katkoidak

katkoi- (stem)
katkoin (first-person present singular)
katkoin (first-person past singular)
katkoigon (first-person optative singular)
katkoit (present second-person singular)
katkoit (past second-person singular)
katkoik (imperative second-person singular)
katkoigos (optative second-person singular)
katkoibi (present singular third-person)
katkoi (present singular third-person)
katkoi (past singular third-person)
katkoigasën (imperative singular third-person)
katkoigosën (optative singular third-person)
katkoikmëk (first-person plural present)
katkoikmak (first-person plural present)
katkoimëk (first-person past plural)
katkoimak (first-person past plural)
katkoigatëmëk (first-person imperative plural)
katkoigatamak (first-person imperative plural)
katkoigotëmëk (first-person optative plural)
katkoigotamak (first-person optative plural)
katkoiktëk (plural present second-person)
katkoiktak (plural present second-person)
katkoidëk (past plural second-person)
katkoidak (past plural second-person)
katkoigatë (imperative plural second-person)
katkoigata (imperative plural second-person)
katkoigot'ëk (optative plural second-person)
katkoigotadak (optative plural second-person)
katkoibat (plural present third-person)
katkoi (plural present third-person)
katkoi (past plural third-person)
katkoigasën (imperative plural third-person)
katkoigosën (optative plural third-person)
katkoiksën (passive present)
katkoit'aksën (passive present)
katkoidisën (passive past)
katkoittisën (passive past)
katkoidakahën (imperative passive)
katkoittakahën (imperative passive)
katkoidakohën (optative passive)
katkoittakohën (optative passive)
katkoik (connegative present)
katkoigak (connegative imperative)
katkoigok (connegative optative)
katkoiktak (connegative passive present)
katkoidagak (connegative imperative passive)
katkoittagak (connegative imperative passive)
katkoidagok (connegative optative passive)
katkoittagok (connegative optative passive)
katkoikcin (conditional conditional-i first-person singular)
katkoicin (conditional conditional-ii first-person singular)
katkoinën (first-person potential singular)
katkoikcit (conditional conditional-i second-person singular)
katkoicit (conditional conditional-ii second-person singular)
katkoinët (potential second-person singular)
katkoikci (conditional conditional-i singular third-person)
katkoici (conditional conditional-ii singular third-person)
katkoini (potential singular third-person)
katkoikcimëk (conditional conditional-i first-person plural)
katkoikcimak (conditional conditional-i first-person plural)
katkoicimëk (conditional conditional-ii first-person plural)
katkoicimak (conditional conditional-ii first-person plural)
katkoinëmëk (first-person plural potential)
katkoinëmak (first-person plural potential)
katkoikcidëk (conditional conditional-i plural second-person)
katkoikcidak (conditional conditional-i plural second-person)
katkoicidëk (conditional conditional-ii plural second-person)
katkoicidak (conditional conditional-ii plural second-person)
katkoinëdëk (plural potential second-person)
katkoinëdak (plural potential second-person)
katkoikci (conditional conditional-i plural third-person)
katkoici (conditional conditional-ii plural third-person)
katkoini (plural potential third-person)
katkoidakcihën (conditional conditional-i passive)
katkoit'akcihën (conditional conditional-i passive)
katkoidicihën (conditional conditional-ii passive)
katkoitticihën (conditional conditional-ii passive)
katkoidanëhën (passive potential)
katkoittanëhën (passive potential)
katkoikcik (conditional conditional-i connegative)
katkoicik (conditional conditional-ii connegative)
katkoinëk (connegative potential)
katkoidakcik (conditional conditional-i connegative passive)
katkoit'akcik (conditional conditional-i connegative passive)
katkoidicik (conditional conditional-ii connegative passive)
katkoitticik (conditional conditional-ii connegative passive)
katkoidanëk (connegative passive potential)
katkoittanëk (connegative passive potential)
katkoidak (conditional conditional-i infinitive infinitive-i)
katkoiba (active participle present)
katkoidapa (participle passive present)
katkoittapa (participle passive present)
katkoidë- (conditional conditional-i infinitive infinitive-ii)
katkoinut (active participle past)
katkoidu (participle passive past)
katkoittu (participle passive past)
katkoima (conditional conditional-i gerund supine)
katkoiminen (conditional conditional-i noun-from-verb)

Estonian: katkuma/katkuda

Finnish: katkoa

Karelian: katkuo

Veps: katkoida

Võro: kakma/kakkuq

Votic: katkoa

*katkë- + *-oidak, from the same stem as *katkët'ak.


punodak

puno- (stem)
punon (first-person present singular)
punoin (first-person past singular)
punogon (first-person optative singular)
punot (present second-person singular)
punoit (past second-person singular)
punok (imperative second-person singular)
punogos (optative second-person singular)
punobi (present singular third-person)
puno (present singular third-person)
punoi (past singular third-person)
punogasën (imperative singular third-person)
punogosën (optative singular third-person)
punokmëk (first-person plural present)
punokmak (first-person plural present)
punoimëk (first-person past plural)
punoimak (first-person past plural)
punogatëmëk (first-person imperative plural)
punogatamak (first-person imperative plural)
punogotëmëk (first-person optative plural)
punogotamak (first-person optative plural)
punoktëk (plural present second-person)
punoktak (plural present second-person)
punoidëk (past plural second-person)
punoidak (past plural second-person)
punogatë (imperative plural second-person)
punogata (imperative plural second-person)
punogot'ëk (optative plural second-person)
punogotadak (optative plural second-person)
punobat (plural present third-person)
puno (plural present third-person)
punoi (past plural third-person)
punogasën (imperative plural third-person)
punogosën (optative plural third-person)
punoksën (passive present)
punot'aksën (passive present)
punodisën (passive past)
punottisën (passive past)
punodakahën (imperative passive)
punottakahën (imperative passive)
punodakohën (optative passive)
punottakohën (optative passive)
punok (connegative present)
punogak (connegative imperative)
punogok (connegative optative)
punoktak (connegative passive present)
punodagak (connegative imperative passive)
punottagak (connegative imperative passive)
punodagok (connegative optative passive)
punottagok (connegative optative passive)
punokcin (conditional conditional-i first-person singular)
punoicin (conditional conditional-ii first-person singular)
punonën (first-person potential singular)
punokcit (conditional conditional-i second-person singular)
punoicit (conditional conditional-ii second-person singular)
punonët (potential second-person singular)
punokci (conditional conditional-i singular third-person)
punoici (conditional conditional-ii singular third-person)
punoni (potential singular third-person)
punokcimëk (conditional conditional-i first-person plural)
punokcimak (conditional conditional-i first-person plural)
punoicimëk (conditional conditional-ii first-person plural)
punoicimak (conditional conditional-ii first-person plural)
punonëmëk (first-person plural potential)
punonëmak (first-person plural potential)
punokcidëk (conditional conditional-i plural second-person)
punokcidak (conditional conditional-i plural second-person)
punoicidëk (conditional conditional-ii plural second-person)
punoicidak (conditional conditional-ii plural second-person)
punonëdëk (plural potential second-person)
punonëdak (plural potential second-person)
punokci (conditional conditional-i plural third-person)
punoici (conditional conditional-ii plural third-person)
punoni (plural potential third-person)
punodakcihën (conditional conditional-i passive)
punot'akcihën (conditional conditional-i passive)
punodicihën (conditional conditional-ii passive)
punotticihën (conditional conditional-ii passive)
punodanëhën (passive potential)
punottanëhën (passive potential)
punokcik (conditional conditional-i connegative)
punoicik (conditional conditional-ii connegative)
punonëk (connegative potential)
punodakcik (conditional conditional-i connegative passive)
punot'akcik (conditional conditional-i connegative passive)
punodicik (conditional conditional-ii connegative passive)
punotticik (conditional conditional-ii connegative passive)
punodanëk (connegative passive potential)
punottanëk (connegative passive potential)
punodak (conditional conditional-i infinitive infinitive-i)
punoba (active participle present)
punodapa (participle passive present)
punottapa (participle passive present)
punodë- (conditional conditional-i infinitive infinitive-ii)
punonut (active participle past)
punodu (participle passive past)
punottu (participle passive past)
punoma (conditional conditional-i gerund supine)
punominen (conditional conditional-i noun-from-verb)

Estonian: punuma/punuda

Finnish: punoa

Ingrian: punnoa

Karelian: punuo

Ludian: punoda

Veps: punoda

Votic: punnoa

From Proto-Uralic *puna- (“to spin, twist”).
Related to Proto-Samic *ponētēk or *pońëtēk.


kutodak

kuto- (stem)
kudon (first-person present singular)
kudoin (first-person past singular)
kutogon (first-person optative singular)
kudot (present second-person singular)
kudoit (past second-person singular)
kudok (imperative second-person singular)
kutogos (optative second-person singular)
kutobi (present singular third-person)
kuto (present singular third-person)
kutoi (past singular third-person)
kutogasën (imperative singular third-person)
kutogosën (optative singular third-person)
kudokmëk (first-person plural present)
kudokmak (first-person plural present)
kutoimëk (first-person past plural)
kutoimak (first-person past plural)
kutogatëmëk (first-person imperative plural)
kutogatamak (first-person imperative plural)
kutogotëmëk (first-person optative plural)
kutogotamak (first-person optative plural)
kudoktëk (plural present second-person)
kudoktak (plural present second-person)
kutoidëk (past plural second-person)
kutoidak (past plural second-person)
kutogatë (imperative plural second-person)
kutogata (imperative plural second-person)
kutogot'ëk (optative plural second-person)
kutogotadak (optative plural second-person)
kutobat (plural present third-person)
kuto (plural present third-person)
kutoi (past plural third-person)
kutogasën (imperative plural third-person)
kutogosën (optative plural third-person)
kudoksën (passive present)
kudot'aksën (passive present)
kutodisën (passive past)
kudottisën (passive past)
kutodakahën (imperative passive)
kudottakahën (imperative passive)
kutodakohën (optative passive)
kudottakohën (optative passive)
kudok (connegative present)
kutogak (connegative imperative)
kutogok (connegative optative)
kudoktak (connegative passive present)
kutodagak (connegative imperative passive)
kudottagak (connegative imperative passive)
kutodagok (connegative optative passive)
kudottagok (connegative optative passive)
kudokcin (conditional conditional-i first-person singular)
kutoicin (conditional conditional-ii first-person singular)
kutonën (first-person potential singular)
kudokcit (conditional conditional-i second-person singular)
kutoicit (conditional conditional-ii second-person singular)
kutonët (potential second-person singular)
kudokci (conditional conditional-i singular third-person)
kutoici (conditional conditional-ii singular third-person)
kutoni (potential singular third-person)
kudokcimëk (conditional conditional-i first-person plural)
kudokcimak (conditional conditional-i first-person plural)
kutoicimëk (conditional conditional-ii first-person plural)
kutoicimak (conditional conditional-ii first-person plural)
kutonëmëk (first-person plural potential)
kutonëmak (first-person plural potential)
kudokcidëk (conditional conditional-i plural second-person)
kudokcidak (conditional conditional-i plural second-person)
kutoicidëk (conditional conditional-ii plural second-person)
kutoicidak (conditional conditional-ii plural second-person)
kutonëdëk (plural potential second-person)
kutonëdak (plural potential second-person)
kudokci (conditional conditional-i plural third-person)
kutoici (conditional conditional-ii plural third-person)
kutoni (plural potential third-person)
kutodakcihën (conditional conditional-i passive)
kudot'akcihën (conditional conditional-i passive)
kutodicihën (conditional conditional-ii passive)
kudotticihën (conditional conditional-ii passive)
kutodanëhën (passive potential)
kudottanëhën (passive potential)
kudokcik (conditional conditional-i connegative)
kutoicik (conditional conditional-ii connegative)
kutonëk (connegative potential)
kutodakcik (conditional conditional-i connegative passive)
kudot'akcik (conditional conditional-i connegative passive)
kutodicik (conditional conditional-ii connegative passive)
kudotticik (conditional conditional-ii connegative passive)
kutodanëk (connegative passive potential)
kudottanëk (connegative passive potential)
kutodak (conditional conditional-i infinitive infinitive-i)
kutoba (active participle present)
kutodapa (participle passive present)
kudottapa (participle passive present)
kutodë- (conditional conditional-i infinitive infinitive-ii)
kutonut (active participle past)
kutodu (participle passive past)
kudottu (participle passive past)
kutoma (conditional conditional-i gerund supine)
kutominen (conditional conditional-i noun-from-verb)

