soomi

soomi (nominative singular)
soomët (nominative plural)
soomën (accusative singular)
soomët (accusative plural)
soomën (genitive singular)
soondën (genitive plural)
soomidën (genitive plural)
soonta (partitive singular)
soomida (partitive plural)
soomëssa (inessive singular)
soomëhna (inessive singular)
soomissa (inessive plural)
soomihna (inessive plural)
soomësta (elative singular)
soomista (elative plural)
soomëhën (illative singular)
soomihën (illative plural)
soomëlla (adessive singular)
soomilla (adessive plural)
soomëlta (ablative singular)
soomilta (ablative plural)
soomëlën (allative singular)
soomëlëk (allative singular)
soomilën (allative plural)
soomilëk (allative plural)
soomëna (essive singular)
soomina (essive plural)
soomëksi (singular translative)
soomiksi (plural translative)
soomën (instructive singular)
soomin (instructive plural)
soomënëk (comitative singular)
soominëk (comitative plural)
soomëtta (abessive singular)
soomitta (abessive plural)

Estonian: soome, Soome

Finnish: suomi, Suomi (see there for further descendants)

Ingrian: soomi, Soomi

Karelian: šuomi, Šuomi

Livonian: sūom

Livvi: suomi, Suomi

Veps: suomi

Võro: Soomõ

Votic: soomi, Soomi

→ Latgalian: suomeja

→ Samogitian: Soumėjė, Suomėjė

From earlier *sämä; cognate with Proto-Samic *sāmē. Further etymology uncertain. Several theories have been proposed (mostly incompatible with the currently accepted proto-form *sämä), but none have been accepted.
One theory, proposed by Koivulehto among others, stated that the word originated from Baltic *šāma-, via Pre-Proto-Finnic *šämä from Proto-Balto-Slavic *źemē (“ground”), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰéǵʰōm; the vowel correspondences being explained by reborrowing back and forth, possibly with a late Proto-Germanic borrowing. The progress would have roughly been Proto-Indo-European *dʰéǵʰōm > Proto-Balto-Slavic *źemē (“ground”) → Pre-Proto-Finnic *šämä (> Proto-Finnic *hämä, Proto-Samic *sāmē) → Proto-Balto-Slavic *šāma- (or *sāma-, in view of Latvian sāms (“Finn, Öselian (inhabitant of Saaremaa)”), Latvian sāmenis (“northern wind”) and dialectal Lithuanian sómenis (“northwestern wind”), unless the Lithuanian word is a borrowing from Latvian) → (through Proto-Germanic?) Proto-Finnic *sooma. Koivulehto originally proposed that Proto-Balto-Slavic *šāma- would have been borrowed through Proto-Samic specifically. However, this theory assumes an improbable back-and-forth chain of borrowings, relying on too many unconfirmed assumptions, and thus has to be rejected (especially in light of current information).
Another theory proposed an origin from an earlier supposed *ćoma (“human”), either borrowed from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰmṓ or from pre-Proto-Balto-Slavic *ǵʰom-yā-. With the new information that the earlier form is actually *sämä, these too have to be rejected.
Antique ad-hoc proposals that the word is derived from *soo-maa (literally “fen land”) or *soo-neemi (literally “fen cape”), or from *soomu (“(fish) scale”) have long been considered untenable.


ciivo

From earlier *tijwo, from the same root as *ciivot'ak.


ciivo

ciivo (nominative singular)
ciivot (nominative plural)
ciivon (accusative singular)
ciivot (accusative plural)
ciivon (genitive singular)
ciivodën (genitive plural)
ciivoidën (genitive plural)
ciivoda (partitive singular)
ciivoida (partitive plural)
ciivossa (inessive singular)
ciivohna (inessive singular)
ciivoissa (inessive plural)
ciivoihna (inessive plural)
ciivosta (elative singular)
ciivoista (elative plural)
ciivohën (illative singular)
ciivoihën (illative plural)
ciivolla (adessive singular)
ciivoilla (adessive plural)
ciivolta (ablative singular)
ciivoilta (ablative plural)
ciivolën (allative singular)
ciivolëk (allative singular)
ciivoilën (allative plural)
ciivoilëk (allative plural)
ciivona (essive singular)
ciivoina (essive plural)
ciivoksi (singular translative)
ciivoiksi (plural translative)
ciivon (instructive singular)
ciivoin (instructive plural)
ciivonëk (comitative singular)
ciivoinëk (comitative plural)
ciivotta (abessive singular)
ciivoitta (abessive plural)

⇒ Estonian: siivas

Finnish: siivo

→ Inari Sami: sijvuu

→ Lule Sami: sijvvo

→ Northern Sami: siivu

→ Skolt Sami: sijvv

Ingrian: siivo

Karelian: siivo

Votic: siivo


-tadak

-tadak / *-tädäk (canonical)
-ta- / *-tä- (stem)

Estonian: -dma/-da

Finnish: -taa

Ingrian: -taa

Karelian: -toa

Livonian: -dõ

Livvi: -dua

Votic: -ta

Estonian: -tama/-tada

Livonian: -tõ

Veps: -tada

Võro: -tama/-taq

From Proto-Uralic *-ta- (verbalizer). Compare *-t'ak (causative/factitive/instrumental suffix).

Forms verbs from both nominal and verbal stems.


-it'ak

head

*-it'ak / *-it'äk (stem *-iccë- / *-icce-)

-it'ak / *-it'äk (canonical)
-iccë- / *-icce- (stem)

Finnish: -ita

From Proto-Uralic *-ńće-, *-nśe-. Apparently related to *-ic(c)ë-, *-istak and the Northern Finnic conditional marker *-ici-.


-it'ak

*-it'ak / *-it'äk (stem *-ida- / *-idä-)

-it'ak / *-it'äk (canonical)
-ida- / *-idä- (stem)

Finnish: -ita

A variant of *-t'ak (translative verb suffix) and *-t'ak (causative verb suffix). The initial *-i- is probably from the frequentative ending *-j (see *-idak).


uunas

uunas (nominative singular)
uunahët (nominative plural)
uunahën (accusative singular)
uunahët (accusative plural)
uunahën (genitive singular)
uunastën (genitive plural)
uunahidën (genitive plural)
uunasta (partitive singular)
uunahita (partitive plural)
uunahëssa (inessive singular)
uunahëhna (inessive singular)
uunahissa (inessive plural)
uunahihna (inessive plural)
uunahësta (elative singular)
uunahista (elative plural)
uunahësën (illative singular)
uunahisën (illative plural)
uunahëlla (adessive singular)
uunahilla (adessive plural)
uunahëlta (ablative singular)
uunahilta (ablative plural)
uunahëlën (allative singular)
uunahëlëk (allative singular)
uunahilën (allative plural)
uunahilëk (allative plural)
uunassa (essive singular)
uunahina (essive plural)
uunahëksi (singular translative)
uunahiksi (plural translative)
uunahën (instructive singular)
uunahin (instructive plural)
uunassëk (comitative singular)
uunahinëk (comitative plural)
uunahëtta (abessive singular)
uunahitta (abessive plural)

Finnish: (dialectal) uunas


-t'ak

-t'ak / *-t'äk (canonical)
-da- / *-dä- (stem)
-dän (first-person present singular)
-cin (first-person past singular)
-tkon (first-person optative singular)
-dät (present second-person singular)
-cit (past second-person singular)
-däk (imperative second-person singular)
-tkos (optative second-person singular)
-däpi (present singular third-person)
-t (present singular third-person)
-ci (past singular third-person)
-tkasën (imperative singular third-person)
-tkosën (optative singular third-person)
-däkmëk (first-person plural present)
-däkmak (first-person plural present)
-cimëk (first-person past plural)
-cimak (first-person past plural)
-tkatëmëk (first-person imperative plural)
-tkatamak (first-person imperative plural)
-tkotëmëk (first-person optative plural)
-tkotamak (first-person optative plural)
-däktëk (plural present second-person)
-däktak (plural present second-person)
-cidëk (past plural second-person)
-cidak (past plural second-person)
-tkatë (imperative plural second-person)
-tkata (imperative plural second-person)
-tkot'ëk (optative plural second-person)
-tkotadak (optative plural second-person)
-däbat (plural present third-person)
-t (plural present third-person)
-ci (past plural third-person)
-tkasën (imperative plural third-person)
-tkosën (optative plural third-person)
-däksën (passive present)
-dät'aksën (passive present)
-ttisën (passive past)
-dättihën (passive past)
-ttakahën (imperative passive)
-dättagasën (imperative passive)
-ttakohën (optative passive)
-dättagosën (optative passive)
-däk (connegative present)
-tkak (connegative imperative)
-tkok (connegative optative)
-däktak (connegative passive present)
-ttagak (connegative imperative passive)
-dättagak (connegative imperative passive)
-ttagok (connegative optative passive)
-dättagok (connegative optative passive)
-däkcin (conditional conditional-i first-person singular)
-cicin (conditional conditional-ii first-person singular)
-nnën (first-person potential singular)
-däkcit (conditional conditional-i second-person singular)
-cicit (conditional conditional-ii second-person singular)
-nnët (potential second-person singular)
-däkci (conditional conditional-i singular third-person)
-cici (conditional conditional-ii singular third-person)
-nni (potential singular third-person)
-däkcimëk (conditional conditional-i first-person plural)
-däkcimak (conditional conditional-i first-person plural)
-cicimëk (conditional conditional-ii first-person plural)
-cicimak (conditional conditional-ii first-person plural)
-nnëmëk (first-person plural potential)
-nnëmak (first-person plural potential)
-däkcidëk (conditional conditional-i plural second-person)
-däkcidak (conditional conditional-i plural second-person)
-cicidëk (conditional conditional-ii plural second-person)
-cicidak (conditional conditional-ii plural second-person)
-nnëdëk (plural potential second-person)
-nnëdak (plural potential second-person)
-däkci (conditional conditional-i plural third-person)
-cici (conditional conditional-ii plural third-person)
-nni (plural potential third-person)
-t'akcihën (conditional conditional-i passive)
-dät'akcisën (conditional conditional-i passive)
-tticihën (conditional conditional-ii passive)
-dätticisën (conditional conditional-ii passive)
-ttanëhën (passive potential)
-dättanësën (passive potential)
-däkcik (conditional conditional-i connegative)
-cicik (conditional conditional-ii connegative)
-nnëk (connegative potential)
-t'akcik (conditional conditional-i connegative passive)
-dät'akcik (conditional conditional-i connegative passive)
-tticik (conditional conditional-ii connegative passive)
-dätticik (conditional conditional-ii connegative passive)
-ttanëk (connegative passive potential)
-dättanëk (connegative passive potential)
-t'ak (conditional conditional-i infinitive infinitive-i)
-däpa (active participle present)
-ttapa (participle passive present)
-dättaba (participle passive present)
-ttë- (conditional conditional-i infinitive infinitive-ii)
-nnut (active participle past)
-ttu (participle passive past)
-dättu (participle passive past)
-däma (conditional conditional-i gerund supine)
-däminen (conditional conditional-i noun-from-verb)

Estonian: -ma/-ta

Finnish: -ta

Originally a variant of *-tadak when attached to vowel stems and landing on an odd syllable, while *-tadak would have been on even syllables or when attached to consonant stems; this is a regular process (see Proto-Finnic language § Consonant gradation on Wikipedia).

Forms verbs from nominal stems, generally with a causative, factitive or instrumental meaning.


-t'ak

Finnish: -ta (somewhat conflated with etymology 1)

A later development from etymology 1 by analogy with causative derivatives using *-ttadak, thus analogously making the shorter suffix anticausative.

Forms verbs from stems, generally with a translative or reflexive meaning.


