hapras

hapras (nominative singular)
haprahët (nominative plural)
haprahën (accusative singular)
haprahët (accusative plural)
haprahën (genitive singular)
haprastën (genitive plural)
haprahidën (genitive plural)
haprasta (partitive singular)
haprahita (partitive plural)
haprahëssa (inessive singular)
haprahëhna (inessive singular)
haprahissa (inessive plural)
haprahihna (inessive plural)
haprahësta (elative singular)
haprahista (elative plural)
haprahësën (illative singular)
haprahisën (illative plural)
haprahëlla (adessive singular)
haprahilla (adessive plural)
haprahëlta (ablative singular)
haprahilta (ablative plural)
haprahëlën (allative singular)
haprahëlëk (allative singular)
haprahilën (allative plural)
haprahilëk (allative plural)
haprassa (essive singular)
haprahina (essive plural)
haprahëksi (singular translative)
haprahiksi (plural translative)
haprahën (instructive singular)
haprahin (instructive plural)
haprassëk (comitative singular)
haprahinëk (comitative plural)
haprahëtta (abessive singular)
haprahitta (abessive plural)

Estonian: habras

Finnish: hauras

Ingrian: habras

Karelian: hapras

Livonian: a’bbõrz

⇒ Ludian: habrak

Võro: habras

Votic: (Mati, Pummala) abraz

From earlier *šapras, possibly borrowed from Proto-Germanic *sauraz (“dirt, filth, wet earth”), compare Icelandic saur.


orpoi

orpoi (nominative singular)
orboit (nominative plural)
orboin (accusative singular)
orboit (accusative plural)
orboin (genitive singular)
orpoidën (genitive plural)
orpoida (partitive singular)
orpoida (partitive plural)
orboissa (inessive singular)
orboihna (inessive singular)
orboissa (inessive plural)
orboihna (inessive plural)
orboista (elative singular)
orboista (elative plural)
orpoihën (illative singular)
orpoihën (illative plural)
orboilla (adessive singular)
orboilla (adessive plural)
orboilta (ablative singular)
orboilta (ablative plural)
orpoilën (allative singular)
orpoilëk (allative singular)
orpoilën (allative plural)
orpoilëk (allative plural)
orpoina (essive singular)
orpoina (essive plural)
orboiksi (singular translative)
orboiksi (plural translative)
orboin (instructive singular)
orboin (instructive plural)
orpoinëk (comitative singular)
orpoinëk (comitative plural)
orboitta (abessive singular)
orboitta (abessive plural)

Finnish: orpo, (dialectal) orvoi

→ Estonian: orb

Ingrian: orpo

Karelian:

North Karelian: orpo

South Karelian: orboi

Livvi: orboi

From Proto-Finno-Ugric *orpa + *-oi, borrowed from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hárbʰas, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₃órbʰos. Cognates include Proto-Samic *oarpēs, Erzya уроз (uroz), Hungarian árva.


hoono

hoono (nominative singular)
hoonot (nominative plural)
hoonon (accusative singular)
hoonot (accusative plural)
hoonon (genitive singular)
hoonodën (genitive plural)
hoonoidën (genitive plural)
hoonoda (partitive singular)
hoonoida (partitive plural)
hoonossa (inessive singular)
hoonohna (inessive singular)
hoonoissa (inessive plural)
hoonoihna (inessive plural)
hoonosta (elative singular)
hoonoista (elative plural)
hoonohën (illative singular)
hoonoihën (illative plural)
hoonolla (adessive singular)
hoonoilla (adessive plural)
hoonolta (ablative singular)
hoonoilta (ablative plural)
hoonolën (allative singular)
hoonolëk (allative singular)
hoonoilën (allative plural)
hoonoilëk (allative plural)
hoonona (essive singular)
hoonoina (essive plural)
hoonoksi (singular translative)
hoonoiksi (plural translative)
hoonon (instructive singular)
hoonoin (instructive plural)
hoononëk (comitative singular)
hoonoinëk (comitative plural)
hoonotta (abessive singular)
hoonoitta (abessive plural)

Estonian: (dialectal) hoon

Finnish: huono

Ingrian: hoono

→ Votic: hoono

Karelian:

North Karelian: huono

South Karelian: huono

Livvi: huono

Ludian: huon

Votic: oono


rik'as

rik'as (nominative singular)
rikkahët (nominative plural)
rikkahën (accusative singular)
rikkahët (accusative plural)
rikkahën (genitive singular)
rik'astën (genitive plural)
rikkahidën (genitive plural)
rik'asta (partitive singular)
rikkahita (partitive plural)
rikkahëssa (inessive singular)
rikkahëhna (inessive singular)
rikkahissa (inessive plural)
rikkahihna (inessive plural)
rikkahësta (elative singular)
rikkahista (elative plural)
rikkahësën (illative singular)
rikkahisën (illative plural)
rikkahëlla (adessive singular)
rikkahilla (adessive plural)
rikkahëlta (ablative singular)
rikkahilta (ablative plural)
rikkahëlën (allative singular)
rikkahëlëk (allative singular)
rikkahilën (allative plural)
rikkahilëk (allative plural)
rik'assa (essive singular)
rikkahina (essive plural)
rikkahëksi (singular translative)
rikkahiksi (plural translative)
rikkahën (instructive singular)
rikkahin (instructive plural)
rik'assëk (comitative singular)
rikkahinëk (comitative plural)
rikkahëtta (abessive singular)
rikkahitta (abessive plural)

Estonian: rikas

Finnish: rikas

Ingrian: rikas

Karelian: rikas

Livonian: rikāz

Livvi: rikas

Võro: rikas

Votic: rikaz


tühjä

tühjä (nominative singular)
tühjät (nominative plural)
tühjän (accusative singular)
tühjät (accusative plural)
tühjän (genitive singular)
tühjäden (genitive plural)
tühjeiden (genitive plural)
tühjädä (partitive singular)
tühjeidä (partitive plural)
tühjässä (inessive singular)
tühjähnä (inessive singular)
tühjeissä (inessive plural)
tühjeihnä (inessive plural)
tühjästä (elative singular)
tühjeistä (elative plural)
tühjähen (illative singular)
tühjeihen (illative plural)
tühjällä (adessive singular)
tühjeillä (adessive plural)
tühjältä (ablative singular)
tühjeiltä (ablative plural)
tühjälen (allative singular)
tühjälek (allative singular)
tühjeilen (allative plural)
tühjeilek (allative plural)
tühjänä (essive singular)
tühjeinä (essive plural)
tühjäksi (singular translative)
tühjeiksi (plural translative)
tühjän (instructive singular)
tühjein (instructive plural)
tühjänek (comitative singular)
tühjeinek (comitative plural)
tühjättä (abessive singular)
tühjeittä (abessive plural)

Estonian: tühi

Finnish: tyhjä

Ingrian: tyhjä

Karelian:

North Karelian: tyhjä

South Karelian: tyhjä

Livonian: (Courland) tijā, (Salaca) tüä

Livvi: tyhjy

Ludian: tühd'

Veps: tühj

Võro: tühi

Votic: tühje

→ Proto-Samic: *tuššē (see there for further descendants)

From earlier *tüšjä, borrowed from Proto-Balto-Slavic *tuskjas (whence Latvian tukšs, Lithuanian tuščias).


muikëda

Finnish: muikea

Karelian:

North Karelian: muikie

South Karelian: muigie

Livvi: muigei

Veps: muiged

Probably from the same root *muja- (with the suffix *-këda) as *muistadak (“to remember, understand”); compare Karelian mujoa (“to taste”), Veps mujada (“to feel, taste, try”), or related to Northern Sami modji (“smile”).


rëëska

rëëska (nominative singular)
rëëskat (nominative plural)
rëëskan (accusative singular)
rëëskat (accusative plural)
rëëskan (genitive singular)
rëëskadën (genitive plural)
rëëskoidën (genitive plural)
rëëskada (partitive singular)
rëëskoida (partitive plural)
rëëskassa (inessive singular)
rëëskahna (inessive singular)
rëëskoissa (inessive plural)
rëëskoihna (inessive plural)
rëëskasta (elative singular)
rëëskoista (elative plural)
rëëskahën (illative singular)
rëëskoihën (illative plural)
rëëskalla (adessive singular)
rëëskoilla (adessive plural)
rëëskalta (ablative singular)
rëëskoilta (ablative plural)
rëëskalën (allative singular)
rëëskalëk (allative singular)
rëëskoilën (allative plural)
rëëskoilëk (allative plural)
rëëskana (essive singular)
rëëskoina (essive plural)
rëëskaksi (singular translative)
rëëskoiksi (plural translative)
rëëskan (instructive singular)
rëëskoin (instructive plural)
rëëskanëk (comitative singular)
rëëskoinëk (comitative plural)
rëëskatta (abessive singular)
rëëskoitta (abessive plural)

Estonian: rõõsk

Finnish: rieska

Ingrian: reeska

Karelian:

North Karelian: rieška

South Karelian: rieška

Livonian: rȭskõ

Livvi: riesku

Ludian: riesk

Veps: resk

Võro: ryysk

Votic: rõõskõ

Borrowed from Proto-Baltic [Term?], from Proto-Balto-Slavic *prḗˀskas, from Proto-Indo-European *preyskos (“fresh”).


këltainën

këltainën (nominative singular)
këltaicët (nominative plural)
këltaicën (accusative singular)
këltaicët (accusative plural)
këltaicën (genitive singular)
këldaictën (genitive plural)
këltaicidën (genitive plural)
këldaicta (partitive singular)
këltaicita (partitive plural)
këltaicëssa (inessive singular)
këltaicëhna (inessive singular)
këltaicissa (inessive plural)
këltaicihna (inessive plural)
këltaicësta (elative singular)
këltaicista (elative plural)
këltaicësën (illative singular)
këltaicisën (illative plural)
këltaicëlla (adessive singular)
këltaicilla (adessive plural)
këltaicëlta (ablative singular)
këltaicilta (ablative plural)
këltaicëlën (allative singular)
këltaicëlëk (allative singular)
këltaicilën (allative plural)
këltaicilëk (allative plural)
këldainna (essive singular)
këltaicina (essive plural)
këltaicëksi (singular translative)
këltaiciksi (plural translative)
këltaicën (instructive singular)
këltaicin (instructive plural)
këldainnëk (comitative singular)
këltaicinëk (comitative plural)
këltaicëtta (abessive singular)
këltaicitta (abessive plural)

Estonian: kollane

Finnish: keltainen

Ingrian: keltain

Karelian:

North Karelian: keltani

South Karelian: keldane

Livvi: keldaine

Ludian: keldaine

Võro: kõllanõ

Votic: kõltain


harmaga

harmaga (nominative singular)
harmagat (nominative plural)
harmagan (accusative singular)
harmagat (accusative plural)
harmagan (genitive singular)
harmagadën (genitive plural)
harmagoidën (genitive plural)
harmagata (partitive singular)
harmagoita (partitive plural)
harmagassa (inessive singular)
harmagahna (inessive singular)
harmagoissa (inessive plural)
harmagoihna (inessive plural)
harmagasta (elative singular)
harmagoista (elative plural)
harmagasën (illative singular)
harmagoisën (illative plural)
harmagalla (adessive singular)
harmagoilla (adessive plural)
harmagalta (ablative singular)
harmagoilta (ablative plural)
harmagalën (allative singular)
harmagalëk (allative singular)
harmagoilën (allative plural)
harmagoilëk (allative plural)
harmagana (essive singular)
harmagoina (essive plural)
harmagaksi (singular translative)
harmagoiksi (plural translative)
harmagan (instructive singular)
harmagoin (instructive plural)
harmaganëk (comitative singular)
harmagoinëk (comitative plural)
harmagatta (abessive singular)
harmagoitta (abessive plural)

Estonian: (dialectal) arm

desc

Finnish: harmaa, (dialectal) harmaja, harmava

Kven: harmaja

Ingrian: harmaa

→ Votic: harma

Karelian:

North Karelian: harmua

South Karelian: harmua

Livvi: harmai

Ludian: harmag

From earlier *šarma > *harma + *-ga, a back vowel variant of *härmä, borrowed from Proto-Baltic [Term?] (whence Latvian serma, sarma and Lithuanian šarma).


tiineh

tiineh (nominative singular)
tiinehet (nominative plural)
tiinehen (accusative singular)
tiinehet (accusative plural)
tiinehen (genitive singular)
tiinehten (genitive plural)
tiinehiden (genitive plural)
tiinehtä (partitive singular)
tiinehitä (partitive plural)
tiinehessä (inessive singular)
tiinehehnä (inessive singular)
tiinehissä (inessive plural)
tiinehihnä (inessive plural)
tiinehestä (elative singular)
tiinehistä (elative plural)
tiinehesen (illative singular)
tiinehisen (illative plural)
tiinehellä (adessive singular)
tiinehillä (adessive plural)
tiineheltä (ablative singular)
tiinehiltä (ablative plural)
tiinehelen (allative singular)
tiinehelek (allative singular)
tiinehilen (allative plural)
tiinehilek (allative plural)
tiinehenä (essive singular)
tiinehinä (essive plural)
tiineheksi (singular translative)
tiinehiksi (plural translative)
tiinehen (instructive singular)
tiinehin (instructive plural)
tiinehenek (comitative singular)
tiinehinek (comitative plural)
tiinehettä (abessive singular)
tiinehittä (abessive plural)

Estonian: tiine

Finnish: tiine

Ingrian: tiine

Karelian: tiineh

Livonian: (Salaca) tīn

Livvi: tiineh

Ludian: tiineh

Veps: tineh

Võro: tiinõq

Votic: tiini

From earlier *tejneš, borrowed from an Indo-European language (probably Balto-Slavic), compare Lithuanian dieni (“pregnant”) and Sanskrit धेनु (dhenu).


