parmas

parmas (nominative singular)
parmahët (nominative plural)
parmahën (accusative singular)
parmahët (accusative plural)
parmahën (genitive singular)
parmastën (genitive plural)
parmahidën (genitive plural)
parmasta (partitive singular)
parmahita (partitive plural)
parmahëssa (inessive singular)
parmahëhna (inessive singular)
parmahissa (inessive plural)
parmahihna (inessive plural)
parmahësta (elative singular)
parmahista (elative plural)
parmahësën (illative singular)
parmahisën (illative plural)
parmahëlla (adessive singular)
parmahilla (adessive plural)
parmahëlta (ablative singular)
parmahilta (ablative plural)
parmahëlën (allative singular)
parmahëlëk (allative singular)
parmahilën (allative plural)
parmahilëk (allative plural)
parmassa (essive singular)
parmahina (essive plural)
parmahëksi (singular translative)
parmahiksi (plural translative)
parmahën (instructive singular)
parmahin (instructive plural)
parmassëk (comitative singular)
parmahinëk (comitative plural)
parmahëtta (abessive singular)
parmahitta (abessive plural)

Estonian: (dialectal) parmas

Finnish: parmas

Ingrian: parmas

Karelian: parmas

Votic: (Lempola) parmaz, parma


hirci

hirci (nominative singular)
hirdet (nominative plural)
hirden (accusative singular)
hirdet (accusative plural)
hirden (genitive singular)
hirteden (genitive plural)
hirciden (genitive plural)
hirtedä (partitive singular)
hircidä (partitive plural)
hirdessä (inessive singular)
hirdehnä (inessive singular)
hircissä (inessive plural)
hircihnä (inessive plural)
hirdestä (elative singular)
hircistä (elative plural)
hirtehen (illative singular)
hircihen (illative plural)
hirdellä (adessive singular)
hircillä (adessive plural)
hirdeltä (ablative singular)
hirciltä (ablative plural)
hirtelen (allative singular)
hirtelek (allative singular)
hircilen (allative plural)
hircilek (allative plural)
hirtenä (essive singular)
hircinä (essive plural)
hirdeksi (singular translative)
hirciksi (plural translative)
hirden (instructive singular)
hircin (instructive plural)
hirtenek (comitative singular)
hircinek (comitative plural)
hirdettä (abessive singular)
hircittä (abessive plural)

Estonian: hirs

Finnish: hirsi

→ Lule Sami: hirssa

→ Northern Sami: hirsa

→ Inari Sami: hirsâ

→ Skolt Sami: hirss

Ingrian: hersi

Karelian:

North Karelian: hirši

South Karelian: hirži

Võro: hirs'

Votic: irsi

From earlier *širti, borrowed from Proto-Slavic *žьrdь, whence Russian жердь (žerdʹ).


äges

äges (nominative singular)
äkehet (nominative plural)
äkehen (accusative singular)
äkehet (accusative plural)
äkehen (genitive singular)
ägesten (genitive plural)
äkehiden (genitive plural)
ägestä (partitive singular)
äkehitä (partitive plural)
äkehessä (inessive singular)
äkehehnä (inessive singular)
äkehissä (inessive plural)
äkehihnä (inessive plural)
äkehestä (elative singular)
äkehistä (elative plural)
äkehesen (illative singular)
äkehisen (illative plural)
äkehellä (adessive singular)
äkehillä (adessive plural)
äkeheltä (ablative singular)
äkehiltä (ablative plural)
äkehelen (allative singular)
äkehelek (allative singular)
äkehilen (allative plural)
äkehilek (allative plural)
ägessä (essive singular)
äkehinä (essive plural)
äkeheksi (singular translative)
äkehiksi (plural translative)
äkehen (instructive singular)
äkehin (instructive plural)
ägessek (comitative singular)
äkehinek (comitative plural)
äkehettä (abessive singular)
äkehittä (abessive plural)

Estonian: äke

Finnish: äes

Livonian: ä’ggõz

Ludian: ägez

Veps: ägez

Võro: ? äkl'

Votic: äez

→ Komi-Zyrian: агас (agas)

Probably borrowed either from Baltic (compare Lithuanian akečios) or from Proto-Germanic *agiþō; in either case the ultimate origin would be Proto-Indo-European *h₂oḱ-et-eh₂, from *h₂eḱ- (“sharp”).


-nta

Finnish: -nta


-nta

Finnish: -nta

According to SKRK, from the same origin as *-nci.


-nta

Estonian: -nt

Finnish: -nta

Ingrian: -nt

Formed from *-na (essive suffix) + *-ta (partitive suffix), perhaps by analogy with *-lta, *-sta.


saira

Estonian: saere

Veps: (Southern) sairud

desc

Finnish: saivare, saivar, (dialectal) saivara, saivari

Ingrian: saivar

Karelian:

North Karelian: šaivar

South Karelian: saivar, čaivoi

⇒ Livvi: čaivoi

Ludian: saivar

Veps: saivar'

Votic: saivõr, saivõrõ


raippa

Finnic (Northern)
raippa (nominative singular)
raip'at (nominative plural)
raip'an (accusative singular)
raip'at (accusative plural)
raip'an (genitive singular)
raippadën (genitive plural)
raippoidën (genitive plural)
raippada (partitive singular)
raippoida (partitive plural)
raip'assa (inessive singular)
raip'ahna (inessive singular)
raip'oissa (inessive plural)
raip'oihna (inessive plural)
raip'asta (elative singular)
raip'oista (elative plural)
raippahën (illative singular)
raippoihën (illative plural)
raip'alla (adessive singular)
raip'oilla (adessive plural)
raip'alta (ablative singular)
raip'oilta (ablative plural)
raippalën (allative singular)
raippalëk (allative singular)
raippoilën (allative plural)
raippoilëk (allative plural)
raippana (essive singular)
raippoina (essive plural)
raip'aksi (singular translative)
raip'oiksi (plural translative)
raip'an (instructive singular)
raip'oin (instructive plural)
raippanëk (comitative singular)
raippoinëk (comitative plural)
raip'atta (abessive singular)
raip'oitta (abessive plural)

Finnish: raippa

Karelian:

North Karelian: raippa

South Karelian: raippa

Livvi: raippu (“hit, blow”)

Ludian: ⇒ raipaiduz (“lumbago”)

Borrowed from Proto-Norse [script needed] (*raipaʀ), from Proto-Germanic *raipaz.


mahi

mahi (nominative singular)
mahit (nominative plural)
mahin (accusative singular)
mahit (accusative plural)
mahin (genitive singular)
mahidën (genitive plural)
mahëjidën (genitive plural)
mahida (partitive singular)
mahëjita (partitive plural)
mahissa (inessive singular)
mahihna (inessive singular)
mahëjissa (inessive plural)
mahëjihna (inessive plural)
mahista (elative singular)
mahëjista (elative plural)
mahihën (illative singular)
mahëjisën (illative plural)
mahilla (adessive singular)
mahëjilla (adessive plural)
mahilta (ablative singular)
mahëjilta (ablative plural)
mahilën (allative singular)
mahilëk (allative singular)
mahëjilën (allative plural)
mahëjilëk (allative plural)
mahina (essive singular)
mahëjina (essive plural)
mahiksi (singular translative)
mahëjiksi (plural translative)
mahin (instructive singular)
mahëjin (instructive plural)
mahinëk (comitative singular)
mahëjinëk (comitative plural)
mahitta (abessive singular)
mahëjitta (abessive plural)

Estonian: (dialectal) mahi

Finnish: (dialectal) mahi

Ingrian: mahi

Karelian:

North Karelian: ⇒ mahie (“to rot”)


haja-

haja (nominative singular)
hajat (nominative plural)
hajan (accusative singular)
hajat (accusative plural)
hajan (genitive singular)
hajadën (genitive plural)
hajoidën (genitive plural)
hajada (partitive singular)
hajoida (partitive plural)
hajassa (inessive singular)
hajahna (inessive singular)
hajoissa (inessive plural)
hajoihna (inessive plural)
hajasta (elative singular)
hajoista (elative plural)
hajahën (illative singular)
hajoihën (illative plural)
hajalla (adessive singular)
hajoilla (adessive plural)
hajalta (ablative singular)
hajoilta (ablative plural)
hajalën (allative singular)
hajalëk (allative singular)
hajoilën (allative plural)
hajoilëk (allative plural)
hajana (essive singular)
hajoina (essive plural)
hajaksi (singular translative)
hajoiksi (plural translative)
hajan (instructive singular)
hajoin (instructive plural)
hajanëk (comitative singular)
hajoinëk (comitative plural)
hajatta (abessive singular)
hajoitta (abessive plural)

⇒ Estonian: hajuma

Finnish: haja-, ⇒ hajallaan

⇒ Ingrian: haijoissa

Karelian:

North Karelian: ⇒ hajallah

South Karelian: ⇒ hajallah

⇒ Livvi: hajallah

⇒ Ludian: hajeta, hajota, hajottada

⇒ Veps: hajeta

⇒ Võro: hajoma, hajonõma

Probably borrowed from Proto-Germanic *sājan-, *sēaną (compare Gothic 𐍃𐌰𐌹𐌰𐌽 (saian), Swedish så).


möö

me (nominative plural)
möö (nominative plural)
medet (accusative plural)
meidet (accusative plural)
meden (genitive plural)
meiden (genitive plural)
meitä (partitive plural)
meissä (inessive plural)
meihnä (inessive plural)
meistä (elative plural)
meisen (illative plural)
meillä (adessive plural)
meiltä (ablative plural)
meilen (allative plural)
meilek (allative plural)
meinä (essive plural)
meiksi (plural translative)
mein (instructive plural)
meinek (comitative plural)
meittä (abessive plural)

Finnish: myö (dialectal)

Ingrian: möö

Karelian:

North Karelian: myö

South Karelian: myö

Livvi: myö

Ludian: müö

Veps: mö

Votic: müü, möö


jäärä

jäärä (nominative singular)
jäärät (nominative plural)
jäärän (accusative singular)
jäärät (accusative plural)
jäärän (genitive singular)
jääräden (genitive plural)
jääreiden (genitive plural)
jäärädä (partitive singular)
jääreidä (partitive plural)
jäärässä (inessive singular)
jäärähnä (inessive singular)
jääreissä (inessive plural)
jääreihnä (inessive plural)
jäärästä (elative singular)
jääreistä (elative plural)
jäärähen (illative singular)
jääreihen (illative plural)
jäärällä (adessive singular)
jääreillä (adessive plural)
jäärältä (ablative singular)
jääreiltä (ablative plural)
jäärälen (allative singular)
jäärälek (allative singular)
jääreilen (allative plural)
jääreilek (allative plural)
jääränä (essive singular)
jääreinä (essive plural)
jääräksi (singular translative)
jääreiksi (plural translative)
jäärän (instructive singular)
jäärein (instructive plural)
jääränek (comitative singular)
jääreinek (comitative plural)
jäärättä (abessive singular)
jääreittä (abessive plural)

Estonian: jäär

Finnish: jäärä

→ Karelian: jeärä

Livonian: ⇒ jǭsõ

Võro: jäär (Mulgi)

Estonian: (dialectal) jääras

Võro: ⇒ jääräs (Mulgi)

Borrowed either from Proto-Baltic *jēras (whence Latvian jērs, Lithuanian ėras), or from Proto-Slavic *jarъka (whence Russian ярка (jarka)).


toci

toci (nominative singular)
todët (nominative plural)
todën (accusative singular)
todët (accusative plural)
todën (genitive singular)
tot'ën (genitive plural)
tocidën (genitive plural)
totta (partitive singular)
tocida (partitive plural)
todëssa (inessive singular)
todëhna (inessive singular)
tocissa (inessive plural)
tocihna (inessive plural)
todësta (elative singular)
tocista (elative plural)
totëhën (illative singular)
tocihën (illative plural)
todëlla (adessive singular)
tocilla (adessive plural)
todëlta (ablative singular)
tocilta (ablative plural)
totëlën (allative singular)
totëlëk (allative singular)
tocilën (allative plural)
tocilëk (allative plural)
tonna (essive singular)
tocina (essive plural)
todëksi (singular translative)
tociksi (plural translative)
todën (instructive singular)
tocin (instructive plural)
tonnëk (comitative singular)
tocinëk (comitative plural)
todëtta (abessive singular)
tocitta (abessive plural)

Estonian: tõsi

⇒ Estonian: tõde

Finnish: tosi

Ingrian: tosi

Karelian: tosi, tozi

Livonian: tuo’ž

Livvi: tozi

Ludian: tozi

Veps: tozi

Votic: tõsi

? → Proto-Samic: *tuotë

From Proto-Uralic *čoďe. Compare Eastern Khanty [script needed] (čăjǝ), Northern Mansi [script needed] (sōĺ).


-isa

Estonian: -s

Finnish: -isa

Ingrian: -isa

Karelian: -sa

Livvi: -žu

Võro: -sa

Votic: -sõ

From Proto-Uralic *-ńśa (*-ŋśa). Compared with *-icë-, but the relationship must be old, as any recent relationship would require a reconstruction **-ica not supported by evidence in South Estonian (which suggests an original *-s- or a later secondary change). Compare however *-icca.

