vaipudak

vaipu- (stem)
vaibun (first-person present singular)
vaibuin (first-person past singular)
vaipugon (first-person optative singular)
vaibut (present second-person singular)
vaibuit (past second-person singular)
vaibuk (imperative second-person singular)
vaipugos (optative second-person singular)
vaipubi (present singular third-person)
vaipu (present singular third-person)
vaipui (past singular third-person)
vaipugasën (imperative singular third-person)
vaipugosën (optative singular third-person)
vaibukmëk (first-person plural present)
vaibukmak (first-person plural present)
vaipuimëk (first-person past plural)
vaipuimak (first-person past plural)
vaipugatëmëk (first-person imperative plural)
vaipugatamak (first-person imperative plural)
vaipugotëmëk (first-person optative plural)
vaipugotamak (first-person optative plural)
vaibuktëk (plural present second-person)
vaibuktak (plural present second-person)
vaipuidëk (past plural second-person)
vaipuidak (past plural second-person)
vaipugatë (imperative plural second-person)
vaipugata (imperative plural second-person)
vaipugot'ëk (optative plural second-person)
vaipugotadak (optative plural second-person)
vaipubat (plural present third-person)
vaipu (plural present third-person)
vaipui (past plural third-person)
vaipugasën (imperative plural third-person)
vaipugosën (optative plural third-person)
vaibuksën (passive present)
vaibut'aksën (passive present)
vaipudisën (passive past)
vaibuttisën (passive past)
vaipudakahën (imperative passive)
vaibuttakahën (imperative passive)
vaipudakohën (optative passive)
vaibuttakohën (optative passive)
vaibuk (connegative present)
vaipugak (connegative imperative)
vaipugok (connegative optative)
vaibuktak (connegative passive present)
vaipudagak (connegative imperative passive)
vaibuttagak (connegative imperative passive)
vaipudagok (connegative optative passive)
vaibuttagok (connegative optative passive)
vaibukcin (conditional conditional-i first-person singular)
vaipuicin (conditional conditional-ii first-person singular)
vaipunën (first-person potential singular)
vaibukcit (conditional conditional-i second-person singular)
vaipuicit (conditional conditional-ii second-person singular)
vaipunët (potential second-person singular)
vaibukci (conditional conditional-i singular third-person)
vaipuici (conditional conditional-ii singular third-person)
vaipuni (potential singular third-person)
vaibukcimëk (conditional conditional-i first-person plural)
vaibukcimak (conditional conditional-i first-person plural)
vaipuicimëk (conditional conditional-ii first-person plural)
vaipuicimak (conditional conditional-ii first-person plural)
vaipunëmëk (first-person plural potential)
vaipunëmak (first-person plural potential)
vaibukcidëk (conditional conditional-i plural second-person)
vaibukcidak (conditional conditional-i plural second-person)
vaipuicidëk (conditional conditional-ii plural second-person)
vaipuicidak (conditional conditional-ii plural second-person)
vaipunëdëk (plural potential second-person)
vaipunëdak (plural potential second-person)
vaibukci (conditional conditional-i plural third-person)
vaipuici (conditional conditional-ii plural third-person)
vaipuni (plural potential third-person)
vaipudakcihën (conditional conditional-i passive)
vaibut'akcihën (conditional conditional-i passive)
vaipudicihën (conditional conditional-ii passive)
vaibutticihën (conditional conditional-ii passive)
vaipudanëhën (passive potential)
vaibuttanëhën (passive potential)
vaibukcik (conditional conditional-i connegative)
vaipuicik (conditional conditional-ii connegative)
vaipunëk (connegative potential)
vaipudakcik (conditional conditional-i connegative passive)
vaibut'akcik (conditional conditional-i connegative passive)
vaipudicik (conditional conditional-ii connegative passive)
vaibutticik (conditional conditional-ii connegative passive)
vaipudanëk (connegative passive potential)
vaibuttanëk (connegative passive potential)
vaipudak (conditional conditional-i infinitive infinitive-i)
vaipuba (active participle present)
vaipudapa (participle passive present)
vaibuttapa (participle passive present)
vaipudë- (conditional conditional-i infinitive infinitive-ii)
vaipunut (active participle past)
vaipudu (participle passive past)
vaibuttu (participle passive past)
vaipuma (conditional conditional-i gerund supine)
vaipuminen (conditional conditional-i noun-from-verb)

Estonian: vaibuma/vaibuda

Finnish: vaipua

→ Northern Sami: váibat

Ingrian: vaipua

Karelian:

North Karelian: vaipuo

South Karelian: vaibuo

Livvi: vaibuo

Ludian: baibuda

Veps: vaibuda

Võro: vaibuma/vaibudaq

Votic: (Kattila) vaivua

*vai- + *-pudak. Possibly from the same root as *vajaga and *vajot'ak.


lakëda

lakëda (nominative singular)
lakëdat (nominative plural)
lakëdan (accusative singular)
lakëdat (accusative plural)
lakëdan (genitive singular)
lakëdadën (genitive plural)
lakëdëidën (genitive plural)
lakëdata (partitive singular)
lakëdëita (partitive plural)
lakëdassa (inessive singular)
lakëdahna (inessive singular)
lakëdëissa (inessive plural)
lakëdëihna (inessive plural)
lakëdasta (elative singular)
lakëdëista (elative plural)
lakëdasën (illative singular)
lakëdëisën (illative plural)
lakëdalla (adessive singular)
lakëdëilla (adessive plural)
lakëdalta (ablative singular)
lakëdëilta (ablative plural)
lakëdalën (allative singular)
lakëdalëk (allative singular)
lakëdëilën (allative plural)
lakëdëilëk (allative plural)
lakëdana (essive singular)
lakëdëina (essive plural)
lakëdaksi (singular translative)
lakëdëiksi (plural translative)
lakëdan (instructive singular)
lakëdëin (instructive plural)
lakëdanëk (comitative singular)
lakëdëinëk (comitative plural)
lakëdatta (abessive singular)
lakëdëitta (abessive plural)

Estonian: lage

Finnish: lakea

Ingrian: lakkia

Karelian:

North Karelian: lakie

South Karelian: lagie

Livonian: la’gdõ

Livvi: lagei

Ludian: laged

Veps: laged

Võro: lakõ

Votic: lakka

Borrowed from Proto-Germanic *flakaz and nativized with + *-ëda.


astija

astija (nominative singular)
astijat (nominative plural)
astijan (accusative singular)
astijat (accusative plural)
astijan (genitive singular)
astijadën (genitive plural)
astijoidën (genitive plural)
astijata (partitive singular)
astijoita (partitive plural)
astijassa (inessive singular)
astijahna (inessive singular)
astijoissa (inessive plural)
astijoihna (inessive plural)
astijasta (elative singular)
astijoista (elative plural)
astijasën (illative singular)
astijoisën (illative plural)
astijalla (adessive singular)
astijoilla (adessive plural)
astijalta (ablative singular)
astijoilta (ablative plural)
astijalën (allative singular)
astijalëk (allative singular)
astijoilën (allative plural)
astijoilëk (allative plural)
astijana (essive singular)
astijoina (essive plural)
astijaksi (singular translative)
astijoiksi (plural translative)
astijan (instructive singular)
astijoin (instructive plural)
astijanëk (comitative singular)
astijoinëk (comitative plural)
astijatta (abessive singular)
astijoitta (abessive plural)

Estonian: astja

Finnish: astia

Ingrian: astia

Karelian: astie

Livvi: astii

Ludian: astij

Veps: astii

Votic: astjõ

Livvi: aste

container, vessel (item in which objects or materials can be stored or transported)


peijeh

peijeh (nominative singular)
peijehet (nominative plural)
peijehen (accusative singular)
peijehet (accusative plural)
peijehen (genitive singular)
peijehten (genitive plural)
peijehiden (genitive plural)
peijehtä (partitive singular)
peijehitä (partitive plural)
peijehessä (inessive singular)
peijehehnä (inessive singular)
peijehissä (inessive plural)
peijehihnä (inessive plural)
peijehestä (elative singular)
peijehistä (elative plural)
peijehesen (illative singular)
peijehisen (illative plural)
peijehellä (adessive singular)
peijehillä (adessive plural)
peijeheltä (ablative singular)
peijehiltä (ablative plural)
peijehelen (allative singular)
peijehelek (allative singular)
peijehilen (allative plural)
peijehilek (allative plural)
peijehenä (essive singular)
peijehinä (essive plural)
peijeheksi (singular translative)
peijehiksi (plural translative)
peijehen (instructive singular)
peijehin (instructive plural)
peijehenek (comitative singular)
peijehinek (comitative plural)
peijehettä (abessive singular)
peijehittä (abessive plural)

Estonian: peied pl

Livonian: (Salaca) peijed pl

Finnish: peijaat pl

⇒ Finnish: peijaiset pl

Karelian: peijahat pl

Probably borrowed from Proto-Indo-Iranian *paHiyas (“libation”).
However, a connection to Proto-Germanic *faigijaz (“doomed, marked for death”) has also been postulated.


kindik

desc

Estonian: kinni, ⇒ kindel (from *kintelä < *kinte- + *-lä?)

Finnish: kiinni

Ingrian: kiin, kiini

Karelian:

North Karelian: kiini

South Karelian: kiini

Livvi: kiini

Ludian: kińd

Võro: kinniq

Votic: tšiin, tšiini

From *kinte- + *-ik. Further related to Proto-Samic *kintëk (whence Northern Sami gitta).


kintedä

kintedä (nominative singular)
kintedät (nominative plural)
kintedän (accusative singular)
kintedät (accusative plural)
kintedän (genitive singular)
kintedäden (genitive plural)
kintedeiden (genitive plural)
kintedätä (partitive singular)
kintedeitä (partitive plural)
kintedässä (inessive singular)
kintedähnä (inessive singular)
kintedeissä (inessive plural)
kintedeihnä (inessive plural)
kintedästä (elative singular)
kintedeistä (elative plural)
kintedäsen (illative singular)
kintedeisen (illative plural)
kintedällä (adessive singular)
kintedeillä (adessive plural)
kintedältä (ablative singular)
kintedeiltä (ablative plural)
kintedälen (allative singular)
kintedälek (allative singular)
kintedeilen (allative plural)
kintedeilek (allative plural)
kintedänä (essive singular)
kintedeinä (essive plural)
kintedäksi (singular translative)
kintedeiksi (plural translative)
kintedän (instructive singular)
kintedein (instructive plural)
kintedänek (comitative singular)
kintedeinek (comitative plural)
kintedättä (abessive singular)
kintedeittä (abessive plural)

Finnish: kiinteä

Ingrian: kiintiä

Karelian: kiintie

Ludian: kińd'ed

*kinte- + *-edä, from the same root as *kindik.


sicka-

Estonian: hitse, site, (dialectal) sitme

Finnish: sitkain, (dialectal) sitkama, sitka

Karelian:

South Karelian: sitkelmö, sikkain

Livvi: sikkelin

Ludian: sikloimi

Veps: sikloita

Võro: hidsõq


peentara

peentara (nominative singular)
peentarat (nominative plural)
peentaran (accusative singular)
peentarat (accusative plural)
peentaran (genitive singular)
peentaradën (genitive plural)
peentaroidën (genitive plural)
peentarata (partitive singular)
peentaroita (partitive plural)
peentarassa (inessive singular)
peentarahna (inessive singular)
peentaroissa (inessive plural)
peentaroihna (inessive plural)
peentarasta (elative singular)
peentaroista (elative plural)
peentarasën (illative singular)
peentaroisën (illative plural)
peentaralla (adessive singular)
peentaroilla (adessive plural)
peentaralta (ablative singular)
peentaroilta (ablative plural)
peentaralën (allative singular)
peentaralëk (allative singular)
peentaroilën (allative plural)
peentaroilëk (allative plural)
peentarana (essive singular)
peentaroina (essive plural)
peentaraksi (singular translative)
peentaroiksi (plural translative)
peentaran (instructive singular)
peentaroin (instructive plural)
peentaranëk (comitative singular)
peentaroinëk (comitative plural)
peentaratta (abessive singular)
peentaroitta (abessive plural)

Estonian: peenar

Finnish: piennar, pientare

Ingrian: peentara

Karelian: piennar

⇒ Livonian: pīendrõks

Livvi: pienar

Ludian: piendar

Võro: pinnär'

Votic: peentõrõ, (Mati) peentärä

Unknown. Possibly a univerbation of *peeni (“small”) + *tarha (“garden”).