cüvä

cüvä (nominative singular)
cüvät (nominative plural)
cüvän (accusative singular)
cüvät (accusative plural)
cüvän (genitive singular)
cüväden (genitive plural)
cüveiden (genitive plural)
cüvädä (partitive singular)
cüveidä (partitive plural)
cüvässä (inessive singular)
cüvähnä (inessive singular)
cüveissä (inessive plural)
cüveihnä (inessive plural)
cüvästä (elative singular)
cüveistä (elative plural)
cüvähen (illative singular)
cüveihen (illative plural)
cüvällä (adessive singular)
cüveillä (adessive plural)
cüvältä (ablative singular)
cüveiltä (ablative plural)
cüvälen (allative singular)
cüvälek (allative singular)
cüveilen (allative plural)
cüveilek (allative plural)
cüvänä (essive singular)
cüveinä (essive plural)
cüväksi (singular translative)
cüveiksi (plural translative)
cüvän (instructive singular)
cüvein (instructive plural)
cüvänek (comitative singular)
cüveinek (comitative plural)
cüvättä (abessive singular)
cüveittä (abessive plural)

Estonian: süva

Finnish: syvä

Ingrian: syvä

Karelian: syvä, šyvä

Livvi: syvä

Ludian: šüvä

Veps: süvä

Võro: süvä

Votic: süvä

Livonian: tõvā

Probably from Proto-Finno-Ugric *tiwä. Cognate with Proto-Samic *tëvē. Has also sometimes been considered a borrowing from Proto-Germanic *deupaz (“deep”), but inheritance is more likely.


rohka

rohka (nominative singular)
rohkat (nominative plural)
rohkan (accusative singular)
rohkat (accusative plural)
rohkan (genitive singular)
rohkadën (genitive plural)
rohkëidën (genitive plural)
rohkada (partitive singular)
rohkëida (partitive plural)
rohkassa (inessive singular)
rohkahna (inessive singular)
rohkëissa (inessive plural)
rohkëihna (inessive plural)
rohkasta (elative singular)
rohkëista (elative plural)
rohkahën (illative singular)
rohkëihën (illative plural)
rohkalla (adessive singular)
rohkëilla (adessive plural)
rohkalta (ablative singular)
rohkëilta (ablative plural)
rohkalën (allative singular)
rohkalëk (allative singular)
rohkëilën (allative plural)
rohkëilëk (allative plural)
rohkana (essive singular)
rohkëina (essive plural)
rohkaksi (singular translative)
rohkëiksi (plural translative)
rohkan (instructive singular)
rohkëin (instructive plural)
rohkanëk (comitative singular)
rohkëinëk (comitative plural)
rohkatta (abessive singular)
rohkëitta (abessive plural)

Estonian: (dialectal) ⇒ rõhke

Finnish: (dialectal) rohka

Karelian:

South Karelian: ruohka

South Karelian: ruohka

Livvi: ruohku

Ludian: ruohk

Veps: rohk

Võro: rõhk

Possibly from Proto-Finno-Permic *roška.


karsa

karsa (nominative singular)
karsat (nominative plural)
karsan (accusative singular)
karsat (accusative plural)
karsan (genitive singular)
karsadën (genitive plural)
karsoidën (genitive plural)
karsada (partitive singular)
karsoida (partitive plural)
karsassa (inessive singular)
karsahna (inessive singular)
karsoissa (inessive plural)
karsoihna (inessive plural)
karsasta (elative singular)
karsoista (elative plural)
karsahën (illative singular)
karsoihën (illative plural)
karsalla (adessive singular)
karsoilla (adessive plural)
karsalta (ablative singular)
karsoilta (ablative plural)
karsalën (allative singular)
karsalëk (allative singular)
karsoilën (allative plural)
karsoilëk (allative plural)
karsana (essive singular)
karsoina (essive plural)
karsaksi (singular translative)
karsoiksi (plural translative)
karsan (instructive singular)
karsoin (instructive plural)
karsanëk (comitative singular)
karsoinëk (comitative plural)
karsatta (abessive singular)
karsoitta (abessive plural)

Estonian: (dialectal) kars, kärss

Finnish: (dialectal) karsa, ⇒ karso

Võro: (Seto) ⇒ karso (“blind person”)

Finnish: karsas

Karelian:

North Karelian: karsas

From earlier *karśa, cognate with Proto-Samic *kuorčōj (whence Northern Sami guoržžu (“one who has the evil eye, evil spirit”)).


veeras

veeras (nominative singular)
veerahët (nominative plural)
veerahën (accusative singular)
veerahët (accusative plural)
veerahën (genitive singular)
veerastën (genitive plural)
veerahidën (genitive plural)
veerasta (partitive singular)
veerahita (partitive plural)
veerahëssa (inessive singular)
veerahëhna (inessive singular)
veerahissa (inessive plural)
veerahihna (inessive plural)
veerahësta (elative singular)
veerahista (elative plural)
veerahësën (illative singular)
veerahisën (illative plural)
veerahëlla (adessive singular)
veerahilla (adessive plural)
veerahëlta (ablative singular)
veerahilta (ablative plural)
veerahëlën (allative singular)
veerahëlëk (allative singular)
veerahilën (allative plural)
veerahilëk (allative plural)
veerassa (essive singular)
veerahina (essive plural)
veerahëksi (singular translative)
veerahiksi (plural translative)
veerahën (instructive singular)
veerahin (instructive plural)
veerassëk (comitative singular)
veerahinëk (comitative plural)
veerahëtta (abessive singular)
veerahitta (abessive plural)

Estonian: võõras

Finnish: vieras

Ingrian: veeras

Karelian: vieras

Livonian: vȭrõz

Livvi: vieras

Ludian: vieraz

Veps: veraz

Võro: võõras

Votic: võõrõz

→ Proto-Samic: *vierēs

Probably *veeri + *-as (the suffix is a variant of *-s), albeit this etymology is not without doubt.


sooja

sooja (nominative singular)
soojat (nominative plural)
soojan (accusative singular)
soojat (accusative plural)
soojan (genitive singular)
soojadën (genitive plural)
soojëidën (genitive plural)
soojada (partitive singular)
soojëida (partitive plural)
soojassa (inessive singular)
soojahna (inessive singular)
soojëissa (inessive plural)
soojëihna (inessive plural)
soojasta (elative singular)
soojëista (elative plural)
soojahën (illative singular)
soojëihën (illative plural)
soojalla (adessive singular)
soojëilla (adessive plural)
soojalta (ablative singular)
soojëilta (ablative plural)
soojalën (allative singular)
soojalëk (allative singular)
soojëilën (allative plural)
soojëilëk (allative plural)
soojana (essive singular)
soojëina (essive plural)
soojaksi (singular translative)
soojëiksi (plural translative)
soojan (instructive singular)
soojëin (instructive plural)
soojanëk (comitative singular)
soojëinëk (comitative plural)
soojatta (abessive singular)
soojëitta (abessive plural)

Estonian: soe

Finnish: suoja

Ingrian: sooja

Karelian:

North Karelian: šuoja

Votic: soojõ


kipedä

kipedä (nominative singular)
kipedät (nominative plural)
kipedän (accusative singular)
kipedät (accusative plural)
kipedän (genitive singular)
kipedäden (genitive plural)
kipedeiden (genitive plural)
kipedätä (partitive singular)
kipedeitä (partitive plural)
kipedässä (inessive singular)
kipedähnä (inessive singular)
kipedeissä (inessive plural)
kipedeihnä (inessive plural)
kipedästä (elative singular)
kipedeistä (elative plural)
kipedäsen (illative singular)
kipedeisen (illative plural)
kipedällä (adessive singular)
kipedeillä (adessive plural)
kipedältä (ablative singular)
kipedeiltä (ablative plural)
kipedälen (allative singular)
kipedälek (allative singular)
kipedeilen (allative plural)
kipedeilek (allative plural)
kipedänä (essive singular)
kipedeinä (essive plural)
kipedäksi (singular translative)
kipedeiksi (plural translative)
kipedän (instructive singular)
kipedein (instructive plural)
kipedänek (comitative singular)
kipedeinek (comitative plural)
kipedättä (abessive singular)
kipedeittä (abessive plural)

Finnish: kipeä

Ingrian: kippiä

Karelian: kipie, kibie

Livvi: kibei

Ludian: kibed

Veps: kibed

q

ambiguous, could also be <i class="Latn mention" lang="urj-fin-pro">*kipedä</i>

Estonian: kibe (ambiguous, could also be *kipedä)

⇒ Livonian: ki’bḑi

Võro: kipõ

Votic: tšippa

Unknown, but apparently contains the suffix *-ëda.


laito

Unclear. Possibly borrowed from Proto-Baltic *slaid- (whence Latvian slaids and Lithuanian šlaitas) or, alternatively, derived from *laita.

unk

Unclear


ahtëra

ahtëra (nominative singular)
ahtërat (nominative plural)
ahtëran (accusative singular)
ahtërat (accusative plural)
ahtëran (genitive singular)
ahtëradën (genitive plural)
ahtëroidën (genitive plural)
ahtërata (partitive singular)
ahtëroita (partitive plural)
ahtërassa (inessive singular)
ahtërahna (inessive singular)
ahtëroissa (inessive plural)
ahtëroihna (inessive plural)
ahtërasta (elative singular)
ahtëroista (elative plural)
ahtërasën (illative singular)
ahtëroisën (illative plural)
ahtëralla (adessive singular)
ahtëroilla (adessive plural)
ahtëralta (ablative singular)
ahtëroilta (ablative plural)
ahtëralën (allative singular)
ahtëralëk (allative singular)
ahtëroilën (allative plural)
ahtëroilëk (allative plural)
ahtërana (essive singular)
ahtëroina (essive plural)
ahtëraksi (singular translative)
ahtëroiksi (plural translative)
ahtëran (instructive singular)
ahtëroin (instructive plural)
ahtëranëk (comitative singular)
ahtëroinëk (comitative plural)
ahtëratta (abessive singular)
ahtëroitta (abessive plural)

Estonian: aher

Finnish: (dialectal) ahtera

Livonian: ǭ’dõrz

Võro: aher

desc

Votic: (Kattila, Mati) ahõr, (Pummala) ahtõra

Possibly from Proto-Finno-Permic *akšterɜ. In any case potentially borrowed from Proto-Indo-Iranian [Term?] (compare Sanskrit अक्षेत्र (ákṣetra, “destitute of fields, uncultivated”)).


puhtas

puhtas (nominative singular)
puhtahët (nominative plural)
puhtahën (accusative singular)
puhtahët (accusative plural)
puhtahën (genitive singular)
puhtastën (genitive plural)
puhtahidën (genitive plural)
puhtasta (partitive singular)
puhtahita (partitive plural)
puhtahëssa (inessive singular)
puhtahëhna (inessive singular)
puhtahissa (inessive plural)
puhtahihna (inessive plural)
puhtahësta (elative singular)
puhtahista (elative plural)
puhtahësën (illative singular)
puhtahisën (illative plural)
puhtahëlla (adessive singular)
puhtahilla (adessive plural)
puhtahëlta (ablative singular)
puhtahilta (ablative plural)
puhtahëlën (allative singular)
puhtahëlëk (allative singular)
puhtahilën (allative plural)
puhtahilëk (allative plural)
puhtassa (essive singular)
puhtahina (essive plural)
puhtahëksi (singular translative)
puhtahiksi (plural translative)
puhtahën (instructive singular)
puhtahin (instructive plural)
puhtassëk (comitative singular)
puhtahinëk (comitative plural)
puhtahëtta (abessive singular)
puhtahitta (abessive plural)

Estonian: puhas

Finnish: puhdas

→ Northern Sami: buhtis

Ingrian: puhas

Karelian: puhaš

Livonian: pū’dõz

Livvi: puhtas

Ludian: puhtaz

Veps: puhtaz

Võro: puhas

Votic: puhaz

Probably borrowed from Proto-Indo-Iranian *puHtás, from Proto-Indo-European *puH-tó-s.


siledä

siledä (nominative singular)
siledät (nominative plural)
siledän (accusative singular)
siledät (accusative plural)
siledän (genitive singular)
siledäden (genitive plural)
siledeiden (genitive plural)
siledätä (partitive singular)
siledeitä (partitive plural)
siledässä (inessive singular)
siledähnä (inessive singular)
siledeissä (inessive plural)
siledeihnä (inessive plural)
siledästä (elative singular)
siledeistä (elative plural)
siledäsen (illative singular)
siledeisen (illative plural)
siledällä (adessive singular)
siledeillä (adessive plural)
siledältä (ablative singular)
siledeiltä (ablative plural)
siledälen (allative singular)
siledälek (allative singular)
siledeilen (allative plural)
siledeilek (allative plural)
siledänä (essive singular)
siledeinä (essive plural)
siledäksi (singular translative)
siledeiksi (plural translative)
siledän (instructive singular)
siledein (instructive plural)
siledänek (comitative singular)
siledeinek (comitative plural)
siledättä (abessive singular)
siledeittä (abessive plural)

Estonian: sile

Finnish: sileä

Ingrian: silliiä

Karelian:

North Karelian: silie

South Karelian: silie

Livvi: silei

Ludian: siled

Veps: siled

Võro: sille

Votic: (Jõgõperä) silliä

→ Proto-Samic: *šëlëtē (see there for further descendants)

*sile- + *-edä. Related to Proto-Samic *čëlëtēk.


lipëda

lipëda (nominative singular)
lipëdat (nominative plural)
lipëdan (accusative singular)
lipëdat (accusative plural)
lipëdan (genitive singular)
lipëdadën (genitive plural)
lipëdëidën (genitive plural)
lipëdata (partitive singular)
lipëdëita (partitive plural)
lipëdassa (inessive singular)
lipëdahna (inessive singular)
lipëdëissa (inessive plural)
lipëdëihna (inessive plural)
lipëdasta (elative singular)
lipëdëista (elative plural)
lipëdasën (illative singular)
lipëdëisën (illative plural)
lipëdalla (adessive singular)
lipëdëilla (adessive plural)
lipëdalta (ablative singular)
lipëdëilta (ablative plural)
lipëdalën (allative singular)
lipëdalëk (allative singular)
lipëdëilën (allative plural)
lipëdëilëk (allative plural)
lipëdana (essive singular)
lipëdëina (essive plural)
lipëdaksi (singular translative)
lipëdëiksi (plural translative)
lipëdan (instructive singular)
lipëdëin (instructive plural)
lipëdanëk (comitative singular)
lipëdëinëk (comitative plural)
lipëdatta (abessive singular)
lipëdëitta (abessive plural)

q

or <i class="Latn mention" lang="urj-fin-pro">*lipedä</i>, ambiguous

Estonian: libe (or *lipedä, ambiguous)

desc

Livonian: (Courland) libḑi, (Salaca) libdi

Võro: lipõ

Votic: lippia, (Kattila, Lempola, Mati) lipõa

Finnish: lipeä

Ingrian: lippiä

Karelian: lipie, libie

Livvi: libei

Ludian: libed

Veps: libed

Votic: lippiä

Unknown, possibly sound-symbolic, but apparently contains the suffix *-ëda.


