küünel

küünel (nominative singular)
küünelet (nominative plural)
küünelen (accusative singular)
küünelet (accusative plural)
küünelen (genitive singular)
küünelden (genitive plural)
küüneliden (genitive plural)
küüneltä (partitive singular)
küünelitä (partitive plural)
küünelessä (inessive singular)
küünelehnä (inessive singular)
küünelissä (inessive plural)
küünelihnä (inessive plural)
küünelestä (elative singular)
küünelistä (elative plural)
küünelesen (illative singular)
küünelisen (illative plural)
küünelellä (adessive singular)
küünelillä (adessive plural)
küüneleltä (ablative singular)
küüneliltä (ablative plural)
küünelelen (allative singular)
küünelelek (allative singular)
küünelilen (allative plural)
küünelilek (allative plural)
küünellä (essive singular)
küünelinä (essive plural)
küüneleksi (singular translative)
küüneliksi (plural translative)
küünelen (instructive singular)
küünelin (instructive plural)
küünellek (comitative singular)
küünelinek (comitative plural)
küünelettä (abessive singular)
küünelittä (abessive plural)

Finnish: kyynel, kyynele

Ingrian: kyynel

Karelian: kyynel

Livonian: kīņḑõl

Livvi: kyynäl

Ludian: küünäl

Veps: kündal'

Votic: tšüünel

From Proto-Uralic *küńele. The long vowel is unexpected, but has been explained as being from earlier *küinel, where the diphthong would have originated from the influence of the original palatal nasal. Cognates include Proto-Samic *këńël.


repoi

repoi (nominative singular)
reboit (nominative plural)
reboin (accusative singular)
reboit (accusative plural)
reboin (genitive singular)
repoidën (genitive plural)
repoida (partitive singular)
repoida (partitive plural)
reboissa (inessive singular)
reboihna (inessive singular)
reboissa (inessive plural)
reboihna (inessive plural)
reboista (elative singular)
reboista (elative plural)
repoihën (illative singular)
repoihën (illative plural)
reboilla (adessive singular)
reboilla (adessive plural)
reboilta (ablative singular)
reboilta (ablative plural)
repoilën (allative singular)
repoilëk (allative singular)
repoilën (allative plural)
repoilëk (allative plural)
repoina (essive singular)
repoina (essive plural)
reboiksi (singular translative)
reboiksi (plural translative)
reboin (instructive singular)
reboin (instructive plural)
repoinëk (comitative singular)
repoinëk (comitative plural)
reboitta (abessive singular)
reboitta (abessive plural)

Estonian: rebu

Finnish: repo

Ingrian: repo, (dialectal) repoi

Karelian:

North Karelian: repo

South Karelian: rebo

Livvi: reboi

Ludian: reboi

Veps: reboi, (Northern, Middle) rebii

Võro: rebo

Votic: repo

From a root *repä + *-oi, from Proto-Finno-Permic *repä, borrowed from early Indo-Iranian (compare Proto-Indo-Iranian *HlawpaHćás, Sanskrit लोपि (lopi), Avestan 𐬭𐬀𐬊𐬞𐬌 (raopi)). Cognates include Erzya ривезь (ŕiveź), Eastern Mari рывыж (ryvyž), Komi-Permyak руч (ruć) and Udmurt ӟичы (dźićy), which are all either from the same Finno-Permic root or parallel borrowings.


imedäk

ime- (stem)
imen (first-person present singular)
imin (first-person past singular)
imegon (first-person optative singular)
imet (present second-person singular)
imit (past second-person singular)
imek (imperative second-person singular)
imegos (optative second-person singular)
imebi (present singular third-person)
imi (present singular third-person)
imi (past singular third-person)
imegäsen (imperative singular third-person)
imegosen (optative singular third-person)
imekmek (first-person plural present)
imekmäk (first-person plural present)
imimek (first-person past plural)
imimäk (first-person past plural)
imegätemek (first-person imperative plural)
imegätämäk (first-person imperative plural)
imegotemek (first-person optative plural)
imegotämäk (first-person optative plural)
imektek (plural present second-person)
imektäk (plural present second-person)
imidek (past plural second-person)
imidäk (past plural second-person)
imegäte (imperative plural second-person)
imegätä (imperative plural second-person)
imegot'ek (optative plural second-person)
imegotädäk (optative plural second-person)
imebät (plural present third-person)
imi (plural present third-person)
imi (past plural third-person)
imegäsen (imperative plural third-person)
imegosen (optative plural third-person)
imeksen (passive present)
imet'äksen (passive present)
imedisen (passive past)
imettisen (passive past)
imedäkähen (imperative passive)
imettäkähen (imperative passive)
imedäkohen (optative passive)
imettäkohen (optative passive)
imek (connegative present)
imegäk (connegative imperative)
imegok (connegative optative)
imektäk (connegative passive present)
imedägäk (connegative imperative passive)
imettägäk (connegative imperative passive)
imedägok (connegative optative passive)
imettägok (connegative optative passive)
imekcin (conditional conditional-i first-person singular)
imicin (conditional conditional-ii first-person singular)
imenen (first-person potential singular)
imekcit (conditional conditional-i second-person singular)
imicit (conditional conditional-ii second-person singular)
imenet (potential second-person singular)
imekci (conditional conditional-i singular third-person)
imici (conditional conditional-ii singular third-person)
imeni (potential singular third-person)
imekcimek (conditional conditional-i first-person plural)
imekcimäk (conditional conditional-i first-person plural)
imicimek (conditional conditional-ii first-person plural)
imicimäk (conditional conditional-ii first-person plural)
imenemek (first-person plural potential)
imenemäk (first-person plural potential)
imekcidek (conditional conditional-i plural second-person)
imekcidäk (conditional conditional-i plural second-person)
imicidek (conditional conditional-ii plural second-person)
imicidäk (conditional conditional-ii plural second-person)
imenedek (plural potential second-person)
imenedäk (plural potential second-person)
imekci (conditional conditional-i plural third-person)
imici (conditional conditional-ii plural third-person)
imeni (plural potential third-person)
imedäkcihen (conditional conditional-i passive)
imet'äkcihen (conditional conditional-i passive)
imedicihen (conditional conditional-ii passive)
imetticihen (conditional conditional-ii passive)
imedänehen (passive potential)
imettänehen (passive potential)
imekcik (conditional conditional-i connegative)
imicik (conditional conditional-ii connegative)
imenek (connegative potential)
imedäkcik (conditional conditional-i connegative passive)
imet'äkcik (conditional conditional-i connegative passive)
imedicik (conditional conditional-ii connegative passive)
imetticik (conditional conditional-ii connegative passive)
imedänek (connegative passive potential)
imettänek (connegative passive potential)
imedäk (conditional conditional-i infinitive infinitive-i)
imebä (active participle present)
imedäpä (participle passive present)
imettäpä (participle passive present)
imede- (conditional conditional-i infinitive infinitive-ii)
imenüt (active participle past)
imedü (participle passive past)
imettü (participle passive past)
imemä (conditional conditional-i gerund supine)
imeminen (conditional conditional-i noun-from-verb)

Estonian: imema/imeda

Finnish: imeä

Ingrian: immiä

Karelian:

North Karelian: imie

South Karelian: imie

desc

Livonian: (Courland) i’mmõ, (Salaca) imm

Livvi: imie

Ludian: imedä

Veps: imeda

Võro: imemä/immeq

Votic: immiä


vävü

vävü (nominative singular)
vävüt (nominative plural)
vävün (accusative singular)
vävüt (accusative plural)
vävün (genitive singular)
vävüden (genitive plural)
vävüiden (genitive plural)
vävüdä (partitive singular)
vävüidä (partitive plural)
vävüssä (inessive singular)
vävühnä (inessive singular)
vävüissä (inessive plural)
vävüihnä (inessive plural)
vävüstä (elative singular)
vävüistä (elative plural)
vävühen (illative singular)
vävüihen (illative plural)
vävüllä (adessive singular)
vävüillä (adessive plural)
vävültä (ablative singular)
vävüiltä (ablative plural)
vävülen (allative singular)
vävülek (allative singular)
vävüilen (allative plural)
vävüilek (allative plural)
vävünä (essive singular)
vävüinä (essive plural)
vävüksi (singular translative)
vävüiksi (plural translative)
vävün (instructive singular)
vävüin (instructive plural)
vävünek (comitative singular)
vävüinek (comitative plural)
vävüttä (abessive singular)
vävüittä (abessive plural)

Estonian: väi

Finnish: vävy

Ingrian: vävy

Karelian: vävy

Ludian: vävü

Veps: vävu

Võro: väü

Votic: vävü


uidak

ui- (stem)
uin (first-person present singular)
uin (first-person past singular)
uigon (first-person optative singular)
uit (present second-person singular)
uit (past second-person singular)
uik (imperative second-person singular)
uigos (optative second-person singular)
uipi (present singular third-person)
ui (present singular third-person)
ui (past singular third-person)
uikahën (imperative singular third-person)
uikohën (optative singular third-person)
uikmëk (first-person plural present)
uikmak (first-person plural present)
uimëk (first-person past plural)
uimak (first-person past plural)
uikadëmëk (first-person imperative plural)
uikadamak (first-person imperative plural)
uikodëmëk (first-person optative plural)
uikodamak (first-person optative plural)
uiktëk (plural present second-person)
uiktak (plural present second-person)
uidëk (past plural second-person)
uidak (past plural second-person)
uikadë (imperative plural second-person)
uikada (imperative plural second-person)
uigot'ëk (optative plural second-person)
uikodadak (optative plural second-person)
uibat (plural present third-person)
ui (plural present third-person)
ui (past plural third-person)
uikahën (imperative plural third-person)
uikohën (optative plural third-person)
uiksën (passive present)
uit'aksën (passive present)
uitihën (passive past)
uittihën (passive past)
uitagasën (imperative passive)
uittagasën (imperative passive)
uitagosën (optative passive)
uittagosën (optative passive)
uik (connegative present)
uigak (connegative imperative)
uigok (connegative optative)
uiktak (connegative passive present)
uitagak (connegative imperative passive)
uittagak (connegative imperative passive)
uitagok (connegative optative passive)
uittagok (connegative optative passive)
uikcin (conditional conditional-i first-person singular)
uicin (conditional conditional-ii first-person singular)
uinën (first-person potential singular)
uikcit (conditional conditional-i second-person singular)
uicit (conditional conditional-ii second-person singular)
uinët (potential second-person singular)
uikci (conditional conditional-i singular third-person)
uici (conditional conditional-ii singular third-person)
uini (potential singular third-person)
uikcimëk (conditional conditional-i first-person plural)
uikcimak (conditional conditional-i first-person plural)
uicimëk (conditional conditional-ii first-person plural)
uicimak (conditional conditional-ii first-person plural)
uinëmëk (first-person plural potential)
uinëmak (first-person plural potential)
uikcidëk (conditional conditional-i plural second-person)
uikcidak (conditional conditional-i plural second-person)
uicidëk (conditional conditional-ii plural second-person)
uicidak (conditional conditional-ii plural second-person)
uinëdëk (plural potential second-person)
uinëdak (plural potential second-person)
uikci (conditional conditional-i plural third-person)
uici (conditional conditional-ii plural third-person)
uini (plural potential third-person)
uidakcisën (conditional conditional-i passive)
uit'akcisën (conditional conditional-i passive)
uiticisën (conditional conditional-ii passive)
uitticisën (conditional conditional-ii passive)
uitanësën (passive potential)
uittanësën (passive potential)
uikcik (conditional conditional-i connegative)
uicik (conditional conditional-ii connegative)
uinëk (connegative potential)
uidakcik (conditional conditional-i connegative passive)
uit'akcik (conditional conditional-i connegative passive)
uiticik (conditional conditional-ii connegative passive)
uitticik (conditional conditional-ii connegative passive)
uitanëk (connegative passive potential)
uittanëk (connegative passive potential)
uidak (conditional conditional-i infinitive infinitive-i)
uipa (active participle present)
uitaba (participle passive present)
uittaba (participle passive present)
uitë- (conditional conditional-i infinitive infinitive-ii)
uinut (active participle past)
uitu (participle passive past)
uittu (participle passive past)
uima (conditional conditional-i gerund supine)
uiminen (conditional conditional-i noun-from-verb)

Finnish: uida

Karelian: uija

Livvi: uidua


neemi

neemi (nominative singular)
neemet (nominative plural)
neemen (accusative singular)
neemet (accusative plural)
neemen (genitive singular)
neenden (genitive plural)
neemiden (genitive plural)
neentä (partitive singular)
neemidä (partitive plural)
neemessä (inessive singular)
neemehnä (inessive singular)
neemissä (inessive plural)
neemihnä (inessive plural)
neemestä (elative singular)
neemistä (elative plural)
neemehen (illative singular)
neemihen (illative plural)
neemellä (adessive singular)
neemillä (adessive plural)
neemeltä (ablative singular)
neemiltä (ablative plural)
neemelen (allative singular)
neemelek (allative singular)
neemilen (allative plural)
neemilek (allative plural)
neemenä (essive singular)
neeminä (essive plural)
neemeksi (singular translative)
neemiksi (plural translative)
neemen (instructive singular)
neemin (instructive plural)
neemenek (comitative singular)
neeminek (comitative plural)
neemettä (abessive singular)
neemittä (abessive plural)

