolta (ablative singular)
saloilta (ablative plural)
salolën (allative singular)
salolëk (allative singular)
saloilën (allative plural)
saloilëk (allative plural)
salona (essive singular)
saloina (essive plural)
saloksi (singular translative)
saloiksi (plural translative)
salon (instructive singular)
saloin (instructive plural)
salonëk (comitative singular)
saloinëk (comitative plural)
salotta (abessive singular)
saloitta (abessive plural)

Estonian: salu

Finnish: salo

Karelian: salo

Borrowed from a Baltic source related to Latvian sala and Lithuanian sala (“island”) or otherwise connected to this root. Related to Proto-Samic *suolōj.


kasi

kasi (nominative singular)
kasët (nominative plural)
kasën (accusative singular)
kasët (accusative plural)
kasën (genitive singular)
kastën (genitive plural)
kasidën (genitive plural)
kasta (partitive singular)
kasida (partitive plural)
kasëssa (inessive singular)
kasëhna (inessive singular)
kasissa (inessive plural)
kasihna (inessive plural)
kasësta (elative singular)
kasista (elative plural)
kasëhën (illative singular)
kasihën (illative plural)
kasëlla (adessive singular)
kasilla (adessive plural)
kasëlta (ablative singular)
kasilta (ablative plural)
kasëlën (allative singular)
kasëlëk (allative singular)
kasilën (allative plural)
kasilëk (allative plural)
kassa (essive singular)
kasina (essive plural)
kasëksi (singular translative)
kasiksi (plural translative)
kasën (instructive singular)
kasin (instructive plural)
kassëk (comitative singular)
kasinëk (comitative plural)
kasëtta (abessive singular)
kasitta (abessive plural)

Estonian: (dialectal) kasi

Finnish: (dialectal) kasi

Ingrian: (folk poetic) kasi

Finnish: kasinen

Livonian: kaʼžži


keli

Finnic (Northern)
keli (nominative singular)
kelit (nominative plural)
kelin (accusative singular)
kelit (accusative plural)
kelin (genitive singular)
keliden (genitive plural)
kelejiden (genitive plural)
kelidä (partitive singular)
kelejitä (partitive plural)
kelissä (inessive singular)
kelihnä (inessive singular)
kelejissä (inessive plural)
kelejihnä (inessive plural)
kelistä (elative singular)
kelejistä (elative plural)
kelihen (illative singular)
kelejisen (illative plural)
kelillä (adessive singular)
kelejillä (adessive plural)
keliltä (ablative singular)
kelejiltä (ablative plural)
kelilen (allative singular)
kelilek (allative singular)
kelejilen (allative plural)
kelejilek (allative plural)
kelinä (essive singular)
kelejinä (essive plural)
keliksi (singular translative)
kelejiksi (plural translative)
kelin (instructive singular)
kelejin (instructive plural)
kelinek (comitative singular)
kelejinek (comitative plural)
kelittä (abessive singular)
kelejittä (abessive plural)

Finnish: keli

Karelian:

North Karelian: keli

South Karelian: keli

Livvi: keli

Ludian: keli

Probably from earlier *keljä, borrowed from Proto-Baltic *kel- (whence Latvian ceļš, Lithuanian kelias) and derived with + *-i.

weather conditions relating specifically to surfaces for travel (such as road conditions or skiing conditions)


keri

keri (nominative singular)
keret (nominative plural)
keren (accusative singular)
keret (accusative plural)
keren (genitive singular)
kerden (genitive plural)
keriden (genitive plural)
kertä (partitive singular)
keridä (partitive plural)
keressä (inessive singular)
kerehnä (inessive singular)
kerissä (inessive plural)
kerihnä (inessive plural)
kerestä (elative singular)
keristä (elative plural)
kerehen (illative singular)
kerihen (illative plural)
kerellä (adessive singular)
kerillä (adessive plural)
kereltä (ablative singular)
keriltä (ablative plural)
kerelen (allative singular)
kerelek (allative singular)
kerilen (allative plural)
kerilek (allative plural)
kernä (essive singular)
kerinä (essive plural)
kereksi (singular translative)
keriksi (plural translative)
keren (instructive singular)
kerin (instructive plural)
kernek (comitative singular)
kerinek (comitative plural)
kerettä (abessive singular)
kerittä (abessive plural)

