pelgäit'äk

pelkäidä- (stem)
pelkäidän (first-person present singular)
pelkäicin (first-person past singular)
pelgäitkon (first-person optative singular)
pelkäidät (present second-person singular)
pelkäicit (past second-person singular)
pelkäidäk (imperative second-person singular)
pelgäitkos (optative second-person singular)
pelkäidäpi (present singular third-person)
pelgäit (present singular third-person)
pelkäici (past singular third-person)
pelgäitkäsen (imperative singular third-person)
pelgäitkosen (optative singular third-person)
pelkäidäkmek (first-person plural present)
pelkäidäkmäk (first-person plural present)
pelkäicimek (first-person past plural)
pelkäicimäk (first-person past plural)
pelgäitkätemek (first-person imperative plural)
pelgäitkätämäk (first-person imperative plural)
pelgäitkotemek (first-person optative plural)
pelgäitkotämäk (first-person optative plural)
pelkäidäktek (plural present second-person)
pelkäidäktäk (plural present second-person)
pelkäicidek (past plural second-person)
pelkäicidäk (past plural second-person)
pelgäitkäte (imperative plural second-person)
pelgäitkätä (imperative plural second-person)
pelgäitkot'ek (optative plural second-person)
pelgäitkotädäk (optative plural second-person)
pelkäidäbät (plural present third-person)
pelgäit (plural present third-person)
pelkäici (past plural third-person)
pelgäitkäsen (imperative plural third-person)
pelgäitkosen (optative plural third-person)
pelkäidäksen (passive present)
pelkäidät'äksen (passive present)
pelgäittisen (passive past)
pelkäidättihen (passive past)
pelgäittäkähen (imperative passive)
pelkäidättägäsen (imperative passive)
pelgäittäkohen (optative passive)
pelkäidättägosen (optative passive)
pelkäidäk (connegative present)
pelgäitkäk (connegative imperative)
pelgäitkok (connegative optative)
pelkäidäktäk (connegative passive present)
pelgäittägäk (connegative imperative passive)
pelkäidättägäk (connegative imperative passive)
pelgäittägok (connegative optative passive)
pelkäidättägok (connegative optative passive)
pelkäidäkcin (conditional conditional-i first-person singular)
pelkäicicin (conditional conditional-ii first-person singular)
pelgäinnen (first-person potential singular)
pelkäidäkcit (conditional conditional-i second-person singular)
pelkäicicit (conditional conditional-ii second-person singular)
pelgäinnet (potential second-person singular)
pelkäidäkci (conditional conditional-i singular third-person)
pelkäicici (conditional conditional-ii singular third-person)
pelgäinni (potential singular third-person)
pelkäidäkcimek (conditional conditional-i first-person plural)
pelkäidäkcimäk (conditional conditional-i first-person plural)
pelkäicicimek (conditional conditional-ii first-person plural)
pelkäicicimäk (conditional conditional-ii first-person plural)
pelgäinnemek (first-person plural potential)
pelgäinnemäk (first-person plural potential)
pelkäidäkcidek (conditional conditional-i plural second-person)
pelkäidäkcidäk (conditional conditional-i plural second-person)
pelkäicicidek (conditional conditional-ii plural second-person)
pelkäicicidäk (conditional conditional-ii plural second-person)
pelgäinnedek (plural potential second-person)
pelgäinnedäk (plural potential second-person)
pelkäidäkci (conditional conditional-i plural third-person)
pelkäicici (conditional conditional-ii plural third-person)
pelgäinni (plural potential third-person)
pelgäit'äkcihen (conditional conditional-i passive)
pelkäidät'äkcisen (conditional conditional-i passive)
pelgäitticihen (conditional conditional-ii passive)
pelkäidätticisen (conditional conditional-ii passive)
pelgäittänehen (passive potential)
pelkäidättänesen (passive potential)
pelkäidäkcik (conditional conditional-i connegative)
pelkäicicik (conditional conditional-ii connegative)
pelgäinnek (connegative potential)
pelgäit'äkcik (conditional conditional-i connegative passive)
pelkäidät'äkcik (conditional conditional-i connegative passive)
pelgäitticik (conditional conditional-ii connegative passive)
pelkäidätticik (conditional conditional-ii connegative passive)
pelgäittänek (connegative passive potential)
pelkäidättänek (connegative passive potential)
pelgäit'äk (conditional conditional-i infinitive infinitive-i)
pelkäidäpä (active participle present)
pelgäittäpä (participle passive present)
pelkäidättäbä (participle passive present)
pelgäitte- (conditional conditional-i infinitive infinitive-ii)
pelgäinnüt (active participle past)
pelgäittü (participle passive past)
pelkäidättü (participle passive past)
pelkäidämä (conditional conditional-i gerund supine)
pelkäidäminen (conditional conditional-i noun-from-verb)

Estonian: pelgama/peljata

Finnish: pelätä, peljätä

Ingrian: pölätä

Livonian: pälg (Salaca)

Võro: pelgämä/pelädäq

Votic: pellete

From Proto-Uralic *pele- (“to fear”) (whence also Proto-Samic *pëlëtēk). In Finnic, this root was extended with *-ka- to beget *pele-kä- > *pelkä-. The verb *pelgäit'äk and noun *pelko (“fear”) represent parallel derivatives from this stem, the verb with *-it'ak and the noun with *-o.


hapras

hapras (nominative singular)
haprahët (nominative plural)
haprahën (accusative singular)
haprahët (accusative plural)
haprahën (genitive singular)
haprastën (genitive plural)
haprahidën (genitive plural)
haprasta (partitive singular)
haprahita (partitive plural)
haprahëssa (inessive singular)
haprahëhna (inessive singular)
haprahissa (inessive plural)
haprahihna (inessive plural)
haprahësta (elative singular)
haprahista (elative plural)
haprahësën (illative singular)
haprahisën (illative plural)
haprahëlla (adessive singular)
haprahilla (adessive plural)
haprahëlta (ablative singular)
haprahilta (ablative plural)
haprahëlën (allative singular)
haprahëlëk (allative singular)
haprahilën (allative plural)
haprahilëk (allative plural)
haprassa (essive singular)
haprahina (essive plural)
haprahëksi (singular translative)
haprahiksi (plural translative)
haprahën (instructive singular)
haprahin (instructive plural)
haprassëk (comitative singular)
haprahinëk (comitative plural)
haprahëtta (abessive singular)
haprahitta (abessive plural)

Estonian: habras

Finnish: hauras

Ingrian: habras

Karelian: hapras

Livonian: a’bbõrz

⇒ Ludian: habrak

Võro: habras

Votic: (Mati, Pummala) abraz

From earlier *šapras, possibly borrowed from Proto-Germanic *sauraz (“dirt, filth, wet earth”), compare Icelandic saur.


orpoi

From Proto-Finno-Ugric *orpa + *-oi, borrowed from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hárbʰas, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₃órbʰos. Cognates include Proto-Samic *oarpēs, Erzya уроз (uroz), Hungarian árva.


orpoi

orpoi (nominative singular)
orboit (nominative plural)
orboin (accusative singular)
orboit (accusative plural)
orboin (genitive singular)
orpoidën (genitive plural)
orpoida (partitive singular)
orpoida (partitive plural)
orboissa (inessive singular)
orboihna (inessive singular)
orboissa (inessive plural)
orboihna (inessive plural)
orboista (elative singular)
orboista (elative plural)
orpoihën (illative singular)
orpoihën (illative plural)
orboilla (adessive singular)
orboilla (adessive plural)
orboilta (ablative singular)
orboilta (ablative plural)
orpoilën (allative singular)
orpoilëk (allative singular)
orpoilën (allative plural)
orpoilëk (allative plural)
orpoina (essive singular)
orpoina (essive plural)
orboiksi (singular translative)
orboiksi (plural translative)
orboin (instructive singular)
orboin (instructive plural)
orpoinëk (comitative singular)
orpoinëk (comitative plural)
orboitta (abessive singular)
orboitta (abessive plural)

Finnish: orpo, (dialectal) orvoi

→ Estonian: orb

Ingrian: orpo

Karelian: orpo, orpoi (Northern), orboi (Southern)

Livvi: orboi


hoono

hoono (nominative singular)
hoonot (nominative plural)
hoonon (accusative singular)
hoonot (accusative plural)
hoonon (genitive singular)
hoonodën (genitive plural)
hoonoidën (genitive plural)
hoonoda (partitive singular)
hoonoida (partitive plural)
hoonossa (inessive singular)
hoonohna (inessive singular)
hoonoissa (inessive plural)
hoonoihna (inessive plural)
hoonosta (elative singular)
hoonoista (elative plural)
hoonohën (illative singular)
hoonoihën (illative plural)
hoonolla (adessive singular)
hoonoilla (adessive plural)
hoonolta (ablative singular)
hoonoilta (ablative plural)
hoonolën (allative singular)
hoonolëk (allative singular)
hoonoilën (allative plural)
hoonoilëk (allative plural)
hoonona (essive singular)
hoonoina (essive plural)
hoonoksi (singular translative)
hoonoiksi (plural translative)
hoonon (instructive singular)
hoonoin (instructive plural)
hoononëk (comitative singular)
hoonoinëk (comitative plural)
hoonotta (abessive singular)
hoonoitta (abessive plural)

Estonian: (dialectal) hoon

Finnish: huono

Ingrian: hoono

→ Votic: hoono

Karelian:

North Karelian: huono

South Karelian: huono

Livvi: huono

Ludian: huon

Votic: oono


majaga

majaga (nominative singular)
majagat (nominative plural)
majagan (accusative singular)
majagat (accusative plural)
majagan (genitive singular)
majagadën (genitive plural)
majagoidën (genitive plural)
majagata (partitive singular)
majagoita (partitive plural)
majagassa (inessive singular)
majagahna (inessive singular)
majagoissa (inessive plural)
majagoihna (inessive plural)
majagasta (elative singular)
majagoista (elative plural)
majagasën (illative singular)
majagoisën (illative plural)
majagalla (adessive singular)
majagoilla (adessive plural)
majagalta (ablative singular)
majagoilta (ablative plural)
majagalën (allative singular)
majagalëk (allative singular)
majagoilën (allative plural)
majagoilëk (allative plural)
majagana (essive singular)
majagoina (essive plural)
majagaksi (singular translative)
majagoiksi (plural translative)
majagan (instructive singular)
majagoin (instructive plural)
majaganëk (comitative singular)
majagoinëk (comitative plural)
majagatta (abessive singular)
majagoitta (abessive plural)

Finnish: majava, (dialectal) majaa

Karelian:

South Karelian: majua

Livvi: majai

Ludian: majai

Veps: majag

Võro: majjai, maiai, majaja, majajas

→ Proto-Samic: *mājēkē (see there for further descendants)

From Proto-Finno-Permic *maja + *-ga. Akin to Proto-Mordvinic *mija- and Proto-Permic *moj.


rik'as

rik'as (nominative singular)
rikkahët (nominative plural)
rikkahën (accusative singular)
rikkahët (accusative plural)
rikkahën (genitive singular)
rik'astën (genitive plural)
rikkahidën (genitive plural)
rik'asta (partitive singular)
rikkahita (partitive plural)
rikkahëssa (inessive singular)
rikkahëhna (inessive singular)
rikkahissa (inessive plural)
rikkahihna (inessive plural)
rikkahësta (elative singular)
rikkahista (elative plural)
rikkahësën (illative singular)
rikkahisën (illative plural)
rikkahëlla (adessive singular)
rikkahilla (adessive plural)
rikkahëlta (ablative singular)
rikkahilta (ablative plural)
rikkahëlën (allative singular)
rikkahëlëk (allative singular)
rikkahilën (allative plural)
rikkahilëk (allative plural)
rik'assa (essive singular)
rikkahina (essive plural)
rikkahëksi (singular translative)
rikkahiksi (plural translative)
rikkahën (instructive singular)
rikkahin (instructive plural)
rik'assëk (comitative singular)
rikkahinëk (comitative plural)
rikkahëtta (abessive singular)
rikkahitta (abessive plural)

Estonian: rikas

Finnish: rikas

Ingrian: rikas

Karelian: rikas

Livonian: rikāz

Livvi: rikas

Võro: rikas

Votic: rikaz


mäntü

mäntü (nominative singular)
mändüt (nominative plural)
mändün (accusative singular)
mändüt (accusative plural)
mändün (genitive singular)
mäntüden (genitive plural)
mäntüiden (genitive plural)
mäntüdä (partitive singular)
mäntüidä (partitive plural)
mändüssä (inessive singular)
mändühnä (inessive singular)
mändüissä (inessive plural)
mändüihnä (inessive plural)
mändüstä (elative singular)
mändüistä (elative plural)
mäntühen (illative singular)
mäntüihen (illative plural)
mändüllä (adessive singular)
mändüillä (adessive plural)
mändültä (ablative singular)
mändüiltä (ablative plural)
mäntülen (allative singular)
mäntülek (allative singular)
mäntüilen (allative plural)
mäntüilek (allative plural)
mäntünä (essive singular)
mäntüinä (essive plural)
mändüksi (singular translative)
mändüiksi (plural translative)
mändün (instructive singular)
mändüin (instructive plural)
mäntünek (comitative singular)
mäntüinek (comitative plural)
mändüttä (abessive singular)
mändüittä (abessive plural)

Estonian: mänd

Finnish: mänty

Ingrian: mänty

Karelian:

North Karelian: mänty

South Karelian: mändy

Livonian: mänd

Livvi: mändy

Ludian: mänd

Veps: mänd

Votic: mäntü

From *mäntä (“mixing utensil made of the top of a young pine”) + *-ü.