Estonian: neem

Finnish: niemi

Ingrian: neemi

Karelian: niemi

Livvi: niemi

Ludian: niem

Veps: nem'

Votic: neemi

Unknown, suggested as possibly derived from a substrate.


lakci

lakci (nominative singular)
laktët (nominative plural)
laktën (accusative singular)
laktët (accusative plural)
laktën (genitive singular)
laktën (genitive plural)
lakcidën (genitive plural)
lakta (partitive singular)
lakcida (partitive plural)
laktëssa (inessive singular)
laktëhna (inessive singular)
lakcissa (inessive plural)
lakcihna (inessive plural)
laktësta (elative singular)
lakcista (elative plural)
laktëhën (illative singular)
lakcihën (illative plural)
laktëlla (adessive singular)
lakcilla (adessive plural)
laktëlta (ablative singular)
lakcilta (ablative plural)
laktëlën (allative singular)
laktëlëk (allative singular)
lakcilën (allative plural)
lakcilëk (allative plural)
laktëna (essive singular)
lakcina (essive plural)
laktëksi (singular translative)
lakciksi (plural translative)
laktën (instructive singular)
lakcin (instructive plural)
laktënëk (comitative singular)
lakcinëk (comitative plural)
laktëtta (abessive singular)
lakcitta (abessive plural)

Estonian: laht

→ Võro: laht'

Finnish: lahti, (dialectal) laksi

→ Swedish: -lax (in toponyms)

Ingrian: lahti, (obsolete) laksi

Karelian:

North Karelian: lakši

South Karelian: (dialectal) lakši

Livvi: lahti

Ludian: laht

Veps: laht

Votic: lahti

→ Russian: лахта (laxta) (dialectal, Northern Russia)

q

→ Russian: -лохта (-loxta) (in toponyms in Northern Russia, particularly in Belozersk area and along rivers Mezen and Pinega)

→ Russian: -лахта (-laxta) (in toponyms in Northern Russia)

From earlier *lakti (compare Proto-Samic *luoktë), borrowed from Proto-Baltic *lankti- (compare e.g. Lithuanian lanktis (“arc”), Lithuanian lanka (“valley, meadow”); Latvian līcis (“bay”)).


lämbin

lämbin (nominative singular)
lämpimet (nominative plural)
lämpimen (accusative singular)
lämpimet (accusative plural)
lämpimen (genitive singular)
lämbinden (genitive plural)
lämpimiden (genitive plural)
lämbintä (partitive singular)
lämpimitä (partitive plural)
lämpimessä (inessive singular)
lämpimehnä (inessive singular)
lämpimissä (inessive plural)
lämpimihnä (inessive plural)
lämpimestä (elative singular)
lämpimistä (elative plural)
lämpimesen (illative singular)
lämpimisen (illative plural)
lämpimellä (adessive singular)
lämpimillä (adessive plural)
lämpimeltä (ablative singular)
lämpimiltä (ablative plural)
lämpimelen (allative singular)
lämpimelek (allative singular)
lämpimilen (allative plural)
lämpimilek (allative plural)
lämpimenä (essive singular)
lämpiminä (essive plural)
lämpimeksi (singular translative)
lämpimiksi (plural translative)
lämpimen (instructive singular)
lämpimin (instructive plural)
lämpimenek (comitative singular)
lämpiminek (comitative plural)
lämpimettä (abessive singular)
lämpimittä (abessive plural)

Estonian: lämmi

Finnish: lämmin

Ingrian: lämmin

Karelian: lämmin

Livonian: lem

Ludian: lämm

Veps: läm'

Võro: lämmi

Votic: lämmi


lämbittädäk

lämbittä- (stem)
lämbit'än (first-person present singular)
lämbit'ein (first-person past singular)
lämbittägon (first-person optative singular)
lämbit'ät (present second-person singular)
lämbit'eit (past second-person singular)
lämbit'äk (imperative second-person singular)
lämbittägos (optative second-person singular)
lämbittäpi (present singular third-person)
lämbittä (present singular third-person)
lämbittei (past singular third-person)
lämbittäkähen (imperative singular third-person)
lämbittäkohen (optative singular third-person)
lämbit'äkmek (first-person plural present)
lämbit'äkmäk (first-person plural present)
lämbitteimek (first-person past plural)
lämbitteimäk (first-person past plural)
lämbittäkädemek (first-person imperative plural)
lämbittäkädämäk (first-person imperative plural)
lämbittäkodemek (first-person optative plural)
lämbittäkodämäk (first-person optative plural)
lämbit'äktek (plural present second-person)
lämbit'äktäk (plural present second-person)
lämbitteidek (past plural second-person)
lämbitteidäk (past plural second-person)
lämbittäkäde (imperative plural second-person)
lämbittäkädä (imperative plural second-person)
lämbittägot'ek (optative plural second-person)
lämbittäkodädäk (optative plural second-person)
lämbittäbät (plural present third-person)
lämbittä (plural present third-person)
lämbittei (past plural third-person)
lämbittäkähen (imperative plural third-person)
lämbittäkohen (optative plural third-person)
lämbit'äksen (passive present)
lämbit'ät'äksen (passive present)
lämbittätihen (passive past)
lämbit'ättihen (passive past)
lämbittätägäsen (imperative passive)
lämbit'ättägäsen (imperative passive)
lämbittätägosen (optative passive)
lämbit'ättägosen (optative passive)
lämbit'äk (connegative present)
lämbittägäk (connegative imperative)
lämbittägok (connegative optative)
lämbit'äktäk (connegative passive present)
lämbittätägäk (connegative imperative passive)
lämbit'ättägäk (connegative imperative passive)
lämbittätägok (connegative optative passive)
lämbit'ättägok (connegative optative passive)
lämbit'äkcin (conditional conditional-i first-person singular)
lämbitteicin (conditional conditional-ii first-person singular)
lämbittänen (first-person potential singular)
lämbit'äkcit (conditional conditional-i second-person singular)
lämbitteicit (conditional conditional-ii second-person singular)
lämbittänet (potential second-person singular)
lämbit'äkci (conditional conditional-i singular third-person)
lämbitteici (conditional conditional-ii singular third-person)
lämbittäni (potential singular third-person)
lämbit'äkcimek (conditional conditional-i first-person plural)
lämbit'äkcimäk (conditional conditional-i first-person plural)
lämbitteicimek (conditional conditional-ii first-person plural)
lämbitteicimäk (conditional conditional-ii first-person plural)
lämbittänemek (first-person plural potential)
lämbittänemäk (first-person plural potential)
lämbit'äkcidek (conditional conditional-i plural second-person)
lämbit'äkcidäk (conditional conditional-i plural second-person)
lämbitteicidek (conditional conditional-ii plural second-person)
lämbitteicidäk (conditional conditional-ii plural second-person)
lämbittänedek (plural potential second-person)
lämbittänedäk (plural potential second-person)
lämbit'äkci (conditional conditional-i plural third-person)
lämbitteici (conditional conditional-ii plural third-person)
lämbittäni (plural potential third-person)
lämbittädäkcisen (conditional conditional-i passive)
lämbit'ät'äkcisen (conditional conditional-i passive)
lämbittäticisen (conditional conditional-ii passive)
lämbit'ätticisen (conditional conditional-ii passive)
lämbittätänesen (passive potential)
lämbit'ättänesen (passive potential)
lämbit'äkcik (conditional conditional-i connegative)
lämbitteicik (conditional conditional-ii connegative)
lämbittänek (connegative potential)
lämbittädäkcik (conditional conditional-i connegative passive)
lämbit'ät'äkcik (conditional conditional-i connegative passive)
lämbittäticik (conditional conditional-ii connegative passive)
lämbit'ätticik (conditional conditional-ii connegative passive)
lämbittätänek (connegative passive potential)
lämbit'ättänek (connegative passive potential)
lämbittädäk (conditional conditional-i infinitive infinitive-i)
lämbittäpä (active participle present)
lämbittätäbä (participle passive present)
lämbit'ättäbä (participle passive present)
lämbittäte- (conditional conditional-i infinitive infinitive-ii)
lämbittänüt (active participle past)
lämbittätü (participle passive past)
lämbit'ättü (participle passive past)
lämbittämä (conditional conditional-i gerund supine)
lämbittäminen (conditional conditional-i noun-from-verb)

Finnish: lämmittää

Ingrian: lämmittää

Karelian: lämmitteä

Veps: lämbitada

Võro: lämmitämä/lämmitäq

Votic: lämmittä


voidak

voi- (stem)
voin (first-person present singular)
voin (first-person past singular)
voigon (first-person optative singular)
voit (present second-person singular)
voit (past second-person singular)
voik (imperative second-person singular)
voigos (optative second-person singular)
voipi (present singular third-person)
voi (present singular third-person)
voi (past singular third-person)
voikahën (imperative singular third-person)
voikohën (optative singular third-person)
voikmëk (first-person plural present)
voikmak (first-person plural present)
voimëk (first-person past plural)
voimak (first-person past plural)
voikadëmëk (first-person imperative plural)
voikadamak (first-person imperative plural)
voikodëmëk (first-person optative plural)
voikodamak (first-person optative plural)
voiktëk (plural present second-person)
voiktak (plural present second-person)
voidëk (past plural second-person)
voidak (past plural second-person)
voikadë (imperative plural second-person)
voikada (imperative plural second-person)
voigot'ëk (optative plural second-person)
voikodadak (optative plural second-person)
voibat (plural present third-person)
voi (plural present third-person)
voi (past plural third-person)
voikahën (imperative plural third-person)
voikohën (optative plural third-person)
voiksën (passive present)
voit'aksën (passive present)
voitihën (passive past)
voittihën (passive past)
voitagasën (imperative passive)
voittagasën (imperative passive)
voitagosën (optative passive)
voittagosën (optative passive)
voik (connegative present)
voigak (connegative imperative)
voigok (connegative optative)
voiktak (connegative passive present)
voitagak (connegative imperative passive)
voittagak (connegative imperative passive)
voitagok (connegative optative passive)
voittagok (connegative optative passive)
voikcin (conditional conditional-i first-person singular)
voicin (conditional conditional-ii first-person singular)
voinën (first-person potential singular)
voikcit (conditional conditional-i second-person singular)
voicit (conditional conditional-ii second-person singular)
voinët (potential second-person singular)
voikci (conditional conditional-i singular third-person)
voici (conditional conditional-ii singular third-person)
voini (potential singular third-person)
voikcimëk (conditional conditional-i first-person plural)
voikcimak (conditional conditional-i first-person plural)
voicimëk (conditional conditional-ii first-person plural)
voicimak (conditional conditional-ii first-person plural)
voinëmëk (first-person plural potential)
voinëmak (first-person plural potential)
voikcidëk (conditional conditional-i plural second-person)
voikcidak (conditional conditional-i plural second-person)
voicidëk (conditional conditional-ii plural second-person)
voicidak (conditional conditional-ii plural second-person)
voinëdëk (plural potential second-person)
voinëdak (plural potential second-person)
voikci (conditional conditional-i plural third-person)
voici (conditional conditional-ii plural third-person)
voini (plural potential third-person)
voidakcisën (conditional conditional-i passive)
voit'akcisën (conditional conditional-i passive)
voiticisën (conditional conditional-ii passive)
voitticisën (conditional conditional-ii passive)
voitanësën (passive potential)
voittanësën (passive potential)
voikcik (conditional conditional-i connegative)
voicik (conditional conditional-ii connegative)
voinëk (connegative potential)
voidakcik (conditional conditional-i connegative passive)
voit'akcik (conditional conditional-i connegative passive)
voiticik (conditional conditional-ii connegative passive)
voitticik (conditional conditional-ii connegative passive)
voitanëk (connegative passive potential)
voittanëk (connegative passive potential)
voidak (conditional conditional-i infinitive infinitive-i)
voipa (active participle present)
voitaba (participle passive present)
voittaba (participle passive present)
voitë- (conditional conditional-i infinitive infinitive-ii)
voinut (active participle past)
voitu (participle passive past)
voittu (participle passive past)
voima (conditional conditional-i gerund supine)
voiminen (conditional conditional-i noun-from-verb)

