löödäk

löö- (stem)
löön (first-person present singular)
löin (first-person past singular)
löögon (first-person optative singular)
lööt (present second-person singular)
löit (past second-person singular)
löök (imperative second-person singular)
löögos (optative second-person singular)
lööpi (present singular third-person)
löö (present singular third-person)
löi (past singular third-person)
löökähen (imperative singular third-person)
löökohen (optative singular third-person)
löökmek (first-person plural present)
löökmäk (first-person plural present)
löimek (first-person past plural)
löimäk (first-person past plural)
löökädemek (first-person imperative plural)
löökädämäk (first-person imperative plural)
löökodemek (first-person optative plural)
löökodämäk (first-person optative plural)
lööktek (plural present second-person)
lööktäk (plural present second-person)
löidek (past plural second-person)
löidäk (past plural second-person)
löökäde (imperative plural second-person)
löökädä (imperative plural second-person)
löögot'ek (optative plural second-person)
löökodädäk (optative plural second-person)
lööbät (plural present third-person)
löö (plural present third-person)
löi (past plural third-person)
löökähen (imperative plural third-person)
löökohen (optative plural third-person)
lööksen (passive present)
lööt'äksen (passive present)
löötihen (passive past)
lööttihen (passive past)
löötägäsen (imperative passive)
lööttägäsen (imperative passive)
löötägosen (optative passive)
lööttägosen (optative passive)
löök (connegative present)
löögäk (connegative imperative)
löögok (connegative optative)
lööktäk (connegative passive present)
löötägäk (connegative imperative passive)
lööttägäk (connegative imperative passive)
löötägok (connegative optative passive)
lööttägok (connegative optative passive)
löökcin (conditional conditional-i first-person singular)
löicin (conditional conditional-ii first-person singular)
löönen (first-person potential singular)
löökcit (conditional conditional-i second-person singular)
löicit (conditional conditional-ii second-person singular)
löönet (potential second-person singular)
löökci (conditional conditional-i singular third-person)
löici (conditional conditional-ii singular third-person)
lööni (potential singular third-person)
löökcimek (conditional conditional-i first-person plural)
löökcimäk (conditional conditional-i first-person plural)
löicimek (conditional conditional-ii first-person plural)
löicimäk (conditional conditional-ii first-person plural)
löönemek (first-person plural potential)
löönemäk (first-person plural potential)
löökcidek (conditional conditional-i plural second-person)
löökcidäk (conditional conditional-i plural second-person)
löicidek (conditional conditional-ii plural second-person)
löicidäk (conditional conditional-ii plural second-person)
löönedek (plural potential second-person)
löönedäk (plural potential second-person)
löökci (conditional conditional-i plural third-person)
löici (conditional conditional-ii plural third-person)
lööni (plural potential third-person)
löödäkcisen (conditional conditional-i passive)
lööt'äkcisen (conditional conditional-i passive)
lööticisen (conditional conditional-ii passive)
löötticisen (conditional conditional-ii passive)
löötänesen (passive potential)
lööttänesen (passive potential)
löökcik (conditional conditional-i connegative)
löicik (conditional conditional-ii connegative)
löönek (connegative potential)
löödäkcik (conditional conditional-i connegative passive)
lööt'äkcik (conditional conditional-i connegative passive)
lööticik (conditional conditional-ii connegative passive)
löötticik (conditional conditional-ii connegative passive)
löötänek (connegative passive potential)
lööttänek (connegative passive potential)
löödäk (conditional conditional-i infinitive infinitive-i)
lööpä (active participle present)
löötäbä (participle passive present)
lööttäbä (participle passive present)
lööte- (conditional conditional-i infinitive infinitive-ii)
löönüt (active participle past)
löötü (participle passive past)
lööttü (participle passive past)
löömä (conditional conditional-i gerund supine)
lööminen (conditional conditional-i noun-from-verb)

Estonian: lööma/lüüa

Finnish: lyödä

Ingrian: löövvä

Karelian: lyyvvä

Ludian: lüödä

Veps: löda

Võro: lüümä/lüvväq

Votic: lüvve


kooldak

koolë- (stem)
koolën (first-person present singular)
koolin (first-person past singular)
koolgon (first-person optative singular)
koolët (present second-person singular)
koolit (past second-person singular)
koolëk (imperative second-person singular)
koolgos (optative second-person singular)
koolëbi (present singular third-person)
kooli (present singular third-person)
kooli (past singular third-person)
koolkahën (imperative singular third-person)
koolkohën (optative singular third-person)
koolëkmëk (first-person plural present)
koolëkmak (first-person plural present)
koolimëk (first-person past plural)
koolimak (first-person past plural)
koolkadëmëk (first-person imperative plural)
koolkadamak (first-person imperative plural)
koolkodëmëk (first-person optative plural)
koolkodamak (first-person optative plural)
koolëktëk (plural present second-person)
koolëktak (plural present second-person)
koolidëk (past plural second-person)
koolidak (past plural second-person)
koolkadë (imperative plural second-person)
koolkada (imperative plural second-person)
koolgot'ëk (optative plural second-person)
koolkodadak (optative plural second-person)
koolëbat (plural present third-person)
kooli (plural present third-person)
kooli (past plural third-person)
koolkahën (imperative plural third-person)
koolkohën (optative plural third-person)
koolëksën (passive present)
koolët'aksën (passive present)
kooltihën (passive past)
koolëttisën (passive past)
kooltagasën (imperative passive)
koolëttakahën (imperative passive)
kooltagosën (optative passive)
koolëttakohën (optative passive)
koolëk (connegative present)
koolgak (connegative imperative)
koolgok (connegative optative)
koolëktak (connegative passive present)
kooltagak (connegative imperative passive)
koolëttagak (connegative imperative passive)
kooltagok (connegative optative passive)
koolëttagok (connegative optative passive)
koolëkcin (conditional conditional-i first-person singular)
koolicin (conditional conditional-ii first-person singular)
koollën (first-person potential singular)
koolëkcit (conditional conditional-i second-person singular)
koolicit (conditional conditional-ii second-person singular)
koollët (potential second-person singular)
koolëkci (conditional conditional-i singular third-person)
koolici (conditional conditional-ii singular third-person)
koolli (potential singular third-person)
koolëkcimëk (conditional conditional-i first-person plural)
koolëkcimak (conditional conditional-i first-person plural)
koolicimëk (conditional conditional-ii first-person plural)
koolicimak (conditional conditional-ii first-person plural)
koollëmëk (first-person plural potential)
koollëmak (first-person plural potential)
koolëkcidëk (conditional conditional-i plural second-person)
koolëkcidak (conditional conditional-i plural second-person)
koolicidëk (conditional conditional-ii plural second-person)
koolicidak (conditional conditional-ii plural second-person)
koollëdëk (plural potential second-person)
koollëdak (plural potential second-person)
koolëkci (conditional conditional-i plural third-person)
koolici (conditional conditional-ii plural third-person)
koolli (plural potential third-person)
kooldakcisën (conditional conditional-i passive)
koolët'akcihën (conditional conditional-i passive)
koolticisën (conditional conditional-ii passive)
koolëtticihën (conditional conditional-ii passive)
kooltanësën (passive potential)
koolëttanëhën (passive potential)
koolëkcik (conditional conditional-i connegative)
koolicik (conditional conditional-ii connegative)
koollëk (connegative potential)
kooldakcik (conditional conditional-i connegative passive)
koolët'akcik (conditional conditional-i connegative passive)
koolticik (conditional conditional-ii connegative passive)
koolëtticik (conditional conditional-ii connegative passive)
kooltanëk (connegative passive potential)
koolëttanëk (connegative passive potential)
kooldak (conditional conditional-i infinitive infinitive-i)
koolëba (active participle present)
kooltaba (participle passive present)
koolëttapa (participle passive present)
kooltë- (conditional conditional-i infinitive infinitive-ii)
koollut (active participle past)
kooltu (participle passive past)
koolëttu (participle passive past)
koolëma (conditional conditional-i gerund supine)
koolëminen (conditional conditional-i noun-from-verb)

Estonian: koolma/koolda

Finnish: kuolla

→ Swedish: (slang) kola

→ Finnish: (slang) kolata

Karelian: kuolla

Ludian: kuolda

Veps: kolda

Võro: kuulma/kooldaq

Votic: koollõ


elädäk

elä- (stem)
elän (first-person present singular)
elein (first-person past singular)
elägon (first-person optative singular)
elät (present second-person singular)
eleit (past second-person singular)
eläk (imperative second-person singular)
elägos (optative second-person singular)
eläbi (present singular third-person)
elä (present singular third-person)
elei (past singular third-person)
elägäsen (imperative singular third-person)
elägosen (optative singular third-person)
eläkmek (first-person plural present)
eläkmäk (first-person plural present)
eleimek (first-person past plural)
eleimäk (first-person past plural)
elägätemek (first-person imperative plural)
elägätämäk (first-person imperative plural)
elägotemek (first-person optative plural)
elägotämäk (first-person optative plural)
eläktek (plural present second-person)
eläktäk (plural present second-person)
eleidek (past plural second-person)
eleidäk (past plural second-person)
elägäte (imperative plural second-person)
elägätä (imperative plural second-person)
elägot'ek (optative plural second-person)
elägotädäk (optative plural second-person)
eläbät (plural present third-person)
elä (plural present third-person)
elei (past plural third-person)
elägäsen (imperative plural third-person)
elägosen (optative plural third-person)
eläksen (passive present)
elät'äksen (passive present)
elädisen (passive past)
elättisen (passive past)
elädäkähen (imperative passive)
elättäkähen (imperative passive)
elädäkohen (optative passive)
elättäkohen (optative passive)
eläk (connegative present)
elägäk (connegative imperative)
elägok (connegative optative)
eläktäk (connegative passive present)
elädägäk (connegative imperative passive)
elättägäk (connegative imperative passive)
elädägok (connegative optative passive)
elättägok (connegative optative passive)
eläkcin (conditional conditional-i first-person singular)
eleicin (conditional conditional-ii first-person singular)
elänen (first-person potential singular)
eläkcit (conditional conditional-i second-person singular)
eleicit (conditional conditional-ii second-person singular)
elänet (potential second-person singular)
eläkci (conditional conditional-i singular third-person)
eleici (conditional conditional-ii singular third-person)
eläni (potential singular third-person)
eläkcimek (conditional conditional-i first-person plural)
eläkcimäk (conditional conditional-i first-person plural)
eleicimek (conditional conditional-ii first-person plural)
eleicimäk (conditional conditional-ii first-person plural)
elänemek (first-person plural potential)
elänemäk (first-person plural potential)
eläkcidek (conditional conditional-i plural second-person)
eläkcidäk (conditional conditional-i plural second-person)
eleicidek (conditional conditional-ii plural second-person)
eleicidäk (conditional conditional-ii plural second-person)
elänedek (plural potential second-person)
elänedäk (plural potential second-person)
eläkci (conditional conditional-i plural third-person)
eleici (conditional conditional-ii plural third-person)
eläni (plural potential third-person)
elädäkcihen (conditional conditional-i passive)
elät'äkcihen (conditional conditional-i passive)
elädicihen (conditional conditional-ii passive)
elätticihen (conditional conditional-ii passive)
elädänehen (passive potential)
elättänehen (passive potential)
eläkcik (conditional conditional-i connegative)
eleicik (conditional conditional-ii connegative)
elänek (connegative potential)
elädäkcik (conditional conditional-i connegative passive)
elät'äkcik (conditional conditional-i connegative passive)
elädicik (conditional conditional-ii connegative passive)
elätticik (conditional conditional-ii connegative passive)
elädänek (connegative passive potential)
elättänek (connegative passive potential)
elädäk (conditional conditional-i infinitive infinitive-i)
eläbä (active participle present)
elädäpä (participle passive present)
elättäpä (participle passive present)
eläde- (conditional conditional-i infinitive infinitive-ii)
elänüt (active participle past)
elädü (participle passive past)
elättü (participle passive past)
elämä (conditional conditional-i gerund supine)
eläminen (conditional conditional-i noun-from-verb)