petägä

petägä (nominative singular)
petägät (nominative plural)
petägän (accusative singular)
petägät (accusative plural)
petägän (genitive singular)
petägäden (genitive plural)
petägeiden (genitive plural)
petägätä (partitive singular)
petägeitä (partitive plural)
petägässä (inessive singular)
petägähnä (inessive singular)
petägeissä (inessive plural)
petägeihnä (inessive plural)
petägästä (elative singular)
petägeistä (elative plural)
petägäsen (illative singular)
petägeisen (illative plural)
petägällä (adessive singular)
petägeillä (adessive plural)
petägältä (ablative singular)
petägeiltä (ablative plural)
petägälen (allative singular)
petägälek (allative singular)
petägeilen (allative plural)
petägeilek (allative plural)
petägänä (essive singular)
petägeinä (essive plural)
petägäksi (singular translative)
petägeiksi (plural translative)
petägän (instructive singular)
petägein (instructive plural)
petägänek (comitative singular)
petägeinek (comitative plural)
petägättä (abessive singular)
petägeittä (abessive plural)

Estonian: (dialectal) pedajas

Finnish: petäjä

Ingrian: petäjä, (Soikkola) pettääjä

Karelian: petäjä

Livonian:

Courland Livonian: piedāg

Vidzeme Livonian: pädag

Livvi: pedäi

Ludian: pedai

Veps: pede͔i

Võro: petäi

Votic: petäje

Proto-Uralic *pečä + *-gä. Akin to Proto-Samic *peacē.


kausta

kausta (nominative singular)
kaustat (nominative plural)
kaustan (accusative singular)
kaustat (accusative plural)
kaustan (genitive singular)
kaustadën (genitive plural)
kaustëidën (genitive plural)
kaustada (partitive singular)
kaustëida (partitive plural)
kaustassa (inessive singular)
kaustahna (inessive singular)
kaustëissa (inessive plural)
kaustëihna (inessive plural)
kaustasta (elative singular)
kaustëista (elative plural)
kaustahën (illative singular)
kaustëihën (illative plural)
kaustalla (adessive singular)
kaustëilla (adessive plural)
kaustalta (ablative singular)
kaustëilta (ablative plural)
kaustalën (allative singular)
kaustalëk (allative singular)
kaustëilën (allative plural)
kaustëilëk (allative plural)
kaustana (essive singular)
kaustëina (essive plural)
kaustaksi (singular translative)
kaustëiksi (plural translative)
kaustan (instructive singular)
kaustëin (instructive plural)
kaustanëk (comitative singular)
kaustëinëk (comitative plural)
kaustatta (abessive singular)
kaustëitta (abessive plural)

Estonian: kaust

Finnish: kausta

→ Northern Sami: gávstá

Ingrian: kausta

Karelian: kausta

Livonian: kōsta

Livvi: kaustu

Ludian: kaust

Veps: koustaz, kaustaz

Võro: kaust

Votic: kaussõ

Borrowed from Proto-Baltic *skaustas (whence Latvian skausts (“nape, withers”)).

upper beam of a sleigh that connects the tops of the supports between the skid and the bottom


kampsu

kampsu (nominative singular)
kampsut (nominative plural)
kampsun (accusative singular)
kampsut (accusative plural)
kampsun (genitive singular)
kampsudën (genitive plural)
kampsuidën (genitive plural)
kampsuda (partitive singular)
kampsuida (partitive plural)
kampsussa (inessive singular)
kampsuhna (inessive singular)
kampsuissa (inessive plural)
kampsuihna (inessive plural)
kampsusta (elative singular)
kampsuista (elative plural)
kampsuhën (illative singular)
kampsuihën (illative plural)
kampsulla (adessive singular)
kampsuilla (adessive plural)
kampsulta (ablative singular)
kampsuilta (ablative plural)
kampsulën (allative singular)
kampsulëk (allative singular)
kampsuilën (allative plural)
kampsuilëk (allative plural)
kampsuna (essive singular)
kampsuina (essive plural)
kampsuksi (singular translative)
kampsuiksi (plural translative)
kampsun (instructive singular)
kampsuin (instructive plural)
kampsunëk (comitative singular)
kampsuinëk (comitative plural)
kampsutta (abessive singular)
kampsuitta (abessive plural)

Estonian: kamps

Finnish: kampsu

→ Karelian:

South Karelian: kamssu

→ Livvi: kamsut pl

Ingrian: kampsu

Livonian: kams


mükrä

mükrä (nominative singular)
mükrät (nominative plural)
mükrän (accusative singular)
mükrät (accusative plural)
mükrän (genitive singular)
mükräden (genitive plural)
mükreiden (genitive plural)
mükrädä (partitive singular)
mükreidä (partitive plural)
mükrässä (inessive singular)
mükrähnä (inessive singular)
mükreissä (inessive plural)
mükreihnä (inessive plural)
mükrästä (elative singular)
mükreistä (elative plural)
mükrähen (illative singular)
mükreihen (illative plural)
mükrällä (adessive singular)
mükreillä (adessive plural)
mükrältä (ablative singular)
mükreiltä (ablative plural)
mükrälen (allative singular)
mükrälek (allative singular)
mükreilen (allative plural)
mükreilek (allative plural)
mükränä (essive singular)
mükreinä (essive plural)
mükräksi (singular translative)
mükreiksi (plural translative)
mükrän (instructive singular)
mükrein (instructive plural)
mükränek (comitative singular)
mükreinek (comitative plural)
mükrättä (abessive singular)
mükreittä (abessive plural)

Estonian: mügri, (dialectal) müger

Finnish: myyrä, (dialectal) mykrä

Ingrian: mygrä

Karelian:

North Karelian: mykrä

South Karelian: (dialectal) mygrä

Livonian: mi’griki

Livvi: mygry

Ludian: mügr

Võro: mükr

Votic: mügre


raici

raici (nominative singular)
raidët (nominative plural)
raidën (accusative singular)
raidët (accusative plural)
raidën (genitive singular)
rait'ën (genitive plural)
raicidën (genitive plural)
raitta (partitive singular)
raicida (partitive plural)
raidëssa (inessive singular)
raidëhna (inessive singular)
raicissa (inessive plural)
raicihna (inessive plural)
raidësta (elative singular)
raicista (elative plural)
raitëhën (illative singular)
raicihën (illative plural)
raidëlla (adessive singular)
raicilla (adessive plural)
raidëlta (ablative singular)
raicilta (ablative plural)
raitëlën (allative singular)
raitëlëk (allative singular)
raicilën (allative plural)
raicilëk (allative plural)
rainna (essive singular)
raicina (essive plural)
raidëksi (singular translative)
raiciksi (plural translative)
raidën (instructive singular)
raicin (instructive plural)
rainnëk (comitative singular)
raicinëk (comitative plural)
raidëtta (abessive singular)
raicitta (abessive plural)

Estonian: reis

Finnish: reisi

Ingrian: reis

Karelian:

North Karelian: reisi

South Karelian: reizi

Livvi: reiži

Ludian: reiž

Veps: reiž

Võro: rais

Votic: reisi

From earlier *rajti, borrowed from Proto-Baltic [Term?] (whence Lithuanian rietas (“thigh”)). Akin to Proto-Samic *ruojtë.


nakla

nakla (nominative singular)
naklat (nominative plural)
naklan (accusative singular)
naklat (accusative plural)
naklan (genitive singular)
nakladën (genitive plural)
nakloidën (genitive plural)
naklada (partitive singular)
nakloida (partitive plural)
naklassa (inessive singular)
naklahna (inessive singular)
nakloissa (inessive plural)
nakloihna (inessive plural)
naklasta (elative singular)
nakloista (elative plural)
naklahën (illative singular)
nakloihën (illative plural)
naklalla (adessive singular)
nakloilla (adessive plural)
naklalta (ablative singular)
nakloilta (ablative plural)
naklalën (allative singular)
naklalëk (allative singular)
nakloilën (allative plural)
nakloilëk (allative plural)
naklana (essive singular)
nakloina (essive plural)
naklaksi (singular translative)
nakloiksi (plural translative)
naklan (instructive singular)
nakloin (instructive plural)
naklanëk (comitative singular)
nakloinëk (comitative plural)
naklatta (abessive singular)
nakloitta (abessive plural)

Estonian: nael

Finnish: naula

Ingrian: naagla

Karelian:

North Karelian: nuakla

South Karelian: nuagla

Livonian: na’ggõl

Livvi: nuaglu

Ludian: nagl

Veps: nagl

Võro: nagõl, nagyl', nakl

Votic: naglõ


tühjä

tühjä (nominative singular)
tühjät (nominative plural)
tühjän (accusative singular)
tühjät (accusative plural)
tühjän (genitive singular)
tühjäden (genitive plural)
tühjeiden (genitive plural)
tühjädä (partitive singular)
tühjeidä (partitive plural)
tühjässä (inessive singular)
tühjähnä (inessive singular)
tühjeissä (inessive plural)
tühjeihnä (inessive plural)
tühjästä (elative singular)
tühjeistä (elative plural)
tühjähen (illative singular)
tühjeihen (illative plural)
tühjällä (adessive singular)
tühjeillä (adessive plural)
tühjältä (ablative singular)
tühjeiltä (ablative plural)
tühjälen (allative singular)
tühjälek (allative singular)
tühjeilen (allative plural)
tühjeilek (allative plural)
tühjänä (essive singular)
tühjeinä (essive plural)
tühjäksi (singular translative)
tühjeiksi (plural translative)
tühjän (instructive singular)
tühjein (instructive plural)
tühjänek (comitative singular)
tühjeinek (comitative plural)
tühjättä (abessive singular)
tühjeittä (abessive plural)

Estonian: tühi

Finnish: tyhjä

Ingrian: tyhjä

Karelian:

North Karelian: tyhjä

South Karelian: tyhjä

Livonian: (Courland) tijā, (Salaca) tüä

Livvi: tyhjy

Ludian: tühd'

Veps: tühj

Võro: tühi

Votic: tühje

→ Proto-Samic: *tuššē (see there for further descendants)

From earlier *tüšjä, borrowed from Proto-Balto-Slavic *tuskjas (whence Latvian tukšs, Lithuanian tuščias).


vakto

vakto (nominative singular)
vaktot (nominative plural)
vakton (accusative singular)
vaktot (accusative plural)
vakton (genitive singular)
vaktodën (genitive plural)
vaktoidën (genitive plural)
vaktoda (partitive singular)
vaktoida (partitive plural)
vaktossa (inessive singular)
vaktohna (inessive singular)
vaktoissa (inessive plural)
vaktoihna (inessive plural)
vaktosta (elative singular)
vaktoista (elative plural)
vaktohën (illative singular)
vaktoihën (illative plural)
vaktolla (adessive singular)
vaktoilla (adessive plural)
vaktolta (ablative singular)
vaktoilta (ablative plural)
vaktolën (allative singular)
vaktolëk (allative singular)
vaktoilën (allative plural)
vaktoilëk (allative plural)
vaktona (essive singular)
vaktoina (essive plural)
vaktoksi (singular translative)
vaktoiksi (plural translative)
vakton (instructive singular)
vaktoin (instructive plural)
vaktonëk (comitative singular)
vaktoinëk (comitative plural)
vaktotta (abessive singular)
vaktoitta (abessive plural)

Estonian: vaht

Finnish: vaahto, (dialectal) vahto

Ingrian: vaahto

Karelian: vuahti

Livonian: vǭ

Livvi: vuahti

Ludian: vuahte

Veps: vaht

Võro: vatt

Votic: vaahto


külki

Estonian: külg

Finnish: kylki

Ingrian: kylki

Karelian: kylki, kylgi

Livonian: kiļg

Livvi: kylgi

Ludian: kül'g

Veps: kül'g

Võro: külg'

Votic: tšültši

→ Northern Sami: gilga

Unknown. Possibly a Baltic or Balto-Slavic borrowing (compare Bulgarian кълка (kǎlka, “thigh”), Serbo-Croatian kuk (“hip”), and Proto-Slavic *kъlkъ). Alternatively possibly from Proto-Uralic *külke, if cognate with Proto-Samoyedic *kəj.


raika

raika (nominative singular)
raigat (nominative plural)
raigan (accusative singular)
raigat (accusative plural)
raigan (genitive singular)
raikadën (genitive plural)
raikoidën (genitive plural)
raikada (partitive singular)
raikoida (partitive plural)
raigassa (inessive singular)
raigahna (inessive singular)
raigoissa (inessive plural)
raigoihna (inessive plural)
raigasta (elative singular)
raigoista (elative plural)
raikahën (illative singular)
raikoihën (illative plural)
raigalla (adessive singular)
raigoilla (adessive plural)
raigalta (ablative singular)
raigoilta (ablative plural)
raikalën (allative singular)
raikalëk (allative singular)
raikoilën (allative plural)
raikoilëk (allative plural)
raikana (essive singular)
raikoina (essive plural)
raigaksi (singular translative)
raigoiksi (plural translative)
raigan (instructive singular)
raigoin (instructive plural)
raikanëk (comitative singular)
raikoinëk (comitative plural)
raigatta (abessive singular)
raigoitta (abessive plural)

Estonian: (dialectal) reig

Finnish: reikä

Ingrian: reikä

Karelian:

North Karelian: reikä

South Karelian: reigä

Ludian: reig

Veps: reig

Võro: raig

→ Estonian: raig

>? Votic: (rare, obsolete) reikä

→? Proto-Samic: *rājkē (see there for further descendants)

From earlier *rajka, borrowed from Proto-Baltic [Term?] (whence Lithuanian riẽkti (“to cut”).


muikëda

Finnish: muikea

Karelian:

North Karelian: muikie

South Karelian: muigie

Livvi: muigei

Veps: muiged

Probably from the same root *muja- (with the suffix *-këda) as *muistadak (“to remember, understand”); compare Karelian mujoa (“to taste”), Veps mujada (“to feel, taste, try”), or related to Northern Sami modji (“smile”).


