näppä

näppä (nominative singular)
näp'ät (nominative plural)
näp'än (accusative singular)
näp'ät (accusative plural)
näp'än (genitive singular)
näppäden (genitive plural)
näppeiden (genitive plural)
näppädä (partitive singular)
näppeidä (partitive plural)
näp'ässä (inessive singular)
näp'ähnä (inessive singular)
näp'eissä (inessive plural)
näp'eihnä (inessive plural)
näp'ästä (elative singular)
näp'eistä (elative plural)
näppähen (illative singular)
näppeihen (illative plural)
näp'ällä (adessive singular)
näp'eillä (adessive plural)
näp'ältä (ablative singular)
näp'eiltä (ablative plural)
näppälen (allative singular)
näppälek (allative singular)
näppeilen (allative plural)
näppeilek (allative plural)
näppänä (essive singular)
näppeinä (essive plural)
näp'äksi (singular translative)
näp'eiksi (plural translative)
näp'än (instructive singular)
näp'ein (instructive plural)
näppänek (comitative singular)
näppeinek (comitative plural)
näp'ättä (abessive singular)
näp'eittä (abessive plural)

⇒ Estonian: (dialectal) näpik

⇒ Finnish: näppy

⇒ Ingrian: näpykkä

⇒ Karelian:

North Karelian: näppy

South Karelian: näppy

Livonian: ņäpā

⇒ Votic: napukkõ


peridäk

peri- (stem)
perin (first-person present singular)
perejin (first-person past singular)
perigon (first-person optative singular)
perit (present second-person singular)
perejit (past second-person singular)
perik (imperative second-person singular)
perigos (optative second-person singular)
peribi (present singular third-person)
peri (present singular third-person)
pereji (past singular third-person)
perigäsen (imperative singular third-person)
perigosen (optative singular third-person)
perikmek (first-person plural present)
perikmäk (first-person plural present)
perejimek (first-person past plural)
perejimäk (first-person past plural)
perigätemek (first-person imperative plural)
perigätämäk (first-person imperative plural)
perigotemek (first-person optative plural)
perigotämäk (first-person optative plural)
periktek (plural present second-person)
periktäk (plural present second-person)
perejidek (past plural second-person)
perejidäk (past plural second-person)
perigäte (imperative plural second-person)
perigätä (imperative plural second-person)
perigot'ek (optative plural second-person)
perigotädäk (optative plural second-person)
peribät (plural present third-person)
peri (plural present third-person)
pereji (past plural third-person)
perigäsen (imperative plural third-person)
perigosen (optative plural third-person)
periksen (passive present)
perit'äksen (passive present)
peridisen (passive past)
perittisen (passive past)
peridäkähen (imperative passive)
perittäkähen (imperative passive)
peridäkohen (optative passive)
perittäkohen (optative passive)
perik (connegative present)
perigäk (connegative imperative)
perigok (connegative optative)
periktäk (connegative passive present)
peridägäk (connegative imperative passive)
perittägäk (connegative imperative passive)
peridägok (connegative optative passive)
perittägok (connegative optative passive)
perikcin (conditional conditional-i first-person singular)
perejicin (conditional conditional-ii first-person singular)
perinen (first-person potential singular)
perikcit (conditional conditional-i second-person singular)
perejicit (conditional conditional-ii second-person singular)
perinet (potential second-person singular)
perikci (conditional conditional-i singular third-person)
perejici (conditional conditional-ii singular third-person)
perini (potential singular third-person)
perikcimek (conditional conditional-i first-person plural)
perikcimäk (conditional conditional-i first-person plural)
perejicimek (conditional conditional-ii first-person plural)
perejicimäk (conditional conditional-ii first-person plural)
perinemek (first-person plural potential)
perinemäk (first-person plural potential)
perikcidek (conditional conditional-i plural second-person)
perikcidäk (conditional conditional-i plural second-person)
perejicidek (conditional conditional-ii plural second-person)
perejicidäk (conditional conditional-ii plural second-person)
perinedek (plural potential second-person)
perinedäk (plural potential second-person)
perikci (conditional conditional-i plural third-person)
perejici (conditional conditional-ii plural third-person)
perini (plural potential third-person)
peridäkcihen (conditional conditional-i passive)
perit'äkcihen (conditional conditional-i passive)
peridicihen (conditional conditional-ii passive)
peritticihen (conditional conditional-ii passive)
peridänehen (passive potential)
perittänehen (passive potential)
perikcik (conditional conditional-i connegative)
perejicik (conditional conditional-ii connegative)
perinek (connegative potential)
peridäkcik (conditional conditional-i connegative passive)
perit'äkcik (conditional conditional-i connegative passive)
peridicik (conditional conditional-ii connegative passive)
peritticik (conditional conditional-ii connegative passive)
peridänek (connegative passive potential)
perittänek (connegative passive potential)
peridäk (conditional conditional-i infinitive infinitive-i)
peribä (active participle present)
peridäpä (participle passive present)
perittäpä (participle passive present)
peride- (conditional conditional-i infinitive infinitive-ii)
perinüt (active participle past)
peridü (participle passive past)
perittü (participle passive past)
perimä (conditional conditional-i gerund supine)
periminen (conditional conditional-i noun-from-verb)

