külbettädäk

külbettä- (stem)
külbet'än (first-person present singular)
külbet'ein (first-person past singular)
külbettägon (first-person optative singular)
külbet'ät (present second-person singular)
külbet'eit (past second-person singular)
külbet'äk (imperative second-person singular)
külbettägos (optative second-person singular)
külbettäpi (present singular third-person)
külbettä (present singular third-person)
külbettei (past singular third-person)
külbettäkähen (imperative singular third-person)
külbettäkohen (optative singular third-person)
külbet'äkmek (first-person plural present)
külbet'äkmäk (first-person plural present)
külbetteimek (first-person past plural)
külbetteimäk (first-person past plural)
külbettäkädemek (first-person imperative plural)
külbettäkädämäk (first-person imperative plural)
külbettäkodemek (first-person optative plural)
külbettäkodämäk (first-person optative plural)
külbet'äktek (plural present second-person)
külbet'äktäk (plural present second-person)
külbetteidek (past plural second-person)
külbetteidäk (past plural second-person)
külbettäkäde (imperative plural second-person)
külbettäkädä (imperative plural second-person)
külbettägot'ek (optative plural second-person)
külbettäkodädäk (optative plural second-person)
külbettäbät (plural present third-person)
külbettä (plural present third-person)
külbettei (past plural third-person)
külbettäkähen (imperative plural third-person)
külbettäkohen (optative plural third-person)
külbet'äksen (passive present)
külbet'ät'äksen (passive present)
külbettätihen (passive past)
külbet'ättihen (passive past)
külbettätägäsen (imperative passive)
külbet'ättägäsen (imperative passive)
külbettätägosen (optative passive)
külbet'ättägosen (optative passive)
külbet'äk (connegative present)
külbettägäk (connegative imperative)
külbettägok (connegative optative)
külbet'äktäk (connegative passive present)
külbettätägäk (connegative imperative passive)
külbet'ättägäk (connegative imperative passive)
külbettätägok (connegative optative passive)
külbet'ättägok (connegative optative passive)
külbet'äkcin (conditional conditional-i first-person singular)
külbetteicin (conditional conditional-ii first-person singular)
külbettänen (first-person potential singular)
külbet'äkcit (conditional conditional-i second-person singular)
külbetteicit (conditional conditional-ii second-person singular)
külbettänet (potential second-person singular)
külbet'äkci (conditional conditional-i singular third-person)
külbetteici (conditional conditional-ii singular third-person)
külbettäni (potential singular third-person)
külbet'äkcimek (conditional conditional-i first-person plural)
külbet'äkcimäk (conditional conditional-i first-person plural)
külbetteicimek (conditional conditional-ii first-person plural)
külbetteicimäk (conditional conditional-ii first-person plural)
külbettänemek (first-person plural potential)
külbettänemäk (first-person plural potential)
külbet'äkcidek (conditional conditional-i plural second-person)
külbet'äkcidäk (conditional conditional-i plural second-person)
külbetteicidek (conditional conditional-ii plural second-person)
külbetteicidäk (conditional conditional-ii plural second-person)
külbettänedek (plural potential second-person)
külbettänedäk (plural potential second-person)
külbet'äkci (conditional conditional-i plural third-person)
külbetteici (conditional conditional-ii plural third-person)
külbettäni (plural potential third-person)
külbettädäkcisen (conditional conditional-i passive)
külbet'ät'äkcisen (conditional conditional-i passive)
külbettäticisen (conditional conditional-ii passive)
külbet'ätticisen (conditional conditional-ii passive)
külbettätänesen (passive potential)
külbet'ättänesen (passive potential)
külbet'äkcik (conditional conditional-i connegative)
külbetteicik (conditional conditional-ii connegative)
külbettänek (connegative potential)
külbettädäkcik (conditional conditional-i connegative passive)
külbet'ät'äkcik (conditional conditional-i connegative passive)
külbettäticik (conditional conditional-ii connegative passive)
külbet'ätticik (conditional conditional-ii connegative passive)
külbettätänek (connegative passive potential)
külbet'ättänek (connegative passive potential)
külbettädäk (conditional conditional-i infinitive infinitive-i)
külbettäpä (active participle present)
külbettätäbä (participle passive present)
külbet'ättäbä (participle passive present)
külbettäte- (conditional conditional-i infinitive infinitive-ii)
külbettänüt (active participle past)
külbettätü (participle passive past)
külbet'ättü (participle passive past)
külbettämä (conditional conditional-i gerund supine)
külbettäminen (conditional conditional-i noun-from-verb)

Finnish: kylvettää

Ingrian: kylvettää

Karelian:

North Karelian: kylvettiä

South Karelian: kylvettiä

Livvi: kylvettiä

Ludian: külbettada

Veps: külbetada, kilbetada

Votic: tšülvettä


sabit'ak

Estonian: (dialectal) sabitsema/sabitseda

Finnish: (dialectal) savita

Ingrian: savita

Karelian:

North Karelian: savita

South Karelian: savita

Livvi: savita

Ludian: sabida

Veps: sabita

Võro: sabitsõma/sabitsaq

Votic: savittsa


kitudak

kitu- (stem)
kidun (first-person present singular)
kiduin (first-person past singular)
kitugon (first-person optative singular)
kidut (present second-person singular)
kiduit (past second-person singular)
kiduk (imperative second-person singular)
kitugos (optative second-person singular)
kitubi (present singular third-person)
kitu (present singular third-person)
kitui (past singular third-person)
kitugasën (imperative singular third-person)
kitugosën (optative singular third-person)
kidukmëk (first-person plural present)
kidukmak (first-person plural present)
kituimëk (first-person past plural)
kituimak (first-person past plural)
kitugatëmëk (first-person imperative plural)
kitugatamak (first-person imperative plural)
kitugotëmëk (first-person optative plural)
kitugotamak (first-person optative plural)
kiduktëk (plural present second-person)
kiduktak (plural present second-person)
kituidëk (past plural second-person)
kituidak (past plural second-person)
kitugatë (imperative plural second-person)
kitugata (imperative plural second-person)
kitugot'ëk (optative plural second-person)
kitugotadak (optative plural second-person)
kitubat (plural present third-person)
kitu (plural present third-person)
kitui (past plural third-person)
kitugasën (imperative plural third-person)
kitugosën (optative plural third-person)
kiduksën (passive present)
kidut'aksën (passive present)
kitudisën (passive past)
kiduttisën (passive past)
kitudakahën (imperative passive)
kiduttakahën (imperative passive)
kitudakohën (optative passive)
kiduttakohën (optative passive)
kiduk (connegative present)
kitugak (connegative imperative)
kitugok (connegative optative)
kiduktak (connegative passive present)
kitudagak (connegative imperative passive)
kiduttagak (connegative imperative passive)
kitudagok (connegative optative passive)
kiduttagok (connegative optative passive)
kidukcin (conditional conditional-i first-person singular)
kituicin (conditional conditional-ii first-person singular)
kitunën (first-person potential singular)
kidukcit (conditional conditional-i second-person singular)
kituicit (conditional conditional-ii second-person singular)
kitunët (potential second-person singular)
kidukci (conditional conditional-i singular third-person)
kituici (conditional conditional-ii singular third-person)
kituni (potential singular third-person)
kidukcimëk (conditional conditional-i first-person plural)
kidukcimak (conditional conditional-i first-person plural)
kituicimëk (conditional conditional-ii first-person plural)
kituicimak (conditional conditional-ii first-person plural)
kitunëmëk (first-person plural potential)
kitunëmak (first-person plural potential)
kidukcidëk (conditional conditional-i plural second-person)
kidukcidak (conditional conditional-i plural second-person)
kituicidëk (conditional conditional-ii plural second-person)
kituicidak (conditional conditional-ii plural second-person)
kitunëdëk (plural potential second-person)
kitunëdak (plural potential second-person)
kidukci (conditional conditional-i plural third-person)
kituici (conditional conditional-ii plural third-person)
kituni (plural potential third-person)
kitudakcihën (conditional conditional-i passive)
kidut'akcihën (conditional conditional-i passive)
kitudicihën (conditional conditional-ii passive)
kidutticihën (conditional conditional-ii passive)
kitudanëhën (passive potential)
kiduttanëhën (passive potential)
kidukcik (conditional conditional-i connegative)
kituicik (conditional conditional-ii connegative)
kitunëk (connegative potential)
kitudakcik (conditional conditional-i connegative passive)
kidut'akcik (conditional conditional-i connegative passive)
kitudicik (conditional conditional-ii connegative passive)
kidutticik (conditional conditional-ii connegative passive)
kitudanëk (connegative passive potential)
kiduttanëk (connegative passive potential)
kitudak (conditional conditional-i infinitive infinitive-i)
kituba (active participle present)
kitudapa (participle passive present)
kiduttapa (participle passive present)
kitudë- (conditional conditional-i infinitive infinitive-ii)
kitunut (active participle past)
kitudu (participle passive past)
kiduttu (participle passive past)
kituma (conditional conditional-i gerund supine)
kituminen (conditional conditional-i noun-from-verb)

Estonian: kiduma/kiduda

Finnish: kitua

Karelian:

North Karelian: kituo

South Karelian: kiduo

Livonian: ki’ddõ

Livvi:

Ludian: ⇒ kiduita

Possibly from Proto-Finno-Ugric *kičɜ (“illness”).

to suffer (for a long time) from pain or illness


varjat'ak

varjada- (stem)
varjadan (first-person present singular)
varjacin (first-person past singular)
varjatkon (first-person optative singular)
varjadat (present second-person singular)
varjacit (past second-person singular)
varjadak (imperative second-person singular)
varjatkos (optative second-person singular)
varjadapi (present singular third-person)
varjat (present singular third-person)
varjaci (past singular third-person)
varjatkasën (imperative singular third-person)
varjatkosën (optative singular third-person)
varjadakmëk (first-person plural present)
varjadakmak (first-person plural present)
varjacimëk (first-person past plural)
varjacimak (first-person past plural)
varjatkatëmëk (first-person imperative plural)
varjatkatamak (first-person imperative plural)
varjatkotëmëk (first-person optative plural)
varjatkotamak (first-person optative plural)
varjadaktëk (plural present second-person)
varjadaktak (plural present second-person)
varjacidëk (past plural second-person)
varjacidak (past plural second-person)
varjatkatë (imperative plural second-person)
varjatkata (imperative plural second-person)
varjatkot'ëk (optative plural second-person)
varjatkotadak (optative plural second-person)
varjadabat (plural present third-person)
varjat (plural present third-person)
varjaci (past plural third-person)
varjatkasën (imperative plural third-person)
varjatkosën (optative plural third-person)
varjadaksën (passive present)
varjadat'aksën (passive present)
varjattisën (passive past)
varjadattihën (passive past)
varjattakahën (imperative passive)
varjadattagasën (imperative passive)
varjattakohën (optative passive)
varjadattagosën (optative passive)
varjadak (connegative present)
varjatkak (connegative imperative)
varjatkok (connegative optative)
varjadaktak (connegative passive present)
varjattagak (connegative imperative passive)
varjadattagak (connegative imperative passive)
varjattagok (connegative optative passive)
varjadattagok (connegative optative passive)
varjadakcin (conditional conditional-i first-person singular)
varjacicin (conditional conditional-ii first-person singular)
varjannën (first-person potential singular)
varjadakcit (conditional conditional-i second-person singular)
varjacicit (conditional conditional-ii second-person singular)
varjannët (potential second-person singular)
varjadakci (conditional conditional-i singular third-person)
varjacici (conditional conditional-ii singular third-person)
varjanni (potential singular third-person)
varjadakcimëk (conditional conditional-i first-person plural)
varjadakcimak (conditional conditional-i first-person plural)
varjacicimëk (conditional conditional-ii first-person plural)
varjacicimak (conditional conditional-ii first-person plural)
varjannëmëk (first-person plural potential)
varjannëmak (first-person plural potential)
varjadakcidëk (conditional conditional-i plural second-person)
varjadakcidak (conditional conditional-i plural second-person)
varjacicidëk (conditional conditional-ii plural second-person)
varjacicidak (conditional conditional-ii plural second-person)
varjannëdëk (plural potential second-person)
varjannëdak (plural potential second-person)
varjadakci (conditional conditional-i plural third-person)
varjacici (conditional conditional-ii plural third-person)
varjanni (plural potential third-person)
varjat'akcihën (conditional conditional-i passive)
varjadat'akcisën (conditional conditional-i passive)
varjatticihën (conditional conditional-ii passive)
varjadatticisën (conditional conditional-ii passive)
varjattanëhën (passive potential)
varjadattanësën (passive potential)
varjadakcik (conditional conditional-i connegative)
varjacicik (conditional conditional-ii connegative)
varjannëk (connegative potential)
varjat'akcik (conditional conditional-i connegative passive)
varjadat'akcik (conditional conditional-i connegative passive)
varjatticik (conditional conditional-ii connegative passive)
varjadatticik (conditional conditional-ii connegative passive)
varjattanëk (connegative passive potential)
varjadattanëk (connegative passive potential)
varjat'ak (conditional conditional-i infinitive infinitive-i)
varjadapa (active participle present)
varjattapa (participle passive present)
varjadattaba (participle passive present)
varjattë- (conditional conditional-i infinitive infinitive-ii)
varjannut (active participle past)
varjattu (participle passive past)
varjadattu (participle passive past)
varjadama (conditional conditional-i gerund supine)
varjadaminen (conditional conditional-i noun-from-verb)