heühen

heühen (nominative singular)
heühenet (nominative plural)
heühenen (accusative singular)
heühenet (accusative plural)
heühenen (genitive singular)
heühenden (genitive plural)
heüheniden (genitive plural)
heühentä (partitive singular)
heühenitä (partitive plural)
heühenessä (inessive singular)
heühenehnä (inessive singular)
heühenissä (inessive plural)
heühenihnä (inessive plural)
heühenestä (elative singular)
heühenistä (elative plural)
heühenesen (illative singular)
heühenisen (illative plural)
heühenellä (adessive singular)
heühenillä (adessive plural)
heüheneltä (ablative singular)
heüheniltä (ablative plural)
heühenelen (allative singular)
heühenelek (allative singular)
heühenilen (allative plural)
heühenilek (allative plural)
heühennä (essive singular)
heüheninä (essive plural)
heüheneksi (singular translative)
heüheniksi (plural translative)
heühenen (instructive singular)
heühenin (instructive plural)
heühennek (comitative singular)
heüheninek (comitative plural)
heühenettä (abessive singular)
heühenittä (abessive plural)

? Estonian: ehmes

Finnish: höyhen

Ingrian: höühen

Karelian: heyhen, höyhen

Livvi: höyhen

Ludian: höuhen, heuhen

Veps: höuneh, hüuneh, heunez

Votic: (Kõrvõttula) eve

Unknown. Cognate with Proto-Samic *sëvsëm (“hair”).


palmikkoi

palmikkoi (nominative singular)
palmik'oit (nominative plural)
palmik'oin (accusative singular)
palmik'oit (accusative plural)
palmik'oin (genitive singular)
palmikkoidën (genitive plural)
palmikkoita (partitive singular)
palmikkoita (partitive plural)
palmik'oissa (inessive singular)
palmik'oihna (inessive singular)
palmik'oissa (inessive plural)
palmik'oihna (inessive plural)
palmik'oista (elative singular)
palmik'oista (elative plural)
palmikkoisën (illative singular)
palmikkoisën (illative plural)
palmik'oilla (adessive singular)
palmik'oilla (adessive plural)
palmik'oilta (ablative singular)
palmik'oilta (ablative plural)
palmikkoilën (allative singular)
palmikkoilëk (allative singular)
palmikkoilën (allative plural)
palmikkoilëk (allative plural)
palmikkoina (essive singular)
palmikkoina (essive plural)
palmik'oiksi (singular translative)
palmik'oiksi (plural translative)
palmik'oin (instructive singular)
palmik'oin (instructive plural)
palmikkoinëk (comitative singular)
palmikkoinëk (comitative plural)
palmik'oitta (abessive singular)
palmik'oitta (abessive plural)

Estonian: palmik

Finnish: palmikko

Ingrian: palmikko

Karelian:

North Karelian: palmikko

South Karelian: palmikko

>? Livonian: paļškõz

Livvi: palmikko

Ludian: palmik

Veps: palmik

Võro: palmik

From *palmi-, from earlier *polma (whence also Proto-Samic *poalmē (“plait”)) + *-kkoi.


pihlaga

pihlaga (nominative singular)
pihlagat (nominative plural)
pihlagan (accusative singular)
pihlagat (accusative plural)
pihlagan (genitive singular)
pihlagadën (genitive plural)
pihlagoidën (genitive plural)
pihlagata (partitive singular)
pihlagoita (partitive plural)
pihlagassa (inessive singular)
pihlagahna (inessive singular)
pihlagoissa (inessive plural)
pihlagoihna (inessive plural)
pihlagasta (elative singular)
pihlagoista (elative plural)
pihlagasën (illative singular)
pihlagoisën (illative plural)
pihlagalla (adessive singular)
pihlagoilla (adessive plural)
pihlagalta (ablative singular)
pihlagoilta (ablative plural)
pihlagalën (allative singular)
pihlagalëk (allative singular)
pihlagoilën (allative plural)
pihlagoilëk (allative plural)
pihlagana (essive singular)
pihlagoina (essive plural)
pihlagaksi (singular translative)
pihlagoiksi (plural translative)
pihlagan (instructive singular)
pihlagoin (instructive plural)
pihlaganëk (comitative singular)
pihlagoinëk (comitative plural)
pihlagatta (abessive singular)
pihlagoitta (abessive plural)

Estonian: pihlakas

Finnish: pihlaja, (dialectal) pihlava

Ingrian: pihlaja, pihloja

Karelian: pihlaja, pihloja, pihjava

Livonian:

Courland Livonian: pī’lgõz

Vidzeme Livonian: pīlag

→ Latvian: pīlādzis

→ Latgalian: peiluodzs

Livvi: pihlai

Votic: pihlaga (Kattila, Mati)

Ludian: pihlʹ

Veps: pihl'


küpärä

küpärä (nominative singular)
küpärät (nominative plural)
küpärän (accusative singular)
küpärät (accusative plural)
küpärän (genitive singular)
küpäräden (genitive plural)
küpäreiden (genitive plural)
küpärätä (partitive singular)
küpäreitä (partitive plural)
küpärässä (inessive singular)
küpärähnä (inessive singular)
küpäreissä (inessive plural)
küpäreihnä (inessive plural)
küpärästä (elative singular)
küpäreistä (elative plural)
küpäräsen (illative singular)
küpäreisen (illative plural)
küpärällä (adessive singular)
küpäreillä (adessive plural)
küpärältä (ablative singular)
küpäreiltä (ablative plural)
küpärälen (allative singular)
küpärälek (allative singular)
küpäreilen (allative plural)
küpäreilek (allative plural)
küpäränä (essive singular)
küpäreinä (essive plural)
küpäräksi (singular translative)
küpäreiksi (plural translative)
küpärän (instructive singular)
küpärein (instructive plural)
küpäränek (comitative singular)
küpäreinek (comitative plural)
küpärättä (abessive singular)
küpäreittä (abessive plural)

Estonian: kübar

Finnish: kypärä, (dialectal) kyvär

Ingrian: kypärä

Livonian: kibār

Võro: küpär'

Votic: (Rudja) tšüpärä

→? Russian: кивер (kiver)

→ Estonian: kiiver

→ Latvian: ķivere

Borrowed from Proto-Baltic [Term?] (whence Lithuanian kepùrė (“hat”), Latvian cȩpure (“hat”)). Cognate with Proto-Samic *këpērē.


vëlka

vëlka (nominative singular)
vëlgat (nominative plural)
vëlgan (accusative singular)
vëlgat (accusative plural)
vëlgan (genitive singular)
vëlkadën (genitive plural)
vëlkoidën (genitive plural)
vëlkada (partitive singular)
vëlkoida (partitive plural)
vëlgassa (inessive singular)
vëlgahna (inessive singular)
vëlgoissa (inessive plural)
vëlgoihna (inessive plural)
vëlgasta (elative singular)
vëlgoista (elative plural)
vëlkahën (illative singular)
vëlkoihën (illative plural)
vëlgalla (adessive singular)
vëlgoilla (adessive plural)
vëlgalta (ablative singular)
vëlgoilta (ablative plural)
vëlkalën (allative singular)
vëlkalëk (allative singular)
vëlkoilën (allative plural)
vëlkoilëk (allative plural)
vëlkana (essive singular)
vëlkoina (essive plural)
vëlgaksi (singular translative)
vëlgoiksi (plural translative)
vëlgan (instructive singular)
vëlgoin (instructive plural)
vëlkanëk (comitative singular)
vëlkoinëk (comitative plural)
vëlgatta (abessive singular)
vëlgoitta (abessive plural)

Estonian: võlg

Finnish: velka

Ingrian: velka

Karelian:

North Karelian: velka

South Karelian: velga

Livonian: vȭlga

Livvi: velgu

Ludian: velg

Veps: velg

Võro: võlg

Votic: võlkõ

→ Proto-Samic: *vealkē (see there for further descendants)


kërta

kërta (nominative singular)
kërdat (nominative plural)
kërdan (accusative singular)
kërdat (accusative plural)
kërdan (genitive singular)
kërtadën (genitive plural)
kërtoidën (genitive plural)
kërtada (partitive singular)
kërtoida (partitive plural)
kërdassa (inessive singular)
kërdahna (inessive singular)
kërdoissa (inessive plural)
kërdoihna (inessive plural)
kërdasta (elative singular)
kërdoista (elative plural)
kërtahën (illative singular)
kërtoihën (illative plural)
kërdalla (adessive singular)
kërdoilla (adessive plural)
kërdalta (ablative singular)
kërdoilta (ablative plural)
kërtalën (allative singular)
kërtalëk (allative singular)
kërtoilën (allative plural)
kërtoilëk (allative plural)
kërtana (essive singular)
kërtoina (essive plural)
kërdaksi (singular translative)
kërdoiksi (plural translative)
kërdan (instructive singular)
kërdoin (instructive plural)
kërtanëk (comitative singular)
kërtoinëk (comitative plural)
kërdatta (abessive singular)
kërdoitta (abessive plural)

Estonian: kord

Finnish: kerta

Ingrian: kerta

Karelian:

North Karelian: kerta

South Karelian: kerda

Livonian: kȭrda

Livvi: kerdu

Ludian: kier

Veps: kerd

Võro: kõrd

Votic: kõrtõ

Borrowed from Proto-Baltic *kerdā (whence Lithuanian *kerda > kerdžius (“herdsman (in turn)”), Old Prussian kērdā).


pënsas

pënsas (nominative singular)
pënsahët (nominative plural)
pënsahën (accusative singular)
pënsahët (accusative plural)
pënsahën (genitive singular)
pënsastën (genitive plural)
pënsahidën (genitive plural)
pënsasta (partitive singular)
pënsahita (partitive plural)
pënsahëssa (inessive singular)
pënsahëhna (inessive singular)
pënsahissa (inessive plural)
pënsahihna (inessive plural)
pënsahësta (elative singular)
pënsahista (elative plural)
pënsahësën (illative singular)
pënsahisën (illative plural)
pënsahëlla (adessive singular)
pënsahilla (adessive plural)
pënsahëlta (ablative singular)
pënsahilta (ablative plural)
pënsahëlën (allative singular)
pënsahëlëk (allative singular)
pënsahilën (allative plural)
pënsahilëk (allative plural)
pënsassa (essive singular)
pënsahina (essive plural)
pënsahëksi (singular translative)
pënsahiksi (plural translative)
pënsahën (instructive singular)
pënsahin (instructive plural)
pënsassëk (comitative singular)
pënsahinëk (comitative plural)
pënsahëtta (abessive singular)
pënsahitta (abessive plural)

Estonian: põõsas

Finnish: pensas

Karelian: pensas

Livonian: pȭzõ, pȭzõz

Veps: penzaz

desc

Votic: (Mati, Kõrvõttula, Pontizõõ) põõzõz

→ Ingrian: peesas

Probably from earlier *pënsa. Cognate with Proto-Samic *peassē. Possibly a borrowing from Proto-Baltic *benźas (compare Latvian biezs (“thick, dense”)).


mëla

mëla (nominative singular)
mëlat (nominative plural)
mëlan (accusative singular)
mëlat (accusative plural)
mëlan (genitive singular)
mëladën (genitive plural)
mëloidën (genitive plural)
mëlada (partitive singular)
mëloida (partitive plural)
mëlassa (inessive singular)
mëlahna (inessive singular)
mëloissa (inessive plural)
mëloihna (inessive plural)
mëlasta (elative singular)
mëloista (elative plural)
mëlahën (illative singular)
mëloihën (illative plural)
mëlalla (adessive singular)
mëloilla (adessive plural)
mëlalta (ablative singular)
mëloilta (ablative plural)
mëlalën (allative singular)
mëlalëk (allative singular)
mëloilën (allative plural)
mëloilëk (allative plural)
mëlana (essive singular)
mëloina (essive plural)
mëlaksi (singular translative)
mëloiksi (plural translative)
mëlan (instructive singular)
mëloin (instructive plural)
mëlanëk (comitative singular)
mëloinëk (comitative plural)
mëlatta (abessive singular)
mëloitta (abessive plural)

Estonian: mõla

Finnish: mela

Karelian:

North Karelian: mela

South Karelian: mela

Livonian: mõlā

Livvi: mela

Ludian: mela

Veps: mela

Võro: mõla

Votic: mõla

From Proto-Finno-Permic *melä, with secondary backing.


kulha

kulha (nominative singular)
kulhat (nominative plural)
kulhan (accusative singular)
kulhat (accusative plural)
kulhan (genitive singular)
kulhadën (genitive plural)
kulhëidën (genitive plural)
kulhada (partitive singular)
kulhëida (partitive plural)
kulhassa (inessive singular)
kulhahna (inessive singular)
kulhëissa (inessive plural)
kulhëihna (inessive plural)
kulhasta (elative singular)
kulhëista (elative plural)
kulhahën (illative singular)
kulhëihën (illative plural)
kulhalla (adessive singular)
kulhëilla (adessive plural)
kulhalta (ablative singular)
kulhëilta (ablative plural)
kulhalën (allative singular)
kulhalëk (allative singular)
kulhëilën (allative plural)
kulhëilëk (allative plural)
kulhana (essive singular)
kulhëina (essive plural)
kulhaksi (singular translative)
kulhëiksi (plural translative)
kulhan (instructive singular)
kulhëin (instructive plural)
kulhanëk (comitative singular)
kulhëinëk (comitative plural)
kulhatta (abessive singular)
kulhëitta (abessive plural)