hoitadak

hoita- (stem)
hoidan (first-person present singular)
hoidëin (first-person past singular)
hoitagon (first-person optative singular)
hoidat (present second-person singular)
hoidëit (past second-person singular)
hoidak (imperative second-person singular)
hoitagos (optative second-person singular)
hoitabi (present singular third-person)
hoita (present singular third-person)
hoitëi (past singular third-person)
hoitagasën (imperative singular third-person)
hoitagosën (optative singular third-person)
hoidakmëk (first-person plural present)
hoidakmak (first-person plural present)
hoitëimëk (first-person past plural)
hoitëimak (first-person past plural)
hoitagatëmëk (first-person imperative plural)
hoitagatamak (first-person imperative plural)
hoitagotëmëk (first-person optative plural)
hoitagotamak (first-person optative plural)
hoidaktëk (plural present second-person)
hoidaktak (plural present second-person)
hoitëidëk (past plural second-person)
hoitëidak (past plural second-person)
hoitagatë (imperative plural second-person)
hoitagata (imperative plural second-person)
hoitagot'ëk (optative plural second-person)
hoitagotadak (optative plural second-person)
hoitabat (plural present third-person)
hoita (plural present third-person)
hoitëi (past plural third-person)
hoitagasën (imperative plural third-person)
hoitagosën (optative plural third-person)
hoidaksën (passive present)
hoidat'aksën (passive present)
hoitadisën (passive past)
hoidattisën (passive past)
hoitadakahën (imperative passive)
hoidattakahën (imperative passive)
hoitadakohën (optative passive)
hoidattakohën (optative passive)
hoidak (connegative present)
hoitagak (connegative imperative)
hoitagok (connegative optative)
hoidaktak (connegative passive present)
hoitadagak (connegative imperative passive)
hoidattagak (connegative imperative passive)
hoitadagok (connegative optative passive)
hoidattagok (connegative optative passive)
hoidakcin (conditional conditional-i first-person singular)
hoitëicin (conditional conditional-ii first-person singular)
hoitanën (first-person potential singular)
hoidakcit (conditional conditional-i second-person singular)
hoitëicit (conditional conditional-ii second-person singular)
hoitanët (potential second-person singular)
hoidakci (conditional conditional-i singular third-person)
hoitëici (conditional conditional-ii singular third-person)
hoitani (potential singular third-person)
hoidakcimëk (conditional conditional-i first-person plural)
hoidakcimak (conditional conditional-i first-person plural)
hoitëicimëk (conditional conditional-ii first-person plural)
hoitëicimak (conditional conditional-ii first-person plural)
hoitanëmëk (first-person plural potential)
hoitanëmak (first-person plural potential)
hoidakcidëk (conditional conditional-i plural second-person)
hoidakcidak (conditional conditional-i plural second-person)
hoitëicidëk (conditional conditional-ii plural second-person)
hoitëicidak (conditional conditional-ii plural second-person)
hoitanëdëk (plural potential second-person)
hoitanëdak (plural potential second-person)
hoidakci (conditional conditional-i plural third-person)
hoitëici (conditional conditional-ii plural third-person)
hoitani (plural potential third-person)
hoitadakcihën (conditional conditional-i passive)
hoidat'akcihën (conditional conditional-i passive)
hoitadicihën (conditional conditional-ii passive)
hoidatticihën (conditional conditional-ii passive)
hoitadanëhën (passive potential)
hoidattanëhën (passive potential)
hoidakcik (conditional conditional-i connegative)
hoitëicik (conditional conditional-ii connegative)
hoitanëk (connegative potential)
hoitadakcik (conditional conditional-i connegative passive)
hoidat'akcik (conditional conditional-i connegative passive)
hoitadicik (conditional conditional-ii connegative passive)
hoidatticik (conditional conditional-ii connegative passive)
hoitadanëk (connegative passive potential)
hoidattanëk (connegative passive potential)
hoitadak (conditional conditional-i infinitive infinitive-i)
hoitaba (active participle present)
hoitadapa (participle passive present)
hoidattapa (participle passive present)
hoitadë- (conditional conditional-i infinitive infinitive-ii)
hoitanut (active participle past)
hoitadu (participle passive past)
hoidattu (participle passive past)
hoitama (conditional conditional-i gerund supine)
hoitaminen (conditional conditional-i noun-from-verb)

Estonian: hoidma/hoida

Finnish: hoitaa

→ Inari Sami: hojttȧđ

→ Northern Sami: hoitát

Ingrian: hoitaa

Karelian: hoitoa

Livonian: voidõ

Võro: hoitma/hoitaq

Votic: oita

Possibly borrowed from Proto-Indo-Iranian *śćaHyáH (> *hoi-) + *-tadak.


soova

soova (nominative singular)
soovat (nominative plural)
soovan (accusative singular)
soovat (accusative plural)
soovan (genitive singular)
soovadën (genitive plural)
soovëidën (genitive plural)
soovada (partitive singular)
soovëida (partitive plural)
soovassa (inessive singular)
soovahna (inessive singular)
soovëissa (inessive plural)
soovëihna (inessive plural)
soovasta (elative singular)
soovëista (elative plural)
soovahën (illative singular)
soovëihën (illative plural)
soovalla (adessive singular)
soovëilla (adessive plural)
soovalta (ablative singular)
soovëilta (ablative plural)
soovalën (allative singular)
soovalëk (allative singular)
soovëilën (allative plural)
soovëilëk (allative plural)
soovana (essive singular)
soovëina (essive plural)
soovaksi (singular translative)
soovëiksi (plural translative)
soovan (instructive singular)
soovëin (instructive plural)
soovanëk (comitative singular)
soovëinëk (comitative plural)
soovatta (abessive singular)
soovëitta (abessive plural)

Estonian: (dialectal) sova, soova

Finnish: suova

→ Northern Sami: suovvi

Karelian: suova

Livvi: suovu

Ludian: suov

Veps: sova

Borrowed either from Proto-Baltic [Term?] (whence Latvian stāvs (“stature, storey”), Lithuanian stovas (“rack, stand”)), or less likely, from Proto-Germanic *stōō.


sapra

Finnic (Northern)
sapra (nominative singular)
saprat (nominative plural)
sapran (accusative singular)
saprat (accusative plural)
sapran (genitive singular)
sapradën (genitive plural)
saproidën (genitive plural)
saprada (partitive singular)
saproida (partitive plural)
saprassa (inessive singular)
saprahna (inessive singular)
saproissa (inessive plural)
saproihna (inessive plural)
saprasta (elative singular)
saproista (elative plural)
saprahën (illative singular)
saproihën (illative plural)
sapralla (adessive singular)
saproilla (adessive plural)
sapralta (ablative singular)
saproilta (ablative plural)
sapralën (allative singular)
sapralëk (allative singular)
saproilën (allative plural)
saproilëk (allative plural)
saprana (essive singular)
saproina (essive plural)
sapraksi (singular translative)
saproiksi (plural translative)
sapran (instructive singular)
saproin (instructive plural)
sapranëk (comitative singular)
saproinëk (comitative plural)
sapratta (abessive singular)
saproitta (abessive plural)

desc

Finnish: (dialectal) saura, sapra, sapro

Karelian:

North Karelian: suapra

South Karelian: šuabra

Livvi: suabru

Ludian: suabr

Veps: sabr

, *soova


tulus

tulus (nominative singular)
tuluksët (nominative plural)
tuluksën (accusative singular)
tuluksët (accusative plural)
tuluksën (genitive singular)
tulustën (genitive plural)
tuluksidën (genitive plural)
tulusta (partitive singular)
tuluksita (partitive plural)
tuluksëssa (inessive singular)
tuluksëhna (inessive singular)
tuluksissa (inessive plural)
tuluksihna (inessive plural)
tuluksësta (elative singular)
tuluksista (elative plural)
tuluksësën (illative singular)
tuluksisën (illative plural)
tuluksëlla (adessive singular)
tuluksilla (adessive plural)
tuluksëlta (ablative singular)
tuluksilta (ablative plural)
tuluksëlën (allative singular)
tuluksëlëk (allative singular)
tuluksilën (allative plural)
tuluksilëk (allative plural)
tulussa (essive singular)
tuluksina (essive plural)
tuluksëksi (singular translative)
tuluksiksi (plural translative)
tuluksën (instructive singular)
tuluksin (instructive plural)
tulussëk (comitative singular)
tuluksinëk (comitative plural)
tuluksëtta (abessive singular)
tuluksitta (abessive plural)

Estonian: tulused pl, tulus

Finnish: tulukset pl, (rare) tulus

Ingrian: tulus

Karelian: tulukset pl

Livonian: tulūks

Livvi: tulukset pl

Ludian: tuluksed pl

Veps: tulused pl

Votic: tuluz, tuluhsõd pl

(usually in the plural) fire-making tool


pëhku

pëhku (nominative singular)
pëhkut (nominative plural)
pëhkun (accusative singular)
pëhkut (accusative plural)
pëhkun (genitive singular)
pëhkudën (genitive plural)
pëhkuidën (genitive plural)
pëhkuda (partitive singular)
pëhkuida (partitive plural)
pëhkussa (inessive singular)
pëhkuhna (inessive singular)
pëhkuissa (inessive plural)
pëhkuihna (inessive plural)
pëhkusta (elative singular)
pëhkuista (elative plural)
pëhkuhën (illative singular)
pëhkuihën (illative plural)
pëhkulla (adessive singular)
pëhkuilla (adessive plural)
pëhkulta (ablative singular)
pëhkuilta (ablative plural)
pëhkulën (allative singular)
pëhkulëk (allative singular)
pëhkuilën (allative plural)
pëhkuilëk (allative plural)
pëhkuna (essive singular)
pëhkuina (essive plural)
pëhkuksi (singular translative)
pëhkuiksi (plural translative)
pëhkun (instructive singular)
pëhkuin (instructive plural)
pëhkunëk (comitative singular)
pëhkuinëk (comitative plural)
pëhkutta (abessive singular)
pëhkuitta (abessive plural)

Estonian: põhk

Finnish: pehku

Ingrian: pehku

Karelian: pehku

⇒ Livonian: pȭ’kt

Livvi: pehko

Ludian: pehk

Veps: pehk

Võro: põhk

Votic: (Mati, Kõrvõttula) põhku


vasën

Estonian: vasem

Finnish: vasen

Karelian:

North Karelian: vasen

South Karelian: važen

Estonian: vasak

From earlier *vasa-mpi, derived from Proto-Uralic *wasa.


tëmppu

tëmppu (nominative singular)
tëmp'ut (nominative plural)
tëmp'un (accusative singular)
tëmp'ut (accusative plural)
tëmp'un (genitive singular)
tëmppudën (genitive plural)
tëmppuidën (genitive plural)
tëmppuda (partitive singular)
tëmppuida (partitive plural)
tëmp'ussa (inessive singular)
tëmp'uhna (inessive singular)
tëmp'uissa (inessive plural)
tëmp'uihna (inessive plural)
tëmp'usta (elative singular)
tëmp'uista (elative plural)
tëmppuhën (illative singular)
tëmppuihën (illative plural)
tëmp'ulla (adessive singular)
tëmp'uilla (adessive plural)
tëmp'ulta (ablative singular)
tëmp'uilta (ablative plural)
tëmppulën (allative singular)
tëmppulëk (allative singular)
tëmppuilën (allative plural)
tëmppuilëk (allative plural)
tëmppuna (essive singular)
tëmppuina (essive plural)
tëmp'uksi (singular translative)
tëmp'uiksi (plural translative)
tëmp'un (instructive singular)
tëmp'uin (instructive plural)
tëmppunëk (comitative singular)
tëmppuinëk (comitative plural)
tëmp'utta (abessive singular)
tëmp'uitta (abessive plural)

Estonian: temp

Finnish: temppu

Ingrian: temppu

Karelian: temppu

Livonian: temp

Livvi: temppu

Võro: temp

Votic: temppu

Possibly derived from *tëmbait'ak with + *-u.