Estonian: võima/võida

Finnish: voida

Karelian: voija

Ingrian: voija

Ludian: voida

Veps: voida

Võro: võima/võidaq


veedäk

vee- (stem)
veen (first-person present singular)
vein (first-person past singular)
veegon (first-person optative singular)
veet (present second-person singular)
veit (past second-person singular)
veek (imperative second-person singular)
veegos (optative second-person singular)
veepi (present singular third-person)
vee (present singular third-person)
vei (past singular third-person)
veekähen (imperative singular third-person)
veekohen (optative singular third-person)
veekmek (first-person plural present)
veekmäk (first-person plural present)
veimek (first-person past plural)
veimäk (first-person past plural)
veekädemek (first-person imperative plural)
veekädämäk (first-person imperative plural)
veekodemek (first-person optative plural)
veekodämäk (first-person optative plural)
veektek (plural present second-person)
veektäk (plural present second-person)
veidek (past plural second-person)
veidäk (past plural second-person)
veekäde (imperative plural second-person)
veekädä (imperative plural second-person)
veegot'ek (optative plural second-person)
veekodädäk (optative plural second-person)
veebät (plural present third-person)
vee (plural present third-person)
vei (past plural third-person)
veekähen (imperative plural third-person)
veekohen (optative plural third-person)
veeksen (passive present)
veet'äksen (passive present)
veetihen (passive past)
veettihen (passive past)
veetägäsen (imperative passive)
veettägäsen (imperative passive)
veetägosen (optative passive)
veettägosen (optative passive)
veek (connegative present)
veegäk (connegative imperative)
veegok (connegative optative)
veektäk (connegative passive present)
veetägäk (connegative imperative passive)
veettägäk (connegative imperative passive)
veetägok (connegative optative passive)
veettägok (connegative optative passive)
veekcin (conditional conditional-i first-person singular)
veicin (conditional conditional-ii first-person singular)
veenen (first-person potential singular)
veekcit (conditional conditional-i second-person singular)
veicit (conditional conditional-ii second-person singular)
veenet (potential second-person singular)
veekci (conditional conditional-i singular third-person)
veici (conditional conditional-ii singular third-person)
veeni (potential singular third-person)
veekcimek (conditional conditional-i first-person plural)
veekcimäk (conditional conditional-i first-person plural)
veicimek (conditional conditional-ii first-person plural)
veicimäk (conditional conditional-ii first-person plural)
veenemek (first-person plural potential)
veenemäk (first-person plural potential)
veekcidek (conditional conditional-i plural second-person)
veekcidäk (conditional conditional-i plural second-person)
veicidek (conditional conditional-ii plural second-person)
veicidäk (conditional conditional-ii plural second-person)
veenedek (plural potential second-person)
veenedäk (plural potential second-person)
veekci (conditional conditional-i plural third-person)
veici (conditional conditional-ii plural third-person)
veeni (plural potential third-person)
veedäkcisen (conditional conditional-i passive)
veet'äkcisen (conditional conditional-i passive)
veeticisen (conditional conditional-ii passive)
veetticisen (conditional conditional-ii passive)
veetänesen (passive potential)
veettänesen (passive potential)
veekcik (conditional conditional-i connegative)
veicik (conditional conditional-ii connegative)
veenek (connegative potential)
veedäkcik (conditional conditional-i connegative passive)
veet'äkcik (conditional conditional-i connegative passive)
veeticik (conditional conditional-ii connegative passive)
veetticik (conditional conditional-ii connegative passive)
veetänek (connegative passive potential)
veettänek (connegative passive potential)
veedäk (conditional conditional-i infinitive infinitive-i)
veepä (active participle present)
veetäbä (participle passive present)
veettäbä (participle passive present)
veete- (conditional conditional-i infinitive infinitive-ii)
veenüt (active participle past)
veetü (participle passive past)
veettü (participle passive past)
veemä (conditional conditional-i gerund supine)
veeminen (conditional conditional-i noun-from-verb)

Estonian: viima/viia

desc

Finnish: viedä, (colloquial or dialectal) viiä, viejä, vierä

Ingrian: veejä

Karelian: viijä

Ludian: vieda

Veps: veda

Võro: viimä/viiäq

Votic: viijje

From Proto-Uralic *wixe- (“to bring, carry”). The development *ixe > *ee has no certain parallels, but compare *soutadak. The Uralic root may be related to Proto-Indo-European *weǵʰ-.


oppidak

oppi- (stem)
op'in (first-person present singular)
oppëjin (first-person past singular)
oppigon (first-person optative singular)
op'it (present second-person singular)
oppëjit (past second-person singular)
op'ik (imperative second-person singular)
oppigos (optative second-person singular)
oppibi (present singular third-person)
oppi (present singular third-person)
oppëji (past singular third-person)
oppigasën (imperative singular third-person)
oppigosën (optative singular third-person)
op'ikmëk (first-person plural present)
op'ikmak (first-person plural present)
oppëjimëk (first-person past plural)
oppëjimak (first-person past plural)
oppigatëmëk (first-person imperative plural)
oppigatamak (first-person imperative plural)
oppigotëmëk (first-person optative plural)
oppigotamak (first-person optative plural)
op'iktëk (plural present second-person)
op'iktak (plural present second-person)
oppëjidëk (past plural second-person)
oppëjidak (past plural second-person)
oppigatë (imperative plural second-person)
oppigata (imperative plural second-person)
oppigot'ëk (optative plural second-person)
oppigotadak (optative plural second-person)
oppibat (plural present third-person)
oppi (plural present third-person)
oppëji (past plural third-person)
oppigasën (imperative plural third-person)
oppigosën (optative plural third-person)
op'iksën (passive present)
op'it'aksën (passive present)
oppidisën (passive past)
op'ittisën (passive past)
oppidakahën (imperative passive)
op'ittakahën (imperative passive)
oppidakohën (optative passive)
op'ittakohën (optative passive)
op'ik (connegative present)
oppigak (connegative imperative)
oppigok (connegative optative)
op'iktak (connegative passive present)
oppidagak (connegative imperative passive)
op'ittagak (connegative imperative passive)
oppidagok (connegative optative passive)
op'ittagok (connegative optative passive)
op'ikcin (conditional conditional-i first-person singular)
oppëjicin (conditional conditional-ii first-person singular)
oppinën (first-person potential singular)
op'ikcit (conditional conditional-i second-person singular)
oppëjicit (conditional conditional-ii second-person singular)
oppinët (potential second-person singular)
op'ikci (conditional conditional-i singular third-person)
oppëjici (conditional conditional-ii singular third-person)
oppini (potential singular third-person)
op'ikcimëk (conditional conditional-i first-person plural)
op'ikcimak (conditional conditional-i first-person plural)
oppëjicimëk (conditional conditional-ii first-person plural)
oppëjicimak (conditional conditional-ii first-person plural)
oppinëmëk (first-person plural potential)
oppinëmak (first-person plural potential)
op'ikcidëk (conditional conditional-i plural second-person)
op'ikcidak (conditional conditional-i plural second-person)
oppëjicidëk (conditional conditional-ii plural second-person)
oppëjicidak (conditional conditional-ii plural second-person)
oppinëdëk (plural potential second-person)
oppinëdak (plural potential second-person)
op'ikci (conditional conditional-i plural third-person)
oppëjici (conditional conditional-ii plural third-person)
oppini (plural potential third-person)
oppidakcihën (conditional conditional-i passive)
op'it'akcihën (conditional conditional-i passive)
oppidicihën (conditional conditional-ii passive)
op'itticihën (conditional conditional-ii passive)
oppidanëhën (passive potential)
op'ittanëhën (passive potential)
op'ikcik (conditional conditional-i connegative)
oppëjicik (conditional conditional-ii connegative)
oppinëk (connegative potential)
oppidakcik (conditional conditional-i connegative passive)
op'it'akcik (conditional conditional-i connegative passive)
oppidicik (conditional conditional-ii connegative passive)
op'itticik (conditional conditional-ii connegative passive)
oppidanëk (connegative passive potential)
op'ittanëk (connegative passive potential)
oppidak (conditional conditional-i infinitive infinitive-i)
oppiba (active participle present)
oppidapa (participle passive present)
op'ittapa (participle passive present)
oppidë- (conditional conditional-i infinitive infinitive-ii)
oppinut (active participle past)
oppidu (participle passive past)
op'ittu (participle passive past)
oppima (conditional conditional-i gerund supine)
oppiminen (conditional conditional-i noun-from-verb)

Estonian: õppima/õppida

Finnish: oppia

Ingrian: oppia

Karelian: oppie

Livonian: opp

Livvi: oppie

Veps: oppida

Võro: op'ma/oppiq

Votic: õppia

→ Proto-Samic: *oappëtēk (see there for further descendants)


külmä

külmä (nominative singular)
külmät (nominative plural)
külmän (accusative singular)
külmät (accusative plural)
külmän (genitive singular)
külmäden (genitive plural)
külmeiden (genitive plural)
külmädä (partitive singular)
külmeidä (partitive plural)
külmässä (inessive singular)
külmähnä (inessive singular)
külmeissä (inessive plural)
külmeihnä (inessive plural)
külmästä (elative singular)
külmeistä (elative plural)
külmähen (illative singular)
külmeihen (illative plural)
külmällä (adessive singular)
külmeillä (adessive plural)
külmältä (ablative singular)
külmeiltä (ablative plural)
külmälen (allative singular)
külmälek (allative singular)
külmeilen (allative plural)
külmeilek (allative plural)
külmänä (essive singular)
külmeinä (essive plural)
külmäksi (singular translative)
külmeiksi (plural translative)
külmän (instructive singular)
külmein (instructive plural)
külmänek (comitative singular)
külmeinek (comitative plural)
külmättä (abessive singular)
külmeittä (abessive plural)

Estonian: külm

Finnish: kylmä

Ingrian: kylmä

Karelian: kylmä

Livonian: kīlma

Livvi: kylmy

Veps: kül'm

Võro: külm

Votic: tšülme

From Proto-Finno-Permic *külmä, possibly borrowed from Baltic (compare Lithuanian geluma), and if so, ultimately derived from Proto-Indo-European *gel-. Cognates include Komi-Permyak кын (kyn) and Proto-Samic *këlmētēk (“to be cold”).


takla

takla (nominative singular)
taklat (nominative plural)
taklan (accusative singular)
taklat (accusative plural)
taklan (genitive singular)
takladën (genitive plural)
takloidën (genitive plural)
taklada (partitive singular)
takloida (partitive plural)
taklassa (inessive singular)
taklahna (inessive singular)
takloissa (inessive plural)
takloihna (inessive plural)
taklasta (elative singular)
takloista (elative plural)
taklahën (illative singular)
takloihën (illative plural)
taklalla (adessive singular)
takloilla (adessive plural)
taklalta (ablative singular)
takloilta (ablative plural)
taklalën (allative singular)
taklalëk (allative singular)
takloilën (allative plural)
takloilëk (allative plural)
taklana (essive singular)
takloina (essive plural)
taklaksi (singular translative)
takloiksi (plural translative)
taklan (instructive singular)
takloin (instructive plural)
taklanëk (comitative singular)
takloinëk (comitative plural)
taklatta (abessive singular)
takloitta (abessive plural)

Estonian: tael

Finnish: taula, (Eastern dialects) takla

Ingrian: tagla

Karelian:

North Karelian: takla

South Karelian: tagla

Livonian: da’ggõl

Livvi: taglu

Ludian: tagl

Veps: tagl

Võro: tagõl, tagyl', takl

Votic: taglõ

Borrowed from Proto-Baltic [Term?] (whence Latvian dagla (“tinder”), Lithuanian deglis (“tinder”)). Cognate with Proto-Samic *tuovlē.


imä

imä (nominative singular)
imät (nominative plural)
imän (accusative singular)
imät (accusative plural)
imän (genitive singular)
imäden (genitive plural)
imeiden (genitive plural)
imädä (partitive singular)
imeidä (partitive plural)
imässä (inessive singular)
imähnä (inessive singular)
imeissä (inessive plural)
imeihnä (inessive plural)
imästä (elative singular)
imeistä (elative plural)
imähen (illative singular)
imeihen (illative plural)
imällä (adessive singular)
imeillä (adessive plural)
imältä (ablative singular)
imeiltä (ablative plural)
imälen (allative singular)
imälek (allative singular)
imeilen (allative plural)
imeilek (allative plural)
imänä (essive singular)
imeinä (essive plural)
imäksi (singular translative)
imeiksi (plural translative)
imän (instructive singular)
imein (instructive plural)
imänek (comitative singular)
imeinek (comitative plural)
imättä (abessive singular)
imeittä (abessive plural)

Estonian: (dialectal) ima, ⇒ imal

Livonian: ⇒ imāb

Võro: ⇒ imähtämä/imähtäq

Votic: ⇒ imiä

Finnish: imelä

Ingrian: immeelä

Karelian:

North Karelian: imelä

South Karelian: imelä

Livvi: imely

Ludian: imel

Veps: imel'

Possibly related to Northern Sami amiidit.