Estonian: pärima/pärida

Finnish: periä

→ Inari Sami: peerrâđ

→ Northern Sami: bearrat

Ingrian: perriä

Karelian:

North Karelian: perie

South Karelian: perie

Livonian: pie’rrõ

Livvi: perie

Ludian: perida

Võro: perimä/perriq

Votic: periä


kaikudak

kaiku- (stem)
kaigun (first-person present singular)
kaiguin (first-person past singular)
kaikugon (first-person optative singular)
kaigut (present second-person singular)
kaiguit (past second-person singular)
kaiguk (imperative second-person singular)
kaikugos (optative second-person singular)
kaikubi (present singular third-person)
kaiku (present singular third-person)
kaikui (past singular third-person)
kaikugasën (imperative singular third-person)
kaikugosën (optative singular third-person)
kaigukmëk (first-person plural present)
kaigukmak (first-person plural present)
kaikuimëk (first-person past plural)
kaikuimak (first-person past plural)
kaikugatëmëk (first-person imperative plural)
kaikugatamak (first-person imperative plural)
kaikugotëmëk (first-person optative plural)
kaikugotamak (first-person optative plural)
kaiguktëk (plural present second-person)
kaiguktak (plural present second-person)
kaikuidëk (past plural second-person)
kaikuidak (past plural second-person)
kaikugatë (imperative plural second-person)
kaikugata (imperative plural second-person)
kaikugot'ëk (optative plural second-person)
kaikugotadak (optative plural second-person)
kaikubat (plural present third-person)
kaiku (plural present third-person)
kaikui (past plural third-person)
kaikugasën (imperative plural third-person)
kaikugosën (optative plural third-person)
kaiguksën (passive present)
kaigut'aksën (passive present)
kaikudisën (passive past)
kaiguttisën (passive past)
kaikudakahën (imperative passive)
kaiguttakahën (imperative passive)
kaikudakohën (optative passive)
kaiguttakohën (optative passive)
kaiguk (connegative present)
kaikugak (connegative imperative)
kaikugok (connegative optative)
kaiguktak (connegative passive present)
kaikudagak (connegative imperative passive)
kaiguttagak (connegative imperative passive)
kaikudagok (connegative optative passive)
kaiguttagok (connegative optative passive)
kaigukcin (conditional conditional-i first-person singular)
kaikuicin (conditional conditional-ii first-person singular)
kaikunën (first-person potential singular)
kaigukcit (conditional conditional-i second-person singular)
kaikuicit (conditional conditional-ii second-person singular)
kaikunët (potential second-person singular)
kaigukci (conditional conditional-i singular third-person)
kaikuici (conditional conditional-ii singular third-person)
kaikuni (potential singular third-person)
kaigukcimëk (conditional conditional-i first-person plural)
kaigukcimak (conditional conditional-i first-person plural)
kaikuicimëk (conditional conditional-ii first-person plural)
kaikuicimak (conditional conditional-ii first-person plural)
kaikunëmëk (first-person plural potential)
kaikunëmak (first-person plural potential)
kaigukcidëk (conditional conditional-i plural second-person)
kaigukcidak (conditional conditional-i plural second-person)
kaikuicidëk (conditional conditional-ii plural second-person)
kaikuicidak (conditional conditional-ii plural second-person)
kaikunëdëk (plural potential second-person)
kaikunëdak (plural potential second-person)
kaigukci (conditional conditional-i plural third-person)
kaikuici (conditional conditional-ii plural third-person)
kaikuni (plural potential third-person)
kaikudakcihën (conditional conditional-i passive)
kaigut'akcihën (conditional conditional-i passive)
kaikudicihën (conditional conditional-ii passive)
kaigutticihën (conditional conditional-ii passive)
kaikudanëhën (passive potential)
kaiguttanëhën (passive potential)
kaigukcik (conditional conditional-i connegative)
kaikuicik (conditional conditional-ii connegative)
kaikunëk (connegative potential)
kaikudakcik (conditional conditional-i connegative passive)
kaigut'akcik (conditional conditional-i connegative passive)
kaikudicik (conditional conditional-ii connegative passive)
kaigutticik (conditional conditional-ii connegative passive)
kaikudanëk (connegative passive potential)
kaiguttanëk (connegative passive potential)
kaikudak (conditional conditional-i infinitive infinitive-i)
kaikuba (active participle present)
kaikudapa (participle passive present)
kaiguttapa (participle passive present)
kaikudë- (conditional conditional-i infinitive infinitive-ii)
kaikunut (active participle past)
kaikudu (participle passive past)
kaiguttu (participle passive past)
kaikuma (conditional conditional-i gerund supine)
kaikuminen (conditional conditional-i noun-from-verb)