Estonian: varjama/varjata

→ Votic: varjõtõ (Jõgõperä)

Finnish: varjella

→? Karelian:

North Karelian: varjella

South Karelian: varjella

→ Northern Sami: várjalit

Votic: varjõllõ (Lempola)

Borrowed from Proto-Germanic *warjaną + *-t'ak.


rüpedäk

rüpe- (stem)
rüben (first-person present singular)
rübin (first-person past singular)
rüpegon (first-person optative singular)
rübet (present second-person singular)
rübit (past second-person singular)
rübek (imperative second-person singular)
rüpegos (optative second-person singular)
rüpebi (present singular third-person)
rüpi (present singular third-person)
rüpi (past singular third-person)
rüpegäsen (imperative singular third-person)
rüpegosen (optative singular third-person)
rübekmek (first-person plural present)
rübekmäk (first-person plural present)
rüpimek (first-person past plural)
rüpimäk (first-person past plural)
rüpegätemek (first-person imperative plural)
rüpegätämäk (first-person imperative plural)
rüpegotemek (first-person optative plural)
rüpegotämäk (first-person optative plural)
rübektek (plural present second-person)
rübektäk (plural present second-person)
rüpidek (past plural second-person)
rüpidäk (past plural second-person)
rüpegäte (imperative plural second-person)
rüpegätä (imperative plural second-person)
rüpegot'ek (optative plural second-person)
rüpegotädäk (optative plural second-person)
rüpebät (plural present third-person)
rüpi (plural present third-person)
rüpi (past plural third-person)
rüpegäsen (imperative plural third-person)
rüpegosen (optative plural third-person)
rübeksen (passive present)
rübet'äksen (passive present)
rüpedisen (passive past)
rübettisen (passive past)
rüpedäkähen (imperative passive)
rübettäkähen (imperative passive)
rüpedäkohen (optative passive)
rübettäkohen (optative passive)
rübek (connegative present)
rüpegäk (connegative imperative)
rüpegok (connegative optative)
rübektäk (connegative passive present)
rüpedägäk (connegative imperative passive)
rübettägäk (connegative imperative passive)
rüpedägok (connegative optative passive)
rübettägok (connegative optative passive)
rübekcin (conditional conditional-i first-person singular)
rüpicin (conditional conditional-ii first-person singular)
rüpenen (first-person potential singular)
rübekcit (conditional conditional-i second-person singular)
rüpicit (conditional conditional-ii second-person singular)
rüpenet (potential second-person singular)
rübekci (conditional conditional-i singular third-person)
rüpici (conditional conditional-ii singular third-person)
rüpeni (potential singular third-person)
rübekcimek (conditional conditional-i first-person plural)
rübekcimäk (conditional conditional-i first-person plural)
rüpicimek (conditional conditional-ii first-person plural)
rüpicimäk (conditional conditional-ii first-person plural)
rüpenemek (first-person plural potential)
rüpenemäk (first-person plural potential)
rübekcidek (conditional conditional-i plural second-person)
rübekcidäk (conditional conditional-i plural second-person)
rüpicidek (conditional conditional-ii plural second-person)
rüpicidäk (conditional conditional-ii plural second-person)
rüpenedek (plural potential second-person)
rüpenedäk (plural potential second-person)
rübekci (conditional conditional-i plural third-person)
rüpici (conditional conditional-ii plural third-person)
rüpeni (plural potential third-person)
rüpedäkcihen (conditional conditional-i passive)
rübet'äkcihen (conditional conditional-i passive)
rüpedicihen (conditional conditional-ii passive)
rübetticihen (conditional conditional-ii passive)
rüpedänehen (passive potential)
rübettänehen (passive potential)
rübekcik (conditional conditional-i connegative)
rüpicik (conditional conditional-ii connegative)
rüpenek (connegative potential)
rüpedäkcik (conditional conditional-i connegative passive)
rübet'äkcik (conditional conditional-i connegative passive)
rüpedicik (conditional conditional-ii connegative passive)
rübetticik (conditional conditional-ii connegative passive)
rüpedänek (connegative passive potential)
rübettänek (connegative passive potential)
rüpedäk (conditional conditional-i infinitive infinitive-i)
rüpebä (active participle present)
rüpedäpä (participle passive present)
rübettäpä (participle passive present)
rüpede- (conditional conditional-i infinitive infinitive-ii)
rüpenüt (active participle past)
rüpedü (participle passive past)
rübettü (participle passive past)
rüpemä (conditional conditional-i gerund supine)
rüpeminen (conditional conditional-i noun-from-verb)

Finnish: rypeä

Karelian:

North Karelian: rypie

South Karelian: rybie

Livvi: rybie

Ludian: rübödä

Estonian: rübelema/rübelda

Võro: rübelemä/rübeldäq

Ingrian: ⇒ ryvettyä

Votic: rüvete (Itšäpäivä, Mati)


kärtä

kärtä (nominative singular)
kärdät (nominative plural)
kärdän (accusative singular)
kärdät (accusative plural)
kärdän (genitive singular)
kärtäden (genitive plural)
kärteiden (genitive plural)
kärtädä (partitive singular)
kärteidä (partitive plural)
kärdässä (inessive singular)
kärdähnä (inessive singular)
kärdeissä (inessive plural)
kärdeihnä (inessive plural)
kärdästä (elative singular)
kärdeistä (elative plural)
kärtähen (illative singular)
kärteihen (illative plural)
kärdällä (adessive singular)
kärdeillä (adessive plural)
kärdältä (ablative singular)
kärdeiltä (ablative plural)
kärtälen (allative singular)
kärtälek (allative singular)
kärteilen (allative plural)
kärteilek (allative plural)
kärtänä (essive singular)
kärteinä (essive plural)
kärdäksi (singular translative)
kärdeiksi (plural translative)
kärdän (instructive singular)
kärdein (instructive plural)
kärtänek (comitative singular)
kärteinek (comitative plural)
kärdättä (abessive singular)
kärdeittä (abessive plural)

Estonian: (dialectal) kärd

desc

Finnish: ⇒ käry, (dialectal) kärty, kärtty

Võro: kärd


lëëko

Finnic (Northern)
lëëko (nominative singular)
lëëgot (nominative plural)
lëëgon (accusative singular)
lëëgot (accusative plural)
lëëgon (genitive singular)
lëëkodën (genitive plural)
lëëkoidën (genitive plural)
lëëkoda (partitive singular)
lëëkoida (partitive plural)
lëëgossa (inessive singular)
lëëgohna (inessive singular)
lëëgoissa (inessive plural)
lëëgoihna (inessive plural)
lëëgosta (elative singular)
lëëgoista (elative plural)
lëëkohën (illative singular)
lëëkoihën (illative plural)
lëëgolla (adessive singular)
lëëgoilla (adessive plural)
lëëgolta (ablative singular)
lëëgoilta (ablative plural)
lëëkolën (allative singular)
lëëkolëk (allative singular)
lëëkoilën (allative plural)
lëëkoilëk (allative plural)
lëëkona (essive singular)
lëëkoina (essive plural)
lëëgoksi (singular translative)
lëëgoiksi (plural translative)
lëëgon (instructive singular)
lëëgoin (instructive plural)
lëëkonëk (comitative singular)
lëëkoinëk (comitative plural)
lëëgotta (abessive singular)
lëëgoitta (abessive plural)

Finnish: lieko

Karelian:

North Karelian: lieka

Borrowed from Proto-Germanic *lēgō (whence Old Norse lág (“felled tree, log”)). Doublet of *lëëka and possibly also *laho.

fallen, rotten or waterlogged tree trunk


tok'ërtadak

tok'ërta- (stem)
tok'ërdan (first-person present singular)
tok'ërdoin (first-person past singular)
tok'ërtagon (first-person optative singular)
tok'ërdat (present second-person singular)
tok'ërdoit (past second-person singular)
tok'ërdak (imperative second-person singular)
tok'ërtagos (optative second-person singular)
tok'ërtapi (present singular third-person)
tok'ërta (present singular third-person)
tok'ërtoi (past singular third-person)
tok'ërtakahën (imperative singular third-person)
tok'ërtakohën (optative singular third-person)
tok'ërdakmëk (first-person plural present)
tok'ërdakmak (first-person plural present)
tok'ërtoimëk (first-person past plural)
tok'ërtoimak (first-person past plural)
tok'ërtakadëmëk (first-person imperative plural)
tok'ërtakadamak (first-person imperative plural)
tok'ërtakodëmëk (first-person optative plural)
tok'ërtakodamak (first-person optative plural)
tok'ërdaktëk (plural present second-person)
tok'ërdaktak (plural present second-person)
tok'ërtoidëk (past plural second-person)
tok'ërtoidak (past plural second-person)
tok'ërtakadë (imperative plural second-person)
tok'ërtakada (imperative plural second-person)
tok'ërtagot'ëk (optative plural second-person)
tok'ërtakodadak (optative plural second-person)
tok'ërtabat (plural present third-person)
tok'ërta (plural present third-person)
tok'ërtoi (past plural third-person)
tok'ërtakahën (imperative plural third-person)
tok'ërtakohën (optative plural third-person)
tok'ërdaksën (passive present)
tok'ërdat'aksën (passive present)
tok'ërtatihën (passive past)
tok'ërdattihën (passive past)
tok'ërtatagasën (imperative passive)
tok'ërdattagasën (imperative passive)
tok'ërtatagosën (optative passive)
tok'ërdattagosën (optative passive)
tok'ërdak (connegative present)
tok'ërtagak (connegative imperative)
tok'ërtagok (connegative optative)
tok'ërdaktak (connegative passive present)
tok'ërtatagak (connegative imperative passive)
tok'ërdattagak (connegative imperative passive)
tok'ërtatagok (connegative optative passive)
tok'ërdattagok (connegative optative passive)
tok'ërdakcin (conditional conditional-i first-person singular)
tok'ërtoicin (conditional conditional-ii first-person singular)
tok'ërtanën (first-person potential singular)
tok'ërdakcit (conditional conditional-i second-person singular)
tok'ërtoicit (conditional conditional-ii second-person singular)
tok'ërtanët (potential second-person singular)
tok'ërdakci (conditional conditional-i singular third-person)
tok'ërtoici (conditional conditional-ii singular third-person)
tok'ërtani (potential singular third-person)
tok'ërdakcimëk (conditional conditional-i first-person plural)
tok'ërdakcimak (conditional conditional-i first-person plural)
tok'ërtoicimëk (conditional conditional-ii first-person plural)
tok'ërtoicimak (conditional conditional-ii first-person plural)
tok'ërtanëmëk (first-person plural potential)
tok'ërtanëmak (first-person plural potential)
tok'ërdakcidëk (conditional conditional-i plural second-person)
tok'ërdakcidak (conditional conditional-i plural second-person)
tok'ërtoicidëk (conditional conditional-ii plural second-person)
tok'ërtoicidak (conditional conditional-ii plural second-person)
tok'ërtanëdëk (plural potential second-person)
tok'ërtanëdak (plural potential second-person)
tok'ërdakci (conditional conditional-i plural third-person)
tok'ërtoici (conditional conditional-ii plural third-person)
tok'ërtani (plural potential third-person)
tok'ërtadakcisën (conditional conditional-i passive)
tok'ërdat'akcisën (conditional conditional-i passive)
tok'ërtaticisën (conditional conditional-ii passive)
tok'ërdatticisën (conditional conditional-ii passive)
tok'ërtatanësën (passive potential)
tok'ërdattanësën (passive potential)
tok'ërdakcik (conditional conditional-i connegative)
tok'ërtoicik (conditional conditional-ii connegative)
tok'ërtanëk (connegative potential)
tok'ërtadakcik (conditional conditional-i connegative passive)
tok'ërdat'akcik (conditional conditional-i connegative passive)
tok'ërtaticik (conditional conditional-ii connegative passive)
tok'ërdatticik (conditional conditional-ii connegative passive)
tok'ërtatanëk (connegative passive potential)
tok'ërdattanëk (connegative passive potential)
tok'ërtadak (conditional conditional-i infinitive infinitive-i)
tok'ërtapa (active participle present)
tok'ërtataba (participle passive present)
tok'ërdattaba (participle passive present)
tok'ërtatë- (conditional conditional-i infinitive infinitive-ii)
tok'ërtanut (active participle past)
tok'ërtatu (participle passive past)
tok'ërdattu (participle passive past)
tok'ërtama (conditional conditional-i gerund supine)
tok'ërtaminen (conditional conditional-i noun-from-verb)