herneh

herneh (nominative singular)
hernehet (nominative plural)
hernehen (accusative singular)
hernehet (accusative plural)
hernehen (genitive singular)
hernehten (genitive plural)
hernehiden (genitive plural)
hernehtä (partitive singular)
hernehitä (partitive plural)
hernehessä (inessive singular)
hernehehnä (inessive singular)
hernehissä (inessive plural)
hernehihnä (inessive plural)
hernehestä (elative singular)
hernehistä (elative plural)
hernehesen (illative singular)
hernehisen (illative plural)
hernehellä (adessive singular)
hernehillä (adessive plural)
herneheltä (ablative singular)
hernehiltä (ablative plural)
hernehelen (allative singular)
hernehelek (allative singular)
hernehilen (allative plural)
hernehilek (allative plural)
hernehenä (essive singular)
hernehinä (essive plural)
herneheksi (singular translative)
hernehiksi (plural translative)
hernehen (instructive singular)
hernehin (instructive plural)
hernehenek (comitative singular)
hernehinek (comitative plural)
hernehettä (abessive singular)
hernehittä (abessive plural)

Estonian: hernes

Finnish: herne

Ingrian: herne

Karelian:

North Karelian: herneh

South Karelian: herneh

Livonian: jērnaz

Livvi: herneh

Ludian: herneh

Veps: herneh

Võro: herneh

Votic: erne

From earlier *šerneš, borrowed from Eastern Proto-Baltic [Term?] (“pea”) (whence Latvian zirnis, Lithuanian žirnis), from Proto-Balto-Slavic *źírˀna (“grain”), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵr̥h₂nóm (“grain”). Final -s/-z in Estonian and Livonian is unclear.


säsü

säsü (nominative singular)
säsüt (nominative plural)
säsün (accusative singular)
säsüt (accusative plural)
säsün (genitive singular)
säsüden (genitive plural)
säsüiden (genitive plural)
säsüdä (partitive singular)
säsüidä (partitive plural)
säsüssä (inessive singular)
säsühnä (inessive singular)
säsüissä (inessive plural)
säsüihnä (inessive plural)
säsüstä (elative singular)
säsüistä (elative plural)
säsühen (illative singular)
säsüihen (illative plural)
säsüllä (adessive singular)
säsüillä (adessive plural)
säsültä (ablative singular)
säsüiltä (ablative plural)
säsülen (allative singular)
säsülek (allative singular)
säsüilen (allative plural)
säsüilek (allative plural)
säsünä (essive singular)
säsüinä (essive plural)
säsüksi (singular translative)
säsüiksi (plural translative)
säsün (instructive singular)
säsüin (instructive plural)
säsünek (comitative singular)
säsüinek (comitative plural)
säsüttä (abessive singular)
säsüittä (abessive plural)

Estonian: säsi

Finnish: (rare) säsy

Võro: säsü, tsädsü

Finnish: (dialectal) sasu

Karelian:

North Karelian: šašu

South Karelian: sazu


kukkoi

kukkoi (nominative singular)
kuk'oit (nominative plural)
kuk'oin (accusative singular)
kuk'oit (accusative plural)
kuk'oin (genitive singular)
kukkoidën (genitive plural)
kukkoida (partitive singular)
kukkoida (partitive plural)
kuk'oissa (inessive singular)
kuk'oihna (inessive singular)
kuk'oissa (inessive plural)
kuk'oihna (inessive plural)
kuk'oista (elative singular)
kuk'oista (elative plural)
kukkoihën (illative singular)
kukkoihën (illative plural)
kuk'oilla (adessive singular)
kuk'oilla (adessive plural)
kuk'oilta (ablative singular)
kuk'oilta (ablative plural)
kukkoilën (allative singular)
kukkoilëk (allative singular)
kukkoilën (allative plural)
kukkoilëk (allative plural)
kukkoina (essive singular)
kukkoina (essive plural)
kuk'oiksi (singular translative)
kuk'oiksi (plural translative)
kuk'oin (instructive singular)
kuk'oin (instructive plural)
kukkoinëk (comitative singular)
kukkoinëk (comitative plural)
kuk'oitta (abessive singular)
kuk'oitta (abessive plural)

Estonian: kukk

Finnish: kukko

Ingrian: kukko, (Soikkola) kukkoi

Karelian:

North Karelian: kukko

South Karelian: kukko

Livvi: kukoi

Ludian: kukoi

Veps: kukoi

Votic: kukko, kukkõ

Probably from Proto-Germanic *kukkaz + *-oi.


enoi

enoi (nominative singular)
enoit (nominative plural)
enoin (accusative singular)
enoit (accusative plural)
enoin (genitive singular)
enoidën (genitive plural)
enoida (partitive singular)
enoida (partitive plural)
enoissa (inessive singular)
enoihna (inessive singular)
enoissa (inessive plural)
enoihna (inessive plural)
enoista (elative singular)
enoista (elative plural)
enoihën (illative singular)
enoihën (illative plural)
enoilla (adessive singular)
enoilla (adessive plural)
enoilta (ablative singular)
enoilta (ablative plural)
enoilën (allative singular)
enoilëk (allative singular)
enoilën (allative plural)
enoilëk (allative plural)
enoina (essive singular)
enoina (essive plural)
enoiksi (singular translative)
enoiksi (plural translative)
enoin (instructive singular)
enoin (instructive plural)
enoinëk (comitative singular)
enoinëk (comitative plural)
enoitta (abessive singular)
enoitta (abessive plural)

Finnish: eno, (dialectal) enoi

Ingrian: eno, (Soikkola) enoi

Estonian: onu

Võro: uno

Votic: õno, ono

From *enä (“big”) + *-oi. Related to Proto-Samic *eanōj.


huu

huu (nominative singular)
huut (nominative plural)
huun (accusative singular)
huut (accusative plural)
huun (genitive singular)
huudën (genitive plural)
huidën (genitive plural)
huuta (partitive singular)
huita (partitive plural)
huussa (inessive singular)
huuhna (inessive singular)
huissa (inessive plural)
huihna (inessive plural)
huusta (elative singular)
huista (elative plural)
huusën (illative singular)
huisën (illative plural)
huulla (adessive singular)
huilla (adessive plural)
huulta (ablative singular)
huilta (ablative plural)
huulën (allative singular)
huulëk (allative singular)
huilën (allative plural)
huilëk (allative plural)
huuna (essive singular)
huina (essive plural)
huuksi (singular translative)
huiksi (plural translative)
huun (instructive singular)
huin (instructive plural)
huunëk (comitative singular)
huinëk (comitative plural)
huutta (abessive singular)
huitta (abessive plural)

Finnish: (dialectal) huu, ⇒ huunpurema

From earlier *šuwi, from Proto-Finno-Ugric *šuŋe.


coora

coora (nominative singular)
coorat (nominative plural)
cooran (accusative singular)
coorat (accusative plural)
cooran (genitive singular)
cooradën (genitive plural)
coorëidën (genitive plural)
coorada (partitive singular)
coorëida (partitive plural)
coorassa (inessive singular)
coorahna (inessive singular)
coorëissa (inessive plural)
coorëihna (inessive plural)
coorasta (elative singular)
coorëista (elative plural)
coorahën (illative singular)
coorëihën (illative plural)
cooralla (adessive singular)
coorëilla (adessive plural)
cooralta (ablative singular)
coorëilta (ablative plural)
cooralën (allative singular)
cooralëk (allative singular)
coorëilën (allative plural)
coorëilëk (allative plural)
coorana (essive singular)
coorëina (essive plural)
cooraksi (singular translative)
coorëiksi (plural translative)
cooran (instructive singular)
coorëin (instructive plural)
cooranëk (comitative singular)
coorëinëk (comitative plural)
cooratta (abessive singular)
coorëitta (abessive plural)

Estonian: (obsolete) soora (“straight”) (adverb, from *coorahën)

Finnish: suora

→ Votic: soora

Ingrian: soora

Karelian:

North Karelian: šuora

South Karelian: šuora

Livonian: *coortadak > sūortõ

Ludian: *coorëda > suored

Veps: *coorëda > soŕed

Unknown. Possibly a derivative *coo- + *-ra from an otherwise unattested root, possibly loaned from Proto-Germanic *stā-, *stō- (“to stand”). In this case the earliest meaning would have been "free-standing, erect", as is suggested by the further derivative *cooro (“penis of domesticated animal”). The Germanic etymology is however rejected by LÄGLOS on semantic grounds.


habukka

habukka (nominative singular)
habuk'at (nominative plural)
habuk'an (accusative singular)
habuk'at (accusative plural)
habuk'an (genitive singular)
habukkadën (genitive plural)
habukkëidën (genitive plural)
habukkata (partitive singular)
habukkëita (partitive plural)
habuk'assa (inessive singular)
habuk'ahna (inessive singular)
habuk'ëissa (inessive plural)
habuk'ëihna (inessive plural)
habuk'asta (elative singular)
habuk'ëista (elative plural)
habukkasën (illative singular)
habukkëisën (illative plural)
habuk'alla (adessive singular)
habuk'ëilla (adessive plural)
habuk'alta (ablative singular)
habuk'ëilta (ablative plural)
habukkalën (allative singular)
habukkalëk (allative singular)
habukkëilën (allative plural)
habukkëilëk (allative plural)
habukkana (essive singular)
habukkëina (essive plural)
habuk'aksi (singular translative)
habuk'ëiksi (plural translative)
habuk'an (instructive singular)
habuk'ëin (instructive plural)
habukkanëk (comitative singular)
habukkëinëk (comitative plural)
habuk'atta (abessive singular)
habuk'ëitta (abessive plural)

Finnish: haukka, (dialectal) havukka

Ingrian: haukka

→ Votic: haukkõ

Karelian:

North Karelian: haukka

South Karelian: haukka

Livvi: haukku

Ludian: habuk

Veps: habuk

Estonian: haugas

Ludian: habukaz

Võro: haugas

Borrowed from Proto-Germanic *habukaz. Adapted in many descendants as if it were derived with the diminutive suffix *-kka.


korci

korci (nominative singular)
kordët (nominative plural)
kordën (accusative singular)
kordët (accusative plural)
kordën (genitive singular)
kortëdën (genitive plural)
korcidën (genitive plural)
kortëda (partitive singular)
korcida (partitive plural)
kordëssa (inessive singular)
kordëhna (inessive singular)
korcissa (inessive plural)
korcihna (inessive plural)
kordësta (elative singular)
korcista (elative plural)
kortëhën (illative singular)
korcihën (illative plural)
kordëlla (adessive singular)
korcilla (adessive plural)
kordëlta (ablative singular)
korcilta (ablative plural)
kortëlën (allative singular)
kortëlëk (allative singular)
korcilën (allative plural)
korcilëk (allative plural)
kortëna (essive singular)
korcina (essive plural)
kordëksi (singular translative)
korciksi (plural translative)
kordën (instructive singular)
korcin (instructive plural)
kortënëk (comitative singular)
korcinëk (comitative plural)
kordëtta (abessive singular)
korcitta (abessive plural)

Estonian: kõrs

Finnish: korsi

Karelian: korsi

Veps: korz

Võro: kõrs'

Votic: kõrsi

From earlier *korti, borrowed from Proto-Baltic *karti (compare Lithuanian kartis (“thin rod, mowing, raking”)).


kastëk

kastëk (nominative singular)
kastëgët (nominative plural)
kastëgën (accusative singular)
kastëgët (accusative plural)
kastëgën (genitive singular)
kastëgëdën (genitive plural)
kastëgidën (genitive plural)
kastëgëta (partitive singular)
kastëgita (partitive plural)
kastëgëssa (inessive singular)
kastëgëhna (inessive singular)
kastëgissa (inessive plural)
kastëgihna (inessive plural)
kastëgësta (elative singular)
kastëgista (elative plural)
kastëgësën (illative singular)
kastëgisën (illative plural)
kastëgëlla (adessive singular)
kastëgilla (adessive plural)
kastëgëlta (ablative singular)
kastëgilta (ablative plural)
kastëgëlën (allative singular)
kastëgëlëk (allative singular)
kastëgilën (allative plural)
kastëgilëk (allative plural)
kastëgëna (essive singular)
kastëgina (essive plural)
kastëgëksi (singular translative)
kastëgiksi (plural translative)
kastëgën (instructive singular)
kastëgin (instructive plural)
kastëgënëk (comitative singular)
kastëginëk (comitative plural)
kastëgëtta (abessive singular)
kastëgitta (abessive plural)