Estonian: kere, (dialectal) keri

Finnish: keri

Livonian: kõ’r

Votic: tšeri

From Proto-Finno-Ugric *kere. Cognates include Hungarian köré.


ava

ava (nominative singular)
avat (nominative plural)
avan (accusative singular)
avat (accusative plural)
avan (genitive singular)
avadën (genitive plural)
avoidën (genitive plural)
avada (partitive singular)
avoida (partitive plural)
avassa (inessive singular)
avahna (inessive singular)
avoissa (inessive plural)
avoihna (inessive plural)
avasta (elative singular)
avoista (elative plural)
avahën (illative singular)
avoihën (illative plural)
avalla (adessive singular)
avoilla (adessive plural)
avalta (ablative singular)
avoilta (ablative plural)
avalën (allative singular)
avalëk (allative singular)
avoilën (allative plural)
avoilëk (allative plural)
avana (essive singular)
avoina (essive plural)
avaksi (singular translative)
avoiksi (plural translative)
avan (instructive singular)
avoin (instructive plural)
avanëk (comitative singular)
avoinëk (comitative plural)
avatta (abessive singular)
avoitta (abessive plural)

Estonian: ava

Finnish: ava (dialectal), ⇒ avo-

⇒ Ingrian: avollaa


tuju

tuju (nominative singular)
tujut (nominative plural)
tujun (accusative singular)
tujut (accusative plural)
tujun (genitive singular)
tujudën (genitive plural)
tujuidën (genitive plural)
tujuda (partitive singular)
tujuida (partitive plural)
tujussa (inessive singular)
tujuhna (inessive singular)
tujuissa (inessive plural)
tujuihna (inessive plural)
tujusta (elative singular)
tujuista (elative plural)
tujuhën (illative singular)
tujuihën (illative plural)
tujulla (adessive singular)
tujuilla (adessive plural)
tujulta (ablative singular)
tujuilta (ablative plural)
tujulën (allative singular)
tujulëk (allative singular)
tujuilën (allative plural)
tujuilëk (allative plural)
tujuna (essive singular)
tujuina (essive plural)
tujuksi (singular translative)
tujuiksi (plural translative)
tujun (instructive singular)
tujuin (instructive plural)
tujunëk (comitative singular)
tujuinëk (comitative plural)
tujutta (abessive singular)
tujuitta (abessive plural)

Estonian: tuju

Finnish: tuju

Karelian:

South Karelian: tuju

Võro: tujo

Votic: tuju


jälki

jälki (nominative singular)
jälget (nominative plural)
jälgen (accusative singular)
jälget (accusative plural)
jälgen (genitive singular)
jälkeden (genitive plural)
jälkiden (genitive plural)
jälkedä (partitive singular)
jälkidä (partitive plural)
jälgessä (inessive singular)
jälgehnä (inessive singular)
jälgissä (inessive plural)
jälgihnä (inessive plural)
jälgestä (elative singular)
jälgistä (elative plural)
jälkehen (illative singular)
jälkihen (illative plural)
jälgellä (adessive singular)
jälgillä (adessive plural)
jälgeltä (ablative singular)
jälgiltä (ablative plural)
jälkelen (allative singular)
jälkelek (allative singular)
jälkilen (allative plural)
jälkilek (allative plural)
jälkenä (essive singular)
jälkinä (essive plural)
jälgeksi (singular translative)
jälgiksi (plural translative)
jälgen (instructive singular)
jälgin (instructive plural)
jälkenek (comitative singular)
jälkinek (comitative plural)
jälgettä (abessive singular)
jälgittä (abessive plural)