Estonian: tokerdama/tokerdada

Finnish: tokertaa

Võro: tokõrdama/tokõrdaq

to do something with difficulty or clumsily


përgat'ak

përkada- (stem)
përkadan (first-person present singular)
përkacin (first-person past singular)
përgatkon (first-person optative singular)
përkadat (present second-person singular)
përkacit (past second-person singular)
përkadak (imperative second-person singular)
përgatkos (optative second-person singular)
përkadapi (present singular third-person)
përgat (present singular third-person)
përkaci (past singular third-person)
përgatkasën (imperative singular third-person)
përgatkosën (optative singular third-person)
përkadakmëk (first-person plural present)
përkadakmak (first-person plural present)
përkacimëk (first-person past plural)
përkacimak (first-person past plural)
përgatkatëmëk (first-person imperative plural)
përgatkatamak (first-person imperative plural)
përgatkotëmëk (first-person optative plural)
përgatkotamak (first-person optative plural)
përkadaktëk (plural present second-person)
përkadaktak (plural present second-person)
përkacidëk (past plural second-person)
përkacidak (past plural second-person)
përgatkatë (imperative plural second-person)
përgatkata (imperative plural second-person)
përgatkot'ëk (optative plural second-person)
përgatkotadak (optative plural second-person)
përkadabat (plural present third-person)
përgat (plural present third-person)
përkaci (past plural third-person)
përgatkasën (imperative plural third-person)
përgatkosën (optative plural third-person)
përkadaksën (passive present)
përkadat'aksën (passive present)
përgattisën (passive past)
përkadattihën (passive past)
përgattakahën (imperative passive)
përkadattagasën (imperative passive)
përgattakohën (optative passive)
përkadattagosën (optative passive)
përkadak (connegative present)
përgatkak (connegative imperative)
përgatkok (connegative optative)
përkadaktak (connegative passive present)
përgattagak (connegative imperative passive)
përkadattagak (connegative imperative passive)
përgattagok (connegative optative passive)
përkadattagok (connegative optative passive)
përkadakcin (conditional conditional-i first-person singular)
përkacicin (conditional conditional-ii first-person singular)
përgannën (first-person potential singular)
përkadakcit (conditional conditional-i second-person singular)
përkacicit (conditional conditional-ii second-person singular)
përgannët (potential second-person singular)
përkadakci (conditional conditional-i singular third-person)
përkacici (conditional conditional-ii singular third-person)
përganni (potential singular third-person)
përkadakcimëk (conditional conditional-i first-person plural)
përkadakcimak (conditional conditional-i first-person plural)
përkacicimëk (conditional conditional-ii first-person plural)
përkacicimak (conditional conditional-ii first-person plural)
përgannëmëk (first-person plural potential)
përgannëmak (first-person plural potential)
përkadakcidëk (conditional conditional-i plural second-person)
përkadakcidak (conditional conditional-i plural second-person)
përkacicidëk (conditional conditional-ii plural second-person)
përkacicidak (conditional conditional-ii plural second-person)
përgannëdëk (plural potential second-person)
përgannëdak (plural potential second-person)
përkadakci (conditional conditional-i plural third-person)
përkacici (conditional conditional-ii plural third-person)
përganni (plural potential third-person)
përgat'akcihën (conditional conditional-i passive)
përkadat'akcisën (conditional conditional-i passive)
përgatticihën (conditional conditional-ii passive)
përkadatticisën (conditional conditional-ii passive)
përgattanëhën (passive potential)
përkadattanësën (passive potential)
përkadakcik (conditional conditional-i connegative)
përkacicik (conditional conditional-ii connegative)
përgannëk (connegative potential)
përgat'akcik (conditional conditional-i connegative passive)
përkadat'akcik (conditional conditional-i connegative passive)
përgatticik (conditional conditional-ii connegative passive)
përkadatticik (conditional conditional-ii connegative passive)
përgattanëk (connegative passive potential)
përkadattanëk (connegative passive potential)
përgat'ak (conditional conditional-i infinitive infinitive-i)
përkadapa (active participle present)
përgattapa (participle passive present)
përkadattaba (participle passive present)
përgattë- (conditional conditional-i infinitive infinitive-ii)
përgannut (active participle past)
përgattu (participle passive past)
përkadattu (participle passive past)
përkadama (conditional conditional-i gerund supine)
përkadaminen (conditional conditional-i noun-from-verb)

Estonian: (dialectal) põrgama/põrata

Finnish: perata

Ingrian: perata

Karelian:

North Karelian: perata, perkua

South Karelian: pergua

Livvi: pergua

Ludian: pergada

Unknown. Borrowing from Proto-Germanic *berganą is now considered unlikely. Appears to contain the suffix + *-t'ak.


airu-

Finnish: airut, (dialectal) airuu

Karelian:

North Karelian: (folk poetic) airivo, airut


tup'ëhtudak

tup'ëhtu- (stem)
Finnic (Northern)
tup'ëhtun (first-person present singular)
tup'ëhtuin (first-person past singular)
tup'ëhtugon (first-person optative singular)
tup'ëhtut (present second-person singular)
tup'ëhtuit (past second-person singular)
tup'ëhtuk (imperative second-person singular)
tup'ëhtugos (optative second-person singular)
tup'ëhtupi (present singular third-person)
tup'ëhtu (present singular third-person)
tup'ëhtui (past singular third-person)
tup'ëhtukahën (imperative singular third-person)
tup'ëhtukohën (optative singular third-person)
tup'ëhtukmëk (first-person plural present)
tup'ëhtukmak (first-person plural present)
tup'ëhtuimëk (first-person past plural)
tup'ëhtuimak (first-person past plural)
tup'ëhtukadëmëk (first-person imperative plural)
tup'ëhtukadamak (first-person imperative plural)
tup'ëhtukodëmëk (first-person optative plural)
tup'ëhtukodamak (first-person optative plural)
tup'ëhtuktëk (plural present second-person)
tup'ëhtuktak (plural present second-person)
tup'ëhtuidëk (past plural second-person)
tup'ëhtuidak (past plural second-person)
tup'ëhtukadë (imperative plural second-person)
tup'ëhtukada (imperative plural second-person)
tup'ëhtugot'ëk (optative plural second-person)
tup'ëhtukodadak (optative plural second-person)
tup'ëhtubat (plural present third-person)
tup'ëhtu (plural present third-person)
tup'ëhtui (past plural third-person)
tup'ëhtukahën (imperative plural third-person)
tup'ëhtukohën (optative plural third-person)
tup'ëhtuksën (passive present)
tup'ëhtut'aksën (passive present)
tup'ëhtutihën (passive past)
tup'ëhtuttihën (passive past)
tup'ëhtutagasën (imperative passive)
tup'ëhtuttagasën (imperative passive)
tup'ëhtutagosën (optative passive)
tup'ëhtuttagosën (optative passive)
tup'ëhtuk (connegative present)
tup'ëhtugak (connegative imperative)
tup'ëhtugok (connegative optative)
tup'ëhtuktak (connegative passive present)
tup'ëhtutagak (connegative imperative passive)
tup'ëhtuttagak (connegative imperative passive)
tup'ëhtutagok (connegative optative passive)
tup'ëhtuttagok (connegative optative passive)
tup'ëhtukcin (conditional conditional-i first-person singular)
tup'ëhtuicin (conditional conditional-ii first-person singular)
tup'ëhtunën (first-person potential singular)
tup'ëhtukcit (conditional conditional-i second-person singular)
tup'ëhtuicit (conditional conditional-ii second-person singular)
tup'ëhtunët (potential second-person singular)
tup'ëhtukci (conditional conditional-i singular third-person)
tup'ëhtuici (conditional conditional-ii singular third-person)
tup'ëhtuni (potential singular third-person)
tup'ëhtukcimëk (conditional conditional-i first-person plural)
tup'ëhtukcimak (conditional conditional-i first-person plural)
tup'ëhtuicimëk (conditional conditional-ii first-person plural)
tup'ëhtuicimak (conditional conditional-ii first-person plural)
tup'ëhtunëmëk (first-person plural potential)
tup'ëhtunëmak (first-person plural potential)
tup'ëhtukcidëk (conditional conditional-i plural second-person)
tup'ëhtukcidak (conditional conditional-i plural second-person)
tup'ëhtuicidëk (conditional conditional-ii plural second-person)
tup'ëhtuicidak (conditional conditional-ii plural second-person)
tup'ëhtunëdëk (plural potential second-person)
tup'ëhtunëdak (plural potential second-person)
tup'ëhtukci (conditional conditional-i plural third-person)
tup'ëhtuici (conditional conditional-ii plural third-person)
tup'ëhtuni (plural potential third-person)
tup'ëhtudakcisën (conditional conditional-i passive)
tup'ëhtut'akcisën (conditional conditional-i passive)
tup'ëhtuticisën (conditional conditional-ii passive)
tup'ëhtutticisën (conditional conditional-ii passive)
tup'ëhtutanësën (passive potential)
tup'ëhtuttanësën (passive potential)
tup'ëhtukcik (conditional conditional-i connegative)
tup'ëhtuicik (conditional conditional-ii connegative)
tup'ëhtunëk (connegative potential)
tup'ëhtudakcik (conditional conditional-i connegative passive)
tup'ëhtut'akcik (conditional conditional-i connegative passive)
tup'ëhtuticik (conditional conditional-ii connegative passive)
tup'ëhtutticik (conditional conditional-ii connegative passive)
tup'ëhtutanëk (connegative passive potential)
tup'ëhtuttanëk (connegative passive potential)
tup'ëhtudak (conditional conditional-i infinitive infinitive-i)
tup'ëhtupa (active participle present)
tup'ëhtutaba (participle passive present)
tup'ëhtuttaba (participle passive present)
tup'ëhtutë- (conditional conditional-i infinitive infinitive-ii)
tup'ëhtunut (active participle past)
tup'ëhtutu (participle passive past)
tup'ëhtuttu (participle passive past)
tup'ëhtuma (conditional conditional-i gerund supine)
tup'ëhtuminen (conditional conditional-i noun-from-verb)

Finnish: (dialectal) tupehtua

Karelian:

North Karelian: tupehtuo

South Karelian: tupehtuo

Livvi: tupehtuo

Ludian: tupehtuda

Veps: tupehtuda

Finnish: (dialectal) typehtyä

Karelian:

South Karelian: typehtyö

Livvi: typehtyö

Back-vowel variant of *tüp'ehtüdäk, derived from *tüppidäk.