Estonian: kula

Finnish: (dialectal) kulha

Finnish: kulho


valëh

valëh (nominative singular)
valëhët (nominative plural)
valëhën (accusative singular)
valëhët (accusative plural)
valëhën (genitive singular)
valëhtën (genitive plural)
valëhidën (genitive plural)
valëhta (partitive singular)
valëhita (partitive plural)
valëhëssa (inessive singular)
valëhëhna (inessive singular)
valëhissa (inessive plural)
valëhihna (inessive plural)
valëhësta (elative singular)
valëhista (elative plural)
valëhësën (illative singular)
valëhisën (illative plural)
valëhëlla (adessive singular)
valëhilla (adessive plural)
valëhëlta (ablative singular)
valëhilta (ablative plural)
valëhëlën (allative singular)
valëhëlëk (allative singular)
valëhilën (allative plural)
valëhilëk (allative plural)
valëhëna (essive singular)
valëhina (essive plural)
valëhëksi (singular translative)
valëhiksi (plural translative)
valëhën (instructive singular)
valëhin (instructive plural)
valëhënëk (comitative singular)
valëhinëk (comitative plural)
valëhëtta (abessive singular)
valëhitta (abessive plural)

Estonian: vale

Finnish: valhe, vale

Ingrian: vale

Karelian:

North Karelian: valeh

South Karelian: valeh

Livvi: valeh

Ludian: valeh

Votic: valõ

Probably from *vala + *-ëh. Alternatively, and less likely, derived from *valadak with the same suffix.


mërta

mërta (nominative singular)
mërdat (nominative plural)
mërdan (accusative singular)
mërdat (accusative plural)
mërdan (genitive singular)
mërtadën (genitive plural)
mërtoidën (genitive plural)
mërtada (partitive singular)
mërtoida (partitive plural)
mërdassa (inessive singular)
mërdahna (inessive singular)
mërdoissa (inessive plural)
mërdoihna (inessive plural)
mërdasta (elative singular)
mërdoista (elative plural)
mërtahën (illative singular)
mërtoihën (illative plural)
mërdalla (adessive singular)
mërdoilla (adessive plural)
mërdalta (ablative singular)
mërdoilta (ablative plural)
mërtalën (allative singular)
mërtalëk (allative singular)
mërtoilën (allative plural)
mërtoilëk (allative plural)
mërtana (essive singular)
mërtoina (essive plural)
mërdaksi (singular translative)
mërdoiksi (plural translative)
mërdan (instructive singular)
mërdoin (instructive plural)
mërtanëk (comitative singular)
mërtoinëk (comitative plural)
mërdatta (abessive singular)
mërdoitta (abessive plural)

Estonian: mõrd

Finnish: merta

→ Northern Sami: meardi

Ingrian: merta

Karelian:

North Karelian: merta

South Karelian: merda

Livonian: mȭrda

→ Latvian: murds

Livvi: merdu

Ludian: merd

Veps: merd

Võro: mõrd

Votic: mõrtõ

Borrowed from Proto-Germanic [Term?], whence Old Norse merðr and Swedish mjärde.


külvädäk

külvä- (stem)
külvän (first-person present singular)
külvein (first-person past singular)
külvägon (first-person optative singular)
külvät (present second-person singular)
külveit (past second-person singular)
külväk (imperative second-person singular)
külvägos (optative second-person singular)
külväbi (present singular third-person)
külvä (present singular third-person)
külvei (past singular third-person)
külvägäsen (imperative singular third-person)
külvägosen (optative singular third-person)
külväkmek (first-person plural present)
külväkmäk (first-person plural present)
külveimek (first-person past plural)
külveimäk (first-person past plural)
külvägätemek (first-person imperative plural)
külvägätämäk (first-person imperative plural)
külvägotemek (first-person optative plural)
külvägotämäk (first-person optative plural)
külväktek (plural present second-person)
külväktäk (plural present second-person)
külveidek (past plural second-person)
külveidäk (past plural second-person)
külvägäte (imperative plural second-person)
külvägätä (imperative plural second-person)
külvägot'ek (optative plural second-person)
külvägotädäk (optative plural second-person)
külväbät (plural present third-person)
külvä (plural present third-person)
külvei (past plural third-person)
külvägäsen (imperative plural third-person)
külvägosen (optative plural third-person)
külväksen (passive present)
külvät'äksen (passive present)
külvädisen (passive past)
külvättisen (passive past)
külvädäkähen (imperative passive)
külvättäkähen (imperative passive)
külvädäkohen (optative passive)
külvättäkohen (optative passive)
külväk (connegative present)
külvägäk (connegative imperative)
külvägok (connegative optative)
külväktäk (connegative passive present)
külvädägäk (connegative imperative passive)
külvättägäk (connegative imperative passive)
külvädägok (connegative optative passive)
külvättägok (connegative optative passive)
külväkcin (conditional conditional-i first-person singular)
külveicin (conditional conditional-ii first-person singular)
külvänen (first-person potential singular)
külväkcit (conditional conditional-i second-person singular)
külveicit (conditional conditional-ii second-person singular)
külvänet (potential second-person singular)
külväkci (conditional conditional-i singular third-person)
külveici (conditional conditional-ii singular third-person)
külväni (potential singular third-person)
külväkcimek (conditional conditional-i first-person plural)
külväkcimäk (conditional conditional-i first-person plural)
külveicimek (conditional conditional-ii first-person plural)
külveicimäk (conditional conditional-ii first-person plural)
külvänemek (first-person plural potential)
külvänemäk (first-person plural potential)
külväkcidek (conditional conditional-i plural second-person)
külväkcidäk (conditional conditional-i plural second-person)
külveicidek (conditional conditional-ii plural second-person)
külveicidäk (conditional conditional-ii plural second-person)
külvänedek (plural potential second-person)
külvänedäk (plural potential second-person)
külväkci (conditional conditional-i plural third-person)
külveici (conditional conditional-ii plural third-person)
külväni (plural potential third-person)
külvädäkcihen (conditional conditional-i passive)
külvät'äkcihen (conditional conditional-i passive)
külvädicihen (conditional conditional-ii passive)
külvätticihen (conditional conditional-ii passive)
külvädänehen (passive potential)
külvättänehen (passive potential)
külväkcik (conditional conditional-i connegative)
külveicik (conditional conditional-ii connegative)
külvänek (connegative potential)
külvädäkcik (conditional conditional-i connegative passive)
külvät'äkcik (conditional conditional-i connegative passive)
külvädicik (conditional conditional-ii connegative passive)
külvätticik (conditional conditional-ii connegative passive)
külvädänek (connegative passive potential)
külvättänek (connegative passive potential)
külvädäk (conditional conditional-i infinitive infinitive-i)
külväbä (active participle present)
külvädäpä (participle passive present)
külvättäpä (participle passive present)
külväde- (conditional conditional-i infinitive infinitive-ii)
külvänüt (active participle past)
külvädü (participle passive past)
külvättü (participle passive past)
külvämä (conditional conditional-i gerund supine)
külväminen (conditional conditional-i noun-from-verb)

Estonian: külvama/külvata

Finnish: kylvää

→ Northern Sami: gilvit

Ingrian: kylvää

Karelian:

North Karelian: kylvyä

South Karelian: kylviä

Livonian: killõ, (Salaca) kill

Livvi: kylviä

Ludian: külvädä

Võro: külbmä/külbäq

Votic: tšülvä


rëëska

rëëska (nominative singular)
rëëskat (nominative plural)
rëëskan (accusative singular)
rëëskat (accusative plural)
rëëskan (genitive singular)
rëëskadën (genitive plural)
rëëskoidën (genitive plural)
rëëskada (partitive singular)
rëëskoida (partitive plural)
rëëskassa (inessive singular)
rëëskahna (inessive singular)
rëëskoissa (inessive plural)
rëëskoihna (inessive plural)
rëëskasta (elative singular)
rëëskoista (elative plural)
rëëskahën (illative singular)
rëëskoihën (illative plural)
rëëskalla (adessive singular)
rëëskoilla (adessive plural)
rëëskalta (ablative singular)
rëëskoilta (ablative plural)
rëëskalën (allative singular)
rëëskalëk (allative singular)
rëëskoilën (allative plural)
rëëskoilëk (allative plural)
rëëskana (essive singular)
rëëskoina (essive plural)
rëëskaksi (singular translative)
rëëskoiksi (plural translative)
rëëskan (instructive singular)
rëëskoin (instructive plural)
rëëskanëk (comitative singular)
rëëskoinëk (comitative plural)
rëëskatta (abessive singular)
rëëskoitta (abessive plural)

Estonian: rõõsk

Finnish: rieska

Ingrian: reeska

Karelian:

North Karelian: rieška

South Karelian: rieška

Livonian: rȭskõ

Livvi: riesku

Ludian: riesk

Veps: resk

Võro: ryysk

Votic: rõõskõ

Borrowed from Proto-Baltic [Term?], from Proto-Balto-Slavic *prḗˀskas, from Proto-Indo-European *preyskos (“fresh”).


rëuna

rëuna (nominative singular)
rëunat (nominative plural)
rëunan (accusative singular)
rëunat (accusative plural)
rëunan (genitive singular)
rëunadën (genitive plural)
rëunëidën (genitive plural)
rëunada (partitive singular)
rëunëida (partitive plural)
rëunassa (inessive singular)
rëunahna (inessive singular)
rëunëissa (inessive plural)
rëunëihna (inessive plural)
rëunasta (elative singular)
rëunëista (elative plural)
rëunahën (illative singular)
rëunëihën (illative plural)
rëunalla (adessive singular)
rëunëilla (adessive plural)
rëunalta (ablative singular)
rëunëilta (ablative plural)
rëunalën (allative singular)
rëunalëk (allative singular)
rëunëilën (allative plural)
rëunëilëk (allative plural)
rëunana (essive singular)
rëunëina (essive plural)
rëunaksi (singular translative)
rëunëiksi (plural translative)
rëunan (instructive singular)
rëunëin (instructive plural)
rëunanëk (comitative singular)
rëunëinëk (comitative plural)
rëunatta (abessive singular)
rëunëitta (abessive plural)

Estonian: (dialectal) rõun

Finnish: reuna

→ Inari Sami: revni

Ingrian: reuna

Karelian:

North Karelian: reuna

South Karelian: reuna

Livvi: reunu

Ludian: reun

Veps: röun

Borrowed from Proto-Baltic [Term?] (whence Lithuanian briauna).


louna

louna (nominative singular)
lounat (nominative plural)
lounan (accusative singular)
lounat (accusative plural)
lounan (genitive singular)
lounadën (genitive plural)
lounëidën (genitive plural)
lounada (partitive singular)
lounëida (partitive plural)
lounassa (inessive singular)
lounahna (inessive singular)
lounëissa (inessive plural)
lounëihna (inessive plural)
lounasta (elative singular)
lounëista (elative plural)
lounahën (illative singular)
lounëihën (illative plural)
lounalla (adessive singular)
lounëilla (adessive plural)
lounalta (ablative singular)
lounëilta (ablative plural)
lounalën (allative singular)
lounalëk (allative singular)
lounëilën (allative plural)
lounëilëk (allative plural)
lounana (essive singular)
lounëina (essive plural)
lounaksi (singular translative)
lounëiksi (plural translative)
lounan (instructive singular)
lounëin (instructive plural)
lounanëk (comitative singular)
lounëinëk (comitative plural)
lounatta (abessive singular)
lounëitta (abessive plural)

Estonian: lõuna

Finnish: lounas, (dialectal, obsolete) louna

Ingrian: lounat

Karelian:

North Karelian: lounat

South Karelian: lounat, louna

Livonian: lȭnag

Livvi: lounad, lounai

Ludian: lounaine

Veps: louna

Võro: lõunaq

Votic: lõunõd, (Itšäpäivä, Kõrvõttula) lõunaz

→ Latvian: launags

→ Lithuanian: launagas

From Proto-Finno-Permic *lowna, whence also Komi-Permyak лун (lun).


rooka

rooka (nominative singular)
roogat (nominative plural)
roogan (accusative singular)
roogat (accusative plural)
roogan (genitive singular)
rookadën (genitive plural)
rookëidën (genitive plural)
rookada (partitive singular)
rookëida (partitive plural)
roogassa (inessive singular)
roogahna (inessive singular)
roogëissa (inessive plural)
roogëihna (inessive plural)
roogasta (elative singular)
roogëista (elative plural)
rookahën (illative singular)
rookëihën (illative plural)
roogalla (adessive singular)
roogëilla (adessive plural)
roogalta (ablative singular)
roogëilta (ablative plural)
rookalën (allative singular)
rookalëk (allative singular)
rookëilën (allative plural)
rookëilëk (allative plural)
rookana (essive singular)
rookëina (essive plural)
roogaksi (singular translative)
roogëiksi (plural translative)
roogan (instructive singular)
roogëin (instructive plural)
rookanëk (comitative singular)
rookëinëk (comitative plural)
roogatta (abessive singular)
roogëitta (abessive plural)

Estonian: roog

Finnish: ruoka

Ingrian: rooka

Karelian:

North Karelian: ruoka

South Karelian: ruoga

Livvi: ruogu

Ludian: ruog

Võro: ruug

Votic: rookõ

Borrowed from pre-Proto-Germanic *rōkā (“care, attention”), whence Middle High German ruoche. Doublet of *rookko.


veelä

Estonian: veel

Finnish: vielä

Ingrian: veel, veelä

Karelian:

North Karelian: vielä

South Karelian: vielä

Livonian: ve’l

Livvi: vie

Ludian: vie

Veps: völ

Võro: viil

Votic: veel

Borrowed from Proto-Baltic [Term?] (whence Latvian vēl and Lithuanian vėl).