Estonian: kaste

Finnish: kaste

Ingrian: kasse

Karelian: kasse

Livonian: kastūg

Livvi: kaste

Ludian: kaste

Veps: kaste

Võro: kastõq

Votic: kasõ


leülü

leülü (nominative singular)
leülüt (nominative plural)
leülün (accusative singular)
leülüt (accusative plural)
leülün (genitive singular)
leülüden (genitive plural)
leülüiden (genitive plural)
leülüdä (partitive singular)
leülüidä (partitive plural)
leülüssä (inessive singular)
leülühnä (inessive singular)
leülüissä (inessive plural)
leülüihnä (inessive plural)
leülüstä (elative singular)
leülüistä (elative plural)
leülühen (illative singular)
leülüihen (illative plural)
leülüllä (adessive singular)
leülüillä (adessive plural)
leülültä (ablative singular)
leülüiltä (ablative plural)
leülülen (allative singular)
leülülek (allative singular)
leülüilen (allative plural)
leülüilek (allative plural)
leülünä (essive singular)
leülüinä (essive plural)
leülüksi (singular translative)
leülüiksi (plural translative)
leülün (instructive singular)
leülüin (instructive plural)
leülünek (comitative singular)
leülüinek (comitative plural)
leülüttä (abessive singular)
leülüittä (abessive plural)

Estonian: leil

Finnish: löyly

→ Japanese: ロウリュ

Ingrian: löyly

Karelian: löyly

>? Livonian: läul

Livvi: löyly

Ludian: löül

Veps: löul

Votic: leülü, löülü

From pre-Finnic *lewlew, an extension of Proto-Uralic *lewle.


hëpoinën

hëpoinën (nominative singular)
hëpoicët (nominative plural)
hëpoicën (accusative singular)
hëpoicët (accusative plural)
hëpoicën (genitive singular)
hëboictën (genitive plural)
hëpoicidën (genitive plural)
hëboicta (partitive singular)
hëpoicita (partitive plural)
hëpoicëssa (inessive singular)
hëpoicëhna (inessive singular)
hëpoicissa (inessive plural)
hëpoicihna (inessive plural)
hëpoicësta (elative singular)
hëpoicista (elative plural)
hëpoicësën (illative singular)
hëpoicisën (illative plural)
hëpoicëlla (adessive singular)
hëpoicilla (adessive plural)
hëpoicëlta (ablative singular)
hëpoicilta (ablative plural)
hëpoicëlën (allative singular)
hëpoicëlëk (allative singular)
hëpoicilën (allative plural)
hëpoicilëk (allative plural)
hëboinna (essive singular)
hëpoicina (essive plural)
hëpoicëksi (singular translative)
hëpoiciksi (plural translative)
hëpoicën (instructive singular)
hëpoicin (instructive plural)
hëboinnëk (comitative singular)
hëpoicinëk (comitative plural)
hëpoicëtta (abessive singular)
hëpoicitta (abessive plural)

Estonian: hobune

desc

Finnish: hevonen, (archaic, dialectal) heponen

Ingrian: hepoin, (Soikkola) heppoin

Karelian:

North Karelian: heponi

South Karelian: hebone

Livonian:

Courland Livonian: i’bbi, õ’bbi

Vidzeme Livonian: übbi

Livvi: heboine

Ludian: heboine

Veps: heboone

Võro: hobõnõ, hopõn'

Votic: opõn


seeni

seeni (nominative singular)
seenet (nominative plural)
seenen (accusative singular)
seenet (accusative plural)
seenen (genitive singular)
seenden (genitive plural)
seeniden (genitive plural)
seentä (partitive singular)
seenidä (partitive plural)
seenessä (inessive singular)
seenehnä (inessive singular)
seenissä (inessive plural)
seenihnä (inessive plural)
seenestä (elative singular)
seenistä (elative plural)
seenehen (illative singular)
seenihen (illative plural)
seenellä (adessive singular)
seenillä (adessive plural)
seeneltä (ablative singular)
seeniltä (ablative plural)
seenelen (allative singular)
seenelek (allative singular)
seenilen (allative plural)
seenilek (allative plural)
seennä (essive singular)
seeninä (essive plural)
seeneksi (singular translative)
seeniksi (plural translative)
seenen (instructive singular)
seenin (instructive plural)
seennek (comitative singular)
seeninek (comitative plural)
seenettä (abessive singular)
seenittä (abessive plural)

Estonian: seen

Finnish: sieni

Ingrian: seeni, seen

Karelian: sieni

Livonian: sēņ

Livvi: sieni

Ludian: sien'

Veps: sen'

Võro: siin'

Votic: siini

→ Latvian: sēne

→ Latgalian: sieņs

→ Sudovian: sini


seemen

seemen (nominative singular)
seemenet (nominative plural)
seemenen (accusative singular)
seemenet (accusative plural)
seemenen (genitive singular)
seemenden (genitive plural)
seemeniden (genitive plural)
seementä (partitive singular)
seemenitä (partitive plural)
seemenessä (inessive singular)
seemenehnä (inessive singular)
seemenissä (inessive plural)
seemenihnä (inessive plural)
seemenestä (elative singular)
seemenistä (elative plural)
seemenesen (illative singular)
seemenisen (illative plural)
seemenellä (adessive singular)
seemenillä (adessive plural)
seemeneltä (ablative singular)
seemeniltä (ablative plural)
seemenelen (allative singular)
seemenelek (allative singular)
seemenilen (allative plural)
seemenilek (allative plural)
seemennä (essive singular)
seemeninä (essive plural)
seemeneksi (singular translative)
seemeniksi (plural translative)
seemenen (instructive singular)
seemenin (instructive plural)
seemennek (comitative singular)
seemeninek (comitative plural)
seemenettä (abessive singular)
seemenittä (abessive plural)

Estonian: seeme

Finnish: siemen

Ingrian: seemen

Karelian: siemen, šiemen

Livonian: sīemgõz

Livvi: siemen

Ludian: šiemeń

Veps: semen

Võro: seemen, seemeq

Votic: seeme

Borrowed from Proto-Baltic *sḗˀmen, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *séh₁mn̥.


hëpo

hëpo (nominative singular)
hëbot (nominative plural)
hëbon (accusative singular)
hëbot (accusative plural)
hëbon (genitive singular)
hëpodën (genitive plural)
hëpoidën (genitive plural)
hëpoda (partitive singular)
hëpoida (partitive plural)
hëbossa (inessive singular)
hëbohna (inessive singular)
hëboissa (inessive plural)
hëboihna (inessive plural)
hëbosta (elative singular)
hëboista (elative plural)
hëpohën (illative singular)
hëpoihën (illative plural)
hëbolla (adessive singular)
hëboilla (adessive plural)
hëbolta (ablative singular)
hëboilta (ablative plural)
hëpolën (allative singular)
hëpolëk (allative singular)
hëpoilën (allative plural)
hëpoilëk (allative plural)
hëpona (essive singular)
hëpoina (essive plural)
hëboksi (singular translative)
hëboiksi (plural translative)
hëbon (instructive singular)
hëboin (instructive plural)
hëponëk (comitative singular)
hëpoinëk (comitative plural)
hëbotta (abessive singular)
hëboitta (abessive plural)

Estonian: hobu

Finnish: hepo

Ingrian: hepo

Karelian:

North Karelian: hepo

South Karelian: hebo

Livvi: hebo

Ludian: hebo

Veps: hebo

Votic: õpo, opo

Unclear. Commonly suspected to derive from Proto-Indo-European *h₁éḱwos in some fashion, but no clear source has been found. Metathesis from earlier *ëhpo has been suggested, with a possible parallel in *haapa), which would then be borrowed from Proto-Germanic *ehwaz. LÄGLOS remains skeptical about the possibility.
Has been compared earlier also with Danish hoppe (“adult female horse”), Old Norse hoppa (from Proto-Germanic *huppōną), or with Eastern Mari чома (čoma, “foal”), Komi-Zyrian чань (ćań, “foal”), Udmurt чуньы (ćuńy, “foal”) but since 1950 these have been considered phonetically untenable. The Komi and Udmurt words are possibly rather cognate with *sonni.


hülgeh

hülgeh (nominative singular)
hülkehet (nominative plural)
hülkehen (accusative singular)
hülkehet (accusative plural)
hülkehen (genitive singular)
hülgehten (genitive plural)
hülkehiden (genitive plural)
hülgehtä (partitive singular)
hülkehitä (partitive plural)
hülkehessä (inessive singular)
hülkehehnä (inessive singular)
hülkehissä (inessive plural)
hülkehihnä (inessive plural)
hülkehestä (elative singular)
hülkehistä (elative plural)
hülkehesen (illative singular)
hülkehisen (illative plural)
hülkehellä (adessive singular)
hülkehillä (adessive plural)
hülkeheltä (ablative singular)
hülkehiltä (ablative plural)
hülkehelen (allative singular)
hülkehelek (allative singular)
hülkehilen (allative plural)
hülkehilek (allative plural)
hülkehenä (essive singular)
hülkehinä (essive plural)
hülkeheksi (singular translative)
hülkehiksi (plural translative)
hülkehen (instructive singular)
hülkehin (instructive plural)
hülkehenek (comitative singular)
hülkehinek (comitative plural)
hülkehettä (abessive singular)
hülkehittä (abessive plural)

Estonian: hüljes

Finnish: hylje

Ingrian: hyle

Karelian: hyleh

Livonian: īlgaz

Võro: hülge

Votic: ülle

Unknown. Likely from earlier *šülkeš and often compared with Proto-Germanic *selhaz (“seal”), as a loan in either direction or from a common third, perhaps substrate, source. According to Nirvi (1944), from *hülgäit'äk + *-ëh.


persek

persek (nominative singular)
perseget (nominative plural)
persegen (accusative singular)
perseget (accusative plural)
persegen (genitive singular)
persekten (genitive plural)
persegiden (genitive plural)
persektä (partitive singular)
persegitä (partitive plural)
persegessä (inessive singular)
persegehnä (inessive singular)
persegissä (inessive plural)
persegihnä (inessive plural)
persegestä (elative singular)
persegistä (elative plural)
persegesen (illative singular)
persegisen (illative plural)
persegellä (adessive singular)
persegillä (adessive plural)
persegeltä (ablative singular)
persegiltä (ablative plural)
persegelen (allative singular)
persegelek (allative singular)
persegilen (allative plural)
persegilek (allative plural)
persegenä (essive singular)
perseginä (essive plural)
persegeksi (singular translative)
persegiksi (plural translative)
persegen (instructive singular)
persegin (instructive plural)
persegenek (comitative singular)
perseginek (comitative plural)
persegettä (abessive singular)
persegittä (abessive plural)

Estonian: perse

Finnish: perse

Ingrian: pers

Karelian: perse

Livonian: pi'erz

Livvi: perze

Ludian: perze

Veps: perze

Võro: perseq

Votic: perze

Evidently based on *perä (“rear”) and containing the suffix + *-ek, but the origin of the *s-element is unclear.


möödäk

möö- (stem)
möön (first-person present singular)
möin (first-person past singular)
möögon (first-person optative singular)
mööt (present second-person singular)
möit (past second-person singular)
möök (imperative second-person singular)
möögos (optative second-person singular)
mööpi (present singular third-person)
möö (present singular third-person)
möi (past singular third-person)
möökähen (imperative singular third-person)
möökohen (optative singular third-person)
möökmek (first-person plural present)
möökmäk (first-person plural present)
möimek (first-person past plural)
möimäk (first-person past plural)
möökädemek (first-person imperative plural)
möökädämäk (first-person imperative plural)
möökodemek (first-person optative plural)
möökodämäk (first-person optative plural)
mööktek (plural present second-person)
mööktäk (plural present second-person)
möidek (past plural second-person)
möidäk (past plural second-person)
möökäde (imperative plural second-person)
möökädä (imperative plural second-person)
möögot'ek (optative plural second-person)
möökodädäk (optative plural second-person)
mööbät (plural present third-person)
möö (plural present third-person)
möi (past plural third-person)
möökähen (imperative plural third-person)
möökohen (optative plural third-person)
mööksen (passive present)
mööt'äksen (passive present)
möötihen (passive past)
mööttihen (passive past)
möötägäsen (imperative passive)
mööttägäsen (imperative passive)
möötägosen (optative passive)
mööttägosen (optative passive)
möök (connegative present)
möögäk (connegative imperative)
möögok (connegative optative)
mööktäk (connegative passive present)
möötägäk (connegative imperative passive)
mööttägäk (connegative imperative passive)
möötägok (connegative optative passive)
mööttägok (connegative optative passive)
möökcin (conditional conditional-i first-person singular)
möicin (conditional conditional-ii first-person singular)
möönen (first-person potential singular)
möökcit (conditional conditional-i second-person singular)
möicit (conditional conditional-ii second-person singular)
möönet (potential second-person singular)
möökci (conditional conditional-i singular third-person)
möici (conditional conditional-ii singular third-person)
mööni (potential singular third-person)
möökcimek (conditional conditional-i first-person plural)
möökcimäk (conditional conditional-i first-person plural)
möicimek (conditional conditional-ii first-person plural)
möicimäk (conditional conditional-ii first-person plural)
möönemek (first-person plural potential)
möönemäk (first-person plural potential)
möökcidek (conditional conditional-i plural second-person)
möökcidäk (conditional conditional-i plural second-person)
möicidek (conditional conditional-ii plural second-person)
möicidäk (conditional conditional-ii plural second-person)
möönedek (plural potential second-person)
möönedäk (plural potential second-person)
möökci (conditional conditional-i plural third-person)
möici (conditional conditional-ii plural third-person)
mööni (plural potential third-person)
möödäkcisen (conditional conditional-i passive)
mööt'äkcisen (conditional conditional-i passive)
mööticisen (conditional conditional-ii passive)
möötticisen (conditional conditional-ii passive)
möötänesen (passive potential)
mööttänesen (passive potential)
möökcik (conditional conditional-i connegative)
möicik (conditional conditional-ii connegative)
möönek (connegative potential)
möödäkcik (conditional conditional-i connegative passive)
mööt'äkcik (conditional conditional-i connegative passive)
mööticik (conditional conditional-ii connegative passive)
möötticik (conditional conditional-ii connegative passive)
möötänek (connegative passive potential)
mööttänek (connegative passive potential)
möödäk (conditional conditional-i infinitive infinitive-i)
mööpä (active participle present)
möötäbä (participle passive present)
mööttäbä (participle passive present)
mööte- (conditional conditional-i infinitive infinitive-ii)
möönüt (active participle past)
möötü (participle passive past)
mööttü (participle passive past)
möömä (conditional conditional-i gerund supine)
mööminen (conditional conditional-i noun-from-verb)