Forms adjectives, mostly indicating possession or abundance.


loppi

loppi (nominative singular)
lop'ët (nominative plural)
lop'ën (accusative singular)
lop'ët (accusative plural)
lop'ën (genitive singular)
loppëdën (genitive plural)
loppidën (genitive plural)
loppëda (partitive singular)
loppida (partitive plural)
lop'ëssa (inessive singular)
lop'ëhna (inessive singular)
lop'issa (inessive plural)
lop'ihna (inessive plural)
lop'ësta (elative singular)
lop'ista (elative plural)
loppëhën (illative singular)
loppihën (illative plural)
lop'ëlla (adessive singular)
lop'illa (adessive plural)
lop'ëlta (ablative singular)
lop'ilta (ablative plural)
loppëlën (allative singular)
loppëlëk (allative singular)
loppilën (allative plural)
loppilëk (allative plural)
loppëna (essive singular)
loppina (essive plural)
lop'ëksi (singular translative)
lop'iksi (plural translative)
lop'ën (instructive singular)
lop'in (instructive plural)
loppënëk (comitative singular)
loppinëk (comitative plural)
lop'ëtta (abessive singular)
lop'itta (abessive plural)

Estonian: lõpe

Finnish: (dialectal) loppi

unk

unknown


noori

noori (nominative singular)
noorët (nominative plural)
noorën (accusative singular)
noorët (accusative plural)
noorën (genitive singular)
noordën (genitive plural)
nooridën (genitive plural)
noorta (partitive singular)
noorida (partitive plural)
noorëssa (inessive singular)
noorëhna (inessive singular)
noorissa (inessive plural)
noorihna (inessive plural)
noorësta (elative singular)
noorista (elative plural)
noorëhën (illative singular)
noorihën (illative plural)
noorëlla (adessive singular)
noorilla (adessive plural)
noorëlta (ablative singular)
noorilta (ablative plural)
noorëlën (allative singular)
noorëlëk (allative singular)
noorilën (allative plural)
noorilëk (allative plural)
noorna (essive singular)
noorina (essive plural)
noorëksi (singular translative)
nooriksi (plural translative)
noorën (instructive singular)
noorin (instructive plural)
noornëk (comitative singular)
noorinëk (comitative plural)
noorëtta (abessive singular)
nooritta (abessive plural)

Estonian: noor

Finnish: nuori

Ingrian: noori

Karelian: nuori

Livonian: nūoŗ

⇒ Livonian: nōra (“mermaid”)

→ Latvian: nāra (“mermaid”)

Livvi: nuori

Ludian: nuor'

Veps: nor'

Võro: nuur'

Votic: noori

→ Proto-Samic: *nuorë (see there for further descendants)

Probably from Proto-Uralic *ńëre (“moist, wet”).


natta

natta (nominative singular)
nat'at (nominative plural)
nat'an (accusative singular)
nat'at (accusative plural)
nat'an (genitive singular)
nattadën (genitive plural)
nattoidën (genitive plural)
nattada (partitive singular)
nattoida (partitive plural)
nat'assa (inessive singular)
nat'ahna (inessive singular)
nat'oissa (inessive plural)
nat'oihna (inessive plural)
nat'asta (elative singular)
nat'oista (elative plural)
nattahën (illative singular)
nattoihën (illative plural)
nat'alla (adessive singular)
nat'oilla (adessive plural)
nat'alta (ablative singular)
nat'oilta (ablative plural)
nattalën (allative singular)
nattalëk (allative singular)
nattoilën (allative plural)
nattoilëk (allative plural)
nattana (essive singular)
nattoina (essive plural)
nat'aksi (singular translative)
nat'oiksi (plural translative)
nat'an (instructive singular)
nat'oin (instructive plural)
nattanëk (comitative singular)
nattoinëk (comitative plural)
nat'atta (abessive singular)
nat'oitta (abessive plural)

Estonian: (dialectal) natt

desc

Finnish: (dialectal) natta, naatta, näättä, nata

Ingrian: natta

Karelian:

South Karelian: noatta

Votic: nattõ

Unknown. Probably sound-symbolic. Alternatively, possibly related to Inari Sami njetti and Nganasan [script needed] (noudiʔ-).


panu

panu (nominative singular)
panut (nominative plural)
panun (accusative singular)
panut (accusative plural)
panun (genitive singular)
panudën (genitive plural)
panuidën (genitive plural)
panuda (partitive singular)
panuida (partitive plural)
panussa (inessive singular)
panuhna (inessive singular)
panuissa (inessive plural)
panuihna (inessive plural)
panusta (elative singular)
panuista (elative plural)
panuhën (illative singular)
panuihën (illative plural)
panulla (adessive singular)
panuilla (adessive plural)
panulta (ablative singular)
panuilta (ablative plural)
panulën (allative singular)
panulëk (allative singular)
panuilën (allative plural)
panuilëk (allative plural)
panuna (essive singular)
panuina (essive plural)
panuksi (singular translative)
panuiksi (plural translative)
panun (instructive singular)
panuin (instructive plural)
panunëk (comitative singular)
panuinëk (comitative plural)
panutta (abessive singular)
panuitta (abessive plural)

Finnish: panu

Karelian:

North Karelian: panu

Borrowed from Proto-Baltic *panu (whence Old Prussian panno), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *péh₂wr̥.


orko

orko (nominative singular)
orgot (nominative plural)
orgon (accusative singular)
orgot (accusative plural)
orgon (genitive singular)
orkodën (genitive plural)
orkoidën (genitive plural)
orkoda (partitive singular)
orkoida (partitive plural)
orgossa (inessive singular)
orgohna (inessive singular)
orgoissa (inessive plural)
orgoihna (inessive plural)
orgosta (elative singular)
orgoista (elative plural)
orkohën (illative singular)
orkoihën (illative plural)
orgolla (adessive singular)
orgoilla (adessive plural)
orgolta (ablative singular)
orgoilta (ablative plural)
orkolën (allative singular)
orkolëk (allative singular)
orkoilën (allative plural)
orkoilëk (allative plural)
orkona (essive singular)
orkoina (essive plural)
orgoksi (singular translative)
orgoiksi (plural translative)
orgon (instructive singular)
orgoin (instructive plural)
orkonëk (comitative singular)
orkoinëk (comitative plural)
orgotta (abessive singular)
orgoitta (abessive plural)

Estonian: org

Finnish: orko (archaic, dialectal)

Ingrian: Orko

Karelian: orko, orgo

Ludian: org

Veps: org

Võro: org

Votic: orko


haimo

haimo (nominative singular)
haimot (nominative plural)
haimon (accusative singular)
haimot (accusative plural)
haimon (genitive singular)
haimodën (genitive plural)
haimoidën (genitive plural)
haimoda (partitive singular)
haimoida (partitive plural)
haimossa (inessive singular)
haimohna (inessive singular)
haimoissa (inessive plural)
haimoihna (inessive plural)
haimosta (elative singular)
haimoista (elative plural)
haimohën (illative singular)
haimoihën (illative plural)
haimolla (adessive singular)
haimoilla (adessive plural)
haimolta (ablative singular)
haimoilta (ablative plural)
haimolën (allative singular)
haimolëk (allative singular)
haimoilën (allative plural)
haimoilëk (allative plural)
haimona (essive singular)
haimoina (essive plural)
haimoksi (singular translative)
haimoiksi (plural translative)
haimon (instructive singular)
haimoin (instructive plural)
haimonëk (comitative singular)
haimoinëk (comitative plural)
haimotta (abessive singular)
haimoitta (abessive plural)

Estonian: hõim

→ Võro: hõim

Finnish: heimo

Ingrian: heimo

Karelian:

North Karelian: heimo

South Karelian: heimo

Livonian: aim

Livvi: heimo

Veps: hii̯m, heim

Võro: aim (Leivu dialect)

Votic: (Kattila) õimo

From earlier *šaimo, borrowed from a Baltic language, compare Latvian saime, Lithuanian šeima, from Proto-Indo-European *tḱey- or *ḱey-.


juka

juka (nominative singular)
jugat (nominative plural)
jugan (accusative singular)
jugat (accusative plural)
jugan (genitive singular)
jukadën (genitive plural)
jukëidën (genitive plural)
jukada (partitive singular)
jukëida (partitive plural)
jugassa (inessive singular)
jugahna (inessive singular)
jugëissa (inessive plural)
jugëihna (inessive plural)
jugasta (elative singular)
jugëista (elative plural)
jukahën (illative singular)
jukëihën (illative plural)
jugalla (adessive singular)
jugëilla (adessive plural)
jugalta (ablative singular)
jugëilta (ablative plural)
jukalën (allative singular)
jukalëk (allative singular)
jukëilën (allative plural)
jukëilëk (allative plural)
jukana (essive singular)
jukëina (essive plural)
jugaksi (singular translative)
jugëiksi (plural translative)
jugan (instructive singular)
jugëin (instructive plural)
jukanëk (comitative singular)
jukëinëk (comitative plural)
jugatta (abessive singular)
jugëitta (abessive plural)

Estonian: juga

Finnish: juka (dialectal)

Karelian: juka

Võro: juga

From Proto-Finno-Ugric *juka, probably a variant of Proto-Uralic *joke.


saina

saina (nominative singular)
sainat (nominative plural)
sainan (accusative singular)
sainat (accusative plural)
sainan (genitive singular)
sainadën (genitive plural)
sainoidën (genitive plural)
sainada (partitive singular)
sainoida (partitive plural)
sainassa (inessive singular)
sainahna (inessive singular)
sainoissa (inessive plural)
sainoihna (inessive plural)
sainasta (elative singular)
sainoista (elative plural)
sainahën (illative singular)
sainoihën (illative plural)
sainalla (adessive singular)
sainoilla (adessive plural)
sainalta (ablative singular)
sainoilta (ablative plural)
sainalën (allative singular)
sainalëk (allative singular)
sainoilën (allative plural)
sainoilëk (allative plural)
sainana (essive singular)
sainoina (essive plural)
sainaksi (singular translative)
sainoiksi (plural translative)
sainan (instructive singular)
sainoin (instructive plural)
sainanëk (comitative singular)
sainoinëk (comitative plural)
sainatta (abessive singular)
sainoitta (abessive plural)

Estonian: sein

Finnish: seinä

Ingrian: seinä

Karelian:

North Karelian: šeinä

South Karelian: šeinä

Livonian: sāina

Livvi: seiny

Ludian: sein, šein

Veps: sein, siin

Võro: sain

Votic: seine

→ Proto-Samic: *seajnē

Borrowed from Proto-Baltic [Term?] (whence Latvian siena and Lithuanian siena).

wall (structure acting as side or division in a building)


vankkuri

vankkuri (nominative singular)
vankkurit (nominative plural)
vankkurin (accusative singular)
vankkurit (accusative plural)
vankkurin (genitive singular)
vankkuridën (genitive plural)
vankkurëjidën (genitive plural)
vankkurita (partitive singular)
vankkurëjida (partitive plural)
vankkurissa (inessive singular)
vankkurihna (inessive singular)
vankkurëjissa (inessive plural)
vankkurëjihna (inessive plural)
vankkurista (elative singular)
vankkurëjista (elative plural)
vankkurisën (illative singular)
vankkurëjihën (illative plural)
vankkurilla (adessive singular)
vankkurëjilla (adessive plural)
vankkurilta (ablative singular)
vankkurëjilta (ablative plural)
vankkurilën (allative singular)
vankkurilëk (allative singular)
vankkurëjilën (allative plural)
vankkurëjilëk (allative plural)
vankkurina (essive singular)
vankkurëjina (essive plural)
vankkuriksi (singular translative)
vankkurëjiksi (plural translative)
vankkurin (instructive singular)
vankkurëjin (instructive plural)
vankkurinëk (comitative singular)
vankkurëjinëk (comitative plural)
vankkuritta (abessive singular)
vankkurëjitta (abessive plural)

Estonian: vanker

Finnish: vankkurit pl

Ingrian: vankkuri

Võro: vankri

Votic: vankkuri

Unknown. Remotely similar to Proto-Germanic *wagnaz, but there is no convincing proposal for the phonetic development.


püü

püü (nominative singular)
püüt (nominative plural)
püün (accusative singular)
püüt (accusative plural)
püün (genitive singular)
püüden (genitive plural)
püiden (genitive plural)
püütä (partitive singular)
püitä (partitive plural)
püüssä (inessive singular)
püühnä (inessive singular)
püissä (inessive plural)
püihnä (inessive plural)
püüstä (elative singular)
püistä (elative plural)
püüsen (illative singular)
püisen (illative plural)
püüllä (adessive singular)
püillä (adessive plural)
püültä (ablative singular)
püiltä (ablative plural)
püülen (allative singular)
püülek (allative singular)
püilen (allative plural)
püilek (allative plural)
püünä (essive singular)
püinä (essive plural)
püüksi (singular translative)
püiksi (plural translative)
püün (instructive singular)
püin (instructive plural)
püünek (comitative singular)
püinek (comitative plural)
püüttä (abessive singular)
püittä (abessive plural)