näko

näko (nominative singular)
nägot (nominative plural)
nägon (accusative singular)
nägot (accusative plural)
nägon (genitive singular)
näkodën (genitive plural)
näkoidën (genitive plural)
näkoda (partitive singular)
näkoida (partitive plural)
nägossa (inessive singular)
nägohna (inessive singular)
nägoissa (inessive plural)
nägoihna (inessive plural)
nägosta (elative singular)
nägoista (elative plural)
näkohën (illative singular)
näkoihën (illative plural)
nägolla (adessive singular)
nägoilla (adessive plural)
nägolta (ablative singular)
nägoilta (ablative plural)
näkolën (allative singular)
näkolëk (allative singular)
näkoilën (allative plural)
näkoilëk (allative plural)
näkona (essive singular)
näkoina (essive plural)
nägoksi (singular translative)
nägoiksi (plural translative)
nägon (instructive singular)
nägoin (instructive plural)
näkonëk (comitative singular)
näkoinëk (comitative plural)
nägotta (abessive singular)
nägoitta (abessive plural)

Estonian: nägu

Finnish: näkö

Ingrian: näkö

Karelian: näkö, nägö

Livonian: nä’g

Livvi: nägö

Ludian: nägö

Veps: nägo

Võro: nägo

Votic: näko


rooko

rooko (nominative singular)
roogot (nominative plural)
roogon (accusative singular)
roogot (accusative plural)
roogon (genitive singular)
rookodën (genitive plural)
rookoidën (genitive plural)
rookoda (partitive singular)
rookoida (partitive plural)
roogossa (inessive singular)
roogohna (inessive singular)
roogoissa (inessive plural)
roogoihna (inessive plural)
roogosta (elative singular)
roogoista (elative plural)
rookohën (illative singular)
rookoihën (illative plural)
roogolla (adessive singular)
roogoilla (adessive plural)
roogolta (ablative singular)
roogoilta (ablative plural)
rookolën (allative singular)
rookolëk (allative singular)
rookoilën (allative plural)
rookoilëk (allative plural)
rookona (essive singular)
rookoina (essive plural)
roogoksi (singular translative)
roogoiksi (plural translative)
roogon (instructive singular)
roogoin (instructive plural)
rookonëk (comitative singular)
rookoinëk (comitative plural)
roogotta (abessive singular)
roogoitta (abessive plural)

Estonian: roog

Finnish: ruoko

Ingrian: rooko, rooku

Karelian:

North Karelian: ruoko

South Karelian: ruogo

Livonian: rūogõz

Livvi: ruogo

Ludian: ruog

Veps: rogo

Võro: ruug

Votic: rooko

→? Proto-Samic: *ruokō (see there for further descendants)

Borrowed from Proto-Baltic *drōgas (whence Old Prussian drogis (“reed”)), or less likely from Germanic (compare Proto-West Germanic *brōk).


këltainën

këltainën (nominative singular)
këltaicët (nominative plural)
këltaicën (accusative singular)
këltaicët (accusative plural)
këltaicën (genitive singular)
këldaictën (genitive plural)
këltaicidën (genitive plural)
këldaicta (partitive singular)
këltaicita (partitive plural)
këltaicëssa (inessive singular)
këltaicëhna (inessive singular)
këltaicissa (inessive plural)
këltaicihna (inessive plural)
këltaicësta (elative singular)
këltaicista (elative plural)
këltaicësën (illative singular)
këltaicisën (illative plural)
këltaicëlla (adessive singular)
këltaicilla (adessive plural)
këltaicëlta (ablative singular)
këltaicilta (ablative plural)
këltaicëlën (allative singular)
këltaicëlëk (allative singular)
këltaicilën (allative plural)
këltaicilëk (allative plural)
këldainna (essive singular)
këltaicina (essive plural)
këltaicëksi (singular translative)
këltaiciksi (plural translative)
këltaicën (instructive singular)
këltaicin (instructive plural)
këldainnëk (comitative singular)
këltaicinëk (comitative plural)
këltaicëtta (abessive singular)
këltaicitta (abessive plural)

Estonian: kollane

Finnish: keltainen

Ingrian: keltain

Karelian:

North Karelian: keltani

South Karelian: keldane

Livvi: keldaine

Ludian: keldaine

Võro: kõllanõ

Votic: kõltain


harmaga

harmaga (nominative singular)
harmagat (nominative plural)
harmagan (accusative singular)
harmagat (accusative plural)
harmagan (genitive singular)
harmagadën (genitive plural)
harmagoidën (genitive plural)
harmagata (partitive singular)
harmagoita (partitive plural)
harmagassa (inessive singular)
harmagahna (inessive singular)
harmagoissa (inessive plural)
harmagoihna (inessive plural)
harmagasta (elative singular)
harmagoista (elative plural)
harmagasën (illative singular)
harmagoisën (illative plural)
harmagalla (adessive singular)
harmagoilla (adessive plural)
harmagalta (ablative singular)
harmagoilta (ablative plural)
harmagalën (allative singular)
harmagalëk (allative singular)
harmagoilën (allative plural)
harmagoilëk (allative plural)
harmagana (essive singular)
harmagoina (essive plural)
harmagaksi (singular translative)
harmagoiksi (plural translative)
harmagan (instructive singular)
harmagoin (instructive plural)
harmaganëk (comitative singular)
harmagoinëk (comitative plural)
harmagatta (abessive singular)
harmagoitta (abessive plural)

Estonian: (dialectal) arm

desc

Finnish: harmaa, (dialectal) harmaja, harmava

Kven: harmaja

Ingrian: harmaa

→ Votic: harma

Karelian:

North Karelian: harmua

South Karelian: harmua

Livvi: harmai

Ludian: harmag

From earlier *šarma > *harma + *-ga, a back vowel variant of *härmä, borrowed from Proto-Baltic [Term?] (whence Latvian serma, sarma and Lithuanian šarma).


homëh

homëh (nominative singular)
homëhët (nominative plural)
homëhën (accusative singular)
homëhët (accusative plural)
homëhën (genitive singular)
homëhtën (genitive plural)
homëhidën (genitive plural)
homëhta (partitive singular)
homëhita (partitive plural)
homëhëssa (inessive singular)
homëhëhna (inessive singular)
homëhissa (inessive plural)
homëhihna (inessive plural)
homëhësta (elative singular)
homëhista (elative plural)
homëhësën (illative singular)
homëhisën (illative plural)
homëhëlla (adessive singular)
homëhilla (adessive plural)
homëhëlta (ablative singular)
homëhilta (ablative plural)
homëhëlën (allative singular)
homëhëlëk (allative singular)
homëhilën (allative plural)
homëhilëk (allative plural)
homëhëna (essive singular)
homëhina (essive plural)
homëhëksi (singular translative)
homëhiksi (plural translative)
homëhën (instructive singular)
homëhin (instructive plural)
homëhënëk (comitative singular)
homëhinëk (comitative plural)
homëhëtta (abessive singular)
homëhitta (abessive plural)

Finnish: home

Ingrian: home

Karelian:

North Karelian: homeh

South Karelian: homeh

Livvi: homeh

Ludian: homeh

Veps: homeh

Votic: õmõ

From earlier *šomëš, borrowed from an Indo-European language, compare Proto-Germanic *swammaz.


rëëmu

rëëmu (nominative singular)
rëëmut (nominative plural)
rëëmun (accusative singular)
rëëmut (accusative plural)
rëëmun (genitive singular)
rëëmudën (genitive plural)
rëëmuidën (genitive plural)
rëëmuda (partitive singular)
rëëmuida (partitive plural)
rëëmussa (inessive singular)
rëëmuhna (inessive singular)
rëëmuissa (inessive plural)
rëëmuihna (inessive plural)
rëëmusta (elative singular)
rëëmuista (elative plural)
rëëmuhën (illative singular)
rëëmuihën (illative plural)
rëëmulla (adessive singular)
rëëmuilla (adessive plural)
rëëmulta (ablative singular)
rëëmuilta (ablative plural)
rëëmulën (allative singular)
rëëmulëk (allative singular)
rëëmuilën (allative plural)
rëëmuilëk (allative plural)
rëëmuna (essive singular)
rëëmuina (essive plural)
rëëmuksi (singular translative)
rëëmuiksi (plural translative)
rëëmun (instructive singular)
rëëmuin (instructive plural)
rëëmunëk (comitative singular)
rëëmuinëk (comitative plural)
rëëmutta (abessive singular)
rëëmuitta (abessive plural)

Estonian: rõõm

Finnish: riemu

Karelian: riemu

Livonian: rȭm

Võro: ryym


kooppa

kooppa (nominative singular)
koop'at (nominative plural)
koop'an (accusative singular)
koop'at (accusative plural)
koop'an (genitive singular)
kooppadën (genitive plural)
kooppëidën (genitive plural)
kooppada (partitive singular)
kooppëida (partitive plural)
koop'assa (inessive singular)
koop'ahna (inessive singular)
koop'ëissa (inessive plural)
koop'ëihna (inessive plural)
koop'asta (elative singular)
koop'ëista (elative plural)
kooppahën (illative singular)
kooppëihën (illative plural)
koop'alla (adessive singular)
koop'ëilla (adessive plural)
koop'alta (ablative singular)
koop'ëilta (ablative plural)
kooppalën (allative singular)
kooppalëk (allative singular)
kooppëilën (allative plural)
kooppëilëk (allative plural)
kooppana (essive singular)
kooppëina (essive plural)
koop'aksi (singular translative)
koop'ëiksi (plural translative)
koop'an (instructive singular)
koop'ëin (instructive plural)
kooppanëk (comitative singular)
kooppëinëk (comitative plural)
koop'atta (abessive singular)
koop'ëitta (abessive plural)

⇒ Estonian: koobas, (dialectal) koop

Finnish: kuoppa

Ingrian: kooppa

Karelian:

North Karelian: kuoppa

South Karelian: kuoppa

Livvi: kuoppu

Ludian: kuop

Veps: kop

Võro: kuup

Votic: kooppõ

Uncertain. Possibly borrowed from the same Baltic root as Lithuanian kãpas (“grave”), but this requires a long vowel in the original Baltic root as opposed to a short one.


karcina

karcina (nominative singular)
karcinat (nominative plural)
karcinan (accusative singular)
karcinat (accusative plural)
karcinan (genitive singular)
karcinadën (genitive plural)
karcinoidën (genitive plural)
karcinata (partitive singular)
karcinoita (partitive plural)
karcinassa (inessive singular)
karcinahna (inessive singular)
karcinoissa (inessive plural)
karcinoihna (inessive plural)
karcinasta (elative singular)
karcinoista (elative plural)
karcinasën (illative singular)
karcinoisën (illative plural)
karcinalla (adessive singular)
karcinoilla (adessive plural)
karcinalta (ablative singular)
karcinoilta (ablative plural)
karcinalën (allative singular)
karcinalëk (allative singular)
karcinoilën (allative plural)
karcinoilëk (allative plural)
karcinana (essive singular)
karcinoina (essive plural)
karcinaksi (singular translative)
karcinoiksi (plural translative)
karcinan (instructive singular)
karcinoin (instructive plural)
karcinanëk (comitative singular)
karcinoinëk (comitative plural)
karcinatta (abessive singular)
karcinoitta (abessive plural)

Finnish: karsina

→? Estonian: (dialectal) karsin, kardin

Ingrian: karsina

Karelian:

North Karelian: karsina

South Karelian: karžina

Livvi: karzin

Ludian: karžin

Veps: karzin

Votic: karsinõ

From earlier *kartina, borrowed from Proto-Baltic [Term?] (whence Lithuanian gardinys).


randëh

randëh (nominative singular)
rantëhët (nominative plural)
rantëhën (accusative singular)
rantëhët (accusative plural)
rantëhën (genitive singular)
randëhtën (genitive plural)
rantëhidën (genitive plural)
randëhta (partitive singular)
rantëhita (partitive plural)
rantëhëssa (inessive singular)
rantëhëhna (inessive singular)
rantëhissa (inessive plural)
rantëhihna (inessive plural)
rantëhësta (elative singular)
rantëhista (elative plural)
rantëhësën (illative singular)
rantëhisën (illative plural)
rantëhëlla (adessive singular)
rantëhilla (adessive plural)
rantëhëlta (ablative singular)
rantëhilta (ablative plural)
rantëhëlën (allative singular)
rantëhëlëk (allative singular)
rantëhilën (allative plural)
rantëhilëk (allative plural)
rantëhëna (essive singular)
rantëhina (essive plural)
rantëhëksi (singular translative)
rantëhiksi (plural translative)
rantëhën (instructive singular)
rantëhin (instructive plural)
rantëhënëk (comitative singular)
rantëhinëk (comitative plural)
rantëhëtta (abessive singular)
rantëhitta (abessive plural)

Estonian: ranne

Finnish: ranne

Ingrian: -ranne (in compound: käsiranne)

Karelian: ranneh

Livvi: ranneh

From earlier *ranteš (whence also Proto-Samic *ruontës), possibly but not very likely borrowed from Proto-Baltic *grandis (whence Lithuanian grandis (“bracelet”)).


vërkko

vërkko (nominative singular)
vërk'ot (nominative plural)
vërk'on (accusative singular)
vërk'ot (accusative plural)
vërk'on (genitive singular)
vërkkodën (genitive plural)
vërkkoidën (genitive plural)
vërkkoda (partitive singular)
vërkkoida (partitive plural)
vërk'ossa (inessive singular)
vërk'ohna (inessive singular)
vërk'oissa (inessive plural)
vërk'oihna (inessive plural)
vërk'osta (elative singular)
vërk'oista (elative plural)
vërkkohën (illative singular)
vërkkoihën (illative plural)
vërk'olla (adessive singular)
vërk'oilla (adessive plural)
vërk'olta (ablative singular)
vërk'oilta (ablative plural)
vërkkolën (allative singular)
vërkkolëk (allative singular)
vërkkoilën (allative plural)
vërkkoilëk (allative plural)
vërkkona (essive singular)
vërkkoina (essive plural)
vërk'oksi (singular translative)
vërk'oiksi (plural translative)
vërk'on (instructive singular)
vërk'oin (instructive plural)
vërkkonëk (comitative singular)
vërkkoinëk (comitative plural)
vërk'otta (abessive singular)
vërk'oitta (abessive plural)