Estonian: jälg

Finnish: jälki

Ingrian: jälki; jälki-

Karelian: jälki

Livvi: jälgi

Ludian: d'älg

Veps: jälg

Võro: jälg'

Votic: jältši

From Proto-Finno-Ugric *jelkä or *jälke.


viina

viina (nominative singular)
viinat (nominative plural)
viinan (accusative singular)
viinat (accusative plural)
viinan (genitive singular)
viinadën (genitive plural)
viinoidën (genitive plural)
viinada (partitive singular)
viinoida (partitive plural)
viinassa (inessive singular)
viinahna (inessive singular)
viinoissa (inessive plural)
viinoihna (inessive plural)
viinasta (elative singular)
viinoista (elative plural)
viinahën (illative singular)
viinoihën (illative plural)
viinalla (adessive singular)
viinoilla (adessive plural)
viinalta (ablative singular)
viinoilta (ablative plural)
viinalën (allative singular)
viinalëk (allative singular)
viinoilën (allative plural)
viinoilëk (allative plural)
viinana (essive singular)
viinoina (essive plural)
viinaksi (singular translative)
viinoiksi (plural translative)
viinan (instructive singular)
viinoin (instructive plural)
viinanëk (comitative singular)
viinoinëk (comitative plural)
viinatta (abessive singular)
viinoitta (abessive plural)

Estonian: viin

Finnish: viina

Ingrian: viina

Karelian: viina

Livvi: viinu

Ludian: viin, viine͔

Veps: vin

Võro: viin

Votic: viinõ

→ Proto-Samic:

Kildin Sami: выннҍ (vynn’)

Northern Sami: viidni

Borrowed from Proto-Germanic *wīną (possibly Proto-Norse), from Latin vīnum.


liha

liha (nominative singular)
lihat (nominative plural)
lihan (accusative singular)
lihat (accusative plural)
lihan (genitive singular)
lihadën (genitive plural)
lihoidën (genitive plural)
lihada (partitive singular)
lihoida (partitive plural)
lihassa (inessive singular)
lihahna (inessive singular)
lihoissa (inessive plural)
lihoihna (inessive plural)
lihasta (elative singular)
lihoista (elative plural)
lihahën (illative singular)
lihoihën (illative plural)
lihalla (adessive singular)
lihoilla (adessive plural)
lihalta (ablative singular)
lihoilta (ablative plural)
lihalën (allative singular)
lihalëk (allative singular)
lihoilën (allative plural)
lihoilëk (allative plural)
lihana (essive singular)
lihoina (essive plural)
lihaksi (singular translative)
lihoiksi (plural translative)
lihan (instructive singular)
lihoin (instructive plural)
lihanëk (comitative singular)
lihoinëk (comitative plural)
lihatta (abessive singular)
lihoitta (abessive plural)

Estonian: liha

Finnish: liha

Ingrian: liha

Karelian: liha

Livonian: leja

Livvi: liha

Ludian: liha

Veps: liha

Võro: liha

Votic: liha

Unknown. If from earlier *likša, the word may be connected to Proto-Samic *liškē (“surface, skin”), with an ancestral meaning "skin, meat, flesh" (which need not have been distinguished in the past). Since no further etymology is known, a borrowing from a substrate has been proposed.


ota

ota (nominative singular)
odat (nominative plural)
odan (accusative singular)
odat (accusative plural)
odan (genitive singular)
otadën (genitive plural)
otëidën (genitive plural)
otada (partitive singular)
otëida (partitive plural)
odassa (inessive singular)
odahna (inessive singular)
odëissa (inessive plural)
odëihna (inessive plural)
odasta (elative singular)
odëista (elative plural)
otahën (illative singular)
otëihën (illative plural)
odalla (adessive singular)
odëilla (adessive plural)
odalta (ablative singular)
odëilta (ablative plural)
otalën (allative singular)
otalëk (allative singular)
otëilën (allative plural)
otëilëk (allative plural)
otana (essive singular)
otëina (essive plural)
odaksi (singular translative)
odëiksi (plural translative)
odan (instructive singular)
odëin (instructive plural)
otanëk (comitative singular)
otëinëk (comitative plural)
odatta (abessive singular)
odëitta (abessive plural)