Estonian: püü

Finnish: pyy

Ingrian: pyy

Karelian: pyy

Livonian:

Courland Livonian: pīki (diminutive)

Vidzeme Livonian: pǖ

Livvi: pyy

Veps: pü

Votic: püü


ohja

ohja (nominative singular)
ohjat (nominative plural)
ohjan (accusative singular)
ohjat (accusative plural)
ohjan (genitive singular)
ohjadën (genitive plural)
ohjëidën (genitive plural)
ohjada (partitive singular)
ohjëida (partitive plural)
ohjassa (inessive singular)
ohjahna (inessive singular)
ohjëissa (inessive plural)
ohjëihna (inessive plural)
ohjasta (elative singular)
ohjëista (elative plural)
ohjahën (illative singular)
ohjëihën (illative plural)
ohjalla (adessive singular)
ohjëilla (adessive plural)
ohjalta (ablative singular)
ohjëilta (ablative plural)
ohjalën (allative singular)
ohjalëk (allative singular)
ohjëilën (allative plural)
ohjëilëk (allative plural)
ohjana (essive singular)
ohjëina (essive plural)
ohjaksi (singular translative)
ohjëiksi (plural translative)
ohjan (instructive singular)
ohjëin (instructive plural)
ohjanëk (comitative singular)
ohjëinëk (comitative plural)
ohjatta (abessive singular)
ohjëitta (abessive plural)

Estonian: ohi

Finnish: ohja

Ingrian: ohja

Karelian: ohja

Võro: uhi

Votic: õhjõ

Finnish: ohjas

Ingrian: ohjas

Karelian: ohjas

⇒ Livonian: ū’oļmõz

Livvi: ohjas

Ludian: ohd'az

Veps: ohjaz


paljo

paljo (nominative singular)
paljot (nominative plural)
paljon (accusative singular)
paljot (accusative plural)
paljon (genitive singular)
paljodën (genitive plural)
paljoidën (genitive plural)
paljoda (partitive singular)
paljoida (partitive plural)
paljossa (inessive singular)
paljohna (inessive singular)
paljoissa (inessive plural)
paljoihna (inessive plural)
paljosta (elative singular)
paljoista (elative plural)
paljohën (illative singular)
paljoihën (illative plural)
paljolla (adessive singular)
paljoilla (adessive plural)
paljolta (ablative singular)
paljoilta (ablative plural)
paljolën (allative singular)
paljolëk (allative singular)
paljoilën (allative plural)
paljoilëk (allative plural)
paljona (essive singular)
paljoina (essive plural)
paljoksi (singular translative)
paljoiksi (plural translative)
paljon (instructive singular)
paljoin (instructive plural)
paljonëk (comitative singular)
paljoinëk (comitative plural)
paljotta (abessive singular)
paljoitta (abessive plural)

Estonian: palju

Finnish: paljo

Ingrian: paljo

Votic: palʹlʹo

Unknown. Possibly a borrowing from Proto-Germanic *felu (compare German viel, Gothic 𐍆𐌹𐌻𐌿 (filu)), a borrowing from Proto-Slavic *boľьjь or an inherited word from Proto-Uralic *paljɜ (compare Eastern Mari [script needed] (pülä), Eastern Mansi [script needed] (pőĺ), Tundra Nenets [script needed] (paĺ)). None of the aforementioned theories is certain.


kakla

kakla (nominative singular)
kaklat (nominative plural)
kaklan (accusative singular)
kaklat (accusative plural)
kaklan (genitive singular)
kakladën (genitive plural)
kakloidën (genitive plural)
kaklada (partitive singular)
kakloida (partitive plural)
kaklassa (inessive singular)
kaklahna (inessive singular)
kakloissa (inessive plural)
kakloihna (inessive plural)
kaklasta (elative singular)
kakloista (elative plural)
kaklahën (illative singular)
kakloihën (illative plural)
kaklalla (adessive singular)
kakloilla (adessive plural)
kaklalta (ablative singular)
kakloilta (ablative plural)
kaklalën (allative singular)
kaklalëk (allative singular)
kakloilën (allative plural)
kakloilëk (allative plural)
kaklana (essive singular)
kakloina (essive plural)
kaklaksi (singular translative)
kakloiksi (plural translative)
kaklan (instructive singular)
kakloin (instructive plural)
kaklanëk (comitative singular)
kakloinëk (comitative plural)
kaklatta (abessive singular)
kakloitta (abessive plural)

Estonian: kael

Finnish: kaula

Ingrian: kagla

Karelian:

North Karelian: kakla

South Karelian: kagla

Livonian: kaggõl

Livvi: kaglu

Ludian: kagl

Veps: kagl

Võro: kaal

Votic: kaglõ

Borrowed from Proto-Baltic *kaklas (compare Lithuanian kaklas), from Proto-Indo-European *kʷékʷlos, replacing inherited *sepä (from Proto-Uralic *śepä) in this meaning. Doublet with *kekri, possibly more distantly also with *kulkëdak.


ogas

ogas (nominative singular)
okahët (nominative plural)
okahën (accusative singular)
okahët (accusative plural)
okahën (genitive singular)
ogastën (genitive plural)
okahidën (genitive plural)
ogasta (partitive singular)
okahita (partitive plural)
okahëssa (inessive singular)
okahëhna (inessive singular)
okahissa (inessive plural)
okahihna (inessive plural)
okahësta (elative singular)
okahista (elative plural)
okahësën (illative singular)
okahisën (illative plural)
okahëlla (adessive singular)
okahilla (adessive plural)
okahëlta (ablative singular)
okahilta (ablative plural)
okahëlën (allative singular)
okahëlëk (allative singular)
okahilën (allative plural)
okahilëk (allative plural)
ogassa (essive singular)
okahina (essive plural)
okahëksi (singular translative)
okahiksi (plural translative)
okahën (instructive singular)
okahin (instructive plural)
ogassëk (comitative singular)
okahinëk (comitative plural)
okahëtta (abessive singular)
okahitta (abessive plural)

Estonian: okas

Finnish: oas

Ingrian: oas

Karelian: ovas

Livvi: ovas

Ludian: ogaz

Veps: ogah

Votic: õgaz

Estonian: oga

Finnish: oka

>? Livonian: ogā- (in compound: ogāpǟ)

Possibly borrowed from Proto-Baltic [Term?] (whence Lithuanian akuotas).


kajaga

kajaga (nominative singular)
kajagat (nominative plural)
kajagan (accusative singular)
kajagat (accusative plural)
kajagan (genitive singular)
kajagadën (genitive plural)
kajagoidën (genitive plural)
kajagata (partitive singular)
kajagoita (partitive plural)
kajagassa (inessive singular)
kajagahna (inessive singular)
kajagoissa (inessive plural)
kajagoihna (inessive plural)
kajagasta (elative singular)
kajagoista (elative plural)
kajagasën (illative singular)
kajagoisën (illative plural)
kajagalla (adessive singular)
kajagoilla (adessive plural)
kajagalta (ablative singular)
kajagoilta (ablative plural)
kajagalën (allative singular)
kajagalëk (allative singular)
kajagoilën (allative plural)
kajagoilëk (allative plural)
kajagana (essive singular)
kajagoina (essive plural)
kajagaksi (singular translative)
kajagoiksi (plural translative)
kajagan (instructive singular)
kajagoin (instructive plural)
kajaganëk (comitative singular)
kajagoinëk (comitative plural)
kajagatta (abessive singular)
kajagoitta (abessive plural)

Estonian: kajakas

Finnish: kajava

Ingrian: kajava

Karelian: kajava, kajoa

Livonian: kajāg, kajāgõz

Livvi: kajai

Ludian: kajag

Veps: kajag

Votic: kajagõ


jürü

jürü (nominative singular)
jürüt (nominative plural)
jürün (accusative singular)
jürüt (accusative plural)
jürün (genitive singular)
jürüden (genitive plural)
jürüiden (genitive plural)
jürüdä (partitive singular)
jürüidä (partitive plural)
jürüssä (inessive singular)
jürühnä (inessive singular)
jürüissä (inessive plural)
jürüihnä (inessive plural)
jürüstä (elative singular)
jürüistä (elative plural)
jürühen (illative singular)
jürüihen (illative plural)
jürüllä (adessive singular)
jürüillä (adessive plural)
jürültä (ablative singular)
jürüiltä (ablative plural)
jürülen (allative singular)
jürülek (allative singular)
jürüilen (allative plural)
jürüilek (allative plural)
jürünä (essive singular)
jürüinä (essive plural)
jürüksi (singular translative)
jürüiksi (plural translative)
jürün (instructive singular)
jürüin (instructive plural)
jürünek (comitative singular)
jürüinek (comitative plural)
jürüttä (abessive singular)
jürüittä (abessive plural)

Finnish: jyry

Ingrian: jyry

Karelian: jyry

Livvi: jyry

Ludian: dürü

Veps: juru

Votic: jürü


hapci

hapci (nominative singular)
hapcët (nominative plural)
hapcën (accusative singular)
hapcët (accusative plural)
hapcën (genitive singular)
hactën (genitive plural)
hapcidën (genitive plural)
hacta (partitive singular)
hapcida (partitive plural)
hapcëssa (inessive singular)
hapcëhna (inessive singular)
hapcissa (inessive plural)
hapcihna (inessive plural)
hapcësta (elative singular)
hapcista (elative plural)
hapcëhën (illative singular)
hapcihën (illative plural)
hapcëlla (adessive singular)
hapcilla (adessive plural)
hapcëlta (ablative singular)
hapcilta (ablative plural)
hapcëlën (allative singular)
hapcëlëk (allative singular)
hapcilën (allative plural)
hapcilëk (allative plural)
hapcëna (essive singular)
hapcina (essive plural)
hapcëksi (singular translative)
hapciksi (plural translative)
hapcën (instructive singular)
hapcin (instructive plural)
hapcënëk (comitative singular)
hapcinëk (comitative plural)
hapcëtta (abessive singular)
hapcitta (abessive plural)

Finnish: hapsi

? Livonian: *(h)apcik’as > äpškõz (“leftover warps used as sewing thread”)

Possibly from Proto-Uralic *ëpte. The initial h would be irregular, but could be due to the influence of *hibus (“hair”). Cf. also Finnish haiven.


ektago

ektago (nominative singular)
ektagot (nominative plural)
ektagon (accusative singular)
ektagot (accusative plural)
ektagon (genitive singular)
ektagodën (genitive plural)
ektagoidën (genitive plural)
ektagota (partitive singular)
ektagoita (partitive plural)
ektagossa (inessive singular)
ektagohna (inessive singular)
ektagoissa (inessive plural)
ektagoihna (inessive plural)
ektagosta (elative singular)
ektagoista (elative plural)
ektagosën (illative singular)
ektagoisën (illative plural)
ektagolla (adessive singular)
ektagoilla (adessive plural)
ektagolta (ablative singular)
ektagoilta (ablative plural)
ektagolën (allative singular)
ektagolëk (allative singular)
ektagoilën (allative plural)
ektagoilëk (allative plural)
ektagona (essive singular)
ektagoina (essive plural)
ektagoksi (singular translative)
ektagoiksi (plural translative)
ektagon (instructive singular)
ektagoin (instructive plural)
ektagonëk (comitative singular)
ektagoinëk (comitative plural)
ektagotta (abessive singular)
ektagoitta (abessive plural)

Estonian: õhtu, (dialectal) ehtu, ohtu

Finnish: ehtoo, (dialectal) ehtavo, ehtava

Livonian: (Courland) ȭ’dõg, (Salaca) ǖdug

Võro: õtak, õdak

Votic: ohtogo, õhtõgo


koorma

koorma (nominative singular)
koormat (nominative plural)
koorman (accusative singular)
koormat (accusative plural)
koorman (genitive singular)
koormadën (genitive plural)
koormëidën (genitive plural)
koormada (partitive singular)
koormëida (partitive plural)
koormassa (inessive singular)
koormahna (inessive singular)
koormëissa (inessive plural)
koormëihna (inessive plural)
koormasta (elative singular)
koormëista (elative plural)
koormahën (illative singular)
koormëihën (illative plural)
koormalla (adessive singular)
koormëilla (adessive plural)
koormalta (ablative singular)
koormëilta (ablative plural)
koormalën (allative singular)
koormalëk (allative singular)
koormëilën (allative plural)
koormëilëk (allative plural)
koormana (essive singular)
koormëina (essive plural)
koormaksi (singular translative)
koormëiksi (plural translative)
koorman (instructive singular)
koormëin (instructive plural)
koormanëk (comitative singular)
koormëinëk (comitative plural)
koormatta (abessive singular)
koormëitta (abessive plural)