Estonian: võrk

Finnish: verkko

Ingrian: verkko

Karelian: verkko

Livonian: võrgõ

Livvi: verko

Ludian: verk

Veps: verk

Võro: võrk

Votic: võrkko

Borrowed from Proto-Germanic *werką, whence Old Swedish värke (“fish weir”), dialectal Swedish verke.


rat'as

rat'as (nominative singular)
rattahët (nominative plural)
rattahën (accusative singular)
rattahët (accusative plural)
rattahën (genitive singular)
rat'astën (genitive plural)
rattahidën (genitive plural)
rat'asta (partitive singular)
rattahita (partitive plural)
rattahëssa (inessive singular)
rattahëhna (inessive singular)
rattahissa (inessive plural)
rattahihna (inessive plural)
rattahësta (elative singular)
rattahista (elative plural)
rattahësën (illative singular)
rattahisën (illative plural)
rattahëlla (adessive singular)
rattahilla (adessive plural)
rattahëlta (ablative singular)
rattahilta (ablative plural)
rattahëlën (allative singular)
rattahëlëk (allative singular)
rattahilën (allative plural)
rattahilëk (allative plural)
rat'assa (essive singular)
rattahina (essive plural)
rattahëksi (singular translative)
rattahiksi (plural translative)
rattahën (instructive singular)
rattahin (instructive plural)
rat'assëk (comitative singular)
rattahinëk (comitative plural)
rattahëtta (abessive singular)
rattahitta (abessive plural)

Estonian: ratas

Finnish: ratas

→ Inari Sami: räätis

→ Northern Sami: ráhtis

Ingrian: ratas

Karelian: ratas

Livonian: ratāz

Livvi: ratas

Ludian: rataz

Võro: ratas

Votic: rataz

Borrowed from Proto-Baltic [Term?] (whence Latvian rats, Lithuanian ratas), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *Hret-.


jouc'ën

jouc'ën (nominative singular)
jouccënët (nominative plural)
jouccënën (accusative singular)
jouccënët (accusative plural)
jouccënën (genitive singular)
jouc'ëndën (genitive plural)
jouccënidën (genitive plural)
jouc'ënta (partitive singular)
jouccënita (partitive plural)
jouccënëssa (inessive singular)
jouccënëhna (inessive singular)
jouccënissa (inessive plural)
jouccënihna (inessive plural)
jouccënësta (elative singular)
jouccënista (elative plural)
jouccënësën (illative singular)
jouccënisën (illative plural)
jouccënëlla (adessive singular)
jouccënilla (adessive plural)
jouccënëlta (ablative singular)
jouccënilta (ablative plural)
jouccënëlën (allative singular)
jouccënëlëk (allative singular)
jouccënilën (allative plural)
jouccënilëk (allative plural)
jouc'ënna (essive singular)
jouccënina (essive plural)
jouccënëksi (singular translative)
jouccëniksi (plural translative)
jouccënën (instructive singular)
jouccënin (instructive plural)
jouc'ënnëk (comitative singular)
jouccëninëk (comitative plural)
jouccënëtta (abessive singular)
jouccënitta (abessive plural)

Estonian: jues (dialectal)

Finnish: joutsen

Ingrian: joutsen

Karelian:

North Karelian: joučen

South Karelian: (dialectal) joučen

Livvi: joučen

Ludian: d'oučen, d'oučim

Veps: joucen ?

From Proto-Finno-Ugric *joŋkće. Cognate with Proto-Samic *ńukčë.


karci

karci (nominative singular)
kardët (nominative plural)
kardën (accusative singular)
kardët (accusative plural)
kardën (genitive singular)
kartëdën (genitive plural)
karcidën (genitive plural)
kartëda (partitive singular)
karcida (partitive plural)
kardëssa (inessive singular)
kardëhna (inessive singular)
karcissa (inessive plural)
karcihna (inessive plural)
kardësta (elative singular)
karcista (elative plural)
kartëhën (illative singular)
karcihën (illative plural)
kardëlla (adessive singular)
karcilla (adessive plural)
kardëlta (ablative singular)
karcilta (ablative plural)
kartëlën (allative singular)
kartëlëk (allative singular)
karcilën (allative plural)
karcilëk (allative plural)
kartëna (essive singular)
karcina (essive plural)
kardëksi (singular translative)
karciksi (plural translative)
kardën (instructive singular)
karcin (instructive plural)
kartënëk (comitative singular)
karcinëk (comitative plural)
kardëtta (abessive singular)
karcitta (abessive plural)

Finnish: karsi

Karelian:

North Karelian: karši

Veps: ⇒ kard

From Proto-Finno-Permic *karte- (whence Proto-Samic *koartētēk).


tiineh

tiineh (nominative singular)
tiinehet (nominative plural)
tiinehen (accusative singular)
tiinehet (accusative plural)
tiinehen (genitive singular)
tiinehten (genitive plural)
tiinehiden (genitive plural)
tiinehtä (partitive singular)
tiinehitä (partitive plural)
tiinehessä (inessive singular)
tiinehehnä (inessive singular)
tiinehissä (inessive plural)
tiinehihnä (inessive plural)
tiinehestä (elative singular)
tiinehistä (elative plural)
tiinehesen (illative singular)
tiinehisen (illative plural)
tiinehellä (adessive singular)
tiinehillä (adessive plural)
tiineheltä (ablative singular)
tiinehiltä (ablative plural)
tiinehelen (allative singular)
tiinehelek (allative singular)
tiinehilen (allative plural)
tiinehilek (allative plural)
tiinehenä (essive singular)
tiinehinä (essive plural)
tiineheksi (singular translative)
tiinehiksi (plural translative)
tiinehen (instructive singular)
tiinehin (instructive plural)
tiinehenek (comitative singular)
tiinehinek (comitative plural)
tiinehettä (abessive singular)
tiinehittä (abessive plural)

Estonian: tiine

Finnish: tiine

Ingrian: tiine

Karelian: tiineh

Livonian: (Salaca) tīn

Livvi: tiineh

Ludian: tiineh

Veps: tineh

Võro: tiinõq

Votic: tiini

From earlier *tejneš, borrowed from an Indo-European language (probably Balto-Slavic), compare Lithuanian dieni (“pregnant”) and Sanskrit धेनु (dhenu).


cüvä

cüvä (nominative singular)
cüvät (nominative plural)
cüvän (accusative singular)
cüvät (accusative plural)
cüvän (genitive singular)
cüväden (genitive plural)
cüveiden (genitive plural)
cüvädä (partitive singular)
cüveidä (partitive plural)
cüvässä (inessive singular)
cüvähnä (inessive singular)
cüveissä (inessive plural)
cüveihnä (inessive plural)
cüvästä (elative singular)
cüveistä (elative plural)
cüvähen (illative singular)
cüveihen (illative plural)
cüvällä (adessive singular)
cüveillä (adessive plural)
cüvältä (ablative singular)
cüveiltä (ablative plural)
cüvälen (allative singular)
cüvälek (allative singular)
cüveilen (allative plural)
cüveilek (allative plural)
cüvänä (essive singular)
cüveinä (essive plural)
cüväksi (singular translative)
cüveiksi (plural translative)
cüvän (instructive singular)
cüvein (instructive plural)
cüvänek (comitative singular)
cüveinek (comitative plural)
cüvättä (abessive singular)
cüveittä (abessive plural)

Estonian: süva

Finnish: syvä

Ingrian: syvä

Karelian: syvä, šyvä

Livvi: syvä

Ludian: šüvä

Veps: süvä

Võro: süvä

Votic: süvä

Livonian: tõvā

Probably from Proto-Finno-Ugric *tiwä. Cognate with Proto-Samic *tëvē. Has also sometimes been considered a borrowing from Proto-Germanic *deupaz (“deep”), but inheritance is more likely.


säksi

säksi (nominative singular)
säkset (nominative plural)
säksen (accusative singular)
säkset (accusative plural)
säksen (genitive singular)
sästen (genitive plural)
säksiden (genitive plural)
sästä (partitive singular)
säksidä (partitive plural)
säksessä (inessive singular)
säksehnä (inessive singular)
säksissä (inessive plural)
säksihnä (inessive plural)
säksestä (elative singular)
säksistä (elative plural)
säksehen (illative singular)
säksihen (illative plural)
säksellä (adessive singular)
säksillä (adessive plural)
säkseltä (ablative singular)
säksiltä (ablative plural)
säkselen (allative singular)
säkselek (allative singular)
säksilen (allative plural)
säksilek (allative plural)
sässä (essive singular)
säksinä (essive plural)
säkseksi (singular translative)
säksiksi (plural translative)
säksen (instructive singular)
säksin (instructive plural)
sässek (comitative singular)
säksinek (comitative plural)
säksettä (abessive singular)
säksittä (abessive plural)

Estonian: sääsk (“osprey”) (with metathesis)

Finnish: sääksi, (with metathesis, dialectal) sääski


kütü

kütü (nominative singular)
küdüt (nominative plural)
küdün (accusative singular)
küdüt (accusative plural)
küdün (genitive singular)
kütüden (genitive plural)
kütüiden (genitive plural)
kütüdä (partitive singular)
kütüidä (partitive plural)
küdüssä (inessive singular)
küdühnä (inessive singular)
küdüissä (inessive plural)
küdüihnä (inessive plural)
küdüstä (elative singular)
küdüistä (elative plural)
kütühen (illative singular)
kütüihen (illative plural)
küdüllä (adessive singular)
küdüillä (adessive plural)
küdültä (ablative singular)
küdüiltä (ablative plural)
kütülen (allative singular)
kütülek (allative singular)
kütüilen (allative plural)
kütüilek (allative plural)
kütünä (essive singular)
kütüinä (essive plural)
küdüksi (singular translative)
küdüiksi (plural translative)
küdün (instructive singular)
küdüin (instructive plural)
kütünek (comitative singular)
kütüinek (comitative plural)
küdüttä (abessive singular)
küdüittä (abessive plural)

Estonian: küdi

Finnish: kyty

Ingrian: kyty

Karelian: kyty

Veps: küdu

Votic: tšütü


kirot'ak

kiroda- (stem)
kirodan (first-person present singular)
kirocin (first-person past singular)
kirotkon (first-person optative singular)
kirodat (present second-person singular)
kirocit (past second-person singular)
kirodak (imperative second-person singular)
kirotkos (optative second-person singular)
kirodapi (present singular third-person)
kirot (present singular third-person)
kiroci (past singular third-person)
kirotkasën (imperative singular third-person)
kirotkosën (optative singular third-person)
kirodakmëk (first-person plural present)
kirodakmak (first-person plural present)
kirocimëk (first-person past plural)
kirocimak (first-person past plural)
kirotkatëmëk (first-person imperative plural)
kirotkatamak (first-person imperative plural)
kirotkotëmëk (first-person optative plural)
kirotkotamak (first-person optative plural)
kirodaktëk (plural present second-person)
kirodaktak (plural present second-person)
kirocidëk (past plural second-person)
kirocidak (past plural second-person)
kirotkatë (imperative plural second-person)
kirotkata (imperative plural second-person)
kirotkot'ëk (optative plural second-person)
kirotkotadak (optative plural second-person)
kirodabat (plural present third-person)
kirot (plural present third-person)
kiroci (past plural third-person)
kirotkasën (imperative plural third-person)
kirotkosën (optative plural third-person)
kirodaksën (passive present)
kirodat'aksën (passive present)
kirottisën (passive past)
kirodattihën (passive past)
kirottakahën (imperative passive)
kirodattagasën (imperative passive)
kirottakohën (optative passive)
kirodattagosën (optative passive)
kirodak (connegative present)
kirotkak (connegative imperative)
kirotkok (connegative optative)
kirodaktak (connegative passive present)
kirottagak (connegative imperative passive)
kirodattagak (connegative imperative passive)
kirottagok (connegative optative passive)
kirodattagok (connegative optative passive)
kirodakcin (conditional conditional-i first-person singular)
kirocicin (conditional conditional-ii first-person singular)
kironnën (first-person potential singular)
kirodakcit (conditional conditional-i second-person singular)
kirocicit (conditional conditional-ii second-person singular)
kironnët (potential second-person singular)
kirodakci (conditional conditional-i singular third-person)
kirocici (conditional conditional-ii singular third-person)
kironni (potential singular third-person)
kirodakcimëk (conditional conditional-i first-person plural)
kirodakcimak (conditional conditional-i first-person plural)
kirocicimëk (conditional conditional-ii first-person plural)
kirocicimak (conditional conditional-ii first-person plural)
kironnëmëk (first-person plural potential)
kironnëmak (first-person plural potential)
kirodakcidëk (conditional conditional-i plural second-person)
kirodakcidak (conditional conditional-i plural second-person)
kirocicidëk (conditional conditional-ii plural second-person)
kirocicidak (conditional conditional-ii plural second-person)
kironnëdëk (plural potential second-person)
kironnëdak (plural potential second-person)
kirodakci (conditional conditional-i plural third-person)
kirocici (conditional conditional-ii plural third-person)
kironni (plural potential third-person)
kirot'akcihën (conditional conditional-i passive)
kirodat'akcisën (conditional conditional-i passive)
kirotticihën (conditional conditional-ii passive)
kirodatticisën (conditional conditional-ii passive)
kirottanëhën (passive potential)
kirodattanësën (passive potential)
kirodakcik (conditional conditional-i connegative)
kirocicik (conditional conditional-ii connegative)
kironnëk (connegative potential)
kirot'akcik (conditional conditional-i connegative passive)
kirodat'akcik (conditional conditional-i connegative passive)
kirotticik (conditional conditional-ii connegative passive)
kirodatticik (conditional conditional-ii connegative passive)
kirottanëk (connegative passive potential)
kirodattanëk (connegative passive potential)
kirot'ak (conditional conditional-i infinitive infinitive-i)
kirodapa (active participle present)
kirottapa (participle passive present)
kirodattaba (participle passive present)
kirottë- (conditional conditional-i infinitive infinitive-ii)
kironnut (active participle past)
kirottu (participle passive past)
kirodattu (participle passive past)
kirodama (conditional conditional-i gerund supine)
kirodaminen (conditional conditional-i noun-from-verb)