-t'ak

-t'ak / *-t'äk (canonical)
-në- / *-ne- (stem)
-nen (first-person present singular)
-nin (first-person past singular)
-tkon (first-person optative singular)
-net (present second-person singular)
-nit (past second-person singular)
-nek (imperative second-person singular)
-tkos (optative second-person singular)
-nepi (present singular third-person)
-n (present singular third-person)
-ni (past singular third-person)
-tkasën (imperative singular third-person)
-tkosën (optative singular third-person)
-nekmëk (first-person plural present)
-nekmak (first-person plural present)
-nimëk (first-person past plural)
-nimak (first-person past plural)
-tkatëmëk (first-person imperative plural)
-tkatamak (first-person imperative plural)
-tkotëmëk (first-person optative plural)
-tkotamak (first-person optative plural)
-nektëk (plural present second-person)
-nektak (plural present second-person)
-nidëk (past plural second-person)
-nidak (past plural second-person)
-tkatë (imperative plural second-person)
-tkata (imperative plural second-person)
-tkot'ëk (optative plural second-person)
-tkotadak (optative plural second-person)
-nebat (plural present third-person)
-n (plural present third-person)
-ni (past plural third-person)
-tkasën (imperative plural third-person)
-tkosën (optative plural third-person)
-neksën (passive present)
-net'aksën (passive present)
-ttisën (passive past)
-nettihën (passive past)
-ttakahën (imperative passive)
-nettagasën (imperative passive)
-ttakohën (optative passive)
-nettagosën (optative passive)
-nek (connegative present)
-tkak (connegative imperative)
-tkok (connegative optative)
-nektak (connegative passive present)
-ttagak (connegative imperative passive)
-nettagak (connegative imperative passive)
-ttagok (connegative optative passive)
-nettagok (connegative optative passive)
-nekcin (conditional conditional-i first-person singular)
-nicin (conditional conditional-ii first-person singular)
-nnën (first-person potential singular)
-nekcit (conditional conditional-i second-person singular)
-nicit (conditional conditional-ii second-person singular)
-nnët (potential second-person singular)
-nekci (conditional conditional-i singular third-person)
-nici (conditional conditional-ii singular third-person)
-nni (potential singular third-person)
-nekcimëk (conditional conditional-i first-person plural)
-nekcimak (conditional conditional-i first-person plural)
-nicimëk (conditional conditional-ii first-person plural)
-nicimak (conditional conditional-ii first-person plural)
-nnëmëk (first-person plural potential)
-nnëmak (first-person plural potential)
-nekcidëk (conditional conditional-i plural second-person)
-nekcidak (conditional conditional-i plural second-person)
-nicidëk (conditional conditional-ii plural second-person)
-nicidak (conditional conditional-ii plural second-person)
-nnëdëk (plural potential second-person)
-nnëdak (plural potential second-person)
-nekci (conditional conditional-i plural third-person)
-nici (conditional conditional-ii plural third-person)
-nni (plural potential third-person)
-t'akcihën (conditional conditional-i passive)
-net'akcisën (conditional conditional-i passive)
-tticihën (conditional conditional-ii passive)
-netticisën (conditional conditional-ii passive)
-ttanëhën (passive potential)
-nettanësën (passive potential)
-nekcik (conditional conditional-i connegative)
-nicik (conditional conditional-ii connegative)
-nnëk (connegative potential)
-t'akcik (conditional conditional-i connegative passive)
-net'akcik (conditional conditional-i connegative passive)
-tticik (conditional conditional-ii connegative passive)
-netticik (conditional conditional-ii connegative passive)
-ttanëk (connegative passive potential)
-nettanëk (connegative passive potential)
-t'ak (conditional conditional-i infinitive infinitive-i)
-nepa (active participle present)
-ttapa (participle passive present)
-nettaba (participle passive present)
-ttë- (conditional conditional-i infinitive infinitive-ii)
-nnut (active participle past)
-ttu (participle passive past)
-nettu (participle passive past)
-nema (conditional conditional-i gerund supine)
-neminen (conditional conditional-i noun-from-verb)

desc

Estonian: -nema, -neda (consonant stem reformed by analogy)

Finnish: -(e)ta

Ingrian: -(e)ta

Karelian: -(e)ta

>? Livonian: -mtõ

Veps: -eta

Votic: -(e)ta

Võro: -daq, -nõdaq

From Proto-Uralic *-me-.
The change *m > *n is likely by analogy with the passive and participle stems, as well as the causative *-ntadak, where the added *-t- incurred a regular *mt > *nt. This change was then generalized to other forms.
The consonant stem, i.e. the stem when followed by a *t (such as in the passive and infinitive forms) or *k (in the imperative forms), has been reformed to *-d- (*-t'-, *-tk-), due to confusion with verbs using the suffix *-nte- (*-t'ak (reflexive) added to -n- stems). The first infinitive form would have, with this ending, become *-nt(e)-dak > *-nt'ak > *-t'ak (with simplification of the then phonotactically impossible cluster *nt': compare *kattadak < *kanci).
Like *-ldak and the comparative ending *-mpi (which see for more), this verb consistently induces a stem vowel change *-A- > *-e-.


-t'ak

-t'ak / *-t'äk (canonical)
-dë- / *-de- (stem)
-den (first-person present singular)
-cin (first-person past singular)
-tkon (first-person optative singular)
-det (present second-person singular)
-cit (past second-person singular)
-dek (imperative second-person singular)
-tkos (optative second-person singular)
-depi (present singular third-person)
-t (present singular third-person)
-ci (past singular third-person)
-tkasën (imperative singular third-person)
-tkosën (optative singular third-person)
-dekmëk (first-person plural present)
-dekmak (first-person plural present)
-cimëk (first-person past plural)
-cimak (first-person past plural)
-tkatëmëk (first-person imperative plural)
-tkatamak (first-person imperative plural)
-tkotëmëk (first-person optative plural)
-tkotamak (first-person optative plural)
-dektëk (plural present second-person)
-dektak (plural present second-person)
-cidëk (past plural second-person)
-cidak (past plural second-person)
-tkatë (imperative plural second-person)
-tkata (imperative plural second-person)
-tkot'ëk (optative plural second-person)
-tkotadak (optative plural second-person)
-debat (plural present third-person)
-t (plural present third-person)
-ci (past plural third-person)
-tkasën (imperative plural third-person)
-tkosën (optative plural third-person)
-deksën (passive present)
-det'aksën (passive present)
-ttisën (passive past)
-dettihën (passive past)
-ttakahën (imperative passive)
-dettagasën (imperative passive)
-ttakohën (optative passive)
-dettagosën (optative passive)
-dek (connegative present)
-tkak (connegative imperative)
-tkok (connegative optative)
-dektak (connegative passive present)
-ttagak (connegative imperative passive)
-dettagak (connegative imperative passive)
-ttagok (connegative optative passive)
-dettagok (connegative optative passive)
-dekcin (conditional conditional-i first-person singular)
-cicin (conditional conditional-ii first-person singular)
-nnën (first-person potential singular)
-dekcit (conditional conditional-i second-person singular)
-cicit (conditional conditional-ii second-person singular)
-nnët (potential second-person singular)
-dekci (conditional conditional-i singular third-person)
-cici (conditional conditional-ii singular third-person)
-nni (potential singular third-person)
-dekcimëk (conditional conditional-i first-person plural)
-dekcimak (conditional conditional-i first-person plural)
-cicimëk (conditional conditional-ii first-person plural)
-cicimak (conditional conditional-ii first-person plural)
-nnëmëk (first-person plural potential)
-nnëmak (first-person plural potential)
-dekcidëk (conditional conditional-i plural second-person)
-dekcidak (conditional conditional-i plural second-person)
-cicidëk (conditional conditional-ii plural second-person)
-cicidak (conditional conditional-ii plural second-person)
-nnëdëk (plural potential second-person)
-nnëdak (plural potential second-person)
-dekci (conditional conditional-i plural third-person)
-cici (conditional conditional-ii plural third-person)
-nni (plural potential third-person)
-t'akcihën (conditional conditional-i passive)
-det'akcisën (conditional conditional-i passive)
-tticihën (conditional conditional-ii passive)
-detticisën (conditional conditional-ii passive)
-ttanëhën (passive potential)
-dettanësën (passive potential)
-dekcik (conditional conditional-i connegative)
-cicik (conditional conditional-ii connegative)
-nnëk (connegative potential)
-t'akcik (conditional conditional-i connegative passive)
-det'akcik (conditional conditional-i connegative passive)
-tticik (conditional conditional-ii connegative passive)
-detticik (conditional conditional-ii connegative passive)
-ttanëk (connegative passive potential)
-dettanëk (connegative passive potential)
-t'ak (conditional conditional-i infinitive infinitive-i)
-depa (active participle present)
-ttapa (participle passive present)
-dettaba (participle passive present)
-ttë- (conditional conditional-i infinitive infinitive-ii)
-nnut (active participle past)
-ttu (participle passive past)
-dettu (participle passive past)
-dema (conditional conditional-i gerund supine)
-deminen (conditional conditional-i noun-from-verb)

q

Finnish: -ida, -ita (dialectal; e.g. first infinitive "heittäidä" or "heittäitä", first-person singular indicative present "hei(t)täin")

Ingrian: -issa (with -s- levelled from past forms by analogy)

Votic: -ssa (with -s- levelled from past forms by analogy)

From Proto-Finno-Permic *-te-. Cognate with Proto-Samic *-tëtēk (in e.g. Northern Sami geassádit).


-t'ak

-t'ak / *-t'äk (canonical)
-ntë- / *-nte- (stem)
-nden (first-person present singular)
-ncin (first-person past singular)
-ntegon (first-person optative singular)
-ndet (present second-person singular)
-ncit (past second-person singular)
-ndek (imperative second-person singular)
-ntegos (optative second-person singular)
-ntepi (present singular third-person)
-c (present singular third-person)
-nci (past singular third-person)
-ntekahën (imperative singular third-person)
-ntekohën (optative singular third-person)
-ndekmëk (first-person plural present)
-ndekmak (first-person plural present)
-ncimëk (first-person past plural)
-ncimak (first-person past plural)
-ntekadëmëk (first-person imperative plural)
-ntekadamak (first-person imperative plural)
-ntekodëmëk (first-person optative plural)
-ntekodamak (first-person optative plural)
-ndektëk (plural present second-person)
-ndektak (plural present second-person)
-ncidëk (past plural second-person)
-ncidak (past plural second-person)
-ntekadë (imperative plural second-person)
-ntekada (imperative plural second-person)
-ntegot'ëk (optative plural second-person)
-ntekodadak (optative plural second-person)
-ntebat (plural present third-person)
-c (plural present third-person)
-nci (past plural third-person)
-ntekahën (imperative plural third-person)
-ntekohën (optative plural third-person)
-ndeksën (passive present)
-ndet'aksën (passive present)
-ttisën (passive past)
-ndettihën (passive past)
-ttakahën (imperative passive)
-ndettagasën (imperative passive)
-ttakohën (optative passive)
-ndettagosën (optative passive)
-ndek (connegative present)
-ntegak (connegative imperative)
-ntegok (connegative optative)
-ndektak (connegative passive present)
-ttagak (connegative imperative passive)
-ndettagak (connegative imperative passive)
-ttagok (connegative optative passive)
-ndettagok (connegative optative passive)
-ndekcin (conditional conditional-i first-person singular)
-ncicin (conditional conditional-ii first-person singular)
-nnën (first-person potential singular)
-ndekcit (conditional conditional-i second-person singular)
-ncicit (conditional conditional-ii second-person singular)
-nnët (potential second-person singular)
-ndekci (conditional conditional-i singular third-person)
-ncici (conditional conditional-ii singular third-person)
-nni (potential singular third-person)
-ndekcimëk (conditional conditional-i first-person plural)
-ndekcimak (conditional conditional-i first-person plural)
-ncicimëk (conditional conditional-ii first-person plural)
-ncicimak (conditional conditional-ii first-person plural)
-nnëmëk (first-person plural potential)
-nnëmak (first-person plural potential)
-ndekcidëk (conditional conditional-i plural second-person)
-ndekcidak (conditional conditional-i plural second-person)
-ncicidëk (conditional conditional-ii plural second-person)
-ncicidak (conditional conditional-ii plural second-person)
-nnëdëk (plural potential second-person)
-nnëdak (plural potential second-person)
-ndekci (conditional conditional-i plural third-person)
-ncici (conditional conditional-ii plural third-person)
-nni (plural potential third-person)
-t'akcihën (conditional conditional-i passive)
-ndet'akcisën (conditional conditional-i passive)
-tticihën (conditional conditional-ii passive)
-ndetticisën (conditional conditional-ii passive)
-ttanëhën (passive potential)
-ndettanësën (passive potential)
-ndekcik (conditional conditional-i connegative)
-ncicik (conditional conditional-ii connegative)
-nnëk (connegative potential)
-t'akcik (conditional conditional-i connegative passive)
-ndet'akcik (conditional conditional-i connegative passive)
-tticik (conditional conditional-ii connegative passive)
-ndetticik (conditional conditional-ii connegative passive)
-ttanëk (connegative passive potential)
-ndettanëk (connegative passive potential)
-t'ak (conditional conditional-i infinitive infinitive-i)
-ntepa (active participle present)
-ttapa (participle passive present)
-ndettaba (participle passive present)
-ttë- (conditional conditional-i infinitive infinitive-ii)
-nnut (active participle past)
-ttu (participle passive past)
-ndettu (participle passive past)
-ntema (conditional conditional-i gerund supine)
-nteminen (conditional conditional-i noun-from-verb)

stem -ntëlë- < <i class="Latn mention" lang="urj-fin-pro">*-ntë-lë-</i>

⇒ Finnish: -nnella (stem -ntëlë- < *-ntë-lë-)