lakkidak

lakki- (stem)
lak'in (first-person present singular)
lakkëjin (first-person past singular)
lakkigon (first-person optative singular)
lak'it (present second-person singular)
lakkëjit (past second-person singular)
lak'ik (imperative second-person singular)
lakkigos (optative second-person singular)
lakkibi (present singular third-person)
lakki (present singular third-person)
lakkëji (past singular third-person)
lakkigasën (imperative singular third-person)
lakkigosën (optative singular third-person)
lak'ikmëk (first-person plural present)
lak'ikmak (first-person plural present)
lakkëjimëk (first-person past plural)
lakkëjimak (first-person past plural)
lakkigatëmëk (first-person imperative plural)
lakkigatamak (first-person imperative plural)
lakkigotëmëk (first-person optative plural)
lakkigotamak (first-person optative plural)
lak'iktëk (plural present second-person)
lak'iktak (plural present second-person)
lakkëjidëk (past plural second-person)
lakkëjidak (past plural second-person)
lakkigatë (imperative plural second-person)
lakkigata (imperative plural second-person)
lakkigot'ëk (optative plural second-person)
lakkigotadak (optative plural second-person)
lakkibat (plural present third-person)
lakki (plural present third-person)
lakkëji (past plural third-person)
lakkigasën (imperative plural third-person)
lakkigosën (optative plural third-person)
lak'iksën (passive present)
lak'it'aksën (passive present)
lakkidisën (passive past)
lak'ittisën (passive past)
lakkidakahën (imperative passive)
lak'ittakahën (imperative passive)
lakkidakohën (optative passive)
lak'ittakohën (optative passive)
lak'ik (connegative present)
lakkigak (connegative imperative)
lakkigok (connegative optative)
lak'iktak (connegative passive present)
lakkidagak (connegative imperative passive)
lak'ittagak (connegative imperative passive)
lakkidagok (connegative optative passive)
lak'ittagok (connegative optative passive)
lak'ikcin (conditional conditional-i first-person singular)
lakkëjicin (conditional conditional-ii first-person singular)
lakkinën (first-person potential singular)
lak'ikcit (conditional conditional-i second-person singular)
lakkëjicit (conditional conditional-ii second-person singular)
lakkinët (potential second-person singular)
lak'ikci (conditional conditional-i singular third-person)
lakkëjici (conditional conditional-ii singular third-person)
lakkini (potential singular third-person)
lak'ikcimëk (conditional conditional-i first-person plural)
lak'ikcimak (conditional conditional-i first-person plural)
lakkëjicimëk (conditional conditional-ii first-person plural)
lakkëjicimak (conditional conditional-ii first-person plural)
lakkinëmëk (first-person plural potential)
lakkinëmak (first-person plural potential)
lak'ikcidëk (conditional conditional-i plural second-person)
lak'ikcidak (conditional conditional-i plural second-person)
lakkëjicidëk (conditional conditional-ii plural second-person)
lakkëjicidak (conditional conditional-ii plural second-person)
lakkinëdëk (plural potential second-person)
lakkinëdak (plural potential second-person)
lak'ikci (conditional conditional-i plural third-person)
lakkëjici (conditional conditional-ii plural third-person)
lakkini (plural potential third-person)
lakkidakcihën (conditional conditional-i passive)
lak'it'akcihën (conditional conditional-i passive)
lakkidicihën (conditional conditional-ii passive)
lak'itticihën (conditional conditional-ii passive)
lakkidanëhën (passive potential)
lak'ittanëhën (passive potential)
lak'ikcik (conditional conditional-i connegative)
lakkëjicik (conditional conditional-ii connegative)
lakkinëk (connegative potential)
lakkidakcik (conditional conditional-i connegative passive)
lak'it'akcik (conditional conditional-i connegative passive)
lakkidicik (conditional conditional-ii connegative passive)
lak'itticik (conditional conditional-ii connegative passive)
lakkidanëk (connegative passive potential)
lak'ittanëk (connegative passive potential)
lakkidak (conditional conditional-i infinitive infinitive-i)
lakkiba (active participle present)
lakkidapa (participle passive present)
lak'ittapa (participle passive present)
lakkidë- (conditional conditional-i infinitive infinitive-ii)
lakkinut (active participle past)
lakkidu (participle passive past)
lak'ittu (participle passive past)
lakkima (conditional conditional-i gerund supine)
lakkiminen (conditional conditional-i noun-from-verb)

Finnish: (dialectal) lakkia, ⇒ latkia

Karelian:

North Karelian: lakkie

South Karelian: lakkie

Livonian: lakkõ

Ludian: lakkida

Veps: ⇒ lakičta

Votic: lakkia

Estonian: lakkuma/lakkuda

Ingrian: ⇒ lakuttaa

Võro: lakma/lakkuq

Votic: lakkua

to lap, to lick (to take in with the tongue)


rakjoidak

Estonian: raiuma

Finnish: raajoa (dialectal)

Votic: (Kõrvõttula, Mati, Pummala) radʹdʹoa

From *rakja (“limb”) + *-oidak. Compare Proto-Samic *ruovjitēk (“to cut up a slaughtered animal”).


pagacca-

Estonian: paaks- (in compound: paakspuu)

Finnish: paatsama (< *pagacca-ma)

Ingrian: paatsa- (in compound: paatsapuu)

Livonian: pagāst- (in compound: pagāstmōŗapū)

Livvi: pakačin (< *pagacc-in)

Ludian: pagačin (< *pagacc-in)

Veps: pagač (< *pagacc-in)

Võro: paadsa- (in compound: paadsapuu)


eccidäk

ecci- (stem)
ec'in (first-person present singular)
eccejin (first-person past singular)
eccigon (first-person optative singular)
ec'it (present second-person singular)
eccejit (past second-person singular)
ec'ik (imperative second-person singular)
eccigos (optative second-person singular)
eccibi (present singular third-person)
ecci (present singular third-person)
ecceji (past singular third-person)
eccigäsen (imperative singular third-person)
eccigosen (optative singular third-person)
ec'ikmek (first-person plural present)
ec'ikmäk (first-person plural present)
eccejimek (first-person past plural)
eccejimäk (first-person past plural)
eccigätemek (first-person imperative plural)
eccigätämäk (first-person imperative plural)
eccigotemek (first-person optative plural)
eccigotämäk (first-person optative plural)
ec'iktek (plural present second-person)
ec'iktäk (plural present second-person)
eccejidek (past plural second-person)
eccejidäk (past plural second-person)
eccigäte (imperative plural second-person)
eccigätä (imperative plural second-person)
eccigot'ek (optative plural second-person)
eccigotädäk (optative plural second-person)
eccibät (plural present third-person)
ecci (plural present third-person)
ecceji (past plural third-person)
eccigäsen (imperative plural third-person)
eccigosen (optative plural third-person)
ec'iksen (passive present)
ec'it'äksen (passive present)
eccidisen (passive past)
ec'ittisen (passive past)
eccidäkähen (imperative passive)
ec'ittäkähen (imperative passive)
eccidäkohen (optative passive)
ec'ittäkohen (optative passive)
ec'ik (connegative present)
eccigäk (connegative imperative)
eccigok (connegative optative)
ec'iktäk (connegative passive present)
eccidägäk (connegative imperative passive)
ec'ittägäk (connegative imperative passive)
eccidägok (connegative optative passive)
ec'ittägok (connegative optative passive)
ec'ikcin (conditional conditional-i first-person singular)
eccejicin (conditional conditional-ii first-person singular)
eccinen (first-person potential singular)
ec'ikcit (conditional conditional-i second-person singular)
eccejicit (conditional conditional-ii second-person singular)
eccinet (potential second-person singular)
ec'ikci (conditional conditional-i singular third-person)
eccejici (conditional conditional-ii singular third-person)
eccini (potential singular third-person)
ec'ikcimek (conditional conditional-i first-person plural)
ec'ikcimäk (conditional conditional-i first-person plural)
eccejicimek (conditional conditional-ii first-person plural)
eccejicimäk (conditional conditional-ii first-person plural)
eccinemek (first-person plural potential)
eccinemäk (first-person plural potential)
ec'ikcidek (conditional conditional-i plural second-person)
ec'ikcidäk (conditional conditional-i plural second-person)
eccejicidek (conditional conditional-ii plural second-person)
eccejicidäk (conditional conditional-ii plural second-person)
eccinedek (plural potential second-person)
eccinedäk (plural potential second-person)
ec'ikci (conditional conditional-i plural third-person)
eccejici (conditional conditional-ii plural third-person)
eccini (plural potential third-person)
eccidäkcihen (conditional conditional-i passive)
ec'it'äkcihen (conditional conditional-i passive)
eccidicihen (conditional conditional-ii passive)
ec'itticihen (conditional conditional-ii passive)
eccidänehen (passive potential)
ec'ittänehen (passive potential)
ec'ikcik (conditional conditional-i connegative)
eccejicik (conditional conditional-ii connegative)
eccinek (connegative potential)
eccidäkcik (conditional conditional-i connegative passive)
ec'it'äkcik (conditional conditional-i connegative passive)
eccidicik (conditional conditional-ii connegative passive)
ec'itticik (conditional conditional-ii connegative passive)
eccidänek (connegative passive potential)
ec'ittänek (connegative passive potential)
eccidäk (conditional conditional-i infinitive infinitive-i)
eccibä (active participle present)
eccidäpä (participle passive present)
ec'ittäpä (participle passive present)
eccide- (conditional conditional-i infinitive infinitive-ii)
eccinüt (active participle past)
eccidü (participle passive past)
ec'ittü (participle passive past)
eccimä (conditional conditional-i gerund supine)
ecciminen (conditional conditional-i noun-from-verb)

Finnish: etsiä

Ingrian: etsiä

→? Votic: ettsiä

Karelian:

North Karelian: eččie

South Karelian: eččie

Livvi: eččie

Ludian: eččida

Veps: ectä, ecta

Estonian: otsima/otsida

desc

Livonian: (Courland) vȯtšõ, (Salaca) otš

Võro: ots'ma/otsiq

Votic: (Kattila) õttsia

Unknown. Possibly borrowed from Proto-Germanic *enþjan-.


odottadak

odotta- (stem)
odot'an (first-person present singular)
odot'ëin (first-person past singular)
odottagon (first-person optative singular)
odot'at (present second-person singular)
odot'ëit (past second-person singular)
odot'ak (imperative second-person singular)
odottagos (optative second-person singular)
odottapi (present singular third-person)
odotta (present singular third-person)
odottëi (past singular third-person)
odottakahën (imperative singular third-person)
odottakohën (optative singular third-person)
odot'akmëk (first-person plural present)
odot'akmak (first-person plural present)
odottëimëk (first-person past plural)
odottëimak (first-person past plural)
odottakadëmëk (first-person imperative plural)
odottakadamak (first-person imperative plural)
odottakodëmëk (first-person optative plural)
odottakodamak (first-person optative plural)
odot'aktëk (plural present second-person)
odot'aktak (plural present second-person)
odottëidëk (past plural second-person)
odottëidak (past plural second-person)
odottakadë (imperative plural second-person)
odottakada (imperative plural second-person)
odottagot'ëk (optative plural second-person)
odottakodadak (optative plural second-person)
odottabat (plural present third-person)
odotta (plural present third-person)
odottëi (past plural third-person)
odottakahën (imperative plural third-person)
odottakohën (optative plural third-person)
odot'aksën (passive present)
odot'at'aksën (passive present)
odottatihën (passive past)
odot'attihën (passive past)
odottatagasën (imperative passive)
odot'attagasën (imperative passive)
odottatagosën (optative passive)
odot'attagosën (optative passive)
odot'ak (connegative present)
odottagak (connegative imperative)
odottagok (connegative optative)
odot'aktak (connegative passive present)
odottatagak (connegative imperative passive)
odot'attagak (connegative imperative passive)
odottatagok (connegative optative passive)
odot'attagok (connegative optative passive)
odot'akcin (conditional conditional-i first-person singular)
odottëicin (conditional conditional-ii first-person singular)
odottanën (first-person potential singular)
odot'akcit (conditional conditional-i second-person singular)
odottëicit (conditional conditional-ii second-person singular)
odottanët (potential second-person singular)
odot'akci (conditional conditional-i singular third-person)
odottëici (conditional conditional-ii singular third-person)
odottani (potential singular third-person)
odot'akcimëk (conditional conditional-i first-person plural)
odot'akcimak (conditional conditional-i first-person plural)
odottëicimëk (conditional conditional-ii first-person plural)
odottëicimak (conditional conditional-ii first-person plural)
odottanëmëk (first-person plural potential)
odottanëmak (first-person plural potential)
odot'akcidëk (conditional conditional-i plural second-person)
odot'akcidak (conditional conditional-i plural second-person)
odottëicidëk (conditional conditional-ii plural second-person)
odottëicidak (conditional conditional-ii plural second-person)
odottanëdëk (plural potential second-person)
odottanëdak (plural potential second-person)
odot'akci (conditional conditional-i plural third-person)
odottëici (conditional conditional-ii plural third-person)
odottani (plural potential third-person)
odottadakcisën (conditional conditional-i passive)
odot'at'akcisën (conditional conditional-i passive)
odottaticisën (conditional conditional-ii passive)
odot'atticisën (conditional conditional-ii passive)
odottatanësën (passive potential)
odot'attanësën (passive potential)
odot'akcik (conditional conditional-i connegative)
odottëicik (conditional conditional-ii connegative)
odottanëk (connegative potential)
odottadakcik (conditional conditional-i connegative passive)
odot'at'akcik (conditional conditional-i connegative passive)
odottaticik (conditional conditional-ii connegative passive)
odot'atticik (conditional conditional-ii connegative passive)
odottatanëk (connegative passive potential)
odot'attanëk (connegative passive potential)
odottadak (conditional conditional-i infinitive infinitive-i)
odottapa (active participle present)
odottataba (participle passive present)
odot'attaba (participle passive present)
odottatë- (conditional conditional-i infinitive infinitive-ii)
odottanut (active participle past)
odottatu (participle passive past)
odot'attu (participle passive past)
odottama (conditional conditional-i gerund supine)
odottaminen (conditional conditional-i noun-from-verb)

Estonian: ootama/oodata

Finnish: odottaa

Karelian:

North Karelian: vuottoa

South Karelian: vuottoa

Livvi: vuottua

Ludian: vuottada

Veps: ⇒ vottatada

Võro: uutma/uutaq

Votic: ootta

From Proto-Finno-Permic *woča-w- + *-ttadak (*woča-w-kta-).


këllo

këllo (nominative singular)
këllot (nominative plural)
këllon (accusative singular)
këllot (accusative plural)
këllon (genitive singular)
këllodën (genitive plural)
këlloidën (genitive plural)
këlloda (partitive singular)
këlloida (partitive plural)
këllossa (inessive singular)
këllohna (inessive singular)
këlloissa (inessive plural)
këlloihna (inessive plural)
këllosta (elative singular)
këlloista (elative plural)
këllohën (illative singular)
këlloihën (illative plural)
këllolla (adessive singular)
këlloilla (adessive plural)
këllolta (ablative singular)
këlloilta (ablative plural)
këllolën (allative singular)
këllolëk (allative singular)
këlloilën (allative plural)
këlloilëk (allative plural)
këllona (essive singular)
këlloina (essive plural)
këlloksi (singular translative)
këlloiksi (plural translative)
këllon (instructive singular)
këlloin (instructive plural)
këllonëk (comitative singular)
këlloinëk (comitative plural)
këllotta (abessive singular)
këlloitta (abessive plural)