Estonian: kuduma/kududa

Finnish: kutoa

Ingrian: kuttoa

Karelian: kutuo (Northern), kuduo (Southern)

Livonian: ku’ddõ, (Salaca) kudd

Livvi: kuduo

Ludian: kudoda

Veps: kudoda

Võro: kudama/kutaq

Votic: kuttoa

From earlier *kuta- + *-odak, from Proto-Finno-Permic *kuδa-, possibly borrowed from an early IE language in which it continues Proto-Indo-European *h₂ew-dʰ-, an extension of *h₂ew- (“to braid, to weave”). Uralic cognates include Proto-Samic *koδētēk, Proto-Mordvinic *kodams and Proto-Permic *ku̇ni.


takodak

tako- (stem)
tagon (first-person present singular)
tagoin (first-person past singular)
takogon (first-person optative singular)
tagot (present second-person singular)
tagoit (past second-person singular)
tagok (imperative second-person singular)
takogos (optative second-person singular)
takobi (present singular third-person)
tako (present singular third-person)
takoi (past singular third-person)
takogasën (imperative singular third-person)
takogosën (optative singular third-person)
tagokmëk (first-person plural present)
tagokmak (first-person plural present)
takoimëk (first-person past plural)
takoimak (first-person past plural)
takogatëmëk (first-person imperative plural)
takogatamak (first-person imperative plural)
takogotëmëk (first-person optative plural)
takogotamak (first-person optative plural)
tagoktëk (plural present second-person)
tagoktak (plural present second-person)
takoidëk (past plural second-person)
takoidak (past plural second-person)
takogatë (imperative plural second-person)
takogata (imperative plural second-person)
takogot'ëk (optative plural second-person)
takogotadak (optative plural second-person)
takobat (plural present third-person)
tako (plural present third-person)
takoi (past plural third-person)
takogasën (imperative plural third-person)
takogosën (optative plural third-person)
tagoksën (passive present)
tagot'aksën (passive present)
takodisën (passive past)
tagottisën (passive past)
takodakahën (imperative passive)
tagottakahën (imperative passive)
takodakohën (optative passive)
tagottakohën (optative passive)
tagok (connegative present)
takogak (connegative imperative)
takogok (connegative optative)
tagoktak (connegative passive present)
takodagak (connegative imperative passive)
tagottagak (connegative imperative passive)
takodagok (connegative optative passive)
tagottagok (connegative optative passive)
tagokcin (conditional conditional-i first-person singular)
takoicin (conditional conditional-ii first-person singular)
takonën (first-person potential singular)
tagokcit (conditional conditional-i second-person singular)
takoicit (conditional conditional-ii second-person singular)
takonët (potential second-person singular)
tagokci (conditional conditional-i singular third-person)
takoici (conditional conditional-ii singular third-person)
takoni (potential singular third-person)
tagokcimëk (conditional conditional-i first-person plural)
tagokcimak (conditional conditional-i first-person plural)
takoicimëk (conditional conditional-ii first-person plural)
takoicimak (conditional conditional-ii first-person plural)
takonëmëk (first-person plural potential)
takonëmak (first-person plural potential)
tagokcidëk (conditional conditional-i plural second-person)
tagokcidak (conditional conditional-i plural second-person)
takoicidëk (conditional conditional-ii plural second-person)
takoicidak (conditional conditional-ii plural second-person)
takonëdëk (plural potential second-person)
takonëdak (plural potential second-person)
tagokci (conditional conditional-i plural third-person)
takoici (conditional conditional-ii plural third-person)
takoni (plural potential third-person)
takodakcihën (conditional conditional-i passive)
tagot'akcihën (conditional conditional-i passive)
takodicihën (conditional conditional-ii passive)
tagotticihën (conditional conditional-ii passive)
takodanëhën (passive potential)
tagottanëhën (passive potential)
tagokcik (conditional conditional-i connegative)
takoicik (conditional conditional-ii connegative)
takonëk (connegative potential)
takodakcik (conditional conditional-i connegative passive)
tagot'akcik (conditional conditional-i connegative passive)
takodicik (conditional conditional-ii connegative passive)
tagotticik (conditional conditional-ii connegative passive)
takodanëk (connegative passive potential)
tagottanëk (connegative passive potential)
takodak (conditional conditional-i infinitive infinitive-i)
takoba (active participle present)
takodapa (participle passive present)
tagottapa (participle passive present)
takodë- (conditional conditional-i infinitive infinitive-ii)
takonut (active participle past)
takodu (participle passive past)
tagottu (participle passive past)
takoma (conditional conditional-i gerund supine)
takominen (conditional conditional-i noun-from-verb)

Estonian: taguma/taguda

Finnish: takoa

→ Northern Sami: dáhkut

Ingrian: takkoa

Karelian: takuo

Livonian: ta’ggõ

Livvi: taguo

Ludian: tagoda

Veps: tagoda

Votic: takkoa


toivodak

toivo- (stem)
toivon (first-person present singular)
toivoin (first-person past singular)
toivogon (first-person optative singular)
toivot (present second-person singular)
toivoit (past second-person singular)
toivok (imperative second-person singular)
toivogos (optative second-person singular)
toivobi (present singular third-person)
toivo (present singular third-person)
toivoi (past singular third-person)
toivogasën (imperative singular third-person)
toivogosën (optative singular third-person)
toivokmëk (first-person plural present)
toivokmak (first-person plural present)
toivoimëk (first-person past plural)
toivoimak (first-person past plural)
toivogatëmëk (first-person imperative plural)
toivogatamak (first-person imperative plural)
toivogotëmëk (first-person optative plural)
toivogotamak (first-person optative plural)
toivoktëk (plural present second-person)
toivoktak (plural present second-person)
toivoidëk (past plural second-person)
toivoidak (past plural second-person)
toivogatë (imperative plural second-person)
toivogata (imperative plural second-person)
toivogot'ëk (optative plural second-person)
toivogotadak (optative plural second-person)
toivobat (plural present third-person)
toivo (plural present third-person)
toivoi (past plural third-person)
toivogasën (imperative plural third-person)
toivogosën (optative plural third-person)
toivoksën (passive present)
toivot'aksën (passive present)
toivodisën (passive past)
toivottisën (passive past)
toivodakahën (imperative passive)
toivottakahën (imperative passive)
toivodakohën (optative passive)
toivottakohën (optative passive)
toivok (connegative present)
toivogak (connegative imperative)
toivogok (connegative optative)
toivoktak (connegative passive present)
toivodagak (connegative imperative passive)
toivottagak (connegative imperative passive)
toivodagok (connegative optative passive)
toivottagok (connegative optative passive)
toivokcin (conditional conditional-i first-person singular)
toivoicin (conditional conditional-ii first-person singular)
toivonën (first-person potential singular)
toivokcit (conditional conditional-i second-person singular)
toivoicit (conditional conditional-ii second-person singular)
toivonët (potential second-person singular)
toivokci (conditional conditional-i singular third-person)
toivoici (conditional conditional-ii singular third-person)
toivoni (potential singular third-person)
toivokcimëk (conditional conditional-i first-person plural)
toivokcimak (conditional conditional-i first-person plural)
toivoicimëk (conditional conditional-ii first-person plural)
toivoicimak (conditional conditional-ii first-person plural)
toivonëmëk (first-person plural potential)
toivonëmak (first-person plural potential)
toivokcidëk (conditional conditional-i plural second-person)
toivokcidak (conditional conditional-i plural second-person)
toivoicidëk (conditional conditional-ii plural second-person)
toivoicidak (conditional conditional-ii plural second-person)
toivonëdëk (plural potential second-person)
toivonëdak (plural potential second-person)
toivokci (conditional conditional-i plural third-person)
toivoici (conditional conditional-ii plural third-person)
toivoni (plural potential third-person)
toivodakcihën (conditional conditional-i passive)
toivot'akcihën (conditional conditional-i passive)
toivodicihën (conditional conditional-ii passive)
toivotticihën (conditional conditional-ii passive)
toivodanëhën (passive potential)
toivottanëhën (passive potential)
toivokcik (conditional conditional-i connegative)
toivoicik (conditional conditional-ii connegative)
toivonëk (connegative potential)
toivodakcik (conditional conditional-i connegative passive)
toivot'akcik (conditional conditional-i connegative passive)
toivodicik (conditional conditional-ii connegative passive)
toivotticik (conditional conditional-ii connegative passive)
toivodanëk (connegative passive potential)
toivottanëk (connegative passive potential)
toivodak (conditional conditional-i infinitive infinitive-i)
toivoba (active participle present)
toivodapa (participle passive present)
toivottapa (participle passive present)
toivodë- (conditional conditional-i infinitive infinitive-ii)
toivonut (active participle past)
toivodu (participle passive past)
toivottu (participle passive past)
toivoma (conditional conditional-i gerund supine)
toivominen (conditional conditional-i noun-from-verb)

Finnish: toivoa

Ingrian: toivoa (< *toivoidak)

→ Votic: toivoa

Karelian:

North Karelian: toivuo

South Karelian: toivuo

Livvi: toivuo

Veps: toivoda

Votic: (Mati) tõivoa

Unknown. Related to Proto-Samic *toajvōtēk.
Koivulehto (2003) has proposed that the word is an Indo-Iranian borrowing (and akin to Sanskrit दैव (daiva, “divine”)).