Estonian: elama/elada

Finnish: elää

Ingrian: ellää

Karelian:

North Karelian: eliä

South Karelian: eliä

desc

Livonian: (Courland) je’llõ, (Salaca) jell

Livvi: eliä

Ludian: eläda

Veps: eläda

Võro: elämä/elläq

Votic: ellä


terveh

terveh (nominative singular)
tervehet (nominative plural)
tervehen (accusative singular)
tervehet (accusative plural)
tervehen (genitive singular)
tervehten (genitive plural)
tervehiden (genitive plural)
tervehtä (partitive singular)
tervehitä (partitive plural)
tervehessä (inessive singular)
tervehehnä (inessive singular)
tervehissä (inessive plural)
tervehihnä (inessive plural)
tervehestä (elative singular)
tervehistä (elative plural)
tervehesen (illative singular)
tervehisen (illative plural)
tervehellä (adessive singular)
tervehillä (adessive plural)
terveheltä (ablative singular)
tervehiltä (ablative plural)
tervehelen (allative singular)
tervehelek (allative singular)
tervehilen (allative plural)
tervehilek (allative plural)
tervehenä (essive singular)
tervehinä (essive plural)
terveheksi (singular translative)
tervehiksi (plural translative)
tervehen (instructive singular)
tervehin (instructive plural)
tervehenek (comitative singular)
tervehinek (comitative plural)
tervehettä (abessive singular)
tervehittä (abessive plural)

Estonian: terve, tere

Finnish: terve

Ingrian: terve, tere

Karelian: terveh

Livonian: tīera

Livvi: terveh

Ludian: terveh

Veps: terveh

Võro: terveh, terveq

Votic: terve

→ Proto-Samic:

Western Sami:

Northern Sami: dearvvaš

Eastern Sami:

Inari Sami: tiervâs

Skolt Sami: tiõrvâs

Kildin Sami: тӣрвас (tīrvas)

Ter Sami: [script needed] (tīru̯ʿs)

*tërva + *-ëh. The traditional derivation from *tërva (“tar, tarry wood”) is unlikely due to semantically weak explanation. More likely is a very old loan from Indo-Iranian, in which case it has the same origin as Avestan 𐬛𐬆𐬭𐬆𐬎𐬎𐬁 (dərəuuā, “healthy”).


antadak

anta- (stem)
andan (first-person present singular)
andoin (first-person past singular)
antagon (first-person optative singular)
andat (present second-person singular)
andoit (past second-person singular)
andak (imperative second-person singular)
antagos (optative second-person singular)
antabi (present singular third-person)
anta (present singular third-person)
antoi (past singular third-person)
antagasën (imperative singular third-person)
antagosën (optative singular third-person)
andakmëk (first-person plural present)
andakmak (first-person plural present)
antoimëk (first-person past plural)
antoimak (first-person past plural)
antagatëmëk (first-person imperative plural)
antagatamak (first-person imperative plural)
antagotëmëk (first-person optative plural)
antagotamak (first-person optative plural)
andaktëk (plural present second-person)
andaktak (plural present second-person)
antoidëk (past plural second-person)
antoidak (past plural second-person)
antagatë (imperative plural second-person)
antagata (imperative plural second-person)
antagot'ëk (optative plural second-person)
antagotadak (optative plural second-person)
antabat (plural present third-person)
anta (plural present third-person)
antoi (past plural third-person)
antagasën (imperative plural third-person)
antagosën (optative plural third-person)
andaksën (passive present)
andat'aksën (passive present)
antadisën (passive past)
andattisën (passive past)
antadakahën (imperative passive)
andattakahën (imperative passive)
antadakohën (optative passive)
andattakohën (optative passive)
andak (connegative present)
antagak (connegative imperative)
antagok (connegative optative)
andaktak (connegative passive present)
antadagak (connegative imperative passive)
andattagak (connegative imperative passive)
antadagok (connegative optative passive)
andattagok (connegative optative passive)
andakcin (conditional conditional-i first-person singular)
antoicin (conditional conditional-ii first-person singular)
antanën (first-person potential singular)
andakcit (conditional conditional-i second-person singular)
antoicit (conditional conditional-ii second-person singular)
antanët (potential second-person singular)
andakci (conditional conditional-i singular third-person)
antoici (conditional conditional-ii singular third-person)
antani (potential singular third-person)
andakcimëk (conditional conditional-i first-person plural)
andakcimak (conditional conditional-i first-person plural)
antoicimëk (conditional conditional-ii first-person plural)
antoicimak (conditional conditional-ii first-person plural)
antanëmëk (first-person plural potential)
antanëmak (first-person plural potential)
andakcidëk (conditional conditional-i plural second-person)
andakcidak (conditional conditional-i plural second-person)
antoicidëk (conditional conditional-ii plural second-person)
antoicidak (conditional conditional-ii plural second-person)
antanëdëk (plural potential second-person)
antanëdak (plural potential second-person)
andakci (conditional conditional-i plural third-person)
antoici (conditional conditional-ii plural third-person)
antani (plural potential third-person)
antadakcihën (conditional conditional-i passive)
andat'akcihën (conditional conditional-i passive)
antadicihën (conditional conditional-ii passive)
andatticihën (conditional conditional-ii passive)
antadanëhën (passive potential)
andattanëhën (passive potential)
andakcik (conditional conditional-i connegative)
antoicik (conditional conditional-ii connegative)
antanëk (connegative potential)
antadakcik (conditional conditional-i connegative passive)
andat'akcik (conditional conditional-i connegative passive)
antadicik (conditional conditional-ii connegative passive)
andatticik (conditional conditional-ii connegative passive)
antadanëk (connegative passive potential)
andattanëk (connegative passive potential)
antadak (conditional conditional-i infinitive infinitive-i)
antaba (active participle present)
antadapa (participle passive present)
andattapa (participle passive present)
antadë- (conditional conditional-i infinitive infinitive-ii)
antanut (active participle past)
antadu (participle passive past)
andattu (participle passive past)
antama (conditional conditional-i gerund supine)
antaminen (conditional conditional-i noun-from-verb)

Estonian: andma/anda

Finnish: antaa

Ingrian: antaa

Karelian:

North Karelian: antua

South Karelian: andua

Livonian: (Courland) andõ, (Salaca) and

Livvi: andua

Ludian: anta

Veps: antta

Võro: andma/andaq

Votic: anta


lentädäk

lentä- (stem)
lendän (first-person present singular)
lendein (first-person past singular)
lentägon (first-person optative singular)
lendät (present second-person singular)
lendeit (past second-person singular)
lendäk (imperative second-person singular)
lentägos (optative second-person singular)
lentäbi (present singular third-person)
lentä (present singular third-person)
lentei (past singular third-person)
lentägäsen (imperative singular third-person)
lentägosen (optative singular third-person)
lendäkmek (first-person plural present)
lendäkmäk (first-person plural present)
lenteimek (first-person past plural)
lenteimäk (first-person past plural)
lentägätemek (first-person imperative plural)
lentägätämäk (first-person imperative plural)
lentägotemek (first-person optative plural)
lentägotämäk (first-person optative plural)
lendäktek (plural present second-person)
lendäktäk (plural present second-person)
lenteidek (past plural second-person)
lenteidäk (past plural second-person)
lentägäte (imperative plural second-person)
lentägätä (imperative plural second-person)
lentägot'ek (optative plural second-person)
lentägotädäk (optative plural second-person)
lentäbät (plural present third-person)
lentä (plural present third-person)
lentei (past plural third-person)
lentägäsen (imperative plural third-person)
lentägosen (optative plural third-person)
lendäksen (passive present)
lendät'äksen (passive present)
lentädisen (passive past)
lendättisen (passive past)
lentädäkähen (imperative passive)
lendättäkähen (imperative passive)
lentädäkohen (optative passive)
lendättäkohen (optative passive)
lendäk (connegative present)
lentägäk (connegative imperative)
lentägok (connegative optative)
lendäktäk (connegative passive present)
lentädägäk (connegative imperative passive)
lendättägäk (connegative imperative passive)
lentädägok (connegative optative passive)
lendättägok (connegative optative passive)
lendäkcin (conditional conditional-i first-person singular)
lenteicin (conditional conditional-ii first-person singular)
lentänen (first-person potential singular)
lendäkcit (conditional conditional-i second-person singular)
lenteicit (conditional conditional-ii second-person singular)
lentänet (potential second-person singular)
lendäkci (conditional conditional-i singular third-person)
lenteici (conditional conditional-ii singular third-person)
lentäni (potential singular third-person)
lendäkcimek (conditional conditional-i first-person plural)
lendäkcimäk (conditional conditional-i first-person plural)
lenteicimek (conditional conditional-ii first-person plural)
lenteicimäk (conditional conditional-ii first-person plural)
lentänemek (first-person plural potential)
lentänemäk (first-person plural potential)
lendäkcidek (conditional conditional-i plural second-person)
lendäkcidäk (conditional conditional-i plural second-person)
lenteicidek (conditional conditional-ii plural second-person)
lenteicidäk (conditional conditional-ii plural second-person)
lentänedek (plural potential second-person)
lentänedäk (plural potential second-person)
lendäkci (conditional conditional-i plural third-person)
lenteici (conditional conditional-ii plural third-person)
lentäni (plural potential third-person)
lentädäkcihen (conditional conditional-i passive)
lendät'äkcihen (conditional conditional-i passive)
lentädicihen (conditional conditional-ii passive)
lendätticihen (conditional conditional-ii passive)
lentädänehen (passive potential)
lendättänehen (passive potential)
lendäkcik (conditional conditional-i connegative)
lenteicik (conditional conditional-ii connegative)
lentänek (connegative potential)
lentädäkcik (conditional conditional-i connegative passive)
lendät'äkcik (conditional conditional-i connegative passive)
lentädicik (conditional conditional-ii connegative passive)
lendätticik (conditional conditional-ii connegative passive)
lentädänek (connegative passive potential)
lendättänek (connegative passive potential)
lentädäk (conditional conditional-i infinitive infinitive-i)
lentäbä (active participle present)
lentädäpä (participle passive present)
lendättäpä (participle passive present)
lentäde- (conditional conditional-i infinitive infinitive-ii)
lentänüt (active participle past)
lentädü (participle passive past)
lendättü (participle passive past)
lentämä (conditional conditional-i gerund supine)
lentäminen (conditional conditional-i noun-from-verb)

Estonian: lendama/lennata

Finnish: lentää

→ Northern Sami: leandit (“to rush”)