Estonian: (dialectal) kell

Finnish: kello

→ Inari Sami: kiällu

→ Skolt Sami: ǩeâll

→ Akkala Sami: келл (k’ell)

→ Kildin Sami: ке̄лл (kiell)

→ Ter Sami: [script needed] (kieл̀лᵃ)

Ingrian: kello

Karelian: kello

Livvi: kello

Ludian: kell

Veps: kel, kelo

Votic: tšello

Estonian: kell

Livonian: kīela

Võro: kell

Votic: tšelle

Borrowed from Proto-Germanic *skellǭ (“bell”) (whence German Schelle).


noitudak

noitu- (stem)
noidun (first-person present singular)
noiduin (first-person past singular)
noitugon (first-person optative singular)
noidut (present second-person singular)
noiduit (past second-person singular)
noiduk (imperative second-person singular)
noitugos (optative second-person singular)
noitubi (present singular third-person)
noitu (present singular third-person)
noitui (past singular third-person)
noitugasën (imperative singular third-person)
noitugosën (optative singular third-person)
noidukmëk (first-person plural present)
noidukmak (first-person plural present)
noituimëk (first-person past plural)
noituimak (first-person past plural)
noitugatëmëk (first-person imperative plural)
noitugatamak (first-person imperative plural)
noitugotëmëk (first-person optative plural)
noitugotamak (first-person optative plural)
noiduktëk (plural present second-person)
noiduktak (plural present second-person)
noituidëk (past plural second-person)
noituidak (past plural second-person)
noitugatë (imperative plural second-person)
noitugata (imperative plural second-person)
noitugot'ëk (optative plural second-person)
noitugotadak (optative plural second-person)
noitubat (plural present third-person)
noitu (plural present third-person)
noitui (past plural third-person)
noitugasën (imperative plural third-person)
noitugosën (optative plural third-person)
noiduksën (passive present)
noidut'aksën (passive present)
noitudisën (passive past)
noiduttisën (passive past)
noitudakahën (imperative passive)
noiduttakahën (imperative passive)
noitudakohën (optative passive)
noiduttakohën (optative passive)
noiduk (connegative present)
noitugak (connegative imperative)
noitugok (connegative optative)
noiduktak (connegative passive present)
noitudagak (connegative imperative passive)
noiduttagak (connegative imperative passive)
noitudagok (connegative optative passive)
noiduttagok (connegative optative passive)
noidukcin (conditional conditional-i first-person singular)
noituicin (conditional conditional-ii first-person singular)
noitunën (first-person potential singular)
noidukcit (conditional conditional-i second-person singular)
noituicit (conditional conditional-ii second-person singular)
noitunët (potential second-person singular)
noidukci (conditional conditional-i singular third-person)
noituici (conditional conditional-ii singular third-person)
noituni (potential singular third-person)
noidukcimëk (conditional conditional-i first-person plural)
noidukcimak (conditional conditional-i first-person plural)
noituicimëk (conditional conditional-ii first-person plural)
noituicimak (conditional conditional-ii first-person plural)
noitunëmëk (first-person plural potential)
noitunëmak (first-person plural potential)
noidukcidëk (conditional conditional-i plural second-person)
noidukcidak (conditional conditional-i plural second-person)
noituicidëk (conditional conditional-ii plural second-person)
noituicidak (conditional conditional-ii plural second-person)
noitunëdëk (plural potential second-person)
noitunëdak (plural potential second-person)
noidukci (conditional conditional-i plural third-person)
noituici (conditional conditional-ii plural third-person)
noituni (plural potential third-person)
noitudakcihën (conditional conditional-i passive)
noidut'akcihën (conditional conditional-i passive)
noitudicihën (conditional conditional-ii passive)
noidutticihën (conditional conditional-ii passive)
noitudanëhën (passive potential)
noiduttanëhën (passive potential)
noidukcik (conditional conditional-i connegative)
noituicik (conditional conditional-ii connegative)
noitunëk (connegative potential)
noitudakcik (conditional conditional-i connegative passive)
noidut'akcik (conditional conditional-i connegative passive)
noitudicik (conditional conditional-ii connegative passive)
noidutticik (conditional conditional-ii connegative passive)
noitudanëk (connegative passive potential)
noiduttanëk (connegative passive potential)
noitudak (conditional conditional-i infinitive infinitive-i)
noituba (active participle present)
noitudapa (participle passive present)
noiduttapa (participle passive present)
noitudë- (conditional conditional-i infinitive infinitive-ii)
noitunut (active participle past)
noitudu (participle passive past)
noiduttu (participle passive past)
noituma (conditional conditional-i gerund supine)
noituminen (conditional conditional-i noun-from-verb)

Estonian: nõiduma/nõiduda

Finnish: noitua

Ingrian: noitua

Karelian: noituo

Võro: nõidma/nõiduq

Votic: nõitoa, nõitua, (Mati) nõitaa


rëhto

rëhto (nominative singular)
rëhtot (nominative plural)
rëhton (accusative singular)
rëhtot (accusative plural)
rëhton (genitive singular)
rëhtodën (genitive plural)
rëhtoidën (genitive plural)
rëhtoda (partitive singular)
rëhtoida (partitive plural)
rëhtossa (inessive singular)
rëhtohna (inessive singular)
rëhtoissa (inessive plural)
rëhtoihna (inessive plural)
rëhtosta (elative singular)
rëhtoista (elative plural)
rëhtohën (illative singular)
rëhtoihën (illative plural)
rëhtolla (adessive singular)
rëhtoilla (adessive plural)
rëhtolta (ablative singular)
rëhtoilta (ablative plural)
rëhtolën (allative singular)
rëhtolëk (allative singular)
rëhtoilën (allative plural)
rëhtoilëk (allative plural)
rëhtona (essive singular)
rëhtoina (essive plural)
rëhtoksi (singular translative)
rëhtoiksi (plural translative)
rëhton (instructive singular)
rëhtoin (instructive plural)
rëhtonëk (comitative singular)
rëhtoinëk (comitative plural)
rëhtotta (abessive singular)
rëhtoitta (abessive plural)

Estonian: rõht

Finnish: rehto

Karelian: riehto

Livonian: rõ’ut

Livvi: rehto

Ludian: rieht

Veps: reht

Borrowed from Proto-Germanic [Term?] (whence Middle Low German wrechte (“corral”)).


kelmeh

kelmeh (nominative singular)
kelmehet (nominative plural)
kelmehen (accusative singular)
kelmehet (accusative plural)
kelmehen (genitive singular)
kelmehten (genitive plural)
kelmehiden (genitive plural)
kelmehtä (partitive singular)
kelmehitä (partitive plural)
kelmehessä (inessive singular)
kelmehehnä (inessive singular)
kelmehissä (inessive plural)
kelmehihnä (inessive plural)
kelmehestä (elative singular)
kelmehistä (elative plural)
kelmehesen (illative singular)
kelmehisen (illative plural)
kelmehellä (adessive singular)
kelmehillä (adessive plural)
kelmeheltä (ablative singular)
kelmehiltä (ablative plural)
kelmehelen (allative singular)
kelmehelek (allative singular)
kelmehilen (allative plural)
kelmehilek (allative plural)
kelmehenä (essive singular)
kelmehinä (essive plural)
kelmeheksi (singular translative)
kelmehiksi (plural translative)
kelmehen (instructive singular)
kelmehin (instructive plural)
kelmehenek (comitative singular)
kelmehinek (comitative plural)
kelmehettä (abessive singular)
kelmehittä (abessive plural)

Estonian: kelme

Finnish: kelme

Karelian: kelveh

Võro: kelmeq

Votic: (Pummala) tšelme

Finnish: kelmu

Karelian: kelmu

Possibly from Proto-Finno-Permic *kelmä + *-eh.


pistü

Estonian: püsti

Finnish: pysty

Ingrian: pyssys

Karelian: pisty

Livonian: pist

Livvi: pysty

Ludian: püšt

Veps: püšt

Võro: pistü

Votic: pissü


nërkka

nërkka (nominative singular)
nërk'at (nominative plural)
nërk'an (accusative singular)
nërk'at (accusative plural)
nërk'an (genitive singular)
nërkkadën (genitive plural)
nërkkoidën (genitive plural)
nërkkada (partitive singular)
nërkkoida (partitive plural)
nërk'assa (inessive singular)
nërk'ahna (inessive singular)
nërk'oissa (inessive plural)
nërk'oihna (inessive plural)
nërk'asta (elative singular)
nërk'oista (elative plural)
nërkkahën (illative singular)
nërkkoihën (illative plural)
nërk'alla (adessive singular)
nërk'oilla (adessive plural)
nërk'alta (ablative singular)
nërk'oilta (ablative plural)
nërkkalën (allative singular)
nërkkalëk (allative singular)
nërkkoilën (allative plural)
nërkkoilëk (allative plural)
nërkkana (essive singular)
nërkkoina (essive plural)
nërk'aksi (singular translative)
nërk'oiksi (plural translative)
nërk'an (instructive singular)
nërk'oin (instructive plural)
nërkkanëk (comitative singular)
nërkkoinëk (comitative plural)
nërk'atta (abessive singular)
nërk'oitta (abessive plural)

Estonian: nõrk

Finnish: (dialectal) nerkko, nerko

Livonian: nȭrka

Võro: nõrk

>? Votic: (Jõgõperä, rare) nõrkka

Possibly from Proto-Finno-Permic [Term?]. Potential non-Balto-Finnic cognates include Erzya нурька (nuŕka, “short”).


kehkerä

kehkerä (nominative singular)
kehkerät (nominative plural)
kehkerän (accusative singular)
kehkerät (accusative plural)
kehkerän (genitive singular)
kehkeräden (genitive plural)
kehkereiden (genitive plural)
kehkerätä (partitive singular)
kehkereitä (partitive plural)
kehkerässä (inessive singular)
kehkerähnä (inessive singular)
kehkereissä (inessive plural)
kehkereihnä (inessive plural)
kehkerästä (elative singular)
kehkereistä (elative plural)
kehkeräsen (illative singular)
kehkereisen (illative plural)
kehkerällä (adessive singular)
kehkereillä (adessive plural)
kehkerältä (ablative singular)
kehkereiltä (ablative plural)
kehkerälen (allative singular)
kehkerälek (allative singular)
kehkereilen (allative plural)
kehkereilek (allative plural)
kehkeränä (essive singular)
kehkereinä (essive plural)
kehkeräksi (singular translative)
kehkereiksi (plural translative)
kehkerän (instructive singular)
kehkerein (instructive plural)
kehkeränek (comitative singular)
kehkereinek (comitative plural)
kehkerättä (abessive singular)
kehkereittä (abessive plural)

Finnish: (dialectal) kehkerä

Veps: kehker, kehkar

From Proto-Finno-Permic *kečkerä, whence Erzya кичкере (kičkeŕe).


hëra

hëra (nominative singular)
hërat (nominative plural)
hëran (accusative singular)
hërat (accusative plural)
hëran (genitive singular)
hëradën (genitive plural)
hëroidën (genitive plural)
hërada (partitive singular)
hëroida (partitive plural)
hërassa (inessive singular)
hërahna (inessive singular)
hëroissa (inessive plural)
hëroihna (inessive plural)
hërasta (elative singular)
hëroista (elative plural)
hërahën (illative singular)
hëroihën (illative plural)
hëralla (adessive singular)
hëroilla (adessive plural)
hëralta (ablative singular)
hëroilta (ablative plural)
hëralën (allative singular)
hëralëk (allative singular)
hëroilën (allative plural)
hëroilëk (allative plural)
hërana (essive singular)
hëroina (essive plural)
hëraksi (singular translative)
hëroiksi (plural translative)
hëran (instructive singular)
hëroin (instructive plural)
hëranëk (comitative singular)
hëroinëk (comitative plural)
hëratta (abessive singular)
hëroitta (abessive plural)

Estonian: hõra- (in compound: hõrasilm)

Finnish: hera

Ingrian: hera- (in compound: heravesi)

Karelian:

North Karelian: hera

South Karelian: hera

Livonian: õrā

Livvi: hera

Ludian: hera

Võro: hõra- (in compound: hõrasilm)

Probably from earlier *šera, possibly borrowed from some descendant of Proto-Indo-European *ser- (“to flow”) (compare Latin sērum). According to Koivulehto, the Finnic word could be borrowed from Proto-Germanic *sera-, but this root is hypothetical, as there are no known Germanic descendants.


makjas

Estonian: maias

Finnish: maajas (dialectal)

→ Karelian: moajas (dialectal; Western)