nëuvodak

nëuvo- (stem)
nëuvon (first-person present singular)
nëuvoin (first-person past singular)
nëuvogon (first-person optative singular)
nëuvot (present second-person singular)
nëuvoit (past second-person singular)
nëuvok (imperative second-person singular)
nëuvogos (optative second-person singular)
nëuvobi (present singular third-person)
nëuvo (present singular third-person)
nëuvoi (past singular third-person)
nëuvogasën (imperative singular third-person)
nëuvogosën (optative singular third-person)
nëuvokmëk (first-person plural present)
nëuvokmak (first-person plural present)
nëuvoimëk (first-person past plural)
nëuvoimak (first-person past plural)
nëuvogatëmëk (first-person imperative plural)
nëuvogatamak (first-person imperative plural)
nëuvogotëmëk (first-person optative plural)
nëuvogotamak (first-person optative plural)
nëuvoktëk (plural present second-person)
nëuvoktak (plural present second-person)
nëuvoidëk (past plural second-person)
nëuvoidak (past plural second-person)
nëuvogatë (imperative plural second-person)
nëuvogata (imperative plural second-person)
nëuvogot'ëk (optative plural second-person)
nëuvogotadak (optative plural second-person)
nëuvobat (plural present third-person)
nëuvo (plural present third-person)
nëuvoi (past plural third-person)
nëuvogasën (imperative plural third-person)
nëuvogosën (optative plural third-person)
nëuvoksën (passive present)
nëuvot'aksën (passive present)
nëuvodisën (passive past)
nëuvottisën (passive past)
nëuvodakahën (imperative passive)
nëuvottakahën (imperative passive)
nëuvodakohën (optative passive)
nëuvottakohën (optative passive)
nëuvok (connegative present)
nëuvogak (connegative imperative)
nëuvogok (connegative optative)
nëuvoktak (connegative passive present)
nëuvodagak (connegative imperative passive)
nëuvottagak (connegative imperative passive)
nëuvodagok (connegative optative passive)
nëuvottagok (connegative optative passive)
nëuvokcin (conditional conditional-i first-person singular)
nëuvoicin (conditional conditional-ii first-person singular)
nëuvonën (first-person potential singular)
nëuvokcit (conditional conditional-i second-person singular)
nëuvoicit (conditional conditional-ii second-person singular)
nëuvonët (potential second-person singular)
nëuvokci (conditional conditional-i singular third-person)
nëuvoici (conditional conditional-ii singular third-person)
nëuvoni (potential singular third-person)
nëuvokcimëk (conditional conditional-i first-person plural)
nëuvokcimak (conditional conditional-i first-person plural)
nëuvoicimëk (conditional conditional-ii first-person plural)
nëuvoicimak (conditional conditional-ii first-person plural)
nëuvonëmëk (first-person plural potential)
nëuvonëmak (first-person plural potential)
nëuvokcidëk (conditional conditional-i plural second-person)
nëuvokcidak (conditional conditional-i plural second-person)
nëuvoicidëk (conditional conditional-ii plural second-person)
nëuvoicidak (conditional conditional-ii plural second-person)
nëuvonëdëk (plural potential second-person)
nëuvonëdak (plural potential second-person)
nëuvokci (conditional conditional-i plural third-person)
nëuvoici (conditional conditional-ii plural third-person)
nëuvoni (plural potential third-person)
nëuvodakcihën (conditional conditional-i passive)
nëuvot'akcihën (conditional conditional-i passive)
nëuvodicihën (conditional conditional-ii passive)
nëuvotticihën (conditional conditional-ii passive)
nëuvodanëhën (passive potential)
nëuvottanëhën (passive potential)
nëuvokcik (conditional conditional-i connegative)
nëuvoicik (conditional conditional-ii connegative)
nëuvonëk (connegative potential)
nëuvodakcik (conditional conditional-i connegative passive)
nëuvot'akcik (conditional conditional-i connegative passive)
nëuvodicik (conditional conditional-ii connegative passive)
nëuvotticik (conditional conditional-ii connegative passive)
nëuvodanëk (connegative passive potential)
nëuvottanëk (connegative passive potential)
nëuvodak (conditional conditional-i infinitive infinitive-i)
nëuvoba (active participle present)
nëuvodapa (participle passive present)
nëuvottapa (participle passive present)
nëuvodë- (conditional conditional-i infinitive infinitive-ii)
nëuvonut (active participle past)
nëuvodu (participle passive past)
nëuvottu (participle passive past)
nëuvoma (conditional conditional-i gerund supine)
nëuvominen (conditional conditional-i noun-from-verb)

Finnish: neuvoa

→ Inari Sami: neävvuđ

→ Northern Sami: neavvut

Ingrian: nevvoa

Karelian:

North Karelian: neuvuo

South Karelian: neuvuo

Livvi: nevvuo

Ludian: nevvoda

Veps: nevoda

Votic: nõvvoa


vitodak

vito- (stem)
vidon (first-person present singular)
vidoin (first-person past singular)
vitogon (first-person optative singular)
vidot (present second-person singular)
vidoit (past second-person singular)
vidok (imperative second-person singular)
vitogos (optative second-person singular)
vitobi (present singular third-person)
vito (present singular third-person)
vitoi (past singular third-person)
vitogasën (imperative singular third-person)
vitogosën (optative singular third-person)
vidokmëk (first-person plural present)
vidokmak (first-person plural present)
vitoimëk (first-person past plural)
vitoimak (first-person past plural)
vitogatëmëk (first-person imperative plural)
vitogatamak (first-person imperative plural)
vitogotëmëk (first-person optative plural)
vitogotamak (first-person optative plural)
vidoktëk (plural present second-person)
vidoktak (plural present second-person)
vitoidëk (past plural second-person)
vitoidak (past plural second-person)
vitogatë (imperative plural second-person)
vitogata (imperative plural second-person)
vitogot'ëk (optative plural second-person)
vitogotadak (optative plural second-person)
vitobat (plural present third-person)
vito (plural present third-person)
vitoi (past plural third-person)
vitogasën (imperative plural third-person)
vitogosën (optative plural third-person)
vidoksën (passive present)
vidot'aksën (passive present)
vitodisën (passive past)
vidottisën (passive past)
vitodakahën (imperative passive)
vidottakahën (imperative passive)
vitodakohën (optative passive)
vidottakohën (optative passive)
vidok (connegative present)
vitogak (connegative imperative)
vitogok (connegative optative)
vidoktak (connegative passive present)
vitodagak (connegative imperative passive)
vidottagak (connegative imperative passive)
vitodagok (connegative optative passive)
vidottagok (connegative optative passive)
vidokcin (conditional conditional-i first-person singular)
vitoicin (conditional conditional-ii first-person singular)
vitonën (first-person potential singular)
vidokcit (conditional conditional-i second-person singular)
vitoicit (conditional conditional-ii second-person singular)
vitonët (potential second-person singular)
vidokci (conditional conditional-i singular third-person)
vitoici (conditional conditional-ii singular third-person)
vitoni (potential singular third-person)
vidokcimëk (conditional conditional-i first-person plural)
vidokcimak (conditional conditional-i first-person plural)
vitoicimëk (conditional conditional-ii first-person plural)
vitoicimak (conditional conditional-ii first-person plural)
vitonëmëk (first-person plural potential)
vitonëmak (first-person plural potential)
vidokcidëk (conditional conditional-i plural second-person)
vidokcidak (conditional conditional-i plural second-person)
vitoicidëk (conditional conditional-ii plural second-person)
vitoicidak (conditional conditional-ii plural second-person)
vitonëdëk (plural potential second-person)
vitonëdak (plural potential second-person)
vidokci (conditional conditional-i plural third-person)
vitoici (conditional conditional-ii plural third-person)
vitoni (plural potential third-person)
vitodakcihën (conditional conditional-i passive)
vidot'akcihën (conditional conditional-i passive)
vitodicihën (conditional conditional-ii passive)
vidotticihën (conditional conditional-ii passive)
vitodanëhën (passive potential)
vidottanëhën (passive potential)
vidokcik (conditional conditional-i connegative)
vitoicik (conditional conditional-ii connegative)
vitonëk (connegative potential)
vitodakcik (conditional conditional-i connegative passive)
vidot'akcik (conditional conditional-i connegative passive)
vitodicik (conditional conditional-ii connegative passive)
vidotticik (conditional conditional-ii connegative passive)
vitodanëk (connegative passive potential)
vidottanëk (connegative passive potential)
vitodak (conditional conditional-i infinitive infinitive-i)
vitoba (active participle present)
vitodapa (participle passive present)
vidottapa (participle passive present)
vitodë- (conditional conditional-i infinitive infinitive-ii)
vitonut (active participle past)
vitodu (participle passive past)
vidottu (participle passive past)
vitoma (conditional conditional-i gerund supine)
vitominen (conditional conditional-i noun-from-verb)

Finnish: vitoa

Ingrian: vittoa

→ Votic: vittoa

Karelian: vituo

Veps: vidoda

From Proto-Uralic *wiča-(w-). Related to Proto-Samic *vëcōtēk.


uskodak

usko- (stem)
uskon (first-person present singular)
uskoin (first-person past singular)
uskogon (first-person optative singular)
uskot (present second-person singular)
uskoit (past second-person singular)
uskok (imperative second-person singular)
uskogos (optative second-person singular)
uskobi (present singular third-person)
usko (present singular third-person)
uskoi (past singular third-person)
uskogasën (imperative singular third-person)
uskogosën (optative singular third-person)
uskokmëk (first-person plural present)
uskokmak (first-person plural present)
uskoimëk (first-person past plural)
uskoimak (first-person past plural)
uskogatëmëk (first-person imperative plural)
uskogatamak (first-person imperative plural)
uskogotëmëk (first-person optative plural)
uskogotamak (first-person optative plural)
uskoktëk (plural present second-person)
uskoktak (plural present second-person)
uskoidëk (past plural second-person)
uskoidak (past plural second-person)
uskogatë (imperative plural second-person)
uskogata (imperative plural second-person)
uskogot'ëk (optative plural second-person)
uskogotadak (optative plural second-person)
uskobat (plural present third-person)
usko (plural present third-person)
uskoi (past plural third-person)
uskogasën (imperative plural third-person)
uskogosën (optative plural third-person)
uskoksën (passive present)
uskot'aksën (passive present)
uskodisën (passive past)
uskottisën (passive past)
uskodakahën (imperative passive)
uskottakahën (imperative passive)
uskodakohën (optative passive)
uskottakohën (optative passive)
uskok (connegative present)
uskogak (connegative imperative)
uskogok (connegative optative)
uskoktak (connegative passive present)
uskodagak (connegative imperative passive)
uskottagak (connegative imperative passive)
uskodagok (connegative optative passive)
uskottagok (connegative optative passive)
uskokcin (conditional conditional-i first-person singular)
uskoicin (conditional conditional-ii first-person singular)
uskonën (first-person potential singular)
uskokcit (conditional conditional-i second-person singular)
uskoicit (conditional conditional-ii second-person singular)
uskonët (potential second-person singular)
uskokci (conditional conditional-i singular third-person)
uskoici (conditional conditional-ii singular third-person)
uskoni (potential singular third-person)
uskokcimëk (conditional conditional-i first-person plural)
uskokcimak (conditional conditional-i first-person plural)
uskoicimëk (conditional conditional-ii first-person plural)
uskoicimak (conditional conditional-ii first-person plural)
uskonëmëk (first-person plural potential)
uskonëmak (first-person plural potential)
uskokcidëk (conditional conditional-i plural second-person)
uskokcidak (conditional conditional-i plural second-person)
uskoicidëk (conditional conditional-ii plural second-person)
uskoicidak (conditional conditional-ii plural second-person)
uskonëdëk (plural potential second-person)
uskonëdak (plural potential second-person)
uskokci (conditional conditional-i plural third-person)
uskoici (conditional conditional-ii plural third-person)
uskoni (plural potential third-person)
uskodakcihën (conditional conditional-i passive)
uskot'akcihën (conditional conditional-i passive)
uskodicihën (conditional conditional-ii passive)
uskotticihën (conditional conditional-ii passive)
uskodanëhën (passive potential)
uskottanëhën (passive potential)
uskokcik (conditional conditional-i connegative)
uskoicik (conditional conditional-ii connegative)
uskonëk (connegative potential)
uskodakcik (conditional conditional-i connegative passive)
uskot'akcik (conditional conditional-i connegative passive)
uskodicik (conditional conditional-ii connegative passive)
uskotticik (conditional conditional-ii connegative passive)
uskodanëk (connegative passive potential)
uskottanëk (connegative passive potential)
uskodak (conditional conditional-i infinitive infinitive-i)
uskoba (active participle present)
uskodapa (participle passive present)
uskottapa (participle passive present)
uskodë- (conditional conditional-i infinitive infinitive-ii)
uskonut (active participle past)
uskodu (participle passive past)
uskottu (participle passive past)
uskoma (conditional conditional-i gerund supine)
uskominen (conditional conditional-i noun-from-verb)