Estonian: koorem

Finnish: kuorma

Ingrian: koorma

Karelian: kuorma

Veps: korm

Võro: kuurma

Votic: koormõ

→? Proto-Samic: *kuormē

Northern Sami: guorbmi


jarvi

jarvi (nominative singular)
jarvët (nominative plural)
jarvën (accusative singular)
jarvët (accusative plural)
jarvën (genitive singular)
jarvëdën (genitive plural)
jarvidën (genitive plural)
jarvëda (partitive singular)
jarvida (partitive plural)
jarvëssa (inessive singular)
jarvëhna (inessive singular)
jarvissa (inessive plural)
jarvihna (inessive plural)
jarvësta (elative singular)
jarvista (elative plural)
jarvëhën (illative singular)
jarvihën (illative plural)
jarvëlla (adessive singular)
jarvilla (adessive plural)
jarvëlta (ablative singular)
jarvilta (ablative plural)
jarvëlën (allative singular)
jarvëlëk (allative singular)
jarvilën (allative plural)
jarvilëk (allative plural)
jarvëna (essive singular)
jarvina (essive plural)
jarvëksi (singular translative)
jarviksi (plural translative)
jarvën (instructive singular)
jarvin (instructive plural)
jarvënëk (comitative singular)
jarvinëk (comitative plural)
jarvëtta (abessive singular)
jarvitta (abessive plural)

Livonian: jōra

Votic: jarvi

*järvi with back vowels, perhaps the original form, see it for more details


vaikko

vaikko (nominative singular)
vaik'ot (nominative plural)
vaik'on (accusative singular)
vaik'ot (accusative plural)
vaik'on (genitive singular)
vaikkodën (genitive plural)
vaikkoidën (genitive plural)
vaikkoda (partitive singular)
vaikkoida (partitive plural)
vaik'ossa (inessive singular)
vaik'ohna (inessive singular)
vaik'oissa (inessive plural)
vaik'oihna (inessive plural)
vaik'osta (elative singular)
vaik'oista (elative plural)
vaikkohën (illative singular)
vaikkoihën (illative plural)
vaik'olla (adessive singular)
vaik'oilla (adessive plural)
vaik'olta (ablative singular)
vaik'oilta (ablative plural)
vaikkolën (allative singular)
vaikkolëk (allative singular)
vaikkoilën (allative plural)
vaikkoilëk (allative plural)
vaikkona (essive singular)
vaikkoina (essive plural)
vaik'oksi (singular translative)
vaik'oiksi (plural translative)
vaik'on (instructive singular)
vaik'oin (instructive plural)
vaikkonëk (comitative singular)
vaikkoinëk (comitative plural)
vaik'otta (abessive singular)
vaik'oitta (abessive plural)

Estonian: vaik

Finnish: (dialectal) vaikko

Ingrian: vaikko

Karelian: vaikko

Võro: vaik

Votic: vaikko

Finnish: vaikku

Ingrian: vaikku

Karelian: vaikku

Livvi: vaikku


kataga

kataga (nominative singular)
katagat (nominative plural)
katagan (accusative singular)
katagat (accusative plural)
katagan (genitive singular)
katagadën (genitive plural)
katagoidën (genitive plural)
katagata (partitive singular)
katagoita (partitive plural)
katagassa (inessive singular)
katagahna (inessive singular)
katagoissa (inessive plural)
katagoihna (inessive plural)
katagasta (elative singular)
katagoista (elative plural)
katagasën (illative singular)
katagoisën (illative plural)
katagalla (adessive singular)
katagoilla (adessive plural)
katagalta (ablative singular)
katagoilta (ablative plural)
katagalën (allative singular)
katagalëk (allative singular)
katagoilën (allative plural)
katagoilëk (allative plural)
katagana (essive singular)
katagoina (essive plural)
katagaksi (singular translative)
katagoiksi (plural translative)
katagan (instructive singular)
katagoin (instructive plural)
kataganëk (comitative singular)
katagoinëk (comitative plural)
katagatta (abessive singular)
katagoitta (abessive plural)

Estonian: kadakas

Finnish: kataja, (dialectal) katava, kataa

Ingrian: kataja

Karelian: kataja, kadaja

Livonian:

Courland Livonian: gadāgõz

Vidzeme Livonian: kadagi

Livvi: kadai

Ludian: kadai

Veps: kadag

Võro: katai

Votic: katagõ, katajõ

? → Baltic:

Latvian: kadiķis

Lithuanian: kadagys

Old Prussian: kadegis

→ German: (dialectal) Kaddig

Unclear. The Baltic words might be borrowed from Finnic, or vice versa.


koori

koori (nominative singular)
koorët (nominative plural)
koorën (accusative singular)
koorët (accusative plural)
koorën (genitive singular)
koordën (genitive plural)
kooridën (genitive plural)
koorta (partitive singular)
koorida (partitive plural)
koorëssa (inessive singular)
koorëhna (inessive singular)
koorissa (inessive plural)
koorihna (inessive plural)
koorësta (elative singular)
koorista (elative plural)
koorëhën (illative singular)
koorihën (illative plural)
koorëlla (adessive singular)
koorilla (adessive plural)
koorëlta (ablative singular)
koorilta (ablative plural)
koorëlën (allative singular)
koorëlëk (allative singular)
koorilën (allative plural)
koorilëk (allative plural)
koorna (essive singular)
koorina (essive plural)
koorëksi (singular translative)
kooriksi (plural translative)
koorën (instructive singular)
koorin (instructive plural)
koornëk (comitative singular)
koorinëk (comitative plural)
koorëtta (abessive singular)
kooritta (abessive plural)

Estonian: koor

Finnish: kuori

Ingrian: koori

Karelian:

North Karelian: kuori

South Karelian: kuori

Livonian: kūoŗ

Livvi: kuori

Ludian: kuor'

Veps: kor'

Võro: kuur'

Votic: koori


kotti

kotti (nominative singular)
kot'it (nominative plural)
kot'in (accusative singular)
kot'it (accusative plural)
kot'in (genitive singular)
kottidën (genitive plural)
kottëjidën (genitive plural)
kottida (partitive singular)
kottëjita (partitive plural)
kot'issa (inessive singular)
kot'ihna (inessive singular)
kottëjissa (inessive plural)
kottëjihna (inessive plural)
kot'ista (elative singular)
kottëjista (elative plural)
kottihën (illative singular)
kottëjisën (illative plural)
kot'illa (adessive singular)
kottëjilla (adessive plural)
kot'ilta (ablative singular)
kottëjilta (ablative plural)
kottilën (allative singular)
kottilëk (allative singular)
kottëjilën (allative plural)
kottëjilëk (allative plural)
kottina (essive singular)
kottëjina (essive plural)
kot'iksi (singular translative)
kottëjiksi (plural translative)
kot'in (instructive singular)
kottëjin (instructive plural)
kottinëk (comitative singular)
kottëjinëk (comitative plural)
kot'itta (abessive singular)
kottëjitta (abessive plural)

Estonian: kott

Finnish: (dialectal) kotti

Livonian: kuoț

Võro: kott'

Votic: kotti


soola

soola (nominative singular)
soolat (nominative plural)
soolan (accusative singular)
soolat (accusative plural)
soolan (genitive singular)
sooladën (genitive plural)
soolëidën (genitive plural)
soolada (partitive singular)
soolëida (partitive plural)
soolassa (inessive singular)
soolahna (inessive singular)
soolëissa (inessive plural)
soolëihna (inessive plural)
soolasta (elative singular)
soolëista (elative plural)
soolahën (illative singular)
soolëihën (illative plural)
soolalla (adessive singular)
soolëilla (adessive plural)
soolalta (ablative singular)
soolëilta (ablative plural)
soolalën (allative singular)
soolalëk (allative singular)
soolëilën (allative plural)
soolëilëk (allative plural)
soolana (essive singular)
soolëina (essive plural)
soolaksi (singular translative)
soolëiksi (plural translative)
soolan (instructive singular)
soolëin (instructive plural)
soolanëk (comitative singular)
soolëinëk (comitative plural)
soolatta (abessive singular)
soolëitta (abessive plural)

Estonian: sool

Finnish: suola

Ingrian: soola

Karelian: šuola

Livonian: sūol

Livvi: suolu

Ludian: suol

Veps: sol

Võro: suul

Votic: soolõ

In some fashion from Proto-Indo-European *séh₂ls (compare e.g. Latvian sāls, Tocharian A sāle), though the exact route of derivation is not known. The long vowel indicates borrowing independently from the words in more eastern Uralic languages, such as Erzya сал (sal), Komi-Zyrian сол (sol). Earlier accounts have suggested a common proto-form *salɜ and irregular vowel lengthening in Finnic.


apara

Finnic (Northern)
apara (nominative singular)
aparat (nominative plural)
aparan (accusative singular)
aparat (accusative plural)
aparan (genitive singular)
aparadën (genitive plural)
aparoidën (genitive plural)
aparata (partitive singular)
aparoita (partitive plural)
aparassa (inessive singular)
aparahna (inessive singular)
aparoissa (inessive plural)
aparoihna (inessive plural)
aparasta (elative singular)
aparoista (elative plural)
aparasën (illative singular)
aparoisën (illative plural)
aparalla (adessive singular)
aparoilla (adessive plural)
aparalta (ablative singular)
aparoilta (ablative plural)
aparalën (allative singular)
aparalëk (allative singular)
aparoilën (allative plural)
aparoilëk (allative plural)
aparana (essive singular)
aparoina (essive plural)
aparaksi (singular translative)
aparoiksi (plural translative)
aparan (instructive singular)
aparoin (instructive plural)
aparanëk (comitative singular)
aparoinëk (comitative plural)
aparatta (abessive singular)
aparoitta (abessive plural)

Finnish: (dialectal) apara

Karelian:

North Karelian: apara

South Karelian: abara

Livvi: abar

Ludian: apar

Veps: apar

Borrowed from Proto-Germanic *afaraz (whence Old Norse afr).


porcas

porcas (nominative singular)
porcahët (nominative plural)
porcahën (accusative singular)
porcahët (accusative plural)
porcahën (genitive singular)
porcastën (genitive plural)
porcahidën (genitive plural)
porcasta (partitive singular)
porcahita (partitive plural)
porcahëssa (inessive singular)
porcahëhna (inessive singular)
porcahissa (inessive plural)
porcahihna (inessive plural)
porcahësta (elative singular)
porcahista (elative plural)
porcahësën (illative singular)
porcahisën (illative plural)
porcahëlla (adessive singular)
porcahilla (adessive plural)
porcahëlta (ablative singular)
porcahilta (ablative plural)
porcahëlën (allative singular)
porcahëlëk (allative singular)
porcahilën (allative plural)
porcahilëk (allative plural)
porcassa (essive singular)
porcahina (essive plural)
porcahëksi (singular translative)
porcahiksi (plural translative)
porcahën (instructive singular)
porcahin (instructive plural)
porcassëk (comitative singular)
porcahinëk (comitative plural)
porcahëtta (abessive singular)
porcahitta (abessive plural)

Estonian: põrsas

Finnish: porsas

Ingrian: porsas

Karelian:

North Karelian: poršaš

South Karelian: poržaš

Livonian: pūoraz

Veps: porzaz

Võro: põrsas, põrss

Votic: põrzõz

From Proto-Finno-Permic *porćas, borrowed from Proto-Indo-European *pórḱos, through either Proto-Balto-Slavic *párśas or Proto-Iranian *párcas. *o is presumed to continue PIE *o by some, but not all scholars.
Cognates include Proto-Permic *pɔrś.


oldak

Estonian: olema/olla

Finnish: olla

Ingrian: olla

Karelian:

North Karelian: olla

South Karelian: olla

Livonian:

Courland Livonian: vȱlda

Vidzeme Livonian: olda/old/olla/oll

Livvi: olla

Ludian: olda

Veps: olda

Võro: olõma/ollaq

Votic: õllõ


viici

viici (nominative singular)
viidet (nominative plural)
viiden (accusative singular)
viidet (accusative plural)
viiden (genitive singular)
viit'en (genitive plural)
viiciden (genitive plural)
viittä (partitive singular)
viicidä (partitive plural)
viidessä (inessive singular)
viidehnä (inessive singular)
viicissä (inessive plural)
viicihnä (inessive plural)
viidestä (elative singular)
viicistä (elative plural)
viitehen (illative singular)
viicihen (illative plural)
viidellä (adessive singular)
viicillä (adessive plural)
viideltä (ablative singular)
viiciltä (ablative plural)
viitelen (allative singular)
viitelek (allative singular)
viicilen (allative plural)
viicilek (allative plural)
viinnä (essive singular)
viicinä (essive plural)
viideksi (singular translative)
viiciksi (plural translative)
viiden (instructive singular)
viicin (instructive plural)
viinnek (comitative singular)
viicinek (comitative plural)
viidettä (abessive singular)
viicittä (abessive plural)

Estonian: viis

Finnish: viisi

Ingrian: viis

Karelian:

North Karelian: viisi

South Karelian: viizi

Livonian:

Courland Livonian: vīž

Vidzeme Livonian: vīs

Livvi: viizi

Ludian: viiž

Veps: viž

Võro: viis'

Votic: viis, viisi

From earlier *wijte, from Proto-Uralic *witte (“five”). Vowel length is likely by analogy to *kuuci (“6”).