ahnëh

ahnëh (nominative singular)
ahnëhët (nominative plural)
ahnëhën (accusative singular)
ahnëhët (accusative plural)
ahnëhën (genitive singular)
ahnëhtën (genitive plural)
ahnëhidën (genitive plural)
ahnëhta (partitive singular)
ahnëhita (partitive plural)
ahnëhëssa (inessive singular)
ahnëhëhna (inessive singular)
ahnëhissa (inessive plural)
ahnëhihna (inessive plural)
ahnëhësta (elative singular)
ahnëhista (elative plural)
ahnëhësën (illative singular)
ahnëhisën (illative plural)
ahnëhëlla (adessive singular)
ahnëhilla (adessive plural)
ahnëhëlta (ablative singular)
ahnëhilta (ablative plural)
ahnëhëlën (allative singular)
ahnëhëlëk (allative singular)
ahnëhilën (allative plural)
ahnëhilëk (allative plural)
ahnëhëna (essive singular)
ahnëhina (essive plural)
ahnëhëksi (singular translative)
ahnëhiksi (plural translative)
ahnëhën (instructive singular)
ahnëhin (instructive plural)
ahnëhënëk (comitative singular)
ahnëhinëk (comitative plural)
ahnëhëtta (abessive singular)
ahnëhitta (abessive plural)

Estonian: ahne

Finnish: ahne

Karelian:

North Karelian: ahneh

South Karelian: (dialectal) ahneh

Livvi: ahneh

Võro: ahnõq

Votic: ahnõ


mööhä

mööhä (nominative singular)
mööhät (nominative plural)
mööhän (accusative singular)
mööhät (accusative plural)
mööhän (genitive singular)
mööhäden (genitive plural)
mööheiden (genitive plural)
mööhädä (partitive singular)
mööheidä (partitive plural)
mööhässä (inessive singular)
mööhähnä (inessive singular)
mööheissä (inessive plural)
mööheihnä (inessive plural)
mööhästä (elative singular)
mööheistä (elative plural)
mööhähen (illative singular)
mööheihen (illative plural)
mööhällä (adessive singular)
mööheillä (adessive plural)
mööhältä (ablative singular)
mööheiltä (ablative plural)
mööhälen (allative singular)
mööhälek (allative singular)
mööheilen (allative plural)
mööheilek (allative plural)
mööhänä (essive singular)
mööheinä (essive plural)
mööhäksi (singular translative)
mööheiksi (plural translative)
mööhän (instructive singular)
mööhein (instructive plural)
mööhänek (comitative singular)
mööheinek (comitative plural)
mööhättä (abessive singular)
mööheittä (abessive plural)

Finnish: myöhä

Ingrian: mööhä

Karelian: myöhä

Veps: möhä

Votic: müühe


kovëra

kovëra (nominative singular)
kovërat (nominative plural)
kovëran (accusative singular)
kovërat (accusative plural)
kovëran (genitive singular)
kovëradën (genitive plural)
kovëroidën (genitive plural)
kovërata (partitive singular)
kovëroita (partitive plural)
kovërassa (inessive singular)
kovërahna (inessive singular)
kovëroissa (inessive plural)
kovëroihna (inessive plural)
kovërasta (elative singular)
kovëroista (elative plural)
kovërasën (illative singular)
kovëroisën (illative plural)
kovëralla (adessive singular)
kovëroilla (adessive plural)
kovëralta (ablative singular)
kovëroilta (ablative plural)
kovëralën (allative singular)
kovëralëk (allative singular)
kovëroilën (allative plural)
kovëroilëk (allative plural)
kovërana (essive singular)
kovëroina (essive plural)
kovëraksi (singular translative)
kovëroiksi (plural translative)
kovëran (instructive singular)
kovëroin (instructive plural)
kovëranëk (comitative singular)
kovëroinëk (comitative plural)
kovëratta (abessive singular)
kovëroitta (abessive plural)

Estonian: kõver

Finnish: kovera

Ingrian: kovera

Karelian: kovera

Livonian: kõʼurõ

Livvi: kover

Veps: kover

Võro: kõvvõr'

Votic: koverõ

Unknown. Possibly analyzable as containing the suffix *-ra.


vihainën

vihainën (nominative singular)
vihaicët (nominative plural)
vihaicën (accusative singular)
vihaicët (accusative plural)
vihaicën (genitive singular)
vihaictën (genitive plural)
vihaicidën (genitive plural)
vihaicta (partitive singular)
vihaicita (partitive plural)
vihaicëssa (inessive singular)
vihaicëhna (inessive singular)
vihaicissa (inessive plural)
vihaicihna (inessive plural)
vihaicësta (elative singular)
vihaicista (elative plural)
vihaicësën (illative singular)
vihaicisën (illative plural)
vihaicëlla (adessive singular)
vihaicilla (adessive plural)
vihaicëlta (ablative singular)
vihaicilta (ablative plural)
vihaicëlën (allative singular)
vihaicëlëk (allative singular)
vihaicilën (allative plural)
vihaicilëk (allative plural)
vihainna (essive singular)
vihaicina (essive plural)
vihaicëksi (singular translative)
vihaiciksi (plural translative)
vihaicën (instructive singular)
vihaicin (instructive plural)
vihainnëk (comitative singular)
vihaicinëk (comitative plural)
vihaicëtta (abessive singular)
vihaicitta (abessive plural)

Estonian: vihane

Finnish: vihainen

Ingrian: vihain

Karelian: vihaine

Livvi: vihaine

Võro: vihanõ

Votic: vihain


toorës

toorës (nominative singular)
toorëhët (nominative plural)
toorëhën (accusative singular)
toorëhët (accusative plural)
toorëhën (genitive singular)
toorëstën (genitive plural)
toorëhidën (genitive plural)
toorësta (partitive singular)
toorëhita (partitive plural)
toorëhëssa (inessive singular)
toorëhëhna (inessive singular)
toorëhissa (inessive plural)
toorëhihna (inessive plural)
toorëhësta (elative singular)
toorëhista (elative plural)
toorëhësën (illative singular)
toorëhisën (illative plural)
toorëhëlla (adessive singular)
toorëhilla (adessive plural)
toorëhëlta (ablative singular)
toorëhilta (ablative plural)
toorëhëlën (allative singular)
toorëhëlëk (allative singular)
toorëhilën (allative plural)
toorëhilëk (allative plural)
toorëssa (essive singular)
toorëhina (essive plural)
toorëhëksi (singular translative)
toorëhiksi (plural translative)
toorëhën (instructive singular)
toorëhin (instructive plural)
toorëssëk (comitative singular)
toorëhinëk (comitative plural)
toorëhëtta (abessive singular)
toorëhitta (abessive plural)

Estonian: toores

Karelian: tuores

Livonian: tūorõz

Livvi: tuores

Ludian: tuorez

Veps: torez

Võro: toorõs, tooras

Finnish: tuore

Ingrian: toore

Karelian: tuoreh

Votic: toorõ

Possibly borrowed from a Baltic language, compare Lithuanian dõras (“good, suitable”).


julkëda

julkëda (nominative singular)
julkëdat (nominative plural)
julkëdan (accusative singular)
julkëdat (accusative plural)
julkëdan (genitive singular)
julkëdadën (genitive plural)
julkëdëidën (genitive plural)
julkëdata (partitive singular)
julkëdëita (partitive plural)
julkëdassa (inessive singular)
julkëdahna (inessive singular)
julkëdëissa (inessive plural)
julkëdëihna (inessive plural)
julkëdasta (elative singular)
julkëdëista (elative plural)
julkëdasën (illative singular)
julkëdëisën (illative plural)
julkëdalla (adessive singular)
julkëdëilla (adessive plural)
julkëdalta (ablative singular)
julkëdëilta (ablative plural)
julkëdalën (allative singular)
julkëdalëk (allative singular)
julkëdëilën (allative plural)
julkëdëilëk (allative plural)
julkëdana (essive singular)
julkëdëina (essive plural)
julkëdaksi (singular translative)
julkëdëiksi (plural translative)
julkëdan (instructive singular)
julkëdëin (instructive plural)
julkëdanëk (comitative singular)
julkëdëinëk (comitative plural)
julkëdatta (abessive singular)
julkëdëitta (abessive plural)

Estonian: julge

Finnish: julkea

→ Northern Sami: jolgat

Ingrian: julkia

Karelian: julkie

Livonian: julgi

Livvi: julgei

Võro: julgõ

Votic: julka

Unknown. Sometimes compared to Erzya ёлга- (jolga-) in ёлганя (jolgańa, “flexible, slender, slim”).


kadëh

kadëh (nominative singular)
katëhët (nominative plural)
katëhën (accusative singular)
katëhët (accusative plural)
katëhën (genitive singular)
kadëhtën (genitive plural)
katëhidën (genitive plural)
kadëhta (partitive singular)
katëhita (partitive plural)
katëhëssa (inessive singular)
katëhëhna (inessive singular)
katëhissa (inessive plural)
katëhihna (inessive plural)
katëhësta (elative singular)
katëhista (elative plural)
katëhësën (illative singular)
katëhisën (illative plural)
katëhëlla (adessive singular)
katëhilla (adessive plural)
katëhëlta (ablative singular)
katëhilta (ablative plural)
katëhëlën (allative singular)
katëhëlëk (allative singular)
katëhilën (allative plural)
katëhilëk (allative plural)
katëhëna (essive singular)
katëhina (essive plural)
katëhëksi (singular translative)
katëhiksi (plural translative)
katëhën (instructive singular)
katëhin (instructive plural)
katëhënëk (comitative singular)
katëhinëk (comitative plural)
katëhëtta (abessive singular)
katëhitta (abessive plural)

Estonian: kade

Finnish: kade

→ Northern Sami: gáđaš

Karelian:

North Karelian: kajeh

South Karelian: kajeh

Livonian: ka’d

Veps: kadeh

Võro: kadõ

Borrowed from Proto-Germanic *skaþiz, or *skaþô.


tülppä

tülppä (nominative singular)
tülp'ät (nominative plural)
tülp'än (accusative singular)
tülp'ät (accusative plural)
tülp'än (genitive singular)
tülppäden (genitive plural)
tülppeiden (genitive plural)
tülppädä (partitive singular)
tülppeidä (partitive plural)
tülp'ässä (inessive singular)
tülp'ähnä (inessive singular)
tülp'eissä (inessive plural)
tülp'eihnä (inessive plural)
tülp'ästä (elative singular)
tülp'eistä (elative plural)
tülppähen (illative singular)
tülppeihen (illative plural)
tülp'ällä (adessive singular)
tülp'eillä (adessive plural)
tülp'ältä (ablative singular)
tülp'eiltä (ablative plural)
tülppälen (allative singular)
tülppälek (allative singular)
tülppeilen (allative plural)
tülppeilek (allative plural)
tülppänä (essive singular)
tülppeinä (essive plural)
tülp'äksi (singular translative)
tülp'eiksi (plural translative)
tülp'än (instructive singular)
tülp'ein (instructive plural)
tülppänek (comitative singular)
tülppeinek (comitative plural)
tülp'ättä (abessive singular)
tülp'eittä (abessive plural)

Estonian: tülp

Finnish: tylppä

→ Northern Sami: dulppas

Ingrian: tylppä

Karelian: tylppä

Livonian: tilp, tülp

Livvi: tylppy

⇒ Veps: tülpäk

Votic: tülppe


murëda

murëda (nominative singular)
murëdat (nominative plural)
murëdan (accusative singular)
murëdat (accusative plural)
murëdan (genitive singular)
murëdadën (genitive plural)
murëdëidën (genitive plural)
murëdata (partitive singular)
murëdëita (partitive plural)
murëdassa (inessive singular)
murëdahna (inessive singular)
murëdëissa (inessive plural)
murëdëihna (inessive plural)
murëdasta (elative singular)
murëdëista (elative plural)
murëdasën (illative singular)
murëdëisën (illative plural)
murëdalla (adessive singular)
murëdëilla (adessive plural)
murëdalta (ablative singular)
murëdëilta (ablative plural)
murëdalën (allative singular)
murëdalëk (allative singular)
murëdëilën (allative plural)
murëdëilëk (allative plural)
murëdana (essive singular)
murëdëina (essive plural)
murëdaksi (singular translative)
murëdëiksi (plural translative)
murëdan (instructive singular)
murëdëin (instructive plural)
murëdanëk (comitative singular)
murëdëinëk (comitative plural)
murëdatta (abessive singular)
murëdëitta (abessive plural)

Estonian: mure

Finnish: murea

Ingrian: murria

Karelian: murie

Livvi: murei

Ludian: mured

Veps: mured

Votic: murria


mükkä

mükkä (nominative singular)
mük'ät (nominative plural)
mük'än (accusative singular)
mük'ät (accusative plural)
mük'än (genitive singular)
mükkäden (genitive plural)
mükkeiden (genitive plural)
mükkädä (partitive singular)
mükkeidä (partitive plural)
mük'ässä (inessive singular)
mük'ähnä (inessive singular)
mük'eissä (inessive plural)
mük'eihnä (inessive plural)
mük'ästä (elative singular)
mük'eistä (elative plural)
mükkähen (illative singular)
mükkeihen (illative plural)
mük'ällä (adessive singular)
mük'eillä (adessive plural)
mük'ältä (ablative singular)
mük'eiltä (ablative plural)
mükkälen (allative singular)
mükkälek (allative singular)
mükkeilen (allative plural)
mükkeilek (allative plural)
mükkänä (essive singular)
mükkeinä (essive plural)
mük'äksi (singular translative)
mük'eiksi (plural translative)
mük'än (instructive singular)
mük'ein (instructive plural)
mükkänek (comitative singular)
mükkeinek (comitative plural)
mük'ättä (abessive singular)
mük'eittä (abessive plural)