Estonian: uskuma/uskuda

Finnish: uskoa

Ingrian: uskoa

Karelian:

North Karelian: uskuo

South Karelian: uskuo

Livonian: (Courland) uskõ, (Salaca) usk

Livvi: uskuo

Ludian: uskoda

Veps: uskta

Võro: uskma/uskuq

Votic: uskoa

Probably borrowed from Proto-Germanic *wunskijaną. From the same source as Proto-Samic *oskōtēk. Alternatively related to Proto-Permic *ɛskini and Eastern Khanty [Term?], both from Proto-Finno-Ugric *iske, but the initial vowel is problematic.


sööttädäk

sööttä- (stem)
sööt'än (first-person present singular)
sööt'ein (first-person past singular)
sööttägon (first-person optative singular)
sööt'ät (present second-person singular)
sööt'eit (past second-person singular)
sööt'äk (imperative second-person singular)
sööttägos (optative second-person singular)
sööttäbi (present singular third-person)
sööttä (present singular third-person)
sööttei (past singular third-person)
sööttägäsen (imperative singular third-person)
sööttägosen (optative singular third-person)
sööt'äkmek (first-person plural present)
sööt'äkmäk (first-person plural present)
söötteimek (first-person past plural)
söötteimäk (first-person past plural)
sööttägätemek (first-person imperative plural)
sööttägätämäk (first-person imperative plural)
sööttägotemek (first-person optative plural)
sööttägotämäk (first-person optative plural)
sööt'äktek (plural present second-person)
sööt'äktäk (plural present second-person)
söötteidek (past plural second-person)
söötteidäk (past plural second-person)
sööttägäte (imperative plural second-person)
sööttägätä (imperative plural second-person)
sööttägot'ek (optative plural second-person)
sööttägotädäk (optative plural second-person)
sööttäbät (plural present third-person)
sööttä (plural present third-person)
sööttei (past plural third-person)
sööttägäsen (imperative plural third-person)
sööttägosen (optative plural third-person)
sööt'äksen (passive present)
sööt'ät'äksen (passive present)
sööttädisen (passive past)
sööt'ättisen (passive past)
sööttädäkähen (imperative passive)
sööt'ättäkähen (imperative passive)
sööttädäkohen (optative passive)
sööt'ättäkohen (optative passive)
sööt'äk (connegative present)
sööttägäk (connegative imperative)
sööttägok (connegative optative)
sööt'äktäk (connegative passive present)
sööttädägäk (connegative imperative passive)
sööt'ättägäk (connegative imperative passive)
sööttädägok (connegative optative passive)
sööt'ättägok (connegative optative passive)
sööt'äkcin (conditional conditional-i first-person singular)
söötteicin (conditional conditional-ii first-person singular)
sööttänen (first-person potential singular)
sööt'äkcit (conditional conditional-i second-person singular)
söötteicit (conditional conditional-ii second-person singular)
sööttänet (potential second-person singular)
sööt'äkci (conditional conditional-i singular third-person)
söötteici (conditional conditional-ii singular third-person)
sööttäni (potential singular third-person)
sööt'äkcimek (conditional conditional-i first-person plural)
sööt'äkcimäk (conditional conditional-i first-person plural)
söötteicimek (conditional conditional-ii first-person plural)
söötteicimäk (conditional conditional-ii first-person plural)
sööttänemek (first-person plural potential)
sööttänemäk (first-person plural potential)
sööt'äkcidek (conditional conditional-i plural second-person)
sööt'äkcidäk (conditional conditional-i plural second-person)
söötteicidek (conditional conditional-ii plural second-person)
söötteicidäk (conditional conditional-ii plural second-person)
sööttänedek (plural potential second-person)
sööttänedäk (plural potential second-person)
sööt'äkci (conditional conditional-i plural third-person)
söötteici (conditional conditional-ii plural third-person)
sööttäni (plural potential third-person)
sööttädäkcihen (conditional conditional-i passive)
sööt'ät'äkcihen (conditional conditional-i passive)
sööttädicihen (conditional conditional-ii passive)
sööt'ätticihen (conditional conditional-ii passive)
sööttädänehen (passive potential)
sööt'ättänehen (passive potential)
sööt'äkcik (conditional conditional-i connegative)
söötteicik (conditional conditional-ii connegative)
sööttänek (connegative potential)
sööttädäkcik (conditional conditional-i connegative passive)
sööt'ät'äkcik (conditional conditional-i connegative passive)
sööttädicik (conditional conditional-ii connegative passive)
sööt'ätticik (conditional conditional-ii connegative passive)
sööttädänek (connegative passive potential)
sööt'ättänek (connegative passive potential)
sööttädäk (conditional conditional-i infinitive infinitive-i)
sööttäbä (active participle present)
sööttädäpä (participle passive present)
sööt'ättäpä (participle passive present)
sööttäde- (conditional conditional-i infinitive infinitive-ii)
sööttänüt (active participle past)
sööttädü (participle passive past)
sööt'ättü (participle passive past)
sööttämä (conditional conditional-i gerund supine)
sööttäminen (conditional conditional-i noun-from-verb)

Estonian: söötma/sööta

Finnish: syöttää

Ingrian: sööttää

Karelian:

North Karelian: šyöttyä

South Karelian: šyöttiä

Livonian: sīetõ

Livvi: syöttiä

Ludian: šyöttädä

Veps: sötta

Võro: süütmä/süütäq

Votic: süüttä


up'ot'ak

uppoda- (stem)
uppodan (first-person present singular)
uppocin (first-person past singular)
up'otkon (first-person optative singular)
uppodat (present second-person singular)
uppocit (past second-person singular)
uppodak (imperative second-person singular)
up'otkos (optative second-person singular)
uppodapi (present singular third-person)
up'ot (present singular third-person)
uppoci (past singular third-person)
up'otkasën (imperative singular third-person)
up'otkosën (optative singular third-person)
uppodakmëk (first-person plural present)
uppodakmak (first-person plural present)
uppocimëk (first-person past plural)
uppocimak (first-person past plural)
up'otkatëmëk (first-person imperative plural)
up'otkatamak (first-person imperative plural)
up'otkotëmëk (first-person optative plural)
up'otkotamak (first-person optative plural)
uppodaktëk (plural present second-person)
uppodaktak (plural present second-person)
uppocidëk (past plural second-person)
uppocidak (past plural second-person)
up'otkatë (imperative plural second-person)
up'otkata (imperative plural second-person)
up'otkot'ëk (optative plural second-person)
up'otkotadak (optative plural second-person)
uppodabat (plural present third-person)
up'ot (plural present third-person)
uppoci (past plural third-person)
up'otkasën (imperative plural third-person)
up'otkosën (optative plural third-person)
uppodaksën (passive present)
uppodat'aksën (passive present)
up'ottisën (passive past)
uppodattihën (passive past)
up'ottakahën (imperative passive)
uppodattagasën (imperative passive)
up'ottakohën (optative passive)
uppodattagosën (optative passive)
uppodak (connegative present)
up'otkak (connegative imperative)
up'otkok (connegative optative)
uppodaktak (connegative passive present)
up'ottagak (connegative imperative passive)
uppodattagak (connegative imperative passive)
up'ottagok (connegative optative passive)
uppodattagok (connegative optative passive)
uppodakcin (conditional conditional-i first-person singular)
uppocicin (conditional conditional-ii first-person singular)
up'onnën (first-person potential singular)
uppodakcit (conditional conditional-i second-person singular)
uppocicit (conditional conditional-ii second-person singular)
up'onnët (potential second-person singular)
uppodakci (conditional conditional-i singular third-person)
uppocici (conditional conditional-ii singular third-person)
up'onni (potential singular third-person)
uppodakcimëk (conditional conditional-i first-person plural)
uppodakcimak (conditional conditional-i first-person plural)
uppocicimëk (conditional conditional-ii first-person plural)
uppocicimak (conditional conditional-ii first-person plural)
up'onnëmëk (first-person plural potential)
up'onnëmak (first-person plural potential)
uppodakcidëk (conditional conditional-i plural second-person)
uppodakcidak (conditional conditional-i plural second-person)
uppocicidëk (conditional conditional-ii plural second-person)
uppocicidak (conditional conditional-ii plural second-person)
up'onnëdëk (plural potential second-person)
up'onnëdak (plural potential second-person)
uppodakci (conditional conditional-i plural third-person)
uppocici (conditional conditional-ii plural third-person)
up'onni (plural potential third-person)
up'ot'akcihën (conditional conditional-i passive)
uppodat'akcisën (conditional conditional-i passive)
up'otticihën (conditional conditional-ii passive)
uppodatticisën (conditional conditional-ii passive)
up'ottanëhën (passive potential)
uppodattanësën (passive potential)
uppodakcik (conditional conditional-i connegative)
uppocicik (conditional conditional-ii connegative)
up'onnëk (connegative potential)
up'ot'akcik (conditional conditional-i connegative passive)
uppodat'akcik (conditional conditional-i connegative passive)
up'otticik (conditional conditional-ii connegative passive)
uppodatticik (conditional conditional-ii connegative passive)
up'ottanëk (connegative passive potential)
uppodattanëk (connegative passive potential)
up'ot'ak (conditional conditional-i infinitive infinitive-i)
uppodapa (active participle present)
up'ottapa (participle passive present)
uppodattaba (participle passive present)
up'ottë- (conditional conditional-i infinitive infinitive-ii)
up'onnut (active participle past)
up'ottu (participle passive past)
uppodattu (participle passive past)
uppodama (conditional conditional-i gerund supine)
uppodaminen (conditional conditional-i noun-from-verb)

Estonian: uppuma/uppuda

Finnish: upota

Ingrian: upota

Karelian:

North Karelian: upota

South Karelian: upota

Livonian: ⇒ upāndõ

Livvi: upota

Ludian: upota

Veps: upota

Võro: uppuma/uppudaq

Votic: upotõ

Probably from Proto-Finno-Permic *uppa/*wuppa (“suffocating”) (whence Erzya опамомс (opamoms, “to suffocate”)) with semantic development "to suffocate" > "to drown" > "to sink", with the suffix *-ot'ak. The sense "to suffocate" survives in Karelian upehtuo and Veps upehtuda.