ükci

ükci (nominative singular)
üktet (nominative plural)
ükten (accusative singular)
üktet (accusative plural)
ükten (genitive singular)
ükten (genitive plural)
ükciden (genitive plural)
üktä (partitive singular)
ükcidä (partitive plural)
üktessä (inessive singular)
üktehnä (inessive singular)
ükcissä (inessive plural)
ükcihnä (inessive plural)
üktestä (elative singular)
ükcistä (elative plural)
üktehen (illative singular)
ükcihen (illative plural)
üktellä (adessive singular)
ükcillä (adessive plural)
ükteltä (ablative singular)
ükciltä (ablative plural)
üktelen (allative singular)
üktelek (allative singular)
ükcilen (allative plural)
ükcilek (allative plural)
üktenä (essive singular)
ükcinä (essive plural)
ükteksi (singular translative)
ükciksi (plural translative)
ükten (instructive singular)
ükcin (instructive plural)
üktenek (comitative singular)
ükcinek (comitative plural)
üktettä (abessive singular)
ükcittä (abessive plural)

Estonian: üks

Finnish: yksi

Ingrian: yks

Karelian:

North Karelian: yksi

South Karelian: yksi

Livonian:

Courland Livonian: ikš

Vidzeme Livonian: juks

Livvi: yksi

Ludian: ükš

Veps: üks'

Võro: üts', (Lutsi) üțș, (Kraasna) üțs, (Leivu) üttš

Votic: ühs, ühsi

Krevinian: ühs

Kukkuzi: ühs, üss


säic'en

säic'en (nominative singular)
säiccemet (nominative plural)
säiccemen (accusative singular)
säiccemet (accusative plural)
säiccemen (genitive singular)
säic'enden (genitive plural)
säiccemiden (genitive plural)
säic'entä (partitive singular)
säiccemitä (partitive plural)
säiccemessä (inessive singular)
säiccemehnä (inessive singular)
säiccemissä (inessive plural)
säiccemihnä (inessive plural)
säiccemestä (elative singular)
säiccemistä (elative plural)
säiccemesen (illative singular)
säiccemisen (illative plural)
säiccemellä (adessive singular)
säiccemillä (adessive plural)
säiccemeltä (ablative singular)
säiccemiltä (ablative plural)
säiccemelen (allative singular)
säiccemelek (allative singular)
säiccemilen (allative plural)
säiccemilek (allative plural)
säiccemenä (essive singular)
säicceminä (essive plural)
säiccemeksi (singular translative)
säiccemiksi (plural translative)
säiccemen (instructive singular)
säiccemin (instructive plural)
säiccemenek (comitative singular)
säicceminek (comitative plural)
säiccemettä (abessive singular)
säiccemittä (abessive plural)

Estonian: seitse

Finnish: seitsemän

Ingrian: seitsen

Karelian:

North Karelian: šeiččemen

South Karelian: šeiččemen, seiččemen

Livonian:

Courland Livonian: seis

Vidzeme Livonian: seis

Livvi: seičče, seiččei

Ludian: seičeme

Veps: seičeme

Võro: säidse

Votic: seittse


kolmi

kolmi (nominative singular)
kolmët (nominative plural)
kolmën (accusative singular)
kolmët (accusative plural)
kolmën (genitive singular)
kolmëdën (genitive plural)
kolmidën (genitive plural)
kolmëda (partitive singular)
kolmida (partitive plural)
kolmëssa (inessive singular)
kolmëhna (inessive singular)
kolmissa (inessive plural)
kolmihna (inessive plural)
kolmësta (elative singular)
kolmista (elative plural)
kolmëhën (illative singular)
kolmihën (illative plural)
kolmëlla (adessive singular)
kolmilla (adessive plural)
kolmëlta (ablative singular)
kolmilta (ablative plural)
kolmëlën (allative singular)
kolmëlëk (allative singular)
kolmilën (allative plural)
kolmilëk (allative plural)
kolmëna (essive singular)
kolmina (essive plural)
kolmëksi (singular translative)
kolmiksi (plural translative)
kolmën (instructive singular)
kolmin (instructive plural)
kolmënëk (comitative singular)
kolminëk (comitative plural)
kolmëtta (abessive singular)
kolmitta (abessive plural)

Estonian: kolm

Finnish: kolmi (dialectal, rare; with a sporadic distribution, so might be by later analogy)

Karelian:

North Karelian: kolmi

Livonian:

Courland Livonian: kuolm

Vidzeme Livonian: kolm

Võro: kolm

Finnish: kolme(ˣ) (with final gemination; primarily Western Finnish), kolmet, kolomet (Savonia, rare)

Ingrian: kolt (with syncope)

Votic: kõlmõd

Finnish: kolme (without final gemination; primarily Savonia and Karelia)

Karelian:

North Karelian: kolme

South Karelian: kolme

Livvi: kolme

Ludian: kolme

Veps: koume

From Proto-Finno-Ugric *kolme. Many descendants point to an extended variant *kolmët. Compare also Eastern Mari кумыт (kumyt), predicative form of кум (kum, “3”); *kolmë was probably derived from this through deletion of the word-final *-t, and is found in several descendants.


kuuci

kuuci (nominative singular)
kuudët (nominative plural)
kuudën (accusative singular)
kuudët (accusative plural)
kuudën (genitive singular)
kuut'ën (genitive plural)
kuucidën (genitive plural)
kuutta (partitive singular)
kuucida (partitive plural)
kuudëssa (inessive singular)
kuudëhna (inessive singular)
kuucissa (inessive plural)
kuucihna (inessive plural)
kuudësta (elative singular)
kuucista (elative plural)
kuutëhën (illative singular)
kuucihën (illative plural)
kuudëlla (adessive singular)
kuucilla (adessive plural)
kuudëlta (ablative singular)
kuucilta (ablative plural)
kuutëlën (allative singular)
kuutëlëk (allative singular)
kuucilën (allative plural)
kuucilëk (allative plural)
kuunna (essive singular)
kuucina (essive plural)
kuudëksi (singular translative)
kuuciksi (plural translative)
kuudën (instructive singular)
kuucin (instructive plural)
kuunnëk (comitative singular)
kuucinëk (comitative plural)
kuudëtta (abessive singular)
kuucitta (abessive plural)

Estonian: kuus

Finnish: kuusi

Ingrian: kuus

Karelian:

North Karelian: kuuši

South Karelian: kuuži, kuusi, kuuzi

Livonian:

Courland Livonian: kūž

Vidzeme Livonian: kūs

Livvi: kuuzi

Ludian: kuuz'

Veps: kuz'

Võro: kuus'

Votic: kuus, kuusi


joodak

joo- (stem)
joon (first-person present singular)
join (first-person past singular)
joogon (first-person optative singular)
joot (present second-person singular)
joit (past second-person singular)
jook (imperative second-person singular)
joogos (optative second-person singular)
joopi (present singular third-person)
joo (present singular third-person)
joi (past singular third-person)
jookahën (imperative singular third-person)
jookohën (optative singular third-person)
jookmëk (first-person plural present)
jookmak (first-person plural present)
joimëk (first-person past plural)
joimak (first-person past plural)
jookadëmëk (first-person imperative plural)
jookadamak (first-person imperative plural)
jookodëmëk (first-person optative plural)
jookodamak (first-person optative plural)
jooktëk (plural present second-person)
jooktak (plural present second-person)
joidëk (past plural second-person)
joidak (past plural second-person)
jookadë (imperative plural second-person)
jookada (imperative plural second-person)
joogot'ëk (optative plural second-person)
jookodadak (optative plural second-person)
joobat (plural present third-person)
joo (plural present third-person)
joi (past plural third-person)
jookahën (imperative plural third-person)
jookohën (optative plural third-person)
jooksën (passive present)
joot'aksën (passive present)
jootihën (passive past)
joottihën (passive past)
jootagasën (imperative passive)
joottagasën (imperative passive)
jootagosën (optative passive)
joottagosën (optative passive)
jook (connegative present)
joogak (connegative imperative)
joogok (connegative optative)
jooktak (connegative passive present)
jootagak (connegative imperative passive)
joottagak (connegative imperative passive)
jootagok (connegative optative passive)
joottagok (connegative optative passive)
jookcin (conditional conditional-i first-person singular)
joicin (conditional conditional-ii first-person singular)
joonën (first-person potential singular)
jookcit (conditional conditional-i second-person singular)
joicit (conditional conditional-ii second-person singular)
joonët (potential second-person singular)
jookci (conditional conditional-i singular third-person)
joici (conditional conditional-ii singular third-person)
jooni (potential singular third-person)
jookcimëk (conditional conditional-i first-person plural)
jookcimak (conditional conditional-i first-person plural)
joicimëk (conditional conditional-ii first-person plural)
joicimak (conditional conditional-ii first-person plural)
joonëmëk (first-person plural potential)
joonëmak (first-person plural potential)
jookcidëk (conditional conditional-i plural second-person)
jookcidak (conditional conditional-i plural second-person)
joicidëk (conditional conditional-ii plural second-person)
joicidak (conditional conditional-ii plural second-person)
joonëdëk (plural potential second-person)
joonëdak (plural potential second-person)
jookci (conditional conditional-i plural third-person)
joici (conditional conditional-ii plural third-person)
jooni (plural potential third-person)
joodakcisën (conditional conditional-i passive)
joot'akcisën (conditional conditional-i passive)
jooticisën (conditional conditional-ii passive)
jootticisën (conditional conditional-ii passive)
jootanësën (passive potential)
joottanësën (passive potential)
jookcik (conditional conditional-i connegative)
joicik (conditional conditional-ii connegative)
joonëk (connegative potential)
joodakcik (conditional conditional-i connegative passive)
joot'akcik (conditional conditional-i connegative passive)
jooticik (conditional conditional-ii connegative passive)
jootticik (conditional conditional-ii connegative passive)
jootanëk (connegative passive potential)
joottanëk (connegative passive potential)
joodak (conditional conditional-i infinitive infinitive-i)
joopa (active participle present)
jootaba (participle passive present)
joottaba (participle passive present)
jootë- (conditional conditional-i infinitive infinitive-ii)
joonut (active participle past)
jootu (participle passive past)
joottu (participle passive past)
jooma (conditional conditional-i gerund supine)
joominen (conditional conditional-i noun-from-verb)

Estonian: jooma/juua

Finnish: juoda

Ingrian: joovva

Karelian: juvva

Livonian: jūodõ

Livvi: juvva

Ludian: d'uoda

Veps: joda

Võro: juuma/juvvaq

Votic: juuvvõ

From Proto-Uralic *jëxe-. Cognates include Northern Sami juhkat, Northern Mansi аюӈкве (aûňkve) and Hungarian iszik.


tuldak

tulë- (stem)
tulën (first-person present singular)
tulin (first-person past singular)
tulgon (first-person optative singular)
tulët (present second-person singular)
tulit (past second-person singular)
tulëk (imperative second-person singular)
tulgos (optative second-person singular)
tulëbi (present singular third-person)
tuli (present singular third-person)
tuli (past singular third-person)
tulkahën (imperative singular third-person)
tulkohën (optative singular third-person)
tulëkmëk (first-person plural present)
tulëkmak (first-person plural present)
tulimëk (first-person past plural)
tulimak (first-person past plural)
tulkadëmëk (first-person imperative plural)
tulkadamak (first-person imperative plural)
tulkodëmëk (first-person optative plural)
tulkodamak (first-person optative plural)
tulëktëk (plural present second-person)
tulëktak (plural present second-person)
tulidëk (past plural second-person)
tulidak (past plural second-person)
tulkadë (imperative plural second-person)
tulkada (imperative plural second-person)
tulgot'ëk (optative plural second-person)
tulkodadak (optative plural second-person)
tulëbat (plural present third-person)
tuli (plural present third-person)
tuli (past plural third-person)
tulkahën (imperative plural third-person)
tulkohën (optative plural third-person)
tulëksën (passive present)
tulët'aksën (passive present)
tultihën (passive past)
tulëttisën (passive past)
tultagasën (imperative passive)
tulëttakahën (imperative passive)
tultagosën (optative passive)
tulëttakohën (optative passive)
tulëk (connegative present)
tulgak (connegative imperative)
tulgok (connegative optative)
tulëktak (connegative passive present)
tultagak (connegative imperative passive)
tulëttagak (connegative imperative passive)
tultagok (connegative optative passive)
tulëttagok (connegative optative passive)
tulëkcin (conditional conditional-i first-person singular)
tulicin (conditional conditional-ii first-person singular)
tullën (first-person potential singular)
tulëkcit (conditional conditional-i second-person singular)
tulicit (conditional conditional-ii second-person singular)
tullët (potential second-person singular)
tulëkci (conditional conditional-i singular third-person)
tulici (conditional conditional-ii singular third-person)
tulli (potential singular third-person)
tulëkcimëk (conditional conditional-i first-person plural)
tulëkcimak (conditional conditional-i first-person plural)
tulicimëk (conditional conditional-ii first-person plural)
tulicimak (conditional conditional-ii first-person plural)
tullëmëk (first-person plural potential)
tullëmak (first-person plural potential)
tulëkcidëk (conditional conditional-i plural second-person)
tulëkcidak (conditional conditional-i plural second-person)
tulicidëk (conditional conditional-ii plural second-person)
tulicidak (conditional conditional-ii plural second-person)
tullëdëk (plural potential second-person)
tullëdak (plural potential second-person)
tulëkci (conditional conditional-i plural third-person)
tulici (conditional conditional-ii plural third-person)
tulli (plural potential third-person)
tuldakcisën (conditional conditional-i passive)
tulët'akcihën (conditional conditional-i passive)
tulticisën (conditional conditional-ii passive)
tulëtticihën (conditional conditional-ii passive)
tultanësën (passive potential)
tulëttanëhën (passive potential)
tulëkcik (conditional conditional-i connegative)
tulicik (conditional conditional-ii connegative)
tullëk (connegative potential)
tuldakcik (conditional conditional-i connegative passive)
tulët'akcik (conditional conditional-i connegative passive)
tulticik (conditional conditional-ii connegative passive)
tulëtticik (conditional conditional-ii connegative passive)
tultanëk (connegative passive potential)
tulëttanëk (connegative passive potential)
tuldak (conditional conditional-i infinitive infinitive-i)
tulëba (active participle present)
tultaba (participle passive present)
tulëttapa (participle passive present)
tultë- (conditional conditional-i infinitive infinitive-ii)
tullut (active participle past)
tultu (participle passive past)
tulëttu (participle passive past)
tulëma (conditional conditional-i gerund supine)
tulëminen (conditional conditional-i noun-from-verb)

