"-ici-" meaning in Proto-Finnic

See -ici- in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Infix

Forms: *-isi- [alternative]
Etymology: From Proto-Finno-Ugric *-ńće-j, *-nśe-j; derived from the same ending as in *-istak (stem *-isë-; the *c(c) ~ *s variation is also seen with the diminutive suffix *-ic(c)ë-, see it for more). Cognate with Proto-Samic *-ńćë- (potential mood marker). Specifically, the suffix likely originally derives from the past tense forms of such *-isë- verbs. The suffix, originally frequentative, could have also been used to describe nonfactual future actions, which would have motivated the development of their past tenses into a conditional mood suffix. Etymology templates: {{inh|urj-fin-pro|fiu-pro|*-ńće|*-ńće-j}} Proto-Finno-Ugric *-ńće-j, {{cog|smi-pro|*-ńćë-|pos=potential mood marker}} Proto-Samic *-ńćë- (potential mood marker) Head templates: {{head|urj-fin-pro|infix}} *-ici-
  1. Conditional mood marker. Tags: morpheme, reconstruction Synonyms: *-kci-
    Sense id: en--ici--urj-fin-pro-infix-GS9Q7bJJ Categories (other): Pages with 1 entry, Pages with entries, Proto-Finnic entries with incorrect language header, Proto-Finnic infixes
{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "fi",
            "2": "-isi-"
          },
          "expansion": "Finnish: -isi-",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Finnish: -isi-"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "izh",
            "2": "-isi-",
            "3": "-isi-, -is"
          },
          "expansion": "Ingrian: -isi-; -isi-, -is",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Ingrian: -isi-; -isi-, -is"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "krl",
            "2": "-"
          },
          "expansion": "Karelian:",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Karelian:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "North Karelian: -isi-, -is"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "South Karelian: -zi-, -z"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "olo",
            "2": "-izi-<alt:-izi-, -is>"
          },
          "expansion": "Livvi: -izi-, -is",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Livvi: -izi-, -is"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "lud",
            "2": "-iži-<alt:-iži-, -iž>"
          },
          "expansion": "Ludian: -iži-, -iž",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Ludian: -iži-, -iž"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "vep",
            "2": "-iži-"
          },
          "expansion": "Veps: -iži-",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Veps: -iži-"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "vot",
            "2": "-izi-<alt:-izi-, -iz'>",
            "3": "-issi-",
            "der2": "1",
            "q2": "dialectal",
            "qq2": "< <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"urj-fin-pro\">*-ikci-, *-iksi-</i>, combining the two conditional suffixes"
          },
          "expansion": "Votic: -izi-, -iz', ⇒ (dialectal) -issi- (< *-ikci-, *-iksi-, combining the two conditional suffixes)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Votic: -izi-, -iz', ⇒ (dialectal) -issi- (< *-ikci-, *-iksi-, combining the two conditional suffixes)"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "urj-fin-pro",
        "2": "fiu-pro",
        "3": "*-ńće",
        "4": "*-ńće-j"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Finno-Ugric *-ńće-j",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "smi-pro",
        "2": "*-ńćë-",
        "pos": "potential mood marker"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Samic *-ńćë- (potential mood marker)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Finno-Ugric *-ńće-j, *-nśe-j; derived from the same ending as in *-istak (stem *-isë-; the *c(c) ~ *s variation is also seen with the diminutive suffix *-ic(c)ë-, see it for more). Cognate with Proto-Samic *-ńćë- (potential mood marker). Specifically, the suffix likely originally derives from the past tense forms of such *-isë- verbs. The suffix, originally frequentative, could have also been used to describe nonfactual future actions, which would have motivated the development of their past tenses into a conditional mood suffix.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "*-isi-",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "urj-fin-pro",
        "2": "infix"
      },
      "expansion": "*-ici-",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Finnic",
  "lang_code": "urj-fin-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/-ici-",
  "pos": "infix",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-Finnic entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-Finnic infixes",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Conditional mood marker."
      ],
      "id": "en--ici--urj-fin-pro-infix-GS9Q7bJJ",
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "*-kci-"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme",
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "-ici-"
}
{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "fi",
            "2": "-isi-"
          },
          "expansion": "Finnish: -isi-",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Finnish: -isi-"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "izh",
            "2": "-isi-",
            "3": "-isi-, -is"
          },
          "expansion": "Ingrian: -isi-; -isi-, -is",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Ingrian: -isi-; -isi-, -is"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "krl",
            "2": "-"
          },
          "expansion": "Karelian:",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Karelian:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "North Karelian: -isi-, -is"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "South Karelian: -zi-, -z"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "olo",
            "2": "-izi-<alt:-izi-, -is>"
          },
          "expansion": "Livvi: -izi-, -is",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Livvi: -izi-, -is"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "lud",
            "2": "-iži-<alt:-iži-, -iž>"
          },
          "expansion": "Ludian: -iži-, -iž",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Ludian: -iži-, -iž"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "vep",
            "2": "-iži-"
          },
          "expansion": "Veps: -iži-",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Veps: -iži-"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "vot",
            "2": "-izi-<alt:-izi-, -iz'>",
            "3": "-issi-",
            "der2": "1",
            "q2": "dialectal",
            "qq2": "< <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"urj-fin-pro\">*-ikci-, *-iksi-</i>, combining the two conditional suffixes"
          },
          "expansion": "Votic: -izi-, -iz', ⇒ (dialectal) -issi- (< *-ikci-, *-iksi-, combining the two conditional suffixes)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Votic: -izi-, -iz', ⇒ (dialectal) -issi- (< *-ikci-, *-iksi-, combining the two conditional suffixes)"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "urj-fin-pro",
        "2": "fiu-pro",
        "3": "*-ńće",
        "4": "*-ńće-j"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Finno-Ugric *-ńće-j",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "smi-pro",
        "2": "*-ńćë-",
        "pos": "potential mood marker"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Samic *-ńćë- (potential mood marker)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Finno-Ugric *-ńće-j, *-nśe-j; derived from the same ending as in *-istak (stem *-isë-; the *c(c) ~ *s variation is also seen with the diminutive suffix *-ic(c)ë-, see it for more). Cognate with Proto-Samic *-ńćë- (potential mood marker). Specifically, the suffix likely originally derives from the past tense forms of such *-isë- verbs. The suffix, originally frequentative, could have also been used to describe nonfactual future actions, which would have motivated the development of their past tenses into a conditional mood suffix.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "*-isi-",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "urj-fin-pro",
        "2": "infix"
      },
      "expansion": "*-ici-",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Finnic",
  "lang_code": "urj-fin-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/-ici-",
  "pos": "infix",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Pages with 1 entry",
        "Pages with entries",
        "Proto-Finnic entries with incorrect language header",
        "Proto-Finnic infixes",
        "Proto-Finnic lemmas",
        "Proto-Finnic terms derived from Proto-Finno-Ugric",
        "Proto-Finnic terms inherited from Proto-Finno-Ugric"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Conditional mood marker."
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "*-kci-"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme",
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "-ici-"
}

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This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Finnic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-06-05 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-06-01 using wiktextract (5ee713e and f1c2b61). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.