Ingrian: lentää

Karelian: lenteä

Livonian: lindõ, (Salaca) lind

Ludian: leta

Veps: leta

Võro: lindama/linnadaq

Votic: lentä


saadak

saa- (stem)
saan (first-person present singular)
sain (first-person past singular)
saagon (first-person optative singular)
saat (present second-person singular)
sait (past second-person singular)
saak (imperative second-person singular)
saagos (optative second-person singular)
saapi (present singular third-person)
saa (present singular third-person)
sai (past singular third-person)
saakahën (imperative singular third-person)
saakohën (optative singular third-person)
saakmëk (first-person plural present)
saakmak (first-person plural present)
saimëk (first-person past plural)
saimak (first-person past plural)
saakadëmëk (first-person imperative plural)
saakadamak (first-person imperative plural)
saakodëmëk (first-person optative plural)
saakodamak (first-person optative plural)
saaktëk (plural present second-person)
saaktak (plural present second-person)
saidëk (past plural second-person)
saidak (past plural second-person)
saakadë (imperative plural second-person)
saakada (imperative plural second-person)
saagot'ëk (optative plural second-person)
saakodadak (optative plural second-person)
saabat (plural present third-person)
saa (plural present third-person)
sai (past plural third-person)
saakahën (imperative plural third-person)
saakohën (optative plural third-person)
saaksën (passive present)
saat'aksën (passive present)
saatihën (passive past)
saattihën (passive past)
saatagasën (imperative passive)
saattagasën (imperative passive)
saatagosën (optative passive)
saattagosën (optative passive)
saak (connegative present)
saagak (connegative imperative)
saagok (connegative optative)
saaktak (connegative passive present)
saatagak (connegative imperative passive)
saattagak (connegative imperative passive)
saatagok (connegative optative passive)
saattagok (connegative optative passive)
saakcin (conditional conditional-i first-person singular)
saicin (conditional conditional-ii first-person singular)
saanën (first-person potential singular)
saakcit (conditional conditional-i second-person singular)
saicit (conditional conditional-ii second-person singular)
saanët (potential second-person singular)
saakci (conditional conditional-i singular third-person)
saici (conditional conditional-ii singular third-person)
saani (potential singular third-person)
saakcimëk (conditional conditional-i first-person plural)
saakcimak (conditional conditional-i first-person plural)
saicimëk (conditional conditional-ii first-person plural)
saicimak (conditional conditional-ii first-person plural)
saanëmëk (first-person plural potential)
saanëmak (first-person plural potential)
saakcidëk (conditional conditional-i plural second-person)
saakcidak (conditional conditional-i plural second-person)
saicidëk (conditional conditional-ii plural second-person)
saicidak (conditional conditional-ii plural second-person)
saanëdëk (plural potential second-person)
saanëdak (plural potential second-person)
saakci (conditional conditional-i plural third-person)
saici (conditional conditional-ii plural third-person)
saani (plural potential third-person)
saadakcisën (conditional conditional-i passive)
saat'akcisën (conditional conditional-i passive)
saaticisën (conditional conditional-ii passive)
saatticisën (conditional conditional-ii passive)
saatanësën (passive potential)
saattanësën (passive potential)
saakcik (conditional conditional-i connegative)
saicik (conditional conditional-ii connegative)
saanëk (connegative potential)
saadakcik (conditional conditional-i connegative passive)
saat'akcik (conditional conditional-i connegative passive)
saaticik (conditional conditional-ii connegative passive)
saatticik (conditional conditional-ii connegative passive)
saatanëk (connegative passive potential)
saattanëk (connegative passive potential)
saadak (conditional conditional-i infinitive infinitive-i)
saapa (active participle present)
saataba (participle passive present)
saattaba (participle passive present)
saatë- (conditional conditional-i infinitive infinitive-ii)
saanut (active participle past)
saatu (participle passive past)
saattu (participle passive past)
saama (conditional conditional-i gerund supine)
saaminen (conditional conditional-i noun-from-verb)

Estonian: saama/saada

Finnish: saada

Ingrian: saavva

Karelian: šuaha

Livonian: sōdõ

Livvi: suaha

Ludian: suada

Veps: sada

Võro: saama/saiaq

Votic: saavvõ


pandak

panë- (stem)
panën (first-person present singular)
panin (first-person past singular)
pangon (first-person optative singular)
panët (present second-person singular)
panit (past second-person singular)
panëk (imperative second-person singular)
pangos (optative second-person singular)
panëbi (present singular third-person)
pani (present singular third-person)
pani (past singular third-person)
pankahën (imperative singular third-person)
pankohën (optative singular third-person)
panëkmëk (first-person plural present)
panëkmak (first-person plural present)
panimëk (first-person past plural)
panimak (first-person past plural)
pankadëmëk (first-person imperative plural)
pankadamak (first-person imperative plural)
pankodëmëk (first-person optative plural)
pankodamak (first-person optative plural)
panëktëk (plural present second-person)
panëktak (plural present second-person)
panidëk (past plural second-person)
panidak (past plural second-person)
pankadë (imperative plural second-person)
pankada (imperative plural second-person)
pangot'ëk (optative plural second-person)
pankodadak (optative plural second-person)
panëbat (plural present third-person)
pani (plural present third-person)
pani (past plural third-person)
pankahën (imperative plural third-person)
pankohën (optative plural third-person)
panëksën (passive present)
panët'aksën (passive present)
pantihën (passive past)
panëttisën (passive past)
pantagasën (imperative passive)
panëttakahën (imperative passive)
pantagosën (optative passive)
panëttakohën (optative passive)
panëk (connegative present)
pangak (connegative imperative)
pangok (connegative optative)
panëktak (connegative passive present)
pantagak (connegative imperative passive)
panëttagak (connegative imperative passive)
pantagok (connegative optative passive)
panëttagok (connegative optative passive)
panëkcin (conditional conditional-i first-person singular)
panicin (conditional conditional-ii first-person singular)
pannën (first-person potential singular)
panëkcit (conditional conditional-i second-person singular)
panicit (conditional conditional-ii second-person singular)
pannët (potential second-person singular)
panëkci (conditional conditional-i singular third-person)
panici (conditional conditional-ii singular third-person)
panni (potential singular third-person)
panëkcimëk (conditional conditional-i first-person plural)
panëkcimak (conditional conditional-i first-person plural)
panicimëk (conditional conditional-ii first-person plural)
panicimak (conditional conditional-ii first-person plural)
pannëmëk (first-person plural potential)
pannëmak (first-person plural potential)
panëkcidëk (conditional conditional-i plural second-person)
panëkcidak (conditional conditional-i plural second-person)
panicidëk (conditional conditional-ii plural second-person)
panicidak (conditional conditional-ii plural second-person)
pannëdëk (plural potential second-person)
pannëdak (plural potential second-person)
panëkci (conditional conditional-i plural third-person)
panici (conditional conditional-ii plural third-person)
panni (plural potential third-person)
pandakcisën (conditional conditional-i passive)
panët'akcihën (conditional conditional-i passive)
panticisën (conditional conditional-ii passive)
panëtticihën (conditional conditional-ii passive)
pantanësën (passive potential)
panëttanëhën (passive potential)
panëkcik (conditional conditional-i connegative)
panicik (conditional conditional-ii connegative)
pannëk (connegative potential)
pandakcik (conditional conditional-i connegative passive)
panët'akcik (conditional conditional-i connegative passive)
panticik (conditional conditional-ii connegative passive)
panëtticik (conditional conditional-ii connegative passive)
pantanëk (connegative passive potential)
panëttanëk (connegative passive potential)
pandak (conditional conditional-i infinitive infinitive-i)
panëba (active participle present)
pantaba (participle passive present)
panëttapa (participle passive present)
pantë- (conditional conditional-i infinitive infinitive-ii)
pannut (active participle past)
pantu (participle passive past)
panëttu (participle passive past)
panëma (conditional conditional-i gerund supine)
panëminen (conditional conditional-i noun-from-verb)

Estonian: panema/panna

Finnish: panna

Ingrian: panna

Karelian: panna

Livonian: pānda

Veps: panda

Võro: pandma/pandaq

Votic: pannõ

From Proto-Uralic *pane-. The development is slightly irregular in that a regular sound change was skipped, otherwise the result would have been **poonë-, but still *pandak, which was levelled (note however *keerdäk in which the development occurred as usual).


leütädäk

leütä- (stem)
leüdän (first-person present singular)
leüdein (first-person past singular)
leütägon (first-person optative singular)
leüdät (present second-person singular)
leüdeit (past second-person singular)
leüdäk (imperative second-person singular)
leütägos (optative second-person singular)
leütäbi (present singular third-person)
leütä (present singular third-person)
leütei (past singular third-person)
leütägäsen (imperative singular third-person)
leütägosen (optative singular third-person)
leüdäkmek (first-person plural present)
leüdäkmäk (first-person plural present)
leüteimek (first-person past plural)
leüteimäk (first-person past plural)
leütägätemek (first-person imperative plural)
leütägätämäk (first-person imperative plural)
leütägotemek (first-person optative plural)
leütägotämäk (first-person optative plural)
leüdäktek (plural present second-person)
leüdäktäk (plural present second-person)
leüteidek (past plural second-person)
leüteidäk (past plural second-person)
leütägäte (imperative plural second-person)
leütägätä (imperative plural second-person)
leütägot'ek (optative plural second-person)
leütägotädäk (optative plural second-person)
leütäbät (plural present third-person)
leütä (plural present third-person)
leütei (past plural third-person)
leütägäsen (imperative plural third-person)
leütägosen (optative plural third-person)
leüdäksen (passive present)
leüdät'äksen (passive present)
leütädisen (passive past)
leüdättisen (passive past)
leütädäkähen (imperative passive)
leüdättäkähen (imperative passive)
leütädäkohen (optative passive)
leüdättäkohen (optative passive)
leüdäk (connegative present)
leütägäk (connegative imperative)
leütägok (connegative optative)
leüdäktäk (connegative passive present)
leütädägäk (connegative imperative passive)
leüdättägäk (connegative imperative passive)
leütädägok (connegative optative passive)
leüdättägok (connegative optative passive)
leüdäkcin (conditional conditional-i first-person singular)
leüteicin (conditional conditional-ii first-person singular)
leütänen (first-person potential singular)
leüdäkcit (conditional conditional-i second-person singular)
leüteicit (conditional conditional-ii second-person singular)
leütänet (potential second-person singular)
leüdäkci (conditional conditional-i singular third-person)
leüteici (conditional conditional-ii singular third-person)
leütäni (potential singular third-person)
leüdäkcimek (conditional conditional-i first-person plural)
leüdäkcimäk (conditional conditional-i first-person plural)
leüteicimek (conditional conditional-ii first-person plural)
leüteicimäk (conditional conditional-ii first-person plural)
leütänemek (first-person plural potential)
leütänemäk (first-person plural potential)
leüdäkcidek (conditional conditional-i plural second-person)
leüdäkcidäk (conditional conditional-i plural second-person)
leüteicidek (conditional conditional-ii plural second-person)
leüteicidäk (conditional conditional-ii plural second-person)
leütänedek (plural potential second-person)
leütänedäk (plural potential second-person)
leüdäkci (conditional conditional-i plural third-person)
leüteici (conditional conditional-ii plural third-person)
leütäni (plural potential third-person)
leütädäkcihen (conditional conditional-i passive)
leüdät'äkcihen (conditional conditional-i passive)
leütädicihen (conditional conditional-ii passive)
leüdätticihen (conditional conditional-ii passive)
leütädänehen (passive potential)
leüdättänehen (passive potential)
leüdäkcik (conditional conditional-i connegative)
leüteicik (conditional conditional-ii connegative)
leütänek (connegative potential)
leütädäkcik (conditional conditional-i connegative passive)
leüdät'äkcik (conditional conditional-i connegative passive)
leütädicik (conditional conditional-ii connegative passive)
leüdätticik (conditional conditional-ii connegative passive)
leütädänek (connegative passive potential)
leüdättänek (connegative passive potential)
leütädäk (conditional conditional-i infinitive infinitive-i)
leütäbä (active participle present)
leütädäpä (participle passive present)
leüdättäpä (participle passive present)
leütäde- (conditional conditional-i infinitive infinitive-ii)
leütänüt (active participle past)
leütädü (participle passive past)
leüdättü (participle passive past)
leütämä (conditional conditional-i gerund supine)
leütäminen (conditional conditional-i noun-from-verb)

Estonian: leidma/leida

Finnish: löytää

Ingrian: löytää

Karelian: löyteä, löudeä

Livonian: lievd

Livvi: l'öydiä

Ludian: löütä

Veps: löuta, lüuta

Võro: löüdmä/löüdäq

Votic: leütä

Possibly borrowed from Proto-Germanic *hleutaną (“to obtain, acquire”), or already from earlier Northwest Indo-European *kleuda-. As also in e.g. *keühä and *peütä, adherence to vowel harmony indicates an early date of loaning.
The word has earlier been compared with Hungarian lel (“to find”), and their common ancestor could be reconstructed as *lewdä-. However, an absense of cognates in all other Uralic languages leaves this etymology less certain.