Finnish: mykkä

→ Estonian: mükk (dialectal)

Ingrian: mykkä

Karelian: mykkä

Votic: müttše

From Proto-Finno-Permic *mükkä. Cognates include Proto-Samic *mëkkētēk (“to stutter”). Possibly ultimately borrowed from an Indo-European language, compare Sanskrit मूक (mūka).


kalsu

kalsu (nominative singular)
kalsut (nominative plural)
kalsun (accusative singular)
kalsut (accusative plural)
kalsun (genitive singular)
kalsudën (genitive plural)
kalsuidën (genitive plural)
kalsuda (partitive singular)
kalsuida (partitive plural)
kalsussa (inessive singular)
kalsuhna (inessive singular)
kalsuissa (inessive plural)
kalsuihna (inessive plural)
kalsusta (elative singular)
kalsuista (elative plural)
kalsuhën (illative singular)
kalsuihën (illative plural)
kalsulla (adessive singular)
kalsuilla (adessive plural)
kalsulta (ablative singular)
kalsuilta (ablative plural)
kalsulën (allative singular)
kalsulëk (allative singular)
kalsuilën (allative plural)
kalsuilëk (allative plural)
kalsuna (essive singular)
kalsuina (essive plural)
kalsuksi (singular translative)
kalsuiksi (plural translative)
kalsun (instructive singular)
kalsuin (instructive plural)
kalsunëk (comitative singular)
kalsuinëk (comitative plural)
kalsutta (abessive singular)
kalsuitta (abessive plural)

Finnish: (dialectal) kalsu, kalso

Karelian:

North Karelian: kalšu

Veps: kauz, kalz


teräbä

teräbä (nominative singular)
teräbät (nominative plural)
teräbän (accusative singular)
teräbät (accusative plural)
teräbän (genitive singular)
teräbäden (genitive plural)
teräbeiden (genitive plural)
teräbätä (partitive singular)
teräbeitä (partitive plural)
teräbässä (inessive singular)
teräbähnä (inessive singular)
teräbeissä (inessive plural)
teräbeihnä (inessive plural)
teräbästä (elative singular)
teräbeistä (elative plural)
teräbäsen (illative singular)
teräbeisen (illative plural)
teräbällä (adessive singular)
teräbeillä (adessive plural)
teräbältä (ablative singular)
teräbeiltä (ablative plural)
teräbälen (allative singular)
teräbälek (allative singular)
teräbeilen (allative plural)
teräbeilek (allative plural)
teräbänä (essive singular)
teräbeinä (essive plural)
teräbäksi (singular translative)
teräbeiksi (plural translative)
teräbän (instructive singular)
teräbein (instructive plural)
teräbänek (comitative singular)
teräbeinek (comitative plural)
teräbättä (abessive singular)
teräbeittä (abessive plural)

Estonian: terav

Finnish: terävä

Ingrian: terävä

Karelian: terävä

Livonian: tierāb

Livvi: terävy, teräy

Ludian: teräu

Veps: terav

Võro: terräv

Votic: teräve


tihedä

tihedä (nominative singular)
tihedät (nominative plural)
tihedän (accusative singular)
tihedät (accusative plural)
tihedän (genitive singular)
tihedäden (genitive plural)
tihedeiden (genitive plural)
tihedätä (partitive singular)
tihedeitä (partitive plural)
tihedässä (inessive singular)
tihedähnä (inessive singular)
tihedeissä (inessive plural)
tihedeihnä (inessive plural)
tihedästä (elative singular)
tihedeistä (elative plural)
tihedäsen (illative singular)
tihedeisen (illative plural)
tihedällä (adessive singular)
tihedeillä (adessive plural)
tihedältä (ablative singular)
tihedeiltä (ablative plural)
tihedälen (allative singular)
tihedälek (allative singular)
tihedeilen (allative plural)
tihedeilek (allative plural)
tihedänä (essive singular)
tihedeinä (essive plural)
tihedäksi (singular translative)
tihedeiksi (plural translative)
tihedän (instructive singular)
tihedein (instructive plural)
tihedänek (comitative singular)
tihedeinek (comitative plural)
tihedättä (abessive singular)
tihedeittä (abessive plural)

Estonian: tihe

Finnish: tiheä

Ingrian: tihhiä

Karelian: tihie

Livvi: tihei

Ludian: tihed

Veps: tihed

Võro: tihhe

*tihe- + *-edä. Possibly akin to Northern Sami daškat.


rautainën

rautainën (nominative singular)
rautaicët (nominative plural)
rautaicën (accusative singular)
rautaicët (accusative plural)
rautaicën (genitive singular)
raudaictën (genitive plural)
rautaicidën (genitive plural)
raudaicta (partitive singular)
rautaicita (partitive plural)
rautaicëssa (inessive singular)
rautaicëhna (inessive singular)
rautaicissa (inessive plural)
rautaicihna (inessive plural)
rautaicësta (elative singular)
rautaicista (elative plural)
rautaicësën (illative singular)
rautaicisën (illative plural)
rautaicëlla (adessive singular)
rautaicilla (adessive plural)
rautaicëlta (ablative singular)
rautaicilta (ablative plural)
rautaicëlën (allative singular)
rautaicëlëk (allative singular)
rautaicilën (allative plural)
rautaicilëk (allative plural)
raudainna (essive singular)
rautaicina (essive plural)
rautaicëksi (singular translative)
rautaiciksi (plural translative)
rautaicën (instructive singular)
rautaicin (instructive plural)
raudainnëk (comitative singular)
rautaicinëk (comitative plural)
rautaicëtta (abessive singular)
rautaicitta (abessive plural)

Estonian: raudne

Finnish: rautainen

Ingrian: rautain

Karelian: rautani

Livonian: roudi

Livvi: raudaine

Ludian: raudaine

Veps: raudaine

Võro: ravvanõ

Votic: rautõn


soolainën

soolainën (nominative singular)
soolaicët (nominative plural)
soolaicën (accusative singular)
soolaicët (accusative plural)
soolaicën (genitive singular)
soolaictën (genitive plural)
soolaicidën (genitive plural)
soolaicta (partitive singular)
soolaicita (partitive plural)
soolaicëssa (inessive singular)
soolaicëhna (inessive singular)
soolaicissa (inessive plural)
soolaicihna (inessive plural)
soolaicësta (elative singular)
soolaicista (elative plural)
soolaicësën (illative singular)
soolaicisën (illative plural)
soolaicëlla (adessive singular)
soolaicilla (adessive plural)
soolaicëlta (ablative singular)
soolaicilta (ablative plural)
soolaicëlën (allative singular)
soolaicëlëk (allative singular)
soolaicilën (allative plural)
soolaicilëk (allative plural)
soolainna (essive singular)
soolaicina (essive plural)
soolaicëksi (singular translative)
soolaiciksi (plural translative)
soolaicën (instructive singular)
soolaicin (instructive plural)
soolainnëk (comitative singular)
soolaicinëk (comitative plural)
soolaicëtta (abessive singular)
soolaicitta (abessive plural)

Estonian: soolane

Finnish: suolainen

Ingrian: soolain

Karelian: suolaine, suolahine

Livonian: sūoli

Livvi: suolaine

Ludian: suolaine

Võro: soolanõ

Votic: soolõn


turpëda

turpëda (nominative singular)
turpëdat (nominative plural)
turpëdan (accusative singular)
turpëdat (accusative plural)
turpëdan (genitive singular)
turpëdadën (genitive plural)
turpëdëidën (genitive plural)
turpëdata (partitive singular)
turpëdëita (partitive plural)
turpëdassa (inessive singular)
turpëdahna (inessive singular)
turpëdëissa (inessive plural)
turpëdëihna (inessive plural)
turpëdasta (elative singular)
turpëdëista (elative plural)
turpëdasën (illative singular)
turpëdëisën (illative plural)
turpëdalla (adessive singular)
turpëdëilla (adessive plural)
turpëdalta (ablative singular)
turpëdëilta (ablative plural)
turpëdalën (allative singular)
turpëdalëk (allative singular)
turpëdëilën (allative plural)
turpëdëilëk (allative plural)
turpëdana (essive singular)
turpëdëina (essive plural)
turpëdaksi (singular translative)
turpëdëiksi (plural translative)
turpëdan (instructive singular)
turpëdëin (instructive plural)
turpëdanëk (comitative singular)
turpëdëinëk (comitative plural)
turpëdatta (abessive singular)
turpëdëitta (abessive plural)

Finnish: turpea

Ingrian: turpia

Karelian: turpie

Livvi: turbei

Ludian: turbed

Votic: turpa

Unknown, but apparently contains the suffix *-ëda. If *turbot'ak were an old derivative, a root *turpa- appears more likely than *turpe-, which would have yielded *turbut'ak.


kolëda

kolëda (nominative singular)
kolëdat (nominative plural)
kolëdan (accusative singular)
kolëdat (accusative plural)
kolëdan (genitive singular)
kolëdadën (genitive plural)
kolëdëidën (genitive plural)
kolëdata (partitive singular)
kolëdëita (partitive plural)
kolëdassa (inessive singular)
kolëdahna (inessive singular)
kolëdëissa (inessive plural)
kolëdëihna (inessive plural)
kolëdasta (elative singular)
kolëdëista (elative plural)
kolëdasën (illative singular)
kolëdëisën (illative plural)
kolëdalla (adessive singular)
kolëdëilla (adessive plural)
kolëdalta (ablative singular)
kolëdëilta (ablative plural)
kolëdalën (allative singular)
kolëdalëk (allative singular)
kolëdëilën (allative plural)
kolëdëilëk (allative plural)
kolëdana (essive singular)
kolëdëina (essive plural)
kolëdaksi (singular translative)
kolëdëiksi (plural translative)
kolëdan (instructive singular)
kolëdëin (instructive plural)
kolëdanëk (comitative singular)
kolëdëinëk (comitative plural)
kolëdatta (abessive singular)
kolëdëitta (abessive plural)

Estonian: kole

Finnish: kolea

Karelian: kolie

Livonian: kõ’l

Võro: kõllõ

Votic: kõla

Probably from Proto-Germanic *kōluz, *kōlaz + *-ëda.


huikëda

Probably from earlier *šujka, borrowed from Proto-Germanic *swiką + *-ëda.


nürhi

nürhi (nominative singular)
nürhit (nominative plural)
nürhin (accusative singular)
nürhit (accusative plural)
nürhin (genitive singular)
nürhiden (genitive plural)
nürhejiden (genitive plural)
nürhidä (partitive singular)
nürhejitä (partitive plural)
nürhissä (inessive singular)
nürhihnä (inessive singular)
nürhejissä (inessive plural)
nürhejihnä (inessive plural)
nürhistä (elative singular)
nürhejistä (elative plural)
nürhihen (illative singular)
nürhejisen (illative plural)
nürhillä (adessive singular)
nürhejillä (adessive plural)
nürhiltä (ablative singular)
nürhejiltä (ablative plural)
nürhilen (allative singular)
nürhilek (allative singular)
nürhejilen (allative plural)
nürhejilek (allative plural)
nürhinä (essive singular)
nürhejinä (essive plural)
nürhiksi (singular translative)
nürhejiksi (plural translative)
nürhin (instructive singular)
nürhejin (instructive plural)
nürhinek (comitative singular)
nürhejinek (comitative plural)
nürhittä (abessive singular)
nürhejittä (abessive plural)

Estonian: nüri

Finnish: nyrhi

Ingrian: nyrhi

Karelian: nyrhi

Võro: nühr

Votic: (Jõgõperä) nüri


levedä

levedä (nominative singular)
levedät (nominative plural)
levedän (accusative singular)
levedät (accusative plural)
levedän (genitive singular)
levedäden (genitive plural)
levedeiden (genitive plural)
levedätä (partitive singular)
levedeitä (partitive plural)
levedässä (inessive singular)
levedähnä (inessive singular)
levedeissä (inessive plural)
levedeihnä (inessive plural)
levedästä (elative singular)
levedeistä (elative plural)
levedäsen (illative singular)
levedeisen (illative plural)
levedällä (adessive singular)
levedeillä (adessive plural)
levedältä (ablative singular)
levedeiltä (ablative plural)
levedälen (allative singular)
levedälek (allative singular)
levedeilen (allative plural)
levedeilek (allative plural)
levedänä (essive singular)
levedeinä (essive plural)
levedäksi (singular translative)
levedeiksi (plural translative)
levedän (instructive singular)
levedein (instructive plural)
levedänek (comitative singular)
levedeinek (comitative plural)
levedättä (abessive singular)
levedeittä (abessive plural)

Finnish: leveä

Ingrian: levviä

Karelian: levie

Livvi: levei

Ludian: leved

Veps: leved

Votic: (Mati) leviä

Unknown. Probably in some way related to *levä- (whence Finnish levällään); either *levedä is derived from it (and thus *levä- + *-edä), or it is a back-formation of *levedä.