vaidëldak

vaitëlë- (stem)
vaitëlën (first-person present singular)
vaitëlin (first-person past singular)
vaidëlgon (first-person optative singular)
vaitëlët (present second-person singular)
vaitëlit (past second-person singular)
vaitëlëk (imperative second-person singular)
vaidëlgos (optative second-person singular)
vaitëlëpi (present singular third-person)
vaidël (present singular third-person)
vaitëli (past singular third-person)
vaidëlkasën (imperative singular third-person)
vaidëlkosën (optative singular third-person)
vaitëlëkmëk (first-person plural present)
vaitëlëkmak (first-person plural present)
vaitëlimëk (first-person past plural)
vaitëlimak (first-person past plural)
vaidëlkatëmëk (first-person imperative plural)
vaidëlkatamak (first-person imperative plural)
vaidëlkotëmëk (first-person optative plural)
vaidëlkotamak (first-person optative plural)
vaitëlëktëk (plural present second-person)
vaitëlëktak (plural present second-person)
vaitëlidëk (past plural second-person)
vaitëlidak (past plural second-person)
vaidëlkatë (imperative plural second-person)
vaidëlkata (imperative plural second-person)
vaidëlgot'ëk (optative plural second-person)
vaidëlkotadak (optative plural second-person)
vaitëlëbat (plural present third-person)
vaidël (plural present third-person)
vaitëli (past plural third-person)
vaidëlkasën (imperative plural third-person)
vaidëlkosën (optative plural third-person)
vaitëlëksën (passive present)
vaitëlët'aksën (passive present)
vaidëltisën (passive past)
vaitëlëttihën (passive past)
vaidëltakahën (imperative passive)
vaitëlëttagasën (imperative passive)
vaidëltakohën (optative passive)
vaitëlëttagosën (optative passive)
vaitëlëk (connegative present)
vaidëlgak (connegative imperative)
vaidëlgok (connegative optative)
vaitëlëktak (connegative passive present)
vaidëltagak (connegative imperative passive)
vaitëlëttagak (connegative imperative passive)
vaidëltagok (connegative optative passive)
vaitëlëttagok (connegative optative passive)
vaitëlëkcin (conditional conditional-i first-person singular)
vaitëlicin (conditional conditional-ii first-person singular)
vaidëllën (first-person potential singular)
vaitëlëkcit (conditional conditional-i second-person singular)
vaitëlicit (conditional conditional-ii second-person singular)
vaidëllët (potential second-person singular)
vaitëlëkci (conditional conditional-i singular third-person)
vaitëlici (conditional conditional-ii singular third-person)
vaidëlli (potential singular third-person)
vaitëlëkcimëk (conditional conditional-i first-person plural)
vaitëlëkcimak (conditional conditional-i first-person plural)
vaitëlicimëk (conditional conditional-ii first-person plural)
vaitëlicimak (conditional conditional-ii first-person plural)
vaidëllëmëk (first-person plural potential)
vaidëllëmak (first-person plural potential)
vaitëlëkcidëk (conditional conditional-i plural second-person)
vaitëlëkcidak (conditional conditional-i plural second-person)
vaitëlicidëk (conditional conditional-ii plural second-person)
vaitëlicidak (conditional conditional-ii plural second-person)
vaidëllëdëk (plural potential second-person)
vaidëllëdak (plural potential second-person)
vaitëlëkci (conditional conditional-i plural third-person)
vaitëlici (conditional conditional-ii plural third-person)
vaidëlli (plural potential third-person)
vaidëldakcihën (conditional conditional-i passive)
vaitëlët'akcisën (conditional conditional-i passive)
vaidëlticihën (conditional conditional-ii passive)
vaitëlëtticisën (conditional conditional-ii passive)
vaidëltanëhën (passive potential)
vaitëlëttanësën (passive potential)
vaitëlëkcik (conditional conditional-i connegative)
vaitëlicik (conditional conditional-ii connegative)
vaidëllëk (connegative potential)
vaidëldakcik (conditional conditional-i connegative passive)
vaitëlët'akcik (conditional conditional-i connegative passive)
vaidëlticik (conditional conditional-ii connegative passive)
vaitëlëtticik (conditional conditional-ii connegative passive)
vaidëltanëk (connegative passive potential)
vaitëlëttanëk (connegative passive potential)
vaidëldak (conditional conditional-i infinitive infinitive-i)
vaitëlëpa (active participle present)
vaidëltapa (participle passive present)
vaitëlëttaba (participle passive present)
vaidëltë- (conditional conditional-i infinitive infinitive-ii)
vaidëllut (active participle past)
vaidëltu (participle passive past)
vaitëlëttu (participle passive past)
vaitëlëma (conditional conditional-i gerund supine)
vaitëlëminen (conditional conditional-i noun-from-verb)

Estonian: vaidlema/vaielda

Finnish: (dialectal) vaidella

Võro: vaidõlõma/vaiõldaq

Cognate with Proto-Samic *vājtētēk, both probably borrowed from Proto-Baltic [Term?] (whence Latvian vaids, Lithuanian vaidas (“argument, quarrel”)) + *-(ë)ldak.


pektädäk

pektä- (stem)
pektän (first-person present singular)
pektein (first-person past singular)
pektägon (first-person optative singular)
pektät (present second-person singular)
pekteit (past second-person singular)
pektäk (imperative second-person singular)
pektägos (optative second-person singular)
pektäbi (present singular third-person)
pektä (present singular third-person)
pektei (past singular third-person)
pektägäsen (imperative singular third-person)
pektägosen (optative singular third-person)
pektäkmek (first-person plural present)
pektäkmäk (first-person plural present)
pekteimek (first-person past plural)
pekteimäk (first-person past plural)
pektägätemek (first-person imperative plural)
pektägätämäk (first-person imperative plural)
pektägotemek (first-person optative plural)
pektägotämäk (first-person optative plural)
pektäktek (plural present second-person)
pektäktäk (plural present second-person)
pekteidek (past plural second-person)
pekteidäk (past plural second-person)
pektägäte (imperative plural second-person)
pektägätä (imperative plural second-person)
pektägot'ek (optative plural second-person)
pektägotädäk (optative plural second-person)
pektäbät (plural present third-person)
pektä (plural present third-person)
pektei (past plural third-person)
pektägäsen (imperative plural third-person)
pektägosen (optative plural third-person)
pektäksen (passive present)
pektät'äksen (passive present)
pektädisen (passive past)
pektättisen (passive past)
pektädäkähen (imperative passive)
pektättäkähen (imperative passive)
pektädäkohen (optative passive)
pektättäkohen (optative passive)
pektäk (connegative present)
pektägäk (connegative imperative)
pektägok (connegative optative)
pektäktäk (connegative passive present)
pektädägäk (connegative imperative passive)
pektättägäk (connegative imperative passive)
pektädägok (connegative optative passive)
pektättägok (connegative optative passive)
pektäkcin (conditional conditional-i first-person singular)
pekteicin (conditional conditional-ii first-person singular)
pektänen (first-person potential singular)
pektäkcit (conditional conditional-i second-person singular)
pekteicit (conditional conditional-ii second-person singular)
pektänet (potential second-person singular)
pektäkci (conditional conditional-i singular third-person)
pekteici (conditional conditional-ii singular third-person)
pektäni (potential singular third-person)
pektäkcimek (conditional conditional-i first-person plural)
pektäkcimäk (conditional conditional-i first-person plural)
pekteicimek (conditional conditional-ii first-person plural)
pekteicimäk (conditional conditional-ii first-person plural)
pektänemek (first-person plural potential)
pektänemäk (first-person plural potential)
pektäkcidek (conditional conditional-i plural second-person)
pektäkcidäk (conditional conditional-i plural second-person)
pekteicidek (conditional conditional-ii plural second-person)
pekteicidäk (conditional conditional-ii plural second-person)
pektänedek (plural potential second-person)
pektänedäk (plural potential second-person)
pektäkci (conditional conditional-i plural third-person)
pekteici (conditional conditional-ii plural third-person)
pektäni (plural potential third-person)
pektädäkcihen (conditional conditional-i passive)
pektät'äkcihen (conditional conditional-i passive)
pektädicihen (conditional conditional-ii passive)
pektätticihen (conditional conditional-ii passive)
pektädänehen (passive potential)
pektättänehen (passive potential)
pektäkcik (conditional conditional-i connegative)
pekteicik (conditional conditional-ii connegative)
pektänek (connegative potential)
pektädäkcik (conditional conditional-i connegative passive)
pektät'äkcik (conditional conditional-i connegative passive)
pektädicik (conditional conditional-ii connegative passive)
pektätticik (conditional conditional-ii connegative passive)
pektädänek (connegative passive potential)
pektättänek (connegative passive potential)
pektädäk (conditional conditional-i infinitive infinitive-i)
pektäbä (active participle present)
pektädäpä (participle passive present)
pektättäpä (participle passive present)
pektäde- (conditional conditional-i infinitive infinitive-ii)
pektänüt (active participle past)
pektädü (participle passive past)
pektättü (participle passive past)
pektämä (conditional conditional-i gerund supine)
pektäminen (conditional conditional-i noun-from-verb)

Estonian: ⇒ pett (“buttermilk”)

Finnish: ⇒ pettäjäiset (dialectal)

Ingrian: pettää

Karelian: ⇒

North Karelian: pettomaito (“buttermilk”)

South Karelian: pettomaido (“buttermilk”)

Livonian: ⇒ pietk (“buttermilk”)

Votic: ⇒ pettü (“buttermilk”)

Karelian:

South Karelian: pyöhtiä

Livvi: pyöhtiä

Ludian: püöhtädä

Veps: ⇒ pehtimaid (“buttermilk”)

From Proto-Finno-Permic *pektä- (“to churn”) (whence Erzya пивтемс (pivťems), Moksha пихтемс (pihťems)).


iukudak

iuku- (stem)
iugun (first-person present singular)
iuguin (first-person past singular)
iukugon (first-person optative singular)
iugut (present second-person singular)
iuguit (past second-person singular)
iuguk (imperative second-person singular)
iukugos (optative second-person singular)
iukubi (present singular third-person)
iuku (present singular third-person)
iukui (past singular third-person)
iukugasën (imperative singular third-person)
iukugosën (optative singular third-person)
iugukmëk (first-person plural present)
iugukmak (first-person plural present)
iukuimëk (first-person past plural)
iukuimak (first-person past plural)
iukugatëmëk (first-person imperative plural)
iukugatamak (first-person imperative plural)
iukugotëmëk (first-person optative plural)
iukugotamak (first-person optative plural)
iuguktëk (plural present second-person)
iuguktak (plural present second-person)
iukuidëk (past plural second-person)
iukuidak (past plural second-person)
iukugatë (imperative plural second-person)
iukugata (imperative plural second-person)
iukugot'ëk (optative plural second-person)
iukugotadak (optative plural second-person)
iukubat (plural present third-person)
iuku (plural present third-person)
iukui (past plural third-person)
iukugasën (imperative plural third-person)
iukugosën (optative plural third-person)
iuguksën (passive present)
iugut'aksën (passive present)
iukudisën (passive past)
iuguttisën (passive past)
iukudakahën (imperative passive)
iuguttakahën (imperative passive)
iukudakohën (optative passive)
iuguttakohën (optative passive)
iuguk (connegative present)
iukugak (connegative imperative)
iukugok (connegative optative)
iuguktak (connegative passive present)
iukudagak (connegative imperative passive)
iuguttagak (connegative imperative passive)
iukudagok (connegative optative passive)
iuguttagok (connegative optative passive)
iugukcin (conditional conditional-i first-person singular)
iukuicin (conditional conditional-ii first-person singular)
iukunën (first-person potential singular)
iugukcit (conditional conditional-i second-person singular)
iukuicit (conditional conditional-ii second-person singular)
iukunët (potential second-person singular)
iugukci (conditional conditional-i singular third-person)
iukuici (conditional conditional-ii singular third-person)
iukuni (potential singular third-person)
iugukcimëk (conditional conditional-i first-person plural)
iugukcimak (conditional conditional-i first-person plural)
iukuicimëk (conditional conditional-ii first-person plural)
iukuicimak (conditional conditional-ii first-person plural)
iukunëmëk (first-person plural potential)
iukunëmak (first-person plural potential)
iugukcidëk (conditional conditional-i plural second-person)
iugukcidak (conditional conditional-i plural second-person)
iukuicidëk (conditional conditional-ii plural second-person)
iukuicidak (conditional conditional-ii plural second-person)
iukunëdëk (plural potential second-person)
iukunëdak (plural potential second-person)
iugukci (conditional conditional-i plural third-person)
iukuici (conditional conditional-ii plural third-person)
iukuni (plural potential third-person)
iukudakcihën (conditional conditional-i passive)
iugut'akcihën (conditional conditional-i passive)
iukudicihën (conditional conditional-ii passive)
iugutticihën (conditional conditional-ii passive)
iukudanëhën (passive potential)
iuguttanëhën (passive potential)
iugukcik (conditional conditional-i connegative)
iukuicik (conditional conditional-ii connegative)
iukunëk (connegative potential)
iukudakcik (conditional conditional-i connegative passive)
iugut'akcik (conditional conditional-i connegative passive)
iukudicik (conditional conditional-ii connegative passive)
iugutticik (conditional conditional-ii connegative passive)
iukudanëk (connegative passive potential)
iuguttanëk (connegative passive potential)
iukudak (conditional conditional-i infinitive infinitive-i)
iukuba (active participle present)
iukudapa (participle passive present)
iuguttapa (participle passive present)
iukudë- (conditional conditional-i infinitive infinitive-ii)
iukunut (active participle past)
iukudu (participle passive past)
iuguttu (participle passive past)
iukuma (conditional conditional-i gerund supine)
iukuminen (conditional conditional-i noun-from-verb)