Ingrian: makjas

Livonian: maigāz

Votic: magjõz

Võro: maḱas, majas


rusikka

rusikka (nominative singular)
rusik'at (nominative plural)
rusik'an (accusative singular)
rusik'at (accusative plural)
rusik'an (genitive singular)
rusikkadën (genitive plural)
rusikkoidën (genitive plural)
rusikkata (partitive singular)
rusikkoita (partitive plural)
rusik'assa (inessive singular)
rusik'ahna (inessive singular)
rusik'oissa (inessive plural)
rusik'oihna (inessive plural)
rusik'asta (elative singular)
rusik'oista (elative plural)
rusikkasën (illative singular)
rusikkoisën (illative plural)
rusik'alla (adessive singular)
rusik'oilla (adessive plural)
rusik'alta (ablative singular)
rusik'oilta (ablative plural)
rusikkalën (allative singular)
rusikkalëk (allative singular)
rusikkoilën (allative plural)
rusikkoilëk (allative plural)
rusikkana (essive singular)
rusikkoina (essive plural)
rusik'aksi (singular translative)
rusik'oiksi (plural translative)
rusik'an (instructive singular)
rusik'oin (instructive plural)
rusikkanëk (comitative singular)
rusikkoinëk (comitative plural)
rusik'atta (abessive singular)
rusik'oitta (abessive plural)

Estonian: rusikas

Finnish: (obsolete) rusikka

⇒ Finnish: rusikoida

Livonian: (Courland) ru’isk, rūiska, (Salaca) rūsk

Võro: rusik


pordas

pordas (nominative singular)
portahët (nominative plural)
portahën (accusative singular)
portahët (accusative plural)
portahën (genitive singular)
pordastën (genitive plural)
portahidën (genitive plural)
pordasta (partitive singular)
portahita (partitive plural)
portahëssa (inessive singular)
portahëhna (inessive singular)
portahissa (inessive plural)
portahihna (inessive plural)
portahësta (elative singular)
portahista (elative plural)
portahësën (illative singular)
portahisën (illative plural)
portahëlla (adessive singular)
portahilla (adessive plural)
portahëlta (ablative singular)
portahilta (ablative plural)
portahëlën (allative singular)
portahëlëk (allative singular)
portahilën (allative plural)
portahilëk (allative plural)
pordassa (essive singular)
portahina (essive plural)
portahëksi (singular translative)
portahiksi (plural translative)
portahën (instructive singular)
portahin (instructive plural)
pordassëk (comitative singular)
portahinëk (comitative plural)
portahëtta (abessive singular)
portahitta (abessive plural)

Finnish: porras

→ Northern Sami: boardda

Ingrian: porras

Karelian: porras

Livvi: porras

Ludian: pordaz

Veps: pordaz

Borrowed from Northwest Germanic *bordaz, from Proto-Germanic *burdą. Doublet of *purci, *purdëh.


tarbis

tarbis (nominative singular)
tarpihët (nominative plural)
tarpihën (accusative singular)
tarpihët (accusative plural)
tarpihën (genitive singular)
tarbistën (genitive plural)
tarpihidën (genitive plural)
tarbista (partitive singular)
tarpihita (partitive plural)
tarpihëssa (inessive singular)
tarpihëhna (inessive singular)
tarpihissa (inessive plural)
tarpihihna (inessive plural)
tarpihësta (elative singular)
tarpihista (elative plural)
tarpihësën (illative singular)
tarpihisën (illative plural)
tarpihëlla (adessive singular)
tarpihilla (adessive plural)
tarpihëlta (ablative singular)
tarpihilta (ablative plural)
tarpihëlën (allative singular)
tarpihëlëk (allative singular)
tarpihilën (allative plural)
tarpihilëk (allative plural)
tarbissa (essive singular)
tarpihina (essive plural)
tarpihëksi (singular translative)
tarpihiksi (plural translative)
tarpihën (instructive singular)
tarpihin (instructive plural)
tarbissëk (comitative singular)
tarpihinëk (comitative plural)
tarpihëtta (abessive singular)
tarpihitta (abessive plural)

Estonian: tarvis

Finnish: tarvis

Ingrian: tarvis

Karelian: tarvis

Livonian: tärb

Livvi: tarvis

Ludian: tarbiž

Veps: tarbiž

Võro: tarbis

Votic: tarviz


räpäleh

räpäleh (nominative singular)
räpälehet (nominative plural)
räpälehen (accusative singular)
räpälehet (accusative plural)
räpälehen (genitive singular)
räpälehten (genitive plural)
räpälehiden (genitive plural)
räpälehtä (partitive singular)
räpälehidä (partitive plural)
räpälehessä (inessive singular)
räpälehehnä (inessive singular)
räpälehissä (inessive plural)
räpälehihnä (inessive plural)
räpälehestä (elative singular)
räpälehistä (elative plural)
räpälehehen (illative singular)
räpälehihen (illative plural)
räpälehellä (adessive singular)
räpälehillä (adessive plural)
räpäleheltä (ablative singular)
räpälehiltä (ablative plural)
räpälehelen (allative singular)
räpälehelek (allative singular)
räpälehilen (allative plural)
räpälehilek (allative plural)
räpälehenä (essive singular)
räpälehinä (essive plural)
räpäleheksi (singular translative)
räpälehiksi (plural translative)
räpälehen (instructive singular)
räpälehin (instructive plural)
räpälehenek (comitative singular)
räpälehinek (comitative plural)
räpälehettä (abessive singular)
räpälehittä (abessive plural)

Estonian: räbal

Finnish: rääpäle, (dialectal) räpäle

Ingrian: räpäle

Karelian: räpäleh, reäpäleh

Livvi: räbäleh

Võro: räpäl'

Votic: (Jõgõperä) räpälä


nokkë-

Estonian: nõges

Finnish: nokkonen

Võro: nõkõn', nõkõs'

Votic: (Kõrvõttula, Mati) nõkõn, nõkõz


äredä

äredä (nominative singular)
äredät (nominative plural)
äredän (accusative singular)
äredät (accusative plural)
äredän (genitive singular)
äredäden (genitive plural)
äredeiden (genitive plural)
äredätä (partitive singular)
äredeitä (partitive plural)
äredässä (inessive singular)
äredähnä (inessive singular)
äredeissä (inessive plural)
äredeihnä (inessive plural)
äredästä (elative singular)
äredeistä (elative plural)
äredäsen (illative singular)
äredeisen (illative plural)
äredällä (adessive singular)
äredeillä (adessive plural)
äredältä (ablative singular)
äredeiltä (ablative plural)
äredälen (allative singular)
äredälek (allative singular)
äredeilen (allative plural)
äredeilek (allative plural)
äredänä (essive singular)
äredeinä (essive plural)
äredäksi (singular translative)
äredeiksi (plural translative)
äredän (instructive singular)
äredein (instructive plural)
äredänek (comitative singular)
äredeinek (comitative plural)
äredättä (abessive singular)
äredeittä (abessive plural)

⇒ Estonian: ärev, (dialectal) äre

Finnish: äreä

Karelian: ärie

⇒ Livonian: ärī

Livvi: ärei

Veps: äred


takra

takra (nominative singular)
takrat (nominative plural)
takran (accusative singular)
takrat (accusative plural)
takran (genitive singular)
takradën (genitive plural)
takroidën (genitive plural)
takrada (partitive singular)
takroida (partitive plural)
takrassa (inessive singular)
takrahna (inessive singular)
takroissa (inessive plural)
takroihna (inessive plural)
takrasta (elative singular)
takroista (elative plural)
takrahën (illative singular)
takroihën (illative plural)
takralla (adessive singular)
takroilla (adessive plural)
takralta (ablative singular)
takroilta (ablative plural)
takralën (allative singular)
takralëk (allative singular)
takroilën (allative plural)
takroilëk (allative plural)
takrana (essive singular)
takroina (essive plural)
takraksi (singular translative)
takroiksi (plural translative)
takran (instructive singular)
takroin (instructive plural)
takranëk (comitative singular)
takroinëk (comitative plural)
takratta (abessive singular)
takroitta (abessive plural)

Finnish: (dialectal) takra

Ingrian: tagra

Karelian: takra

Ludian: tagr

Veps: tagr

→ Proto-Samic: *tāvrō

Borrowed from Proto-Indo-Iranian *dáHtram (whence Sanskrit दात्र (dātrá)).


viheltädäk

viheltä- (stem)
viheldän (first-person present singular)
viheldein (first-person past singular)
viheltägon (first-person optative singular)
viheldät (present second-person singular)
viheldeit (past second-person singular)
viheldäk (imperative second-person singular)
viheltägos (optative second-person singular)
viheltäpi (present singular third-person)
viheltä (present singular third-person)
viheltei (past singular third-person)
viheltäkähen (imperative singular third-person)
viheltäkohen (optative singular third-person)
viheldäkmek (first-person plural present)
viheldäkmäk (first-person plural present)
vihelteimek (first-person past plural)
vihelteimäk (first-person past plural)
viheltäkädemek (first-person imperative plural)
viheltäkädämäk (first-person imperative plural)
viheltäkodemek (first-person optative plural)
viheltäkodämäk (first-person optative plural)
viheldäktek (plural present second-person)
viheldäktäk (plural present second-person)
vihelteidek (past plural second-person)
vihelteidäk (past plural second-person)
viheltäkäde (imperative plural second-person)
viheltäkädä (imperative plural second-person)
viheltägot'ek (optative plural second-person)
viheltäkodädäk (optative plural second-person)
viheltäbät (plural present third-person)
viheltä (plural present third-person)
viheltei (past plural third-person)
viheltäkähen (imperative plural third-person)
viheltäkohen (optative plural third-person)
viheldäksen (passive present)
viheldät'äksen (passive present)
viheltätihen (passive past)
viheldättihen (passive past)
viheltätägäsen (imperative passive)
viheldättägäsen (imperative passive)
viheltätägosen (optative passive)
viheldättägosen (optative passive)
viheldäk (connegative present)
viheltägäk (connegative imperative)
viheltägok (connegative optative)
viheldäktäk (connegative passive present)
viheltätägäk (connegative imperative passive)
viheldättägäk (connegative imperative passive)
viheltätägok (connegative optative passive)
viheldättägok (connegative optative passive)
viheldäkcin (conditional conditional-i first-person singular)
vihelteicin (conditional conditional-ii first-person singular)
viheltänen (first-person potential singular)
viheldäkcit (conditional conditional-i second-person singular)
vihelteicit (conditional conditional-ii second-person singular)
viheltänet (potential second-person singular)
viheldäkci (conditional conditional-i singular third-person)
vihelteici (conditional conditional-ii singular third-person)
viheltäni (potential singular third-person)
viheldäkcimek (conditional conditional-i first-person plural)
viheldäkcimäk (conditional conditional-i first-person plural)
vihelteicimek (conditional conditional-ii first-person plural)
vihelteicimäk (conditional conditional-ii first-person plural)
viheltänemek (first-person plural potential)
viheltänemäk (first-person plural potential)
viheldäkcidek (conditional conditional-i plural second-person)
viheldäkcidäk (conditional conditional-i plural second-person)
vihelteicidek (conditional conditional-ii plural second-person)
vihelteicidäk (conditional conditional-ii plural second-person)
viheltänedek (plural potential second-person)
viheltänedäk (plural potential second-person)
viheldäkci (conditional conditional-i plural third-person)
vihelteici (conditional conditional-ii plural third-person)
viheltäni (plural potential third-person)
viheltädäkcisen (conditional conditional-i passive)
viheldät'äkcisen (conditional conditional-i passive)
viheltäticisen (conditional conditional-ii passive)
viheldätticisen (conditional conditional-ii passive)
viheltätänesen (passive potential)
viheldättänesen (passive potential)
viheldäkcik (conditional conditional-i connegative)
vihelteicik (conditional conditional-ii connegative)
viheltänek (connegative potential)
viheltädäkcik (conditional conditional-i connegative passive)
viheldät'äkcik (conditional conditional-i connegative passive)
viheltäticik (conditional conditional-ii connegative passive)
viheldätticik (conditional conditional-ii connegative passive)
viheltätänek (connegative passive potential)
viheldättänek (connegative passive potential)
viheltädäk (conditional conditional-i infinitive infinitive-i)
viheltäpä (active participle present)
viheltätäbä (participle passive present)
viheldättäbä (participle passive present)
viheltäte- (conditional conditional-i infinitive infinitive-ii)
viheltänüt (active participle past)
viheltätü (participle passive past)
viheldättü (participle passive past)
viheltämä (conditional conditional-i gerund supine)
viheltäminen (conditional conditional-i noun-from-verb)

Finnish: viheltää

Ingrian: viheltää

Karelian: viheltyä

Livvi: viheldiä

Ludian: vihelta, viheltä, vihelttä

Veps: vihelta

From an onomatopoeic root *vih-, compare *vihma.


vaskicca

vaskicca (nominative singular)
vaskic'at (nominative plural)
vaskic'an (accusative singular)
vaskic'at (accusative plural)
vaskic'an (genitive singular)
vaskiccadën (genitive plural)
vaskiccoidën (genitive plural)
vaskiccata (partitive singular)
vaskiccoita (partitive plural)
vaskic'assa (inessive singular)
vaskic'ahna (inessive singular)
vaskic'oissa (inessive plural)
vaskic'oihna (inessive plural)
vaskic'asta (elative singular)
vaskic'oista (elative plural)
vaskiccasën (illative singular)
vaskiccoisën (illative plural)
vaskic'alla (adessive singular)
vaskic'oilla (adessive plural)
vaskic'alta (ablative singular)
vaskic'oilta (ablative plural)
vaskiccalën (allative singular)
vaskiccalëk (allative singular)
vaskiccoilën (allative plural)
vaskiccoilëk (allative plural)
vaskiccana (essive singular)
vaskiccoina (essive plural)
vaskic'aksi (singular translative)
vaskic'oiksi (plural translative)
vaskic'an (instructive singular)
vaskic'oin (instructive plural)
vaskiccanëk (comitative singular)
vaskiccoinëk (comitative plural)
vaskic'atta (abessive singular)
vaskic'oitta (abessive plural)