pestäk

pese- (stem)
pesen (first-person present singular)
pesin (first-person past singular)
peskon (first-person optative singular)
peset (present second-person singular)
pesit (past second-person singular)
pesek (imperative second-person singular)
peskos (optative second-person singular)
pesebi (present singular third-person)
pesi (present singular third-person)
pesi (past singular third-person)
peskähen (imperative singular third-person)
peskohen (optative singular third-person)
pesekmek (first-person plural present)
pesekmäk (first-person plural present)
pesimek (first-person past plural)
pesimäk (first-person past plural)
peskädemek (first-person imperative plural)
peskädämäk (first-person imperative plural)
peskodemek (first-person optative plural)
peskodämäk (first-person optative plural)
pesektek (plural present second-person)
pesektäk (plural present second-person)
pesidek (past plural second-person)
pesidäk (past plural second-person)
peskäde (imperative plural second-person)
peskädä (imperative plural second-person)
peskot'ek (optative plural second-person)
peskodädäk (optative plural second-person)
pesebät (plural present third-person)
pesi (plural present third-person)
pesi (past plural third-person)
peskähen (imperative plural third-person)
peskohen (optative plural third-person)
peseksen (passive present)
peset'äksen (passive present)
pestihen (passive past)
pesettisen (passive past)
pestägäsen (imperative passive)
pesettäkähen (imperative passive)
pestägosen (optative passive)
pesettäkohen (optative passive)
pesek (connegative present)
peskäk (connegative imperative)
peskok (connegative optative)
pesektäk (connegative passive present)
pestägäk (connegative imperative passive)
pesettägäk (connegative imperative passive)
pestägok (connegative optative passive)
pesettägok (connegative optative passive)
pesekcin (conditional conditional-i first-person singular)
pesicin (conditional conditional-ii first-person singular)
pessen (first-person potential singular)
pesekcit (conditional conditional-i second-person singular)
pesicit (conditional conditional-ii second-person singular)
pesset (potential second-person singular)
pesekci (conditional conditional-i singular third-person)
pesici (conditional conditional-ii singular third-person)
pessi (potential singular third-person)
pesekcimek (conditional conditional-i first-person plural)
pesekcimäk (conditional conditional-i first-person plural)
pesicimek (conditional conditional-ii first-person plural)
pesicimäk (conditional conditional-ii first-person plural)
pessemek (first-person plural potential)
pessemäk (first-person plural potential)
pesekcidek (conditional conditional-i plural second-person)
pesekcidäk (conditional conditional-i plural second-person)
pesicidek (conditional conditional-ii plural second-person)
pesicidäk (conditional conditional-ii plural second-person)
pessedek (plural potential second-person)
pessedäk (plural potential second-person)
pesekci (conditional conditional-i plural third-person)
pesici (conditional conditional-ii plural third-person)
pessi (plural potential third-person)
pestäkcisen (conditional conditional-i passive)
peset'äkcihen (conditional conditional-i passive)
pesticisen (conditional conditional-ii passive)
pesetticihen (conditional conditional-ii passive)
pestänesen (passive potential)
pesettänehen (passive potential)
pesekcik (conditional conditional-i connegative)
pesicik (conditional conditional-ii connegative)
pessek (connegative potential)
pestäkcik (conditional conditional-i connegative passive)
peset'äkcik (conditional conditional-i connegative passive)
pesticik (conditional conditional-ii connegative passive)
pesetticik (conditional conditional-ii connegative passive)
pestänek (connegative passive potential)
pesettänek (connegative passive potential)
pestäk (conditional conditional-i infinitive infinitive-i)
pesebä (active participle present)
pestäbä (participle passive present)
pesettäpä (participle passive present)
peste- (conditional conditional-i infinitive infinitive-ii)
pessüt (active participle past)
pestü (participle passive past)
pesettü (participle passive past)
pesemä (conditional conditional-i gerund supine)
peseminen (conditional conditional-i noun-from-verb)

Estonian: pesema/pesta

Finnish: pestä

Ingrian: pessä

Karelian:

North Karelian: peššä

South Karelian: peššä

Livonian: pie’zzõ, (Salaca) piezz

Livvi: pestä

Ludian: pestä

Veps: pesta

Votic: pesä

From Proto-Finno-Permic *pese-, possibly an old loanword from Proto-Indo-European *bʰes- (“to rub”).


koskëdak

koskë- (stem)
koskën (first-person present singular)
koskin (first-person past singular)
koskëgon (first-person optative singular)
koskët (present second-person singular)
koskit (past second-person singular)
koskëk (imperative second-person singular)
koskëgos (optative second-person singular)
koskëbi (present singular third-person)
koski (present singular third-person)
koski (past singular third-person)
koskëgasën (imperative singular third-person)
koskëgosën (optative singular third-person)
koskëkmëk (first-person plural present)
koskëkmak (first-person plural present)
koskimëk (first-person past plural)
koskimak (first-person past plural)
koskëgatëmëk (first-person imperative plural)
koskëgatamak (first-person imperative plural)
koskëgotëmëk (first-person optative plural)
koskëgotamak (first-person optative plural)
koskëktëk (plural present second-person)
koskëktak (plural present second-person)
koskidëk (past plural second-person)
koskidak (past plural second-person)
koskëgatë (imperative plural second-person)
koskëgata (imperative plural second-person)
koskëgot'ëk (optative plural second-person)
koskëgotadak (optative plural second-person)
koskëbat (plural present third-person)
koski (plural present third-person)
koski (past plural third-person)
koskëgasën (imperative plural third-person)
koskëgosën (optative plural third-person)
koskëksën (passive present)
koskët'aksën (passive present)
koskëdisën (passive past)
koskëttisën (passive past)
koskëdakahën (imperative passive)
koskëttakahën (imperative passive)
koskëdakohën (optative passive)
koskëttakohën (optative passive)
koskëk (connegative present)
koskëgak (connegative imperative)
koskëgok (connegative optative)
koskëktak (connegative passive present)
koskëdagak (connegative imperative passive)
koskëttagak (connegative imperative passive)
koskëdagok (connegative optative passive)
koskëttagok (connegative optative passive)
koskëkcin (conditional conditional-i first-person singular)
koskicin (conditional conditional-ii first-person singular)
koskënën (first-person potential singular)
koskëkcit (conditional conditional-i second-person singular)
koskicit (conditional conditional-ii second-person singular)
koskënët (potential second-person singular)
koskëkci (conditional conditional-i singular third-person)
koskici (conditional conditional-ii singular third-person)
koskëni (potential singular third-person)
koskëkcimëk (conditional conditional-i first-person plural)
koskëkcimak (conditional conditional-i first-person plural)
koskicimëk (conditional conditional-ii first-person plural)
koskicimak (conditional conditional-ii first-person plural)
koskënëmëk (first-person plural potential)
koskënëmak (first-person plural potential)
koskëkcidëk (conditional conditional-i plural second-person)
koskëkcidak (conditional conditional-i plural second-person)
koskicidëk (conditional conditional-ii plural second-person)
koskicidak (conditional conditional-ii plural second-person)
koskënëdëk (plural potential second-person)
koskënëdak (plural potential second-person)
koskëkci (conditional conditional-i plural third-person)
koskici (conditional conditional-ii plural third-person)
koskëni (plural potential third-person)
koskëdakcihën (conditional conditional-i passive)
koskët'akcihën (conditional conditional-i passive)
koskëdicihën (conditional conditional-ii passive)
koskëtticihën (conditional conditional-ii passive)
koskëdanëhën (passive potential)
koskëttanëhën (passive potential)
koskëkcik (conditional conditional-i connegative)
koskicik (conditional conditional-ii connegative)
koskënëk (connegative potential)
koskëdakcik (conditional conditional-i connegative passive)
koskët'akcik (conditional conditional-i connegative passive)
koskëdicik (conditional conditional-ii connegative passive)
koskëtticik (conditional conditional-ii connegative passive)
koskëdanëk (connegative passive potential)
koskëttanëk (connegative passive potential)
koskëdak (conditional conditional-i infinitive infinitive-i)
koskëba (active participle present)
koskëdapa (participle passive present)
koskëttapa (participle passive present)
koskëdë- (conditional conditional-i infinitive infinitive-ii)
koskënut (active participle past)
koskëdu (participle passive past)
koskëttu (participle passive past)
koskëma (conditional conditional-i gerund supine)
koskëminen (conditional conditional-i noun-from-verb)

Finnish: koskea

Ingrian: koskia

Karelian: koškie, koskie

Livvi: koskie

Ludian: koskeda

Veps: koskta

Akin to Proto-Samic *kuoskëtēk (“to touch”), probably also Komi косны (kosny, “(of boat) to touch the bottom”) (suggesting Proto-Finno-Permic *koske-, if inherited). Proto-Samic *kuosŋëtēk may also be related in some fashion, though the correspondence *sk ~ *sŋ is irregular.

(Northern Finnic) to touch, to be touching


ostadak

osta- (stem)
ostan (first-person present singular)
ostëin (first-person past singular)
ostagon (first-person optative singular)
ostat (present second-person singular)
ostëit (past second-person singular)
ostak (imperative second-person singular)
ostagos (optative second-person singular)
ostabi (present singular third-person)
osta (present singular third-person)
ostëi (past singular third-person)
ostagasën (imperative singular third-person)
ostagosën (optative singular third-person)
ostakmëk (first-person plural present)
ostakmak (first-person plural present)
ostëimëk (first-person past plural)
ostëimak (first-person past plural)
ostagatëmëk (first-person imperative plural)
ostagatamak (first-person imperative plural)
ostagotëmëk (first-person optative plural)
ostagotamak (first-person optative plural)
ostaktëk (plural present second-person)
ostaktak (plural present second-person)
ostëidëk (past plural second-person)
ostëidak (past plural second-person)
ostagatë (imperative plural second-person)
ostagata (imperative plural second-person)
ostagot'ëk (optative plural second-person)
ostagotadak (optative plural second-person)
ostabat (plural present third-person)
osta (plural present third-person)
ostëi (past plural third-person)
ostagasën (imperative plural third-person)
ostagosën (optative plural third-person)
ostaksën (passive present)
ostat'aksën (passive present)
ostadisën (passive past)
ostattisën (passive past)
ostadakahën (imperative passive)
ostattakahën (imperative passive)
ostadakohën (optative passive)
ostattakohën (optative passive)
ostak (connegative present)
ostagak (connegative imperative)
ostagok (connegative optative)
ostaktak (connegative passive present)
ostadagak (connegative imperative passive)
ostattagak (connegative imperative passive)
ostadagok (connegative optative passive)
ostattagok (connegative optative passive)
ostakcin (conditional conditional-i first-person singular)
ostëicin (conditional conditional-ii first-person singular)
ostanën (first-person potential singular)
ostakcit (conditional conditional-i second-person singular)
ostëicit (conditional conditional-ii second-person singular)
ostanët (potential second-person singular)
ostakci (conditional conditional-i singular third-person)
ostëici (conditional conditional-ii singular third-person)
ostani (potential singular third-person)
ostakcimëk (conditional conditional-i first-person plural)
ostakcimak (conditional conditional-i first-person plural)
ostëicimëk (conditional conditional-ii first-person plural)
ostëicimak (conditional conditional-ii first-person plural)
ostanëmëk (first-person plural potential)
ostanëmak (first-person plural potential)
ostakcidëk (conditional conditional-i plural second-person)
ostakcidak (conditional conditional-i plural second-person)
ostëicidëk (conditional conditional-ii plural second-person)
ostëicidak (conditional conditional-ii plural second-person)
ostanëdëk (plural potential second-person)
ostanëdak (plural potential second-person)
ostakci (conditional conditional-i plural third-person)
ostëici (conditional conditional-ii plural third-person)
ostani (plural potential third-person)
ostadakcihën (conditional conditional-i passive)
ostat'akcihën (conditional conditional-i passive)
ostadicihën (conditional conditional-ii passive)
ostatticihën (conditional conditional-ii passive)
ostadanëhën (passive potential)
ostattanëhën (passive potential)
ostakcik (conditional conditional-i connegative)
ostëicik (conditional conditional-ii connegative)
ostanëk (connegative potential)
ostadakcik (conditional conditional-i connegative passive)
ostat'akcik (conditional conditional-i connegative passive)
ostadicik (conditional conditional-ii connegative passive)
ostatticik (conditional conditional-ii connegative passive)
ostadanëk (connegative passive potential)
ostattanëk (connegative passive potential)
ostadak (conditional conditional-i infinitive infinitive-i)
ostaba (active participle present)
ostadapa (participle passive present)
ostattapa (participle passive present)
ostadë- (conditional conditional-i infinitive infinitive-ii)
ostanut (active participle past)
ostadu (participle passive past)
ostattu (participle passive past)
ostama (conditional conditional-i gerund supine)
ostaminen (conditional conditional-i noun-from-verb)