Finnish: (dialectal) iukua

Karelian:

North Karelian: iukuo

Finnish: (dialectal) iukkia

Karelian:

South Karelian: iukkua

>? Livonian: i’ukõ

Livvi: iukkua

Võro: iukõlõma/iugõldaq


kerägä

kerägä (nominative singular)
kerägät (nominative plural)
kerägän (accusative singular)
kerägät (accusative plural)
kerägän (genitive singular)
kerägäden (genitive plural)
kerägeiden (genitive plural)
kerägätä (partitive singular)
kerägeitä (partitive plural)
kerägässä (inessive singular)
kerägähnä (inessive singular)
kerägeissä (inessive plural)
kerägeihnä (inessive plural)
kerägästä (elative singular)
kerägeistä (elative plural)
kerägäsen (illative singular)
kerägeisen (illative plural)
kerägällä (adessive singular)
kerägeillä (adessive plural)
kerägältä (ablative singular)
kerägeiltä (ablative plural)
kerägälen (allative singular)
kerägälek (allative singular)
kerägeilen (allative plural)
kerägeilek (allative plural)
kerägänä (essive singular)
kerägeinä (essive plural)
kerägäksi (singular translative)
kerägeiksi (plural translative)
kerägän (instructive singular)
kerägein (instructive plural)
kerägänek (comitative singular)
kerägeinek (comitative plural)
kerägättä (abessive singular)
kerägeittä (abessive plural)

Estonian: (obsolete) kära

Finnish: käräjät pl, (archaic, dialectal) keräjät pl

→ Estonian: kärajad pl

→ Northern Sami: gearrit

Ingrian: keräjät pl

Karelian:

South Karelian: keräjä

Livvi: ⇒ kerähmö

Ludian: kerag

Veps: kerag

Probably from *kerät'äk (“to gather, collect”) + *-gä.


jooksu

jooksu (nominative singular)
jooksut (nominative plural)
jooksun (accusative singular)
jooksut (accusative plural)
jooksun (genitive singular)
jooksudën (genitive plural)
jooksuidën (genitive plural)
jooksuda (partitive singular)
jooksuida (partitive plural)
jooksussa (inessive singular)
jooksuhna (inessive singular)
jooksuissa (inessive plural)
jooksuihna (inessive plural)
jooksusta (elative singular)
jooksuista (elative plural)
jooksuhën (illative singular)
jooksuihën (illative plural)
jooksulla (adessive singular)
jooksuilla (adessive plural)
jooksulta (ablative singular)
jooksuilta (ablative plural)
jooksulën (allative singular)
jooksulëk (allative singular)
jooksuilën (allative plural)
jooksuilëk (allative plural)
jooksuna (essive singular)
jooksuina (essive plural)
jooksuksi (singular translative)
jooksuiksi (plural translative)
jooksun (instructive singular)
jooksuin (instructive plural)
jooksunëk (comitative singular)
jooksuinëk (comitative plural)
jooksutta (abessive singular)
jooksuitta (abessive plural)

Estonian: jooks

Finnish: juoksu

Ingrian: jooksu

Karelian:

North Karelian: juoksu

South Karelian: juoksu

Livonian: jūokš

Livvi: juoksu

Võro: juusk

Votic: johsu


uurtadak

uurta- (stem)
uurdan (first-person present singular)
uurdëin (first-person past singular)
uurtagon (first-person optative singular)
uurdat (present second-person singular)
uurdëit (past second-person singular)
uurdak (imperative second-person singular)
uurtagos (optative second-person singular)
uurtabi (present singular third-person)
uurta (present singular third-person)
uurtëi (past singular third-person)
uurtagasën (imperative singular third-person)
uurtagosën (optative singular third-person)
uurdakmëk (first-person plural present)
uurdakmak (first-person plural present)
uurtëimëk (first-person past plural)
uurtëimak (first-person past plural)
uurtagatëmëk (first-person imperative plural)
uurtagatamak (first-person imperative plural)
uurtagotëmëk (first-person optative plural)
uurtagotamak (first-person optative plural)
uurdaktëk (plural present second-person)
uurdaktak (plural present second-person)
uurtëidëk (past plural second-person)
uurtëidak (past plural second-person)
uurtagatë (imperative plural second-person)
uurtagata (imperative plural second-person)
uurtagot'ëk (optative plural second-person)
uurtagotadak (optative plural second-person)
uurtabat (plural present third-person)
uurta (plural present third-person)
uurtëi (past plural third-person)
uurtagasën (imperative plural third-person)
uurtagosën (optative plural third-person)
uurdaksën (passive present)
uurdat'aksën (passive present)
uurtadisën (passive past)
uurdattisën (passive past)
uurtadakahën (imperative passive)
uurdattakahën (imperative passive)
uurtadakohën (optative passive)
uurdattakohën (optative passive)
uurdak (connegative present)
uurtagak (connegative imperative)
uurtagok (connegative optative)
uurdaktak (connegative passive present)
uurtadagak (connegative imperative passive)
uurdattagak (connegative imperative passive)
uurtadagok (connegative optative passive)
uurdattagok (connegative optative passive)
uurdakcin (conditional conditional-i first-person singular)
uurtëicin (conditional conditional-ii first-person singular)
uurtanën (first-person potential singular)
uurdakcit (conditional conditional-i second-person singular)
uurtëicit (conditional conditional-ii second-person singular)
uurtanët (potential second-person singular)
uurdakci (conditional conditional-i singular third-person)
uurtëici (conditional conditional-ii singular third-person)
uurtani (potential singular third-person)
uurdakcimëk (conditional conditional-i first-person plural)
uurdakcimak (conditional conditional-i first-person plural)
uurtëicimëk (conditional conditional-ii first-person plural)
uurtëicimak (conditional conditional-ii first-person plural)
uurtanëmëk (first-person plural potential)
uurtanëmak (first-person plural potential)
uurdakcidëk (conditional conditional-i plural second-person)
uurdakcidak (conditional conditional-i plural second-person)
uurtëicidëk (conditional conditional-ii plural second-person)
uurtëicidak (conditional conditional-ii plural second-person)
uurtanëdëk (plural potential second-person)
uurtanëdak (plural potential second-person)
uurdakci (conditional conditional-i plural third-person)
uurtëici (conditional conditional-ii plural third-person)
uurtani (plural potential third-person)
uurtadakcihën (conditional conditional-i passive)
uurdat'akcihën (conditional conditional-i passive)
uurtadicihën (conditional conditional-ii passive)
uurdatticihën (conditional conditional-ii passive)
uurtadanëhën (passive potential)
uurdattanëhën (passive potential)
uurdakcik (conditional conditional-i connegative)
uurtëicik (conditional conditional-ii connegative)
uurtanëk (connegative potential)
uurtadakcik (conditional conditional-i connegative passive)
uurdat'akcik (conditional conditional-i connegative passive)
uurtadicik (conditional conditional-ii connegative passive)
uurdatticik (conditional conditional-ii connegative passive)
uurtadanëk (connegative passive potential)
uurdattanëk (connegative passive potential)
uurtadak (conditional conditional-i infinitive infinitive-i)
uurtaba (active participle present)
uurtadapa (participle passive present)
uurdattapa (participle passive present)
uurtadë- (conditional conditional-i infinitive infinitive-ii)
uurtanut (active participle past)
uurtadu (participle passive past)
uurdattu (participle passive past)
uurtama (conditional conditional-i gerund supine)
uurtaminen (conditional conditional-i noun-from-verb)

Estonian: ⇒ uurima/uurida

Finnish: uurtaa

→ Inari Sami: urdeđ

Karelian:

North Karelian: uurtua

South Karelian: uurdua

Livvi: uurdua

Ludian: uurtta

Veps: urda

Võro: uurdma/uurdaq

Votic: uurtaa (Kattila, Pummala)

Possibly derived from *ura or Proto-Finno-Permic *owre (“groove”).


kastudak

kastu- (stem)
kastun (first-person present singular)
kastuin (first-person past singular)
kastugon (first-person optative singular)
kastut (present second-person singular)
kastuit (past second-person singular)
kastuk (imperative second-person singular)
kastugos (optative second-person singular)
kastubi (present singular third-person)
kastu (present singular third-person)
kastui (past singular third-person)
kastugasën (imperative singular third-person)
kastugosën (optative singular third-person)
kastukmëk (first-person plural present)
kastukmak (first-person plural present)
kastuimëk (first-person past plural)
kastuimak (first-person past plural)
kastugatëmëk (first-person imperative plural)
kastugatamak (first-person imperative plural)
kastugotëmëk (first-person optative plural)
kastugotamak (first-person optative plural)
kastuktëk (plural present second-person)
kastuktak (plural present second-person)
kastuidëk (past plural second-person)
kastuidak (past plural second-person)
kastugatë (imperative plural second-person)
kastugata (imperative plural second-person)
kastugot'ëk (optative plural second-person)
kastugotadak (optative plural second-person)
kastubat (plural present third-person)
kastu (plural present third-person)
kastui (past plural third-person)
kastugasën (imperative plural third-person)
kastugosën (optative plural third-person)
kastuksën (passive present)
kastut'aksën (passive present)
kastudisën (passive past)
kastuttisën (passive past)
kastudakahën (imperative passive)
kastuttakahën (imperative passive)
kastudakohën (optative passive)
kastuttakohën (optative passive)
kastuk (connegative present)
kastugak (connegative imperative)
kastugok (connegative optative)
kastuktak (connegative passive present)
kastudagak (connegative imperative passive)
kastuttagak (connegative imperative passive)
kastudagok (connegative optative passive)
kastuttagok (connegative optative passive)
kastukcin (conditional conditional-i first-person singular)
kastuicin (conditional conditional-ii first-person singular)
kastunën (first-person potential singular)
kastukcit (conditional conditional-i second-person singular)
kastuicit (conditional conditional-ii second-person singular)
kastunët (potential second-person singular)
kastukci (conditional conditional-i singular third-person)
kastuici (conditional conditional-ii singular third-person)
kastuni (potential singular third-person)
kastukcimëk (conditional conditional-i first-person plural)
kastukcimak (conditional conditional-i first-person plural)
kastuicimëk (conditional conditional-ii first-person plural)
kastuicimak (conditional conditional-ii first-person plural)
kastunëmëk (first-person plural potential)
kastunëmak (first-person plural potential)
kastukcidëk (conditional conditional-i plural second-person)
kastukcidak (conditional conditional-i plural second-person)
kastuicidëk (conditional conditional-ii plural second-person)
kastuicidak (conditional conditional-ii plural second-person)
kastunëdëk (plural potential second-person)
kastunëdak (plural potential second-person)
kastukci (conditional conditional-i plural third-person)
kastuici (conditional conditional-ii plural third-person)
kastuni (plural potential third-person)
kastudakcihën (conditional conditional-i passive)
kastut'akcihën (conditional conditional-i passive)
kastudicihën (conditional conditional-ii passive)
kastutticihën (conditional conditional-ii passive)
kastudanëhën (passive potential)
kastuttanëhën (passive potential)
kastukcik (conditional conditional-i connegative)
kastuicik (conditional conditional-ii connegative)
kastunëk (connegative potential)
kastudakcik (conditional conditional-i connegative passive)
kastut'akcik (conditional conditional-i connegative passive)
kastudicik (conditional conditional-ii connegative passive)
kastutticik (conditional conditional-ii connegative passive)
kastudanëk (connegative passive potential)
kastuttanëk (connegative passive potential)
kastudak (conditional conditional-i infinitive infinitive-i)
kastuba (active participle present)
kastudapa (participle passive present)
kastuttapa (participle passive present)
kastudë- (conditional conditional-i infinitive infinitive-ii)
kastunut (active participle past)
kastudu (participle passive past)
kastuttu (participle passive past)
kastuma (conditional conditional-i gerund supine)
kastuminen (conditional conditional-i noun-from-verb)