voitadak

voita- (stem)
voidan (first-person present singular)
voidëin (first-person past singular)
voitagon (first-person optative singular)
voidat (present second-person singular)
voidëit (past second-person singular)
voidak (imperative second-person singular)
voitagos (optative second-person singular)
voitabi (present singular third-person)
voita (present singular third-person)
voitëi (past singular third-person)
voitagasën (imperative singular third-person)
voitagosën (optative singular third-person)
voidakmëk (first-person plural present)
voidakmak (first-person plural present)
voitëimëk (first-person past plural)
voitëimak (first-person past plural)
voitagatëmëk (first-person imperative plural)
voitagatamak (first-person imperative plural)
voitagotëmëk (first-person optative plural)
voitagotamak (first-person optative plural)
voidaktëk (plural present second-person)
voidaktak (plural present second-person)
voitëidëk (past plural second-person)
voitëidak (past plural second-person)
voitagatë (imperative plural second-person)
voitagata (imperative plural second-person)
voitagot'ëk (optative plural second-person)
voitagotadak (optative plural second-person)
voitabat (plural present third-person)
voita (plural present third-person)
voitëi (past plural third-person)
voitagasën (imperative plural third-person)
voitagosën (optative plural third-person)
voidaksën (passive present)
voidat'aksën (passive present)
voitadisën (passive past)
voidattisën (passive past)
voitadakahën (imperative passive)
voidattakahën (imperative passive)
voitadakohën (optative passive)
voidattakohën (optative passive)
voidak (connegative present)
voitagak (connegative imperative)
voitagok (connegative optative)
voidaktak (connegative passive present)
voitadagak (connegative imperative passive)
voidattagak (connegative imperative passive)
voitadagok (connegative optative passive)
voidattagok (connegative optative passive)
voidakcin (conditional conditional-i first-person singular)
voitëicin (conditional conditional-ii first-person singular)
voitanën (first-person potential singular)
voidakcit (conditional conditional-i second-person singular)
voitëicit (conditional conditional-ii second-person singular)
voitanët (potential second-person singular)
voidakci (conditional conditional-i singular third-person)
voitëici (conditional conditional-ii singular third-person)
voitani (potential singular third-person)
voidakcimëk (conditional conditional-i first-person plural)
voidakcimak (conditional conditional-i first-person plural)
voitëicimëk (conditional conditional-ii first-person plural)
voitëicimak (conditional conditional-ii first-person plural)
voitanëmëk (first-person plural potential)
voitanëmak (first-person plural potential)
voidakcidëk (conditional conditional-i plural second-person)
voidakcidak (conditional conditional-i plural second-person)
voitëicidëk (conditional conditional-ii plural second-person)
voitëicidak (conditional conditional-ii plural second-person)
voitanëdëk (plural potential second-person)
voitanëdak (plural potential second-person)
voidakci (conditional conditional-i plural third-person)
voitëici (conditional conditional-ii plural third-person)
voitani (plural potential third-person)
voitadakcihën (conditional conditional-i passive)
voidat'akcihën (conditional conditional-i passive)
voitadicihën (conditional conditional-ii passive)
voidatticihën (conditional conditional-ii passive)
voitadanëhën (passive potential)
voidattanëhën (passive potential)
voidakcik (conditional conditional-i connegative)
voitëicik (conditional conditional-ii connegative)
voitanëk (connegative potential)
voitadakcik (conditional conditional-i connegative passive)
voidat'akcik (conditional conditional-i connegative passive)
voitadicik (conditional conditional-ii connegative passive)
voidatticik (conditional conditional-ii connegative passive)
voitadanëk (connegative passive potential)
voidattanëk (connegative passive potential)
voitadak (conditional conditional-i infinitive infinitive-i)
voitaba (active participle present)
voitadapa (participle passive present)
voidattapa (participle passive present)
voitadë- (conditional conditional-i infinitive infinitive-ii)
voitanut (active participle past)
voitadu (participle passive past)
voidattu (participle passive past)
voitama (conditional conditional-i gerund supine)
voitaminen (conditional conditional-i noun-from-verb)

Estonian: võidma/võida

Finnish: voitaa (obsolete)

Ingrian: voitaa

Karelian: voitoa

Ludian: voita

Veps: voita

Võro: võidma/võidaq

Votic: võita

From *voi + *-tadak. Cognate to Proto-Samic *vuojtëtēk.


kirjoittadak

kirjoitta- (stem)
kirjoit'an (first-person present singular)
kirjoit'ëin (first-person past singular)
kirjoittagon (first-person optative singular)
kirjoit'at (present second-person singular)
kirjoit'ëit (past second-person singular)
kirjoit'ak (imperative second-person singular)
kirjoittagos (optative second-person singular)
kirjoittapi (present singular third-person)
kirjoitta (present singular third-person)
kirjoittëi (past singular third-person)
kirjoittakahën (imperative singular third-person)
kirjoittakohën (optative singular third-person)
kirjoit'akmëk (first-person plural present)
kirjoit'akmak (first-person plural present)
kirjoittëimëk (first-person past plural)
kirjoittëimak (first-person past plural)
kirjoittakadëmëk (first-person imperative plural)
kirjoittakadamak (first-person imperative plural)
kirjoittakodëmëk (first-person optative plural)
kirjoittakodamak (first-person optative plural)
kirjoit'aktëk (plural present second-person)
kirjoit'aktak (plural present second-person)
kirjoittëidëk (past plural second-person)
kirjoittëidak (past plural second-person)
kirjoittakadë (imperative plural second-person)
kirjoittakada (imperative plural second-person)
kirjoittagot'ëk (optative plural second-person)
kirjoittakodadak (optative plural second-person)
kirjoittabat (plural present third-person)
kirjoitta (plural present third-person)
kirjoittëi (past plural third-person)
kirjoittakahën (imperative plural third-person)
kirjoittakohën (optative plural third-person)
kirjoit'aksën (passive present)
kirjoit'at'aksën (passive present)
kirjoittatihën (passive past)
kirjoit'attihën (passive past)
kirjoittatagasën (imperative passive)
kirjoit'attagasën (imperative passive)
kirjoittatagosën (optative passive)
kirjoit'attagosën (optative passive)
kirjoit'ak (connegative present)
kirjoittagak (connegative imperative)
kirjoittagok (connegative optative)
kirjoit'aktak (connegative passive present)
kirjoittatagak (connegative imperative passive)
kirjoit'attagak (connegative imperative passive)
kirjoittatagok (connegative optative passive)
kirjoit'attagok (connegative optative passive)
kirjoit'akcin (conditional conditional-i first-person singular)
kirjoittëicin (conditional conditional-ii first-person singular)
kirjoittanën (first-person potential singular)
kirjoit'akcit (conditional conditional-i second-person singular)
kirjoittëicit (conditional conditional-ii second-person singular)
kirjoittanët (potential second-person singular)
kirjoit'akci (conditional conditional-i singular third-person)
kirjoittëici (conditional conditional-ii singular third-person)
kirjoittani (potential singular third-person)
kirjoit'akcimëk (conditional conditional-i first-person plural)
kirjoit'akcimak (conditional conditional-i first-person plural)
kirjoittëicimëk (conditional conditional-ii first-person plural)
kirjoittëicimak (conditional conditional-ii first-person plural)
kirjoittanëmëk (first-person plural potential)
kirjoittanëmak (first-person plural potential)
kirjoit'akcidëk (conditional conditional-i plural second-person)
kirjoit'akcidak (conditional conditional-i plural second-person)
kirjoittëicidëk (conditional conditional-ii plural second-person)
kirjoittëicidak (conditional conditional-ii plural second-person)
kirjoittanëdëk (plural potential second-person)
kirjoittanëdak (plural potential second-person)
kirjoit'akci (conditional conditional-i plural third-person)
kirjoittëici (conditional conditional-ii plural third-person)
kirjoittani (plural potential third-person)
kirjoittadakcisën (conditional conditional-i passive)
kirjoit'at'akcisën (conditional conditional-i passive)
kirjoittaticisën (conditional conditional-ii passive)
kirjoit'atticisën (conditional conditional-ii passive)
kirjoittatanësën (passive potential)
kirjoit'attanësën (passive potential)
kirjoit'akcik (conditional conditional-i connegative)
kirjoittëicik (conditional conditional-ii connegative)
kirjoittanëk (connegative potential)
kirjoittadakcik (conditional conditional-i connegative passive)
kirjoit'at'akcik (conditional conditional-i connegative passive)
kirjoittaticik (conditional conditional-ii connegative passive)
kirjoit'atticik (conditional conditional-ii connegative passive)
kirjoittatanëk (connegative passive potential)
kirjoit'attanëk (connegative passive potential)
kirjoittadak (conditional conditional-i infinitive infinitive-i)
kirjoittapa (active participle present)
kirjoittataba (participle passive present)
kirjoit'attaba (participle passive present)
kirjoittatë- (conditional conditional-i infinitive infinitive-ii)
kirjoittanut (active participle past)
kirjoittatu (participle passive past)
kirjoit'attu (participle passive past)
kirjoittama (conditional conditional-i gerund supine)
kirjoittaminen (conditional conditional-i noun-from-verb)

Estonian: kirjutama/kirjutada

Finnish: kirjoittaa

Ingrian: kirjuttaa

Karelian: kirjoittoa, kirjuttoa

Livvi: kirjuttua

Veps: kirjutada

Võro: kirotama/kirotaq

Votic: tširjotta

From the plural stem of *kirja, *kirjoi- + *-ttadak.

to decorate with patterns, e.g. by carving or embroidery


ümbärtädäk

ümbärtä- (stem)
ümbärdän (first-person present singular)
ümbärdein (first-person past singular)
ümbärtägon (first-person optative singular)
ümbärdät (present second-person singular)
ümbärdeit (past second-person singular)
ümbärdäk (imperative second-person singular)
ümbärtägos (optative second-person singular)
ümbärtäpi (present singular third-person)
ümbärtä (present singular third-person)
ümbärtei (past singular third-person)
ümbärtäkähen (imperative singular third-person)
ümbärtäkohen (optative singular third-person)
ümbärdäkmek (first-person plural present)
ümbärdäkmäk (first-person plural present)
ümbärteimek (first-person past plural)
ümbärteimäk (first-person past plural)
ümbärtäkädemek (first-person imperative plural)
ümbärtäkädämäk (first-person imperative plural)
ümbärtäkodemek (first-person optative plural)
ümbärtäkodämäk (first-person optative plural)
ümbärdäktek (plural present second-person)
ümbärdäktäk (plural present second-person)
ümbärteidek (past plural second-person)
ümbärteidäk (past plural second-person)
ümbärtäkäde (imperative plural second-person)
ümbärtäkädä (imperative plural second-person)
ümbärtägot'ek (optative plural second-person)
ümbärtäkodädäk (optative plural second-person)
ümbärtäbät (plural present third-person)
ümbärtä (plural present third-person)
ümbärtei (past plural third-person)
ümbärtäkähen (imperative plural third-person)
ümbärtäkohen (optative plural third-person)
ümbärdäksen (passive present)
ümbärdät'äksen (passive present)
ümbärtätihen (passive past)
ümbärdättihen (passive past)
ümbärtätägäsen (imperative passive)
ümbärdättägäsen (imperative passive)
ümbärtätägosen (optative passive)
ümbärdättägosen (optative passive)
ümbärdäk (connegative present)
ümbärtägäk (connegative imperative)
ümbärtägok (connegative optative)
ümbärdäktäk (connegative passive present)
ümbärtätägäk (connegative imperative passive)
ümbärdättägäk (connegative imperative passive)
ümbärtätägok (connegative optative passive)
ümbärdättägok (connegative optative passive)
ümbärdäkcin (conditional conditional-i first-person singular)
ümbärteicin (conditional conditional-ii first-person singular)
ümbärtänen (first-person potential singular)
ümbärdäkcit (conditional conditional-i second-person singular)
ümbärteicit (conditional conditional-ii second-person singular)
ümbärtänet (potential second-person singular)
ümbärdäkci (conditional conditional-i singular third-person)
ümbärteici (conditional conditional-ii singular third-person)
ümbärtäni (potential singular third-person)
ümbärdäkcimek (conditional conditional-i first-person plural)
ümbärdäkcimäk (conditional conditional-i first-person plural)
ümbärteicimek (conditional conditional-ii first-person plural)
ümbärteicimäk (conditional conditional-ii first-person plural)
ümbärtänemek (first-person plural potential)
ümbärtänemäk (first-person plural potential)
ümbärdäkcidek (conditional conditional-i plural second-person)
ümbärdäkcidäk (conditional conditional-i plural second-person)
ümbärteicidek (conditional conditional-ii plural second-person)
ümbärteicidäk (conditional conditional-ii plural second-person)
ümbärtänedek (plural potential second-person)
ümbärtänedäk (plural potential second-person)
ümbärdäkci (conditional conditional-i plural third-person)
ümbärteici (conditional conditional-ii plural third-person)
ümbärtäni (plural potential third-person)
ümbärtädäkcisen (conditional conditional-i passive)
ümbärdät'äkcisen (conditional conditional-i passive)
ümbärtäticisen (conditional conditional-ii passive)
ümbärdätticisen (conditional conditional-ii passive)
ümbärtätänesen (passive potential)
ümbärdättänesen (passive potential)
ümbärdäkcik (conditional conditional-i connegative)
ümbärteicik (conditional conditional-ii connegative)
ümbärtänek (connegative potential)
ümbärtädäkcik (conditional conditional-i connegative passive)
ümbärdät'äkcik (conditional conditional-i connegative passive)
ümbärtäticik (conditional conditional-ii connegative passive)
ümbärdätticik (conditional conditional-ii connegative passive)
ümbärtätänek (connegative passive potential)
ümbärdättänek (connegative passive potential)
ümbärtädäk (conditional conditional-i infinitive infinitive-i)
ümbärtäpä (active participle present)
ümbärtätäbä (participle passive present)
ümbärdättäbä (participle passive present)
ümbärtäte- (conditional conditional-i infinitive infinitive-ii)
ümbärtänüt (active participle past)
ümbärtätü (participle passive past)
ümbärdättü (participle passive past)
ümbärtämä (conditional conditional-i gerund supine)
ümbärtäminen (conditional conditional-i noun-from-verb)