Estonian: kaikuma/kaikuda

Finnish: kaikua

Ingrian: kaikua

Karelian:

North Karelian: kaikuo


hëiludak

hëilu- (stem)
hëilun (first-person present singular)
hëiluin (first-person past singular)
hëilugon (first-person optative singular)
hëilut (present second-person singular)
hëiluit (past second-person singular)
hëiluk (imperative second-person singular)
hëilugos (optative second-person singular)
hëilubi (present singular third-person)
hëilu (present singular third-person)
hëilui (past singular third-person)
hëilugasën (imperative singular third-person)
hëilugosën (optative singular third-person)
hëilukmëk (first-person plural present)
hëilukmak (first-person plural present)
hëiluimëk (first-person past plural)
hëiluimak (first-person past plural)
hëilugatëmëk (first-person imperative plural)
hëilugatamak (first-person imperative plural)
hëilugotëmëk (first-person optative plural)
hëilugotamak (first-person optative plural)
hëiluktëk (plural present second-person)
hëiluktak (plural present second-person)
hëiluidëk (past plural second-person)
hëiluidak (past plural second-person)
hëilugatë (imperative plural second-person)
hëilugata (imperative plural second-person)
hëilugot'ëk (optative plural second-person)
hëilugotadak (optative plural second-person)
hëilubat (plural present third-person)
hëilu (plural present third-person)
hëilui (past plural third-person)
hëilugasën (imperative plural third-person)
hëilugosën (optative plural third-person)
hëiluksën (passive present)
hëilut'aksën (passive present)
hëiludisën (passive past)
hëiluttisën (passive past)
hëiludakahën (imperative passive)
hëiluttakahën (imperative passive)
hëiludakohën (optative passive)
hëiluttakohën (optative passive)
hëiluk (connegative present)
hëilugak (connegative imperative)
hëilugok (connegative optative)
hëiluktak (connegative passive present)
hëiludagak (connegative imperative passive)
hëiluttagak (connegative imperative passive)
hëiludagok (connegative optative passive)
hëiluttagok (connegative optative passive)
hëilukcin (conditional conditional-i first-person singular)
hëiluicin (conditional conditional-ii first-person singular)
hëilunën (first-person potential singular)
hëilukcit (conditional conditional-i second-person singular)
hëiluicit (conditional conditional-ii second-person singular)
hëilunët (potential second-person singular)
hëilukci (conditional conditional-i singular third-person)
hëiluici (conditional conditional-ii singular third-person)
hëiluni (potential singular third-person)
hëilukcimëk (conditional conditional-i first-person plural)
hëilukcimak (conditional conditional-i first-person plural)
hëiluicimëk (conditional conditional-ii first-person plural)
hëiluicimak (conditional conditional-ii first-person plural)
hëilunëmëk (first-person plural potential)
hëilunëmak (first-person plural potential)
hëilukcidëk (conditional conditional-i plural second-person)
hëilukcidak (conditional conditional-i plural second-person)
hëiluicidëk (conditional conditional-ii plural second-person)
hëiluicidak (conditional conditional-ii plural second-person)
hëilunëdëk (plural potential second-person)
hëilunëdak (plural potential second-person)
hëilukci (conditional conditional-i plural third-person)
hëiluici (conditional conditional-ii plural third-person)
hëiluni (plural potential third-person)
hëiludakcihën (conditional conditional-i passive)
hëilut'akcihën (conditional conditional-i passive)
hëiludicihën (conditional conditional-ii passive)
hëilutticihën (conditional conditional-ii passive)
hëiludanëhën (passive potential)
hëiluttanëhën (passive potential)
hëilukcik (conditional conditional-i connegative)
hëiluicik (conditional conditional-ii connegative)
hëilunëk (connegative potential)
hëiludakcik (conditional conditional-i connegative passive)
hëilut'akcik (conditional conditional-i connegative passive)
hëiludicik (conditional conditional-ii connegative passive)
hëilutticik (conditional conditional-ii connegative passive)
hëiludanëk (connegative passive potential)
hëiluttanëk (connegative passive potential)
hëiludak (conditional conditional-i infinitive infinitive-i)
hëiluba (active participle present)
hëiludapa (participle passive present)
hëiluttapa (participle passive present)
hëiludë- (conditional conditional-i infinitive infinitive-ii)
hëilunut (active participle past)
hëiludu (participle passive past)
hëiluttu (participle passive past)
hëiluma (conditional conditional-i gerund supine)
hëiluminen (conditional conditional-i noun-from-verb)

Finnish: heilua

Karelian:

North Karelian: heiluo

South Karelian: heiluo

Livvi: heiluo

Veps: heiluda

Sound-symbolic. Probably a variant of *häilüdäk.