Estonian: (dialectal) kastuma/kastuda

Finnish: kastua

Ingrian: kastua

Karelian:

North Karelian: kastuo

South Karelian: kastuo

Livvi: kastuo

Ludian: kastuda

Veps: kastuda

Votic: kassua


ürki

ürki (nominative singular)
ürget (nominative plural)
ürgen (accusative singular)
ürget (accusative plural)
ürgen (genitive singular)
ürkeden (genitive plural)
ürkiden (genitive plural)
ürkedä (partitive singular)
ürkidä (partitive plural)
ürgessä (inessive singular)
ürgehnä (inessive singular)
ürgissä (inessive plural)
ürgihnä (inessive plural)
ürgestä (elative singular)
ürgistä (elative plural)
ürkehen (illative singular)
ürkihen (illative plural)
ürgellä (adessive singular)
ürgillä (adessive plural)
ürgeltä (ablative singular)
ürgiltä (ablative plural)
ürkelen (allative singular)
ürkelek (allative singular)
ürkilen (allative plural)
ürkilek (allative plural)
ürkenä (essive singular)
ürkinä (essive plural)
ürgeksi (singular translative)
ürgiksi (plural translative)
ürgen (instructive singular)
ürgin (instructive plural)
ürkenek (comitative singular)
ürkinek (comitative plural)
ürgettä (abessive singular)
ürgittä (abessive plural)

Estonian: (archaic, dialectal) ürg, ⇒ ürgama

Finnish: (obsolete) yrki

Ingrian: yren

Livonian: irg


virkedä

virkedä (nominative singular)
virkedät (nominative plural)
virkedän (accusative singular)
virkedät (accusative plural)
virkedän (genitive singular)
virkedäden (genitive plural)
virkedeiden (genitive plural)
virkedätä (partitive singular)
virkedeitä (partitive plural)
virkedässä (inessive singular)
virkedähnä (inessive singular)
virkedeissä (inessive plural)
virkedeihnä (inessive plural)
virkedästä (elative singular)
virkedeistä (elative plural)
virkedäsen (illative singular)
virkedeisen (illative plural)
virkedällä (adessive singular)
virkedeillä (adessive plural)
virkedältä (ablative singular)
virkedeiltä (ablative plural)
virkedälen (allative singular)
virkedälek (allative singular)
virkedeilen (allative plural)
virkedeilek (allative plural)
virkedänä (essive singular)
virkedeinä (essive plural)
virkedäksi (singular translative)
virkedeiksi (plural translative)
virkedän (instructive singular)
virkedein (instructive plural)
virkedänek (comitative singular)
virkedeinek (comitative plural)
virkedättä (abessive singular)
virkedeittä (abessive plural)

Estonian: virge

Finnish: virkeä

Livonian: ⇒ virgzi

Võro: virgõ

*virke- + *-edä. Cognate with Proto-Samic *vërkë.


kostudak

kostu- (stem)
kostun (first-person present singular)
kostuin (first-person past singular)
kostugon (first-person optative singular)
kostut (present second-person singular)
kostuit (past second-person singular)
kostuk (imperative second-person singular)
kostugos (optative second-person singular)
kostubi (present singular third-person)
kostu (present singular third-person)
kostui (past singular third-person)
kostugasën (imperative singular third-person)
kostugosën (optative singular third-person)
kostukmëk (first-person plural present)
kostukmak (first-person plural present)
kostuimëk (first-person past plural)
kostuimak (first-person past plural)
kostugatëmëk (first-person imperative plural)
kostugatamak (first-person imperative plural)
kostugotëmëk (first-person optative plural)
kostugotamak (first-person optative plural)
kostuktëk (plural present second-person)
kostuktak (plural present second-person)
kostuidëk (past plural second-person)
kostuidak (past plural second-person)
kostugatë (imperative plural second-person)
kostugata (imperative plural second-person)
kostugot'ëk (optative plural second-person)
kostugotadak (optative plural second-person)
kostubat (plural present third-person)
kostu (plural present third-person)
kostui (past plural third-person)
kostugasën (imperative plural third-person)
kostugosën (optative plural third-person)
kostuksën (passive present)
kostut'aksën (passive present)
kostudisën (passive past)
kostuttisën (passive past)
kostudakahën (imperative passive)
kostuttakahën (imperative passive)
kostudakohën (optative passive)
kostuttakohën (optative passive)
kostuk (connegative present)
kostugak (connegative imperative)
kostugok (connegative optative)
kostuktak (connegative passive present)
kostudagak (connegative imperative passive)
kostuttagak (connegative imperative passive)
kostudagok (connegative optative passive)
kostuttagok (connegative optative passive)
kostukcin (conditional conditional-i first-person singular)
kostuicin (conditional conditional-ii first-person singular)
kostunën (first-person potential singular)
kostukcit (conditional conditional-i second-person singular)
kostuicit (conditional conditional-ii second-person singular)
kostunët (potential second-person singular)
kostukci (conditional conditional-i singular third-person)
kostuici (conditional conditional-ii singular third-person)
kostuni (potential singular third-person)
kostukcimëk (conditional conditional-i first-person plural)
kostukcimak (conditional conditional-i first-person plural)
kostuicimëk (conditional conditional-ii first-person plural)
kostuicimak (conditional conditional-ii first-person plural)
kostunëmëk (first-person plural potential)
kostunëmak (first-person plural potential)
kostukcidëk (conditional conditional-i plural second-person)
kostukcidak (conditional conditional-i plural second-person)
kostuicidëk (conditional conditional-ii plural second-person)
kostuicidak (conditional conditional-ii plural second-person)
kostunëdëk (plural potential second-person)
kostunëdak (plural potential second-person)
kostukci (conditional conditional-i plural third-person)
kostuici (conditional conditional-ii plural third-person)
kostuni (plural potential third-person)
kostudakcihën (conditional conditional-i passive)
kostut'akcihën (conditional conditional-i passive)
kostudicihën (conditional conditional-ii passive)
kostutticihën (conditional conditional-ii passive)
kostudanëhën (passive potential)
kostuttanëhën (passive potential)
kostukcik (conditional conditional-i connegative)
kostuicik (conditional conditional-ii connegative)
kostunëk (connegative potential)
kostudakcik (conditional conditional-i connegative passive)
kostut'akcik (conditional conditional-i connegative passive)
kostudicik (conditional conditional-ii connegative passive)
kostutticik (conditional conditional-ii connegative passive)
kostudanëk (connegative passive potential)
kostuttanëk (connegative passive potential)
kostudak (conditional conditional-i infinitive infinitive-i)
kostuba (active participle present)
kostudapa (participle passive present)
kostuttapa (participle passive present)
kostudë- (conditional conditional-i infinitive infinitive-ii)
kostunut (active participle past)
kostudu (participle passive past)
kostuttu (participle passive past)
kostuma (conditional conditional-i gerund supine)
kostuminen (conditional conditional-i noun-from-verb)

Estonian: kostuma/kostuda (“to thaw”)

Finnish: kostua (“to get moist/damp/wet”)

→ Inari Sami: kostâđ

→ Northern Sami: goastat

Karelian:

North Karelian: kostuo (“to get moist/damp/wet”)

South Karelian: kostuo (“to get moist/damp/wet”)

Livonian: kuostõ (“to improve, get better”)

Livvi: kostuo (“to get moist/damp/wet”)

Veps: kostuda (“to thaw”)

Võro: kostuma/kostudaq (“to thaw”)

Probably from *kostadak (“to turn back”) + *-udak.


väijüdäk

väijü- (stem)
väijün (first-person present singular)
väijüin (first-person past singular)
väijügon (first-person optative singular)
väijüt (present second-person singular)
väijüit (past second-person singular)
väijük (imperative second-person singular)
väijügos (optative second-person singular)
väijübi (present singular third-person)
väijü (present singular third-person)
väijüi (past singular third-person)
väijügäsen (imperative singular third-person)
väijügosen (optative singular third-person)
väijükmek (first-person plural present)
väijükmäk (first-person plural present)
väijüimek (first-person past plural)
väijüimäk (first-person past plural)
väijügätemek (first-person imperative plural)
väijügätämäk (first-person imperative plural)
väijügotemek (first-person optative plural)
väijügotämäk (first-person optative plural)
väijüktek (plural present second-person)
väijüktäk (plural present second-person)
väijüidek (past plural second-person)
väijüidäk (past plural second-person)
väijügäte (imperative plural second-person)
väijügätä (imperative plural second-person)
väijügot'ek (optative plural second-person)
väijügotädäk (optative plural second-person)
väijübät (plural present third-person)
väijü (plural present third-person)
väijüi (past plural third-person)
väijügäsen (imperative plural third-person)
väijügosen (optative plural third-person)
väijüksen (passive present)
väijüt'äksen (passive present)
väijüdisen (passive past)
väijüttisen (passive past)
väijüdäkähen (imperative passive)
väijüttäkähen (imperative passive)
väijüdäkohen (optative passive)
väijüttäkohen (optative passive)
väijük (connegative present)
väijügäk (connegative imperative)
väijügok (connegative optative)
väijüktäk (connegative passive present)
väijüdägäk (connegative imperative passive)
väijüttägäk (connegative imperative passive)
väijüdägok (connegative optative passive)
väijüttägok (connegative optative passive)
väijükcin (conditional conditional-i first-person singular)
väijüicin (conditional conditional-ii first-person singular)
väijünen (first-person potential singular)
väijükcit (conditional conditional-i second-person singular)
väijüicit (conditional conditional-ii second-person singular)
väijünet (potential second-person singular)
väijükci (conditional conditional-i singular third-person)
väijüici (conditional conditional-ii singular third-person)
väijüni (potential singular third-person)
väijükcimek (conditional conditional-i first-person plural)
väijükcimäk (conditional conditional-i first-person plural)
väijüicimek (conditional conditional-ii first-person plural)
väijüicimäk (conditional conditional-ii first-person plural)
väijünemek (first-person plural potential)
väijünemäk (first-person plural potential)
väijükcidek (conditional conditional-i plural second-person)
väijükcidäk (conditional conditional-i plural second-person)
väijüicidek (conditional conditional-ii plural second-person)
väijüicidäk (conditional conditional-ii plural second-person)
väijünedek (plural potential second-person)
väijünedäk (plural potential second-person)
väijükci (conditional conditional-i plural third-person)
väijüici (conditional conditional-ii plural third-person)
väijüni (plural potential third-person)
väijüdäkcihen (conditional conditional-i passive)
väijüt'äkcihen (conditional conditional-i passive)
väijüdicihen (conditional conditional-ii passive)
väijütticihen (conditional conditional-ii passive)
väijüdänehen (passive potential)
väijüttänehen (passive potential)
väijükcik (conditional conditional-i connegative)
väijüicik (conditional conditional-ii connegative)
väijünek (connegative potential)
väijüdäkcik (conditional conditional-i connegative passive)
väijüt'äkcik (conditional conditional-i connegative passive)
väijüdicik (conditional conditional-ii connegative passive)
väijütticik (conditional conditional-ii connegative passive)
väijüdänek (connegative passive potential)
väijüttänek (connegative passive potential)
väijüdäk (conditional conditional-i infinitive infinitive-i)
väijübä (active participle present)
väijüdäpä (participle passive present)
väijüttäpä (participle passive present)
väijüde- (conditional conditional-i infinitive infinitive-ii)
väijünüt (active participle past)
väijüdü (participle passive past)
väijüttü (participle passive past)
väijümä (conditional conditional-i gerund supine)
väijüminen (conditional conditional-i noun-from-verb)

Finnish: väijyä

Livonian: ve’jjõ


rüppi

rüppi (nominative singular)
rüp'et (nominative plural)
rüp'en (accusative singular)
rüp'et (accusative plural)
rüp'en (genitive singular)
rüppeden (genitive plural)
rüppiden (genitive plural)
rüppedä (partitive singular)
rüppidä (partitive plural)
rüp'essä (inessive singular)
rüp'ehnä (inessive singular)
rüp'issä (inessive plural)
rüp'ihnä (inessive plural)
rüp'estä (elative singular)
rüp'istä (elative plural)
rüppehen (illative singular)
rüppihen (illative plural)
rüp'ellä (adessive singular)
rüp'illä (adessive plural)
rüp'eltä (ablative singular)
rüp'iltä (ablative plural)
rüppelen (allative singular)
rüppelek (allative singular)
rüppilen (allative plural)
rüppilek (allative plural)
rüppenä (essive singular)
rüppinä (essive plural)
rüp'eksi (singular translative)
rüp'iksi (plural translative)
rüp'en (instructive singular)
rüp'in (instructive plural)
rüppenek (comitative singular)
rüppinek (comitative plural)
rüp'että (abessive singular)
rüp'ittä (abessive plural)