müüdäk

müü- (stem)
müün (first-person present singular)
müin (first-person past singular)
müügon (first-person optative singular)
müüt (present second-person singular)
müit (past second-person singular)
müük (imperative second-person singular)
müügos (optative second-person singular)
müüpi (present singular third-person)
müü (present singular third-person)
müi (past singular third-person)
müükähen (imperative singular third-person)
müükohen (optative singular third-person)
müükmek (first-person plural present)
müükmäk (first-person plural present)
müimek (first-person past plural)
müimäk (first-person past plural)
müükädemek (first-person imperative plural)
müükädämäk (first-person imperative plural)
müükodemek (first-person optative plural)
müükodämäk (first-person optative plural)
müüktek (plural present second-person)
müüktäk (plural present second-person)
müidek (past plural second-person)
müidäk (past plural second-person)
müükäde (imperative plural second-person)
müükädä (imperative plural second-person)
müügot'ek (optative plural second-person)
müükodädäk (optative plural second-person)
müübät (plural present third-person)
müü (plural present third-person)
müi (past plural third-person)
müükähen (imperative plural third-person)
müükohen (optative plural third-person)
müüksen (passive present)
müüt'äksen (passive present)
müütihen (passive past)
müüttihen (passive past)
müütägäsen (imperative passive)
müüttägäsen (imperative passive)
müütägosen (optative passive)
müüttägosen (optative passive)
müük (connegative present)
müügäk (connegative imperative)
müügok (connegative optative)
müüktäk (connegative passive present)
müütägäk (connegative imperative passive)
müüttägäk (connegative imperative passive)
müütägok (connegative optative passive)
müüttägok (connegative optative passive)
müükcin (conditional conditional-i first-person singular)
müicin (conditional conditional-ii first-person singular)
müünen (first-person potential singular)
müükcit (conditional conditional-i second-person singular)
müicit (conditional conditional-ii second-person singular)
müünet (potential second-person singular)
müükci (conditional conditional-i singular third-person)
müici (conditional conditional-ii singular third-person)
müüni (potential singular third-person)
müükcimek (conditional conditional-i first-person plural)
müükcimäk (conditional conditional-i first-person plural)
müicimek (conditional conditional-ii first-person plural)
müicimäk (conditional conditional-ii first-person plural)
müünemek (first-person plural potential)
müünemäk (first-person plural potential)
müükcidek (conditional conditional-i plural second-person)
müükcidäk (conditional conditional-i plural second-person)
müicidek (conditional conditional-ii plural second-person)
müicidäk (conditional conditional-ii plural second-person)
müünedek (plural potential second-person)
müünedäk (plural potential second-person)
müükci (conditional conditional-i plural third-person)
müici (conditional conditional-ii plural third-person)
müüni (plural potential third-person)
müüdäkcisen (conditional conditional-i passive)
müüt'äkcisen (conditional conditional-i passive)
müüticisen (conditional conditional-ii passive)
müütticisen (conditional conditional-ii passive)
müütänesen (passive potential)
müüttänesen (passive potential)
müükcik (conditional conditional-i connegative)
müicik (conditional conditional-ii connegative)
müünek (connegative potential)
müüdäkcik (conditional conditional-i connegative passive)
müüt'äkcik (conditional conditional-i connegative passive)
müüticik (conditional conditional-ii connegative passive)
müütticik (conditional conditional-ii connegative passive)
müütänek (connegative passive potential)
müüttänek (connegative passive potential)
müüdäk (conditional conditional-i infinitive infinitive-i)
müüpä (active participle present)
müütäbä (participle passive present)
müüttäbä (participle passive present)
müüte- (conditional conditional-i infinitive infinitive-ii)
müünüt (active participle past)
müütü (participle passive past)
müüttü (participle passive past)
müümä (conditional conditional-i gerund supine)
müüminen (conditional conditional-i noun-from-verb)

Livonian: mīdõ

Võro: müümä/müvväq

Estonian: müüma/müüa

Finnish: myydä

Ingrian: myyvvä

q

stem <i class="Latn mention" lang="vot">müü-</i>

Votic: müüvve (stem müü-)

desc

Finnish: (dialectal, Eastern Finnish) myödä

Ingrian: möövvä

Karelian: myyvä

Livvi: myvvä

Veps: möda

q

stem <i class="Latn mention" lang="vot">möö-</i>

Votic: müüvve (stem möö-)


kakci kümmentä

Estonian: kakskümmend

Finnish: kaksikymmentä

Ingrian: kakskymment

Karelian: kaksikymmentä

Livonian:

Courland Livonian: kakškimdõ

Vidzeme Livonian: kaksķumund

Livvi: kaksikymmen

Veps: kaks'kümne

Võro: kats'kümmend

Votic: kahtšümmed


viici toicta kümmentä

Estonian: viisteist, viisteistkümmend

desc

Finnish: viisitoista, (archaic) viisitoistakymmentä

Ingrian: viistoist

Karelian: viisitoista

Livonian:

Courland Livonian: vīžtuoistõn

Vidzeme Livonian: vīstoštķumund

Livvi: viizitostu

Veps: vižtoštkümne

Võro: viis'tõist, viis'tõistkümmend

Votic: viisteiššümed


kuuci toicta kümmentä

Estonian: kuusteist, kuusteistkümmend

Finnish: kuusitoista, (archaic) kuusitoistakymmentä

Ingrian: kuustoist

Karelian: kuusitoista

Livonian:

Courland Livonian: kūžtuoistõn

Vidzeme Livonian: kūstoštķumund

Livvi: kuuzitostu

Veps: kuz'toštkümne

Võro: kuus'tõist, kuus'tõistkümmend

Votic: kuusteiššümed


neljä toicta kümmentä

Estonian: neliteist, neliteistkümmend

Finnish: neljätoista, (archaic) neljätoistakymmentä

Ingrian: neljätoist

Karelian: neljätoista

Livonian:

Courland Livonian: nēļatuoistõn

Vidzeme Livonian: nelätoštķumund

Livvi: nellitostu

Veps: nel'l'toštkümne

Võro: nelitõist, nelitõistkümmend, nellitõist, nellitõistkümmend

Votic: nelʹlʹeteiššümed


säic'en toicta kümmentä

Estonian: seitseteist, seitseteistkümmend

Finnish: seitsemäntoista, (archaic) seitsemäntoistakymmentä

Ingrian: seitsentoist, seitsentoist kymment

Karelian: seiččementoista

Livonian:

Courland Livonian: seistuoistõn

Vidzeme Livonian: seistoštķumund

Livvi: seiččietostu

Veps: seičemetoštkümne

Võro: säidsetõist, säidsetõistkümmend

Votic: seittseteiššümed


kakci toicta kümmentä

Estonian: kaksteist, kaksteistkümmend

Finnish: kaksitoista, (archaic) kaksitoistakymmentä

Ingrian: kakstoist, kakstoist kymment

Karelian: kaksitoista

Livonian:

Courland Livonian: kakštuoistõn

Vidzeme Livonian: kakstoštķumund

Livvi: kaksitostu

Veps: kaks'toštkümne

Võro: kats'tõist, kats'tõistkümmend

Votic: kahsteiššümed


kaktëksa toicta kümmentä

Estonian: kaheksateist, kaheksateistkümmend

Finnish: kahdeksantoista, (archaic) kahdeksantoistakymmentä

Ingrian: kaheksantoist

Karelian: kaheksantoista

Livonian:

Courland Livonian: kǭ’dõkstuoistõn

Vidzeme Livonian: kādikstoštķumund

Livvi: kaheksatostu

Veps: kahesatoštkümne

Võro: katõssatõist, katõssatõistkümmend, katõsatõist, katõsatõistkümmend

Votic: kahõsateiššümed


kolmi toicta kümmentä

Estonian: kolmteist, kolmteistkümmend

Finnish: kolmetoista, (archaic) kolmetoistakymmentä

Ingrian: kolttoist

Karelian: kolmetoista

Livonian:

Courland Livonian: kuolmtuoistõn

Vidzeme Livonian: kolmtoštķumund

Livvi: kolmetostu

Veps: koumetoštkümne

Võro: kolmtõist, kolmtõistkümmend

Votic: kõlmõdteiššümed


ükci toicta kümmentä

Estonian: üksteist, üksteistkümmend

Finnish: yksitoista, (archaic) yksitoistakymmentä

Ingrian: ykstoist, ykstoist kymment

Karelian: yksitoista

Livonian:

Courland Livonian: ikštuoistõn

Vidzeme Livonian: jukstoštķumund

Livvi: yksitostu

Veps: üks'toštkümne

Võro: üts'tõist, üts'tõistkümmend

Votic: ühsteiššümed


ükteksä toicta kümmentä

Estonian: üheksateist, üheksateistkümmend

Finnish: yhdeksäntoista, (archaic) yhdeksäntoistakymmentä

Ingrian: yheksäntoist

Karelian: yheksäntoista

Livonian:

Courland Livonian: ī’dõkstuoistõn

Vidzeme Livonian: ǖdikstoštķumund

Livvi: yheksätostu

Veps: ühesatoštkümne

Võro: ütessätõist, ütessätõistkümmend, ütesätõist, ütesätõistkümmend

Votic: ühesäteiššümed


ruskëda

Estonian: ruske

Finnish: ruskea

Ingrian: ruskia

Karelian:

North Karelian: ruškie

South Karelian: ruškie

Livvi: ruskei

Ludian: rusked

Veps: rusked

Votic: ruska

Related to *rusko and Proto-Samic *ručkëtē. Of ultimately unclear origin, but derived with the suffix *-ëda; the root could possibly ultimately be borrowed from either Proto-Slavic *rusъ, Baltic (compare Lithuanian rùdskis) or Germanic, but none of these theories is certain.


taari

taari (nominative singular)
taarit (nominative plural)
taarin (accusative singular)
taarit (accusative plural)
taarin (genitive singular)
taaridën (genitive plural)
taarëjidën (genitive plural)
taarida (partitive singular)
taarëjita (partitive plural)
taarissa (inessive singular)
taarihna (inessive singular)
taarëjissa (inessive plural)
taarëjihna (inessive plural)
taarista (elative singular)
taarëjista (elative plural)
taarihën (illative singular)
taarëjisën (illative plural)
taarilla (adessive singular)
taarëjilla (adessive plural)
taarilta (ablative singular)
taarëjilta (ablative plural)
taarilën (allative singular)
taarilëk (allative singular)
taarëjilën (allative plural)
taarëjilëk (allative plural)
taarina (essive singular)
taarëjina (essive plural)
taariksi (singular translative)
taarëjiksi (plural translative)
taarin (instructive singular)
taarëjin (instructive plural)
taarinëk (comitative singular)
taarëjinëk (comitative plural)
taaritta (abessive singular)
taarëjitta (abessive plural)

Estonian: taar

Finnish: taari

→? Karelian: toari

Ingrian: taari

Livonian: tōŗ, tōŗiņ

Võro: taar'