Estonian: tulema/tulla

Finnish: tulla

Ingrian: tulla

Karelian: tulla

Livvi: tulla

Livonian: tūlda

Ludian: tulda

Veps: tulda

Võro: tulõma/tullaq

Votic: tullõ

From Proto-Uralic *tole-. One of the words where earlier *o was raised to *u in an open syllable (cf. *lome (“snow”), *pore- (“to bite”)).


mendäk

mene- (stem)
menen (first-person present singular)
menin (first-person past singular)
mengon (first-person optative singular)
menet (present second-person singular)
menit (past second-person singular)
menek (imperative second-person singular)
mengos (optative second-person singular)
menebi (present singular third-person)
meni (present singular third-person)
meni (past singular third-person)
menkähen (imperative singular third-person)
menkohen (optative singular third-person)
menekmek (first-person plural present)
menekmäk (first-person plural present)
menimek (first-person past plural)
menimäk (first-person past plural)
menkädemek (first-person imperative plural)
menkädämäk (first-person imperative plural)
menkodemek (first-person optative plural)
menkodämäk (first-person optative plural)
menektek (plural present second-person)
menektäk (plural present second-person)
menidek (past plural second-person)
menidäk (past plural second-person)
menkäde (imperative plural second-person)
menkädä (imperative plural second-person)
mengot'ek (optative plural second-person)
menkodädäk (optative plural second-person)
menebät (plural present third-person)
meni (plural present third-person)
meni (past plural third-person)
menkähen (imperative plural third-person)
menkohen (optative plural third-person)
meneksen (passive present)
menet'äksen (passive present)
mentihen (passive past)
menettisen (passive past)
mentägäsen (imperative passive)
menettäkähen (imperative passive)
mentägosen (optative passive)
menettäkohen (optative passive)
menek (connegative present)
mengäk (connegative imperative)
mengok (connegative optative)
menektäk (connegative passive present)
mentägäk (connegative imperative passive)
menettägäk (connegative imperative passive)
mentägok (connegative optative passive)
menettägok (connegative optative passive)
menekcin (conditional conditional-i first-person singular)
menicin (conditional conditional-ii first-person singular)
mennen (first-person potential singular)
menekcit (conditional conditional-i second-person singular)
menicit (conditional conditional-ii second-person singular)
mennet (potential second-person singular)
menekci (conditional conditional-i singular third-person)
menici (conditional conditional-ii singular third-person)
menni (potential singular third-person)
menekcimek (conditional conditional-i first-person plural)
menekcimäk (conditional conditional-i first-person plural)
menicimek (conditional conditional-ii first-person plural)
menicimäk (conditional conditional-ii first-person plural)
mennemek (first-person plural potential)
mennemäk (first-person plural potential)
menekcidek (conditional conditional-i plural second-person)
menekcidäk (conditional conditional-i plural second-person)
menicidek (conditional conditional-ii plural second-person)
menicidäk (conditional conditional-ii plural second-person)
mennedek (plural potential second-person)
mennedäk (plural potential second-person)
menekci (conditional conditional-i plural third-person)
menici (conditional conditional-ii plural third-person)
menni (plural potential third-person)
mendäkcisen (conditional conditional-i passive)
menet'äkcihen (conditional conditional-i passive)
menticisen (conditional conditional-ii passive)
menetticihen (conditional conditional-ii passive)
mentänesen (passive potential)
menettänehen (passive potential)
menekcik (conditional conditional-i connegative)
menicik (conditional conditional-ii connegative)
mennek (connegative potential)
mendäkcik (conditional conditional-i connegative passive)
menet'äkcik (conditional conditional-i connegative passive)
menticik (conditional conditional-ii connegative passive)
menetticik (conditional conditional-ii connegative passive)
mentänek (connegative passive potential)
menettänek (connegative passive potential)
mendäk (conditional conditional-i infinitive infinitive-i)
menebä (active participle present)
mentäbä (participle passive present)
menettäpä (participle passive present)
mente- (conditional conditional-i infinitive infinitive-ii)
mennüt (active participle past)
mentü (participle passive past)
menettü (participle passive past)
menemä (conditional conditional-i gerund supine)
meneminen (conditional conditional-i noun-from-verb)

Estonian: minema/minna

Finnish: mennä

Ingrian: männä

Karelian: männä

Ludian: mändä

Veps: mända

Võro: minemä/minnäq

Votic: menne


näktäk

näke- (stem)
nägen (first-person present singular)
nägin (first-person past singular)
näk'on (first-person optative singular)
näget (present second-person singular)
nägit (past second-person singular)
nägek (imperative second-person singular)
näk'os (optative second-person singular)
näkebi (present singular third-person)
näki (present singular third-person)
näki (past singular third-person)
näkkähen (imperative singular third-person)
näkkohen (optative singular third-person)
nägekmek (first-person plural present)
nägekmäk (first-person plural present)
näkimek (first-person past plural)
näkimäk (first-person past plural)
näkkädemek (first-person imperative plural)
näkkädämäk (first-person imperative plural)
näkkodemek (first-person optative plural)
näkkodämäk (first-person optative plural)
nägektek (plural present second-person)
nägektäk (plural present second-person)
näkidek (past plural second-person)
näkidäk (past plural second-person)
näkkäde (imperative plural second-person)
näkkädä (imperative plural second-person)
näk'ot'ek (optative plural second-person)
näkkodädäk (optative plural second-person)
näkebät (plural present third-person)
näki (plural present third-person)
näki (past plural third-person)
näkkähen (imperative plural third-person)
näkkohen (optative plural third-person)
nägeksen (passive present)
näget'äksen (passive present)
näktihen (passive past)
nägettisen (passive past)
näktägäsen (imperative passive)
nägettäkähen (imperative passive)
näktägosen (optative passive)
nägettäkohen (optative passive)
nägek (connegative present)
näk'äk (connegative imperative)
näk'ok (connegative optative)
nägektäk (connegative passive present)
näktägäk (connegative imperative passive)
nägettägäk (connegative imperative passive)
näktägok (connegative optative passive)
nägettägok (connegative optative passive)
nägekcin (conditional conditional-i first-person singular)
näkicin (conditional conditional-ii first-person singular)
näkenen (first-person potential singular)
nägekcit (conditional conditional-i second-person singular)
näkicit (conditional conditional-ii second-person singular)
näkenet (potential second-person singular)
nägekci (conditional conditional-i singular third-person)
näkici (conditional conditional-ii singular third-person)
näkeni (potential singular third-person)
nägekcimek (conditional conditional-i first-person plural)
nägekcimäk (conditional conditional-i first-person plural)
näkicimek (conditional conditional-ii first-person plural)
näkicimäk (conditional conditional-ii first-person plural)
näkenemek (first-person plural potential)
näkenemäk (first-person plural potential)
nägekcidek (conditional conditional-i plural second-person)
nägekcidäk (conditional conditional-i plural second-person)
näkicidek (conditional conditional-ii plural second-person)
näkicidäk (conditional conditional-ii plural second-person)
näkenedek (plural potential second-person)
näkenedäk (plural potential second-person)
nägekci (conditional conditional-i plural third-person)
näkici (conditional conditional-ii plural third-person)
näkeni (plural potential third-person)
näktäkcisen (conditional conditional-i passive)
näget'äkcihen (conditional conditional-i passive)
näkticisen (conditional conditional-ii passive)
nägetticihen (conditional conditional-ii passive)
näktänesen (passive potential)
nägettänehen (passive potential)
nägekcik (conditional conditional-i connegative)
näkicik (conditional conditional-ii connegative)
näkenek (connegative potential)
näktäkcik (conditional conditional-i connegative passive)
näget'äkcik (conditional conditional-i connegative passive)
näkticik (conditional conditional-ii connegative passive)
nägetticik (conditional conditional-ii connegative passive)
näktänek (connegative passive potential)
nägettänek (connegative passive potential)
näktäk (conditional conditional-i infinitive infinitive-i)
näkebä (active participle present)
näktäbä (participle passive present)
nägettäpä (participle passive present)
näkte- (conditional conditional-i infinitive infinitive-ii)
näkenüt (active participle past)
näktü (participle passive past)
nägettü (participle passive past)
näkemä (conditional conditional-i gerund supine)
näkeminen (conditional conditional-i noun-from-verb)

Estonian: nägema/näha

Finnish: nähdä

Ingrian: nähä, (dialectal) nähhä

Karelian: nähä

Livonian: nǟ’dõ

Livvi: nähtä

Ludian: nähtä

Veps: nähta

Võro: nägemä/nätäq

Votic: nähä


kakci

kakci (nominative singular)
kaktët (nominative plural)
kaktën (accusative singular)
kaktët (accusative plural)
kaktën (genitive singular)
kaktën (genitive plural)
kakcidën (genitive plural)
kakta (partitive singular)
kakcida (partitive plural)
kaktëssa (inessive singular)
kaktëhna (inessive singular)
kakcissa (inessive plural)
kakcihna (inessive plural)
kaktësta (elative singular)
kakcista (elative plural)
kaktëhën (illative singular)
kakcihën (illative plural)
kaktëlla (adessive singular)
kakcilla (adessive plural)
kaktëlta (ablative singular)
kakcilta (ablative plural)
kaktëlën (allative singular)
kaktëlëk (allative singular)
kakcilën (allative plural)
kakcilëk (allative plural)
kaktëna (essive singular)
kakcina (essive plural)
kaktëksi (singular translative)
kakciksi (plural translative)
kaktën (instructive singular)
kakcin (instructive plural)
kaktënëk (comitative singular)
kakcinëk (comitative plural)
kaktëtta (abessive singular)
kakcitta (abessive plural)

Estonian: kaks

Finnish: kaksi

Ingrian: kaks

Karelian:

North Karelian: kakši

South Karelian: kakši, kaksi

Livonian:

Courland Livonian: kakš

Vidzeme Livonian: kaks

Livvi: kaksi

Ludian: kakš

Veps: kaks'

Võro: kats'

Votic: kahs, kahsi

From Proto-Uralic *kakta. The final vowel was modified (*kakta > *kakte) by analogy with *ükci (< *ükte).