Estonian: ostma/osta

Finnish: ostaa

Ingrian: ostaa

Karelian:

North Karelian: oštua

South Karelian: oštua

Livonian: vȯstõ

Livvi: ostua

Ludian: ostada

Veps: ostta

Võro: ostma/ostaq

Votic: õssa

→? Proto-Samic: *oastētēk (see there for further descendants)

From *wosta-, derived with *-ta- from Proto-Finno-Ugric *wosa, probably an old loanword from Proto-Indo-European *wes-, *wos-.


pitädäk

pitä- (stem)
pidän (first-person present singular)
pidein (first-person past singular)
pitägon (first-person optative singular)
pidät (present second-person singular)
pideit (past second-person singular)
pidäk (imperative second-person singular)
pitägos (optative second-person singular)
pitäbi (present singular third-person)
pitä (present singular third-person)
pitei (past singular third-person)
pitägäsen (imperative singular third-person)
pitägosen (optative singular third-person)
pidäkmek (first-person plural present)
pidäkmäk (first-person plural present)
piteimek (first-person past plural)
piteimäk (first-person past plural)
pitägätemek (first-person imperative plural)
pitägätämäk (first-person imperative plural)
pitägotemek (first-person optative plural)
pitägotämäk (first-person optative plural)
pidäktek (plural present second-person)
pidäktäk (plural present second-person)
piteidek (past plural second-person)
piteidäk (past plural second-person)
pitägäte (imperative plural second-person)
pitägätä (imperative plural second-person)
pitägot'ek (optative plural second-person)
pitägotädäk (optative plural second-person)
pitäbät (plural present third-person)
pitä (plural present third-person)
pitei (past plural third-person)
pitägäsen (imperative plural third-person)
pitägosen (optative plural third-person)
pidäksen (passive present)
pidät'äksen (passive present)
pitädisen (passive past)
pidättisen (passive past)
pitädäkähen (imperative passive)
pidättäkähen (imperative passive)
pitädäkohen (optative passive)
pidättäkohen (optative passive)
pidäk (connegative present)
pitägäk (connegative imperative)
pitägok (connegative optative)
pidäktäk (connegative passive present)
pitädägäk (connegative imperative passive)
pidättägäk (connegative imperative passive)
pitädägok (connegative optative passive)
pidättägok (connegative optative passive)
pidäkcin (conditional conditional-i first-person singular)
piteicin (conditional conditional-ii first-person singular)
pitänen (first-person potential singular)
pidäkcit (conditional conditional-i second-person singular)
piteicit (conditional conditional-ii second-person singular)
pitänet (potential second-person singular)
pidäkci (conditional conditional-i singular third-person)
piteici (conditional conditional-ii singular third-person)
pitäni (potential singular third-person)
pidäkcimek (conditional conditional-i first-person plural)
pidäkcimäk (conditional conditional-i first-person plural)
piteicimek (conditional conditional-ii first-person plural)
piteicimäk (conditional conditional-ii first-person plural)
pitänemek (first-person plural potential)
pitänemäk (first-person plural potential)
pidäkcidek (conditional conditional-i plural second-person)
pidäkcidäk (conditional conditional-i plural second-person)
piteicidek (conditional conditional-ii plural second-person)
piteicidäk (conditional conditional-ii plural second-person)
pitänedek (plural potential second-person)
pitänedäk (plural potential second-person)
pidäkci (conditional conditional-i plural third-person)
piteici (conditional conditional-ii plural third-person)
pitäni (plural potential third-person)
pitädäkcihen (conditional conditional-i passive)
pidät'äkcihen (conditional conditional-i passive)
pitädicihen (conditional conditional-ii passive)
pidätticihen (conditional conditional-ii passive)
pitädänehen (passive potential)
pidättänehen (passive potential)
pidäkcik (conditional conditional-i connegative)
piteicik (conditional conditional-ii connegative)
pitänek (connegative potential)
pitädäkcik (conditional conditional-i connegative passive)
pidät'äkcik (conditional conditional-i connegative passive)
pitädicik (conditional conditional-ii connegative passive)
pidätticik (conditional conditional-ii connegative passive)
pitädänek (connegative passive potential)
pidättänek (connegative passive potential)
pitädäk (conditional conditional-i infinitive infinitive-i)
pitäbä (active participle present)
pitädäpä (participle passive present)
pidättäpä (participle passive present)
pitäde- (conditional conditional-i infinitive infinitive-ii)
pitänüt (active participle past)
pitädü (participle passive past)
pidättü (participle passive past)
pitämä (conditional conditional-i gerund supine)
pitäminen (conditional conditional-i noun-from-verb)

Estonian: pidama/pidada

Finnish: pitää

Ingrian: pittää

Karelian: pityä

Livonian: pidd

Ludian: pidada

Veps: pidäda

Võro: pidämä/pitäq

Votic: pittä


lukëdak

lukë- (stem)
lugën (first-person present singular)
lugin (first-person past singular)
luk'on (first-person optative singular)
lugët (present second-person singular)
lugit (past second-person singular)
lugëk (imperative second-person singular)
luk'os (optative second-person singular)
lukëbi (present singular third-person)
luki (present singular third-person)
luki (past singular third-person)
lukkahën (imperative singular third-person)
lukkohën (optative singular third-person)
lugëkmëk (first-person plural present)
lugëkmak (first-person plural present)
lukimëk (first-person past plural)
lukimak (first-person past plural)
lukkadëmëk (first-person imperative plural)
lukkadamak (first-person imperative plural)
lukkodëmëk (first-person optative plural)
lukkodamak (first-person optative plural)
lugëktëk (plural present second-person)
lugëktak (plural present second-person)
lukidëk (past plural second-person)
lukidak (past plural second-person)
lukkadë (imperative plural second-person)
lukkada (imperative plural second-person)
luk'ot'ëk (optative plural second-person)
lukkodadak (optative plural second-person)
lukëbat (plural present third-person)
luki (plural present third-person)
luki (past plural third-person)
lukkahën (imperative plural third-person)
lukkohën (optative plural third-person)
lugëksën (passive present)
lugët'aksën (passive present)
lukëdisën (passive past)
lugëttisën (passive past)
lukëdakahën (imperative passive)
lugëttakahën (imperative passive)
lukëdakohën (optative passive)
lugëttakohën (optative passive)
lugëk (connegative present)
luk'ak (connegative imperative)
luk'ok (connegative optative)
lugëktak (connegative passive present)
lukëdagak (connegative imperative passive)
lugëttagak (connegative imperative passive)
lukëdagok (connegative optative passive)
lugëttagok (connegative optative passive)
lugëkcin (conditional conditional-i first-person singular)
lukicin (conditional conditional-ii first-person singular)
lukënën (first-person potential singular)
lugëkcit (conditional conditional-i second-person singular)
lukicit (conditional conditional-ii second-person singular)
lukënët (potential second-person singular)
lugëkci (conditional conditional-i singular third-person)
lukici (conditional conditional-ii singular third-person)
lukëni (potential singular third-person)
lugëkcimëk (conditional conditional-i first-person plural)
lugëkcimak (conditional conditional-i first-person plural)
lukicimëk (conditional conditional-ii first-person plural)
lukicimak (conditional conditional-ii first-person plural)
lukënëmëk (first-person plural potential)
lukënëmak (first-person plural potential)
lugëkcidëk (conditional conditional-i plural second-person)
lugëkcidak (conditional conditional-i plural second-person)
lukicidëk (conditional conditional-ii plural second-person)
lukicidak (conditional conditional-ii plural second-person)
lukënëdëk (plural potential second-person)
lukënëdak (plural potential second-person)
lugëkci (conditional conditional-i plural third-person)
lukici (conditional conditional-ii plural third-person)
lukëni (plural potential third-person)
lukëdakcihën (conditional conditional-i passive)
lugët'akcihën (conditional conditional-i passive)
lukëdicihën (conditional conditional-ii passive)
lugëtticihën (conditional conditional-ii passive)
lukëdanëhën (passive potential)
lugëttanëhën (passive potential)
lugëkcik (conditional conditional-i connegative)
lukicik (conditional conditional-ii connegative)
lukënëk (connegative potential)
lukëdakcik (conditional conditional-i connegative passive)
lugët'akcik (conditional conditional-i connegative passive)
lukëdicik (conditional conditional-ii connegative passive)
lugëtticik (conditional conditional-ii connegative passive)
lukëdanëk (connegative passive potential)
lugëttanëk (connegative passive potential)
lukëdak (conditional conditional-i infinitive infinitive-i)
lukëba (active participle present)
lukëdapa (participle passive present)
lugëttapa (participle passive present)
lukëdë- (conditional conditional-i infinitive infinitive-ii)
lukënut (active participle past)
lukëdu (participle passive past)
lugëttu (participle passive past)
lukëma (conditional conditional-i gerund supine)
lukëminen (conditional conditional-i noun-from-verb)

Estonian: lugema/lugeda

Finnish: lukea

Ingrian: lukkia

Karelian:

North Karelian: lukie

South Karelian: lugie

desc

Livonian: (Courland) lu’ggõ, (Salaca) lugg

Livvi: lugie

Ludian: lugeda

Veps: lugeda

Võro: lugõma/lukõq

Votic: lukõa


ajadak

aja- (stem)
ajan (first-person present singular)
ajoin (first-person past singular)
ajagon (first-person optative singular)
ajat (present second-person singular)
ajoit (past second-person singular)
ajak (imperative second-person singular)
ajagos (optative second-person singular)
ajabi (present singular third-person)
aja (present singular third-person)
ajoi (past singular third-person)
ajagasën (imperative singular third-person)
ajagosën (optative singular third-person)
ajakmëk (first-person plural present)
ajakmak (first-person plural present)
ajoimëk (first-person past plural)
ajoimak (first-person past plural)
ajagatëmëk (first-person imperative plural)
ajagatamak (first-person imperative plural)
ajagotëmëk (first-person optative plural)
ajagotamak (first-person optative plural)
ajaktëk (plural present second-person)
ajaktak (plural present second-person)
ajoidëk (past plural second-person)
ajoidak (past plural second-person)
ajagatë (imperative plural second-person)
ajagata (imperative plural second-person)
ajagot'ëk (optative plural second-person)
ajagotadak (optative plural second-person)
ajabat (plural present third-person)
aja (plural present third-person)
ajoi (past plural third-person)
ajagasën (imperative plural third-person)
ajagosën (optative plural third-person)
ajaksën (passive present)
ajat'aksën (passive present)
ajadisën (passive past)
ajattisën (passive past)
ajadakahën (imperative passive)
ajattakahën (imperative passive)
ajadakohën (optative passive)
ajattakohën (optative passive)
ajak (connegative present)
ajagak (connegative imperative)
ajagok (connegative optative)
ajaktak (connegative passive present)
ajadagak (connegative imperative passive)
ajattagak (connegative imperative passive)
ajadagok (connegative optative passive)
ajattagok (connegative optative passive)
ajakcin (conditional conditional-i first-person singular)
ajoicin (conditional conditional-ii first-person singular)
ajanën (first-person potential singular)
ajakcit (conditional conditional-i second-person singular)
ajoicit (conditional conditional-ii second-person singular)
ajanët (potential second-person singular)
ajakci (conditional conditional-i singular third-person)
ajoici (conditional conditional-ii singular third-person)
ajani (potential singular third-person)
ajakcimëk (conditional conditional-i first-person plural)
ajakcimak (conditional conditional-i first-person plural)
ajoicimëk (conditional conditional-ii first-person plural)
ajoicimak (conditional conditional-ii first-person plural)
ajanëmëk (first-person plural potential)
ajanëmak (first-person plural potential)
ajakcidëk (conditional conditional-i plural second-person)
ajakcidak (conditional conditional-i plural second-person)
ajoicidëk (conditional conditional-ii plural second-person)
ajoicidak (conditional conditional-ii plural second-person)
ajanëdëk (plural potential second-person)
ajanëdak (plural potential second-person)
ajakci (conditional conditional-i plural third-person)
ajoici (conditional conditional-ii plural third-person)
ajani (plural potential third-person)
ajadakcihën (conditional conditional-i passive)
ajat'akcihën (conditional conditional-i passive)
ajadicihën (conditional conditional-ii passive)
ajatticihën (conditional conditional-ii passive)
ajadanëhën (passive potential)
ajattanëhën (passive potential)
ajakcik (conditional conditional-i connegative)
ajoicik (conditional conditional-ii connegative)
ajanëk (connegative potential)
ajadakcik (conditional conditional-i connegative passive)
ajat'akcik (conditional conditional-i connegative passive)
ajadicik (conditional conditional-ii connegative passive)
ajatticik (conditional conditional-ii connegative passive)
ajadanëk (connegative passive potential)
ajattanëk (connegative passive potential)
ajadak (conditional conditional-i infinitive infinitive-i)
ajaba (active participle present)
ajadapa (participle passive present)
ajattapa (participle passive present)
ajadë- (conditional conditional-i infinitive infinitive-ii)
ajanut (active participle past)
ajadu (participle passive past)
ajattu (participle passive past)
ajama (conditional conditional-i gerund supine)
ajaminen (conditional conditional-i noun-from-verb)