Votic: taari


korkëduc

korkëduc (nominative singular)
korkëdudët (nominative plural)
korkëdudën (accusative singular)
korkëdudët (accusative plural)
korkëdudën (genitive singular)
korkëdut'ën (genitive plural)
korkëducidën (genitive plural)
korkëdutta (partitive singular)
korkëducida (partitive plural)
korkëdudëssa (inessive singular)
korkëdudëhna (inessive singular)
korkëducissa (inessive plural)
korkëducihna (inessive plural)
korkëdudësta (elative singular)
korkëducista (elative plural)
korkëdutëhën (illative singular)
korkëducihën (illative plural)
korkëdudëlla (adessive singular)
korkëducilla (adessive plural)
korkëdudëlta (ablative singular)
korkëducilta (ablative plural)
korkëdutëlën (allative singular)
korkëdutëlëk (allative singular)
korkëducilën (allative plural)
korkëducilëk (allative plural)
korkëdunna (essive singular)
korkëducina (essive plural)
korkëdudëksi (singular translative)
korkëduciksi (plural translative)
korkëdudën (instructive singular)
korkëducin (instructive plural)
korkëdunnëk (comitative singular)
korkëducinëk (comitative plural)
korkëdudëtta (abessive singular)
korkëducitta (abessive plural)

Estonian: kõrgus

Finnish: korkeus

Ingrian: korkehus

Karelian: korkehus

Veps: korktuz'

Võro: korgus

Votic: kõrkuz


pühä

From Proto-Finno-Permic *pišä. Cognate with Proto-Samic *pësē (“sacred”), probably also Erzya пежеть (pežeť, “sin”), Moksha пеже (peže, “sin”), Komi пеж (pež, “unholy, heathen, dirty”) and Udmurt пож (pož, “dirty, foul”). Derivation from Proto-Germanic has been proposed (compare German weihen (“to consecrate”), from earlier *wīhaną), but this is difficult to reconcile with the Mordvinic and Permic cognates.


pühä

pühä (nominative singular)
pühät (nominative plural)
pühän (accusative singular)
pühät (accusative plural)
pühän (genitive singular)
pühäden (genitive plural)
püheiden (genitive plural)
pühädä (partitive singular)
püheidä (partitive plural)
pühässä (inessive singular)
pühähnä (inessive singular)
püheissä (inessive plural)
püheihnä (inessive plural)
pühästä (elative singular)
püheistä (elative plural)
pühähen (illative singular)
püheihen (illative plural)
pühällä (adessive singular)
püheillä (adessive plural)
pühältä (ablative singular)
püheiltä (ablative plural)
pühälen (allative singular)
pühälek (allative singular)
püheilen (allative plural)
püheilek (allative plural)
pühänä (essive singular)
püheinä (essive plural)
pühäksi (singular translative)
püheiksi (plural translative)
pühän (instructive singular)
pühein (instructive plural)
pühänek (comitative singular)
püheinek (comitative plural)
pühättä (abessive singular)
püheittä (abessive plural)

Estonian: püha

Finnish: pyhä

Ingrian: pyhä

Karelian: pyhä

Livonian: pivā, (Salaca) püä

Livvi: pyhä

Ludian: pühä

Veps: pühä

Võro: pühä

Votic: pühä


hipjä

hipjä (nominative singular)
hipjät (nominative plural)
hipjän (accusative singular)
hipjät (accusative plural)
hipjän (genitive singular)
hipjäden (genitive plural)
hipjeiden (genitive plural)
hipjädä (partitive singular)
hipjeidä (partitive plural)
hipjässä (inessive singular)
hipjähnä (inessive singular)
hipjeissä (inessive plural)
hipjeihnä (inessive plural)
hipjästä (elative singular)
hipjeistä (elative plural)
hipjähen (illative singular)
hipjeihen (illative plural)
hipjällä (adessive singular)
hipjeillä (adessive plural)
hipjältä (ablative singular)
hipjeiltä (ablative plural)
hipjälen (allative singular)
hipjälek (allative singular)
hipjeilen (allative plural)
hipjeilek (allative plural)
hipjänä (essive singular)
hipjeinä (essive plural)
hipjäksi (singular translative)
hipjeiksi (plural translative)
hipjän (instructive singular)
hipjein (instructive plural)
hipjänek (comitative singular)
hipjeinek (comitative plural)
hipjättä (abessive singular)
hipjeittä (abessive plural)

Estonian: (obsolete) hivu (“body”)

Finnish: hipiä

Ingrian: hippiä

Karelian:

North Karelian: hipie

South Karelian: hibie

Livvi: hibju

Ludian: hibd'

Veps: hibj

Borrowed from Proto-Germanic *hiwją (compare e.g. Swedish hy), with a substitution *wj → *pj for phonotactic reasons.


kontija

kontija (nominative singular)
kontijat (nominative plural)
kontijan (accusative singular)
kontijat (accusative plural)
kontijan (genitive singular)
kontijadën (genitive plural)
kontijoidën (genitive plural)
kontijata (partitive singular)
kontijoita (partitive plural)
kontijassa (inessive singular)
kontijahna (inessive singular)
kontijoissa (inessive plural)
kontijoihna (inessive plural)
kontijasta (elative singular)
kontijoista (elative plural)
kontijasën (illative singular)
kontijoisën (illative plural)
kontijalla (adessive singular)
kontijoilla (adessive plural)
kontijalta (ablative singular)
kontijoilta (ablative plural)
kontijalën (allative singular)
kontijalëk (allative singular)
kontijoilën (allative plural)
kontijoilëk (allative plural)
kontijana (essive singular)
kontijoina (essive plural)
kontijaksi (singular translative)
kontijoiksi (plural translative)
kontijan (instructive singular)
kontijoin (instructive plural)
kontijanëk (comitative singular)
kontijoinëk (comitative plural)
kontijatta (abessive singular)
kontijoitta (abessive plural)

Finnish: kontio, (dialectal) kontia

→ Estonian: (dialectal) konja

Karelian:

North Karelian: kontie

South Karelian: kondie

Livvi: kondii

Ludian: kondii

Veps: kondi

Several possible origins have been proposed, including:
# A loan from a Sami language; compare Proto-Samic *kuomčë (“bear”), which could itself be a substrate word. The sound substition *č → *ti would be unusual, but has a small number of parallels.
# *kontidak + *-ja, a taboo formation meaning "the slow walker".
Aikio (2009) argues that given the exact semantic match, the first explanation should be preferred.
A large number of additional hypotheses have been explored by Oksanen (2007).


saarëlainën

saarëlainën (nominative singular)
saarëlaicët (nominative plural)
saarëlaicën (accusative singular)
saarëlaicët (accusative plural)
saarëlaicën (genitive singular)
saarëlaictën (genitive plural)
saarëlaicidën (genitive plural)
saarëlaicta (partitive singular)
saarëlaicida (partitive plural)
saarëlaicëssa (inessive singular)
saarëlaicëhna (inessive singular)
saarëlaicissa (inessive plural)
saarëlaicihna (inessive plural)
saarëlaicësta (elative singular)
saarëlaicista (elative plural)
saarëlaicëhën (illative singular)
saarëlaicihën (illative plural)
saarëlaicëlla (adessive singular)
saarëlaicilla (adessive plural)
saarëlaicëlta (ablative singular)
saarëlaicilta (ablative plural)
saarëlaicëlën (allative singular)
saarëlaicëlëk (allative singular)
saarëlaicilën (allative plural)
saarëlaicilëk (allative plural)
saarëlainna (essive singular)
saarëlaicina (essive plural)
saarëlaicëksi (singular translative)
saarëlaiciksi (plural translative)
saarëlaicën (instructive singular)
saarëlaicin (instructive plural)
saarëlainnëk (comitative singular)
saarëlaicinëk (comitative plural)
saarëlaicëtta (abessive singular)
saarëlaicitta (abessive plural)

Estonian: saarlane

Finnish: saarelainen

Ingrian: saarelain

Livonian: sǭrli

Võro: saarlanõ

Votic: saarõlain


pooli

Via earlier *pale from Proto-Uralic *pälä (“half”). The development is regular, according to Aikio (2012) and Zhivlov (2014); compare e.g. *loomi from Proto-Uralic *lämä, *talvi from Proto-Uralic *tälwä.
The word has also been compared to Slavic *polъ (“half”), presuming an irregular stem-type shift *pola > *pooli after loaning. According to Aikio (2013, 2016), previously proposed examples of this change in inherited vocabulary are to be explained otherwise, however (compare e.g. *kooldak).


pooli

pooli (nominative singular)
poolët (nominative plural)
poolën (accusative singular)
poolët (accusative plural)
poolën (genitive singular)
pooldën (genitive plural)
poolidën (genitive plural)
poolta (partitive singular)
poolida (partitive plural)
poolëssa (inessive singular)
poolëhna (inessive singular)
poolissa (inessive plural)
poolihna (inessive plural)
poolësta (elative singular)
poolista (elative plural)
poolëhën (illative singular)
poolihën (illative plural)
poolëlla (adessive singular)
poolilla (adessive plural)
poolëlta (ablative singular)
poolilta (ablative plural)
poolëlën (allative singular)
poolëlëk (allative singular)
poolilën (allative plural)
poolilëk (allative plural)
poolla (essive singular)
poolina (essive plural)
poolëksi (singular translative)
pooliksi (plural translative)
poolën (instructive singular)
poolin (instructive plural)
poollëk (comitative singular)
poolinëk (comitative plural)
poolëtta (abessive singular)
poolitta (abessive plural)

Estonian: pool

Finnish: puoli

Ingrian: pooli, (Ala-Laukaa) pool

Karelian: puoli

Livonian: pūoļ

Livvi: puoli

Ludian: puol'

Veps: pol'


peeli

peeli (nominative singular)
peelet (nominative plural)
peelen (accusative singular)
peelet (accusative plural)
peelen (genitive singular)
peelden (genitive plural)
peeliden (genitive plural)
peeltä (partitive singular)
peelidä (partitive plural)
peelessä (inessive singular)
peelehnä (inessive singular)
peelissä (inessive plural)
peelihnä (inessive plural)
peelestä (elative singular)
peelistä (elative plural)
peelehen (illative singular)
peelihen (illative plural)
peelellä (adessive singular)
peelillä (adessive plural)
peeleltä (ablative singular)
peeliltä (ablative plural)
peelelen (allative singular)
peelelek (allative singular)
peelilen (allative plural)
peelilek (allative plural)
peellä (essive singular)
peelinä (essive plural)
peeleksi (singular translative)
peeliksi (plural translative)
peelen (instructive singular)
peelin (instructive plural)
peellek (comitative singular)
peelinek (comitative plural)
peelettä (abessive singular)
peelittä (abessive plural)

Estonian: peel

Finnish: pieli

Ingrian: peeli

Karelian: pieli

Livonian: pēļ

Livvi: pieli

Ludian: piel

Veps: pel'

Võro: piil'

From Proto-Uralic *päle, with regular raising and lengthening of *ä as also in e.g. *keeli, *veeri (Aikio 2012).


tervehüc

tervehüc (nominative singular)
tervehüdet (nominative plural)
tervehüden (accusative singular)
tervehüdet (accusative plural)
tervehüden (genitive singular)
tervehüt'en (genitive plural)
tervehüciden (genitive plural)
tervehüttä (partitive singular)
tervehücidä (partitive plural)
tervehüdessä (inessive singular)
tervehüdehnä (inessive singular)
tervehücissä (inessive plural)
tervehücihnä (inessive plural)
tervehüdestä (elative singular)
tervehücistä (elative plural)
tervehütehen (illative singular)
tervehücihen (illative plural)
tervehüdellä (adessive singular)
tervehücillä (adessive plural)
tervehüdeltä (ablative singular)
tervehüciltä (ablative plural)
tervehütelen (allative singular)
tervehütelek (allative singular)
tervehücilen (allative plural)
tervehücilek (allative plural)
tervehünnä (essive singular)
tervehücinä (essive plural)
tervehüdeksi (singular translative)
tervehüciksi (plural translative)
tervehüden (instructive singular)
tervehücin (instructive plural)
tervehünnek (comitative singular)
tervehücinek (comitative plural)
tervehüdettä (abessive singular)
tervehücittä (abessive plural)

Estonian: tervis

Finnish: terveys

Ingrian: tervehys

Karelian: tervehys

Livvi: tervehys

Veps: tervhuz'

Võro: tervüs

Votic: tervüz, terveüz


tërva

tërva (nominative singular)
tërvat (nominative plural)
tërvan (accusative singular)
tërvat (accusative plural)
tërvan (genitive singular)
tërvadën (genitive plural)
tërvoidën (genitive plural)
tërvada (partitive singular)
tërvoida (partitive plural)
tërvassa (inessive singular)
tërvahna (inessive singular)
tërvoissa (inessive plural)
tërvoihna (inessive plural)
tërvasta (elative singular)
tërvoista (elative plural)
tërvahën (illative singular)
tërvoihën (illative plural)
tërvalla (adessive singular)
tërvoilla (adessive plural)
tërvalta (ablative singular)
tërvoilta (ablative plural)
tërvalën (allative singular)
tërvalëk (allative singular)
tërvoilën (allative plural)
tërvoilëk (allative plural)
tërvana (essive singular)
tërvoina (essive plural)
tërvaksi (singular translative)
tërvoiksi (plural translative)
tërvan (instructive singular)
tërvoin (instructive plural)
tërvanëk (comitative singular)
tërvoinëk (comitative plural)
tërvatta (abessive singular)
tërvoitta (abessive plural)