Estonian: kiruma/kiruda

Finnish: kirota

Ingrian: kerota

Karelian: kirota

Livvi: kirota

Ludian: kirota

Veps: kirota

Votic: tširotõ, tširoa (Mati, Pummala)

From Proto-Finno-Ugric *kira-(w-) + *-t'ak. Cognate with Proto-Samic *kërōtēk.


sarni

sarni (nominative singular)
sarnët (nominative plural)
sarnën (accusative singular)
sarnët (accusative plural)
sarnën (genitive singular)
sarnëdën (genitive plural)
sarnidën (genitive plural)
sarnëda (partitive singular)
sarnida (partitive plural)
sarnëssa (inessive singular)
sarnëhna (inessive singular)
sarnissa (inessive plural)
sarnihna (inessive plural)
sarnësta (elative singular)
sarnista (elative plural)
sarnëhën (illative singular)
sarnihën (illative plural)
sarnëlla (adessive singular)
sarnilla (adessive plural)
sarnëlta (ablative singular)
sarnilta (ablative plural)
sarnëlën (allative singular)
sarnëlëk (allative singular)
sarnilën (allative plural)
sarnilëk (allative plural)
sarnëna (essive singular)
sarnina (essive plural)
sarnëksi (singular translative)
sarniksi (plural translative)
sarnën (instructive singular)
sarnin (instructive plural)
sarnënëk (comitative singular)
sarninëk (comitative plural)
sarnëtta (abessive singular)
sarnitta (abessive plural)

Estonian: saar

Finnish: saarni

Ingrian: saarni

Votic: (Jõgõperä, Mati, Pummala) saarni

Ingrian: saarne

Võro: saarnõq, saarnõs, saarnõh

Votic: (Mati) saarnõ

Livonian: sǟrna, (Salaca) sar

From Proto-Finno-Permic *särńä, whence also Eastern Mari шертне (šertńe) and Western Mari шӓртньы (šärtńy). Possibly ultimately borrowed from a substrate language.


käpü

käpü (nominative singular)
käbüt (nominative plural)
käbün (accusative singular)
käbüt (accusative plural)
käbün (genitive singular)
käpüden (genitive plural)
käpüiden (genitive plural)
käpüdä (partitive singular)
käpüidä (partitive plural)
käbüssä (inessive singular)
käbühnä (inessive singular)
käbüissä (inessive plural)
käbüihnä (inessive plural)
käbüstä (elative singular)
käbüistä (elative plural)
käpühen (illative singular)
käpüihen (illative plural)
käbüllä (adessive singular)
käbüillä (adessive plural)
käbültä (ablative singular)
käbüiltä (ablative plural)
käpülen (allative singular)
käpülek (allative singular)
käpüilen (allative plural)
käpüilek (allative plural)
käpünä (essive singular)
käpüinä (essive plural)
käbüksi (singular translative)
käbüiksi (plural translative)
käbün (instructive singular)
käbüin (instructive plural)
käpünek (comitative singular)
käpüinek (comitative plural)
käbüttä (abessive singular)
käbüittä (abessive plural)

Estonian: käbi

Finnish: käpy

Ingrian: käpy

Karelian: käpy, käby

Livvi: käbü

Ludian: käbü

Veps: käbu

Votic: tšäpü

Livonian: käbā


pëtra

pëtra (nominative singular)
pëtrat (nominative plural)
pëtran (accusative singular)
pëtrat (accusative plural)
pëtran (genitive singular)
pëtradën (genitive plural)
pëtroidën (genitive plural)
pëtrada (partitive singular)
pëtroida (partitive plural)
pëtrassa (inessive singular)
pëtrahna (inessive singular)
pëtroissa (inessive plural)
pëtroihna (inessive plural)
pëtrasta (elative singular)
pëtroista (elative plural)
pëtrahën (illative singular)
pëtroihën (illative plural)
pëtralla (adessive singular)
pëtroilla (adessive plural)
pëtralta (ablative singular)
pëtroilta (ablative plural)
pëtralën (allative singular)
pëtralëk (allative singular)
pëtroilën (allative plural)
pëtroilëk (allative plural)
pëtrana (essive singular)
pëtroina (essive plural)
pëtraksi (singular translative)
pëtroiksi (plural translative)
pëtran (instructive singular)
pëtroin (instructive plural)
pëtranëk (comitative singular)
pëtroinëk (comitative plural)
pëtratta (abessive singular)
pëtroitta (abessive plural)

Estonian: põder

Finnish: peura, (dialectal) petra

Karelian:

North Karelian: petra

South Karelian: pedra

Livonian: põ’ddõrz

Livvi: pedru

Ludian: pedr

Veps: pedr

Võro: põdõr, põdyr', põtr

Votic: (Lempola, Mati, Pummala) põdra

Unclear. Possibly borrowed from a Baltic language, compare Lithuanian bendras (“common, shared”) .


nocko

nocko (nominative singular)
nockot (nominative plural)
nockon (accusative singular)
nockot (accusative plural)
nockon (genitive singular)
nockodën (genitive plural)
nockoidën (genitive plural)
nockoda (partitive singular)
nockoida (partitive plural)
nockossa (inessive singular)
nockohna (inessive singular)
nockoissa (inessive plural)
nockoihna (inessive plural)
nockosta (elative singular)
nockoista (elative plural)
nockohën (illative singular)
nockoihën (illative plural)
nockolla (adessive singular)
nockoilla (adessive plural)
nockolta (ablative singular)
nockoilta (ablative plural)
nockolën (allative singular)
nockolëk (allative singular)
nockoilën (allative plural)
nockoilëk (allative plural)
nockona (essive singular)
nockoina (essive plural)
nockoksi (singular translative)
nockoiksi (plural translative)
nockon (instructive singular)
nockoin (instructive plural)
nockonëk (comitative singular)
nockoinëk (comitative plural)
nockotta (abessive singular)
nockoitta (abessive plural)

Estonian: nõtk

Finnish: notko

Ingrian: notko

Karelian: notko

Livvi: notko

Veps: notk

Võro: nõtsk

Votic: nõtko

*nocka + *-o. Cognate with Proto-Samic *ńoackē (from Proto-Finno-Permic *ńočka).


sësar

sësar (nominative singular)
sësarët (nominative plural)
sësarën (accusative singular)
sësarët (accusative plural)
sësarën (genitive singular)
sësardën (genitive plural)
sësaridën (genitive plural)
sësarta (partitive singular)
sësarita (partitive plural)
sësarëssa (inessive singular)
sësarëhna (inessive singular)
sësarissa (inessive plural)
sësarihna (inessive plural)
sësarësta (elative singular)
sësarista (elative plural)
sësarësën (illative singular)
sësarisën (illative plural)
sësarëlla (adessive singular)
sësarilla (adessive plural)
sësarëlta (ablative singular)
sësarilta (ablative plural)
sësarëlën (allative singular)
sësarëlëk (allative singular)
sësarilën (allative plural)
sësarilëk (allative plural)
sësarna (essive singular)
sësarina (essive plural)
sësarëksi (singular translative)
sësariksi (plural translative)
sësarën (instructive singular)
sësarin (instructive plural)
sësarnëk (comitative singular)
sësarinëk (comitative plural)
sësarëtta (abessive singular)
sësaritta (abessive plural)

Estonian: sõsar

Livonian: sõzār

Võro: sysar'

Votic: sõzar

Finnish: sisar

Ingrian: sisar, (Soikkola) siar

Karelian: sisär, sizär

Livvi: sizär

Ludian: sizar

Veps: sizar

Borrowed from Proto-Balto-Slavic *swésō, from Proto-Indo-European *swésōr.


orih

orih (nominative singular)
orihët (nominative plural)
orihën (accusative singular)
orihët (accusative plural)
orihën (genitive singular)
orihtën (genitive plural)
orihidën (genitive plural)
orihta (partitive singular)
orihita (partitive plural)
orihëssa (inessive singular)
orihëhna (inessive singular)
orihissa (inessive plural)
orihihna (inessive plural)
orihësta (elative singular)
orihista (elative plural)
orihësën (illative singular)
orihisën (illative plural)
orihëlla (adessive singular)
orihilla (adessive plural)
orihëlta (ablative singular)
orihilta (ablative plural)
orihëlën (allative singular)
orihëlëk (allative singular)
orihilën (allative plural)
orihilëk (allative plural)
orihëna (essive singular)
orihina (essive plural)
orihëksi (singular translative)
orihiksi (plural translative)
orihën (instructive singular)
orihin (instructive plural)
orihënëk (comitative singular)
orihinëk (comitative plural)
orihëtta (abessive singular)
orihitta (abessive plural)

Finnish: ori, orhi

Ingrian: ori

Karelian: orih, oreh

Livvi: orih

Ludian: orih

Veps: oreh, orih

Estonian: orikas

Livonian: vȯ’ŗki

Võro: orik


kääppä

kääppä (nominative singular)
kääp'ät (nominative plural)
kääp'än (accusative singular)
kääp'ät (accusative plural)
kääp'än (genitive singular)
kääppäden (genitive plural)
kääppeiden (genitive plural)
kääppädä (partitive singular)
kääppeidä (partitive plural)
kääp'ässä (inessive singular)
kääp'ähnä (inessive singular)
kääp'eissä (inessive plural)
kääp'eihnä (inessive plural)
kääp'ästä (elative singular)
kääp'eistä (elative plural)
kääppähen (illative singular)
kääppeihen (illative plural)
kääp'ällä (adessive singular)
kääp'eillä (adessive plural)
kääp'ältä (ablative singular)
kääp'eiltä (ablative plural)
kääppälen (allative singular)
kääppälek (allative singular)
kääppeilen (allative plural)
kääppeilek (allative plural)
kääppänä (essive singular)
kääppeinä (essive plural)
kääp'äksi (singular translative)
kääp'eiksi (plural translative)
kääp'än (instructive singular)
kääp'ein (instructive plural)
kääppänek (comitative singular)
kääppeinek (comitative plural)
kääp'ättä (abessive singular)
kääp'eittä (abessive plural)

⇒ Estonian: kääbas, (dialectal) kääp

Finnish: (dialectal) kääppä

Veps: käp

⇒ Võro: kääbäs

Votic: (Kattila) tšääppä

From earlier *käppä, possibly borrowed from Proto-Baltic [Term?] (whence Latvian kaps, Lithuanian kapas) or, alternatively, possibly from Proto-Finno-Ugric *käppä (whence Eastern Mansi [script needed] (käp), Northern Mansi [script needed] (kap, “hill”)).


rohka

rohka (nominative singular)
rohkat (nominative plural)
rohkan (accusative singular)
rohkat (accusative plural)
rohkan (genitive singular)
rohkadën (genitive plural)
rohkëidën (genitive plural)
rohkada (partitive singular)
rohkëida (partitive plural)
rohkassa (inessive singular)
rohkahna (inessive singular)
rohkëissa (inessive plural)
rohkëihna (inessive plural)
rohkasta (elative singular)
rohkëista (elative plural)
rohkahën (illative singular)
rohkëihën (illative plural)
rohkalla (adessive singular)
rohkëilla (adessive plural)
rohkalta (ablative singular)
rohkëilta (ablative plural)
rohkalën (allative singular)
rohkalëk (allative singular)
rohkëilën (allative plural)
rohkëilëk (allative plural)
rohkana (essive singular)
rohkëina (essive plural)
rohkaksi (singular translative)
rohkëiksi (plural translative)
rohkan (instructive singular)
rohkëin (instructive plural)
rohkanëk (comitative singular)
rohkëinëk (comitative plural)
rohkatta (abessive singular)
rohkëitta (abessive plural)

Estonian: (dialectal) ⇒ rõhke

Finnish: (dialectal) rohka

Karelian:

South Karelian: ruohka

South Karelian: ruohka

Livvi: ruohku

Ludian: ruohk

Veps: rohk

Võro: rõhk

Possibly from Proto-Finno-Permic *roška.


sülki

sülki (nominative singular)
sülget (nominative plural)
sülgen (accusative singular)
sülget (accusative plural)
sülgen (genitive singular)
sülkeden (genitive plural)
sülkiden (genitive plural)
sülkedä (partitive singular)
sülkidä (partitive plural)
sülgessä (inessive singular)
sülgehnä (inessive singular)
sülgissä (inessive plural)
sülgihnä (inessive plural)
sülgestä (elative singular)
sülgistä (elative plural)
sülkehen (illative singular)
sülkihen (illative plural)
sülgellä (adessive singular)
sülgillä (adessive plural)
sülgeltä (ablative singular)
sülgiltä (ablative plural)
sülkelen (allative singular)
sülkelek (allative singular)
sülkilen (allative plural)
sülkilek (allative plural)
sülkenä (essive singular)
sülkinä (essive plural)
sülgeksi (singular translative)
sülgiksi (plural translative)
sülgen (instructive singular)
sülgin (instructive plural)
sülkenek (comitative singular)
sülkinek (comitative plural)
sülgettä (abessive singular)
sülgittä (abessive plural)