söödäk

söö- (stem)
söön (first-person present singular)
söin (first-person past singular)
söögon (first-person optative singular)
sööt (present second-person singular)
söit (past second-person singular)
söök (imperative second-person singular)
söögos (optative second-person singular)
sööpi (present singular third-person)
söö (present singular third-person)
söi (past singular third-person)
söökähen (imperative singular third-person)
söökohen (optative singular third-person)
söökmek (first-person plural present)
söökmäk (first-person plural present)
söimek (first-person past plural)
söimäk (first-person past plural)
söökädemek (first-person imperative plural)
söökädämäk (first-person imperative plural)
söökodemek (first-person optative plural)
söökodämäk (first-person optative plural)
sööktek (plural present second-person)
sööktäk (plural present second-person)
söidek (past plural second-person)
söidäk (past plural second-person)
söökäde (imperative plural second-person)
söökädä (imperative plural second-person)
söögot'ek (optative plural second-person)
söökodädäk (optative plural second-person)
sööbät (plural present third-person)
söö (plural present third-person)
söi (past plural third-person)
söökähen (imperative plural third-person)
söökohen (optative plural third-person)
sööksen (passive present)
sööt'äksen (passive present)
söötihen (passive past)
sööttihen (passive past)
söötägäsen (imperative passive)
sööttägäsen (imperative passive)
söötägosen (optative passive)
sööttägosen (optative passive)
söök (connegative present)
söögäk (connegative imperative)
söögok (connegative optative)
sööktäk (connegative passive present)
söötägäk (connegative imperative passive)
sööttägäk (connegative imperative passive)
söötägok (connegative optative passive)
sööttägok (connegative optative passive)
söökcin (conditional conditional-i first-person singular)
söicin (conditional conditional-ii first-person singular)
söönen (first-person potential singular)
söökcit (conditional conditional-i second-person singular)
söicit (conditional conditional-ii second-person singular)
söönet (potential second-person singular)
söökci (conditional conditional-i singular third-person)
söici (conditional conditional-ii singular third-person)
sööni (potential singular third-person)
söökcimek (conditional conditional-i first-person plural)
söökcimäk (conditional conditional-i first-person plural)
söicimek (conditional conditional-ii first-person plural)
söicimäk (conditional conditional-ii first-person plural)
söönemek (first-person plural potential)
söönemäk (first-person plural potential)
söökcidek (conditional conditional-i plural second-person)
söökcidäk (conditional conditional-i plural second-person)
söicidek (conditional conditional-ii plural second-person)
söicidäk (conditional conditional-ii plural second-person)
söönedek (plural potential second-person)
söönedäk (plural potential second-person)
söökci (conditional conditional-i plural third-person)
söici (conditional conditional-ii plural third-person)
sööni (plural potential third-person)
söödäkcisen (conditional conditional-i passive)
sööt'äkcisen (conditional conditional-i passive)
sööticisen (conditional conditional-ii passive)
söötticisen (conditional conditional-ii passive)
söötänesen (passive potential)
sööttänesen (passive potential)
söökcik (conditional conditional-i connegative)
söicik (conditional conditional-ii connegative)
söönek (connegative potential)
söödäkcik (conditional conditional-i connegative passive)
sööt'äkcik (conditional conditional-i connegative passive)
sööticik (conditional conditional-ii connegative passive)
söötticik (conditional conditional-ii connegative passive)
söötänek (connegative passive potential)
sööttänek (connegative passive potential)
söödäk (conditional conditional-i infinitive infinitive-i)
sööpä (active participle present)
söötäbä (participle passive present)
sööttäbä (participle passive present)
sööte- (conditional conditional-i infinitive infinitive-ii)
söönüt (active participle past)
söötü (participle passive past)
sööttü (participle passive past)
söömä (conditional conditional-i gerund supine)
sööminen (conditional conditional-i noun-from-verb)

Estonian: sööma/süüa

Finnish: syödä

Ingrian: söövvä, syyvvä

Karelian: syvvä

Livonian: sīedõ

Livvi: syvvä

Ludian: süödä

Veps: söda

Võro: süümä/süvväq

Votic: süüvve


tektäk

teke- (stem)
tegen (first-person present singular)
tegin (first-person past singular)
tek'on (first-person optative singular)
teget (present second-person singular)
tegit (past second-person singular)
tegek (imperative second-person singular)
tek'os (optative second-person singular)
tekebi (present singular third-person)
teki (present singular third-person)
teki (past singular third-person)
tekkähen (imperative singular third-person)
tekkohen (optative singular third-person)
tegekmek (first-person plural present)
tegekmäk (first-person plural present)
tekimek (first-person past plural)
tekimäk (first-person past plural)
tekkädemek (first-person imperative plural)
tekkädämäk (first-person imperative plural)
tekkodemek (first-person optative plural)
tekkodämäk (first-person optative plural)
tegektek (plural present second-person)
tegektäk (plural present second-person)
tekidek (past plural second-person)
tekidäk (past plural second-person)
tekkäde (imperative plural second-person)
tekkädä (imperative plural second-person)
tek'ot'ek (optative plural second-person)
tekkodädäk (optative plural second-person)
tekebät (plural present third-person)
teki (plural present third-person)
teki (past plural third-person)
tekkähen (imperative plural third-person)
tekkohen (optative plural third-person)
tegeksen (passive present)
teget'äksen (passive present)
tektihen (passive past)
tegettisen (passive past)
tektägäsen (imperative passive)
tegettäkähen (imperative passive)
tektägosen (optative passive)
tegettäkohen (optative passive)
tegek (connegative present)
tek'äk (connegative imperative)
tek'ok (connegative optative)
tegektäk (connegative passive present)
tektägäk (connegative imperative passive)
tegettägäk (connegative imperative passive)
tektägok (connegative optative passive)
tegettägok (connegative optative passive)
tegekcin (conditional conditional-i first-person singular)
tekicin (conditional conditional-ii first-person singular)
tekenen (first-person potential singular)
tegekcit (conditional conditional-i second-person singular)
tekicit (conditional conditional-ii second-person singular)
tekenet (potential second-person singular)
tegekci (conditional conditional-i singular third-person)
tekici (conditional conditional-ii singular third-person)
tekeni (potential singular third-person)
tegekcimek (conditional conditional-i first-person plural)
tegekcimäk (conditional conditional-i first-person plural)
tekicimek (conditional conditional-ii first-person plural)
tekicimäk (conditional conditional-ii first-person plural)
tekenemek (first-person plural potential)
tekenemäk (first-person plural potential)
tegekcidek (conditional conditional-i plural second-person)
tegekcidäk (conditional conditional-i plural second-person)
tekicidek (conditional conditional-ii plural second-person)
tekicidäk (conditional conditional-ii plural second-person)
tekenedek (plural potential second-person)
tekenedäk (plural potential second-person)
tegekci (conditional conditional-i plural third-person)
tekici (conditional conditional-ii plural third-person)
tekeni (plural potential third-person)
tektäkcisen (conditional conditional-i passive)
teget'äkcihen (conditional conditional-i passive)
tekticisen (conditional conditional-ii passive)
tegetticihen (conditional conditional-ii passive)
tektänesen (passive potential)
tegettänehen (passive potential)
tegekcik (conditional conditional-i connegative)
tekicik (conditional conditional-ii connegative)
tekenek (connegative potential)
tektäkcik (conditional conditional-i connegative passive)
teget'äkcik (conditional conditional-i connegative passive)
tekticik (conditional conditional-ii connegative passive)
tegetticik (conditional conditional-ii connegative passive)
tektänek (connegative passive potential)
tegettänek (connegative passive potential)
tektäk (conditional conditional-i infinitive infinitive-i)
tekebä (active participle present)
tektäbä (participle passive present)
tegettäpä (participle passive present)
tekte- (conditional conditional-i infinitive infinitive-ii)
tekenüt (active participle past)
tektü (participle passive past)
tegettü (participle passive past)
tekemä (conditional conditional-i gerund supine)
tekeminen (conditional conditional-i noun-from-verb)

Estonian: tegema/teha

Finnish: tehdä

Meänkieli: tehhä

Ingrian: tehä, (dialectal) tehhä

Karelian: tehtä

Livonian: tied

Veps: tehta

Võro: tegemä/tetäq

Votic: tehä


taina

taina (nominative singular)
tainat (nominative plural)
tainan (accusative singular)
tainat (accusative plural)
tainan (genitive singular)
tainadën (genitive plural)
tainoidën (genitive plural)
tainada (partitive singular)
tainoida (partitive plural)
tainassa (inessive singular)
tainahna (inessive singular)
tainoissa (inessive plural)
tainoihna (inessive plural)
tainasta (elative singular)
tainoista (elative plural)
tainahën (illative singular)
tainoihën (illative plural)
tainalla (adessive singular)
tainoilla (adessive plural)
tainalta (ablative singular)
tainoilta (ablative plural)
tainalën (allative singular)
tainalëk (allative singular)
tainoilën (allative plural)
tainoilëk (allative plural)
tainana (essive singular)
tainoina (essive plural)
tainaksi (singular translative)
tainoiksi (plural translative)
tainan (instructive singular)
tainoin (instructive plural)
tainanëk (comitative singular)
tainoinëk (comitative plural)
tainatta (abessive singular)
tainoitta (abessive plural)

q

in compound: sootainad <abbr title="plural number">pl</abbr>

Estonian: (obsolete?) -tainad (in compound: sootainad pl)

Finnish: (dialectal) taina

Karelian:

South Karelian: taina

Livvi: tainu

Ludian: tain

Veps: tain

Borrowed from Proto-Norse [script needed] (*tainaʀ), or already from Proto-Germanic *tainaz (compare Norwegian Nynorsk tein (“offshoot, spindle”)).


pereh

pereh (nominative singular)
perehet (nominative plural)
perehen (accusative singular)
perehet (accusative plural)
perehen (genitive singular)
perehten (genitive plural)
perehiden (genitive plural)
perehtä (partitive singular)
perehitä (partitive plural)
perehessä (inessive singular)
perehehnä (inessive singular)
perehissä (inessive plural)
perehihnä (inessive plural)
perehestä (elative singular)
perehistä (elative plural)
perehesen (illative singular)
perehisen (illative plural)
perehellä (adessive singular)
perehillä (adessive plural)
pereheltä (ablative singular)
perehiltä (ablative plural)
perehelen (allative singular)
perehelek (allative singular)
perehilen (allative plural)
perehilek (allative plural)
perehenä (essive singular)
perehinä (essive plural)
pereheksi (singular translative)
perehiksi (plural translative)
perehen (instructive singular)
perehin (instructive plural)
perehenek (comitative singular)
perehinek (comitative plural)
perehettä (abessive singular)
perehittä (abessive plural)

Estonian: pere

→ Livonian: perī-

Finnish: perhe

Ingrian: pere

Karelian:

North Karelian: pereh

South Karelian: pereh

Livvi: pereh

Ludian: pereh

Veps: pereh

Võro: pereh

Votic: pere

→ Proto-Samic:

Northern Sami: bearaš

Inari Sami: peerâ

Skolt Sami: piâr

Kildin Sami: пӣрас (pīras)

Ter Sami: [script needed] (pīrs)

From earlier *pereš, probably from *perä + *-ëh.


hibus

hibus (nominative singular)
hibuksët (nominative plural)
hibuksën (accusative singular)
hibuksët (accusative plural)
hibuksën (genitive singular)
hibustën (genitive plural)
hibuksidën (genitive plural)
hibusta (partitive singular)
hibuksita (partitive plural)
hibuksëssa (inessive singular)
hibuksëhna (inessive singular)
hibuksissa (inessive plural)
hibuksihna (inessive plural)
hibuksësta (elative singular)
hibuksista (elative plural)
hibuksësën (illative singular)
hibuksisën (illative plural)
hibuksëlla (adessive singular)
hibuksilla (adessive plural)
hibuksëlta (ablative singular)
hibuksilta (ablative plural)
hibuksëlën (allative singular)
hibuksëlëk (allative singular)
hibuksilën (allative plural)
hibuksilëk (allative plural)
hibussa (essive singular)
hibuksina (essive plural)
hibuksëksi (singular translative)
hibuksiksi (plural translative)
hibuksën (instructive singular)
hibuksin (instructive plural)
hibussëk (comitative singular)
hibuksinëk (comitative plural)
hibuksëtta (abessive singular)
hibuksitta (abessive plural)

Estonian: juus

Finnish: hius

Ingrian: hius

Karelian: hivus

Livonian: ibūks

Livvi: hivus

→ Ludian: hivus

Veps: hibuz

Võro: hius

Votic: ivuz

From Proto-Germanic *hiwją with the suffix *-us, either directly or later within Finnic as *hipjä (“skin”) + *-us. Loss of *h in Estonian is irregular, but could be due to the influence of *iho (“skin”).