⇒ Ingrian: -nnella (stem -ntëlë- < *-ntë-lë-)

⇒ Veps: -gata (stem -ga(n)dë- < *-ka-ntë-, in verbs like helegata, varegata)

From Proto-Uralic *-nte-, possibly a variant of *-nta-, whence *-ntadak.


nopëda

nopëda (nominative singular)
nopëdat (nominative plural)
nopëdan (accusative singular)
nopëdat (accusative plural)
nopëdan (genitive singular)
nopëdadën (genitive plural)
nopëdëidën (genitive plural)
nopëdata (partitive singular)
nopëdëita (partitive plural)
nopëdassa (inessive singular)
nopëdahna (inessive singular)
nopëdëissa (inessive plural)
nopëdëihna (inessive plural)
nopëdasta (elative singular)
nopëdëista (elative plural)
nopëdasën (illative singular)
nopëdëisën (illative plural)
nopëdalla (adessive singular)
nopëdëilla (adessive plural)
nopëdalta (ablative singular)
nopëdëilta (ablative plural)
nopëdalën (allative singular)
nopëdalëk (allative singular)
nopëdëilën (allative plural)
nopëdëilëk (allative plural)
nopëdana (essive singular)
nopëdëina (essive plural)
nopëdaksi (singular translative)
nopëdëiksi (plural translative)
nopëdan (instructive singular)
nopëdëin (instructive plural)
nopëdanëk (comitative singular)
nopëdëinëk (comitative plural)
nopëdatta (abessive singular)
nopëdëitta (abessive plural)

Estonian: nobe

Finnish: nopea

Võro: nopõ

Probably borrowed from Proto-Germanic [Term?] (whence Old Norse snœfr). Alternatively, and less likely, from the same root as *noppidak. Either way, derived with the suffix *-ëda.


noppidak

noppi- (stem)
nop'in (first-person present singular)
noppëjin (first-person past singular)
noppigon (first-person optative singular)
nop'it (present second-person singular)
noppëjit (past second-person singular)
nop'ik (imperative second-person singular)
noppigos (optative second-person singular)
noppibi (present singular third-person)
noppi (present singular third-person)
noppëji (past singular third-person)
noppigasën (imperative singular third-person)
noppigosën (optative singular third-person)
nop'ikmëk (first-person plural present)
nop'ikmak (first-person plural present)
noppëjimëk (first-person past plural)
noppëjimak (first-person past plural)
noppigatëmëk (first-person imperative plural)
noppigatamak (first-person imperative plural)
noppigotëmëk (first-person optative plural)
noppigotamak (first-person optative plural)
nop'iktëk (plural present second-person)
nop'iktak (plural present second-person)
noppëjidëk (past plural second-person)
noppëjidak (past plural second-person)
noppigatë (imperative plural second-person)
noppigata (imperative plural second-person)
noppigot'ëk (optative plural second-person)
noppigotadak (optative plural second-person)
noppibat (plural present third-person)
noppi (plural present third-person)
noppëji (past plural third-person)
noppigasën (imperative plural third-person)
noppigosën (optative plural third-person)
nop'iksën (passive present)
nop'it'aksën (passive present)
noppidisën (passive past)
nop'ittisën (passive past)
noppidakahën (imperative passive)
nop'ittakahën (imperative passive)
noppidakohën (optative passive)
nop'ittakohën (optative passive)
nop'ik (connegative present)
noppigak (connegative imperative)
noppigok (connegative optative)
nop'iktak (connegative passive present)
noppidagak (connegative imperative passive)
nop'ittagak (connegative imperative passive)
noppidagok (connegative optative passive)
nop'ittagok (connegative optative passive)
nop'ikcin (conditional conditional-i first-person singular)
noppëjicin (conditional conditional-ii first-person singular)
noppinën (first-person potential singular)
nop'ikcit (conditional conditional-i second-person singular)
noppëjicit (conditional conditional-ii second-person singular)
noppinët (potential second-person singular)
nop'ikci (conditional conditional-i singular third-person)
noppëjici (conditional conditional-ii singular third-person)
noppini (potential singular third-person)
nop'ikcimëk (conditional conditional-i first-person plural)
nop'ikcimak (conditional conditional-i first-person plural)
noppëjicimëk (conditional conditional-ii first-person plural)
noppëjicimak (conditional conditional-ii first-person plural)
noppinëmëk (first-person plural potential)
noppinëmak (first-person plural potential)
nop'ikcidëk (conditional conditional-i plural second-person)
nop'ikcidak (conditional conditional-i plural second-person)
noppëjicidëk (conditional conditional-ii plural second-person)
noppëjicidak (conditional conditional-ii plural second-person)
noppinëdëk (plural potential second-person)
noppinëdak (plural potential second-person)
nop'ikci (conditional conditional-i plural third-person)
noppëjici (conditional conditional-ii plural third-person)
noppini (plural potential third-person)
noppidakcihën (conditional conditional-i passive)
nop'it'akcihën (conditional conditional-i passive)
noppidicihën (conditional conditional-ii passive)
nop'itticihën (conditional conditional-ii passive)
noppidanëhën (passive potential)
nop'ittanëhën (passive potential)
nop'ikcik (conditional conditional-i connegative)
noppëjicik (conditional conditional-ii connegative)
noppinëk (connegative potential)
noppidakcik (conditional conditional-i connegative passive)
nop'it'akcik (conditional conditional-i connegative passive)
noppidicik (conditional conditional-ii connegative passive)
nop'itticik (conditional conditional-ii connegative passive)
noppidanëk (connegative passive potential)
nop'ittanëk (connegative passive potential)
noppidak (conditional conditional-i infinitive infinitive-i)
noppiba (active participle present)
noppidapa (participle passive present)
nop'ittapa (participle passive present)
noppidë- (conditional conditional-i infinitive infinitive-ii)
noppinut (active participle past)
noppidu (participle passive past)
nop'ittu (participle passive past)
noppima (conditional conditional-i gerund supine)
noppiminen (conditional conditional-i noun-from-verb)

Estonian: noppima/noppida

Finnish: (dialectal) noppia

Ingrian: noppia

Livvi: noppie

Votic: (Kattila) noppia


nuhkidak

nuhki- (stem)
nuhkin (first-person present singular)
nuhkëjin (first-person past singular)
nuhkigon (first-person optative singular)
nuhkit (present second-person singular)
nuhkëjit (past second-person singular)
nuhkik (imperative second-person singular)
nuhkigos (optative second-person singular)
nuhkibi (present singular third-person)
nuhki (present singular third-person)
nuhkëji (past singular third-person)
nuhkigasën (imperative singular third-person)
nuhkigosën (optative singular third-person)
nuhkikmëk (first-person plural present)
nuhkikmak (first-person plural present)
nuhkëjimëk (first-person past plural)
nuhkëjimak (first-person past plural)
nuhkigatëmëk (first-person imperative plural)
nuhkigatamak (first-person imperative plural)
nuhkigotëmëk (first-person optative plural)
nuhkigotamak (first-person optative plural)
nuhkiktëk (plural present second-person)
nuhkiktak (plural present second-person)
nuhkëjidëk (past plural second-person)
nuhkëjidak (past plural second-person)
nuhkigatë (imperative plural second-person)
nuhkigata (imperative plural second-person)
nuhkigot'ëk (optative plural second-person)
nuhkigotadak (optative plural second-person)
nuhkibat (plural present third-person)
nuhki (plural present third-person)
nuhkëji (past plural third-person)
nuhkigasën (imperative plural third-person)
nuhkigosën (optative plural third-person)
nuhkiksën (passive present)
nuhkit'aksën (passive present)
nuhkidisën (passive past)
nuhkittisën (passive past)
nuhkidakahën (imperative passive)
nuhkittakahën (imperative passive)
nuhkidakohën (optative passive)
nuhkittakohën (optative passive)
nuhkik (connegative present)
nuhkigak (connegative imperative)
nuhkigok (connegative optative)
nuhkiktak (connegative passive present)
nuhkidagak (connegative imperative passive)
nuhkittagak (connegative imperative passive)
nuhkidagok (connegative optative passive)
nuhkittagok (connegative optative passive)
nuhkikcin (conditional conditional-i first-person singular)
nuhkëjicin (conditional conditional-ii first-person singular)
nuhkinën (first-person potential singular)
nuhkikcit (conditional conditional-i second-person singular)
nuhkëjicit (conditional conditional-ii second-person singular)
nuhkinët (potential second-person singular)
nuhkikci (conditional conditional-i singular third-person)
nuhkëjici (conditional conditional-ii singular third-person)
nuhkini (potential singular third-person)
nuhkikcimëk (conditional conditional-i first-person plural)
nuhkikcimak (conditional conditional-i first-person plural)
nuhkëjicimëk (conditional conditional-ii first-person plural)
nuhkëjicimak (conditional conditional-ii first-person plural)
nuhkinëmëk (first-person plural potential)
nuhkinëmak (first-person plural potential)
nuhkikcidëk (conditional conditional-i plural second-person)
nuhkikcidak (conditional conditional-i plural second-person)
nuhkëjicidëk (conditional conditional-ii plural second-person)
nuhkëjicidak (conditional conditional-ii plural second-person)
nuhkinëdëk (plural potential second-person)
nuhkinëdak (plural potential second-person)
nuhkikci (conditional conditional-i plural third-person)
nuhkëjici (conditional conditional-ii plural third-person)
nuhkini (plural potential third-person)
nuhkidakcihën (conditional conditional-i passive)
nuhkit'akcihën (conditional conditional-i passive)
nuhkidicihën (conditional conditional-ii passive)
nuhkitticihën (conditional conditional-ii passive)
nuhkidanëhën (passive potential)
nuhkittanëhën (passive potential)
nuhkikcik (conditional conditional-i connegative)
nuhkëjicik (conditional conditional-ii connegative)
nuhkinëk (connegative potential)
nuhkidakcik (conditional conditional-i connegative passive)
nuhkit'akcik (conditional conditional-i connegative passive)
nuhkidicik (conditional conditional-ii connegative passive)
nuhkitticik (conditional conditional-ii connegative passive)
nuhkidanëk (connegative passive potential)
nuhkittanëk (connegative passive potential)
nuhkidak (conditional conditional-i infinitive infinitive-i)
nuhkiba (active participle present)
nuhkidapa (participle passive present)
nuhkittapa (participle passive present)
nuhkidë- (conditional conditional-i infinitive infinitive-ii)
nuhkinut (active participle past)
nuhkidu (participle passive past)
nuhkittu (participle passive past)
nuhkima (conditional conditional-i gerund supine)
nuhkiminen (conditional conditional-i noun-from-verb)

Estonian: nuhkima/nuhkida

Finnish: nuuhkia, (dialectal) nuhkia

Ingrian: nuuhkia

Karelian: nuuhkie

Livvi: nuuhkie

Võro: nuhk'ma/nuhkiq


kätküt

kätküt (nominative singular)
kätküdet (nominative plural)
kätküden (accusative singular)
kätküdet (accusative plural)
kätküden (genitive singular)
kätküt'en (genitive plural)
kätküciden (genitive plural)
kätküttä (partitive singular)
kätkücitä (partitive plural)
kätküdessä (inessive singular)
kätküdehnä (inessive singular)
kätkücissä (inessive plural)
kätkücihnä (inessive plural)
kätküdestä (elative singular)
kätkücistä (elative plural)
kätküdesen (illative singular)
kätkücisen (illative plural)
kätküdellä (adessive singular)
kätkücillä (adessive plural)
kätküdeltä (ablative singular)
kätküciltä (ablative plural)
kätküdelen (allative singular)
kätküdelek (allative singular)
kätkücilen (allative plural)
kätkücilek (allative plural)
kätkünnä (essive singular)
kätkücinä (essive plural)
kätküdeksi (singular translative)
kätküciksi (plural translative)
kätküden (instructive singular)
kätkücin (instructive plural)
kätkünnek (comitative singular)
kätkücinek (comitative plural)
kätküdettä (abessive singular)
kätkücittä (abessive plural)