ülpedä

ülpedä (nominative singular)
ülpedät (nominative plural)
ülpedän (accusative singular)
ülpedät (accusative plural)
ülpedän (genitive singular)
ülpedäden (genitive plural)
ülpedeiden (genitive plural)
ülpedätä (partitive singular)
ülpedeitä (partitive plural)
ülpedässä (inessive singular)
ülpedähnä (inessive singular)
ülpedeissä (inessive plural)
ülpedeihnä (inessive plural)
ülpedästä (elative singular)
ülpedeistä (elative plural)
ülpedäsen (illative singular)
ülpedeisen (illative plural)
ülpedällä (adessive singular)
ülpedeillä (adessive plural)
ülpedältä (ablative singular)
ülpedeiltä (ablative plural)
ülpedälen (allative singular)
ülpedälek (allative singular)
ülpedeilen (allative plural)
ülpedeilek (allative plural)
ülpedänä (essive singular)
ülpedeinä (essive plural)
ülpedäksi (singular translative)
ülpedeiksi (plural translative)
ülpedän (instructive singular)
ülpedein (instructive plural)
ülpedänek (comitative singular)
ülpedeinek (comitative plural)
ülpedättä (abessive singular)
ülpedeittä (abessive plural)

Estonian: ülbe

Finnish: ylpeä

→ Inari Sami: ilbâd

→ Northern Sami: hilbat

Ingrian: ylpiä

Karelian:

North Karelian: ylpie

South Karelian: ylbie

Livvi: ylbei

Votic: ülpiä

Possibly derived from *ülä with + *-edä, although the origin of the *-p- is unclear.


vajaga

vajaga (nominative singular)
vajagat (nominative plural)
vajagan (accusative singular)
vajagat (accusative plural)
vajagan (genitive singular)
vajagadën (genitive plural)
vajagoidën (genitive plural)
vajagata (partitive singular)
vajagoita (partitive plural)
vajagassa (inessive singular)
vajagahna (inessive singular)
vajagoissa (inessive plural)
vajagoihna (inessive plural)
vajagasta (elative singular)
vajagoista (elative plural)
vajagasën (illative singular)
vajagoisën (illative plural)
vajagalla (adessive singular)
vajagoilla (adessive plural)
vajagalta (ablative singular)
vajagoilta (ablative plural)
vajagalën (allative singular)
vajagalëk (allative singular)
vajagoilën (allative plural)
vajagoilëk (allative plural)
vajagana (essive singular)
vajagoina (essive plural)
vajagaksi (singular translative)
vajagoiksi (plural translative)
vajagan (instructive singular)
vajagoin (instructive plural)
vajaganëk (comitative singular)
vajagoinëk (comitative plural)
vajagatta (abessive singular)
vajagoitta (abessive plural)

Estonian: vaja

Finnish: vajaa

→ Inari Sami: vááijuv

→ Skolt Sami: väjja

→ Northern Sami: vádjit

Ingrian: vaijaa

Karelian: vajoa

Livonian: vajāg

→ Latvian: vajag

⇒ Latvian: vajadzēt

Livvi: vajai

Ludian: vajag

Veps: vajag

Võro: vajja, vaia

Votic: vajja, vajagõ

*vaja- + *-ga. From the same root as *vajot'ak (cf. Finnish vajota).


nockëda

nockëda (nominative singular)
nockëdat (nominative plural)
nockëdan (accusative singular)
nockëdat (accusative plural)
nockëdan (genitive singular)
nockëdadën (genitive plural)
nockëdëidën (genitive plural)
nockëdata (partitive singular)
nockëdëita (partitive plural)
nockëdassa (inessive singular)
nockëdahna (inessive singular)
nockëdëissa (inessive plural)
nockëdëihna (inessive plural)
nockëdasta (elative singular)
nockëdëista (elative plural)
nockëdasën (illative singular)
nockëdëisën (illative plural)
nockëdalla (adessive singular)
nockëdëilla (adessive plural)
nockëdalta (ablative singular)
nockëdëilta (ablative plural)
nockëdalën (allative singular)
nockëdalëk (allative singular)
nockëdëilën (allative plural)
nockëdëilëk (allative plural)
nockëdana (essive singular)
nockëdëina (essive plural)
nockëdaksi (singular translative)
nockëdëiksi (plural translative)
nockëdan (instructive singular)
nockëdëin (instructive plural)
nockëdanëk (comitative singular)
nockëdëinëk (comitative plural)
nockëdatta (abessive singular)
nockëdëitta (abessive plural)

Estonian: nõtke

Finnish: notkea

Ingrian: notkia

Karelian: notkie

Livvi: notkei

Ludian: notked

Veps: notked

Votic: (Mati, Pummala) nõtkõa


jämedä

jämedä (nominative singular)
jämedät (nominative plural)
jämedän (accusative singular)
jämedät (accusative plural)
jämedän (genitive singular)
jämedäden (genitive plural)
jämedeiden (genitive plural)
jämedätä (partitive singular)
jämedeitä (partitive plural)
jämedässä (inessive singular)
jämedähnä (inessive singular)
jämedeissä (inessive plural)
jämedeihnä (inessive plural)
jämedästä (elative singular)
jämedeistä (elative plural)
jämedäsen (illative singular)
jämedeisen (illative plural)
jämedällä (adessive singular)
jämedeillä (adessive plural)
jämedältä (ablative singular)
jämedeiltä (ablative plural)
jämedälen (allative singular)
jämedälek (allative singular)
jämedeilen (allative plural)
jämedeilek (allative plural)
jämedänä (essive singular)
jämedeinä (essive plural)
jämedäksi (singular translative)
jämedeiksi (plural translative)
jämedän (instructive singular)
jämedein (instructive plural)
jämedänek (comitative singular)
jämedeinek (comitative plural)
jämedättä (abessive singular)
jämedeittä (abessive plural)

Estonian: jäme

Finnish: jämeä

Ingrian: jämmiä

Karelian:

North Karelian: jämie

South Karelian: jämie

Livonian: ja’mdõ

Livvi: jämei

Ludian: d'ämed

Veps: jämed

Võro: jämme

Votic: jämmiä

Finnish: jämäkkä

Karelian:

North Karelian: jämäkkä

South Karelian: jämäkkä

Livvi: ⇒ jämäkkö

From earlier *jämä-tä, derived from Proto-Finno-Permic *jämä- with the suffix *-ëda.


autugas

autugas (nominative singular)
autugasët (nominative plural)
autugasën (accusative singular)
autugasët (accusative plural)
autugasën (genitive singular)
autugastën (genitive plural)
autugasidën (genitive plural)
autugasta (partitive singular)
autugasida (partitive plural)
autugasëssa (inessive singular)
autugasëhna (inessive singular)
autugasissa (inessive plural)
autugasihna (inessive plural)
autugasësta (elative singular)
autugasista (elative plural)
autugasëhën (illative singular)
autugasihën (illative plural)
autugasëlla (adessive singular)
autugasilla (adessive plural)
autugasëlta (ablative singular)
autugasilta (ablative plural)
autugasëlën (allative singular)
autugasëlëk (allative singular)
autugasilën (allative plural)
autugasilëk (allative plural)
autugassa (essive singular)
autugasina (essive plural)
autugasëksi (singular translative)
autugasiksi (plural translative)
autugasën (instructive singular)
autugasin (instructive plural)
autugassëk (comitative singular)
autugasinëk (comitative plural)
autugasëtta (abessive singular)
autugasitta (abessive plural)

Estonian: auduv, hauduv (obsolete)

Finnish: autuas, (dialectal) autuvas

→ Inari Sami: avdâgâs

→ Northern Sami: ávdugas

Karelian:

North Karelian: (dialectal) autuoš


keero

keero (nominative singular)
keerot (nominative plural)
keeron (accusative singular)
keerot (accusative plural)
keeron (genitive singular)
keerodën (genitive plural)
keeroidën (genitive plural)
keeroda (partitive singular)
keeroida (partitive plural)
keerossa (inessive singular)
keerohna (inessive singular)
keeroissa (inessive plural)
keeroihna (inessive plural)
keerosta (elative singular)
keeroista (elative plural)
keerohën (illative singular)
keeroihën (illative plural)
keerolla (adessive singular)
keeroilla (adessive plural)
keerolta (ablative singular)
keeroilta (ablative plural)
keerolën (allative singular)
keerolëk (allative singular)
keeroilën (allative plural)
keeroilëk (allative plural)
keerona (essive singular)
keeroina (essive plural)
keeroksi (singular translative)
keeroiksi (plural translative)
keeron (instructive singular)
keeroin (instructive plural)
keeronëk (comitative singular)
keeroinëk (comitative plural)
keerotta (abessive singular)
keeroitta (abessive plural)

Estonian: keer

Finnish: kiero

Ingrian: keero

Karelian: kiero

Livonian: kier

From *keerä + *-o (or directly from *keerdäk).


uhkëda

uhkëda (nominative singular)
uhkëdat (nominative plural)
uhkëdan (accusative singular)
uhkëdat (accusative plural)
uhkëdan (genitive singular)
uhkëdadën (genitive plural)
uhkëdëidën (genitive plural)
uhkëdata (partitive singular)
uhkëdëita (partitive plural)
uhkëdassa (inessive singular)
uhkëdahna (inessive singular)
uhkëdëissa (inessive plural)
uhkëdëihna (inessive plural)
uhkëdasta (elative singular)
uhkëdëista (elative plural)
uhkëdasën (illative singular)
uhkëdëisën (illative plural)
uhkëdalla (adessive singular)
uhkëdëilla (adessive plural)
uhkëdalta (ablative singular)
uhkëdëilta (ablative plural)
uhkëdalën (allative singular)
uhkëdalëk (allative singular)
uhkëdëilën (allative plural)
uhkëdëilëk (allative plural)
uhkëdana (essive singular)
uhkëdëina (essive plural)
uhkëdaksi (singular translative)
uhkëdëiksi (plural translative)
uhkëdan (instructive singular)
uhkëdëin (instructive plural)
uhkëdanëk (comitative singular)
uhkëdëinëk (comitative plural)
uhkëdatta (abessive singular)
uhkëdëitta (abessive plural)

Estonian: uhke

→ Livonian: ukāz

Finnish: uhkea

Ingrian: uhkia

Karelian: uhkie

Võro: uhkõ

Votic: uhka


tumëda

tumëda (nominative singular)
tumëdat (nominative plural)
tumëdan (accusative singular)
tumëdat (accusative plural)
tumëdan (genitive singular)
tumëdadën (genitive plural)
tumëdëidën (genitive plural)
tumëdata (partitive singular)
tumëdëita (partitive plural)
tumëdassa (inessive singular)
tumëdahna (inessive singular)
tumëdëissa (inessive plural)
tumëdëihna (inessive plural)
tumëdasta (elative singular)
tumëdëista (elative plural)
tumëdasën (illative singular)
tumëdëisën (illative plural)
tumëdalla (adessive singular)
tumëdëilla (adessive plural)
tumëdalta (ablative singular)
tumëdëilta (ablative plural)
tumëdalën (allative singular)
tumëdalëk (allative singular)
tumëdëilën (allative plural)
tumëdëilëk (allative plural)
tumëdana (essive singular)
tumëdëina (essive plural)
tumëdaksi (singular translative)
tumëdëiksi (plural translative)
tumëdan (instructive singular)
tumëdëin (instructive plural)
tumëdanëk (comitative singular)
tumëdëinëk (comitative plural)
tumëdatta (abessive singular)
tumëdëitta (abessive plural)

Estonian: tume

Finnish: tumea (dialectal)

Karelian: tumie

Livvi: tumei

Võro: tummõ

Votic: (Jõgõperä) tuma

Probably from the same root as *tumma + *-ëda. Possibly ultimately borrowed from Proto-Norse [Term?] (compare Faroese stummur (“pitch-black”)), or alternatively from Proto-Baltic [Term?] (compare Latvian tumšs).


muinainën

muinainën (nominative singular)
muinaicët (nominative plural)
muinaicën (accusative singular)
muinaicët (accusative plural)
muinaicën (genitive singular)
muinaictën (genitive plural)
muinaicidën (genitive plural)
muinaicta (partitive singular)
muinaicita (partitive plural)
muinaicëssa (inessive singular)
muinaicëhna (inessive singular)
muinaicissa (inessive plural)
muinaicihna (inessive plural)
muinaicësta (elative singular)
muinaicista (elative plural)
muinaicësën (illative singular)
muinaicisën (illative plural)
muinaicëlla (adessive singular)
muinaicilla (adessive plural)
muinaicëlta (ablative singular)
muinaicilta (ablative plural)
muinaicëlën (allative singular)
muinaicëlëk (allative singular)
muinaicilën (allative plural)
muinaicilëk (allative plural)
muinainna (essive singular)
muinaicina (essive plural)
muinaicëksi (singular translative)
muinaiciksi (plural translative)
muinaicën (instructive singular)
muinaicin (instructive plural)
muinainnëk (comitative singular)
muinaicinëk (comitative plural)
muinaicëtta (abessive singular)
muinaicitta (abessive plural)

Estonian: muinane (dialectal)

Finnish: muinainen

Karelian: muinoine

Livonian: muini

Votic: muina


nëtra

nëtra (nominative singular)
nëtrat (nominative plural)
nëtran (accusative singular)
nëtrat (accusative plural)
nëtran (genitive singular)
nëtradën (genitive plural)
nëtroidën (genitive plural)
nëtrada (partitive singular)
nëtroida (partitive plural)
nëtrassa (inessive singular)
nëtrahna (inessive singular)
nëtroissa (inessive plural)
nëtroihna (inessive plural)
nëtrasta (elative singular)
nëtroista (elative plural)
nëtrahën (illative singular)
nëtroihën (illative plural)
nëtralla (adessive singular)
nëtroilla (adessive plural)
nëtralta (ablative singular)
nëtroilta (ablative plural)
nëtralën (allative singular)
nëtralëk (allative singular)
nëtroilën (allative plural)
nëtroilëk (allative plural)
nëtrana (essive singular)
nëtroina (essive plural)
nëtraksi (singular translative)
nëtroiksi (plural translative)
nëtran (instructive singular)
nëtroin (instructive plural)
nëtranëk (comitative singular)
nëtroinëk (comitative plural)
nëtratta (abessive singular)
nëtroitta (abessive plural)

Estonian: nõder

Livonian: nõ’ddõrz

Võro: nõtr, nõdõr, nõdyr'

Votic: nõdrõ

→ Ingrian: nodra

Finnish: nöyrä, (obsolete) neyrä

→ Ingrian: nöyrä

→? Karelian:

North Karelian: neyrä

South Karelian: neyrä

→? Livvi: neyry

→ Proto-Samic: *neavrē


tülccä

tülccä (nominative singular)
tülc'ät (nominative plural)
tülc'än (accusative singular)
tülc'ät (accusative plural)
tülc'än (genitive singular)
tülccäden (genitive plural)
tülcceiden (genitive plural)
tülccädä (partitive singular)
tülcceidä (partitive plural)
tülc'ässä (inessive singular)
tülc'ähnä (inessive singular)
tülc'eissä (inessive plural)
tülc'eihnä (inessive plural)
tülc'ästä (elative singular)
tülc'eistä (elative plural)
tülccähen (illative singular)
tülcceihen (illative plural)
tülc'ällä (adessive singular)
tülc'eillä (adessive plural)
tülc'ältä (ablative singular)
tülc'eiltä (ablative plural)
tülccälen (allative singular)
tülccälek (allative singular)
tülcceilen (allative plural)
tülcceilek (allative plural)
tülccänä (essive singular)
tülcceinä (essive plural)
tülc'äksi (singular translative)
tülc'eiksi (plural translative)
tülc'än (instructive singular)
tülc'ein (instructive plural)
tülccänek (comitative singular)
tülcceinek (comitative plural)
tülc'ättä (abessive singular)
tülc'eittä (abessive plural)