Estonian: ajama/ajada

Finnish: ajaa

Ingrian: aijaa

Karelian:

North Karelian: ajua

South Karelian: ajua

Livonian: a'jjõ, (Salaca) aij

Ludian: ajada

Veps: ajada

Võro: ajama/ajjaq (also aama)

Votic: ajja

From Proto-Finno-Ugric *aja-, probably borrowed from a descendant of Proto-Indo-European *h₂eǵ-, *h₂éǵeti; see the Proto-Uralic entry for more. Cognates include Proto-Samic *vuojētēk.


küsüdäk

küsü- (stem)
küsün (first-person present singular)
küsüin (first-person past singular)
küsügon (first-person optative singular)
küsüt (present second-person singular)
küsüit (past second-person singular)
küsük (imperative second-person singular)
küsügos (optative second-person singular)
küsübi (present singular third-person)
küsü (present singular third-person)
küsüi (past singular third-person)
küsügäsen (imperative singular third-person)
küsügosen (optative singular third-person)
küsükmek (first-person plural present)
küsükmäk (first-person plural present)
küsüimek (first-person past plural)
küsüimäk (first-person past plural)
küsügätemek (first-person imperative plural)
küsügätämäk (first-person imperative plural)
küsügotemek (first-person optative plural)
küsügotämäk (first-person optative plural)
küsüktek (plural present second-person)
küsüktäk (plural present second-person)
küsüidek (past plural second-person)
küsüidäk (past plural second-person)
küsügäte (imperative plural second-person)
küsügätä (imperative plural second-person)
küsügot'ek (optative plural second-person)
küsügotädäk (optative plural second-person)
küsübät (plural present third-person)
küsü (plural present third-person)
küsüi (past plural third-person)
küsügäsen (imperative plural third-person)
küsügosen (optative plural third-person)
küsüksen (passive present)
küsüt'äksen (passive present)
küsüdisen (passive past)
küsüttisen (passive past)
küsüdäkähen (imperative passive)
küsüttäkähen (imperative passive)
küsüdäkohen (optative passive)
küsüttäkohen (optative passive)
küsük (connegative present)
küsügäk (connegative imperative)
küsügok (connegative optative)
küsüktäk (connegative passive present)
küsüdägäk (connegative imperative passive)
küsüttägäk (connegative imperative passive)
küsüdägok (connegative optative passive)
küsüttägok (connegative optative passive)
küsükcin (conditional conditional-i first-person singular)
küsüicin (conditional conditional-ii first-person singular)
küsünen (first-person potential singular)
küsükcit (conditional conditional-i second-person singular)
küsüicit (conditional conditional-ii second-person singular)
küsünet (potential second-person singular)
küsükci (conditional conditional-i singular third-person)
küsüici (conditional conditional-ii singular third-person)
küsüni (potential singular third-person)
küsükcimek (conditional conditional-i first-person plural)
küsükcimäk (conditional conditional-i first-person plural)
küsüicimek (conditional conditional-ii first-person plural)
küsüicimäk (conditional conditional-ii first-person plural)
küsünemek (first-person plural potential)
küsünemäk (first-person plural potential)
küsükcidek (conditional conditional-i plural second-person)
küsükcidäk (conditional conditional-i plural second-person)
küsüicidek (conditional conditional-ii plural second-person)
küsüicidäk (conditional conditional-ii plural second-person)
küsünedek (plural potential second-person)
küsünedäk (plural potential second-person)
küsükci (conditional conditional-i plural third-person)
küsüici (conditional conditional-ii plural third-person)
küsüni (plural potential third-person)
küsüdäkcihen (conditional conditional-i passive)
küsüt'äkcihen (conditional conditional-i passive)
küsüdicihen (conditional conditional-ii passive)
küsütticihen (conditional conditional-ii passive)
küsüdänehen (passive potential)
küsüttänehen (passive potential)
küsükcik (conditional conditional-i connegative)
küsüicik (conditional conditional-ii connegative)
küsünek (connegative potential)
küsüdäkcik (conditional conditional-i connegative passive)
küsüt'äkcik (conditional conditional-i connegative passive)
küsüdicik (conditional conditional-ii connegative passive)
küsütticik (conditional conditional-ii connegative passive)
küsüdänek (connegative passive potential)
küsüttänek (connegative passive potential)
küsüdäk (conditional conditional-i infinitive infinitive-i)
küsübä (active participle present)
küsüdäpä (participle passive present)
küsüttäpä (participle passive present)
küsüde- (conditional conditional-i infinitive infinitive-ii)
küsünüt (active participle past)
küsüdü (participle passive past)
küsüttü (participle passive past)
küsümä (conditional conditional-i gerund supine)
küsüminen (conditional conditional-i noun-from-verb)

Estonian: küsima/küsida

Finnish: kysyä

Ingrian: kyssyä

Karelian: kyšyö, kyzyö

Livvi: kyzyö

Ludian: küzüda

Veps: küzuda

Võro: küsümä/küssüq

Votic: tšüssüä

From Proto-Finno-Permic *küśe-w-. Cognate to Proto-Samic *këčëtēk, Erzya кевкстемс (kevksťems), Moksha кизефтемс (kiźefťems).


teetädäk

teetä- (stem)
teedän (first-person present singular)
teedein (first-person past singular)
teetägon (first-person optative singular)
teedät (present second-person singular)
teedeit (past second-person singular)
teedäk (imperative second-person singular)
teetägos (optative second-person singular)
teetäbi (present singular third-person)
teetä (present singular third-person)
teetei (past singular third-person)
teetägäsen (imperative singular third-person)
teetägosen (optative singular third-person)
teedäkmek (first-person plural present)
teedäkmäk (first-person plural present)
teeteimek (first-person past plural)
teeteimäk (first-person past plural)
teetägätemek (first-person imperative plural)
teetägätämäk (first-person imperative plural)
teetägotemek (first-person optative plural)
teetägotämäk (first-person optative plural)
teedäktek (plural present second-person)
teedäktäk (plural present second-person)
teeteidek (past plural second-person)
teeteidäk (past plural second-person)
teetägäte (imperative plural second-person)
teetägätä (imperative plural second-person)
teetägot'ek (optative plural second-person)
teetägotädäk (optative plural second-person)
teetäbät (plural present third-person)
teetä (plural present third-person)
teetei (past plural third-person)
teetägäsen (imperative plural third-person)
teetägosen (optative plural third-person)
teedäksen (passive present)
teedät'äksen (passive present)
teetädisen (passive past)
teedättisen (passive past)
teetädäkähen (imperative passive)
teedättäkähen (imperative passive)
teetädäkohen (optative passive)
teedättäkohen (optative passive)
teedäk (connegative present)
teetägäk (connegative imperative)
teetägok (connegative optative)
teedäktäk (connegative passive present)
teetädägäk (connegative imperative passive)
teedättägäk (connegative imperative passive)
teetädägok (connegative optative passive)
teedättägok (connegative optative passive)
teedäkcin (conditional conditional-i first-person singular)
teeteicin (conditional conditional-ii first-person singular)
teetänen (first-person potential singular)
teedäkcit (conditional conditional-i second-person singular)
teeteicit (conditional conditional-ii second-person singular)
teetänet (potential second-person singular)
teedäkci (conditional conditional-i singular third-person)
teeteici (conditional conditional-ii singular third-person)
teetäni (potential singular third-person)
teedäkcimek (conditional conditional-i first-person plural)
teedäkcimäk (conditional conditional-i first-person plural)
teeteicimek (conditional conditional-ii first-person plural)
teeteicimäk (conditional conditional-ii first-person plural)
teetänemek (first-person plural potential)
teetänemäk (first-person plural potential)
teedäkcidek (conditional conditional-i plural second-person)
teedäkcidäk (conditional conditional-i plural second-person)
teeteicidek (conditional conditional-ii plural second-person)
teeteicidäk (conditional conditional-ii plural second-person)
teetänedek (plural potential second-person)
teetänedäk (plural potential second-person)
teedäkci (conditional conditional-i plural third-person)
teeteici (conditional conditional-ii plural third-person)
teetäni (plural potential third-person)
teetädäkcihen (conditional conditional-i passive)
teedät'äkcihen (conditional conditional-i passive)
teetädicihen (conditional conditional-ii passive)
teedätticihen (conditional conditional-ii passive)
teetädänehen (passive potential)
teedättänehen (passive potential)
teedäkcik (conditional conditional-i connegative)
teeteicik (conditional conditional-ii connegative)
teetänek (connegative potential)
teetädäkcik (conditional conditional-i connegative passive)
teedät'äkcik (conditional conditional-i connegative passive)
teetädicik (conditional conditional-ii connegative passive)
teedätticik (conditional conditional-ii connegative passive)
teetädänek (connegative passive potential)
teedättänek (connegative passive potential)
teetädäk (conditional conditional-i infinitive infinitive-i)
teetäbä (active participle present)
teetädäpä (participle passive present)
teedättäpä (participle passive present)
teetäde- (conditional conditional-i infinitive infinitive-ii)
teetänüt (active participle past)
teetädü (participle passive past)
teedättü (participle passive past)
teetämä (conditional conditional-i gerund supine)
teetäminen (conditional conditional-i noun-from-verb)

Estonian: teadma/teada

Finnish: tietää

Ingrian: tiitää

Karelian: tieteä

Livonian: tied

Livvi: tiediä

Ludian: tieta

Veps: teta

Võro: tiidmä/teedäq

Votic: täätä

→ Proto-Samic: *tietētēk

Derived from the noun *tee (“road, way”) + *-tädäk. The verb must have originally meant "to know the way".