Estonian: kätki

Finnish: kätkyt

Ingrian: kätyt

Karelian:

North Karelian: kätkyt

South Karelian: kätyt

Livvi: kätkyt

Ludian: kätküd, kättüd

Veps: kätkud, kättud

Votic: tšätšüd

From *kätkedäk + *-üt. Compare to Skolt Sami ǩiõtkâm and Northern Sami gieŧka.


mädähnä

mädähnä (nominative singular)
mädähnät (nominative plural)
mädähnän (accusative singular)
mädähnät (accusative plural)
mädähnän (genitive singular)
mädähnäden (genitive plural)
mädähneiden (genitive plural)
mädähnätä (partitive singular)
mädähneitä (partitive plural)
mädähnässä (inessive singular)
mädähnähnä (inessive singular)
mädähneissä (inessive plural)
mädähneihnä (inessive plural)
mädähnästä (elative singular)
mädähneistä (elative plural)
mädähnäsen (illative singular)
mädähneisen (illative plural)
mädähnällä (adessive singular)
mädähneillä (adessive plural)
mädähnältä (ablative singular)
mädähneiltä (ablative plural)
mädähnälen (allative singular)
mädähnälek (allative singular)
mädähneilen (allative plural)
mädähneilek (allative plural)
mädähnänä (essive singular)
mädähneinä (essive plural)
mädähnäksi (singular translative)
mädähneiksi (plural translative)
mädähnän (instructive singular)
mädähnein (instructive plural)
mädähnänek (comitative singular)
mädähneinek (comitative plural)
mädähnättä (abessive singular)
mädähneittä (abessive plural)

Finnish: (dialectal) määhnä, mähnä

Karelian:

North Karelian: mähnä

South Karelian: mähnä, mähändä

Livvi: mähändy

Ludian: mädähn

Veps: mädahm

Votic: (Mati) mähnä

Possibly derived from *mätä. Related to North Sámi *meađđemat, probably from a Proto-Finno-Sámic form *mäδV(mä).


kusa-

Estonian: kusla- (in compound: kuslapuu) (< *kus-la)

Finnish: kuusama (< *kusa-ma); (dialectal) kuusain (< *kusa-in)

→ Votic: (Kattila) kuusama

Ingrian: kuusan (< *kusa-in)

Karelian:

North Karelian: kuusain (< *kusa-in)

South Karelian: kuuzain (< *kusa-in)

Livvi: kuuzain (< *kusa-in)

Ludian: kuudžain (< *kusa-in)

Võro: kusla- (in compound: kuslapuu) (< *kus-la)


tutudak

tutu- (stem)
tudun (first-person present singular)
tuduin (first-person past singular)
tutugon (first-person optative singular)
tudut (present second-person singular)
tuduit (past second-person singular)
tuduk (imperative second-person singular)
tutugos (optative second-person singular)
tutubi (present singular third-person)
tutu (present singular third-person)
tutui (past singular third-person)
tutugasën (imperative singular third-person)
tutugosën (optative singular third-person)
tudukmëk (first-person plural present)
tudukmak (first-person plural present)
tutuimëk (first-person past plural)
tutuimak (first-person past plural)
tutugatëmëk (first-person imperative plural)
tutugatamak (first-person imperative plural)
tutugotëmëk (first-person optative plural)
tutugotamak (first-person optative plural)
tuduktëk (plural present second-person)
tuduktak (plural present second-person)
tutuidëk (past plural second-person)
tutuidak (past plural second-person)
tutugatë (imperative plural second-person)
tutugata (imperative plural second-person)
tutugot'ëk (optative plural second-person)
tutugotadak (optative plural second-person)
tutubat (plural present third-person)
tutu (plural present third-person)
tutui (past plural third-person)
tutugasën (imperative plural third-person)
tutugosën (optative plural third-person)
tuduksën (passive present)
tudut'aksën (passive present)
tutudisën (passive past)
tuduttisën (passive past)
tutudakahën (imperative passive)
tuduttakahën (imperative passive)
tutudakohën (optative passive)
tuduttakohën (optative passive)
tuduk (connegative present)
tutugak (connegative imperative)
tutugok (connegative optative)
tuduktak (connegative passive present)
tutudagak (connegative imperative passive)
tuduttagak (connegative imperative passive)
tutudagok (connegative optative passive)
tuduttagok (connegative optative passive)
tudukcin (conditional conditional-i first-person singular)
tutuicin (conditional conditional-ii first-person singular)
tutunën (first-person potential singular)
tudukcit (conditional conditional-i second-person singular)
tutuicit (conditional conditional-ii second-person singular)
tutunët (potential second-person singular)
tudukci (conditional conditional-i singular third-person)
tutuici (conditional conditional-ii singular third-person)
tutuni (potential singular third-person)
tudukcimëk (conditional conditional-i first-person plural)
tudukcimak (conditional conditional-i first-person plural)
tutuicimëk (conditional conditional-ii first-person plural)
tutuicimak (conditional conditional-ii first-person plural)
tutunëmëk (first-person plural potential)
tutunëmak (first-person plural potential)
tudukcidëk (conditional conditional-i plural second-person)
tudukcidak (conditional conditional-i plural second-person)
tutuicidëk (conditional conditional-ii plural second-person)
tutuicidak (conditional conditional-ii plural second-person)
tutunëdëk (plural potential second-person)
tutunëdak (plural potential second-person)
tudukci (conditional conditional-i plural third-person)
tutuici (conditional conditional-ii plural third-person)
tutuni (plural potential third-person)
tutudakcihën (conditional conditional-i passive)
tudut'akcihën (conditional conditional-i passive)
tutudicihën (conditional conditional-ii passive)
tudutticihën (conditional conditional-ii passive)
tutudanëhën (passive potential)
tuduttanëhën (passive potential)
tudukcik (conditional conditional-i connegative)
tutuicik (conditional conditional-ii connegative)
tutunëk (connegative potential)
tutudakcik (conditional conditional-i connegative passive)
tudut'akcik (conditional conditional-i connegative passive)
tutudicik (conditional conditional-ii connegative passive)
tudutticik (conditional conditional-ii connegative passive)
tutudanëk (connegative passive potential)
tuduttanëk (connegative passive potential)
tutudak (conditional conditional-i infinitive infinitive-i)
tutuba (active participle present)
tutudapa (participle passive present)
tuduttapa (participle passive present)
tutudë- (conditional conditional-i infinitive infinitive-ii)
tutunut (active participle past)
tutudu (participle passive past)
tuduttu (participle passive past)
tutuma (conditional conditional-i gerund supine)
tutuminen (conditional conditional-i noun-from-verb)

Estonian: tuduma/tududa

Finnish: tuutua, tutua

Votic: tutua

Estonian: tudima/tudida

Finnish: tutia, tuutia

Karelian:

North Karelian: tuutie

Livvi: tuudie

Võro: tudima/tutiq

Probably from baby talk or child language.


kubëh

kubëh (nominative singular)
kupëhët (nominative plural)
kupëhën (accusative singular)
kupëhët (accusative plural)
kupëhën (genitive singular)
kubëhtën (genitive plural)
kupëhidën (genitive plural)
kubëhta (partitive singular)
kupëhita (partitive plural)
kupëhëssa (inessive singular)
kupëhëhna (inessive singular)
kupëhissa (inessive plural)
kupëhihna (inessive plural)
kupëhësta (elative singular)
kupëhista (elative plural)
kupëhësën (illative singular)
kupëhisën (illative plural)
kupëhëlla (adessive singular)
kupëhilla (adessive plural)
kupëhëlta (ablative singular)
kupëhilta (ablative plural)
kupëhëlën (allative singular)
kupëhëlëk (allative singular)
kupëhilën (allative plural)
kupëhilëk (allative plural)
kupëhëna (essive singular)
kupëhina (essive plural)
kupëhëksi (singular translative)
kupëhiksi (plural translative)
kupëhën (instructive singular)
kupëhin (instructive plural)
kupëhënëk (comitative singular)
kupëhinëk (comitative plural)
kupëhëtta (abessive singular)
kupëhitta (abessive plural)

Estonian: kube

Finnish: kuve

Ingrian: kuve

Karelian:

North Karelian: kuveh

South Karelian: kuveh

Võro: kubõq

Votic: (Mati, rare) kuvõ, kupõõ

From earlier *kupeš, borrowed from Proto-Germanic *hupiz.


läikküdäk

läikkü- (stem)
läik'ün (first-person present singular)
läik'üin (first-person past singular)
läikkügon (first-person optative singular)
läik'üt (present second-person singular)
läik'üit (past second-person singular)
läik'ük (imperative second-person singular)
läikkügos (optative second-person singular)
läikkübi (present singular third-person)
läikkü (present singular third-person)
läikküi (past singular third-person)
läikkügäsen (imperative singular third-person)
läikkügosen (optative singular third-person)
läik'ükmek (first-person plural present)
läik'ükmäk (first-person plural present)
läikküimek (first-person past plural)
läikküimäk (first-person past plural)
läikkügätemek (first-person imperative plural)
läikkügätämäk (first-person imperative plural)
läikkügotemek (first-person optative plural)
läikkügotämäk (first-person optative plural)
läik'üktek (plural present second-person)
läik'üktäk (plural present second-person)
läikküidek (past plural second-person)
läikküidäk (past plural second-person)
läikkügäte (imperative plural second-person)
läikkügätä (imperative plural second-person)
läikkügot'ek (optative plural second-person)
läikkügotädäk (optative plural second-person)
läikkübät (plural present third-person)
läikkü (plural present third-person)
läikküi (past plural third-person)
läikkügäsen (imperative plural third-person)
läikkügosen (optative plural third-person)
läik'üksen (passive present)
läik'üt'äksen (passive present)
läikküdisen (passive past)
läik'üttisen (passive past)
läikküdäkähen (imperative passive)
läik'üttäkähen (imperative passive)
läikküdäkohen (optative passive)
läik'üttäkohen (optative passive)
läik'ük (connegative present)
läikkügäk (connegative imperative)
läikkügok (connegative optative)
läik'üktäk (connegative passive present)
läikküdägäk (connegative imperative passive)
läik'üttägäk (connegative imperative passive)
läikküdägok (connegative optative passive)
läik'üttägok (connegative optative passive)
läik'ükcin (conditional conditional-i first-person singular)
läikküicin (conditional conditional-ii first-person singular)
läikkünen (first-person potential singular)
läik'ükcit (conditional conditional-i second-person singular)
läikküicit (conditional conditional-ii second-person singular)
läikkünet (potential second-person singular)
läik'ükci (conditional conditional-i singular third-person)
läikküici (conditional conditional-ii singular third-person)
läikküni (potential singular third-person)
läik'ükcimek (conditional conditional-i first-person plural)
läik'ükcimäk (conditional conditional-i first-person plural)
läikküicimek (conditional conditional-ii first-person plural)
läikküicimäk (conditional conditional-ii first-person plural)
läikkünemek (first-person plural potential)
läikkünemäk (first-person plural potential)
läik'ükcidek (conditional conditional-i plural second-person)
läik'ükcidäk (conditional conditional-i plural second-person)
läikküicidek (conditional conditional-ii plural second-person)
läikküicidäk (conditional conditional-ii plural second-person)
läikkünedek (plural potential second-person)
läikkünedäk (plural potential second-person)
läik'ükci (conditional conditional-i plural third-person)
läikküici (conditional conditional-ii plural third-person)
läikküni (plural potential third-person)
läikküdäkcihen (conditional conditional-i passive)
läik'üt'äkcihen (conditional conditional-i passive)
läikküdicihen (conditional conditional-ii passive)
läik'ütticihen (conditional conditional-ii passive)
läikküdänehen (passive potential)
läik'üttänehen (passive potential)
läik'ükcik (conditional conditional-i connegative)
läikküicik (conditional conditional-ii connegative)
läikkünek (connegative potential)
läikküdäkcik (conditional conditional-i connegative passive)
läik'üt'äkcik (conditional conditional-i connegative passive)
läikküdicik (conditional conditional-ii connegative passive)
läik'ütticik (conditional conditional-ii connegative passive)
läikküdänek (connegative passive potential)
läik'üttänek (connegative passive potential)
läikküdäk (conditional conditional-i infinitive infinitive-i)
läikkübä (active participle present)
läikküdäpä (participle passive present)
läik'üttäpä (participle passive present)
läikküde- (conditional conditional-i infinitive infinitive-ii)
läikkünüt (active participle past)
läikküdü (participle passive past)
läik'üttü (participle passive past)
läikkümä (conditional conditional-i gerund supine)
läikküminen (conditional conditional-i noun-from-verb)