Estonian: ümmardama/ümmardada (“to serve, be a servant”)

Finnish: ymmärtää (“to understand”)

Ingrian: ymmärtää (“to understand”)

desc

→ Votic: (Jõgõperä) ümmertä (“to understand”)

Karelian:

North Karelian: ymmärtyä (“to understand”)

South Karelian: ymmerdiä (“to understand”), (dialectal) ymmärdiä

Livvi: ymmärdiä (“to go around; to scheme”)

q

Livonian: immõrtõ (“to surround; to serve, be a servant”) (possibly from Estonian, at least in part)

Ludian: umbärta (“to go around”)

desc

Veps: ümbärta (“to go around, surround”)


valgët'ak

valkënë- (stem)
valkënën (first-person present singular)
valkënin (first-person past singular)
valgëtkon (first-person optative singular)
valkënët (present second-person singular)
valkënit (past second-person singular)
valkënëk (imperative second-person singular)
valgëtkos (optative second-person singular)
valkënëpi (present singular third-person)
valgën (present singular third-person)
valkëni (past singular third-person)
valgëtkasën (imperative singular third-person)
valgëtkosën (optative singular third-person)
valkënëkmëk (first-person plural present)
valkënëkmak (first-person plural present)
valkënimëk (first-person past plural)
valkënimak (first-person past plural)
valgëtkatëmëk (first-person imperative plural)
valgëtkatamak (first-person imperative plural)
valgëtkotëmëk (first-person optative plural)
valgëtkotamak (first-person optative plural)
valkënëktëk (plural present second-person)
valkënëktak (plural present second-person)
valkënidëk (past plural second-person)
valkënidak (past plural second-person)
valgëtkatë (imperative plural second-person)
valgëtkata (imperative plural second-person)
valgëtkot'ëk (optative plural second-person)
valgëtkotadak (optative plural second-person)
valkënëbat (plural present third-person)
valgën (plural present third-person)
valkëni (past plural third-person)
valgëtkasën (imperative plural third-person)
valgëtkosën (optative plural third-person)
valkënëksën (passive present)
valkënët'aksën (passive present)
valgëttisën (passive past)
valkënëttihën (passive past)
valgëttakahën (imperative passive)
valkënëttagasën (imperative passive)
valgëttakohën (optative passive)
valkënëttagosën (optative passive)
valkënëk (connegative present)
valgëtkak (connegative imperative)
valgëtkok (connegative optative)
valkënëktak (connegative passive present)
valgëttagak (connegative imperative passive)
valkënëttagak (connegative imperative passive)
valgëttagok (connegative optative passive)
valkënëttagok (connegative optative passive)
valkënëkcin (conditional conditional-i first-person singular)
valkënicin (conditional conditional-ii first-person singular)
valgënnën (first-person potential singular)
valkënëkcit (conditional conditional-i second-person singular)
valkënicit (conditional conditional-ii second-person singular)
valgënnët (potential second-person singular)
valkënëkci (conditional conditional-i singular third-person)
valkënici (conditional conditional-ii singular third-person)
valgënni (potential singular third-person)
valkënëkcimëk (conditional conditional-i first-person plural)
valkënëkcimak (conditional conditional-i first-person plural)
valkënicimëk (conditional conditional-ii first-person plural)
valkënicimak (conditional conditional-ii first-person plural)
valgënnëmëk (first-person plural potential)
valgënnëmak (first-person plural potential)
valkënëkcidëk (conditional conditional-i plural second-person)
valkënëkcidak (conditional conditional-i plural second-person)
valkënicidëk (conditional conditional-ii plural second-person)
valkënicidak (conditional conditional-ii plural second-person)
valgënnëdëk (plural potential second-person)
valgënnëdak (plural potential second-person)
valkënëkci (conditional conditional-i plural third-person)
valkënici (conditional conditional-ii plural third-person)
valgënni (plural potential third-person)
valgët'akcihën (conditional conditional-i passive)
valkënët'akcisën (conditional conditional-i passive)
valgëtticihën (conditional conditional-ii passive)
valkënëtticisën (conditional conditional-ii passive)
valgëttanëhën (passive potential)
valkënëttanësën (passive potential)
valkënëkcik (conditional conditional-i connegative)
valkënicik (conditional conditional-ii connegative)
valgënnëk (connegative potential)
valgët'akcik (conditional conditional-i connegative passive)
valkënët'akcik (conditional conditional-i connegative passive)
valgëtticik (conditional conditional-ii connegative passive)
valkënëtticik (conditional conditional-ii connegative passive)
valgëttanëk (connegative passive potential)
valkënëttanëk (connegative passive potential)
valgët'ak (conditional conditional-i infinitive infinitive-i)
valkënëpa (active participle present)
valgëttapa (participle passive present)
valkënëttaba (participle passive present)
valgëttë- (conditional conditional-i infinitive infinitive-ii)
valgënnut (active participle past)
valgëttu (participle passive past)
valkënëttu (participle passive past)
valkënëma (conditional conditional-i gerund supine)
valkënëminen (conditional conditional-i noun-from-verb)

Finnish: valjeta

Ingrian: valeta

Ludian: valgeta

Veps: vaugneda


cööstäk

cöökse- (stem)
cööksen (first-person present singular)
cööksin (first-person past singular)
cööskon (first-person optative singular)
cöökset (present second-person singular)
cööksit (past second-person singular)
cööksek (imperative second-person singular)
cööskos (optative second-person singular)
cööksebi (present singular third-person)
cöös (present singular third-person)
cööksi (past singular third-person)
cööskähen (imperative singular third-person)
cööskohen (optative singular third-person)
cööksekmek (first-person plural present)
cööksekmäk (first-person plural present)
cööksimek (first-person past plural)
cööksimäk (first-person past plural)
cööskädemek (first-person imperative plural)
cööskädämäk (first-person imperative plural)
cööskodemek (first-person optative plural)
cööskodämäk (first-person optative plural)
cööksektek (plural present second-person)
cööksektäk (plural present second-person)
cööksidek (past plural second-person)
cööksidäk (past plural second-person)
cööskäde (imperative plural second-person)
cööskädä (imperative plural second-person)
cööskot'ek (optative plural second-person)
cööskodädäk (optative plural second-person)
cööksebät (plural present third-person)
cöös (plural present third-person)
cööksi (past plural third-person)
cööskähen (imperative plural third-person)
cööskohen (optative plural third-person)
cöökseksen (passive present)
cöökset'äksen (passive present)
cööstihen (passive past)
cööksettisen (passive past)
cööstägäsen (imperative passive)
cööksettäkähen (imperative passive)
cööstägosen (optative passive)
cööksettäkohen (optative passive)
cööksek (connegative present)
cööskäk (connegative imperative)
cööskok (connegative optative)
cööksektäk (connegative passive present)
cööstägäk (connegative imperative passive)
cööksettägäk (connegative imperative passive)
cööstägok (connegative optative passive)
cööksettägok (connegative optative passive)
cööksekcin (conditional conditional-i first-person singular)
cööksicin (conditional conditional-ii first-person singular)
cöössen (first-person potential singular)
cööksekcit (conditional conditional-i second-person singular)
cööksicit (conditional conditional-ii second-person singular)
cöösset (potential second-person singular)
cööksekci (conditional conditional-i singular third-person)
cööksici (conditional conditional-ii singular third-person)
cöössi (potential singular third-person)
cööksekcimek (conditional conditional-i first-person plural)
cööksekcimäk (conditional conditional-i first-person plural)
cööksicimek (conditional conditional-ii first-person plural)
cööksicimäk (conditional conditional-ii first-person plural)
cöössemek (first-person plural potential)
cöössemäk (first-person plural potential)
cööksekcidek (conditional conditional-i plural second-person)
cööksekcidäk (conditional conditional-i plural second-person)
cööksicidek (conditional conditional-ii plural second-person)
cööksicidäk (conditional conditional-ii plural second-person)
cöössedek (plural potential second-person)
cöössedäk (plural potential second-person)
cööksekci (conditional conditional-i plural third-person)
cööksici (conditional conditional-ii plural third-person)
cöössi (plural potential third-person)
cööstäkcisen (conditional conditional-i passive)
cöökset'äkcihen (conditional conditional-i passive)
cöösticisen (conditional conditional-ii passive)
cööksetticihen (conditional conditional-ii passive)
cööstänesen (passive potential)
cööksettänehen (passive potential)
cööksekcik (conditional conditional-i connegative)
cööksicik (conditional conditional-ii connegative)
cöössek (connegative potential)
cööstäkcik (conditional conditional-i connegative passive)
cöökset'äkcik (conditional conditional-i connegative passive)
cöösticik (conditional conditional-ii connegative passive)
cööksetticik (conditional conditional-ii connegative passive)
cööstänek (connegative passive potential)
cööksettänek (connegative passive potential)
cööstäk (conditional conditional-i infinitive infinitive-i)
cööksebä (active participle present)
cööstäbä (participle passive present)
cööksettäpä (participle passive present)
cööste- (conditional conditional-i infinitive infinitive-ii)
cöössüt (active participle past)
cööstü (participle passive past)
cööksettü (participle passive past)
cööksemä (conditional conditional-i gerund supine)
cöökseminen (conditional conditional-i noun-from-verb)

⇒ Estonian: sööstma

Finnish: syöstä

Karelian: syöksie

Livonian: zȭöks (“to jump, to dance”)

Derived from a contracted variant of *cüvä (“deep”) (compare e.g. *möötä), perhaps with the translative ending *-ksë-; the meaning is thus "to plunge, to push deep into". In the past, considered a derivative of *söödäk (“to eat”) (which would warrant the earlier reconstruction *sööstäk (*söö-kse-)), with a meaning like "(of water) to eat a path for itself" (suggested by by Kulonen (2000)). This theory presupposes a reflexive verb suffix *-stak (*-ksë-), but the evidence for this is weak (see *joostak).


vannodak

Estonian: vannutada, (backformation) vanduma

Finnish: vannoa

Karelian: vannuo

Livonian: (Courland) vannõ, (Salaca) vann

Võro: vanma/vannuq

Votic: (Mati) vannota

Ingrian: vannua

Votic: vannua

Unknown, but most likely akin to Proto-Samic *vuornōtēk (< *varno-). Sammallahti (1998: 191) suggests assimilation from earlier *vatno-; but contrast the development in e.g. *litna, *vatnas.