Estonian: oda

Finnish: ota

Livonian: vȯdā, vuodā

⇒ Veps: odeg

→ Russian: одега (odega)

Võro: oda

Possibly from Proto-Uralic *woča (“fence, fishweir”) (whence also *otava).


cikla

cikla (nominative singular)
ciklat (nominative plural)
ciklan (accusative singular)
ciklat (accusative plural)
ciklan (genitive singular)
cikladën (genitive plural)
cikloidën (genitive plural)
ciklada (partitive singular)
cikloida (partitive plural)
ciklassa (inessive singular)
ciklahna (inessive singular)
cikloissa (inessive plural)
cikloihna (inessive plural)
ciklasta (elative singular)
cikloista (elative plural)
ciklahën (illative singular)
cikloihën (illative plural)
ciklalla (adessive singular)
cikloilla (adessive plural)
ciklalta (ablative singular)
cikloilta (ablative plural)
ciklalën (allative singular)
ciklalëk (allative singular)
cikloilën (allative plural)
cikloilëk (allative plural)
ciklana (essive singular)
cikloina (essive plural)
ciklaksi (singular translative)
cikloiksi (plural translative)
ciklan (instructive singular)
cikloin (instructive plural)
ciklanëk (comitative singular)
cikloinëk (comitative plural)
ciklatta (abessive singular)
cikloitta (abessive plural)

Finnish: siula

→ Inari Sami: sivlá

→ Skolt Sami: seuʹll

→ Northern Sami: sivli

Karelian:

North Karelian: sikla, šikla

South Karelian: sigla

Livvi: siglu

Ludian: šigl

From earlier *tikla, borrowed from Proto-Baltic *tinklas (whence Latvian tīkls, Lithuanian tinklas).

net or mesh in a wing of a seine, located furthest along it; side net or mesh in a seine


apu

apu (nominative singular)
abut (nominative plural)
abun (accusative singular)
abut (accusative plural)
abun (genitive singular)
apudën (genitive plural)
apuidën (genitive plural)
apuda (partitive singular)
apuida (partitive plural)
abussa (inessive singular)
abuhna (inessive singular)
abuissa (inessive plural)
abuihna (inessive plural)
abusta (elative singular)
abuista (elative plural)
apuhën (illative singular)
apuihën (illative plural)
abulla (adessive singular)
abuilla (adessive plural)
abulta (ablative singular)
abuilta (ablative plural)
apulën (allative singular)
apulëk (allative singular)
apuilën (allative plural)
apuilëk (allative plural)
apuna (essive singular)
apuina (essive plural)
abuksi (singular translative)
abuiksi (plural translative)
abun (instructive singular)
abuin (instructive plural)
apunëk (comitative singular)
apuinëk (comitative plural)
abutta (abessive singular)
abuitta (abessive plural)

Finnish: apu

Ingrian: apu

Karelian:

North Karelian: apu

South Karelian: abu

Livvi: abu

Ludian: abu

Veps: abu

(Northern Finnic) Alternative form of *api


ruho

Finnic (Northern)
ruho (nominative singular)
ruhot (nominative plural)
ruhon (accusative singular)
ruhot (accusative plural)
ruhon (genitive singular)
ruhodën (genitive plural)
ruhoidën (genitive plural)
ruhoda (partitive singular)
ruhoida (partitive plural)
ruhossa (inessive singular)
ruhohna (inessive singular)
ruhoissa (inessive plural)
ruhoihna (inessive plural)
ruhosta (elative singular)
ruhoista (elative plural)
ruhohën (illative singular)
ruhoihën (illative plural)
ruholla (adessive singular)
ruhoilla (adessive plural)
ruholta (ablative singular)
ruhoilta (ablative plural)
ruholën (allative singular)
ruholëk (allative singular)
ruhoilën (allative plural)
ruhoilëk (allative plural)
ruhona (essive singular)
ruhoina (essive plural)
ruhoksi (singular translative)
ruhoiksi (plural translative)
ruhon (instructive singular)
ruhoin (instructive plural)
ruhonëk (comitative singular)
ruhoinëk (comitative plural)
ruhotta (abessive singular)
ruhoitta (abessive plural)

Finnish: ruho

Ingrian: ruho

Karelian:

North Karelian: ruho

South Karelian: ruho

Livvi: ruho

Borrowed from Proto-Germanic [Term?] (whence Old Norse hrør (“corpse”) and derived Old English gehror (“ruin, death”)).


härkä

härkä (nominative singular)
härgät (nominative plural)
härgän (accusative singular)
härgät (accusative plural)
härgän (genitive singular)
härkäden (genitive plural)
härkeiden (genitive plural)
härkädä (partitive singular)
härkeidä (partitive plural)
härgässä (inessive singular)
härgähnä (inessive singular)
härgeissä (inessive plural)
härgeihnä (inessive plural)
härgästä (elative singular)
härgeistä (elative plural)
härkähen (illative singular)
härkeihen (illative plural)
härgällä (adessive singular)
härgeillä (adessive plural)
härgältä (ablative singular)
härgeiltä (ablative plural)
härkälen (allative singular)
härkälek (allative singular)
härkeilen (allative plural)
härkeilek (allative plural)
härkänä (essive singular)
härkeinä (essive plural)
härgäksi (singular translative)
härgeiksi (plural translative)
härgän (instructive singular)
härgein (instructive plural)
härkänek (comitative singular)
härkeinek (comitative plural)
härgättä (abessive singular)
härgeittä (abessive plural)

Estonian: härg

Finnish: härkä

Ingrian: härkä

Karelian:

North Karelian: härkä

South Karelian: härgä

Livonian: ǟrga

Livvi: härgy

Ludian: härg

Veps: härg

Võro: härg

Votic: ärtše

→ Proto-Samic: *(h)earkē (see there for further descendants)

Probably a Proto-Baltic [Term?] loanword from the same root as Lithuanian žirgas (“steed”), Latvian zirgs (“horse”), suggesting earlier *šärkä ← *žr̥gas.


jäsen

jäsen (nominative singular)
jäsenet (nominative plural)
jäsenen (accusative singular)
jäsenet (accusative plural)
jäsenen (genitive singular)
jäsenden (genitive plural)
jäseniden (genitive plural)
jäsentä (partitive singular)
jäsenitä (partitive plural)
jäsenessä (inessive singular)
jäsenehnä (inessive singular)
jäsenissä (inessive plural)
jäsenihnä (inessive plural)
jäsenestä (elative singular)
jäsenistä (elative plural)
jäsenesen (illative singular)
jäsenisen (illative plural)
jäsenellä (adessive singular)
jäsenillä (adessive plural)
jäseneltä (ablative singular)
jäseniltä (ablative plural)
jäsenelen (allative singular)
jäsenelek (allative singular)
jäsenilen (allative plural)
jäsenilek (allative plural)
jäsennä (essive singular)
jäseninä (essive plural)
jäseneksi (singular translative)
jäseniksi (plural translative)
jäsenen (instructive singular)
jäsenin (instructive plural)
jäsennek (comitative singular)
jäseninek (comitative plural)
jäsenettä (abessive singular)
jäsenittä (abessive plural)