Estonian: läikima/läikida

Finnish: läikkyä

Ingrian: läikkiä, läikkää

Karelian:

North Karelian: läikkyö

South Karelian: läikkyö

Livvi: läikkyö

Ludian: läikküdä

Veps: läikta

Võro: läük'mä/läükiq

Votic: läikkiä


taludak

talu- (stem)
talun (first-person present singular)
taluin (first-person past singular)
talugon (first-person optative singular)
talut (present second-person singular)
taluit (past second-person singular)
taluk (imperative second-person singular)
talugos (optative second-person singular)
talubi (present singular third-person)
talu (present singular third-person)
talui (past singular third-person)
talugasën (imperative singular third-person)
talugosën (optative singular third-person)
talukmëk (first-person plural present)
talukmak (first-person plural present)
taluimëk (first-person past plural)
taluimak (first-person past plural)
talugatëmëk (first-person imperative plural)
talugatamak (first-person imperative plural)
talugotëmëk (first-person optative plural)
talugotamak (first-person optative plural)
taluktëk (plural present second-person)
taluktak (plural present second-person)
taluidëk (past plural second-person)
taluidak (past plural second-person)
talugatë (imperative plural second-person)
talugata (imperative plural second-person)
talugot'ëk (optative plural second-person)
talugotadak (optative plural second-person)
talubat (plural present third-person)
talu (plural present third-person)
talui (past plural third-person)
talugasën (imperative plural third-person)
talugosën (optative plural third-person)
taluksën (passive present)
talut'aksën (passive present)
taludisën (passive past)
taluttisën (passive past)
taludakahën (imperative passive)
taluttakahën (imperative passive)
taludakohën (optative passive)
taluttakohën (optative passive)
taluk (connegative present)
talugak (connegative imperative)
talugok (connegative optative)
taluktak (connegative passive present)
taludagak (connegative imperative passive)
taluttagak (connegative imperative passive)
taludagok (connegative optative passive)
taluttagok (connegative optative passive)
talukcin (conditional conditional-i first-person singular)
taluicin (conditional conditional-ii first-person singular)
talunën (first-person potential singular)
talukcit (conditional conditional-i second-person singular)
taluicit (conditional conditional-ii second-person singular)
talunët (potential second-person singular)
talukci (conditional conditional-i singular third-person)
taluici (conditional conditional-ii singular third-person)
taluni (potential singular third-person)
talukcimëk (conditional conditional-i first-person plural)
talukcimak (conditional conditional-i first-person plural)
taluicimëk (conditional conditional-ii first-person plural)
taluicimak (conditional conditional-ii first-person plural)
talunëmëk (first-person plural potential)
talunëmak (first-person plural potential)
talukcidëk (conditional conditional-i plural second-person)
talukcidak (conditional conditional-i plural second-person)
taluicidëk (conditional conditional-ii plural second-person)
taluicidak (conditional conditional-ii plural second-person)
talunëdëk (plural potential second-person)
talunëdak (plural potential second-person)
talukci (conditional conditional-i plural third-person)
taluici (conditional conditional-ii plural third-person)
taluni (plural potential third-person)
taludakcihën (conditional conditional-i passive)
talut'akcihën (conditional conditional-i passive)
taludicihën (conditional conditional-ii passive)
talutticihën (conditional conditional-ii passive)
taludanëhën (passive potential)
taluttanëhën (passive potential)
talukcik (conditional conditional-i connegative)
taluicik (conditional conditional-ii connegative)
talunëk (connegative potential)
taludakcik (conditional conditional-i connegative passive)
talut'akcik (conditional conditional-i connegative passive)
taludicik (conditional conditional-ii connegative passive)
talutticik (conditional conditional-ii connegative passive)
taludanëk (connegative passive potential)
taluttanëk (connegative passive potential)
taludak (conditional conditional-i infinitive infinitive-i)
taluba (active participle present)
taludapa (participle passive present)
taluttapa (participle passive present)
taludë- (conditional conditional-i infinitive infinitive-ii)
talunut (active participle past)
taludu (participle passive past)
taluttu (participle passive past)
taluma (conditional conditional-i gerund supine)
taluminen (conditional conditional-i noun-from-verb)

Estonian: taluma/taluda

Finnish: (dialectal) talua

Karelian:

North Karelian: taluo

South Karelian: taluo

Livvi: taluo

Ludian: taluda

Veps: taluda

From earlier *talwu-, from Proto-Uralic *talwa- + *-udak.


kohma

kohma (nominative singular)
kohmat (nominative plural)
kohman (accusative singular)
kohmat (accusative plural)
kohman (genitive singular)
kohmadën (genitive plural)
kohmëidën (genitive plural)
kohmada (partitive singular)
kohmëida (partitive plural)
kohmassa (inessive singular)
kohmahna (inessive singular)
kohmëissa (inessive plural)
kohmëihna (inessive plural)
kohmasta (elative singular)
kohmëista (elative plural)
kohmahën (illative singular)
kohmëihën (illative plural)
kohmalla (adessive singular)
kohmëilla (adessive plural)
kohmalta (ablative singular)
kohmëilta (ablative plural)
kohmalën (allative singular)
kohmalëk (allative singular)
kohmëilën (allative plural)
kohmëilëk (allative plural)
kohmana (essive singular)
kohmëina (essive plural)
kohmaksi (singular translative)
kohmëiksi (plural translative)
kohman (instructive singular)
kohmëin (instructive plural)
kohmanëk (comitative singular)
kohmëinëk (comitative plural)
kohmatta (abessive singular)
kohmëitta (abessive plural)

Estonian: (dialectal) kohm, ⇒ kohme

Finnish: (dialectal) kohma, ⇒ kohme

Ingrian: ⇒ kohme

Karelian:

North Karelian: kohma- (in kohmašša)

South Karelian: kohma- (in kohmas)

Livvi: kohma- (in kohmas)

Võro: ⇒ kohma

Votic: kohmõ


viipüdäk

viipü- (stem)
viibün (first-person present singular)
viibüin (first-person past singular)
viipügon (first-person optative singular)
viibüt (present second-person singular)
viibüit (past second-person singular)
viibük (imperative second-person singular)
viipügos (optative second-person singular)
viipübi (present singular third-person)
viipü (present singular third-person)
viipüi (past singular third-person)
viipügäsen (imperative singular third-person)
viipügosen (optative singular third-person)
viibükmek (first-person plural present)
viibükmäk (first-person plural present)
viipüimek (first-person past plural)
viipüimäk (first-person past plural)
viipügätemek (first-person imperative plural)
viipügätämäk (first-person imperative plural)
viipügotemek (first-person optative plural)
viipügotämäk (first-person optative plural)
viibüktek (plural present second-person)
viibüktäk (plural present second-person)
viipüidek (past plural second-person)
viipüidäk (past plural second-person)
viipügäte (imperative plural second-person)
viipügätä (imperative plural second-person)
viipügot'ek (optative plural second-person)
viipügotädäk (optative plural second-person)
viipübät (plural present third-person)
viipü (plural present third-person)
viipüi (past plural third-person)
viipügäsen (imperative plural third-person)
viipügosen (optative plural third-person)
viibüksen (passive present)
viibüt'äksen (passive present)
viipüdisen (passive past)
viibüttisen (passive past)
viipüdäkähen (imperative passive)
viibüttäkähen (imperative passive)
viipüdäkohen (optative passive)
viibüttäkohen (optative passive)
viibük (connegative present)
viipügäk (connegative imperative)
viipügok (connegative optative)
viibüktäk (connegative passive present)
viipüdägäk (connegative imperative passive)
viibüttägäk (connegative imperative passive)
viipüdägok (connegative optative passive)
viibüttägok (connegative optative passive)
viibükcin (conditional conditional-i first-person singular)
viipüicin (conditional conditional-ii first-person singular)
viipünen (first-person potential singular)
viibükcit (conditional conditional-i second-person singular)
viipüicit (conditional conditional-ii second-person singular)
viipünet (potential second-person singular)
viibükci (conditional conditional-i singular third-person)
viipüici (conditional conditional-ii singular third-person)
viipüni (potential singular third-person)
viibükcimek (conditional conditional-i first-person plural)
viibükcimäk (conditional conditional-i first-person plural)
viipüicimek (conditional conditional-ii first-person plural)
viipüicimäk (conditional conditional-ii first-person plural)
viipünemek (first-person plural potential)
viipünemäk (first-person plural potential)
viibükcidek (conditional conditional-i plural second-person)
viibükcidäk (conditional conditional-i plural second-person)
viipüicidek (conditional conditional-ii plural second-person)
viipüicidäk (conditional conditional-ii plural second-person)
viipünedek (plural potential second-person)
viipünedäk (plural potential second-person)
viibükci (conditional conditional-i plural third-person)
viipüici (conditional conditional-ii plural third-person)
viipüni (plural potential third-person)
viipüdäkcihen (conditional conditional-i passive)
viibüt'äkcihen (conditional conditional-i passive)
viipüdicihen (conditional conditional-ii passive)
viibütticihen (conditional conditional-ii passive)
viipüdänehen (passive potential)
viibüttänehen (passive potential)
viibükcik (conditional conditional-i connegative)
viipüicik (conditional conditional-ii connegative)
viipünek (connegative potential)
viipüdäkcik (conditional conditional-i connegative passive)
viibüt'äkcik (conditional conditional-i connegative passive)
viipüdicik (conditional conditional-ii connegative passive)
viibütticik (conditional conditional-ii connegative passive)
viipüdänek (connegative passive potential)
viibüttänek (connegative passive potential)
viipüdäk (conditional conditional-i infinitive infinitive-i)
viipübä (active participle present)
viipüdäpä (participle passive present)
viibüttäpä (participle passive present)
viipüde- (conditional conditional-i infinitive infinitive-ii)
viipünüt (active participle past)
viipüdü (participle passive past)
viibüttü (participle passive past)
viipümä (conditional conditional-i gerund supine)
viipüminen (conditional conditional-i noun-from-verb)

Estonian: viibima/viibida

Finnish: viipyä

→ Inari Sami: viippâđ

→ Lule Sami: vihpat

→ Northern Sami: vihpat

Ingrian: viipyä

Karelian:

North Karelian: viipyö

Livonian: vībõ

Votic: viipüä

From *vii- + *-püdäk. From Proto-Uralic *wiŋe- through earlier *vije-. Compare *viimäinen (“last”).


haltijas

haltijas (nominative singular)
haltijasët (nominative plural)
haltijasën (accusative singular)
haltijasët (accusative plural)
haltijasën (genitive singular)
haltijastën (genitive plural)
haltijasidën (genitive plural)
haltijasta (partitive singular)
haltijasida (partitive plural)
haltijasëssa (inessive singular)
haltijasëhna (inessive singular)
haltijasissa (inessive plural)
haltijasihna (inessive plural)
haltijasësta (elative singular)
haltijasista (elative plural)
haltijasëhën (illative singular)
haltijasihën (illative plural)
haltijasëlla (adessive singular)
haltijasilla (adessive plural)
haltijasëlta (ablative singular)
haltijasilta (ablative plural)
haltijasëlën (allative singular)
haltijasëlëk (allative singular)
haltijasilën (allative plural)
haltijasilëk (allative plural)
haltijassa (essive singular)
haltijasina (essive plural)
haltijasëksi (singular translative)
haltijasiksi (plural translative)
haltijasën (instructive singular)
haltijasin (instructive plural)
haltijassëk (comitative singular)
haltijasinëk (comitative plural)
haltijasëtta (abessive singular)
haltijasitta (abessive plural)

Estonian: haldjas

Finnish: haltija, haltia

→ Inari Sami: häldee

→ Lule Sami: hállde

→ Northern Sami: háldi

Ingrian: haltias

→ Votic: haltiaz

Karelian:

North Karelian: haltie

South Karelian: haldie

Livvi: haldii

Ludian: halgij

desc

Votic: (Kattila) altiaz, (Lempola) altia

Borrowed from Proto-Norse *ᚺᚨᛚᛞᛁᛃᚨᛉ (*haldijaʀ, “holder”).