hirnudak

hirnu- (stem)
hirnun (first-person present singular)
hirnuin (first-person past singular)
hirnugon (first-person optative singular)
hirnut (present second-person singular)
hirnuit (past second-person singular)
hirnuk (imperative second-person singular)
hirnugos (optative second-person singular)
hirnubi (present singular third-person)
hirnu (present singular third-person)
hirnui (past singular third-person)
hirnugasën (imperative singular third-person)
hirnugosën (optative singular third-person)
hirnukmëk (first-person plural present)
hirnukmak (first-person plural present)
hirnuimëk (first-person past plural)
hirnuimak (first-person past plural)
hirnugatëmëk (first-person imperative plural)
hirnugatamak (first-person imperative plural)
hirnugotëmëk (first-person optative plural)
hirnugotamak (first-person optative plural)
hirnuktëk (plural present second-person)
hirnuktak (plural present second-person)
hirnuidëk (past plural second-person)
hirnuidak (past plural second-person)
hirnugatë (imperative plural second-person)
hirnugata (imperative plural second-person)
hirnugot'ëk (optative plural second-person)
hirnugotadak (optative plural second-person)
hirnubat (plural present third-person)
hirnu (plural present third-person)
hirnui (past plural third-person)
hirnugasën (imperative plural third-person)
hirnugosën (optative plural third-person)
hirnuksën (passive present)
hirnut'aksën (passive present)
hirnudisën (passive past)
hirnuttisën (passive past)
hirnudakahën (imperative passive)
hirnuttakahën (imperative passive)
hirnudakohën (optative passive)
hirnuttakohën (optative passive)
hirnuk (connegative present)
hirnugak (connegative imperative)
hirnugok (connegative optative)
hirnuktak (connegative passive present)
hirnudagak (connegative imperative passive)
hirnuttagak (connegative imperative passive)
hirnudagok (connegative optative passive)
hirnuttagok (connegative optative passive)
hirnukcin (conditional conditional-i first-person singular)
hirnuicin (conditional conditional-ii first-person singular)
hirnunën (first-person potential singular)
hirnukcit (conditional conditional-i second-person singular)
hirnuicit (conditional conditional-ii second-person singular)
hirnunët (potential second-person singular)
hirnukci (conditional conditional-i singular third-person)
hirnuici (conditional conditional-ii singular third-person)
hirnuni (potential singular third-person)
hirnukcimëk (conditional conditional-i first-person plural)
hirnukcimak (conditional conditional-i first-person plural)
hirnuicimëk (conditional conditional-ii first-person plural)
hirnuicimak (conditional conditional-ii first-person plural)
hirnunëmëk (first-person plural potential)
hirnunëmak (first-person plural potential)
hirnukcidëk (conditional conditional-i plural second-person)
hirnukcidak (conditional conditional-i plural second-person)
hirnuicidëk (conditional conditional-ii plural second-person)
hirnuicidak (conditional conditional-ii plural second-person)
hirnunëdëk (plural potential second-person)
hirnunëdak (plural potential second-person)
hirnukci (conditional conditional-i plural third-person)
hirnuici (conditional conditional-ii plural third-person)
hirnuni (plural potential third-person)
hirnudakcihën (conditional conditional-i passive)
hirnut'akcihën (conditional conditional-i passive)
hirnudicihën (conditional conditional-ii passive)
hirnutticihën (conditional conditional-ii passive)
hirnudanëhën (passive potential)
hirnuttanëhën (passive potential)
hirnukcik (conditional conditional-i connegative)
hirnuicik (conditional conditional-ii connegative)
hirnunëk (connegative potential)
hirnudakcik (conditional conditional-i connegative passive)
hirnut'akcik (conditional conditional-i connegative passive)
hirnudicik (conditional conditional-ii connegative passive)
hirnutticik (conditional conditional-ii connegative passive)
hirnudanëk (connegative passive potential)
hirnuttanëk (connegative passive potential)
hirnudak (conditional conditional-i infinitive infinitive-i)
hirnuba (active participle present)
hirnudapa (participle passive present)
hirnuttapa (participle passive present)
hirnudë- (conditional conditional-i infinitive infinitive-ii)
hirnunut (active participle past)
hirnudu (participle passive past)
hirnuttu (participle passive past)
hirnuma (conditional conditional-i gerund supine)
hirnuminen (conditional conditional-i noun-from-verb)

Estonian: hirnuma/hirnuda

Finnish: hirnua

→ Northern Sami: hirdnut

Ingrian: hirnua, hernua

Karelian:

North Karelian: hirnuo

South Karelian: hirnuo

Livvi: hirnuo

Ludian: hirnuda

Veps: hirnuda

Võro: hirnma/hirnuq

Votic: irnua, (Mati) irnaa

From an onomatopoetic root with the suffix + *-udak.


loppëdak

Estonian: lõppema/lõppeda

Finnish: loppea (archaic, dialectal)

⇒ Finnish: loppiainen

Ingrian: loppea

Karelian: loppie

Livonian: loppõ

Livvi: loppie

Ludian: loppida

Veps: lopta

to finish something, to reach the end of something


matadak

⇒ Estonian: made (“stair; banister”)

Finnish: mataa, ⇒ madella

→ Swedish: (Finland Swedish) matela

Livonian: (Salaca) matt

Unknown. Relationship to Erzya мадамо (madamo, “bridge”) has been proposed.


imehteldäk

Estonian: imetlema

Finnish: ihmetellä

→ Ingrian: ihmetellä

Votic: imehtelle

From *imeh (“wonder”) + *-tä- + *-(e)ldäk. The intermediate derivative *imehtädäk does not appear to be attested, although Karelian imehtie (“to wonder, to be happy”) and Ludian imehtuda (“to be delighted”) suggest parallel derivatives *imeh-t-i-, *imeh-t-u-.


soodak

soo- (stem)
soon (first-person present singular)
soin (first-person past singular)
soogon (first-person optative singular)
soot (present second-person singular)
soit (past second-person singular)
sook (imperative second-person singular)
soogos (optative second-person singular)
soopi (present singular third-person)
soo (present singular third-person)
soi (past singular third-person)
sookahën (imperative singular third-person)
sookohën (optative singular third-person)
sookmëk (first-person plural present)
sookmak (first-person plural present)
soimëk (first-person past plural)
soimak (first-person past plural)
sookadëmëk (first-person imperative plural)
sookadamak (first-person imperative plural)
sookodëmëk (first-person optative plural)
sookodamak (first-person optative plural)
sooktëk (plural present second-person)
sooktak (plural present second-person)
soidëk (past plural second-person)
soidak (past plural second-person)
sookadë (imperative plural second-person)
sookada (imperative plural second-person)
soogot'ëk (optative plural second-person)
sookodadak (optative plural second-person)
soobat (plural present third-person)
soo (plural present third-person)
soi (past plural third-person)
sookahën (imperative plural third-person)
sookohën (optative plural third-person)
sooksën (passive present)
soot'aksën (passive present)
sootihën (passive past)
soottihën (passive past)
sootagasën (imperative passive)
soottagasën (imperative passive)
sootagosën (optative passive)
soottagosën (optative passive)
sook (connegative present)
soogak (connegative imperative)
soogok (connegative optative)
sooktak (connegative passive present)
sootagak (connegative imperative passive)
soottagak (connegative imperative passive)
sootagok (connegative optative passive)
soottagok (connegative optative passive)
sookcin (conditional conditional-i first-person singular)
soicin (conditional conditional-ii first-person singular)
soonën (first-person potential singular)
sookcit (conditional conditional-i second-person singular)
soicit (conditional conditional-ii second-person singular)
soonët (potential second-person singular)
sookci (conditional conditional-i singular third-person)
soici (conditional conditional-ii singular third-person)
sooni (potential singular third-person)
sookcimëk (conditional conditional-i first-person plural)
sookcimak (conditional conditional-i first-person plural)
soicimëk (conditional conditional-ii first-person plural)
soicimak (conditional conditional-ii first-person plural)
soonëmëk (first-person plural potential)
soonëmak (first-person plural potential)
sookcidëk (conditional conditional-i plural second-person)
sookcidak (conditional conditional-i plural second-person)
soicidëk (conditional conditional-ii plural second-person)
soicidak (conditional conditional-ii plural second-person)
soonëdëk (plural potential second-person)
soonëdak (plural potential second-person)
sookci (conditional conditional-i plural third-person)
soici (conditional conditional-ii plural third-person)
sooni (plural potential third-person)
soodakcisën (conditional conditional-i passive)
soot'akcisën (conditional conditional-i passive)
sooticisën (conditional conditional-ii passive)
sootticisën (conditional conditional-ii passive)
sootanësën (passive potential)
soottanësën (passive potential)
sookcik (conditional conditional-i connegative)
soicik (conditional conditional-ii connegative)
soonëk (connegative potential)
soodakcik (conditional conditional-i connegative passive)
soot'akcik (conditional conditional-i connegative passive)
sooticik (conditional conditional-ii connegative passive)
sootticik (conditional conditional-ii connegative passive)
sootanëk (connegative passive potential)
soottanëk (connegative passive potential)
soodak (conditional conditional-i infinitive infinitive-i)
soopa (active participle present)
sootaba (participle passive present)
soottaba (participle passive present)
sootë- (conditional conditional-i infinitive infinitive-ii)
soonut (active participle past)
sootu (participle passive past)
soottu (participle passive past)
sooma (conditional conditional-i gerund supine)
soominen (conditional conditional-i noun-from-verb)

Estonian: soovima

Finnish: suoda

→ Karelian: suuva

→ Lule Sami: suovvat

→ Northern Sami: suovvat

→ Inari Sami: suouvađ

Votic: soovia

From earlier *suwa-, possibly borrowed from Proto-Indo-Iranian *suHáti, from Proto-Indo-European *sewh₁-. Possibly cognate with Erzya совамс (sovams).