Finnish: vaskitsa

Karelian: vaskičča

Livvi: vaskičču

Ludian: vaskič

Veps: vaskič

(Northern Finnic) slowworm (Anguis fragilis)


hoopa

Finnic (Northern)
hoopa (nominative singular)
hoobat (nominative plural)
hooban (accusative singular)
hoobat (accusative plural)
hooban (genitive singular)
hoopadën (genitive plural)
hoopëidën (genitive plural)
hoopada (partitive singular)
hoopëida (partitive plural)
hoobassa (inessive singular)
hoobahna (inessive singular)
hoobëissa (inessive plural)
hoobëihna (inessive plural)
hoobasta (elative singular)
hoobëista (elative plural)
hoopahën (illative singular)
hoopëihën (illative plural)
hooballa (adessive singular)
hoobëilla (adessive plural)
hoobalta (ablative singular)
hoobëilta (ablative plural)
hoopalën (allative singular)
hoopalëk (allative singular)
hoopëilën (allative plural)
hoopëilëk (allative plural)
hoopana (essive singular)
hoopëina (essive plural)
hoobaksi (singular translative)
hoobëiksi (plural translative)
hooban (instructive singular)
hoobëin (instructive plural)
hoopanëk (comitative singular)
hoopëinëk (comitative plural)
hoobatta (abessive singular)
hoobëitta (abessive plural)

Finnish: huopa

Ingrian: hoopa

Livvi: huobu

Veps: hob

Borrowed from Proto-Norse *ᚦᛟᛒᛟ (þōbō), from Proto-Germanic *þōbô (whence Old Norse þófi (“felt”)).

felt (cloth made of matted fibres of wool)


jukta

jukta (nominative singular)
juktat (nominative plural)
juktan (accusative singular)
juktat (accusative plural)
juktan (genitive singular)
juktadën (genitive plural)
juktëidën (genitive plural)
juktada (partitive singular)
juktëida (partitive plural)
juktassa (inessive singular)
juktahna (inessive singular)
juktëissa (inessive plural)
juktëihna (inessive plural)
juktasta (elative singular)
juktëista (elative plural)
juktahën (illative singular)
juktëihën (illative plural)
juktalla (adessive singular)
juktëilla (adessive plural)
juktalta (ablative singular)
juktëilta (ablative plural)
juktalën (allative singular)
juktalëk (allative singular)
juktëilën (allative plural)
juktëilëk (allative plural)
juktana (essive singular)
juktëina (essive plural)
juktaksi (singular translative)
juktëiksi (plural translative)
juktan (instructive singular)
juktëin (instructive plural)
juktanëk (comitative singular)
juktëinëk (comitative plural)
juktatta (abessive singular)
juktëitta (abessive plural)

Finnish: juhta

Most likely borrowed from Proto-Baltic [Term?] (whence Latvian jūgt, Lithuanian jungti). Alternatively, and less likely, borrowed from Proto-Indo-Iranian *yuktás (whence Sanskrit युक्त (yukta)).


purdëh

purdëh (nominative singular)
purtëhët (nominative plural)
purtëhën (accusative singular)
purtëhët (accusative plural)
purtëhën (genitive singular)
purdëhtën (genitive plural)
purtëhidën (genitive plural)
purdëhta (partitive singular)
purtëhita (partitive plural)
purtëhëssa (inessive singular)
purtëhëhna (inessive singular)
purtëhissa (inessive plural)
purtëhihna (inessive plural)
purtëhësta (elative singular)
purtëhista (elative plural)
purtëhësën (illative singular)
purtëhisën (illative plural)
purtëhëlla (adessive singular)
purtëhilla (adessive plural)
purtëhëlta (ablative singular)
purtëhilta (ablative plural)
purtëhëlën (allative singular)
purtëhëlëk (allative singular)
purtëhilën (allative plural)
purtëhilëk (allative plural)
purtëhëna (essive singular)
purtëhina (essive plural)
purtëhëksi (singular translative)
purtëhiksi (plural translative)
purtëhën (instructive singular)
purtëhin (instructive plural)
purtëhënëk (comitative singular)
purtëhinëk (comitative plural)
purtëhëtta (abessive singular)
purtëhitta (abessive plural)

Estonian: purre

Livonian: pūrdaz

Võro: purrõq

Borrowed from Proto-Germanic *burdą and derived with + *-ëh. Doublet of *pordas, *purci.


nepsä

nepsä (nominative singular)
nepsät (nominative plural)
nepsän (accusative singular)
nepsät (accusative plural)
nepsän (genitive singular)
nepsäden (genitive plural)
nepseiden (genitive plural)
nepsädä (partitive singular)
nepseidä (partitive plural)
nepsässä (inessive singular)
nepsähnä (inessive singular)
nepseissä (inessive plural)
nepseihnä (inessive plural)
nepsästä (elative singular)
nepseistä (elative plural)
nepsähen (illative singular)
nepseihen (illative plural)
nepsällä (adessive singular)
nepseillä (adessive plural)
nepsältä (ablative singular)
nepseiltä (ablative plural)
nepsälen (allative singular)
nepsälek (allative singular)
nepseilen (allative plural)
nepseilek (allative plural)
nepsänä (essive singular)
nepseinä (essive plural)
nepsäksi (singular translative)
nepseiksi (plural translative)
nepsän (instructive singular)
nepsein (instructive plural)
nepsänek (comitative singular)
nepseinek (comitative plural)
nepsättä (abessive singular)
nepseittä (abessive plural)

Finnish: nepsä (dialectal)

⇒ Finnish: nestää (dialectal)

⇒ Finnish: neste

Karelian: nepsä, nepsa

Livvi: nepsy

Veps: neps

⇒ Votic: nepsiä

Estonian: (dialectal) nepse

Võro: nesse, nesseq


angër-

Estonian: anger- (in compound: angervaks)

Finnish: angervo

Karelian:

North Karelian: ankervo

South Karelian: angervo

Livonian: āngastõm- (in compound: āngastõmāin)

Võro: angõr- (in compounds: angõrhain, angõrpist')

Unknown. Possibly borrowed from Proto-Baltic [Term?] (whence Lithuanian vingiorykštė, vangarykštė). Another theory (by EVE) posits a borrowing from a hypothetical Proto-Norse [script needed] (*angan-wahstuʀ).


näärä

näärä (nominative singular)
näärät (nominative plural)
näärän (accusative singular)
näärät (accusative plural)
näärän (genitive singular)
nääräden (genitive plural)
nääreiden (genitive plural)
näärädä (partitive singular)
nääreidä (partitive plural)
näärässä (inessive singular)
näärähnä (inessive singular)
nääreissä (inessive plural)
nääreihnä (inessive plural)
näärästä (elative singular)
nääreistä (elative plural)
näärähen (illative singular)
nääreihen (illative plural)
näärällä (adessive singular)
nääreillä (adessive plural)
näärältä (ablative singular)
nääreiltä (ablative plural)
näärälen (allative singular)
näärälek (allative singular)
nääreilen (allative plural)
nääreilek (allative plural)
nääränä (essive singular)
nääreinä (essive plural)
nääräksi (singular translative)
nääreiksi (plural translative)
näärän (instructive singular)
näärein (instructive plural)
nääränek (comitative singular)
nääreinek (comitative plural)
näärättä (abessive singular)
nääreittä (abessive plural)

Finnish: (obsolete) näärä

⇒ Finnish: näärännäppy

Livonian: nǟr

Votic: (Jõgõperä) nääre

Estonian: nääre

Võro: nääreq

Related to Proto-Samic *nārēńčë, *nārānë(s), further origin unknown.


käskü

käskü (nominative singular)
käsküt (nominative plural)
käskün (accusative singular)
käsküt (accusative plural)
käskün (genitive singular)
käsküden (genitive plural)
käsküiden (genitive plural)
käsküdä (partitive singular)
käsküidä (partitive plural)
käsküssä (inessive singular)
käskühnä (inessive singular)
käsküissä (inessive plural)
käsküihnä (inessive plural)
käsküstä (elative singular)
käsküistä (elative plural)
käskühen (illative singular)
käsküihen (illative plural)
käsküllä (adessive singular)
käsküillä (adessive plural)
käskültä (ablative singular)
käsküiltä (ablative plural)
käskülen (allative singular)
käskülek (allative singular)
käsküilen (allative plural)
käsküilek (allative plural)
käskünä (essive singular)
käsküinä (essive plural)
käsküksi (singular translative)
käsküiksi (plural translative)
käskün (instructive singular)
käsküin (instructive plural)
käskünek (comitative singular)
käsküinek (comitative plural)
käsküttä (abessive singular)
käsküittä (abessive plural)

Finnish: käsky

→ Inari Sami: keäsku

→ Northern Sami: geasku

Ingrian: käsky

Karelian: käsky

Livonian: käsk

Livvi: käsky

Võro: käsk

Votic: tšähsü

Estonian: käsk

Ludian: käsk

Veps: käsk


hihtädäk

hihtä- (stem)
hihtän (first-person present singular)
hihtein (first-person past singular)
hihtägon (first-person optative singular)
hihtät (present second-person singular)
hihteit (past second-person singular)
hihtäk (imperative second-person singular)
hihtägos (optative second-person singular)
hihtäbi (present singular third-person)
hihtä (present singular third-person)
hihtei (past singular third-person)
hihtägäsen (imperative singular third-person)
hihtägosen (optative singular third-person)
hihtäkmek (first-person plural present)
hihtäkmäk (first-person plural present)
hihteimek (first-person past plural)
hihteimäk (first-person past plural)
hihtägätemek (first-person imperative plural)
hihtägätämäk (first-person imperative plural)
hihtägotemek (first-person optative plural)
hihtägotämäk (first-person optative plural)
hihtäktek (plural present second-person)
hihtäktäk (plural present second-person)
hihteidek (past plural second-person)
hihteidäk (past plural second-person)
hihtägäte (imperative plural second-person)
hihtägätä (imperative plural second-person)
hihtägot'ek (optative plural second-person)
hihtägotädäk (optative plural second-person)
hihtäbät (plural present third-person)
hihtä (plural present third-person)
hihtei (past plural third-person)
hihtägäsen (imperative plural third-person)
hihtägosen (optative plural third-person)
hihtäksen (passive present)
hihtät'äksen (passive present)
hihtädisen (passive past)
hihtättisen (passive past)
hihtädäkähen (imperative passive)
hihtättäkähen (imperative passive)
hihtädäkohen (optative passive)
hihtättäkohen (optative passive)
hihtäk (connegative present)
hihtägäk (connegative imperative)
hihtägok (connegative optative)
hihtäktäk (connegative passive present)
hihtädägäk (connegative imperative passive)
hihtättägäk (connegative imperative passive)
hihtädägok (connegative optative passive)
hihtättägok (connegative optative passive)
hihtäkcin (conditional conditional-i first-person singular)
hihteicin (conditional conditional-ii first-person singular)
hihtänen (first-person potential singular)
hihtäkcit (conditional conditional-i second-person singular)
hihteicit (conditional conditional-ii second-person singular)
hihtänet (potential second-person singular)
hihtäkci (conditional conditional-i singular third-person)
hihteici (conditional conditional-ii singular third-person)
hihtäni (potential singular third-person)
hihtäkcimek (conditional conditional-i first-person plural)
hihtäkcimäk (conditional conditional-i first-person plural)
hihteicimek (conditional conditional-ii first-person plural)
hihteicimäk (conditional conditional-ii first-person plural)
hihtänemek (first-person plural potential)
hihtänemäk (first-person plural potential)
hihtäkcidek (conditional conditional-i plural second-person)
hihtäkcidäk (conditional conditional-i plural second-person)
hihteicidek (conditional conditional-ii plural second-person)
hihteicidäk (conditional conditional-ii plural second-person)
hihtänedek (plural potential second-person)
hihtänedäk (plural potential second-person)
hihtäkci (conditional conditional-i plural third-person)
hihteici (conditional conditional-ii plural third-person)
hihtäni (plural potential third-person)
hihtädäkcihen (conditional conditional-i passive)
hihtät'äkcihen (conditional conditional-i passive)
hihtädicihen (conditional conditional-ii passive)
hihtätticihen (conditional conditional-ii passive)
hihtädänehen (passive potential)
hihtättänehen (passive potential)
hihtäkcik (conditional conditional-i connegative)
hihteicik (conditional conditional-ii connegative)
hihtänek (connegative potential)
hihtädäkcik (conditional conditional-i connegative passive)
hihtät'äkcik (conditional conditional-i connegative passive)
hihtädicik (conditional conditional-ii connegative passive)
hihtätticik (conditional conditional-ii connegative passive)
hihtädänek (connegative passive potential)
hihtättänek (connegative passive potential)
hihtädäk (conditional conditional-i infinitive infinitive-i)
hihtäbä (active participle present)
hihtädäpä (participle passive present)
hihtättäpä (participle passive present)
hihtäde- (conditional conditional-i infinitive infinitive-ii)
hihtänüt (active participle past)
hihtädü (participle passive past)
hihtättü (participle passive past)
hihtämä (conditional conditional-i gerund supine)
hihtäminen (conditional conditional-i noun-from-verb)