Estonian: (dialectal) tülts

< <i class="Latn mention" lang="urj-fin-pro">*tülcä</i>

Finnish: tylsä (< *tülcä), (dialectal) tyltsä

→ Inari Sami: tulcce

→ Northern Sami: dilsi

Ingrian: tyltsä

Karelian:

North Karelian: tylččä

South Karelian: tylččä

Livonian: tȭlza, tȭldza

Livvi: tülččü

Ludian: tülč, tülče

Veps: tülc, tüuc


väkebä

väkebä (nominative singular)
väkebät (nominative plural)
väkebän (accusative singular)
väkebät (accusative plural)
väkebän (genitive singular)
väkebäden (genitive plural)
väkebeiden (genitive plural)
väkebätä (partitive singular)
väkebeitä (partitive plural)
väkebässä (inessive singular)
väkebähnä (inessive singular)
väkebeissä (inessive plural)
väkebeihnä (inessive plural)
väkebästä (elative singular)
väkebeistä (elative plural)
väkebäsen (illative singular)
väkebeisen (illative plural)
väkebällä (adessive singular)
väkebeillä (adessive plural)
väkebältä (ablative singular)
väkebeiltä (ablative plural)
väkebälen (allative singular)
väkebälek (allative singular)
väkebeilen (allative plural)
väkebeilek (allative plural)
väkebänä (essive singular)
väkebeinä (essive plural)
väkebäksi (singular translative)
väkebeiksi (plural translative)
väkebän (instructive singular)
väkebein (instructive plural)
väkebänek (comitative singular)
väkebeinek (comitative plural)
väkebättä (abessive singular)
väkebeittä (abessive plural)

Estonian: vägev

Finnish: väkevä

Ingrian: väkövä, väkevä

Karelian:

North Karelian: väkövä

South Karelian: vägövä, vägevä

Livvi: vägevy, vägöy

Ludian: vägev, vägeu

Veps: vägev

Võro: väkev

Votic: vätševe


läülä

läülä (nominative singular)
läülät (nominative plural)
läülän (accusative singular)
läülät (accusative plural)
läülän (genitive singular)
läüläden (genitive plural)
läüleiden (genitive plural)
läülädä (partitive singular)
läüleidä (partitive plural)
läülässä (inessive singular)
läülähnä (inessive singular)
läüleissä (inessive plural)
läüleihnä (inessive plural)
läülästä (elative singular)
läüleistä (elative plural)
läülähen (illative singular)
läüleihen (illative plural)
läülällä (adessive singular)
läüleillä (adessive plural)
läülältä (ablative singular)
läüleiltä (ablative plural)
läülälen (allative singular)
läülälek (allative singular)
läüleilen (allative plural)
läüleilek (allative plural)
läülänä (essive singular)
läüleinä (essive plural)
läüläksi (singular translative)
läüleiksi (plural translative)
läülän (instructive singular)
läülein (instructive plural)
läülänek (comitative singular)
läüleinek (comitative plural)
läülättä (abessive singular)
läüleittä (abessive plural)

Estonian: läila

Finnish: (dialectal) läylä

⇒ Livonian: lǟlam

Võro: läülä

Votic: (Rudja) läülä

Finnish: (dialectal) läyli

⇒ Karelian: läylen

⇒ Livvi: läylen

⇒ Ludian: läülen

⇒ Veps: löumei


heredä

Finnish: hereä

From *hëra + *-edä. Originally with back vowels (*hërëda), but associated with etymology 2.


heredä

Estonian: ere

From *her- + *-edä, derived from a Baltic root. Compare Lithuanian žė́ra. Cognate with Northern Sami šearrat.


heredä

Finnish: hereä (dialectal)

Karelian: herie

Probably by semantic shift from etymology 1, even if a connection with etymology 2 has also been proposed. Back-vowel forms like *hërkka were probably original as with etymology 1.


järedä

järedä (nominative singular)
järedät (nominative plural)
järedän (accusative singular)
järedät (accusative plural)
järedän (genitive singular)
järedäden (genitive plural)
järedeiden (genitive plural)
järedätä (partitive singular)
järedeitä (partitive plural)
järedässä (inessive singular)
järedähnä (inessive singular)
järedeissä (inessive plural)
järedeihnä (inessive plural)
järedästä (elative singular)
järedeistä (elative plural)
järedäsen (illative singular)
järedeisen (illative plural)
järedällä (adessive singular)
järedeillä (adessive plural)
järedältä (ablative singular)
järedeiltä (ablative plural)
järedälen (allative singular)
järedälek (allative singular)
järedeilen (allative plural)
järedeilek (allative plural)
järedänä (essive singular)
järedeinä (essive plural)
järedäksi (singular translative)
järedeiksi (plural translative)
järedän (instructive singular)
järedein (instructive plural)
järedänek (comitative singular)
järedeinek (comitative plural)
järedättä (abessive singular)
järedeittä (abessive plural)

Estonian: (dialectal) järe

Finnish: järeä

Ingrian: järriä

Karelian:

North Karelian: järie

South Karelian: järie

>? Livonian: järk (Salaca)

Livvi: järei

Ludian: d'äred

Veps: järed

Võro: järre

Votic: (Jõgõperä) järiä

Unknown, but apparently contains the suffix *-ëda.


hahka

Possibly from Proto-Finno-Ugric *ačka (“white”).


jürkkä

jürkkä (nominative singular)
jürk'ät (nominative plural)
jürk'än (accusative singular)
jürk'ät (accusative plural)
jürk'än (genitive singular)
jürkkäden (genitive plural)
jürkkeiden (genitive plural)
jürkkädä (partitive singular)
jürkkeidä (partitive plural)
jürk'ässä (inessive singular)
jürk'ähnä (inessive singular)
jürk'eissä (inessive plural)
jürk'eihnä (inessive plural)
jürk'ästä (elative singular)
jürk'eistä (elative plural)
jürkkähen (illative singular)
jürkkeihen (illative plural)
jürk'ällä (adessive singular)
jürk'eillä (adessive plural)
jürk'ältä (ablative singular)
jürk'eiltä (ablative plural)
jürkkälen (allative singular)
jürkkälek (allative singular)
jürkkeilen (allative plural)
jürkkeilek (allative plural)
jürkkänä (essive singular)
jürkkeinä (essive plural)
jürk'äksi (singular translative)
jürk'eiksi (plural translative)
jürk'än (instructive singular)
jürk'ein (instructive plural)
jürkkänek (comitative singular)
jürkkeinek (comitative plural)
jürk'ättä (abessive singular)
jürk'eittä (abessive plural)

Finnish: jyrkkä

Ingrian: jyrkkä

→ Votic: jürkkü

Karelian: jyrkkä

Livvi: jyrkky

Ludian: d'ürk

Veps: mürk

From the same root as *jürkedä (Finnish jyrkeä, Livonian jurg), from earlier *jürke-. Further origin unknown.


kackëra

kackëra (nominative singular)
kackërat (nominative plural)
kackëran (accusative singular)
kackërat (accusative plural)
kackëran (genitive singular)
kackëradën (genitive plural)
kackëroidën (genitive plural)
kackërata (partitive singular)
kackëroita (partitive plural)
kackërassa (inessive singular)
kackërahna (inessive singular)
kackëroissa (inessive plural)
kackëroihna (inessive plural)
kackërasta (elative singular)
kackëroista (elative plural)
kackërasën (illative singular)
kackëroisën (illative plural)
kackëralla (adessive singular)
kackëroilla (adessive plural)
kackëralta (ablative singular)
kackëroilta (ablative plural)
kackëralën (allative singular)
kackëralëk (allative singular)
kackëroilën (allative plural)
kackëroilëk (allative plural)
kackërana (essive singular)
kackëroina (essive plural)
kackëraksi (singular translative)
kackëroiksi (plural translative)
kackëran (instructive singular)
kackëroin (instructive plural)
kackëranëk (comitative singular)
kackëroinëk (comitative plural)
kackëratta (abessive singular)
kackëroitta (abessive plural)

Finnish: katkera

Ingrian: katkera

Karelian: katkera, kačkera

Livvi: kačker

From Proto-Finno-Ugric *kačka- (“to bite”) + *-ra.

, *karvas


kic'as

kic'as (nominative singular)
kiccahët (nominative plural)
kiccahën (accusative singular)
kiccahët (accusative plural)
kiccahën (genitive singular)
kic'astën (genitive plural)
kiccahidën (genitive plural)
kic'asta (partitive singular)
kiccahita (partitive plural)
kiccahëssa (inessive singular)
kiccahëhna (inessive singular)
kiccahissa (inessive plural)
kiccahihna (inessive plural)
kiccahësta (elative singular)
kiccahista (elative plural)
kiccahësën (illative singular)
kiccahisën (illative plural)
kiccahëlla (adessive singular)
kiccahilla (adessive plural)
kiccahëlta (ablative singular)
kiccahilta (ablative plural)
kiccahëlën (allative singular)
kiccahëlëk (allative singular)
kiccahilën (allative plural)
kiccahilëk (allative plural)
kic'assa (essive singular)
kiccahina (essive plural)
kiccahëksi (singular translative)
kiccahiksi (plural translative)
kiccahën (instructive singular)
kiccahin (instructive plural)
kic'assëk (comitative singular)
kiccahinëk (comitative plural)
kiccahëtta (abessive singular)
kiccahitta (abessive plural)

Estonian: kitsas

→? Votic: kitsaz

Finnish: kitsas

Ingrian: kitsas

Livonian: kitsāz

Võro: kitsas

Unknown. Has been variously and inconclusively connected with Germanic and Baltic.


kërnas

kërnas (nominative singular)
kërnahët (nominative plural)
kërnahën (accusative singular)
kërnahët (accusative plural)
kërnahën (genitive singular)
kërnastën (genitive plural)
kërnahidën (genitive plural)
kërnasta (partitive singular)
kërnahita (partitive plural)
kërnahëssa (inessive singular)
kërnahëhna (inessive singular)
kërnahissa (inessive plural)
kërnahihna (inessive plural)
kërnahësta (elative singular)
kërnahista (elative plural)
kërnahësën (illative singular)
kërnahisën (illative plural)
kërnahëlla (adessive singular)
kërnahilla (adessive plural)
kërnahëlta (ablative singular)
kërnahilta (ablative plural)
kërnahëlën (allative singular)
kërnahëlëk (allative singular)
kërnahilën (allative plural)
kërnahilëk (allative plural)
kërnassa (essive singular)
kërnahina (essive plural)
kërnahëksi (singular translative)
kërnahiksi (plural translative)
kërnahën (instructive singular)
kërnahin (instructive plural)
kërnassëk (comitative singular)
kërnahinëk (comitative plural)
kërnahëtta (abessive singular)
kërnahitta (abessive plural)

>? Estonian: (obsolete) kornis, kõrnis (“friendly, pleasant”)

Finnish: (dialectal) kernas


viimäinen

viimäinen (nominative singular)
viimäicet (nominative plural)
viimäicen (accusative singular)
viimäicet (accusative plural)
viimäicen (genitive singular)
viimäicten (genitive plural)
viimäiciden (genitive plural)
viimäictä (partitive singular)
viimäicitä (partitive plural)
viimäicessä (inessive singular)
viimäicehnä (inessive singular)
viimäicissä (inessive plural)
viimäicihnä (inessive plural)
viimäicestä (elative singular)
viimäicistä (elative plural)
viimäicesen (illative singular)
viimäicisen (illative plural)
viimäicellä (adessive singular)
viimäicillä (adessive plural)
viimäiceltä (ablative singular)
viimäiciltä (ablative plural)
viimäicelen (allative singular)
viimäicelek (allative singular)
viimäicilen (allative plural)
viimäicilek (allative plural)
viimäinnä (essive singular)
viimäicinä (essive plural)
viimäiceksi (singular translative)
viimäiciksi (plural translative)
viimäicen (instructive singular)
viimäicin (instructive plural)
viimäinnek (comitative singular)
viimäicinek (comitative plural)
viimäicettä (abessive singular)
viimäicittä (abessive plural)

Estonian: viimane

Finnish: (dialectal) viimäne, viimänen

Ingrian: viimäin

Karelian: viimaine

Livonian: (Salaca) vīmi

Võro: viimäne

Finnish: viimeinen

Ingrian: viimein

Karelian: viimeine

Votic: viimin


ainaga

ainaga (nominative singular)
ainagat (nominative plural)
ainagan (accusative singular)
ainagat (accusative plural)
ainagan (genitive singular)
ainagadën (genitive plural)
ainagoidën (genitive plural)
ainagata (partitive singular)
ainagoita (partitive plural)
ainagassa (inessive singular)
ainagahna (inessive singular)
ainagoissa (inessive plural)
ainagoihna (inessive plural)
ainagasta (elative singular)
ainagoista (elative plural)
ainagasën (illative singular)
ainagoisën (illative plural)
ainagalla (adessive singular)
ainagoilla (adessive plural)
ainagalta (ablative singular)
ainagoilta (ablative plural)
ainagalën (allative singular)
ainagalëk (allative singular)
ainagoilën (allative plural)
ainagoilëk (allative plural)
ainagana (essive singular)
ainagoina (essive plural)
ainagaksi (singular translative)
ainagoiksi (plural translative)
ainagan (instructive singular)
ainagoin (instructive plural)
ainaganëk (comitative singular)
ainagoinëk (comitative plural)
ainagatta (abessive singular)
ainagoitta (abessive plural)

Estonian: (dialectal) ainava

Ingrian: ainava

Finnish: ainoa, (dialectal) ainova

Karelian:

South Karelian: ainova

Votic: ainovõ

Ingrian: ainavo

Livvi: ainavo

Ludian: ainag

Votic: (Jõgõperä) ainõgo

Estonian: ainus

Finnish: ainut

Karelian:

North Karelian: ainut

South Karelian: (dialectal) ainut

Võro: ainus

Votic: (Rudja) ainud

Livonian: āinagi

Votic: (Mati) ainagi


lakja

lakja (nominative singular)
lakjat (nominative plural)
lakjan (accusative singular)
lakjat (accusative plural)
lakjan (genitive singular)
lakjadën (genitive plural)
lakjoidën (genitive plural)
lakjada (partitive singular)
lakjoida (partitive plural)
lakjassa (inessive singular)
lakjahna (inessive singular)
lakjoissa (inessive plural)
lakjoihna (inessive plural)
lakjasta (elative singular)
lakjoista (elative plural)
lakjahën (illative singular)
lakjoihën (illative plural)
lakjalla (adessive singular)
lakjoilla (adessive plural)
lakjalta (ablative singular)
lakjoilta (ablative plural)
lakjalën (allative singular)
lakjalëk (allative singular)
lakjoilën (allative plural)
lakjoilëk (allative plural)
lakjana (essive singular)
lakjoina (essive plural)
lakjaksi (singular translative)
lakjoiksi (plural translative)
lakjan (instructive singular)
lakjoin (instructive plural)
lakjanëk (comitative singular)
lakjoinëk (comitative plural)
lakjatta (abessive singular)
lakjoitta (abessive plural)

Estonian: lai

→? Ingrian: laija

Finnish: laaja

→ Karelian: luaja

Livonian: laigā

Võro: lag'a, lagja

Votic: ladʹdʹõ

Borrowed either from Proto-Germanic *flakaz, *flakją, or from Proto-Norse [script needed] (*lāgijaʀ) (whence Old Norse lægr).


heledä

heledä (nominative singular)
heledät (nominative plural)
heledän (accusative singular)
heledät (accusative plural)
heledän (genitive singular)
heledäden (genitive plural)
heledeiden (genitive plural)
heledätä (partitive singular)
heledeitä (partitive plural)
heledässä (inessive singular)
heledähnä (inessive singular)
heledeissä (inessive plural)
heledeihnä (inessive plural)
heledästä (elative singular)
heledeistä (elative plural)
heledäsen (illative singular)
heledeisen (illative plural)
heledällä (adessive singular)
heledeillä (adessive plural)
heledältä (ablative singular)
heledeiltä (ablative plural)
heledälen (allative singular)
heledälek (allative singular)
heledeilen (allative plural)
heledeilek (allative plural)
heledänä (essive singular)
heledeinä (essive plural)
heledäksi (singular translative)
heledeiksi (plural translative)
heledän (instructive singular)
heledein (instructive plural)
heledänek (comitative singular)
heledeinek (comitative plural)
heledättä (abessive singular)
heledeittä (abessive plural)

Estonian: hele

Finnish: heleä

Ingrian: helliä

Karelian: helie

⇒ Livonian: õ’ldzi

Livvi: helei

Ludian: heleäd pl

Veps: heled

Võro: helle

Votic: elliä


kerkedä

kerkedä (nominative singular)
kerkedät (nominative plural)
kerkedän (accusative singular)
kerkedät (accusative plural)
kerkedän (genitive singular)
kerkedäden (genitive plural)
kerkedeiden (genitive plural)
kerkedätä (partitive singular)
kerkedeitä (partitive plural)
kerkedässä (inessive singular)
kerkedähnä (inessive singular)
kerkedeissä (inessive plural)
kerkedeihnä (inessive plural)
kerkedästä (elative singular)
kerkedeistä (elative plural)
kerkedäsen (illative singular)
kerkedeisen (illative plural)
kerkedällä (adessive singular)
kerkedeillä (adessive plural)
kerkedältä (ablative singular)
kerkedeiltä (ablative plural)
kerkedälen (allative singular)
kerkedälek (allative singular)
kerkedeilen (allative plural)
kerkedeilek (allative plural)
kerkedänä (essive singular)
kerkedeinä (essive plural)
kerkedäksi (singular translative)
kerkedeiksi (plural translative)
kerkedän (instructive singular)
kerkedein (instructive plural)
kerkedänek (comitative singular)
kerkedeinek (comitative plural)
kerkedättä (abessive singular)
kerkedeittä (abessive plural)

Estonian: kerge

Finnish: kerkeä

Ingrian: kerkiä

Karelian: kerkie

Livonian: kierdõ

Livvi: kergie

Ludian: kerged

Võro: kerge

Votic: kerkiä


lakëda

lakëda (nominative singular)
lakëdat (nominative plural)
lakëdan (accusative singular)
lakëdat (accusative plural)
lakëdan (genitive singular)
lakëdadën (genitive plural)
lakëdëidën (genitive plural)
lakëdata (partitive singular)
lakëdëita (partitive plural)
lakëdassa (inessive singular)
lakëdahna (inessive singular)
lakëdëissa (inessive plural)
lakëdëihna (inessive plural)
lakëdasta (elative singular)
lakëdëista (elative plural)
lakëdasën (illative singular)
lakëdëisën (illative plural)
lakëdalla (adessive singular)
lakëdëilla (adessive plural)
lakëdalta (ablative singular)
lakëdëilta (ablative plural)
lakëdalën (allative singular)
lakëdalëk (allative singular)
lakëdëilën (allative plural)
lakëdëilëk (allative plural)
lakëdana (essive singular)
lakëdëina (essive plural)
lakëdaksi (singular translative)
lakëdëiksi (plural translative)
lakëdan (instructive singular)
lakëdëin (instructive plural)
lakëdanëk (comitative singular)
lakëdëinëk (comitative plural)
lakëdatta (abessive singular)
lakëdëitta (abessive plural)

Estonian: lage

Finnish: lakea

Ingrian: lakkia

Karelian:

North Karelian: lakie

South Karelian: lagie

Livonian: la’gdõ

Livvi: lagei

Ludian: laged

Veps: laged

Võro: lakõ

Votic: lakka

Borrowed from Proto-Germanic *flakaz and nativized with + *-ëda.


kintedä

kintedä (nominative singular)
kintedät (nominative plural)
kintedän (accusative singular)
kintedät (accusative plural)
kintedän (genitive singular)
kintedäden (genitive plural)
kintedeiden (genitive plural)
kintedätä (partitive singular)
kintedeitä (partitive plural)
kintedässä (inessive singular)
kintedähnä (inessive singular)
kintedeissä (inessive plural)
kintedeihnä (inessive plural)
kintedästä (elative singular)
kintedeistä (elative plural)
kintedäsen (illative singular)
kintedeisen (illative plural)
kintedällä (adessive singular)
kintedeillä (adessive plural)
kintedältä (ablative singular)
kintedeiltä (ablative plural)
kintedälen (allative singular)
kintedälek (allative singular)
kintedeilen (allative plural)
kintedeilek (allative plural)
kintedänä (essive singular)
kintedeinä (essive plural)
kintedäksi (singular translative)
kintedeiksi (plural translative)
kintedän (instructive singular)
kintedein (instructive plural)
kintedänek (comitative singular)
kintedeinek (comitative plural)
kintedättä (abessive singular)
kintedeittä (abessive plural)

Finnish: kiinteä

Ingrian: kiintiä

Karelian: kiintie

Ludian: kińd'ed

*kinte- + *-edä, from the same root as *kindik.


vasën

Estonian: vasem

Finnish: vasen

Karelian:

North Karelian: vasen

South Karelian: važen

Estonian: vasak

From earlier *vasa-mpi, derived from Proto-Uralic *wasa.


nërkka

nërkka (nominative singular)
nërk'at (nominative plural)
nërk'an (accusative singular)
nërk'at (accusative plural)
nërk'an (genitive singular)
nërkkadën (genitive plural)
nërkkoidën (genitive plural)
nërkkada (partitive singular)
nërkkoida (partitive plural)
nërk'assa (inessive singular)
nërk'ahna (inessive singular)
nërk'oissa (inessive plural)
nërk'oihna (inessive plural)
nërk'asta (elative singular)
nërk'oista (elative plural)
nërkkahën (illative singular)
nërkkoihën (illative plural)
nërk'alla (adessive singular)
nërk'oilla (adessive plural)
nërk'alta (ablative singular)
nërk'oilta (ablative plural)
nërkkalën (allative singular)
nërkkalëk (allative singular)
nërkkoilën (allative plural)
nërkkoilëk (allative plural)
nërkkana (essive singular)
nërkkoina (essive plural)
nërk'aksi (singular translative)
nërk'oiksi (plural translative)
nërk'an (instructive singular)
nërk'oin (instructive plural)
nërkkanëk (comitative singular)
nërkkoinëk (comitative plural)
nërk'atta (abessive singular)
nërk'oitta (abessive plural)

Estonian: nõrk

Finnish: (dialectal) nerkko, nerko

Livonian: nȭrka

Võro: nõrk

>? Votic: (Jõgõperä, rare) nõrkka

Possibly from Proto-Finno-Permic [Term?]. Potential non-Balto-Finnic cognates include Erzya нурька (nuŕka, “short”).


kehkerä

kehkerä (nominative singular)
kehkerät (nominative plural)
kehkerän (accusative singular)
kehkerät (accusative plural)
kehkerän (genitive singular)
kehkeräden (genitive plural)
kehkereiden (genitive plural)
kehkerätä (partitive singular)
kehkereitä (partitive plural)
kehkerässä (inessive singular)
kehkerähnä (inessive singular)
kehkereissä (inessive plural)
kehkereihnä (inessive plural)
kehkerästä (elative singular)
kehkereistä (elative plural)
kehkeräsen (illative singular)
kehkereisen (illative plural)
kehkerällä (adessive singular)
kehkereillä (adessive plural)
kehkerältä (ablative singular)
kehkereiltä (ablative plural)
kehkerälen (allative singular)
kehkerälek (allative singular)
kehkereilen (allative plural)
kehkereilek (allative plural)
kehkeränä (essive singular)
kehkereinä (essive plural)
kehkeräksi (singular translative)
kehkereiksi (plural translative)
kehkerän (instructive singular)
kehkerein (instructive plural)
kehkeränek (comitative singular)
kehkereinek (comitative plural)
kehkerättä (abessive singular)
kehkereittä (abessive plural)

Finnish: (dialectal) kehkerä

Veps: kehker, kehkar

From Proto-Finno-Permic *kečkerä, whence Erzya кичкере (kičkeŕe).


makjas

Estonian: maias

Finnish: maajas (dialectal)

→ Karelian: moajas (dialectal; Western)

Ingrian: makjas

Livonian: maigāz

Votic: magjõz

Võro: maḱas, majas


äredä

äredä (nominative singular)
äredät (nominative plural)
äredän (accusative singular)
äredät (accusative plural)
äredän (genitive singular)
äredäden (genitive plural)
äredeiden (genitive plural)
äredätä (partitive singular)
äredeitä (partitive plural)
äredässä (inessive singular)
äredähnä (inessive singular)
äredeissä (inessive plural)
äredeihnä (inessive plural)
äredästä (elative singular)
äredeistä (elative plural)
äredäsen (illative singular)
äredeisen (illative plural)
äredällä (adessive singular)
äredeillä (adessive plural)
äredältä (ablative singular)
äredeiltä (ablative plural)
äredälen (allative singular)
äredälek (allative singular)
äredeilen (allative plural)
äredeilek (allative plural)
äredänä (essive singular)
äredeinä (essive plural)
äredäksi (singular translative)
äredeiksi (plural translative)
äredän (instructive singular)
äredein (instructive plural)
äredänek (comitative singular)
äredeinek (comitative plural)
äredättä (abessive singular)
äredeittä (abessive plural)

⇒ Estonian: ärev, (dialectal) äre

Finnish: äreä

Karelian: ärie

⇒ Livonian: ärī

Livvi: ärei

Veps: äred


nepsä

nepsä (nominative singular)
nepsät (nominative plural)
nepsän (accusative singular)
nepsät (accusative plural)
nepsän (genitive singular)
nepsäden (genitive plural)
nepseiden (genitive plural)
nepsädä (partitive singular)
nepseidä (partitive plural)
nepsässä (inessive singular)
nepsähnä (inessive singular)
nepseissä (inessive plural)
nepseihnä (inessive plural)
nepsästä (elative singular)
nepseistä (elative plural)
nepsähen (illative singular)
nepseihen (illative plural)
nepsällä (adessive singular)
nepseillä (adessive plural)
nepsältä (ablative singular)
nepseiltä (ablative plural)
nepsälen (allative singular)
nepsälek (allative singular)
nepseilen (allative plural)
nepseilek (allative plural)
nepsänä (essive singular)
nepseinä (essive plural)
nepsäksi (singular translative)
nepseiksi (plural translative)
nepsän (instructive singular)
nepsein (instructive plural)
nepsänek (comitative singular)
nepseinek (comitative plural)
nepsättä (abessive singular)
nepseittä (abessive plural)

Finnish: nepsä (dialectal)

⇒ Finnish: nestää (dialectal)

⇒ Finnish: neste

Karelian: nepsä, nepsa

Livvi: nepsy

Veps: neps

⇒ Votic: nepsiä

Estonian: (dialectal) nepse

Võro: nesse, nesseq


hutra

hutra (nominative singular)
hutrat (nominative plural)
hutran (accusative singular)
hutrat (accusative plural)
hutran (genitive singular)
hutradën (genitive plural)
hutrëidën (genitive plural)
hutrada (partitive singular)
hutrëida (partitive plural)
hutrassa (inessive singular)
hutrahna (inessive singular)
hutrëissa (inessive plural)
hutrëihna (inessive plural)
hutrasta (elative singular)
hutrëista (elative plural)
hutrahën (illative singular)
hutrëihën (illative plural)
hutralla (adessive singular)
hutrëilla (adessive plural)
hutralta (ablative singular)
hutrëilta (ablative plural)
hutralën (allative singular)
hutralëk (allative singular)
hutrëilën (allative plural)
hutrëilëk (allative plural)
hutrana (essive singular)
hutrëina (essive plural)
hutraksi (singular translative)
hutrëiksi (plural translative)
hutran (instructive singular)
hutrëin (instructive plural)
hutranëk (comitative singular)
hutrëinëk (comitative plural)
hutratta (abessive singular)
hutrëitta (abessive plural)

Finnish: (rare) hutra, >? hutera

Karelian:

North Karelian: hutra

South Karelian: hudra

Livvi: hudru

Ludian: hudr

Veps: hudr

Võro: hõtr, hõdras, hõdõr, hõdyr'


ciivo

From earlier *tijwo, from the same root as *ciivot'ak.