istudak

istu- (stem)
istun (first-person present singular)
istuin (first-person past singular)
istugon (first-person optative singular)
istut (present second-person singular)
istuit (past second-person singular)
istuk (imperative second-person singular)
istugos (optative second-person singular)
istubi (present singular third-person)
istu (present singular third-person)
istui (past singular third-person)
istugasën (imperative singular third-person)
istugosën (optative singular third-person)
istukmëk (first-person plural present)
istukmak (first-person plural present)
istuimëk (first-person past plural)
istuimak (first-person past plural)
istugatëmëk (first-person imperative plural)
istugatamak (first-person imperative plural)
istugotëmëk (first-person optative plural)
istugotamak (first-person optative plural)
istuktëk (plural present second-person)
istuktak (plural present second-person)
istuidëk (past plural second-person)
istuidak (past plural second-person)
istugatë (imperative plural second-person)
istugata (imperative plural second-person)
istugot'ëk (optative plural second-person)
istugotadak (optative plural second-person)
istubat (plural present third-person)
istu (plural present third-person)
istui (past plural third-person)
istugasën (imperative plural third-person)
istugosën (optative plural third-person)
istuksën (passive present)
istut'aksën (passive present)
istudisën (passive past)
istuttisën (passive past)
istudakahën (imperative passive)
istuttakahën (imperative passive)
istudakohën (optative passive)
istuttakohën (optative passive)
istuk (connegative present)
istugak (connegative imperative)
istugok (connegative optative)
istuktak (connegative passive present)
istudagak (connegative imperative passive)
istuttagak (connegative imperative passive)
istudagok (connegative optative passive)
istuttagok (connegative optative passive)
istukcin (conditional conditional-i first-person singular)
istuicin (conditional conditional-ii first-person singular)
istunën (first-person potential singular)
istukcit (conditional conditional-i second-person singular)
istuicit (conditional conditional-ii second-person singular)
istunët (potential second-person singular)
istukci (conditional conditional-i singular third-person)
istuici (conditional conditional-ii singular third-person)
istuni (potential singular third-person)
istukcimëk (conditional conditional-i first-person plural)
istukcimak (conditional conditional-i first-person plural)
istuicimëk (conditional conditional-ii first-person plural)
istuicimak (conditional conditional-ii first-person plural)
istunëmëk (first-person plural potential)
istunëmak (first-person plural potential)
istukcidëk (conditional conditional-i plural second-person)
istukcidak (conditional conditional-i plural second-person)
istuicidëk (conditional conditional-ii plural second-person)
istuicidak (conditional conditional-ii plural second-person)
istunëdëk (plural potential second-person)
istunëdak (plural potential second-person)
istukci (conditional conditional-i plural third-person)
istuici (conditional conditional-ii plural third-person)
istuni (plural potential third-person)
istudakcihën (conditional conditional-i passive)
istut'akcihën (conditional conditional-i passive)
istudicihën (conditional conditional-ii passive)
istutticihën (conditional conditional-ii passive)
istudanëhën (passive potential)
istuttanëhën (passive potential)
istukcik (conditional conditional-i connegative)
istuicik (conditional conditional-ii connegative)
istunëk (connegative potential)
istudakcik (conditional conditional-i connegative passive)
istut'akcik (conditional conditional-i connegative passive)
istudicik (conditional conditional-ii connegative passive)
istutticik (conditional conditional-ii connegative passive)
istudanëk (connegative passive potential)
istuttanëk (connegative passive potential)
istudak (conditional conditional-i infinitive infinitive-i)
istuba (active participle present)
istudapa (participle passive present)
istuttapa (participle passive present)
istudë- (conditional conditional-i infinitive infinitive-ii)
istunut (active participle past)
istudu (participle passive past)
istuttu (participle passive past)
istuma (conditional conditional-i gerund supine)
istuminen (conditional conditional-i noun-from-verb)

Estonian: istuma/istuda

Finnish: istua

Ingrian: istua

Karelian:

North Karelian: istuo

South Karelian: istuo

Livonian: istõ, (Salaca) ist

Livvi: istuo

Ludian: ištuda

Veps: ištta

Võro: istma/istuq

Votic: issua

From Proto-Finno-Permic *isɜ-, whence also Erzya озамс (ozams), + *-tudak.


liikkudak

liikku- (stem)
liik'un (first-person present singular)
liik'uin (first-person past singular)
liikkugon (first-person optative singular)
liik'ut (present second-person singular)
liik'uit (past second-person singular)
liik'uk (imperative second-person singular)
liikkugos (optative second-person singular)
liikkubi (present singular third-person)
liikku (present singular third-person)
liikkui (past singular third-person)
liikkugasën (imperative singular third-person)
liikkugosën (optative singular third-person)
liik'ukmëk (first-person plural present)
liik'ukmak (first-person plural present)
liikkuimëk (first-person past plural)
liikkuimak (first-person past plural)
liikkugatëmëk (first-person imperative plural)
liikkugatamak (first-person imperative plural)
liikkugotëmëk (first-person optative plural)
liikkugotamak (first-person optative plural)
liik'uktëk (plural present second-person)
liik'uktak (plural present second-person)
liikkuidëk (past plural second-person)
liikkuidak (past plural second-person)
liikkugatë (imperative plural second-person)
liikkugata (imperative plural second-person)
liikkugot'ëk (optative plural second-person)
liikkugotadak (optative plural second-person)
liikkubat (plural present third-person)
liikku (plural present third-person)
liikkui (past plural third-person)
liikkugasën (imperative plural third-person)
liikkugosën (optative plural third-person)
liik'uksën (passive present)
liik'ut'aksën (passive present)
liikkudisën (passive past)
liik'uttisën (passive past)
liikkudakahën (imperative passive)
liik'uttakahën (imperative passive)
liikkudakohën (optative passive)
liik'uttakohën (optative passive)
liik'uk (connegative present)
liikkugak (connegative imperative)
liikkugok (connegative optative)
liik'uktak (connegative passive present)
liikkudagak (connegative imperative passive)
liik'uttagak (connegative imperative passive)
liikkudagok (connegative optative passive)
liik'uttagok (connegative optative passive)
liik'ukcin (conditional conditional-i first-person singular)
liikkuicin (conditional conditional-ii first-person singular)
liikkunën (first-person potential singular)
liik'ukcit (conditional conditional-i second-person singular)
liikkuicit (conditional conditional-ii second-person singular)
liikkunët (potential second-person singular)
liik'ukci (conditional conditional-i singular third-person)
liikkuici (conditional conditional-ii singular third-person)
liikkuni (potential singular third-person)
liik'ukcimëk (conditional conditional-i first-person plural)
liik'ukcimak (conditional conditional-i first-person plural)
liikkuicimëk (conditional conditional-ii first-person plural)
liikkuicimak (conditional conditional-ii first-person plural)
liikkunëmëk (first-person plural potential)
liikkunëmak (first-person plural potential)
liik'ukcidëk (conditional conditional-i plural second-person)
liik'ukcidak (conditional conditional-i plural second-person)
liikkuicidëk (conditional conditional-ii plural second-person)
liikkuicidak (conditional conditional-ii plural second-person)
liikkunëdëk (plural potential second-person)
liikkunëdak (plural potential second-person)
liik'ukci (conditional conditional-i plural third-person)
liikkuici (conditional conditional-ii plural third-person)
liikkuni (plural potential third-person)
liikkudakcihën (conditional conditional-i passive)
liik'ut'akcihën (conditional conditional-i passive)
liikkudicihën (conditional conditional-ii passive)
liik'utticihën (conditional conditional-ii passive)
liikkudanëhën (passive potential)
liik'uttanëhën (passive potential)
liik'ukcik (conditional conditional-i connegative)
liikkuicik (conditional conditional-ii connegative)
liikkunëk (connegative potential)
liikkudakcik (conditional conditional-i connegative passive)
liik'ut'akcik (conditional conditional-i connegative passive)
liikkudicik (conditional conditional-ii connegative passive)
liik'utticik (conditional conditional-ii connegative passive)
liikkudanëk (connegative passive potential)
liik'uttanëk (connegative passive potential)
liikkudak (conditional conditional-i infinitive infinitive-i)
liikkuba (active participle present)
liikkudapa (participle passive present)
liik'uttapa (participle passive present)
liikkudë- (conditional conditional-i infinitive infinitive-ii)
liikkunut (active participle past)
liikkudu (participle passive past)
liik'uttu (participle passive past)
liikkuma (conditional conditional-i gerund supine)
liikkuminen (conditional conditional-i noun-from-verb)

Estonian: liikuma/liikuda

Finnish: liikkua

→ Northern Sami: lihkkat

Ingrian: liikkua

Karelian:

North Karelian: liikkuo

South Karelian: liikkuo

Livonian: likkõ

Livvi: liikkuo

Ludian: liikkuda

Veps: likuda

Võro: liikma/liikuq

Votic: liikkua

Probably from Proto-Uralic *likke-w-, with secondary lengthening of the initial vowel.


murtadak

murta- (stem)
murdan (first-person present singular)
murdëin (first-person past singular)
murtagon (first-person optative singular)
murdat (present second-person singular)
murdëit (past second-person singular)
murdak (imperative second-person singular)
murtagos (optative second-person singular)
murtabi (present singular third-person)
murta (present singular third-person)
murtëi (past singular third-person)
murtagasën (imperative singular third-person)
murtagosën (optative singular third-person)
murdakmëk (first-person plural present)
murdakmak (first-person plural present)
murtëimëk (first-person past plural)
murtëimak (first-person past plural)
murtagatëmëk (first-person imperative plural)
murtagatamak (first-person imperative plural)
murtagotëmëk (first-person optative plural)
murtagotamak (first-person optative plural)
murdaktëk (plural present second-person)
murdaktak (plural present second-person)
murtëidëk (past plural second-person)
murtëidak (past plural second-person)
murtagatë (imperative plural second-person)
murtagata (imperative plural second-person)
murtagot'ëk (optative plural second-person)
murtagotadak (optative plural second-person)
murtabat (plural present third-person)
murta (plural present third-person)
murtëi (past plural third-person)
murtagasën (imperative plural third-person)
murtagosën (optative plural third-person)
murdaksën (passive present)
murdat'aksën (passive present)
murtadisën (passive past)
murdattisën (passive past)
murtadakahën (imperative passive)
murdattakahën (imperative passive)
murtadakohën (optative passive)
murdattakohën (optative passive)
murdak (connegative present)
murtagak (connegative imperative)
murtagok (connegative optative)
murdaktak (connegative passive present)
murtadagak (connegative imperative passive)
murdattagak (connegative imperative passive)
murtadagok (connegative optative passive)
murdattagok (connegative optative passive)
murdakcin (conditional conditional-i first-person singular)
murtëicin (conditional conditional-ii first-person singular)
murtanën (first-person potential singular)
murdakcit (conditional conditional-i second-person singular)
murtëicit (conditional conditional-ii second-person singular)
murtanët (potential second-person singular)
murdakci (conditional conditional-i singular third-person)
murtëici (conditional conditional-ii singular third-person)
murtani (potential singular third-person)
murdakcimëk (conditional conditional-i first-person plural)
murdakcimak (conditional conditional-i first-person plural)
murtëicimëk (conditional conditional-ii first-person plural)
murtëicimak (conditional conditional-ii first-person plural)
murtanëmëk (first-person plural potential)
murtanëmak (first-person plural potential)
murdakcidëk (conditional conditional-i plural second-person)
murdakcidak (conditional conditional-i plural second-person)
murtëicidëk (conditional conditional-ii plural second-person)
murtëicidak (conditional conditional-ii plural second-person)
murtanëdëk (plural potential second-person)
murtanëdak (plural potential second-person)
murdakci (conditional conditional-i plural third-person)
murtëici (conditional conditional-ii plural third-person)
murtani (plural potential third-person)
murtadakcihën (conditional conditional-i passive)
murdat'akcihën (conditional conditional-i passive)
murtadicihën (conditional conditional-ii passive)
murdatticihën (conditional conditional-ii passive)
murtadanëhën (passive potential)
murdattanëhën (passive potential)
murdakcik (conditional conditional-i connegative)
murtëicik (conditional conditional-ii connegative)
murtanëk (connegative potential)
murtadakcik (conditional conditional-i connegative passive)
murdat'akcik (conditional conditional-i connegative passive)
murtadicik (conditional conditional-ii connegative passive)
murdatticik (conditional conditional-ii connegative passive)
murtadanëk (connegative passive potential)
murdattanëk (connegative passive potential)
murtadak (conditional conditional-i infinitive infinitive-i)
murtaba (active participle present)
murtadapa (participle passive present)
murdattapa (participle passive present)
murtadë- (conditional conditional-i infinitive infinitive-ii)
murtanut (active participle past)
murtadu (participle passive past)
murdattu (participle passive past)
murtama (conditional conditional-i gerund supine)
murtaminen (conditional conditional-i noun-from-verb)

Estonian: murdma/murda

Finnish: murtaa

Ingrian: murtaa

Karelian: murtoa

Livonian: murdõ

Livvi: murtua

Ludian: muurta

Veps: murta

Võro: murdma/murdaq

Votic: murta