Finnish: hiihtää, (dialectal) hihtää

→ Northern Sami: hihttát

Karelian: hiihteä

Livvi: hiihtiä

Ludian: hiihtädä

Veps: hihtta

Finnish: (dialectal) hiihtaa, hihtaa

Karelian: hiihtoa

Ludian: hiihtada


kühkü

kühkü (nominative singular)
kühküt (nominative plural)
kühkün (accusative singular)
kühküt (accusative plural)
kühkün (genitive singular)
kühküden (genitive plural)
kühküiden (genitive plural)
kühküdä (partitive singular)
kühküidä (partitive plural)
kühküssä (inessive singular)
kühkühnä (inessive singular)
kühküissä (inessive plural)
kühküihnä (inessive plural)
kühküstä (elative singular)
kühküistä (elative plural)
kühkühen (illative singular)
kühküihen (illative plural)
kühküllä (adessive singular)
kühküillä (adessive plural)
kühkültä (ablative singular)
kühküiltä (ablative plural)
kühkülen (allative singular)
kühkülek (allative singular)
kühküilen (allative plural)
kühküilek (allative plural)
kühkünä (essive singular)
kühküinä (essive plural)
kühküksi (singular translative)
kühküiksi (plural translative)
kühkün (instructive singular)
kühküin (instructive plural)
kühkünek (comitative singular)
kühküinek (comitative plural)
kühküttä (abessive singular)
kühküittä (abessive plural)

Finnish: kyyhky, (dialectal) kyhky

Karelian: kyyhky

desc

Finnish: kyyhkynen, (dialectal) kyhkynen

Karelian: kyyhkyine

Finnish: kyyhkyläinen, (dialectal) kyhkyläinen

→? Estonian: (dialectal) kühkilane, kühklane

Ingrian: kyyhkyläin

Votic: tšüühküläine

Karelian: kyyhköi

Livvi: kyyhköi

Ludian: küühköi, küuhköi

Veps: kühkjeine, kühkheine

pigeon, dove (bird of the family Columbidae)


torjudak

torju- (stem)
torjun (first-person present singular)
torjuin (first-person past singular)
torjugon (first-person optative singular)
torjut (present second-person singular)
torjuit (past second-person singular)
torjuk (imperative second-person singular)
torjugos (optative second-person singular)
torjubi (present singular third-person)
torju (present singular third-person)
torjui (past singular third-person)
torjugasën (imperative singular third-person)
torjugosën (optative singular third-person)
torjukmëk (first-person plural present)
torjukmak (first-person plural present)
torjuimëk (first-person past plural)
torjuimak (first-person past plural)
torjugatëmëk (first-person imperative plural)
torjugatamak (first-person imperative plural)
torjugotëmëk (first-person optative plural)
torjugotamak (first-person optative plural)
torjuktëk (plural present second-person)
torjuktak (plural present second-person)
torjuidëk (past plural second-person)
torjuidak (past plural second-person)
torjugatë (imperative plural second-person)
torjugata (imperative plural second-person)
torjugot'ëk (optative plural second-person)
torjugotadak (optative plural second-person)
torjubat (plural present third-person)
torju (plural present third-person)
torjui (past plural third-person)
torjugasën (imperative plural third-person)
torjugosën (optative plural third-person)
torjuksën (passive present)
torjut'aksën (passive present)
torjudisën (passive past)
torjuttisën (passive past)
torjudakahën (imperative passive)
torjuttakahën (imperative passive)
torjudakohën (optative passive)
torjuttakohën (optative passive)
torjuk (connegative present)
torjugak (connegative imperative)
torjugok (connegative optative)
torjuktak (connegative passive present)
torjudagak (connegative imperative passive)
torjuttagak (connegative imperative passive)
torjudagok (connegative optative passive)
torjuttagok (connegative optative passive)
torjukcin (conditional conditional-i first-person singular)
torjuicin (conditional conditional-ii first-person singular)
torjunën (first-person potential singular)
torjukcit (conditional conditional-i second-person singular)
torjuicit (conditional conditional-ii second-person singular)
torjunët (potential second-person singular)
torjukci (conditional conditional-i singular third-person)
torjuici (conditional conditional-ii singular third-person)
torjuni (potential singular third-person)
torjukcimëk (conditional conditional-i first-person plural)
torjukcimak (conditional conditional-i first-person plural)
torjuicimëk (conditional conditional-ii first-person plural)
torjuicimak (conditional conditional-ii first-person plural)
torjunëmëk (first-person plural potential)
torjunëmak (first-person plural potential)
torjukcidëk (conditional conditional-i plural second-person)
torjukcidak (conditional conditional-i plural second-person)
torjuicidëk (conditional conditional-ii plural second-person)
torjuicidak (conditional conditional-ii plural second-person)
torjunëdëk (plural potential second-person)
torjunëdak (plural potential second-person)
torjukci (conditional conditional-i plural third-person)
torjuici (conditional conditional-ii plural third-person)
torjuni (plural potential third-person)
torjudakcihën (conditional conditional-i passive)
torjut'akcihën (conditional conditional-i passive)
torjudicihën (conditional conditional-ii passive)
torjutticihën (conditional conditional-ii passive)
torjudanëhën (passive potential)
torjuttanëhën (passive potential)
torjukcik (conditional conditional-i connegative)
torjuicik (conditional conditional-ii connegative)
torjunëk (connegative potential)
torjudakcik (conditional conditional-i connegative passive)
torjut'akcik (conditional conditional-i connegative passive)
torjudicik (conditional conditional-ii connegative passive)
torjutticik (conditional conditional-ii connegative passive)
torjudanëk (connegative passive potential)
torjuttanëk (connegative passive potential)
torjudak (conditional conditional-i infinitive infinitive-i)
torjuba (active participle present)
torjudapa (participle passive present)
torjuttapa (participle passive present)
torjudë- (conditional conditional-i infinitive infinitive-ii)
torjunut (active participle past)
torjudu (participle passive past)
torjuttu (participle passive past)
torjuma (conditional conditional-i gerund supine)
torjuminen (conditional conditional-i noun-from-verb)

Estonian: tõrjuma/tõrjuda

Finnish: torjua

Unclear. Possibly a cognate with Proto-Samic *toarjōtēk.


roiska

roiska (nominative singular)
roiskat (nominative plural)
roiskan (accusative singular)
roiskat (accusative plural)
roiskan (genitive singular)
roiskadën (genitive plural)
roiskëidën (genitive plural)
roiskada (partitive singular)
roiskëida (partitive plural)
roiskassa (inessive singular)
roiskahna (inessive singular)
roiskëissa (inessive plural)
roiskëihna (inessive plural)
roiskasta (elative singular)
roiskëista (elative plural)
roiskahën (illative singular)
roiskëihën (illative plural)
roiskalla (adessive singular)
roiskëilla (adessive plural)
roiskalta (ablative singular)
roiskëilta (ablative plural)
roiskalën (allative singular)
roiskalëk (allative singular)
roiskëilën (allative plural)
roiskëilëk (allative plural)
roiskana (essive singular)
roiskëina (essive plural)
roiskaksi (singular translative)
roiskëiksi (plural translative)
roiskan (instructive singular)
roiskëin (instructive plural)
roiskanëk (comitative singular)
roiskëinëk (comitative plural)
roiskatta (abessive singular)
roiskëitta (abessive plural)

Finnish: (dialectal) roiska

⇒ Karelian: roiskata ("to hit, to slap")

Livonian: rūoiska


ammu-

Estonian: ammu

Ingrian: aamuin

Karelian:

North Karelian: ammuin

South Karelian: ammuin

Livonian: amūst

Livvi: ammui

Ludian: amu

Veps: amu

Võro: ammuq

Votic: ammu- (in compound: ammuaika)

Finnish: ammoin

Karelian: ammoin

From earlier *ammi, from Proto-Uralic *amme (“old”). Cognate with Hungarian ó.


-tta-

Estonian: -ta- (antakse)

Finnish: -ta- (annetaan)

Ingrian: -ta- (annetaa)

From the causative suffix *-ttadak. The suffix with a short *t instead of geminate *tt is later analogy from the first infinitive ending (*-dak, *-t'ak) on which the passive ending *-hen was directly affixed, and also in part from regular simplification of consonant clusters.


ammëh

ammëh (nominative singular)
ammëhët (nominative plural)
ammëhën (accusative singular)
ammëhët (accusative plural)
ammëhën (genitive singular)
ammëhtën (genitive plural)
ammëhidën (genitive plural)
ammëhta (partitive singular)
ammëhita (partitive plural)
ammëhëssa (inessive singular)
ammëhëhna (inessive singular)
ammëhissa (inessive plural)
ammëhihna (inessive plural)
ammëhësta (elative singular)
ammëhista (elative plural)
ammëhësën (illative singular)
ammëhisën (illative plural)
ammëhëlla (adessive singular)
ammëhilla (adessive plural)
ammëhëlta (ablative singular)
ammëhilta (ablative plural)
ammëhëlën (allative singular)
ammëhëlëk (allative singular)
ammëhilën (allative plural)
ammëhilëk (allative plural)
ammëhëna (essive singular)
ammëhina (essive plural)
ammëhëksi (singular translative)
ammëhiksi (plural translative)
ammëhën (instructive singular)
ammëhin (instructive plural)
ammëhënëk (comitative singular)
ammëhinëk (comitative plural)
ammëhëtta (abessive singular)
ammëhitta (abessive plural)

Finnish: amme

→ Inari Sami: aammah

→ Northern Sami: ammaš

Karelian:

North Karelian: ammeh

Finnish: (dialectal) ammi

Ingrian: ammi

Estonian: anum

Võro: annom'


hutra

hutra (nominative singular)
hutrat (nominative plural)
hutran (accusative singular)
hutrat (accusative plural)
hutran (genitive singular)
hutradën (genitive plural)
hutrëidën (genitive plural)
hutrada (partitive singular)
hutrëida (partitive plural)
hutrassa (inessive singular)
hutrahna (inessive singular)
hutrëissa (inessive plural)
hutrëihna (inessive plural)
hutrasta (elative singular)
hutrëista (elative plural)
hutrahën (illative singular)
hutrëihën (illative plural)
hutralla (adessive singular)
hutrëilla (adessive plural)
hutralta (ablative singular)
hutrëilta (ablative plural)
hutralën (allative singular)
hutralëk (allative singular)
hutrëilën (allative plural)
hutrëilëk (allative plural)
hutrana (essive singular)
hutrëina (essive plural)
hutraksi (singular translative)
hutrëiksi (plural translative)
hutran (instructive singular)
hutrëin (instructive plural)
hutranëk (comitative singular)
hutrëinëk (comitative plural)
hutratta (abessive singular)
hutrëitta (abessive plural)

Finnish: (rare) hutra, >? hutera

Karelian:

North Karelian: hutra

South Karelian: hudra

Livvi: hudru

Ludian: hudr

Veps: hudr

Võro: hõtr, hõdras, hõdõr, hõdyr'


eineh

eineh (nominative singular)
einehet (nominative plural)
einehen (accusative singular)
einehet (accusative plural)
einehen (genitive singular)
einehten (genitive plural)
einehiden (genitive plural)
einehtä (partitive singular)
einehitä (partitive plural)
einehessä (inessive singular)
einehehnä (inessive singular)
einehissä (inessive plural)
einehihnä (inessive plural)
einehestä (elative singular)
einehistä (elative plural)
einehesen (illative singular)
einehisen (illative plural)
einehellä (adessive singular)
einehillä (adessive plural)
eineheltä (ablative singular)
einehiltä (ablative plural)
einehelen (allative singular)
einehelek (allative singular)
einehilen (allative plural)
einehilek (allative plural)
einehenä (essive singular)
einehinä (essive plural)
eineheksi (singular translative)
einehiksi (plural translative)
einehen (instructive singular)
einehin (instructive plural)
einehenek (comitative singular)
einehinek (comitative plural)
einehettä (abessive singular)
einehittä (abessive plural)

Estonian: eine

Finnish: eine

Ingrian: eine

Karelian: eineh, einneh

Livvi: eineh

Votic: (Kattila) eine

Probably borrowed from Proto-Norse *ᚨᚠᚾᛁᛃᚨ (*afnija) (whence Old Norse efni).