(Northern Finnic) to swing, to sway, to rock


valudak

valu- (stem)
valun (first-person present singular)
valuin (first-person past singular)
valugon (first-person optative singular)
valut (present second-person singular)
valuit (past second-person singular)
valuk (imperative second-person singular)
valugos (optative second-person singular)
valubi (present singular third-person)
valu (present singular third-person)
valui (past singular third-person)
valugasën (imperative singular third-person)
valugosën (optative singular third-person)
valukmëk (first-person plural present)
valukmak (first-person plural present)
valuimëk (first-person past plural)
valuimak (first-person past plural)
valugatëmëk (first-person imperative plural)
valugatamak (first-person imperative plural)
valugotëmëk (first-person optative plural)
valugotamak (first-person optative plural)
valuktëk (plural present second-person)
valuktak (plural present second-person)
valuidëk (past plural second-person)
valuidak (past plural second-person)
valugatë (imperative plural second-person)
valugata (imperative plural second-person)
valugot'ëk (optative plural second-person)
valugotadak (optative plural second-person)
valubat (plural present third-person)
valu (plural present third-person)
valui (past plural third-person)
valugasën (imperative plural third-person)
valugosën (optative plural third-person)
valuksën (passive present)
valut'aksën (passive present)
valudisën (passive past)
valuttisën (passive past)
valudakahën (imperative passive)
valuttakahën (imperative passive)
valudakohën (optative passive)
valuttakohën (optative passive)
valuk (connegative present)
valugak (connegative imperative)
valugok (connegative optative)
valuktak (connegative passive present)
valudagak (connegative imperative passive)
valuttagak (connegative imperative passive)
valudagok (connegative optative passive)
valuttagok (connegative optative passive)
valukcin (conditional conditional-i first-person singular)
valuicin (conditional conditional-ii first-person singular)
valunën (first-person potential singular)
valukcit (conditional conditional-i second-person singular)
valuicit (conditional conditional-ii second-person singular)
valunët (potential second-person singular)
valukci (conditional conditional-i singular third-person)
valuici (conditional conditional-ii singular third-person)
valuni (potential singular third-person)
valukcimëk (conditional conditional-i first-person plural)
valukcimak (conditional conditional-i first-person plural)
valuicimëk (conditional conditional-ii first-person plural)
valuicimak (conditional conditional-ii first-person plural)
valunëmëk (first-person plural potential)
valunëmak (first-person plural potential)
valukcidëk (conditional conditional-i plural second-person)
valukcidak (conditional conditional-i plural second-person)
valuicidëk (conditional conditional-ii plural second-person)
valuicidak (conditional conditional-ii plural second-person)
valunëdëk (plural potential second-person)
valunëdak (plural potential second-person)
valukci (conditional conditional-i plural third-person)
valuici (conditional conditional-ii plural third-person)
valuni (plural potential third-person)
valudakcihën (conditional conditional-i passive)
valut'akcihën (conditional conditional-i passive)
valudicihën (conditional conditional-ii passive)
valutticihën (conditional conditional-ii passive)
valudanëhën (passive potential)
valuttanëhën (passive potential)
valukcik (conditional conditional-i connegative)
valuicik (conditional conditional-ii connegative)
valunëk (connegative potential)
valudakcik (conditional conditional-i connegative passive)
valut'akcik (conditional conditional-i connegative passive)
valudicik (conditional conditional-ii connegative passive)
valutticik (conditional conditional-ii connegative passive)
valudanëk (connegative passive potential)
valuttanëk (connegative passive potential)
valudak (conditional conditional-i infinitive infinitive-i)
valuba (active participle present)
valudapa (participle passive present)
valuttapa (participle passive present)
valudë- (conditional conditional-i infinitive infinitive-ii)
valunut (active participle past)
valudu (participle passive past)
valuttu (participle passive past)
valuma (conditional conditional-i gerund supine)
valuminen (conditional conditional-i noun-from-verb)

Finnish: valua

Ingrian: vallua

Karelian:

North Karelian: valuo

South Karelian: valuo

Livvi: valuo

Ludian: valuda

Veps: valuda

Votic: vallua


vastat'ak

vastada- (stem)
vastadan (first-person present singular)
vastacin (first-person past singular)
vastatkon (first-person optative singular)
vastadat (present second-person singular)
vastacit (past second-person singular)
vastadak (imperative second-person singular)
vastatkos (optative second-person singular)
vastadapi (present singular third-person)
vastat (present singular third-person)
vastaci (past singular third-person)
vastatkasën (imperative singular third-person)
vastatkosën (optative singular third-person)
vastadakmëk (first-person plural present)
vastadakmak (first-person plural present)
vastacimëk (first-person past plural)
vastacimak (first-person past plural)
vastatkatëmëk (first-person imperative plural)
vastatkatamak (first-person imperative plural)
vastatkotëmëk (first-person optative plural)
vastatkotamak (first-person optative plural)
vastadaktëk (plural present second-person)
vastadaktak (plural present second-person)
vastacidëk (past plural second-person)
vastacidak (past plural second-person)
vastatkatë (imperative plural second-person)
vastatkata (imperative plural second-person)
vastatkot'ëk (optative plural second-person)
vastatkotadak (optative plural second-person)
vastadabat (plural present third-person)
vastat (plural present third-person)
vastaci (past plural third-person)
vastatkasën (imperative plural third-person)
vastatkosën (optative plural third-person)
vastadaksën (passive present)
vastadat'aksën (passive present)
vastattisën (passive past)
vastadattihën (passive past)
vastattakahën (imperative passive)
vastadattagasën (imperative passive)
vastattakohën (optative passive)
vastadattagosën (optative passive)
vastadak (connegative present)
vastatkak (connegative imperative)
vastatkok (connegative optative)
vastadaktak (connegative passive present)
vastattagak (connegative imperative passive)
vastadattagak (connegative imperative passive)
vastattagok (connegative optative passive)
vastadattagok (connegative optative passive)
vastadakcin (conditional conditional-i first-person singular)
vastacicin (conditional conditional-ii first-person singular)
vastannën (first-person potential singular)
vastadakcit (conditional conditional-i second-person singular)
vastacicit (conditional conditional-ii second-person singular)
vastannët (potential second-person singular)
vastadakci (conditional conditional-i singular third-person)
vastacici (conditional conditional-ii singular third-person)
vastanni (potential singular third-person)
vastadakcimëk (conditional conditional-i first-person plural)
vastadakcimak (conditional conditional-i first-person plural)
vastacicimëk (conditional conditional-ii first-person plural)
vastacicimak (conditional conditional-ii first-person plural)
vastannëmëk (first-person plural potential)
vastannëmak (first-person plural potential)
vastadakcidëk (conditional conditional-i plural second-person)