neetädäk

neetä- (stem)
needän (first-person present singular)
needein (first-person past singular)
neetägon (first-person optative singular)
needät (present second-person singular)
needeit (past second-person singular)
needäk (imperative second-person singular)
neetägos (optative second-person singular)
neetäbi (present singular third-person)
neetä (present singular third-person)
neetei (past singular third-person)
neetägäsen (imperative singular third-person)
neetägosen (optative singular third-person)
needäkmek (first-person plural present)
needäkmäk (first-person plural present)
neeteimek (first-person past plural)
neeteimäk (first-person past plural)
neetägätemek (first-person imperative plural)
neetägätämäk (first-person imperative plural)
neetägotemek (first-person optative plural)
neetägotämäk (first-person optative plural)
needäktek (plural present second-person)
needäktäk (plural present second-person)
neeteidek (past plural second-person)
neeteidäk (past plural second-person)
neetägäte (imperative plural second-person)
neetägätä (imperative plural second-person)
neetägot'ek (optative plural second-person)
neetägotädäk (optative plural second-person)
neetäbät (plural present third-person)
neetä (plural present third-person)
neetei (past plural third-person)
neetägäsen (imperative plural third-person)
neetägosen (optative plural third-person)
needäksen (passive present)
needät'äksen (passive present)
neetädisen (passive past)
needättisen (passive past)
neetädäkähen (imperative passive)
needättäkähen (imperative passive)
neetädäkohen (optative passive)
needättäkohen (optative passive)
needäk (connegative present)
neetägäk (connegative imperative)
neetägok (connegative optative)
needäktäk (connegative passive present)
neetädägäk (connegative imperative passive)
needättägäk (connegative imperative passive)
neetädägok (connegative optative passive)
needättägok (connegative optative passive)
needäkcin (conditional conditional-i first-person singular)
neeteicin (conditional conditional-ii first-person singular)
neetänen (first-person potential singular)
needäkcit (conditional conditional-i second-person singular)
neeteicit (conditional conditional-ii second-person singular)
neetänet (potential second-person singular)
needäkci (conditional conditional-i singular third-person)
neeteici (conditional conditional-ii singular third-person)
neetäni (potential singular third-person)
needäkcimek (conditional conditional-i first-person plural)
needäkcimäk (conditional conditional-i first-person plural)
neeteicimek (conditional conditional-ii first-person plural)
neeteicimäk (conditional conditional-ii first-person plural)
neetänemek (first-person plural potential)
neetänemäk (first-person plural potential)
needäkcidek (conditional conditional-i plural second-person)
needäkcidäk (conditional conditional-i plural second-person)
neeteicidek (conditional conditional-ii plural second-person)
neeteicidäk (conditional conditional-ii plural second-person)
neetänedek (plural potential second-person)
neetänedäk (plural potential second-person)
needäkci (conditional conditional-i plural third-person)
neeteici (conditional conditional-ii plural third-person)
neetäni (plural potential third-person)
neetädäkcihen (conditional conditional-i passive)
needät'äkcihen (conditional conditional-i passive)
neetädicihen (conditional conditional-ii passive)
needätticihen (conditional conditional-ii passive)
neetädänehen (passive potential)
needättänehen (passive potential)
needäkcik (conditional conditional-i connegative)
neeteicik (conditional conditional-ii connegative)
neetänek (connegative potential)
neetädäkcik (conditional conditional-i connegative passive)
needät'äkcik (conditional conditional-i connegative passive)
neetädicik (conditional conditional-ii connegative passive)
needätticik (conditional conditional-ii connegative passive)
neetädänek (connegative passive potential)
needättänek (connegative passive potential)
neetädäk (conditional conditional-i infinitive infinitive-i)
neetäbä (active participle present)
neetädäpä (participle passive present)
needättäpä (participle passive present)
neetäde- (conditional conditional-i infinitive infinitive-ii)
neetänüt (active participle past)
neetädü (participle passive past)
needättü (participle passive past)
neetämä (conditional conditional-i gerund supine)
neetäminen (conditional conditional-i noun-from-verb)

Estonian: needma/needa

Finnish: (obsolete) nietää


soori

soori (nominative singular)
soorët (nominative plural)
soorën (accusative singular)
soorët (accusative plural)
soorën (genitive singular)
soordën (genitive plural)
sooridën (genitive plural)
soorta (partitive singular)
soorida (partitive plural)
soorëssa (inessive singular)
soorëhna (inessive singular)
soorissa (inessive plural)
soorihna (inessive plural)
soorësta (elative singular)
soorista (elative plural)
soorëhën (illative singular)
soorihën (illative plural)
soorëlla (adessive singular)
soorilla (adessive plural)
soorëlta (ablative singular)
soorilta (ablative plural)
soorëlën (allative singular)
soorëlëk (allative singular)
soorilën (allative plural)
soorilëk (allative plural)
soorna (essive singular)
soorina (essive plural)
soorëksi (singular translative)
sooriksi (plural translative)
soorën (instructive singular)
soorin (instructive plural)
soornëk (comitative singular)
soorinëk (comitative plural)
soorëtta (abessive singular)
sooritta (abessive plural)

Livonian: sūoŗ

From Proto-Finno-Ugric *särä. Cognates include Hungarian ér and Northern Mansi та̄р (tār).


sälüttädäk

sälüttä- (stem)
sälüt'än (first-person present singular)
sälüt'ein (first-person past singular)
sälüttägon (first-person optative singular)
sälüt'ät (present second-person singular)
sälüt'eit (past second-person singular)
sälüt'äk (imperative second-person singular)
sälüttägos (optative second-person singular)
sälüttäpi (present singular third-person)
sälüttä (present singular third-person)
sälüttei (past singular third-person)
sälüttäkähen (imperative singular third-person)
sälüttäkohen (optative singular third-person)
sälüt'äkmek (first-person plural present)
sälüt'äkmäk (first-person plural present)
sälütteimek (first-person past plural)
sälütteimäk (first-person past plural)
sälüttäkädemek (first-person imperative plural)
sälüttäkädämäk (first-person imperative plural)
sälüttäkodemek (first-person optative plural)
sälüttäkodämäk (first-person optative plural)
sälüt'äktek (plural present second-person)
sälüt'äktäk (plural present second-person)
sälütteidek (past plural second-person)
sälütteidäk (past plural second-person)
sälüttäkäde (imperative plural second-person)
sälüttäkädä (imperative plural second-person)
sälüttägot'ek (optative plural second-person)
sälüttäkodädäk (optative plural second-person)
sälüttäbät (plural present third-person)
sälüttä (plural present third-person)
sälüttei (past plural third-person)
sälüttäkähen (imperative plural third-person)
sälüttäkohen (optative plural third-person)
sälüt'äksen (passive present)
sälüt'ät'äksen (passive present)
sälüttätihen (passive past)
sälüt'ättihen (passive past)
sälüttätägäsen (imperative passive)
sälüt'ättägäsen (imperative passive)
sälüttätägosen (optative passive)
sälüt'ättägosen (optative passive)
sälüt'äk (connegative present)
sälüttägäk (connegative imperative)
sälüttägok (connegative optative)
sälüt'äktäk (connegative passive present)
sälüttätägäk (connegative imperative passive)
sälüt'ättägäk (connegative imperative passive)
sälüttätägok (connegative optative passive)
sälüt'ättägok (connegative optative passive)
sälüt'äkcin (conditional conditional-i first-person singular)
sälütteicin (conditional conditional-ii first-person singular)
sälüttänen (first-person potential singular)
sälüt'äkcit (conditional conditional-i second-person singular)
sälütteicit (conditional conditional-ii second-person singular)
sälüttänet (potential second-person singular)
sälüt'äkci (conditional conditional-i singular third-person)
sälütteici (conditional conditional-ii singular third-person)
sälüttäni (potential singular third-person)
sälüt'äkcimek (conditional conditional-i first-person plural)
sälüt'äkcimäk (conditional conditional-i first-person plural)
sälütteicimek (conditional conditional-ii first-person plural)
sälütteicimäk (conditional conditional-ii first-person plural)
sälüttänemek (first-person plural potential)
sälüttänemäk (first-person plural potential)
sälüt'äkcidek (conditional conditional-i plural second-person)
sälüt'äkcidäk (conditional conditional-i plural second-person)
sälütteicidek (conditional conditional-ii plural second-person)
sälütteicidäk (conditional conditional-ii plural second-person)
sälüttänedek (plural potential second-person)
sälüttänedäk (plural potential second-person)
sälüt'äkci (conditional conditional-i plural third-person)
sälütteici (conditional conditional-ii plural third-person)
sälüttäni (plural potential third-person)
sälüttädäkcisen (conditional conditional-i passive)
sälüt'ät'äkcisen (conditional conditional-i passive)
sälüttäticisen (conditional conditional-ii passive)
sälüt'ätticisen (conditional conditional-ii passive)
sälüttätänesen (passive potential)
sälüt'ättänesen (passive potential)
sälüt'äkcik (conditional conditional-i connegative)
sälütteicik (conditional conditional-ii connegative)
sälüttänek (connegative potential)
sälüttädäkcik (conditional conditional-i connegative passive)
sälüt'ät'äkcik (conditional conditional-i connegative passive)
sälüttäticik (conditional conditional-ii connegative passive)
sälüt'ätticik (conditional conditional-ii connegative passive)
sälüttätänek (connegative passive potential)
sälüt'ättänek (connegative passive potential)
sälüttädäk (conditional conditional-i infinitive infinitive-i)
sälüttäpä (active participle present)
sälüttätäbä (participle passive present)
sälüt'ättäbä (participle passive present)
sälüttäte- (conditional conditional-i infinitive infinitive-ii)
sälüttänüt (active participle past)
sälüttätü (participle passive past)
sälüt'ättü (participle passive past)
sälüttämä (conditional conditional-i gerund supine)
sälüttäminen (conditional conditional-i noun-from-verb)

Estonian: ⇒ sälitis (< *sälüt'üs)

Finnish: sälyttää

Ingrian: sälyttää

Livonian: sä’ltõ

Probably from Proto-Uralic *sälä-(w-) + *-ttädäk.


näridäk

näri- (stem)
närin (first-person present singular)
närejin (first-person past singular)
närigon (first-person optative singular)
närit (present second-person singular)
närejit (past second-person singular)
närik (imperative second-person singular)
närigos (optative second-person singular)
näribi (present singular third-person)
näri (present singular third-person)
näreji (past singular third-person)
närigäsen (imperative singular third-person)
närigosen (optative singular third-person)
närikmek (first-person plural present)
närikmäk (first-person plural present)
närejimek (first-person past plural)
närejimäk (first-person past plural)
närigätemek (first-person imperative plural)
närigätämäk (first-person imperative plural)
närigotemek (first-person optative plural)
närigotämäk (first-person optative plural)
näriktek (plural present second-person)
näriktäk (plural present second-person)
närejidek (past plural second-person)
närejidäk (past plural second-person)
närigäte (imperative plural second-person)
närigätä (imperative plural second-person)
närigot'ek (optative plural second-person)
närigotädäk (optative plural second-person)
näribät (plural present third-person)
näri (plural present third-person)
näreji (past plural third-person)
närigäsen (imperative plural third-person)
närigosen (optative plural third-person)
näriksen (passive present)
närit'äksen (passive present)
näridisen (passive past)
närittisen (passive past)
näridäkähen (imperative passive)
närittäkähen (imperative passive)
näridäkohen (optative passive)
närittäkohen (optative passive)
närik (connegative present)
närigäk (connegative imperative)
närigok (connegative optative)
näriktäk (connegative passive present)
näridägäk (connegative imperative passive)
närittägäk (connegative imperative passive)
näridägok (connegative optative passive)
närittägok (connegative optative passive)
närikcin (conditional conditional-i first-person singular)
närejicin (conditional conditional-ii first-person singular)
närinen (first-person potential singular)
närikcit (conditional conditional-i second-person singular)
närejicit (conditional conditional-ii second-person singular)
närinet (potential second-person singular)
närikci (conditional conditional-i singular third-person)
närejici (conditional conditional-ii singular third-person)
närini (potential singular third-person)
närikcimek (conditional conditional-i first-person plural)
närikcimäk (conditional conditional-i first-person plural)
närejicimek (conditional conditional-ii first-person plural)
närejicimäk (conditional conditional-ii first-person plural)
närinemek (first-person plural potential)
närinemäk (first-person plural potential)
närikcidek (conditional conditional-i plural second-person)
närikcidäk (conditional conditional-i plural second-person)
närejicidek (conditional conditional-ii plural second-person)
närejicidäk (conditional conditional-ii plural second-person)
närinedek (plural potential second-person)
närinedäk (plural potential second-person)
närikci (conditional conditional-i plural third-person)
närejici (conditional conditional-ii plural third-person)
närini (plural potential third-person)
näridäkcihen (conditional conditional-i passive)
närit'äkcihen (conditional conditional-i passive)
näridicihen (conditional conditional-ii passive)
näritticihen (conditional conditional-ii passive)
näridänehen (passive potential)
närittänehen (passive potential)
närikcik (conditional conditional-i connegative)
närejicik (conditional conditional-ii connegative)
närinek (connegative potential)
näridäkcik (conditional conditional-i connegative passive)
närit'äkcik (conditional conditional-i connegative passive)
näridicik (conditional conditional-ii connegative passive)
näritticik (conditional conditional-ii connegative passive)
näridänek (connegative passive potential)
närittänek (connegative passive potential)
näridäk (conditional conditional-i infinitive infinitive-i)
näribä (active participle present)
näridäpä (participle passive present)
närittäpä (participle passive present)
näride- (conditional conditional-i infinitive infinitive-ii)
närinüt (active participle past)
näridü (participle passive past)
närittü (participle passive past)
närimä (conditional conditional-i gerund supine)
näriminen (conditional conditional-i noun-from-verb)