ciika

ciika (nominative singular)
ciigat (nominative plural)
ciigan (accusative singular)
ciigat (accusative plural)
ciigan (genitive singular)
ciikadën (genitive plural)
ciikoidën (genitive plural)
ciikada (partitive singular)
ciikoida (partitive plural)
ciigassa (inessive singular)
ciigahna (inessive singular)
ciigoissa (inessive plural)
ciigoihna (inessive plural)
ciigasta (elative singular)
ciigoista (elative plural)
ciikahën (illative singular)
ciikoihën (illative plural)
ciigalla (adessive singular)
ciigoilla (adessive plural)
ciigalta (ablative singular)
ciigoilta (ablative plural)
ciikalën (allative singular)
ciikalëk (allative singular)
ciikoilën (allative plural)
ciikoilëk (allative plural)
ciikana (essive singular)
ciikoina (essive plural)
ciigaksi (singular translative)
ciigoiksi (plural translative)
ciigan (instructive singular)
ciigoin (instructive plural)
ciikanëk (comitative singular)
ciikoinëk (comitative plural)
ciigatta (abessive singular)
ciigoitta (abessive plural)

Karelian: siika

Finnish: (dialectal) siikanen

Karelian: siikaine

From earlier *tiika, borrowed from Proto-Baltic *dīgas (whence dialectal Latvian dīgs and Lithuanian dygas (“thorn”)).


padëh

padëh (nominative singular)
patëhët (nominative plural)
patëhën (accusative singular)
patëhët (accusative plural)
patëhën (genitive singular)
padëhtën (genitive plural)
patëhidën (genitive plural)
padëhta (partitive singular)
patëhita (partitive plural)
patëhëssa (inessive singular)
patëhëhna (inessive singular)
patëhissa (inessive plural)
patëhihna (inessive plural)
patëhësta (elative singular)
patëhista (elative plural)
patëhësën (illative singular)
patëhisën (illative plural)
patëhëlla (adessive singular)
patëhilla (adessive plural)
patëhëlta (ablative singular)
patëhilta (ablative plural)
patëhëlën (allative singular)
patëhëlëk (allative singular)
patëhilën (allative plural)
patëhilëk (allative plural)
patëhëna (essive singular)
patëhina (essive plural)
patëhëksi (singular translative)
patëhiksi (plural translative)
patëhën (instructive singular)
patëhin (instructive plural)
patëhënëk (comitative singular)
patëhinëk (comitative plural)
patëhëtta (abessive singular)
patëhitta (abessive plural)

Finnish: (dialectal) pade

⇒ Finnish: patikka

Karelian: *pajeh

⇒ Karelian: pajehta, patehin

From earlier *pateš, borrowed from Proto-Germanic *paþaz.


soota

soota (nominative singular)
soodat (nominative plural)
soodan (accusative singular)
soodat (accusative plural)
soodan (genitive singular)
sootadën (genitive plural)
sootëidën (genitive plural)
sootada (partitive singular)
sootëida (partitive plural)
soodassa (inessive singular)
soodahna (inessive singular)
soodëissa (inessive plural)
soodëihna (inessive plural)
soodasta (elative singular)
soodëista (elative plural)
sootahën (illative singular)
sootëihën (illative plural)
soodalla (adessive singular)
soodëilla (adessive plural)
soodalta (ablative singular)
soodëilta (ablative plural)
sootalën (allative singular)
sootalëk (allative singular)
sootëilën (allative plural)
sootëilëk (allative plural)
sootana (essive singular)
sootëina (essive plural)
soodaksi (singular translative)
soodëiksi (plural translative)
soodan (instructive singular)
soodëin (instructive plural)
sootanëk (comitative singular)
sootëinëk (comitative plural)
soodatta (abessive singular)
soodëitta (abessive plural)

Finnish: (dialectal) suota

→ Karelian: suovillah, suovilleh

(Northern Finnic) heat, oestrus (in horses)


purci

purci (nominative singular)
purdët (nominative plural)
purdën (accusative singular)
purdët (accusative plural)
purdën (genitive singular)
purtëdën (genitive plural)
purcidën (genitive plural)
purtëda (partitive singular)
purcida (partitive plural)
purdëssa (inessive singular)
purdëhna (inessive singular)
purcissa (inessive plural)
purcihna (inessive plural)
purdësta (elative singular)
purcista (elative plural)
purtëhën (illative singular)
purcihën (illative plural)
purdëlla (adessive singular)
purcilla (adessive plural)
purdëlta (ablative singular)
purcilta (ablative plural)
purtëlën (allative singular)
purtëlëk (allative singular)
purcilën (allative plural)
purcilëk (allative plural)
purtëna (essive singular)
purcina (essive plural)
purdëksi (singular translative)
purciksi (plural translative)
purdën (instructive singular)
purcin (instructive plural)
purtënëk (comitative singular)
purcinëk (comitative plural)
purdëtta (abessive singular)
purcitta (abessive plural)

Finnish: pursi

Karelian: pursi

From earlier *purti, borrowed from Proto-Germanic *burdą (whence Old Norse borð (“side of a ship”)). Doublet of *pordas, *purdëh.


kurna

kurna (nominative singular)
kurnat (nominative plural)
kurnan (accusative singular)
kurnat (accusative plural)
kurnan (genitive singular)
kurnadën (genitive plural)
kurnëidën (genitive plural)
kurnada (partitive singular)
kurnëida (partitive plural)
kurnassa (inessive singular)
kurnahna (inessive singular)
kurnëissa (inessive plural)
kurnëihna (inessive plural)
kurnasta (elative singular)
kurnëista (elative plural)
kurnahën (illative singular)
kurnëihën (illative plural)
kurnalla (adessive singular)
kurnëilla (adessive plural)
kurnalta (ablative singular)
kurnëilta (ablative plural)
kurnalën (allative singular)
kurnalëk (allative singular)
kurnëilën (allative plural)
kurnëilëk (allative plural)
kurnana (essive singular)
kurnëina (essive plural)
kurnaksi (singular translative)
kurnëiksi (plural translative)
kurnan (instructive singular)
kurnëin (instructive plural)
kurnanëk (comitative singular)
kurnëinëk (comitative plural)
kurnatta (abessive singular)
kurnëitta (abessive plural)

Estonian: kurn

Finnish: kuurna, (dialectal) kurna

Karelian: kuurna, kuura

Livonian: kūrna

Livvi: kuuru

Veps: kurn

Võro: kurn

⇒ Votic: kurnõtõ

From Proto-Finno-Ugric *kurńa. Cognate with dialectal Hungarian horny, horony


ciivot'ak

ciivoda- (stem)
ciivodan (first-person present singular)
ciivocin (first-person past singular)
ciivotkon (first-person optative singular)
ciivodat (present second-person singular)
ciivocit (past second-person singular)
ciivodak (imperative second-person singular)
ciivotkos (optative second-person singular)
ciivodapi (present singular third-person)
ciivot (present singular third-person)
ciivoci (past singular third-person)
ciivotkasën (imperative singular third-person)
ciivotkosën (optative singular third-person)
ciivodakmëk (first-person plural present)
ciivodakmak (first-person plural present)
ciivocimëk (first-person past plural)
ciivocimak (first-person past plural)
ciivotkatëmëk (first-person imperative plural)
ciivotkatamak (first-person imperative plural)
ciivotkotëmëk (first-person optative plural)
ciivotkotamak (first-person optative plural)
ciivodaktëk (plural present second-person)
ciivodaktak (plural present second-person)
ciivocidëk (past plural second-person)
ciivocidak (past plural second-person)
ciivotkatë (imperative plural second-person)
ciivotkata (imperative plural second-person)
ciivotkot'ëk (optative plural second-person)
ciivotkotadak (optative plural second-person)
ciivodabat (plural present third-person)
ciivot (plural present third-person)
ciivoci (past plural third-person)
ciivotkasën (imperative plural third-person)
ciivotkosën (optative plural third-person)
ciivodaksën (passive present)
ciivodat'aksën (passive present)
ciivottisën (passive past)
ciivodattihën (passive past)
ciivottakahën (imperative passive)
ciivodattagasën (imperative passive)
ciivottakohën (optative passive)
ciivodattagosën (optative passive)
ciivodak (connegative present)
ciivotkak (connegative imperative)
ciivotkok (connegative optative)
ciivodaktak (connegative passive present)
ciivottagak (connegative imperative passive)
ciivodattagak (connegative imperative passive)
ciivottagok (connegative optative passive)
ciivodattagok (connegative optative passive)
ciivodakcin (conditional conditional-i first-person singular)
ciivocicin (conditional conditional-ii first-person singular)
ciivonnën (first-person potential singular)
ciivodakcit (conditional conditional-i second-person singular)
ciivocicit (conditional conditional-ii second-person singular)
ciivonnët (potential second-person singular)
ciivodakci (conditional conditional-i singular third-person)
ciivocici (conditional conditional-ii singular third-person)
ciivonni (potential singular third-person)
ciivodakcimëk (conditional conditional-i first-person plural)
ciivodakcimak (conditional conditional-i first-person plural)
ciivocicimëk (conditional conditional-ii first-person plural)
ciivocicimak (conditional conditional-ii first-person plural)
ciivonnëmëk (first-person plural potential)
ciivonnëmak (first-person plural potential)
ciivodakcidëk (conditional conditional-i plural second-person)
ciivodakcidak (conditional conditional-i plural second-person)
ciivocicidëk (conditional conditional-ii plural second-person)
ciivocicidak (conditional conditional-ii plural second-person)
ciivonnëdëk (plural potential second-person)
ciivonnëdak (plural potential second-person)
ciivodakci (conditional conditional-i plural third-person)
ciivocici (conditional conditional-ii plural third-person)
ciivonni (plural potential third-person)
ciivot'akcihën (conditional conditional-i passive)
ciivodat'akcisën (conditional conditional-i passive)
ciivotticihën (conditional conditional-ii passive)
ciivodatticisën (conditional conditional-ii passive)
ciivottanëhën (passive potential)
ciivodattanësën (passive potential)
ciivodakcik (conditional conditional-i connegative)
ciivocicik (conditional conditional-ii connegative)
ciivonnëk (connegative potential)
ciivot'akcik (conditional conditional-i connegative passive)
ciivodat'akcik (conditional conditional-i connegative passive)
ciivotticik (conditional conditional-ii connegative passive)
ciivodatticik (conditional conditional-ii connegative passive)
ciivottanëk (connegative passive potential)
ciivodattanëk (connegative passive potential)
ciivot'ak (conditional conditional-i infinitive infinitive-i)
ciivodapa (active participle present)
ciivottapa (participle passive present)
ciivodattaba (participle passive present)
ciivottë- (conditional conditional-i infinitive infinitive-ii)
ciivonnut (active participle past)
ciivottu (participle passive past)
ciivodattu (participle passive past)
ciivodama (conditional conditional-i gerund supine)
ciivodaminen (conditional conditional-i noun-from-verb)

Finnish: siivota

Ingrian: siivota

→ Votic: siivotõ

Karelian: siivota

Votic: (Jõgõperä) siivoa

From earlier *tijwo- (*tijwa-w-) with + *-t'ak, cognate with Proto-Samic *tivōtēk, further origin unknown.


roocci

roocci (nominative singular)
rooc'it (nominative plural)
rooc'in (accusative singular)
rooc'it (accusative plural)
rooc'in (genitive singular)
rooccidën (genitive plural)
rooccëjidën (genitive plural)
rooccida (partitive singular)
rooccëjita (partitive plural)
rooc'issa (inessive singular)
rooc'ihna (inessive singular)
rooccëjissa (inessive plural)
rooccëjihna (inessive plural)
rooc'ista (elative singular)
rooccëjista (elative plural)
rooccihën (illative singular)
rooccëjisën (illative plural)
rooc'illa (adessive singular)
rooccëjilla (adessive plural)
rooc'ilta (ablative singular)
rooccëjilta (ablative plural)
rooccilën (allative singular)
rooccilëk (allative singular)
rooccëjilën (allative plural)
rooccëjilëk (allative plural)
rooccina (essive singular)
rooccëjina (essive plural)
rooc'iksi (singular translative)
rooccëjiksi (plural translative)
rooc'in (instructive singular)
rooccëjin (instructive plural)
rooccinëk (comitative singular)
rooccëjinëk (comitative plural)
rooc'itta (abessive singular)
rooccëjitta (abessive plural)

Estonian: rootsi, Rootsi, (archaic) roots

Finnish: ruotsi, Ruotsi

Kven: Ruottii

Meänkieli: Ruotti

Ingrian: rootsi, Rootsi

Karelian:

North Karelian: ruočči, Ruočči

South Karelian: ruočči, Ruočči

Livonian: rūotš, Rūotšmō

Livvi: ruočči, Ruočči

Ludian: ruoč

Veps: Ročinma

Võro: ruuts', Roodsi

Votic: roottsi

→ Old East Slavic: Русь (Rusĭ) (see there for further descendants)

→ Proto-Permic:

Komi-Permyak: роч (roć)

Komi-Zyrian: роч (roć)

Udmurt: ӟуч (dźuć)

→ Proto-Samic:

Inari Sami: Ruotâ

Kildin Sami: Рӯц (Rūc)

Northern Sami: Ruoŧŧa

Skolt Sami: Ruõcc

Ume Sami: Ruohtsa

Borrowed from Old East Norse *roþs- (possibly as part of the word *rōþskarl, *rōþsmän (“rower”)), from Old Norse róðr, from Proto-Germanic *rōþrą. The name is related to the name of Roden (Roslagen), a region in eastern Sweden.

(Common Finnic) person from the coast of Roden or Roþrin, later more generally Swede