Estonian: rüpp

Livonian: rip

Finnish: ryppy

Ingrian: ryppy

Võro: rüpp

Votic: rüppü

Estonian: (dialectal) rupp

Finnish: (dialectal, rare) ⇒ ruppu

Karelian:

North Karelian: ruppi

South Karelian: ruppi

Livvi: ruppi

Ludian: rupp

Veps: ⇒ rupišk

Võro: rupp'


tunttaba

The consonant-stem present passive participle of *tuntëdak, equivalent roughly to *tuntëdak + *-ttaba.


tunttaba

tunttaba (nominative singular)
tunttabat (nominative plural)
tunttaban (accusative singular)
tunttabat (accusative plural)
tunttaban (genitive singular)
tunttabadën (genitive plural)
tunttaboidën (genitive plural)
tunttabata (partitive singular)
tunttaboita (partitive plural)
tunttabassa (inessive singular)
tunttabahna (inessive singular)
tunttaboissa (inessive plural)
tunttaboihna (inessive plural)
tunttabasta (elative singular)
tunttaboista (elative plural)
tunttabasën (illative singular)
tunttaboisën (illative plural)
tunttaballa (adessive singular)
tunttaboilla (adessive plural)
tunttabalta (ablative singular)
tunttaboilta (ablative plural)
tunttabalën (allative singular)
tunttabalëk (allative singular)
tunttaboilën (allative plural)
tunttaboilëk (allative plural)
tunttabana (essive singular)
tunttaboina (essive plural)
tunttabaksi (singular translative)
tunttaboiksi (plural translative)
tunttaban (instructive singular)
tunttaboin (instructive plural)
tunttabanëk (comitative singular)
tunttaboinëk (comitative plural)
tunttabatta (abessive singular)
tunttaboitta (abessive plural)

Estonian: tuttav

Finnish: tuttava

Ingrian: tuttava

Karelian:

North Karelian: tuttava

South Karelian: tuttava

Livonian: tundtõb

Livvi: tuttavu, tuttav

Ludian: tuttav, tuttab

Veps: tutab

Võro: tutva

Votic: tuttõvõ


vajëltadak

vajëlta- (stem)
vajëldan (first-person present singular)
vajëldoin (first-person past singular)
vajëltagon (first-person optative singular)
vajëldat (present second-person singular)
vajëldoit (past second-person singular)
vajëldak (imperative second-person singular)
vajëltagos (optative second-person singular)
vajëltapi (present singular third-person)
vajëlta (present singular third-person)
vajëltoi (past singular third-person)
vajëltakahën (imperative singular third-person)
vajëltakohën (optative singular third-person)
vajëldakmëk (first-person plural present)
vajëldakmak (first-person plural present)
vajëltoimëk (first-person past plural)
vajëltoimak (first-person past plural)
vajëltakadëmëk (first-person imperative plural)
vajëltakadamak (first-person imperative plural)
vajëltakodëmëk (first-person optative plural)
vajëltakodamak (first-person optative plural)
vajëldaktëk (plural present second-person)
vajëldaktak (plural present second-person)
vajëltoidëk (past plural second-person)
vajëltoidak (past plural second-person)
vajëltakadë (imperative plural second-person)
vajëltakada (imperative plural second-person)
vajëltagot'ëk (optative plural second-person)
vajëltakodadak (optative plural second-person)
vajëltabat (plural present third-person)
vajëlta (plural present third-person)
vajëltoi (past plural third-person)
vajëltakahën (imperative plural third-person)
vajëltakohën (optative plural third-person)
vajëldaksën (passive present)
vajëldat'aksën (passive present)
vajëltatihën (passive past)
vajëldattihën (passive past)
vajëltatagasën (imperative passive)
vajëldattagasën (imperative passive)
vajëltatagosën (optative passive)
vajëldattagosën (optative passive)
vajëldak (connegative present)
vajëltagak (connegative imperative)
vajëltagok (connegative optative)
vajëldaktak (connegative passive present)
vajëltatagak (connegative imperative passive)
vajëldattagak (connegative imperative passive)
vajëltatagok (connegative optative passive)
vajëldattagok (connegative optative passive)
vajëldakcin (conditional conditional-i first-person singular)
vajëltoicin (conditional conditional-ii first-person singular)
vajëltanën (first-person potential singular)
vajëldakcit (conditional conditional-i second-person singular)
vajëltoicit (conditional conditional-ii second-person singular)
vajëltanët (potential second-person singular)
vajëldakci (conditional conditional-i singular third-person)
vajëltoici (conditional conditional-ii singular third-person)
vajëltani (potential singular third-person)
vajëldakcimëk (conditional conditional-i first-person plural)
vajëldakcimak (conditional conditional-i first-person plural)
vajëltoicimëk (conditional conditional-ii first-person plural)
vajëltoicimak (conditional conditional-ii first-person plural)
vajëltanëmëk (first-person plural potential)
vajëltanëmak (first-person plural potential)
vajëldakcidëk (conditional conditional-i plural second-person)
vajëldakcidak (conditional conditional-i plural second-person)
vajëltoicidëk (conditional conditional-ii plural second-person)
vajëltoicidak (conditional conditional-ii plural second-person)
vajëltanëdëk (plural potential second-person)
vajëltanëdak (plural potential second-person)
vajëldakci (conditional conditional-i plural third-person)
vajëltoici (conditional conditional-ii plural third-person)
vajëltani (plural potential third-person)
vajëltadakcisën (conditional conditional-i passive)
vajëldat'akcisën (conditional conditional-i passive)
vajëltaticisën (conditional conditional-ii passive)
vajëldatticisën (conditional conditional-ii passive)
vajëltatanësën (passive potential)
vajëldattanësën (passive potential)
vajëldakcik (conditional conditional-i connegative)
vajëltoicik (conditional conditional-ii connegative)
vajëltanëk (connegative potential)
vajëltadakcik (conditional conditional-i connegative passive)
vajëldat'akcik (conditional conditional-i connegative passive)
vajëltaticik (conditional conditional-ii connegative passive)
vajëldatticik (conditional conditional-ii connegative passive)
vajëltatanëk (connegative passive potential)
vajëldattanëk (connegative passive potential)
vajëltadak (conditional conditional-i infinitive infinitive-i)
vajëltapa (active participle present)
vajëltataba (participle passive present)
vajëldattaba (participle passive present)
vajëltatë- (conditional conditional-i infinitive infinitive-ii)
vajëltanut (active participle past)
vajëltatu (participle passive past)
vajëldattu (participle passive past)
vajëltama (conditional conditional-i gerund supine)
vajëltaminen (conditional conditional-i noun-from-verb)

Estonian: (dialectal) vaeldama/vaeldada

Finnish: vaeltaa, (dialectal) vajeltaa

Karelian:

North Karelian: vajeltua

Võro: vaeldama/vaeldaq

Votic: vajõlta


sujudak

suju- (stem)
sujun (first-person present singular)
sujuin (first-person past singular)
sujugon (first-person optative singular)
sujut (present second-person singular)
sujuit (past second-person singular)
sujuk (imperative second-person singular)
sujugos (optative second-person singular)
sujubi (present singular third-person)
suju (present singular third-person)
sujui (past singular third-person)
sujugasën (imperative singular third-person)
sujugosën (optative singular third-person)
sujukmëk (first-person plural present)
sujukmak (first-person plural present)
sujuimëk (first-person past plural)
sujuimak (first-person past plural)
sujugatëmëk (first-person imperative plural)
sujugatamak (first-person imperative plural)
sujugotëmëk (first-person optative plural)
sujugotamak (first-person optative plural)
sujuktëk (plural present second-person)
sujuktak (plural present second-person)
sujuidëk (past plural second-person)
sujuidak (past plural second-person)
sujugatë (imperative plural second-person)
sujugata (imperative plural second-person)
sujugot'ëk (optative plural second-person)
sujugotadak (optative plural second-person)
sujubat (plural present third-person)
suju (plural present third-person)
sujui (past plural third-person)
sujugasën (imperative plural third-person)
sujugosën (optative plural third-person)
sujuksën (passive present)
sujut'aksën (passive present)
sujudisën (passive past)
sujuttisën (passive past)
sujudakahën (imperative passive)
sujuttakahën (imperative passive)
sujudakohën (optative passive)
sujuttakohën (optative passive)
sujuk (connegative present)
sujugak (connegative imperative)
sujugok (connegative optative)
sujuktak (connegative passive present)
sujudagak (connegative imperative passive)
sujuttagak (connegative imperative passive)
sujudagok (connegative optative passive)
sujuttagok (connegative optative passive)
sujukcin (conditional conditional-i first-person singular)
sujuicin (conditional conditional-ii first-person singular)
sujunën (first-person potential singular)
sujukcit (conditional conditional-i second-person singular)
sujuicit (conditional conditional-ii second-person singular)
sujunët (potential second-person singular)
sujukci (conditional conditional-i singular third-person)
sujuici (conditional conditional-ii singular third-person)
sujuni (potential singular third-person)
sujukcimëk (conditional conditional-i first-person plural)
sujukcimak (conditional conditional-i first-person plural)
sujuicimëk (conditional conditional-ii first-person plural)
sujuicimak (conditional conditional-ii first-person plural)
sujunëmëk (first-person plural potential)
sujunëmak (first-person plural potential)
sujukcidëk (conditional conditional-i plural second-person)
sujukcidak (conditional conditional-i plural second-person)
sujuicidëk (conditional conditional-ii plural second-person)
sujuicidak (conditional conditional-ii plural second-person)
sujunëdëk (plural potential second-person)
sujunëdak (plural potential second-person)
sujukci (conditional conditional-i plural third-person)
sujuici (conditional conditional-ii plural third-person)
sujuni (plural potential third-person)
sujudakcihën (conditional conditional-i passive)
sujut'akcihën (conditional conditional-i passive)
sujudicihën (conditional conditional-ii passive)
sujutticihën (conditional conditional-ii passive)
sujudanëhën (passive potential)
sujuttanëhën (passive potential)
sujukcik (conditional conditional-i connegative)
sujuicik (conditional conditional-ii connegative)
sujunëk (connegative potential)
sujudakcik (conditional conditional-i connegative passive)
sujut'akcik (conditional conditional-i connegative passive)
sujudicik (conditional conditional-ii connegative passive)
sujutticik (conditional conditional-ii connegative passive)
sujudanëk (connegative passive potential)
sujuttanëk (connegative passive potential)
sujudak (conditional conditional-i infinitive infinitive-i)
sujuba (active participle present)
sujudapa (participle passive present)
sujuttapa (participle passive present)
sujudë- (conditional conditional-i infinitive infinitive-ii)
sujunut (active participle past)
sujudu (participle passive past)
sujuttu (participle passive past)
sujuma (conditional conditional-i gerund supine)
sujuminen (conditional conditional-i noun-from-verb)

Finnish: sujua

Karelian:

North Karelian: sujuo

Cognate with Proto-Samic *sojëtēk, further origin unknown.