(usually in the plural) hair on the head


sumpa

sumpa (nominative singular)
sumbat (nominative plural)
sumban (accusative singular)
sumbat (accusative plural)
sumban (genitive singular)
sumpadën (genitive plural)
sumpëidën (genitive plural)
sumpada (partitive singular)
sumpëida (partitive plural)
sumbassa (inessive singular)
sumbahna (inessive singular)
sumbëissa (inessive plural)
sumbëihna (inessive plural)
sumbasta (elative singular)
sumbëista (elative plural)
sumpahën (illative singular)
sumpëihën (illative plural)
sumballa (adessive singular)
sumbëilla (adessive plural)
sumbalta (ablative singular)
sumbëilta (ablative plural)
sumpalën (allative singular)
sumpalëk (allative singular)
sumpëilën (allative plural)
sumpëilëk (allative plural)
sumpana (essive singular)
sumpëina (essive plural)
sumbaksi (singular translative)
sumbëiksi (plural translative)
sumban (instructive singular)
sumbëin (instructive plural)
sumpanëk (comitative singular)
sumpëinëk (comitative plural)
sumbatta (abessive singular)
sumbëitta (abessive plural)

Estonian: summ, (dialectal) sumb

Finnish: (dialectal) sumpa

Karelian:

North Karelian: šumpa

South Karelian: šumba

Livvi: sumbu

Ludian: sumb

Võro: summ

Finnish: suma

Karelian:

North Karelian: šuma

South Karelian: šuma

Livvi: suma


pihti

pihti (nominative singular)
pihtet (nominative plural)
pihten (accusative singular)
pihtet (accusative plural)
pihten (genitive singular)
pihteden (genitive plural)
pihtiden (genitive plural)
pihtedä (partitive singular)
pihtidä (partitive plural)
pihtessä (inessive singular)
pihtehnä (inessive singular)
pihtissä (inessive plural)
pihtihnä (inessive plural)
pihtestä (elative singular)
pihtistä (elative plural)
pihtehen (illative singular)
pihtihen (illative plural)
pihtellä (adessive singular)
pihtillä (adessive plural)
pihteltä (ablative singular)
pihtiltä (ablative plural)
pihtelen (allative singular)
pihtelek (allative singular)
pihtilen (allative plural)
pihtilek (allative plural)
pihtenä (essive singular)
pihtinä (essive plural)
pihteksi (singular translative)
pihtiksi (plural translative)
pihten (instructive singular)
pihtin (instructive plural)
pihtenek (comitative singular)
pihtinek (comitative plural)
pihtettä (abessive singular)
pihtittä (abessive plural)

Estonian: piht, pihid pl

Finnish: pihti, pihdit pl

Ingrian: pihet pl

Karelian: pihti, pihet pl

Livvi: piihtet pl

Ludian: piihted pl

Veps: pihthed pl

Võro: pihtõq pl

Votic: pihed pl

From Proto-Finno-Permic *pište. Cognate with Proto-Samic *pëstë.


sorka

sorka (nominative singular)
sorgat (nominative plural)
sorgan (accusative singular)
sorgat (accusative plural)
sorgan (genitive singular)
sorkadën (genitive plural)
sorkëidën (genitive plural)
sorkada (partitive singular)
sorkëida (partitive plural)
sorgassa (inessive singular)
sorgahna (inessive singular)
sorgëissa (inessive plural)
sorgëihna (inessive plural)
sorgasta (elative singular)
sorgëista (elative plural)
sorkahën (illative singular)
sorkëihën (illative plural)
sorgalla (adessive singular)
sorgëilla (adessive plural)
sorgalta (ablative singular)
sorgëilta (ablative plural)
sorkalën (allative singular)
sorkalëk (allative singular)
sorkëilën (allative plural)
sorkëilëk (allative plural)
sorkana (essive singular)
sorkëina (essive plural)
sorgaksi (singular translative)
sorgëiksi (plural translative)
sorgan (instructive singular)
sorgëin (instructive plural)
sorkanëk (comitative singular)
sorkëinëk (comitative plural)
sorgatta (abessive singular)
sorgëitta (abessive plural)

Estonian: sõrg

Livonian: sȭrga

Võro: sõrg

Votic: sorkõ

Finnish: sorkka

Ingrian: sorkka

→ Votic: sorkkõ

Karelian:

North Karelian: šorkka

South Karelian: sorkka

Livvi: sorku

Ludian: sork

Unknown. Possibly from *sormi + *-ka or the two are parallel derivatives.

cloven hoof (divided hoof, as in bovine animals)


cika

cika (nominative singular)
cigat (nominative plural)
cigan (accusative singular)
cigat (accusative plural)
cigan (genitive singular)
cikadën (genitive plural)
cikoidën (genitive plural)
cikada (partitive singular)
cikoida (partitive plural)
cigassa (inessive singular)
cigahna (inessive singular)
cigoissa (inessive plural)
cigoihna (inessive plural)
cigasta (elative singular)
cigoista (elative plural)
cikahën (illative singular)
cikoihën (illative plural)
cigalla (adessive singular)
cigoilla (adessive plural)
cigalta (ablative singular)
cigoilta (ablative plural)
cikalën (allative singular)
cikalëk (allative singular)
cikoilën (allative plural)
cikoilëk (allative plural)
cikana (essive singular)
cikoina (essive plural)
cigaksi (singular translative)
cigoiksi (plural translative)
cigan (instructive singular)
cigoin (instructive plural)
cikanëk (comitative singular)
cikoinëk (comitative plural)
cigatta (abessive singular)
cigoitta (abessive plural)

Estonian: siga

Finnish: sika

Ingrian: sika

Karelian:

North Karelian: šika

South Karelian: šiga

Livonian: sigā

Livvi: siga

Ludian: šiga

Veps: siga

Võro: tsiga

Votic: sika

→ Inari Sami: šahe

→ Skolt Sami: šââ´ǩǩ

→ Kildin Sami: шагкь (šagk’)

→ Ter Sami: šâkke

desc

→ Russian: (dialectal) сика (sika), жижка (žižka)

From earlier *tika, as a part of the old layer of agricultural terminology in the more western Uralic languages whose origin remains unclear. Generally considered to be related at least to the words for "pig" in the Mordvinic languages (Erzya туво (tuvo), Moksha тува (tuva)), although the sound correspondences are not entirely regular. According to Koivulehto, the word might be a loanword from Proto-West Germanic *tigā (“goat”) (whence German Ziege), but this remains uncertain due to the semantic difference (compare however *lehmä). Another possibility is an old borrowing from Balto-Slavic from the same word whence Proto-Slavic *dikъ (“wild animal, especially a wild boar”), in which case the word would be cognate with Polish dzik (“wild boar”) and possibly Laconian Ancient Greek σίκα (síka, “pig”).

unk

unclear


oikëda

Estonian: õige

Finnish: oikea

Ingrian: oikia

Karelian: (Northern) oikie, (Southern) oigie

Livvi: oigei

Ludian: oiged

Veps: oiged

Võro: õigõ

Votic: õika

From Proto-Finno-Permic *wojketa. Cognate with Proto-Mordvinic *vijəďə.


korkëda

korkëda (nominative singular)
korkëdat (nominative plural)
korkëdan (accusative singular)
korkëdat (accusative plural)
korkëdan (genitive singular)
korkëdadën (genitive plural)
korkëdëidën (genitive plural)
korkëdata (partitive singular)
korkëdëita (partitive plural)
korkëdassa (inessive singular)
korkëdahna (inessive singular)
korkëdëissa (inessive plural)
korkëdëihna (inessive plural)
korkëdasta (elative singular)
korkëdëista (elative plural)
korkëdasën (illative singular)
korkëdëisën (illative plural)
korkëdalla (adessive singular)
korkëdëilla (adessive plural)
korkëdalta (ablative singular)
korkëdëilta (ablative plural)
korkëdalën (allative singular)
korkëdalëk (allative singular)
korkëdëilën (allative plural)
korkëdëilëk (allative plural)
korkëdana (essive singular)
korkëdëina (essive plural)
korkëdaksi (singular translative)
korkëdëiksi (plural translative)
korkëdan (instructive singular)
korkëdëin (instructive plural)
korkëdanëk (comitative singular)
korkëdëinëk (comitative plural)
korkëdatta (abessive singular)
korkëdëitta (abessive plural)

Estonian: kõrge

Finnish: korkea

Ingrian: korkia

Karelian:

North Karelian: korkie

South Karelian: korgie

Livonian: kuord

Livvi: korgei

Ludian: korged

Veps: korged

Võro: korgõ

Votic: kõrka

Possibly from Proto-Finno-Permic [Term?] if akin to Moksha кърхка (kərhka, “deep”), with the suffix *-ëda.


süü

süü (nominative singular)
süüt (nominative plural)
süün (accusative singular)
süüt (accusative plural)
süün (genitive singular)
süüden (genitive plural)
süiden (genitive plural)
süütä (partitive singular)
süitä (partitive plural)
süüssä (inessive singular)
süühnä (inessive singular)
süissä (inessive plural)
süihnä (inessive plural)
süüstä (elative singular)
süistä (elative plural)
süüsen (illative singular)
süisen (illative plural)
süüllä (adessive singular)
süillä (adessive plural)
süültä (ablative singular)
süiltä (ablative plural)
süülen (allative singular)
süülek (allative singular)
süilen (allative plural)
süilek (allative plural)
süünä (essive singular)
süinä (essive plural)
süüksi (singular translative)
süiksi (plural translative)
süün (instructive singular)
süin (instructive plural)
süünek (comitative singular)
süinek (comitative plural)
süüttä (abessive singular)
süittä (abessive plural)

Estonian: süü

Finnish: syy

→ Inari Sami: suijâ

→ Lule Sami: sivva

→ Northern Sami: sivva, suddja

Ingrian: syy

Livonian: sī

Veps: sü

Võro: süü

Votic: süü

From Proto-Uralic *süxe or *süje. Cognates include Komi-Zyrian сі (si). The abstract meaning is specific to Baltic-Finnic.


keeli

keeli (nominative singular)
keelet (nominative plural)
keelen (accusative singular)
keelet (accusative plural)
keelen (genitive singular)
keelden (genitive plural)
keeliden (genitive plural)
keeltä (partitive singular)
keelidä (partitive plural)
keelessä (inessive singular)
keelehnä (inessive singular)
keelissä (inessive plural)
keelihnä (inessive plural)
keelestä (elative singular)
keelistä (elative plural)
keelehen (illative singular)
keelihen (illative plural)
keelellä (adessive singular)
keelillä (adessive plural)
keeleltä (ablative singular)
keeliltä (ablative plural)
keelelen (allative singular)
keelelek (allative singular)
keelilen (allative plural)
keelilek (allative plural)
keellä (essive singular)
keelinä (essive plural)
keeleksi (singular translative)
keeliksi (plural translative)
keelen (instructive singular)
keelin (instructive plural)
keellek (comitative singular)
keelinek (comitative plural)
keelettä (abessive singular)
keelittä (abessive plural)

Estonian: keel

desctree

Finnish: kieli
Kven: kieli
Meänkieli: kieli

Ingrian: keeli, keel

Karelian: kieli

Livonian:

Courland Livonian: kēļ

Vidzeme Livonian: kiel

Livvi: kieli

Ludian: kielʹ

Veps: kel'

Võro: kiil'

Votic: tšeeli

From Proto-Uralic *käle. Cognates include Proto-Samic *kielë, Proto-Mordvinic *keľ.


uuci

uuci (nominative singular)
uudët (nominative plural)
uudën (accusative singular)
uudët (accusative plural)
uudën (genitive singular)
uut'ën (genitive plural)
uucidën (genitive plural)
uutta (partitive singular)
uucida (partitive plural)
uudëssa (inessive singular)
uudëhna (inessive singular)
uucissa (inessive plural)
uucihna (inessive plural)
uudësta (elative singular)
uucista (elative plural)
uutëhën (illative singular)
uucihën (illative plural)
uudëlla (adessive singular)
uucilla (adessive plural)
uudëlta (ablative singular)
uucilta (ablative plural)
uutëlën (allative singular)
uutëlëk (allative singular)
uucilën (allative plural)
uucilëk (allative plural)
uunna (essive singular)
uucina (essive plural)
uudëksi (singular translative)
uuciksi (plural translative)
uudën (instructive singular)
uucin (instructive plural)
uunnëk (comitative singular)
uucinëk (comitative plural)
uudëtta (abessive singular)
uucitta (abessive plural)

Estonian: uus

Finnish: uusi

Ingrian: uus

Karelian: uuzi

Livonian: ūž

Ludian: uuz'

Veps: uz'

Votic: uusi

From Proto-Finno-Ugric *wuďe (“new”) (whence also e.g. Proto-Samic *oδës, Hungarian új). The long vowel is unexpected, but may result from an irregular vocalization of initial *w-.


pimedä

pimedä (nominative singular)
pimedät (nominative plural)
pimedän (accusative singular)
pimedät (accusative plural)
pimedän (genitive singular)
pimedäden (genitive plural)
pimedeiden (genitive plural)
pimedätä (partitive singular)
pimedeitä (partitive plural)
pimedässä (inessive singular)
pimedähnä (inessive singular)
pimedeissä (inessive plural)
pimedeihnä (inessive plural)
pimedästä (elative singular)
pimedeistä (elative plural)
pimedäsen (illative singular)
pimedeisen (illative plural)
pimedällä (adessive singular)
pimedeillä (adessive plural)
pimedältä (ablative singular)
pimedeiltä (ablative plural)
pimedälen (allative singular)
pimedälek (allative singular)
pimedeilen (allative plural)
pimedeilek (allative plural)
pimedänä (essive singular)
pimedeinä (essive plural)
pimedäksi (singular translative)
pimedeiksi (plural translative)
pimedän (instructive singular)
pimedein (instructive plural)
pimedänek (comitative singular)
pimedeinek (comitative plural)
pimedättä (abessive singular)
pimedeittä (abessive plural)

Estonian: pime

Finnish: pimeä

Ingrian: pimmiä

Karelian:

North Karelian: pimie

South Karelian: pimie

Livvi: pimei

Livonian: pi'mdõ, (Salaca) pimd

Ludian: pimed

Veps: pimed

>? Võro: pümme

Votic: pimmiä

From Proto-Uralic *piľme with the suffix *-ëda. The form is somewhat irregular; *pilmedä would be expected.