Estonian: närima/närida

Finnish: (dialectal) näriä

Ingrian: närriä

⇒ Livvi: närissä

Votic: närriä


väledä

väledä (nominative singular)
väledät (nominative plural)
väledän (accusative singular)
väledät (accusative plural)
väledän (genitive singular)
väledäden (genitive plural)
väledeiden (genitive plural)
väledätä (partitive singular)
väledeitä (partitive plural)
väledässä (inessive singular)
väledähnä (inessive singular)
väledeissä (inessive plural)
väledeihnä (inessive plural)
väledästä (elative singular)
väledeistä (elative plural)
väledäsen (illative singular)
väledeisen (illative plural)
väledällä (adessive singular)
väledeillä (adessive plural)
väledältä (ablative singular)
väledeiltä (ablative plural)
väledälen (allative singular)
väledälek (allative singular)
väledeilen (allative plural)
väledeilek (allative plural)
väledänä (essive singular)
väledeinä (essive plural)
väledäksi (singular translative)
väledeiksi (plural translative)
väledän (instructive singular)
väledein (instructive plural)
väledänek (comitative singular)
väledeinek (comitative plural)
väledättä (abessive singular)
väledeittä (abessive plural)

Estonian: väle

Finnish: (dialectal) väleä

⇒ Ingrian: väljää, vällää ("soon")

⇒ Karelian: väleän (“quickly”)

Võro: välle

From the same root *väl- as Finnish välähtää and *välkküdäk + *-ëda.


nuksi

nuksi (nominative singular)
nuksët (nominative plural)
nuksën (accusative singular)
nuksët (accusative plural)
nuksën (genitive singular)
nustën (genitive plural)
nuksidën (genitive plural)
nusta (partitive singular)
nuksida (partitive plural)
nuksëssa (inessive singular)
nuksëhna (inessive singular)
nuksissa (inessive plural)
nuksihna (inessive plural)
nuksësta (elative singular)
nuksista (elative plural)
nuksëhën (illative singular)
nuksihën (illative plural)
nuksëlla (adessive singular)
nuksilla (adessive plural)
nuksëlta (ablative singular)
nuksilta (ablative plural)
nuksëlën (allative singular)
nuksëlëk (allative singular)
nuksilën (allative plural)
nuksilëk (allative plural)
nussa (essive singular)
nuksina (essive plural)
nuksëksi (singular translative)
nuksiksi (plural translative)
nuksën (instructive singular)
nuksin (instructive plural)
nussëk (comitative singular)
nuksinëk (comitative plural)
nuksëtta (abessive singular)
nuksitta (abessive plural)

Estonian: nugis

Võro: nukis'


roota

roota (nominative singular)
roodat (nominative plural)
roodan (accusative singular)
roodat (accusative plural)
roodan (genitive singular)
rootadën (genitive plural)
rootëidën (genitive plural)
rootada (partitive singular)
rootëida (partitive plural)
roodassa (inessive singular)
roodahna (inessive singular)
roodëissa (inessive plural)
roodëihna (inessive plural)
roodasta (elative singular)
roodëista (elative plural)
rootahën (illative singular)
rootëihën (illative plural)
roodalla (adessive singular)
roodëilla (adessive plural)
roodalta (ablative singular)
roodëilta (ablative plural)
rootalën (allative singular)
rootalëk (allative singular)
rootëilën (allative plural)
rootëilëk (allative plural)
rootana (essive singular)
rootëina (essive plural)
roodaksi (singular translative)
roodëiksi (plural translative)
roodan (instructive singular)
roodëin (instructive plural)
rootanëk (comitative singular)
rootëinëk (comitative plural)
roodatta (abessive singular)
roodëitta (abessive plural)

Finnish: (dialectal) ruota

Karelian:

North Karelian: ruota

South Karelian: ruoda

Livvi: ruodu

Ludian: ruod

Veps: rod

Estonian: rood

Finnish: ruoto

Ingrian: rooto

Livonian: rūod

Votic: rooto

Possibly borrowed from Proto-Germanic *rōdō or from Proto-Germanic [Term?] (whence Old Norse tróð).


audër

audër (nominative singular)
autërët (nominative plural)
autërën (accusative singular)
autërët (accusative plural)
autërën (genitive singular)
audërdën (genitive plural)
autëridën (genitive plural)
audërta (partitive singular)
autërita (partitive plural)
autërëssa (inessive singular)
autërëhna (inessive singular)
autërissa (inessive plural)
autërihna (inessive plural)
autërësta (elative singular)
autërista (elative plural)
autërësën (illative singular)
autërisën (illative plural)
autërëlla (adessive singular)
autërilla (adessive plural)
autërëlta (ablative singular)
autërilta (ablative plural)
autërëlën (allative singular)
autërëlëk (allative singular)
autërilën (allative plural)
autërilëk (allative plural)
audërna (essive singular)
autërina (essive plural)
autërëksi (singular translative)
autëriksi (plural translative)
autërën (instructive singular)
autërin (instructive plural)
audërnëk (comitative singular)
autërinëk (comitative plural)
autërëtta (abessive singular)
autëritta (abessive plural)

Estonian: aur

desc

Finnish: auer, (dialectal) auder, autere

Karelian:

North Karelian: auver

Livonian: ouŗ

Võro: aur

Unknown. Possibly borrowed from Proto-Baltic [Term?] (whence Lithuanian šiaurė).


lëëcca

lëëcca (nominative singular)
lëëc'at (nominative plural)
lëëc'an (accusative singular)
lëëc'at (accusative plural)
lëëc'an (genitive singular)
lëëccadën (genitive plural)
lëëccoidën (genitive plural)
lëëccada (partitive singular)
lëëccoida (partitive plural)
lëëc'assa (inessive singular)
lëëc'ahna (inessive singular)
lëëc'oissa (inessive plural)
lëëc'oihna (inessive plural)
lëëc'asta (elative singular)
lëëc'oista (elative plural)
lëëccahën (illative singular)
lëëccoihën (illative plural)
lëëc'alla (adessive singular)
lëëc'oilla (adessive plural)
lëëc'alta (ablative singular)
lëëc'oilta (ablative plural)
lëëccalën (allative singular)
lëëccalëk (allative singular)
lëëccoilën (allative plural)
lëëccoilëk (allative plural)
lëëccana (essive singular)
lëëccoina (essive plural)
lëëc'aksi (singular translative)
lëëc'oiksi (plural translative)
lëëc'an (instructive singular)
lëëc'oin (instructive plural)
lëëccanëk (comitative singular)
lëëccoinëk (comitative plural)
lëëc'atta (abessive singular)
lëëc'oitta (abessive plural)

Estonian: lõõts

Ingrian: leetsa

Võro: lyyts

Votic: (Kattila) lõõttsa

Finnish: lietso

Probably borrowed from Baltic *plētjā, compare Latvian plēšas.


lëëccudak

lëëccu- (stem)
lëëc'un (first-person present singular)
lëëc'uin (first-person past singular)
lëëccugon (first-person optative singular)
lëëc'ut (present second-person singular)
lëëc'uit (past second-person singular)
lëëc'uk (imperative second-person singular)
lëëccugos (optative second-person singular)
lëëccubi (present singular third-person)
lëëccu (present singular third-person)
lëëccui (past singular third-person)
lëëccugasën (imperative singular third-person)
lëëccugosën (optative singular third-person)
lëëc'ukmëk (first-person plural present)
lëëc'ukmak (first-person plural present)
lëëccuimëk (first-person past plural)
lëëccuimak (first-person past plural)
lëëccugatëmëk (first-person imperative plural)
lëëccugatamak (first-person imperative plural)
lëëccugotëmëk (first-person optative plural)
lëëccugotamak (first-person optative plural)
lëëc'uktëk (plural present second-person)
lëëc'uktak (plural present second-person)
lëëccuidëk (past plural second-person)
lëëccuidak (past plural second-person)
lëëccugatë (imperative plural second-person)
lëëccugata (imperative plural second-person)
lëëccugot'ëk (optative plural second-person)
lëëccugotadak (optative plural second-person)
lëëccubat (plural present third-person)
lëëccu (plural present third-person)
lëëccui (past plural third-person)
lëëccugasën (imperative plural third-person)
lëëccugosën (optative plural third-person)
lëëc'uksën (passive present)
lëëc'ut'aksën (passive present)
lëëccudisën (passive past)
lëëc'uttisën (passive past)
lëëccudakahën (imperative passive)
lëëc'uttakahën (imperative passive)
lëëccudakohën (optative passive)
lëëc'uttakohën (optative passive)
lëëc'uk (connegative present)
lëëccugak (connegative imperative)
lëëccugok (connegative optative)
lëëc'uktak (connegative passive present)
lëëccudagak (connegative imperative passive)
lëëc'uttagak (connegative imperative passive)
lëëccudagok (connegative optative passive)
lëëc'uttagok (connegative optative passive)
lëëc'ukcin (conditional conditional-i first-person singular)
lëëccuicin (conditional conditional-ii first-person singular)
lëëccunën (first-person potential singular)
lëëc'ukcit (conditional conditional-i second-person singular)
lëëccuicit (conditional conditional-ii second-person singular)
lëëccunët (potential second-person singular)
lëëc'ukci (conditional conditional-i singular third-person)
lëëccuici (conditional conditional-ii singular third-person)
lëëccuni (potential singular third-person)
lëëc'ukcimëk (conditional conditional-i first-person plural)
lëëc'ukcimak (conditional conditional-i first-person plural)
lëëccuicimëk (conditional conditional-ii first-person plural)
lëëccuicimak (conditional conditional-ii first-person plural)
lëëccunëmëk (first-person plural potential)
lëëccunëmak (first-person plural potential)
lëëc'ukcidëk (conditional conditional-i plural second-person)
lëëc'ukcidak (conditional conditional-i plural second-person)
lëëccuicidëk (conditional conditional-ii plural second-person)
lëëccuicidak (conditional conditional-ii plural second-person)
lëëccunëdëk (plural potential second-person)
lëëccunëdak (plural potential second-person)
lëëc'ukci (conditional conditional-i plural third-person)
lëëccuici (conditional conditional-ii plural third-person)
lëëccuni (plural potential third-person)
lëëccudakcihën (conditional conditional-i passive)
lëëc'ut'akcihën (conditional conditional-i passive)
lëëccudicihën (conditional conditional-ii passive)
lëëc'utticihën (conditional conditional-ii passive)
lëëccudanëhën (passive potential)
lëëc'uttanëhën (passive potential)
lëëc'ukcik (conditional conditional-i connegative)
lëëccuicik (conditional conditional-ii connegative)
lëëccunëk (connegative potential)
lëëccudakcik (conditional conditional-i connegative passive)
lëëc'ut'akcik (conditional conditional-i connegative passive)
lëëccudicik (conditional conditional-ii connegative passive)
lëëc'utticik (conditional conditional-ii connegative passive)
lëëccudanëk (connegative passive potential)
lëëc'uttanëk (connegative passive potential)
lëëccudak (conditional conditional-i infinitive infinitive-i)
lëëccuba (active participle present)
lëëccudapa (participle passive present)
lëëc'uttapa (participle passive present)
lëëccudë- (conditional conditional-i infinitive infinitive-ii)
lëëccunut (active participle past)
lëëccudu (participle passive past)
lëëc'uttu (participle passive past)
lëëccuma (conditional conditional-i gerund supine)
lëëccuminen (conditional conditional-i noun-from-verb)