abuttadak

abutta- (stem)
abut'an (first-person present singular)
abut'ëin (first-person past singular)
abuttagon (first-person optative singular)
abut'at (present second-person singular)
abut'ëit (past second-person singular)
abut'ak (imperative second-person singular)
abuttagos (optative second-person singular)
abuttapi (present singular third-person)
abutta (present singular third-person)
abuttëi (past singular third-person)
abuttakahën (imperative singular third-person)
abuttakohën (optative singular third-person)
abut'akmëk (first-person plural present)
abut'akmak (first-person plural present)
abuttëimëk (first-person past plural)
abuttëimak (first-person past plural)
abuttakadëmëk (first-person imperative plural)
abuttakadamak (first-person imperative plural)
abuttakodëmëk (first-person optative plural)
abuttakodamak (first-person optative plural)
abut'aktëk (plural present second-person)
abut'aktak (plural present second-person)
abuttëidëk (past plural second-person)
abuttëidak (past plural second-person)
abuttakadë (imperative plural second-person)
abuttakada (imperative plural second-person)
abuttagot'ëk (optative plural second-person)
abuttakodadak (optative plural second-person)
abuttabat (plural present third-person)
abutta (plural present third-person)
abuttëi (past plural third-person)
abuttakahën (imperative plural third-person)
abuttakohën (optative plural third-person)
abut'aksën (passive present)
abut'at'aksën (passive present)
abuttatihën (passive past)
abut'attihën (passive past)
abuttatagasën (imperative passive)
abut'attagasën (imperative passive)
abuttatagosën (optative passive)
abut'attagosën (optative passive)
abut'ak (connegative present)
abuttagak (connegative imperative)
abuttagok (connegative optative)
abut'aktak (connegative passive present)
abuttatagak (connegative imperative passive)
abut'attagak (connegative imperative passive)
abuttatagok (connegative optative passive)
abut'attagok (connegative optative passive)
abut'akcin (conditional conditional-i first-person singular)
abuttëicin (conditional conditional-ii first-person singular)
abuttanën (first-person potential singular)
abut'akcit (conditional conditional-i second-person singular)
abuttëicit (conditional conditional-ii second-person singular)
abuttanët (potential second-person singular)
abut'akci (conditional conditional-i singular third-person)
abuttëici (conditional conditional-ii singular third-person)
abuttani (potential singular third-person)
abut'akcimëk (conditional conditional-i first-person plural)
abut'akcimak (conditional conditional-i first-person plural)
abuttëicimëk (conditional conditional-ii first-person plural)
abuttëicimak (conditional conditional-ii first-person plural)
abuttanëmëk (first-person plural potential)
abuttanëmak (first-person plural potential)
abut'akcidëk (conditional conditional-i plural second-person)
abut'akcidak (conditional conditional-i plural second-person)
abuttëicidëk (conditional conditional-ii plural second-person)
abuttëicidak (conditional conditional-ii plural second-person)
abuttanëdëk (plural potential second-person)
abuttanëdak (plural potential second-person)
abut'akci (conditional conditional-i plural third-person)
abuttëici (conditional conditional-ii plural third-person)
abuttani (plural potential third-person)
abuttadakcisën (conditional conditional-i passive)
abut'at'akcisën (conditional conditional-i passive)
abuttaticisën (conditional conditional-ii passive)
abut'atticisën (conditional conditional-ii passive)
abuttatanësën (passive potential)
abut'attanësën (passive potential)
abut'akcik (conditional conditional-i connegative)
abuttëicik (conditional conditional-ii connegative)
abuttanëk (connegative potential)
abuttadakcik (conditional conditional-i connegative passive)
abut'at'akcik (conditional conditional-i connegative passive)
abuttaticik (conditional conditional-ii connegative passive)
abut'atticik (conditional conditional-ii connegative passive)
abuttatanëk (connegative passive potential)
abut'attanëk (connegative passive potential)
abuttadak (conditional conditional-i infinitive infinitive-i)
abuttapa (active participle present)
abuttataba (participle passive present)
abut'attaba (participle passive present)
abuttatë- (conditional conditional-i infinitive infinitive-ii)
abuttanut (active participle past)
abuttatu (participle passive past)
abut'attu (participle passive past)
abuttama (conditional conditional-i gerund supine)
abuttaminen (conditional conditional-i noun-from-verb)

Finnish: auttaa

Ingrian: avuttaa

Karelian:

North Karelian: auttua

South Karelian: auttua

Livvi: avvuttua

Ludian: abutada

Veps: abutada

(Northern Finnic) Alternative form of *abittadak


vottadak

votta- (stem)
vot'an (first-person present singular)
vot'ëin (first-person past singular)
vottagon (first-person optative singular)
vot'at (present second-person singular)
vot'ëit (past second-person singular)
vot'ak (imperative second-person singular)
vottagos (optative second-person singular)
vottabi (present singular third-person)
votta (present singular third-person)
vottëi (past singular third-person)
vottagasën (imperative singular third-person)
vottagosën (optative singular third-person)
vot'akmëk (first-person plural present)
vot'akmak (first-person plural present)
vottëimëk (first-person past plural)
vottëimak (first-person past plural)
vottagatëmëk (first-person imperative plural)
vottagatamak (first-person imperative plural)
vottagotëmëk (first-person optative plural)
vottagotamak (first-person optative plural)
vot'aktëk (plural present second-person)
vot'aktak (plural present second-person)
vottëidëk (past plural second-person)
vottëidak (past plural second-person)
vottagatë (imperative plural second-person)
vottagata (imperative plural second-person)
vottagot'ëk (optative plural second-person)
vottagotadak (optative plural second-person)
vottabat (plural present third-person)
votta (plural present third-person)
vottëi (past plural third-person)
vottagasën (imperative plural third-person)
vottagosën (optative plural third-person)
vot'aksën (passive present)
vot'at'aksën (passive present)
vottadisën (passive past)
vot'attisën (passive past)
vottadakahën (imperative passive)
vot'attakahën (imperative passive)
vottadakohën (optative passive)
vot'attakohën (optative passive)
vot'ak (connegative present)
vottagak (connegative imperative)
vottagok (connegative optative)
vot'aktak (connegative passive present)
vottadagak (connegative imperative passive)
vot'attagak (connegative imperative passive)
vottadagok (connegative optative passive)
vot'attagok (connegative optative passive)
vot'akcin (conditional conditional-i first-person singular)
vottëicin (conditional conditional-ii first-person singular)
vottanën (first-person potential singular)
vot'akcit (conditional conditional-i second-person singular)
vottëicit (conditional conditional-ii second-person singular)
vottanët (potential second-person singular)
vot'akci (conditional conditional-i singular third-person)
vottëici (conditional conditional-ii singular third-person)
vottani (potential singular third-person)
vot'akcimëk (conditional conditional-i first-person plural)
vot'akcimak (conditional conditional-i first-person plural)
vottëicimëk (conditional conditional-ii first-person plural)
vottëicimak (conditional conditional-ii first-person plural)
vottanëmëk (first-person plural potential)
vottanëmak (first-person plural potential)
vot'akcidëk (conditional conditional-i plural second-person)
vot'akcidak (conditional conditional-i plural second-person)
vottëicidëk (conditional conditional-ii plural second-person)
vottëicidak (conditional conditional-ii plural second-person)
vottanëdëk (plural potential second-person)
vottanëdak (plural potential second-person)
vot'akci (conditional conditional-i plural third-person)
vottëici (conditional conditional-ii plural third-person)
vottani (plural potential third-person)
vottadakcihën (conditional conditional-i passive)
vot'at'akcihën (conditional conditional-i passive)
vottadicihën (conditional conditional-ii passive)
vot'atticihën (conditional conditional-ii passive)
vottadanëhën (passive potential)
vot'attanëhën (passive potential)
vot'akcik (conditional conditional-i connegative)
vottëicik (conditional conditional-ii connegative)
vottanëk (connegative potential)
vottadakcik (conditional conditional-i connegative passive)
vot'at'akcik (conditional conditional-i connegative passive)
vottadicik (conditional conditional-ii connegative passive)
vot'atticik (conditional conditional-ii connegative passive)
vottadanëk (connegative passive potential)
vot'attanëk (connegative passive potential)
vottadak (conditional conditional-i infinitive infinitive-i)
vottaba (active participle present)
vottadapa (participle passive present)
vot'attapa (participle passive present)
vottadë- (conditional conditional-i infinitive infinitive-ii)
vottanut (active participle past)
vottadu (participle passive past)
vot'attu (participle passive past)
vottama (conditional conditional-i gerund supine)
vottaminen (conditional conditional-i noun-from-verb)

Estonian: võtma/võtta

Finnish: ottaa

Ingrian: ottaa

Karelian:

North Karelian: ottoa

South Karelian: ottoa

Livonian: võttõ

Livvi: ottoa

Ludian: ottada

Veps: otta

Võro: võtma/võttaq

Votic: võtta

Unclear. According to older theories, the word would be related to Northern Sami vuohttit, Komi-Zyrian вотны (votny), Northern Mansi ва̄туӈкве (vātuňkve) and Tundra Nenets [script needed] (wed́e-), suggesting it could come from Proto-Uralic *watta-, but this implies an irregular change of the initial vowel. Alternatively, according to Zhivlov (2014), from Proto-Uralic *wotta-, whence only the Finnic and Mansi terms.
Koivulehto proposed that the word, through older *vont-ta-, is borrowed from Proto-Indo-European *wondʰ-éye- or its Pre-Germanic descendant, whence Proto-Germanic *wandijaną. The semantic development would be "to turn > turn towards oneself > take possession of" (cf. German wenden (“to turn”) > German entwenden (“to steal”), and possible parallels in older Germanic languages as well, such as Old Norse venda), with the older meaning surviving in the derived word *vot'in (“key”, literally “a tool which is turned”).
Metsäranta (2020) raises the possibility that the root is actually two separate, originally unrelated roots. He also denies that the aforementioned Komi word (Komi-Zyrian вотны (votny)) is cognate with either, instead tracing it back to Proto-Uralic *wexe-ptä-.


lainëh

lainëh (nominative singular)
lainëhët (nominative plural)
lainëhën (accusative singular)
lainëhët (accusative plural)
lainëhën (genitive singular)
lainëhtën (genitive plural)
lainëhidën (genitive plural)
lainëhta (partitive singular)
lainëhita (partitive plural)
lainëhëssa (inessive singular)
lainëhëhna (inessive singular)
lainëhissa (inessive plural)
lainëhihna (inessive plural)
lainëhësta (elative singular)
lainëhista (elative plural)
lainëhësën (illative singular)
lainëhisën (illative plural)
lainëhëlla (adessive singular)
lainëhilla (adessive plural)
lainëhëlta (ablative singular)
lainëhilta (ablative plural)
lainëhëlën (allative singular)
lainëhëlëk (allative singular)
lainëhilën (allative plural)
lainëhilëk (allative plural)
lainëhëna (essive singular)
lainëhina (essive plural)
lainëhëksi (singular translative)
lainëhiksi (plural translative)
lainëhën (instructive singular)
lainëhin (instructive plural)
lainëhënëk (comitative singular)
lainëhinëk (comitative plural)
lainëhëtta (abessive singular)
lainëhitta (abessive plural)

Estonian: laine

Finnish: laine

Ingrian: laine

Karelian:

North Karelian: lainneh

South Karelian: laineh

Livonian: lain

Livvi: laineh

Ludian: lainiž

Veps: laineh

Võro: lainõh, lainõq

Votic: lainõ

Borrowed from Proto-Germanic *hlainiz (“leaning”).


hoonëh

hoonëh (nominative singular)
hoonëhët (nominative plural)
hoonëhën (accusative singular)
hoonëhët (accusative plural)
hoonëhën (genitive singular)
hoonëhtën (genitive plural)
hoonëhidën (genitive plural)
hoonëhta (partitive singular)
hoonëhita (partitive plural)
hoonëhëssa (inessive singular)
hoonëhëhna (inessive singular)
hoonëhissa (inessive plural)
hoonëhihna (inessive plural)
hoonëhësta (elative singular)
hoonëhista (elative plural)
hoonëhësën (illative singular)
hoonëhisën (illative plural)
hoonëhëlla (adessive singular)
hoonëhilla (adessive plural)
hoonëhëlta (ablative singular)
hoonëhilta (ablative plural)
hoonëhëlën (allative singular)
hoonëhëlëk (allative singular)
hoonëhilën (allative plural)
hoonëhilëk (allative plural)
hoonëhëna (essive singular)
hoonëhina (essive plural)
hoonëhëksi (singular translative)
hoonëhiksi (plural translative)
hoonëhën (instructive singular)
hoonëhin (instructive plural)
hoonëhënëk (comitative singular)
hoonëhinëk (comitative plural)
hoonëhëtta (abessive singular)
hoonëhitta (abessive plural)