Estonian: jäse

Finnish: jäsen

Ingrian: jäsen

→ Votic: jäsen

Karelian: jäsen


varsa

varsa (nominative singular)
varsat (nominative plural)
varsan (accusative singular)
varsat (accusative plural)
varsan (genitive singular)
varsadën (genitive plural)
varsoidën (genitive plural)
varsada (partitive singular)
varsoida (partitive plural)
varsassa (inessive singular)
varsahna (inessive singular)
varsoissa (inessive plural)
varsoihna (inessive plural)
varsasta (elative singular)
varsoista (elative plural)
varsahën (illative singular)
varsoihën (illative plural)
varsalla (adessive singular)
varsoilla (adessive plural)
varsalta (ablative singular)
varsoilta (ablative plural)
varsalën (allative singular)
varsalëk (allative singular)
varsoilën (allative plural)
varsoilëk (allative plural)
varsana (essive singular)
varsoina (essive plural)
varsaksi (singular translative)
varsoiksi (plural translative)
varsan (instructive singular)
varsoin (instructive plural)
varsanëk (comitative singular)
varsoinëk (comitative plural)
varsatta (abessive singular)
varsoitta (abessive plural)

Estonian: varss

Finnish: varsa

Ingrian: varsa

Karelian: varsa, varza

→ Russian: ва́ржа (várža, “foal”)

Livonian: vārza

Livvi: varzu

Ludian: varz

Veps: varz

Votic: varsõ

Borrowed from Indo-Iranian. Compare e.g. Sanskrit वृषन् (vṛṣan, “male animal”), Ossetian вурс (vurs, “stallion”).

a foal, in particular a male one; a young stallion


aivo

aivo (nominative singular)
aivot (nominative plural)
aivon (accusative singular)
aivot (accusative plural)
aivon (genitive singular)
aivodën (genitive plural)
aivoidën (genitive plural)
aivoda (partitive singular)
aivoida (partitive plural)
aivossa (inessive singular)
aivohna (inessive singular)
aivoissa (inessive plural)
aivoihna (inessive plural)
aivosta (elative singular)
aivoista (elative plural)
aivohën (illative singular)
aivoihën (illative plural)
aivolla (adessive singular)
aivoilla (adessive plural)
aivolta (ablative singular)
aivoilta (ablative plural)
aivolën (allative singular)
aivolëk (allative singular)
aivoilën (allative plural)
aivoilëk (allative plural)
aivona (essive singular)
aivoina (essive plural)
aivoksi (singular translative)
aivoiksi (plural translative)
aivon (instructive singular)
aivoin (instructive plural)
aivonëk (comitative singular)
aivoinëk (comitative plural)
aivotta (abessive singular)
aivoitta (abessive plural)

Estonian: aju

Finnish: aivot pl, (archaic) aivo

Ingrian: aivo, aiva

Karelian:

North Karelian: aivot pl

South Karelian: (dialectal) aivot pl

Livvi: aivot pl

Veps: aiv, aivod pl

Võro: ajo, aivõq pl

Votic: ajud pl


tek

te (nominative plural)
töö (nominative plural)
tedet (accusative plural)
teidet (accusative plural)
teden (genitive plural)
teiden (genitive plural)
teitä (partitive plural)
teissä (inessive plural)
teihnä (inessive plural)
teistä (elative plural)
teisen (illative plural)
teillä (adessive plural)
teiltä (ablative plural)
teilen (allative plural)
teilek (allative plural)
teinä (essive plural)
teiksi (plural translative)
tein (instructive plural)
teinek (comitative plural)
teittä (abessive plural)