Estonian: sülg

Finnish: sylki

Ingrian: sylki

Karelian: sylki

Livonian: siļg

Livvi: sylgi

Ludian: šülg

Veps: sül'g

Võro: sülg

Votic: sültši


voohi

voohi (nominative singular)
voohët (nominative plural)
voohën (accusative singular)
voohët (accusative plural)
voohën (genitive singular)
voohtën (genitive plural)
voohidën (genitive plural)
voohta (partitive singular)
voohida (partitive plural)
voohëssa (inessive singular)
voohëhna (inessive singular)
voohissa (inessive plural)
voohihna (inessive plural)
voohësta (elative singular)
voohista (elative plural)
voohëhën (illative singular)
voohihën (illative plural)
voohëlla (adessive singular)
voohilla (adessive plural)
voohëlta (ablative singular)
voohilta (ablative plural)
voohëlën (allative singular)
voohëlëk (allative singular)
voohilën (allative plural)
voohilëk (allative plural)
voohëna (essive singular)
voohina (essive plural)
voohëksi (singular translative)
voohiksi (plural translative)
voohën (instructive singular)
voohin (instructive plural)
voohënëk (comitative singular)
voohinëk (comitative plural)
voohëtta (abessive singular)
voohitta (abessive plural)

Estonian: ⇒ võhu- (in compound: võhumõõk)

Finnish: vuohi

Ingrian: voohi

Votic: ⇒ voho

From earlier *(v)ooši, borrowed from Proto-Baltic [Term?] (whence Latvian āzis and Lithuanian ožys), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eyǵ-.


mürkkü

mürkkü (nominative singular)
mürk'üt (nominative plural)
mürk'ün (accusative singular)
mürk'üt (accusative plural)
mürk'ün (genitive singular)
mürkküden (genitive plural)
mürkküiden (genitive plural)
mürkküdä (partitive singular)
mürkküidä (partitive plural)
mürk'üssä (inessive singular)
mürk'ühnä (inessive singular)
mürk'üissä (inessive plural)
mürk'üihnä (inessive plural)
mürk'üstä (elative singular)
mürk'üistä (elative plural)
mürkkühen (illative singular)
mürkküihen (illative plural)
mürk'üllä (adessive singular)
mürk'üillä (adessive plural)
mürk'ültä (ablative singular)
mürk'üiltä (ablative plural)
mürkkülen (allative singular)
mürkkülek (allative singular)
mürkküilen (allative plural)
mürkküilek (allative plural)
mürkkünä (essive singular)
mürkküinä (essive plural)
mürk'üksi (singular translative)
mürk'üiksi (plural translative)
mürk'ün (instructive singular)
mürk'üin (instructive plural)
mürkkünek (comitative singular)
mürkküinek (comitative plural)
mürk'üttä (abessive singular)
mürk'üittä (abessive plural)

Estonian: mürk

Finnish: myrkky

→ Lule Sami: mirkko

→ Northern Sami: mirku

→ Inari Sami: mirkkâ

→ Livvi: myrkky

→ Swedish: myrkko (Northern dialectal)

→ Votic: mürkkü

Ingrian: myrkky

Karelian: myrkky (at least partly borrowed from Finnish)

Unclear. Has been compared with Hungarian méreg (“poison”) and Proto-Germanic *markiją (“celery”), both assuming Finnic-internal development from earlier *merkkü (compare *lülü, *süntüdäk). The first comparison suffers from additional phonetic problems, the second from semantic ones. Alternately, Finnic-internal derivation from a root *mür- seen in *mürtüdäk (“to become grumpy, to become sour”) and *müredä (“grumpy”) has been suggested, though no suffix *-kkü exists. If Finnish dialectal myrkkä (“smell”) is also related, the immediate derivation would be *mürkkä + *-ü. Also posited to be borrowed from Iranian (cf. Ossetian марг (marg, “poison”), Persian مرگ (“death”)), although this theory is highly unlikely.


koola

koola (nominative singular)
koolat (nominative plural)
koolan (accusative singular)
koolat (accusative plural)
koolan (genitive singular)
kooladën (genitive plural)
koolëidën (genitive plural)
koolada (partitive singular)
koolëida (partitive plural)
koolassa (inessive singular)
koolahna (inessive singular)
koolëissa (inessive plural)
koolëihna (inessive plural)
koolasta (elative singular)
koolëista (elative plural)
koolahën (illative singular)
koolëihën (illative plural)
koolalla (adessive singular)
koolëilla (adessive plural)
koolalta (ablative singular)
koolëilta (ablative plural)
koolalën (allative singular)
koolalëk (allative singular)
koolëilën (allative plural)
koolëilëk (allative plural)
koolana (essive singular)
koolëina (essive plural)
koolaksi (singular translative)
koolëiksi (plural translative)
koolan (instructive singular)
koolëin (instructive plural)
koolanëk (comitative singular)
koolëinëk (comitative plural)
koolatta (abessive singular)
koolëitta (abessive plural)

Estonian: kool

Finnish: kuola

Ingrian: koolo


këlta

këlta (nominative singular)
këldat (nominative plural)
këldan (accusative singular)
këldat (accusative plural)
këldan (genitive singular)
këltadën (genitive plural)
këltoidën (genitive plural)
këltada (partitive singular)
këltoida (partitive plural)
këldassa (inessive singular)
këldahna (inessive singular)
këldoissa (inessive plural)
këldoihna (inessive plural)
këldasta (elative singular)
këldoista (elative plural)
këltahën (illative singular)
këltoihën (illative plural)
këldalla (adessive singular)
këldoilla (adessive plural)
këldalta (ablative singular)
këldoilta (ablative plural)
këltalën (allative singular)
këltalëk (allative singular)
këltoilën (allative plural)
këltoilëk (allative plural)
këltana (essive singular)
këltoina (essive plural)
këldaksi (singular translative)
këldoiksi (plural translative)
këldan (instructive singular)
këldoin (instructive plural)
këltanëk (comitative singular)
këltoinëk (comitative plural)
këldatta (abessive singular)
këldoitta (abessive plural)

Estonian: kold, (dialectal) kõld

Finnish: kelta

Ingrian: (in compounds) kelta

Karelian: kelta, kelda

Livvi: keldu

Ludian: keld

Veps: keld, keud, küud

Votic: kõltõ

Borrowed from a Baltic language, compare Lithuanian geltas, Latvian dzelta.

species of club moss (Diphasiastrum complanatum) used for dyeing fabrics


höö

Finnish: (dialectal) hyö

Ingrian: höö

Karelian:

North Karelian: hyö

South Karelian: hyö

Livvi: hyö

Ludian: hüö

Veps: hö


karsa

karsa (nominative singular)
karsat (nominative plural)
karsan (accusative singular)
karsat (accusative plural)
karsan (genitive singular)
karsadën (genitive plural)
karsoidën (genitive plural)
karsada (partitive singular)
karsoida (partitive plural)
karsassa (inessive singular)
karsahna (inessive singular)
karsoissa (inessive plural)
karsoihna (inessive plural)
karsasta (elative singular)
karsoista (elative plural)
karsahën (illative singular)
karsoihën (illative plural)
karsalla (adessive singular)
karsoilla (adessive plural)
karsalta (ablative singular)
karsoilta (ablative plural)
karsalën (allative singular)
karsalëk (allative singular)
karsoilën (allative plural)
karsoilëk (allative plural)
karsana (essive singular)
karsoina (essive plural)
karsaksi (singular translative)
karsoiksi (plural translative)
karsan (instructive singular)
karsoin (instructive plural)
karsanëk (comitative singular)
karsoinëk (comitative plural)
karsatta (abessive singular)
karsoitta (abessive plural)

Estonian: (dialectal) kars, kärss

Finnish: (dialectal) karsa, ⇒ karso

Võro: (Seto) ⇒ karso (“blind person”)

Finnish: karsas

Karelian:

North Karelian: karsas

From earlier *karśa, cognate with Proto-Samic *kuorčōj (whence Northern Sami guoržžu (“one who has the evil eye, evil spirit”)).


mo-

Finnish: moinen (“such, like (that)”)

Ingrian: -moin

Karelian:

North Karelian: moini (“such, like (that)”)

South Karelian: moine (“such, like (that)”)

Livvi: moine (“such, like (that)”)

Ludian: moine (“such, like (that)”)

desc

Finnish: mokoma (“such”) (negative or neutral)

Ingrian: mokoma (“such”)

Karelian:

South Karelian: mugoma (“such”)

Ludian: mogom (“such”)

Ingrian: moen (“such, like (that)”) (dialectal) (← *mo-gën?)

From Proto-Finno-Permic [Term?] (compare Komi-Zyrian мыд (myd), Udmurt мыд (myd), Eastern Mari моло (molo)), perhaps a variant of *mu (whence *muu (“other”)).

The meaning of this term is uncertain. Possibilities include: that? other?


üdin

üdin (nominative singular)
ütimet (nominative plural)
ütimen (accusative singular)
ütimet (accusative plural)
ütimen (genitive singular)
üdinden (genitive plural)
ütimiden (genitive plural)
üdintä (partitive singular)
ütimitä (partitive plural)
ütimessä (inessive singular)
ütimehnä (inessive singular)
ütimissä (inessive plural)
ütimihnä (inessive plural)
ütimestä (elative singular)
ütimistä (elative plural)
ütimesen (illative singular)
ütimisen (illative plural)
ütimellä (adessive singular)
ütimillä (adessive plural)
ütimeltä (ablative singular)
ütimiltä (ablative plural)
ütimelen (allative singular)
ütimelek (allative singular)
ütimilen (allative plural)
ütimilek (allative plural)
ütimenä (essive singular)
ütiminä (essive plural)
ütimeksi (singular translative)
ütimiksi (plural translative)
ütimen (instructive singular)
ütimin (instructive plural)
ütimenek (comitative singular)
ütiminek (comitative plural)
ütimettä (abessive singular)
ütimittä (abessive plural)

Estonian: üdi

Finnish: ydin

Karelian:

North Karelian: yvin

South Karelian: yjin

From Proto-Finno-Ugric *wideme. Cognate with Proto-Samic *ëδëm.


virci

virci (nominative singular)
virdet (nominative plural)
virden (accusative singular)
virdet (accusative plural)
virden (genitive singular)
virteden (genitive plural)
virciden (genitive plural)
virtedä (partitive singular)
vircidä (partitive plural)
virdessä (inessive singular)
virdehnä (inessive singular)
vircissä (inessive plural)
vircihnä (inessive plural)
virdestä (elative singular)
vircistä (elative plural)
virtehen (illative singular)
vircihen (illative plural)
virdellä (adessive singular)
vircillä (adessive plural)
virdeltä (ablative singular)
virciltä (ablative plural)
virtelen (allative singular)
virtelek (allative singular)
vircilen (allative plural)
vircilek (allative plural)
virtenä (essive singular)
vircinä (essive plural)
virdeksi (singular translative)
virciksi (plural translative)
virden (instructive singular)
vircin (instructive plural)
virtenek (comitative singular)
vircinek (comitative plural)
virdettä (abessive singular)
vircittä (abessive plural)

Estonian: virs

Finnish: virsi

Ingrian: vers

Karelian:

North Karelian: virši

South Karelian: virži

Livvi: virzi

Ludian: virž, virzi

Votic: virsi

From earlier *virti, borrowed from a Baltic language, compare Latvian vārds, Old Prussian wirds, from Proto-Indo-European *werdʰh₁om.


süklä

süklä (nominative singular)
süklät (nominative plural)
süklän (accusative singular)
süklät (accusative plural)
süklän (genitive singular)
sükläden (genitive plural)
sükleiden (genitive plural)
süklädä (partitive singular)
sükleidä (partitive plural)
süklässä (inessive singular)
süklähnä (inessive singular)
sükleissä (inessive plural)
sükleihnä (inessive plural)
süklästä (elative singular)
sükleistä (elative plural)
süklähen (illative singular)
sükleihen (illative plural)
süklällä (adessive singular)
sükleillä (adessive plural)
süklältä (ablative singular)
sükleiltä (ablative plural)
süklälen (allative singular)
süklälek (allative singular)
sükleilen (allative plural)
sükleilek (allative plural)
süklänä (essive singular)
sükleinä (essive plural)
sükläksi (singular translative)
sükleiksi (plural translative)
süklän (instructive singular)
süklein (instructive plural)
süklänek (comitative singular)
sükleinek (comitative plural)
süklättä (abessive singular)
sükleittä (abessive plural)

Finnish: syylä

Ingrian: syglä

Karelian:

North Karelian: syplä

South Karelian: syblä

Livonian: sõ’ggõl

Livvi: sybly

Veps: sübl

Votic: sügle

From Proto-Uralic *śüklä. Cognate with Proto-Samic *čivlē.


veeras

Probably *veeri + *-as (the suffix is a variant of *-s), albeit this etymology is not without doubt.


veeras

veeras (nominative singular)
veerahët (nominative plural)
veerahën (accusative singular)
veerahët (accusative plural)
veerahën (genitive singular)
veerastën (genitive plural)
veerahidën (genitive plural)
veerasta (partitive singular)
veerahita (partitive plural)
veerahëssa (inessive singular)
veerahëhna (inessive singular)
veerahissa (inessive plural)
veerahihna (inessive plural)
veerahësta (elative singular)
veerahista (elative plural)
veerahësën (illative singular)
veerahisën (illative plural)
veerahëlla (adessive singular)
veerahilla (adessive plural)
veerahëlta (ablative singular)
veerahilta (ablative plural)
veerahëlën (allative singular)
veerahëlëk (allative singular)
veerahilën (allative plural)
veerahilëk (allative plural)
veerassa (essive singular)
veerahina (essive plural)
veerahëksi (singular translative)
veerahiksi (plural translative)
veerahën (instructive singular)
veerahin (instructive plural)
veerassëk (comitative singular)
veerahinëk (comitative plural)
veerahëtta (abessive singular)
veerahitta (abessive plural)

Estonian: võõras

Finnish: vieras

Ingrian: veeras

Karelian: vieras

Livonian: vȭrõz

Livvi: vieras

Ludian: vieraz

Veps: veraz

Võro: võõras

Votic: võõrõz

→ Proto-Samic: *vierēs