Estonian: hoone

Finnish: huone

Ingrian: hoone

Karelian: huoneh

Livonian: uone (Vidzeme)

Võro: hoonõh, hoonõq

Votic: oonõ

Unknown. Has been compared with Baltic words: compare Lithuanian šoninė (“annex, side chamber, flank”), from šonas (“side”). Has also been compared also with Permic words meaning 'warm': Proto-Permic *šɔnit. Both comparisons, the Baltic and the Uralic, are both semantically and phonetically unlikely. Seems to contain the suffix + *-ëh.


ombëldak

ompëlë- (stem)
ompëlën (first-person present singular)
ompëlin (first-person past singular)
ombëlgon (first-person optative singular)
ompëlët (present second-person singular)
ompëlit (past second-person singular)
ompëlëk (imperative second-person singular)
ombëlgos (optative second-person singular)
ompëlëpi (present singular third-person)
ombël (present singular third-person)
ompëli (past singular third-person)
ombëlkasën (imperative singular third-person)
ombëlkosën (optative singular third-person)
ompëlëkmëk (first-person plural present)
ompëlëkmak (first-person plural present)
ompëlimëk (first-person past plural)
ompëlimak (first-person past plural)
ombëlkatëmëk (first-person imperative plural)
ombëlkatamak (first-person imperative plural)
ombëlkotëmëk (first-person optative plural)
ombëlkotamak (first-person optative plural)
ompëlëktëk (plural present second-person)
ompëlëktak (plural present second-person)
ompëlidëk (past plural second-person)
ompëlidak (past plural second-person)
ombëlkatë (imperative plural second-person)
ombëlkata (imperative plural second-person)
ombëlgot'ëk (optative plural second-person)
ombëlkotadak (optative plural second-person)
ompëlëbat (plural present third-person)
ombël (plural present third-person)
ompëli (past plural third-person)
ombëlkasën (imperative plural third-person)
ombëlkosën (optative plural third-person)
ompëlëksën (passive present)
ompëlët'aksën (passive present)
ombëltisën (passive past)
ompëlëttihën (passive past)
ombëltakahën (imperative passive)
ompëlëttagasën (imperative passive)
ombëltakohën (optative passive)
ompëlëttagosën (optative passive)
ompëlëk (connegative present)
ombëlgak (connegative imperative)
ombëlgok (connegative optative)
ompëlëktak (connegative passive present)
ombëltagak (connegative imperative passive)
ompëlëttagak (connegative imperative passive)
ombëltagok (connegative optative passive)
ompëlëttagok (connegative optative passive)
ompëlëkcin (conditional conditional-i first-person singular)
ompëlicin (conditional conditional-ii first-person singular)
ombëllën (first-person potential singular)
ompëlëkcit (conditional conditional-i second-person singular)
ompëlicit (conditional conditional-ii second-person singular)
ombëllët (potential second-person singular)
ompëlëkci (conditional conditional-i singular third-person)
ompëlici (conditional conditional-ii singular third-person)
ombëlli (potential singular third-person)
ompëlëkcimëk (conditional conditional-i first-person plural)
ompëlëkcimak (conditional conditional-i first-person plural)
ompëlicimëk (conditional conditional-ii first-person plural)
ompëlicimak (conditional conditional-ii first-person plural)
ombëllëmëk (first-person plural potential)
ombëllëmak (first-person plural potential)
ompëlëkcidëk (conditional conditional-i plural second-person)
ompëlëkcidak (conditional conditional-i plural second-person)
ompëlicidëk (conditional conditional-ii plural second-person)
ompëlicidak (conditional conditional-ii plural second-person)
ombëllëdëk (plural potential second-person)
ombëllëdak (plural potential second-person)
ompëlëkci (conditional conditional-i plural third-person)
ompëlici (conditional conditional-ii plural third-person)
ombëlli (plural potential third-person)
ombëldakcihën (conditional conditional-i passive)
ompëlët'akcisën (conditional conditional-i passive)
ombëlticihën (conditional conditional-ii passive)
ompëlëtticisën (conditional conditional-ii passive)
ombëltanëhën (passive potential)
ompëlëttanësën (passive potential)
ompëlëkcik (conditional conditional-i connegative)
ompëlicik (conditional conditional-ii connegative)
ombëllëk (connegative potential)
ombëldakcik (conditional conditional-i connegative passive)
ompëlët'akcik (conditional conditional-i connegative passive)
ombëlticik (conditional conditional-ii connegative passive)
ompëlëtticik (conditional conditional-ii connegative passive)
ombëltanëk (connegative passive potential)
ompëlëttanëk (connegative passive potential)
ombëldak (conditional conditional-i infinitive infinitive-i)
ompëlëpa (active participle present)
ombëltapa (participle passive present)
ompëlëttaba (participle passive present)
ombëltë- (conditional conditional-i infinitive infinitive-ii)
ombëllut (active participle past)
ombëltu (participle passive past)
ompëlëttu (participle passive past)
ompëlëma (conditional conditional-i gerund supine)
ompëlëminen (conditional conditional-i noun-from-verb)

Estonian: õmblema/õmmelda

Finnish: ommella

Ingrian: ommella

Karelian: ommella

Livonian: umbl

Ludian: ombelda

Veps: ombelta

Võro: umblõma/ummõldaq

Votic: õmmõllõ


cinä

cinä (nominative singular)
cinun (accusative singular)
cinun (genitive singular)
cinuda (partitive singular)
cinussa (inessive singular)
cinuhna (inessive singular)
cinusta (elative singular)
cinuhën (illative singular)
cinulla (adessive singular)
cinulta (ablative singular)
cinulën (allative singular)
cinulëk (allative singular)
cinuna (essive singular)
cinuksi (singular translative)
cinun (instructive singular)
cinunëk (comitative singular)
cinutta (abessive singular)

Estonian: sina, sa

desc

Finnish: sinä, (colloquial/dialectal) sä, sää, siä, sie

Kven: sie

Ingrian: siä

Karelian:

North Karelian: šie

South Karelian: šie

Livonian: sinā, sa

Livvi: sinä

Ludian: sina

Veps: sinä

Võro: sa, saq

Votic: siä

From Proto-Uralic *tinä. The *-u in oblique forms originates from a dual inflection, which has otherwise been lost; compare the Proto-Samic second-person dual pronoun *tonōj.


toinën

toinën (nominative singular)
toicët (nominative plural)
toicën (accusative singular)
toicët (accusative plural)
toicën (genitive singular)
toictën (genitive plural)
toicidën (genitive plural)
toicta (partitive singular)
toicida (partitive plural)
toicëssa (inessive singular)
toicëhna (inessive singular)
toicissa (inessive plural)
toicihna (inessive plural)
toicësta (elative singular)
toicista (elative plural)
toicëhën (illative singular)
toicihën (illative plural)
toicëlla (adessive singular)
toicilla (adessive plural)
toicëlta (ablative singular)
toicilta (ablative plural)
toicëlën (allative singular)
toicëlëk (allative singular)
toicilën (allative plural)
toicilëk (allative plural)
toinna (essive singular)
toicina (essive plural)
toicëksi (singular translative)
toiciksi (plural translative)
toicën (instructive singular)
toicin (instructive plural)
toinnëk (comitative singular)
toicinëk (comitative plural)
toicëtta (abessive singular)
toicitta (abessive plural)

Estonian: teine

Finnish: toinen

Ingrian: toin

Karelian:

North Karelian: toini

South Karelian: toine

Livvi: toine

Livonian: tuoi

Ludian: toine

Veps: toine

Võro: tõõnõ, tynõ

Votic: tõin, tõinõ


kaktëksa

kaktëksa (nominative singular)
kaktëksat (nominative plural)
kaktëksan (accusative singular)
kaktëksat (accusative plural)
kaktëksan (genitive singular)
kaktëksadën (genitive plural)
kaktëksoidën (genitive plural)
kaktëksata (partitive singular)
kaktëksoita (partitive plural)
kaktëksassa (inessive singular)
kaktëksahna (inessive singular)
kaktëksoissa (inessive plural)
kaktëksoihna (inessive plural)
kaktëksasta (elative singular)
kaktëksoista (elative plural)
kaktëksasën (illative singular)
kaktëksoisën (illative plural)
kaktëksalla (adessive singular)
kaktëksoilla (adessive plural)
kaktëksalta (ablative singular)
kaktëksoilta (ablative plural)
kaktëksalën (allative singular)
kaktëksalëk (allative singular)
kaktëksoilën (allative plural)
kaktëksoilëk (allative plural)
kaktëksana (essive singular)
kaktëksoina (essive plural)
kaktëksaksi (singular translative)
kaktëksoiksi (plural translative)
kaktëksan (instructive singular)
kaktëksoin (instructive plural)
kaktëksanëk (comitative singular)
kaktëksoinëk (comitative plural)
kaktëksatta (abessive singular)
kaktëksoitta (abessive plural)

Estonian: kaheksa

desctree

Finnish: kahdeksan
Kven: kahđeksen, kaheksan

Ingrian: kaheksan

Karelian:

North Karelian: kahekšan

South Karelian: kaheksan

Livonian:

Courland Livonian: kǭ’dõks

Vidzeme Livonian: kādiks

Livvi: kaheksa

Ludian: kaheksa

Veps: kahesa

Võro: katõssa, katõsa

Votic: kahõsa

→? Proto-Samic: *kākcē

From Proto-Finno-Permic *kakteksa (cognate with Erzya кавксо (kavkso), Moksha кафкса (kafksa)), in some way from *kakci (“two”) (see the Proto-Finno-Permic entry for more). Compare *ükteksä (“nine”).


ükteksä

ükteksä (nominative singular)
ükteksät (nominative plural)
ükteksän (accusative singular)
ükteksät (accusative plural)
ükteksän (genitive singular)
ükteksäden (genitive plural)
üktekseiden (genitive plural)
ükteksätä (partitive singular)
üktekseitä (partitive plural)
ükteksässä (inessive singular)
ükteksähnä (inessive singular)
üktekseissä (inessive plural)
üktekseihnä (inessive plural)
ükteksästä (elative singular)
üktekseistä (elative plural)
ükteksäsen (illative singular)
üktekseisen (illative plural)
ükteksällä (adessive singular)
üktekseillä (adessive plural)
ükteksältä (ablative singular)
üktekseiltä (ablative plural)
ükteksälen (allative singular)
ükteksälek (allative singular)
üktekseilen (allative plural)
üktekseilek (allative plural)
ükteksänä (essive singular)
üktekseinä (essive plural)
ükteksäksi (singular translative)
üktekseiksi (plural translative)
ükteksän (instructive singular)
ükteksein (instructive plural)
ükteksänek (comitative singular)
üktekseinek (comitative plural)
ükteksättä (abessive singular)
üktekseittä (abessive plural)

Estonian: üheksa

Finnish: yhdeksän

Kven: yhđeksen

Ingrian: yheksän

Karelian:

North Karelian: yhekšän

South Karelian: yheksän

Livonian:

Courland Livonian: ī’dõks

Vidzeme Livonian: ǖdiks

Livvi: yheksä

Ludian: üheksä

Veps: ühesa

Võro: ütessä, ütesä

Votic: ühesä

→? Proto-Samic: *ëkcē

From Proto-Finno-Permic *ükteksä (cognate with Erzya вейксэ (vejkse), Moksha вейхкса (vejhksa)), in some way from *ükci (“one”) (see the Proto-Finno-Permic entry for more). Compare *kaktëksa (“eight”).