Estonian: teie, te

Finnish: te

Livonian: tēg, teg

Võro: ti, tiiq


aisa

aisa (nominative singular)
aisat (nominative plural)
aisan (accusative singular)
aisat (accusative plural)
aisan (genitive singular)
aisadën (genitive plural)
aisoidën (genitive plural)
aisada (partitive singular)
aisoida (partitive plural)
aisassa (inessive singular)
aisahna (inessive singular)
aisoissa (inessive plural)
aisoihna (inessive plural)
aisasta (elative singular)
aisoista (elative plural)
aisahën (illative singular)
aisoihën (illative plural)
aisalla (adessive singular)
aisoilla (adessive plural)
aisalta (ablative singular)
aisoilta (ablative plural)
aisalën (allative singular)
aisalëk (allative singular)
aisoilën (allative plural)
aisoilëk (allative plural)
aisana (essive singular)
aisoina (essive plural)
aisaksi (singular translative)
aisoiksi (plural translative)
aisan (instructive singular)
aisoin (instructive plural)
aisanëk (comitative singular)
aisoinëk (comitative plural)
aisatta (abessive singular)
aisoitta (abessive plural)

Estonian: ais

Finnish: aisa

→ Northern Sami: áisá

Ingrian: aisa

Karelian:

North Karelian: aisa

South Karelian: aiza

Livvi: aižu

Ludian: aiž

Veps: aiž, aižaz

Votic: aisõ

From earlier *ajësa, borrowed from Proto-Baltic *ajesa. Compare Sanskrit ईषा (īṣā).

shaft, thill (one of the poles between which an animal is harnessed to a vehicle)


hirmu

hirmu (nominative singular)
hirmut (nominative plural)
hirmun (accusative singular)
hirmut (accusative plural)
hirmun (genitive singular)
hirmudën (genitive plural)
hirmuidën (genitive plural)
hirmuda (partitive singular)
hirmuida (partitive plural)
hirmussa (inessive singular)
hirmuhna (inessive singular)
hirmuissa (inessive plural)
hirmuihna (inessive plural)
hirmusta (elative singular)
hirmuista (elative plural)
hirmuhën (illative singular)
hirmuihën (illative plural)
hirmulla (adessive singular)
hirmuilla (adessive plural)
hirmulta (ablative singular)
hirmuilta (ablative plural)
hirmulën (allative singular)
hirmulëk (allative singular)
hirmuilën (allative plural)
hirmuilëk (allative plural)
hirmuna (essive singular)
hirmuina (essive plural)
hirmuksi (singular translative)
hirmuiksi (plural translative)
hirmun (instructive singular)
hirmuin (instructive plural)
hirmunëk (comitative singular)
hirmuinëk (comitative plural)
hirmutta (abessive singular)
hirmuitta (abessive plural)

Estonian: hirm

Finnish: hirmu

→ Northern Sami: hirbma

Ingrian: hirmu

Karelian: hirmu

Livonian: irm

Võro: hirm

Votic: (Kattila) irmu

Possibly borrowed from Baltic (compare Latvian širmuļi, Lithuanian šiurpus).


sulku

sulku (nominative singular)
sulgut (nominative plural)
sulgun (accusative singular)
sulgut (accusative plural)
sulgun (genitive singular)
sulkudën (genitive plural)
sulkuidën (genitive plural)
sulkuda (partitive singular)
sulkuida (partitive plural)
sulgussa (inessive singular)
sulguhna (inessive singular)
sulguissa (inessive plural)
sulguihna (inessive plural)
sulgusta (elative singular)
sulguista (elative plural)
sulkuhën (illative singular)
sulkuihën (illative plural)
sulgulla (adessive singular)
sulguilla (adessive plural)
sulgulta (ablative singular)
sulguilta (ablative plural)
sulkulën (allative singular)
sulkulëk (allative singular)
sulkuilën (allative plural)
sulkuilëk (allative plural)
sulkuna (essive singular)
sulkuina (essive plural)
sulguksi (singular translative)
sulguiksi (plural translative)
sulgun (instructive singular)
sulguin (instructive plural)
sulkunëk (comitative singular)
sulkuinëk (comitative plural)
sulgutta (abessive singular)
sulguitta (abessive plural)

Estonian: sulg

Finnish: sulku

Karelian:

North Karelian: šulku

South Karelian: šulgu

Livonian: sulg

Võro: sulg

desc

Votic: sulku (Kattila, Kõrvõttula, Mati, Pummala)