vastadakcidak (conditional conditional-i plural second-person)
vastacicidëk (conditional conditional-ii plural second-person)
vastacicidak (conditional conditional-ii plural second-person)
vastannëdëk (plural potential second-person)
vastannëdak (plural potential second-person)
vastadakci (conditional conditional-i plural third-person)
vastacici (conditional conditional-ii plural third-person)
vastanni (plural potential third-person)
vastat'akcihën (conditional conditional-i passive)
vastadat'akcisën (conditional conditional-i passive)
vastatticihën (conditional conditional-ii passive)
vastadatticisën (conditional conditional-ii passive)
vastattanëhën (passive potential)
vastadattanësën (passive potential)
vastadakcik (conditional conditional-i connegative)
vastacicik (conditional conditional-ii connegative)
vastannëk (connegative potential)
vastat'akcik (conditional conditional-i connegative passive)
vastadat'akcik (conditional conditional-i connegative passive)
vastatticik (conditional conditional-ii connegative passive)
vastadatticik (conditional conditional-ii connegative passive)
vastattanëk (connegative passive potential)
vastadattanëk (connegative passive potential)
vastat'ak (conditional conditional-i infinitive infinitive-i)
vastadapa (active participle present)
vastattapa (participle passive present)
vastadattaba (participle passive present)
vastattë- (conditional conditional-i infinitive infinitive-ii)
vastannut (active participle past)
vastattu (participle passive past)
vastadattu (participle passive past)
vastadama (conditional conditional-i gerund supine)
vastadaminen (conditional conditional-i noun-from-verb)

Estonian: vastama/vastata

Finnish: vastata

Ingrian: vassata

Karelian:

North Karelian: vassata

South Karelian: vassata

Livonian: vastātõ

Livvi: vastata

Ludian: vastata

Veps: vastata

Võro: vastama/vastadaq

Votic: vasatõ

→ Proto-Samic: *vāstētētēk (see there for further descendants)


kandël

kandël (nominative singular)
kantëlët (nominative plural)
kantëlën (accusative singular)
kantëlët (accusative plural)
kantëlën (genitive singular)
kandëldën (genitive plural)
kantëlidën (genitive plural)
kandëlta (partitive singular)
kantëlita (partitive plural)
kantëlëssa (inessive singular)
kantëlëhna (inessive singular)
kantëlissa (inessive plural)
kantëlihna (inessive plural)
kantëlësta (elative singular)
kantëlista (elative plural)
kantëlësën (illative singular)
kantëlisën (illative plural)
kantëlëlla (adessive singular)
kantëlilla (adessive plural)
kantëlëlta (ablative singular)
kantëlilta (ablative plural)
kantëlëlën (allative singular)
kantëlëlëk (allative singular)
kantëlilën (allative plural)
kantëlilëk (allative plural)
kandëlla (essive singular)
kantëlina (essive plural)
kantëlëksi (singular translative)
kantëliksi (plural translative)
kantëlën (instructive singular)
kantëlin (instructive plural)
kandëllëk (comitative singular)
kantëlinëk (comitative plural)
kantëlëtta (abessive singular)
kantëlitta (abessive plural)