tuntudak

tuntu- (stem)
tundun (first-person present singular)
tunduin (first-person past singular)
tuntugon (first-person optative singular)
tundut (present second-person singular)
tunduit (past second-person singular)
tunduk (imperative second-person singular)
tuntugos (optative second-person singular)
tuntubi (present singular third-person)
tuntu (present singular third-person)
tuntui (past singular third-person)
tuntugasën (imperative singular third-person)
tuntugosën (optative singular third-person)
tundukmëk (first-person plural present)
tundukmak (first-person plural present)
tuntuimëk (first-person past plural)
tuntuimak (first-person past plural)
tuntugatëmëk (first-person imperative plural)
tuntugatamak (first-person imperative plural)
tuntugotëmëk (first-person optative plural)
tuntugotamak (first-person optative plural)
tunduktëk (plural present second-person)
tunduktak (plural present second-person)
tuntuidëk (past plural second-person)
tuntuidak (past plural second-person)
tuntugatë (imperative plural second-person)
tuntugata (imperative plural second-person)
tuntugot'ëk (optative plural second-person)
tuntugotadak (optative plural second-person)
tuntubat (plural present third-person)
tuntu (plural present third-person)
tuntui (past plural third-person)
tuntugasën (imperative plural third-person)
tuntugosën (optative plural third-person)
tunduksën (passive present)
tundut'aksën (passive present)
tuntudisën (passive past)
tunduttisën (passive past)
tuntudakahën (imperative passive)
tunduttakahën (imperative passive)
tuntudakohën (optative passive)
tunduttakohën (optative passive)
tunduk (connegative present)
tuntugak (connegative imperative)
tuntugok (connegative optative)
tunduktak (connegative passive present)
tuntudagak (connegative imperative passive)
tunduttagak (connegative imperative passive)
tuntudagok (connegative optative passive)
tunduttagok (connegative optative passive)
tundukcin (conditional conditional-i first-person singular)
tuntuicin (conditional conditional-ii first-person singular)
tuntunën (first-person potential singular)
tundukcit (conditional conditional-i second-person singular)
tuntuicit (conditional conditional-ii second-person singular)
tuntunët (potential second-person singular)
tundukci (conditional conditional-i singular third-person)
tuntuici (conditional conditional-ii singular third-person)
tuntuni (potential singular third-person)
tundukcimëk (conditional conditional-i first-person plural)
tundukcimak (conditional conditional-i first-person plural)
tuntuicimëk (conditional conditional-ii first-person plural)
tuntuicimak (conditional conditional-ii first-person plural)
tuntunëmëk (first-person plural potential)
tuntunëmak (first-person plural potential)
tundukcidëk (conditional conditional-i plural second-person)
tundukcidak (conditional conditional-i plural second-person)
tuntuicidëk (conditional conditional-ii plural second-person)
tuntuicidak (conditional conditional-ii plural second-person)
tuntunëdëk (plural potential second-person)
tuntunëdak (plural potential second-person)
tundukci (conditional conditional-i plural third-person)
tuntuici (conditional conditional-ii plural third-person)
tuntuni (plural potential third-person)
tuntudakcihën (conditional conditional-i passive)
tundut'akcihën (conditional conditional-i passive)
tuntudicihën (conditional conditional-ii passive)
tundutticihën (conditional conditional-ii passive)
tuntudanëhën (passive potential)
tunduttanëhën (passive potential)
tundukcik (conditional conditional-i connegative)
tuntuicik (conditional conditional-ii connegative)
tuntunëk (connegative potential)
tuntudakcik (conditional conditional-i connegative passive)
tundut'akcik (conditional conditional-i connegative passive)
tuntudicik (conditional conditional-ii connegative passive)
tundutticik (conditional conditional-ii connegative passive)
tuntudanëk (connegative passive potential)
tunduttanëk (connegative passive potential)
tuntudak (conditional conditional-i infinitive infinitive-i)
tuntuba (active participle present)
tuntudapa (participle passive present)
tunduttapa (participle passive present)
tuntudë- (conditional conditional-i infinitive infinitive-ii)
tuntunut (active participle past)
tuntudu (participle passive past)
tunduttu (participle passive past)
tuntuma (conditional conditional-i gerund supine)
tuntuminen (conditional conditional-i noun-from-verb)

Estonian: tunduma/tunduda

Finnish: tuntua

Ingrian: tuntua

Karelian:

North Karelian: tuntuo

South Karelian: tunduo

Livvi: tunduo

Ludian: tunduda

Veps: tunduda

Võro: tunduma/tundudaq

Votic: tuntua


voohla

voohla (nominative singular)
voohlat (nominative plural)
voohlan (accusative singular)
voohlat (accusative plural)
voohlan (genitive singular)
voohladën (genitive plural)
voohlëidën (genitive plural)
voohlada (partitive singular)
voohlëida (partitive plural)
voohlassa (inessive singular)
voohlahna (inessive singular)
voohlëissa (inessive plural)
voohlëihna (inessive plural)
voohlasta (elative singular)
voohlëista (elative plural)
voohlahën (illative singular)
voohlëihën (illative plural)
voohlalla (adessive singular)
voohlëilla (adessive plural)
voohlalta (ablative singular)
voohlëilta (ablative plural)
voohlalën (allative singular)
voohlalëk (allative singular)
voohlëilën (allative plural)
voohlëilëk (allative plural)
voohlana (essive singular)
voohlëina (essive plural)
voohlaksi (singular translative)
voohlëiksi (plural translative)
voohlan (instructive singular)
voohlëin (instructive plural)
voohlanëk (comitative singular)
voohlëinëk (comitative plural)
voohlatta (abessive singular)
voohlëitta (abessive plural)

Estonian: vohl

Finnish: vohla

Possibly from earlier *woošëla and borrowed from Proto-Baltic [Term?] (whence Lithuanian oželis), or alternatively, possibly derived from *voohi + *-la.


tippudak

tippu- (stem)
Finnic (Northern)
tip'un (first-person present singular)
tip'uin (first-person past singular)
tippugon (first-person optative singular)
tip'ut (present second-person singular)
tip'uit (past second-person singular)
tip'uk (imperative second-person singular)
tippugos (optative second-person singular)
tippubi (present singular third-person)
tippu (present singular third-person)
tippui (past singular third-person)
tippugasën (imperative singular third-person)
tippugosën (optative singular third-person)
tip'ukmëk (first-person plural present)
tip'ukmak (first-person plural present)
tippuimëk (first-person past plural)
tippuimak (first-person past plural)
tippugatëmëk (first-person imperative plural)
tippugatamak (first-person imperative plural)
tippugotëmëk (first-person optative plural)
tippugotamak (first-person optative plural)
tip'uktëk (plural present second-person)
tip'uktak (plural present second-person)
tippuidëk (past plural second-person)
tippuidak (past plural second-person)
tippugatë (imperative plural second-person)
tippugata (imperative plural second-person)
tippugot'ëk (optative plural second-person)
tippugotadak (optative plural second-person)
tippubat (plural present third-person)
tippu (plural present third-person)
tippui (past plural third-person)
tippugasën (imperative plural third-person)
tippugosën (optative plural third-person)
tip'uksën (passive present)
tip'ut'aksën (passive present)
tippudisën (passive past)
tip'uttisën (passive past)
tippudakahën (imperative passive)
tip'uttakahën (imperative passive)
tippudakohën (optative passive)
tip'uttakohën (optative passive)
tip'uk (connegative present)
tippugak (connegative imperative)
tippugok (connegative optative)
tip'uktak (connegative passive present)
tippudagak (connegative imperative passive)
tip'uttagak (connegative imperative passive)
tippudagok (connegative optative passive)
tip'uttagok (connegative optative passive)
tip'ukcin (conditional conditional-i first-person singular)
tippuicin (conditional conditional-ii first-person singular)
tippunën (first-person potential singular)
tip'ukcit (conditional conditional-i second-person singular)
tippuicit (conditional conditional-ii second-person singular)
tippunët (potential second-person singular)
tip'ukci (conditional conditional-i singular third-person)
tippuici (conditional conditional-ii singular third-person)
tippuni (potential singular third-person)
tip'ukcimëk (conditional conditional-i first-person plural)
tip'ukcimak (conditional conditional-i first-person plural)
tippuicimëk (conditional conditional-ii first-person plural)
tippuicimak (conditional conditional-ii first-person plural)
tippunëmëk (first-person plural potential)
tippunëmak (first-person plural potential)
tip'ukcidëk (conditional conditional-i plural second-person)
tip'ukcidak (conditional conditional-i plural second-person)
tippuicidëk (conditional conditional-ii plural second-person)
tippuicidak (conditional conditional-ii plural second-person)
tippunëdëk (plural potential second-person)
tippunëdak (plural potential second-person)
tip'ukci (conditional conditional-i plural third-person)
tippuici (conditional conditional-ii plural third-person)
tippuni (plural potential third-person)
tippudakcihën (conditional conditional-i passive)
tip'ut'akcihën (conditional conditional-i passive)
tippudicihën (conditional conditional-ii passive)
tip'utticihën (conditional conditional-ii passive)
tippudanëhën (passive potential)
tip'uttanëhën (passive potential)
tip'ukcik (conditional conditional-i connegative)
tippuicik (conditional conditional-ii connegative)
tippunëk (connegative potential)
tippudakcik (conditional conditional-i connegative passive)
tip'ut'akcik (conditional conditional-i connegative passive)
tippudicik (conditional conditional-ii connegative passive)
tip'utticik (conditional conditional-ii connegative passive)
tippudanëk (connegative passive potential)
tip'uttanëk (connegative passive potential)
tippudak (conditional conditional-i infinitive infinitive-i)
tippuba (active participle present)
tippudapa (participle passive present)
tip'uttapa (participle passive present)
tippudë- (conditional conditional-i infinitive infinitive-ii)
tippunut (active participle past)
tippudu (participle passive past)
tip'uttu (participle passive past)
tippuma (conditional conditional-i gerund supine)
tippuminen (conditional conditional-i noun-from-verb)

Finnish: tippua

Ingrian: tippua

Karelian:

North Karelian: tippuo

South Karelian: tippuo

Livvi: tippuo

Ludian: tippuda

Veps: tippuda


kärmäs

kärmäs (nominative singular)
kärmähet (nominative plural)
kärmähen (accusative singular)
kärmähet (accusative plural)
kärmähen (genitive singular)
kärmästen (genitive plural)
kärmähiden (genitive plural)
kärmästä (partitive singular)
kärmähitä (partitive plural)
kärmähessä (inessive singular)
kärmähehnä (inessive singular)
kärmähissä (inessive plural)
kärmähihnä (inessive plural)
kärmähestä (elative singular)
kärmähistä (elative plural)
kärmähesen (illative singular)
kärmähisen (illative plural)
kärmähellä (adessive singular)
kärmähillä (adessive plural)
kärmäheltä (ablative singular)
kärmähiltä (ablative plural)
kärmähelen (allative singular)
kärmähelek (allative singular)
kärmähilen (allative plural)
kärmähilek (allative plural)
kärmässä (essive singular)
kärmähinä (essive plural)
kärmäheksi (singular translative)
kärmähiksi (plural translative)
kärmähen (instructive singular)
kärmähin (instructive plural)
kärmässek (comitative singular)
kärmähinek (comitative plural)
kärmähettä (abessive singular)
kärmähittä (abessive plural)

Estonian: kärmas

Võro: kärmäs

Estonian: kärme

Finnish: (dialectal, rare) kärmeä

Probably derived from *kärmeh (“snake”).


apjo

apjo (nominative singular)
apjot (nominative plural)
apjon (accusative singular)
apjot (accusative plural)
apjon (genitive singular)
apjodën (genitive plural)
apjoidën (genitive plural)
apjoda (partitive singular)
apjoida (partitive plural)
apjossa (inessive singular)
apjohna (inessive singular)
apjoissa (inessive plural)
apjoihna (inessive plural)
apjosta (elative singular)
apjoista (elative plural)
apjohën (illative singular)
apjoihën (illative plural)
apjolla (adessive singular)
apjoilla (adessive plural)
apjolta (ablative singular)
apjoilta (ablative plural)
apjolën (allative singular)
apjolëk (allative singular)
apjoilën (allative plural)
apjoilëk (allative plural)
apjona (essive singular)
apjoina (essive plural)
apjoksi (singular translative)
apjoiksi (plural translative)
apjon (instructive singular)
apjoin (instructive plural)
apjonëk (comitative singular)
apjoinëk (comitative plural)
apjotta (abessive singular)
apjoitta (abessive plural)

Estonian: abi- (in compound: abielu) (+ elu)

Finnish: avio

Ingrian: aivoi- (in compound: aivoinaine)

Livonian: a’b- (in compound: a’bjelāmi)

Võro: abi- (in compound: abielo) (+ elo)

Unknown. The Finnish word has in the past been compared with the root *ava (compare Finnish avoin (“open”), avata (“to open”)) and Proto-Germanic *aiwǭ, *aiwaz (“law, custom”) (compare Old English ǣw, æ (“law, marriage, ceremony”) and Old High German ēwa (“law, marriage”)). However, neither of these theories can be reconciled with a *-pj-. Another supposed Germanic source is Proto-Germanic *aiwjō (compare *hiwją > *hipjä), but this is not certain either.