nopëda

nopëda (nominative singular)
nopëdat (nominative plural)
nopëdan (accusative singular)
nopëdat (accusative plural)
nopëdan (genitive singular)
nopëdadën (genitive plural)
nopëdëidën (genitive plural)
nopëdata (partitive singular)
nopëdëita (partitive plural)
nopëdassa (inessive singular)
nopëdahna (inessive singular)
nopëdëissa (inessive plural)
nopëdëihna (inessive plural)
nopëdasta (elative singular)
nopëdëista (elative plural)
nopëdasën (illative singular)
nopëdëisën (illative plural)
nopëdalla (adessive singular)
nopëdëilla (adessive plural)
nopëdalta (ablative singular)
nopëdëilta (ablative plural)
nopëdalën (allative singular)
nopëdalëk (allative singular)
nopëdëilën (allative plural)
nopëdëilëk (allative plural)
nopëdana (essive singular)
nopëdëina (essive plural)
nopëdaksi (singular translative)
nopëdëiksi (plural translative)
nopëdan (instructive singular)
nopëdëin (instructive plural)
nopëdanëk (comitative singular)
nopëdëinëk (comitative plural)
nopëdatta (abessive singular)
nopëdëitta (abessive plural)

Estonian: nobe

Finnish: nopea

Võro: nopõ

Probably borrowed from Proto-Germanic [Term?] (whence Old Norse snœfr). Alternatively, and less likely, from the same root as *noppidak. Either way, derived with the suffix *-ëda.


väledä

väledä (nominative singular)
väledät (nominative plural)
väledän (accusative singular)
väledät (accusative plural)
väledän (genitive singular)
väledäden (genitive plural)
väledeiden (genitive plural)
väledätä (partitive singular)
väledeitä (partitive plural)
väledässä (inessive singular)
väledähnä (inessive singular)
väledeissä (inessive plural)
väledeihnä (inessive plural)
väledästä (elative singular)
väledeistä (elative plural)
väledäsen (illative singular)
väledeisen (illative plural)
väledällä (adessive singular)
väledeillä (adessive plural)
väledältä (ablative singular)
väledeiltä (ablative plural)
väledälen (allative singular)
väledälek (allative singular)
väledeilen (allative plural)
väledeilek (allative plural)
väledänä (essive singular)
väledeinä (essive plural)
väledäksi (singular translative)
väledeiksi (plural translative)
väledän (instructive singular)
väledein (instructive plural)
väledänek (comitative singular)
väledeinek (comitative plural)
väledättä (abessive singular)
väledeittä (abessive plural)

Estonian: väle

Finnish: (dialectal) väleä

⇒ Ingrian: väljää, vällää ("soon")

⇒ Karelian: väleän (“quickly”)

Võro: välle

From the same root *väl- as Finnish välähtää and *välkküdäk + *-ëda.


nojëla

nojëla (nominative singular)
nojëlat (nominative plural)
nojëlan (accusative singular)
nojëlat (accusative plural)
nojëlan (genitive singular)
nojëladën (genitive plural)
nojëloidën (genitive plural)
nojëlata (partitive singular)
nojëloita (partitive plural)
nojëlassa (inessive singular)
nojëlahna (inessive singular)
nojëloissa (inessive plural)
nojëloihna (inessive plural)
nojëlasta (elative singular)
nojëloista (elative plural)
nojëlasën (illative singular)
nojëloisën (illative plural)
nojëlalla (adessive singular)
nojëloilla (adessive plural)
nojëlalta (ablative singular)
nojëloilta (ablative plural)
nojëlalën (allative singular)
nojëlalëk (allative singular)
nojëloilën (allative plural)
nojëloilëk (allative plural)
nojëlana (essive singular)
nojëloina (essive plural)
nojëlaksi (singular translative)
nojëloiksi (plural translative)
nojëlan (instructive singular)
nojëloin (instructive plural)
nojëlanëk (comitative singular)
nojëloinëk (comitative plural)
nojëlatta (abessive singular)
nojëloitta (abessive plural)

Finnish: (dialectal) nojela

Veps: nojel

Cognate with Proto-Samic [Term?] (whence Inari Sami njuoijâl, njyeijil), further origin unknown.


autijo

autijo (nominative singular)
autijot (nominative plural)
autijon (accusative singular)
autijot (accusative plural)
autijon (genitive singular)
autijodën (genitive plural)
autijoidën (genitive plural)
autijota (partitive singular)
autijoita (partitive plural)
autijossa (inessive singular)
autijohna (inessive singular)
autijoissa (inessive plural)
autijoihna (inessive plural)
autijosta (elative singular)
autijoista (elative plural)
autijosën (illative singular)
autijoisën (illative plural)
autijolla (adessive singular)
autijoilla (adessive plural)
autijolta (ablative singular)
autijoilta (ablative plural)
autijolën (allative singular)
autijolëk (allative singular)
autijoilën (allative plural)
autijoilëk (allative plural)
autijona (essive singular)
autijoina (essive plural)
autijoksi (singular translative)
autijoiksi (plural translative)
autijon (instructive singular)
autijoin (instructive plural)
autijonëk (comitative singular)
autijoinëk (comitative plural)
autijotta (abessive singular)
autijoitta (abessive plural)

Finnish: autio

Karelian:

North Karelian: autivo, autie

(Northern Finnic) deserted, desolate, uninhabited


corëda

corëda (nominative singular)
corëdat (nominative plural)
corëdan (accusative singular)
corëdat (accusative plural)
corëdan (genitive singular)
corëdadën (genitive plural)
corëdëidën (genitive plural)
corëdata (partitive singular)
corëdëita (partitive plural)
corëdassa (inessive singular)
corëdahna (inessive singular)
corëdëissa (inessive plural)
corëdëihna (inessive plural)
corëdasta (elative singular)
corëdëista (elative plural)
corëdasën (illative singular)
corëdëisën (illative plural)
corëdalla (adessive singular)
corëdëilla (adessive plural)
corëdalta (ablative singular)
corëdëilta (ablative plural)
corëdalën (allative singular)
corëdalëk (allative singular)
corëdëilën (allative plural)
corëdëilëk (allative plural)
corëdana (essive singular)
corëdëina (essive plural)
corëdaksi (singular translative)
corëdëiksi (plural translative)
corëdan (instructive singular)
corëdëin (instructive plural)
corëdanëk (comitative singular)
corëdëinëk (comitative plural)
corëdatta (abessive singular)
corëdëitta (abessive plural)

Estonian: sõre

Ingrian: sorria

Karelian:

South Karelian: sorie

Võro: sorrõ

Votic: sorra


raukëda

raukëda (nominative singular)
raukëdat (nominative plural)
raukëdan (accusative singular)
raukëdat (accusative plural)
raukëdan (genitive singular)
raukëdadën (genitive plural)
raukëdëidën (genitive plural)
raukëdata (partitive singular)
raukëdëita (partitive plural)
raukëdassa (inessive singular)
raukëdahna (inessive singular)
raukëdëissa (inessive plural)
raukëdëihna (inessive plural)
raukëdasta (elative singular)
raukëdëista (elative plural)
raukëdasën (illative singular)
raukëdëisën (illative plural)
raukëdalla (adessive singular)
raukëdëilla (adessive plural)
raukëdalta (ablative singular)
raukëdëilta (ablative plural)
raukëdalën (allative singular)
raukëdalëk (allative singular)
raukëdëilën (allative plural)
raukëdëilëk (allative plural)
raukëdana (essive singular)
raukëdëina (essive plural)
raukëdaksi (singular translative)
raukëdëiksi (plural translative)
raukëdan (instructive singular)
raukëdëin (instructive plural)
raukëdanëk (comitative singular)
raukëdëinëk (comitative plural)
raukëdatta (abessive singular)
raukëdëitta (abessive plural)

Estonian: rauge

Finnish: raukea

Karelian:

North Karelian: raukie

⇒ Votic: (Kattila) raugõta

Unknown. From the same root as *raukka; contains the suffix *-ëda.


cankëda

cankëda (nominative singular)
cankëdat (nominative plural)
cankëdan (accusative singular)
cankëdat (accusative plural)
cankëdan (genitive singular)
cankëdadën (genitive plural)
cankëdëidën (genitive plural)
cankëdata (partitive singular)
cankëdëita (partitive plural)
cankëdassa (inessive singular)
cankëdahna (inessive singular)
cankëdëissa (inessive plural)
cankëdëihna (inessive plural)
cankëdasta (elative singular)
cankëdëista (elative plural)
cankëdasën (illative singular)
cankëdëisën (illative plural)
cankëdalla (adessive singular)
cankëdëilla (adessive plural)
cankëdalta (ablative singular)
cankëdëilta (ablative plural)
cankëdalën (allative singular)
cankëdalëk (allative singular)
cankëdëilën (allative plural)
cankëdëilëk (allative plural)
cankëdana (essive singular)
cankëdëina (essive plural)
cankëdaksi (singular translative)
cankëdëiksi (plural translative)
cankëdan (instructive singular)
cankëdëin (instructive plural)
cankëdanëk (comitative singular)
cankëdëinëk (comitative plural)
cankëdatta (abessive singular)
cankëdëitta (abessive plural)

Finnish: sankea (dialectal), ⇒ sankka, sangen

→ Northern Sami: sakka

Karelian:

South Karelian: (dialectal) šangie

Livonian: sangdõ

Livvi: sangei

Ludian: sanged

Veps: sanged

Unknown. Contains the adjectival suffix + *-ëda.


tülk'äs

tülk'äs (nominative singular)
tülkkähet (nominative plural)
tülkkähen (accusative singular)
tülkkähet (accusative plural)
tülkkähen (genitive singular)
tülk'ästen (genitive plural)
tülkkähiden (genitive plural)
tülk'ästä (partitive singular)
tülkkähitä (partitive plural)
tülkkähessä (inessive singular)
tülkkähehnä (inessive singular)
tülkkähissä (inessive plural)
tülkkähihnä (inessive plural)
tülkkähestä (elative singular)
tülkkähistä (elative plural)
tülkkähesen (illative singular)
tülkkähisen (illative plural)
tülkkähellä (adessive singular)
tülkkähillä (adessive plural)
tülkkäheltä (ablative singular)
tülkkähiltä (ablative plural)
tülkkähelen (allative singular)
tülkkähelek (allative singular)
tülkkähilen (allative plural)
tülkkähilek (allative plural)
tülk'ässä (essive singular)
tülkkähinä (essive plural)
tülkkäheksi (singular translative)
tülkkähiksi (plural translative)
tülkkähen (instructive singular)
tülkkähin (instructive plural)
tülk'ässek (comitative singular)
tülkkähinek (comitative plural)
tülkkähettä (abessive singular)
tülkkähittä (abessive plural)

Estonian: tülgas

Livonian: tīlkaz

Finnish: (dialectal) tylkeä

Karelian:

North Karelian: tylkie

South Karelian: tylgie

Livvi: tylgei


vaikëda

vaikëda (nominative singular)
vaikëdat (nominative plural)
vaikëdan (accusative singular)
vaikëdat (accusative plural)
vaikëdan (genitive singular)
vaikëdadën (genitive plural)
vaikëdëidën (genitive plural)
vaikëdata (partitive singular)
vaikëdëita (partitive plural)
vaikëdassa (inessive singular)
vaikëdahna (inessive singular)
vaikëdëissa (inessive plural)
vaikëdëihna (inessive plural)
vaikëdasta (elative singular)
vaikëdëista (elative plural)
vaikëdasën (illative singular)
vaikëdëisën (illative plural)
vaikëdalla (adessive singular)
vaikëdëilla (adessive plural)
vaikëdalta (ablative singular)
vaikëdëilta (ablative plural)
vaikëdalën (allative singular)
vaikëdalëk (allative singular)
vaikëdëilën (allative plural)
vaikëdëilëk (allative plural)
vaikëdana (essive singular)
vaikëdëina (essive plural)
vaikëdaksi (singular translative)
vaikëdëiksi (plural translative)
vaikëdan (instructive singular)
vaikëdëin (instructive plural)
vaikëdanëk (comitative singular)
vaikëdëinëk (comitative plural)
vaikëdatta (abessive singular)
vaikëdëitta (abessive plural)

Finnish: vaikea

→ Northern Sami: váigat

Ingrian: vaikia

Karelian:

North Karelian: vaikie

South Karelian: vaigie

Livvi: vaigei

Votic: vaikõa

Suffixed with + *-ëda, but the root is uncertain; it may be a variant of *vaiva, or a separate borrowing from Proto-Germanic [Term?] (whence Gothic 𐍅𐌰𐌹𐌷𐌾𐍉 (waihjō)).


kirk'as

kirk'as (nominative singular)
kirkkahët (nominative plural)
kirkkahën (accusative singular)
kirkkahët (accusative plural)
kirkkahën (genitive singular)
kirk'astën (genitive plural)
kirkkahidën (genitive plural)
kirk'asta (partitive singular)
kirkkahita (partitive plural)
kirkkahëssa (inessive singular)
kirkkahëhna (inessive singular)
kirkkahissa (inessive plural)
kirkkahihna (inessive plural)
kirkkahësta (elative singular)
kirkkahista (elative plural)
kirkkahësën (illative singular)
kirkkahisën (illative plural)
kirkkahëlla (adessive singular)
kirkkahilla (adessive plural)
kirkkahëlta (ablative singular)
kirkkahilta (ablative plural)
kirkkahëlën (allative singular)
kirkkahëlëk (allative singular)
kirkkahilën (allative plural)
kirkkahilëk (allative plural)
kirk'assa (essive singular)
kirkkahina (essive plural)
kirkkahëksi (singular translative)
kirkkahiksi (plural translative)
kirkkahën (instructive singular)
kirkkahin (instructive plural)
kirk'assëk (comitative singular)
kirkkahinëk (comitative plural)
kirkkahëtta (abessive singular)
kirkkahitta (abessive plural)

Finnish: kirkas

→ Estonian: kirgas

→ Northern Sami: girkat

Ingrian: kirkas

Karelian:

North Karelian: kirkas

South Karelian: kirkas

Votic: tširkaz (Mati)

Unknown. Possibly from the same root as *kirkudak.