Estonian: lõõtsuma

Ingrian: leetsua

⇒ Livonian: lȭtstõ

Votic: (Jõgõperä) lõõttsua

Võro: lyytsma

Finnish: lietsoa, liehtoa

Karelian: lieččuo

Ludian: lieččoda

to blow air into, fan (a fire, etc., originally with bellows)


nügüt

Estonian: nüüd

→? Livonian: (Courland) ni, (Salaca) nǖd

Finnish: nyt

Ingrian: nyt, nyttä

Karelian:

North Karelian: nyt

South Karelian: nyt, nyyt

⇒ Livvi: nygöi

Ludian: nügü

Veps: nügüd'

Võro: nüüd

Votic: nüd


rookko

rookko (nominative singular)
rook'ot (nominative plural)
rook'on (accusative singular)
rook'ot (accusative plural)
rook'on (genitive singular)
rookkodën (genitive plural)
rookkoidën (genitive plural)
rookkoda (partitive singular)
rookkoida (partitive plural)
rook'ossa (inessive singular)
rook'ohna (inessive singular)
rook'oissa (inessive plural)
rook'oihna (inessive plural)
rook'osta (elative singular)
rook'oista (elative plural)
rookkohën (illative singular)
rookkoihën (illative plural)
rook'olla (adessive singular)
rook'oilla (adessive plural)
rook'olta (ablative singular)
rook'oilta (ablative plural)
rookkolën (allative singular)
rookkolëk (allative singular)
rookkoilën (allative plural)
rookkoilëk (allative plural)
rookkona (essive singular)
rookkoina (essive plural)
rook'oksi (singular translative)
rook'oiksi (plural translative)
rook'on (instructive singular)
rook'oin (instructive plural)
rookkonëk (comitative singular)
rookkoinëk (comitative plural)
rook'otta (abessive singular)
rook'oitta (abessive plural)

Finnish: ruokko

Karelian:

North Karelian: ruokko

South Karelian: ruokko

Livonian: rūok ?

Livvi: ruokko

⇒ Ludian: ruokkoh

Borrowed from Proto-Germanic *rōkō (“care, attention”). Doublet of *rooka.


pëlu

Finnic (Northern)
pëlu (nominative singular)
pëlut (nominative plural)
pëlun (accusative singular)
pëlut (accusative plural)
pëlun (genitive singular)
pëludën (genitive plural)
pëluidën (genitive plural)
pëluda (partitive singular)
pëluida (partitive plural)
pëlussa (inessive singular)
pëluhna (inessive singular)
pëluissa (inessive plural)
pëluihna (inessive plural)
pëlusta (elative singular)
pëluista (elative plural)
pëluhën (illative singular)
pëluihën (illative plural)
pëlulla (adessive singular)
pëluilla (adessive plural)
pëlulta (ablative singular)
pëluilta (ablative plural)
pëlulën (allative singular)
pëlulëk (allative singular)
pëluilën (allative plural)
pëluilëk (allative plural)
pëluna (essive singular)
pëluina (essive plural)
pëluksi (singular translative)
pëluiksi (plural translative)
pëlun (instructive singular)
pëluin (instructive plural)
pëlunëk (comitative singular)
pëluinëk (comitative plural)
pëlutta (abessive singular)
pëluitta (abessive plural)

Finnish: (dialectal) pelu, pelut pl

Veps: pelu

Borrowed from Proto-Baltic [Term?] (whence Latvian pelus, Lithuanian pelūs, Old Prussian pelwo), related to Proto-Slavic *pèlva.


keeridäk

keeri- (stem)
keerin (first-person present singular)
keerejin (first-person past singular)
keerigon (first-person optative singular)
keerit (present second-person singular)
keerejit (past second-person singular)
keerik (imperative second-person singular)
keerigos (optative second-person singular)
keeribi (present singular third-person)
keeri (present singular third-person)
keereji (past singular third-person)
keerigäsen (imperative singular third-person)
keerigosen (optative singular third-person)
keerikmek (first-person plural present)
keerikmäk (first-person plural present)
keerejimek (first-person past plural)
keerejimäk (first-person past plural)
keerigätemek (first-person imperative plural)
keerigätämäk (first-person imperative plural)
keerigotemek (first-person optative plural)
keerigotämäk (first-person optative plural)
keeriktek (plural present second-person)
keeriktäk (plural present second-person)
keerejidek (past plural second-person)
keerejidäk (past plural second-person)
keerigäte (imperative plural second-person)
keerigätä (imperative plural second-person)
keerigot'ek (optative plural second-person)
keerigotädäk (optative plural second-person)
keeribät (plural present third-person)
keeri (plural present third-person)
keereji (past plural third-person)
keerigäsen (imperative plural third-person)
keerigosen (optative plural third-person)
keeriksen (passive present)
keerit'äksen (passive present)
keeridisen (passive past)
keerittisen (passive past)
keeridäkähen (imperative passive)
keerittäkähen (imperative passive)
keeridäkohen (optative passive)
keerittäkohen (optative passive)
keerik (connegative present)
keerigäk (connegative imperative)
keerigok (connegative optative)
keeriktäk (connegative passive present)
keeridägäk (connegative imperative passive)
keerittägäk (connegative imperative passive)
keeridägok (connegative optative passive)
keerittägok (connegative optative passive)
keerikcin (conditional conditional-i first-person singular)
keerejicin (conditional conditional-ii first-person singular)
keerinen (first-person potential singular)
keerikcit (conditional conditional-i second-person singular)
keerejicit (conditional conditional-ii second-person singular)
keerinet (potential second-person singular)
keerikci (conditional conditional-i singular third-person)
keerejici (conditional conditional-ii singular third-person)
keerini (potential singular third-person)
keerikcimek (conditional conditional-i first-person plural)
keerikcimäk (conditional conditional-i first-person plural)
keerejicimek (conditional conditional-ii first-person plural)
keerejicimäk (conditional conditional-ii first-person plural)
keerinemek (first-person plural potential)
keerinemäk (first-person plural potential)
keerikcidek (conditional conditional-i plural second-person)
keerikcidäk (conditional conditional-i plural second-person)
keerejicidek (conditional conditional-ii plural second-person)
keerejicidäk (conditional conditional-ii plural second-person)
keerinedek (plural potential second-person)
keerinedäk (plural potential second-person)
keerikci (conditional conditional-i plural third-person)
keerejici (conditional conditional-ii plural third-person)
keerini (plural potential third-person)
keeridäkcihen (conditional conditional-i passive)
keerit'äkcihen (conditional conditional-i passive)
keeridicihen (conditional conditional-ii passive)
keeritticihen (conditional conditional-ii passive)
keeridänehen (passive potential)
keerittänehen (passive potential)
keerikcik (conditional conditional-i connegative)
keerejicik (conditional conditional-ii connegative)
keerinek (connegative potential)
keeridäkcik (conditional conditional-i connegative passive)
keerit'äkcik (conditional conditional-i connegative passive)
keeridicik (conditional conditional-ii connegative passive)
keeritticik (conditional conditional-ii connegative passive)
keeridänek (connegative passive potential)
keerittänek (connegative passive potential)
keeridäk (conditional conditional-i infinitive infinitive-i)
keeribä (active participle present)
keeridäpä (participle passive present)
keerittäpä (participle passive present)
keeride- (conditional conditional-i infinitive infinitive-ii)
keerinüt (active participle past)
keeridü (participle passive past)
keerittü (participle passive past)
keerimä (conditional conditional-i gerund supine)
keeriminen (conditional conditional-i noun-from-verb)

Estonian: keerima

Finnish: kieriä

Karelian: kierie

A frequentative *keerdäk + *-idäk. Compare the doublet *kääridäk.


pudot'ak

putoda- (stem)
putodan (first-person present singular)
putocin (first-person past singular)
pudotkon (first-person optative singular)
putodat (present second-person singular)
putocit (past second-person singular)
putodak (imperative second-person singular)
pudotkos (optative second-person singular)
putodapi (present singular third-person)
pudot (present singular third-person)
putoci (past singular third-person)
pudotkasën (imperative singular third-person)
pudotkosën (optative singular third-person)
putodakmëk (first-person plural present)
putodakmak (first-person plural present)
putocimëk (first-person past plural)
putocimak (first-person past plural)
pudotkatëmëk (first-person imperative plural)
pudotkatamak (first-person imperative plural)
pudotkotëmëk (first-person optative plural)
pudotkotamak (first-person optative plural)
putodaktëk (plural present second-person)
putodaktak (plural present second-person)
putocidëk (past plural second-person)
putocidak (past plural second-person)
pudotkatë (imperative plural second-person)
pudotkata (imperative plural second-person)
pudotkot'ëk (optative plural second-person)
pudotkotadak (optative plural second-person)
putodabat (plural present third-person)
pudot (plural present third-person)
putoci (past plural third-person)
pudotkasën (imperative plural third-person)
pudotkosën (optative plural third-person)
putodaksën (passive present)
putodat'aksën (passive present)
pudottisën (passive past)
putodattihën (passive past)
pudottakahën (imperative passive)
putodattagasën (imperative passive)
pudottakohën (optative passive)
putodattagosën (optative passive)
putodak (connegative present)
pudotkak (connegative imperative)
pudotkok (connegative optative)
putodaktak (connegative passive present)
pudottagak (connegative imperative passive)
putodattagak (connegative imperative passive)
pudottagok (connegative optative passive)
putodattagok (connegative optative passive)
putodakcin (conditional conditional-i first-person singular)
putocicin (conditional conditional-ii first-person singular)
pudonnën (first-person potential singular)
putodakcit (conditional conditional-i second-person singular)
putocicit (conditional conditional-ii second-person singular)
pudonnët (potential second-person singular)
putodakci (conditional conditional-i singular third-person)
putocici (conditional conditional-ii singular third-person)
pudonni (potential singular third-person)
putodakcimëk (conditional conditional-i first-person plural)
putodakcimak (conditional conditional-i first-person plural)
putocicimëk (conditional conditional-ii first-person plural)
putocicimak (conditional conditional-ii first-person plural)
pudonnëmëk (first-person plural potential)
pudonnëmak (first-person plural potential)
putodakcidëk (conditional conditional-i plural second-person)
putodakcidak (conditional conditional-i plural second-person)
putocicidëk (conditional conditional-ii plural second-person)
putocicidak (conditional conditional-ii plural second-person)
pudonnëdëk (plural potential second-person)
pudonnëdak (plural potential second-person)
putodakci (conditional conditional-i plural third-person)
putocici (conditional conditional-ii plural third-person)
pudonni (plural potential third-person)
pudot'akcihën (conditional conditional-i passive)
putodat'akcisën (conditional conditional-i passive)
pudotticihën (conditional conditional-ii passive)
putodatticisën (conditional conditional-ii passive)
pudottanëhën (passive potential)
putodattanësën (passive potential)
putodakcik (conditional conditional-i connegative)
putocicik (conditional conditional-ii connegative)
pudonnëk (connegative potential)
pudot'akcik (conditional conditional-i connegative passive)
putodat'akcik (conditional conditional-i connegative passive)
pudotticik (conditional conditional-ii connegative passive)
putodatticik (conditional conditional-ii connegative passive)
pudottanëk (connegative passive potential)
putodattanëk (connegative passive potential)
pudot'ak (conditional conditional-i infinitive infinitive-i)
putodapa (active participle present)
pudottapa (participle passive present)
putodattaba (participle passive present)
pudottë- (conditional conditional-i infinitive infinitive-ii)
pudonnut (active participle past)
pudottu (participle passive past)
putodattu (participle passive past)
putodama (conditional conditional-i gerund supine)
putodaminen (conditional conditional-i noun-from-verb)

⇒ Estonian: pudenema/pudeneda

Finnish: pudota

Ingrian: puota

Karelian:

North Karelian: puvota

Livonian: pu’ddõ

⇒ Veps: pudotada

⇒ Võro: pudõnõma/pudõnõdaq

Probably from Proto-Uralic *puďa-w- (“to break off”) ( + *-t'ak), whence also Proto-Samic *poδōtēk (“to break”), Udmurt [script needed] (piĺ-), Eastern Mari [script needed] (puδešta-).