Estonian: tõrv

Finnish: terva

Ingrian: terva

Karelian: terva

Livonian: tȭra

Livvi: tervu

Ludian: terv

Veps: terv

Võro: tõrv

Votic: tõrvõ

→ Proto-Samic: *tërvē

A loanword from either Baltic (compare Proto-Balto-Slavic *dérwa) or Germanic (compare Proto-Germanic *terwą). Either way from Proto-Indo-European *dérw-o-m, from *dóru (“wood”).


ilbes

ilbes (nominative singular)
ilbekset (nominative plural)
ilbeksen (accusative singular)
ilbekset (accusative plural)
ilbeksen (genitive singular)
ilbesten (genitive plural)
ilbeksiden (genitive plural)
ilbestä (partitive singular)
ilbeksitä (partitive plural)
ilbeksessä (inessive singular)
ilbeksehnä (inessive singular)
ilbeksissä (inessive plural)
ilbeksihnä (inessive plural)
ilbeksestä (elative singular)
ilbeksistä (elative plural)
ilbeksesen (illative singular)
ilbeksisen (illative plural)
ilbeksellä (adessive singular)
ilbeksillä (adessive plural)
ilbekseltä (ablative singular)
ilbeksiltä (ablative plural)
ilbekselen (allative singular)
ilbekselek (allative singular)
ilbeksilen (allative plural)
ilbeksilek (allative plural)
ilbessä (essive singular)
ilbeksinä (essive plural)
ilbekseksi (singular translative)
ilbeksiksi (plural translative)
ilbeksen (instructive singular)
ilbeksin (instructive plural)
ilbessek (comitative singular)
ilbeksinek (comitative plural)
ilbeksettä (abessive singular)
ilbeksittä (abessive plural)

Estonian: ilves

Finnish: ilves

Ingrian: ilves

Karelian: ilves

Livonian: īlbõks

Ludian: ilvez

Veps: il'bez

Võro: ilves

Votic: ilvez

From earlier *ilpekse; cognate with Proto-Samic *ëlpës. Further origin unknown, potentially a substrate word. Has at times been compared to Lithuanian vilpišys (“wildcat”) and other derivatives from Proto-Indo-European *h₂wl(o)p- ~ *h₂ulp- as well; an Indo-European etymon proposed in a presentation given by Heikkilä (2015) is Proto-Indo-European *wḷp-iksios, which would have been borrowed into Finnic through a Para-West Uralic language (Proto-Indo-European *wḷp-iksios → Para-West Uralic *(w)ülpiksi > *ilpiksi → Early Proto-Finnic *ilpekse).


toomi

toomi (nominative singular)
toomët (nominative plural)
toomën (accusative singular)
toomët (accusative plural)
toomën (genitive singular)
toondën (genitive plural)
toomidën (genitive plural)
toonta (partitive singular)
toomida (partitive plural)
toomëssa (inessive singular)
toomëhna (inessive singular)
toomissa (inessive plural)
toomihna (inessive plural)
toomësta (elative singular)
toomista (elative plural)
toomëhën (illative singular)
toomihën (illative plural)
toomëlla (adessive singular)
toomilla (adessive plural)
toomëlta (ablative singular)
toomilta (ablative plural)
toomëlën (allative singular)
toomëlëk (allative singular)
toomilën (allative plural)
toomilëk (allative plural)
toomëna (essive singular)
toomina (essive plural)
toomëksi (singular translative)
toomiksi (plural translative)
toomën (instructive singular)
toomin (instructive plural)
toomënëk (comitative singular)
toominëk (comitative plural)
toomëtta (abessive singular)
toomitta (abessive plural)

Estonian: toom

Finnish: tuomi

Ingrian: toomi

Karelian: tuomi

Livonian: tūoimki

Livvi: tuomi

Ludian: tuom

Veps: tom'

Võro: tuum'

Votic: toomi

From Proto-Uralic *ďëme. Cognates include Proto-Samic *δuomë.


leemi

leemi (nominative singular)
leemet (nominative plural)
leemen (accusative singular)
leemet (accusative plural)
leemen (genitive singular)
leenden (genitive plural)
leemiden (genitive plural)
leentä (partitive singular)
leemidä (partitive plural)
leemessä (inessive singular)
leemehnä (inessive singular)
leemissä (inessive plural)
leemihnä (inessive plural)
leemestä (elative singular)
leemistä (elative plural)
leemehen (illative singular)
leemihen (illative plural)
leemellä (adessive singular)
leemillä (adessive plural)
leemeltä (ablative singular)
leemiltä (ablative plural)
leemelen (allative singular)
leemelek (allative singular)
leemilen (allative plural)
leemilek (allative plural)
leemenä (essive singular)
leeminä (essive plural)
leemeksi (singular translative)
leemiksi (plural translative)
leemen (instructive singular)
leemin (instructive plural)
leemenek (comitative singular)
leeminek (comitative plural)
leemettä (abessive singular)
leemittä (abessive plural)

Estonian: leem

Finnish: liemi

Ingrian: leemi

Karelian:

North Karelian: liemi

South Karelian: liemi

Livonian: līem

Livvi: liemi

Veps: lem'

Võro: liim'

Votic: (Jõgõperä, Kattila) leemi

From Proto-Uralic *läme, whence also Hungarian lé, Kildin Sami лимм (limm).


peeni

peeni (nominative singular)
peenet (nominative plural)
peenen (accusative singular)
peenet (accusative plural)
peenen (genitive singular)
peenden (genitive plural)
peeniden (genitive plural)
peentä (partitive singular)
peenidä (partitive plural)
peenessä (inessive singular)
peenehnä (inessive singular)
peenissä (inessive plural)
peenihnä (inessive plural)
peenestä (elative singular)
peenistä (elative plural)
peenehen (illative singular)
peenihen (illative plural)
peenellä (adessive singular)
peenillä (adessive plural)
peeneltä (ablative singular)
peeniltä (ablative plural)
peenelen (allative singular)
peenelek (allative singular)
peenilen (allative plural)
peenilek (allative plural)
peennä (essive singular)
peeninä (essive plural)
peeneksi (singular translative)
peeniksi (plural translative)
peenen (instructive singular)
peenin (instructive plural)
peennek (comitative singular)
peeninek (comitative plural)
peenettä (abessive singular)
peenittä (abessive plural)

Estonian: peen

Finnish: pieni

Ingrian: peeni, peen

Karelian: pieni

Livonian: pien

Ludian: pien'

Veps: pen'

Votic: peeni

Unknown. Borrowing from Proto-Germanic *spēnuz, as once proposed, is not possible due to semantic and phonetic issues (it, however, was probably borrowed into Finnic as *pëëna). If the Finnic word goes back to earlier *päne, it could be related to Proto-Uralic *pänɜ- (“to grind”) (akin to Proto-Uralic *pänɜ (“grindstone”), whence e.g. Hungarian fen), through a development like "to grind (fine)" > "fine" > "small", although this kind of zero derivation of an adjective from a verb has no known parallels.


tuntëdak

tuntë- (stem)
tundën (first-person present singular)
tuncin (first-person past singular)
tuntëgon (first-person optative singular)
tundët (present second-person singular)
tuncit (past second-person singular)
tundëk (imperative second-person singular)
tuntëgos (optative second-person singular)
tuntëbi (present singular third-person)
tunci (present singular third-person)
tunci (past singular third-person)
tuntëgasën (imperative singular third-person)
tuntëgosën (optative singular third-person)
tundëkmëk (first-person plural present)
tundëkmak (first-person plural present)
tuncimëk (first-person past plural)
tuncimak (first-person past plural)
tuntëgatëmëk (first-person imperative plural)
tuntëgatamak (first-person imperative plural)
tuntëgotëmëk (first-person optative plural)
tuntëgotamak (first-person optative plural)
tundëktëk (plural present second-person)
tundëktak (plural present second-person)
tuncidëk (past plural second-person)
tuncidak (past plural second-person)
tuntëgatë (imperative plural second-person)
tuntëgata (imperative plural second-person)
tuntëgot'ëk (optative plural second-person)
tuntëgotadak (optative plural second-person)
tuntëbat (plural present third-person)
tunci (plural present third-person)
tunci (past plural third-person)
tuntëgasën (imperative plural third-person)
tuntëgosën (optative plural third-person)
tundëksën (passive present)
tundët'aksën (passive present)
tuntëdisën (passive past)
tundëttisën (passive past)
tuntëdakahën (imperative passive)
tundëttakahën (imperative passive)
tuntëdakohën (optative passive)
tundëttakohën (optative passive)
tundëk (connegative present)
tuntëgak (connegative imperative)
tuntëgok (connegative optative)
tundëktak (connegative passive present)
tuntëdagak (connegative imperative passive)
tundëttagak (connegative imperative passive)
tuntëdagok (connegative optative passive)
tundëttagok (connegative optative passive)
tundëkcin (conditional conditional-i first-person singular)
tuncicin (conditional conditional-ii first-person singular)
tuntënën (first-person potential singular)
tundëkcit (conditional conditional-i second-person singular)
tuncicit (conditional conditional-ii second-person singular)
tuntënët (potential second-person singular)
tundëkci (conditional conditional-i singular third-person)
tuncici (conditional conditional-ii singular third-person)
tuntëni (potential singular third-person)
tundëkcimëk (conditional conditional-i first-person plural)
tundëkcimak (conditional conditional-i first-person plural)
tuncicimëk (conditional conditional-ii first-person plural)
tuncicimak (conditional conditional-ii first-person plural)
tuntënëmëk (first-person plural potential)
tuntënëmak (first-person plural potential)
tundëkcidëk (conditional conditional-i plural second-person)
tundëkcidak (conditional conditional-i plural second-person)
tuncicidëk (conditional conditional-ii plural second-person)
tuncicidak (conditional conditional-ii plural second-person)
tuntënëdëk (plural potential second-person)
tuntënëdak (plural potential second-person)
tundëkci (conditional conditional-i plural third-person)
tuncici (conditional conditional-ii plural third-person)
tuntëni (plural potential third-person)
tuntëdakcihën (conditional conditional-i passive)
tundët'akcihën (conditional conditional-i passive)
tuntëdicihën (conditional conditional-ii passive)
tundëtticihën (conditional conditional-ii passive)
tuntëdanëhën (passive potential)
tundëttanëhën (passive potential)
tundëkcik (conditional conditional-i connegative)
tuncicik (conditional conditional-ii connegative)
tuntënëk (connegative potential)
tuntëdakcik (conditional conditional-i connegative passive)
tundët'akcik (conditional conditional-i connegative passive)
tuntëdicik (conditional conditional-ii connegative passive)
tundëtticik (conditional conditional-ii connegative passive)
tuntëdanëk (connegative passive potential)
tundëttanëk (connegative passive potential)
tuntëdak (conditional conditional-i infinitive infinitive-i)
tuntëba (active participle present)
tuntëdapa (participle passive present)
tundëttapa (participle passive present)
tuntëdë- (conditional conditional-i infinitive infinitive-ii)
tuntënut (active participle past)
tuntëdu (participle passive past)
tundëttu (participle passive past)
tuntëma (conditional conditional-i gerund supine)
tuntëminen (conditional conditional-i noun-from-verb)

Estonian: tundma/tunda

Finnish: tuntea

Ingrian: tuntia

Karelian: tuntie, tuta

Livonian: tund

Livvi: tundie

Ludian: tuta

Veps: tuntta

Võro: tundma/tundaq

Votic: tuntõa


viherä

viherä (nominative singular)
viherät (nominative plural)
viherän (accusative singular)
viherät (accusative plural)
viherän (genitive singular)
viheräden (genitive plural)
vihereiden (genitive plural)
viherätä (partitive singular)
vihereitä (partitive plural)
viherässä (inessive singular)
viherähnä (inessive singular)
vihereissä (inessive plural)
vihereihnä (inessive plural)
viherästä (elative singular)
vihereistä (elative plural)
viheräsen (illative singular)
vihereisen (illative plural)
viherällä (adessive singular)
vihereillä (adessive plural)
viherältä (ablative singular)
vihereiltä (ablative plural)
viherälen (allative singular)
viherälek (allative singular)
vihereilen (allative plural)
vihereilek (allative plural)
viheränä (essive singular)
vihereinä (essive plural)
viheräksi (singular translative)
vihereiksi (plural translative)
viherän (instructive singular)
viherein (instructive plural)
viheränek (comitative singular)
vihereinek (comitative plural)
viherättä (abessive singular)
vihereittä (abessive plural)

Finnish: vihreä, viher-, (dialectal) viherä

Ingrian: viherä

Livonian:

Courland Livonian: vī’ri ("yellow")

Vidzeme Livonian: vīri ("yellow")

Veps: viher

Votic: vihere

From *viha (“greenness”) + *-rä. The shift *a > *e in the stem is unclear.