Estonian: kannel

Finnish: kannel

Ingrian: kannel

Livonian: kāndla

Veps: kandel

Võro: kannõl'

Votic: kannõl

Finnish: kantele

→ Inari Sami: kaddâlâs

→ Northern Sami: gándil

Karelian:

North Karelian: kanteleh

South Karelian: kandeleh

Livvi: kandeleh

Ludian: kandeleh

Disputed; theories include:
* borrowing from Proto-Baltic [Term?] (whence Latvian kokle and Lithuanian kanklės)
* borrowing from Proto-Slavic *gondtlь
* independent derivation from *kantë- (“cover”)
* independent derivation from *kanta (“heel”).

unk

Disputed


tarbëh

tarbëh (nominative singular)
tarpëhët (nominative plural)
tarpëhën (accusative singular)
tarpëhët (accusative plural)
tarpëhën (genitive singular)
tarbëhtën (genitive plural)
tarpëhidën (genitive plural)
tarbëhta (partitive singular)
tarpëhita (partitive plural)
tarpëhëssa (inessive singular)
tarpëhëhna (inessive singular)
tarpëhissa (inessive plural)
tarpëhihna (inessive plural)
tarpëhësta (elative singular)
tarpëhista (elative plural)
tarpëhësën (illative singular)
tarpëhisën (illative plural)
tarpëhëlla (adessive singular)
tarpëhilla (adessive plural)
tarpëhëlta (ablative singular)
tarpëhilta (ablative plural)
tarpëhëlën (allative singular)
tarpëhëlëk (allative singular)
tarpëhilën (allative plural)
tarpëhilëk (allative plural)
tarpëhëna (essive singular)
tarpëhina (essive plural)
tarpëhëksi (singular translative)
tarpëhiksi (plural translative)
tarpëhën (instructive singular)
tarpëhin (instructive plural)
tarpëhënëk (comitative singular)
tarpëhinëk (comitative plural)
tarpëhëtta (abessive singular)
tarpëhitta (abessive plural)

Estonian: tarve

Finnish: tarve

Ingrian: tarve

Borrowed from Proto-Germanic *þarbō + *-ëh.


haikko

haikko (nominative singular)
haik'ot (nominative plural)
haik'on (accusative singular)
haik'ot (accusative plural)
haik'on (genitive singular)
haikkodën (genitive plural)
haikkoidën (genitive plural)
haikkoda (partitive singular)
haikkoida (partitive plural)
haik'ossa (inessive singular)
haik'ohna (inessive singular)
haik'oissa (inessive plural)
haik'oihna (inessive plural)
haik'osta (elative singular)
haik'oista (elative plural)
haikkohën (illative singular)
haikkoihën (illative plural)
haik'olla (adessive singular)
haik'oilla (adessive plural)
haik'olta (ablative singular)
haik'oilta (ablative plural)
haikkolën (allative singular)
haikkolëk (allative singular)
haikkoilën (allative plural)
haikkoilëk (allative plural)
haikkona (essive singular)
haikkoina (essive plural)
haik'oksi (singular translative)
haik'oiksi (plural translative)
haik'on (instructive singular)
haik'oin (instructive plural)
haikkonëk (comitative singular)
haikkoinëk (comitative plural)
haik'otta (abessive singular)
haik'oitta (abessive plural)

Estonian: haik

Finnish: (dialectal) haukko, haikko

⇒ Finnish: haukottaa

⇒ Ingrian: haikottaa

Karelian:

North Karelian: haikko

South Karelian: haikko

Livvi: haikko

Võro: haik


toittadak

toitta- (stem)
toit'an (first-person present singular)
toit'ëin (first-person past singular)
toittagon (first-person optative singular)
toit'at (present second-person singular)
toit'ëit (past second-person singular)
toit'ak (imperative second-person singular)
toittagos (optative second-person singular)
toittabi (present singular third-person)
toitta (present singular third-person)
toittëi (past singular third-person)
toittagasën (imperative singular third-person)
toittagosën (optative singular third-person)
toit'akmëk (first-person plural present)
toit'akmak (first-person plural present)
toittëimëk (first-person past plural)
toittëimak (first-person past plural)
toittagatëmëk (first-person imperative plural)
toittagatamak (first-person imperative plural)
toittagotëmëk (first-person optative plural)
toittagotamak (first-person optative plural)
toit'aktëk (plural present second-person)
toit'aktak (plural present second-person)
toittëidëk (past plural second-person)
toittëidak (past plural second-person)
toittagatë (imperative plural second-person)
toittagata (imperative plural second-person)
toittagot'ëk (optative plural second-person)
toittagotadak (optative plural second-person)
toittabat (plural present third-person)
toitta (plural present third-person)
toittëi (past plural third-person)
toittagasën (imperative plural third-person)
toittagosën (optative plural third-person)
toit'aksën (passive present)
toit'at'aksën (passive present)
toittadisën (passive past)
toit'attisën (passive past)
toittadakahën (imperative passive)
toit'attakahën (imperative passive)
toittadakohën (optative passive)
toit'attakohën (optative passive)
toit'ak (connegative present)
toittagak (connegative imperative)
toittagok (connegative optative)
toit'aktak (connegative passive present)
toittadagak (connegative imperative passive)
toit'attagak (connegative imperative passive)
toittadagok (connegative optative passive)
toit'attagok (connegative optative passive)
toit'akcin (conditional conditional-i first-person singular)
toittëicin (conditional conditional-ii first-person singular)
toittanën (first-person potential singular)
toit'akcit (conditional conditional-i second-person singular)
toittëicit (conditional conditional-ii second-person singular)
toittanët (potential second-person singular)
toit'akci (conditional conditional-i singular third-person)
toittëici (conditional conditional-ii singular third-person)
toittani (potential singular third-person)
toit'akcimëk (conditional conditional-i first-person plural)
toit'akcimak (conditional conditional-i first-person plural)
toittëicimëk (conditional conditional-ii first-person plural)
toittëicimak (conditional conditional-ii first-person plural)
toittanëmëk (first-person plural potential)
toittanëmak (first-person plural potential)
toit'akcidëk (conditional conditional-i plural second-person)
toit'akcidak (conditional conditional-i plural second-person)
toittëicidëk (conditional conditional-ii plural second-person)
toittëicidak (conditional conditional-ii plural second-person)
toittanëdëk (plural potential second-person)
toittanëdak (plural potential second-person)
toit'akci (conditional conditional-i plural third-person)
toittëici (conditional conditional-ii plural third-person)
toittani (plural potential third-person)
toittadakcihën (conditional conditional-i passive)
toit'at'akcihën (conditional conditional-i passive)
toittadicihën (conditional conditional-ii passive)
toit'atticihën (conditional conditional-ii passive)
toittadanëhën (passive potential)
toit'attanëhën (passive potential)
toit'akcik (conditional conditional-i connegative)
toittëicik (conditional conditional-ii connegative)
toittanëk (connegative potential)
toittadakcik (conditional conditional-i connegative passive)
toit'at'akcik (conditional conditional-i connegative passive)
toittadicik (conditional conditional-ii connegative passive)
toit'atticik (conditional conditional-ii connegative passive)
toittadanëk (connegative passive potential)
toit'attanëk (connegative passive potential)
toittadak (conditional conditional-i infinitive infinitive-i)
toittaba (active participle present)
toittadapa (participle passive present)
toit'attapa (participle passive present)
toittadë- (conditional conditional-i infinitive infinitive-ii)
toittanut (active participle past)
toittadu (participle passive past)
toit'attu (participle passive past)
toittama (conditional conditional-i gerund supine)
toittaminen (conditional conditional-i noun-from-verb)

Estonian: toitma/toita

desc

→ Finnish: (dialectal) toittaa (“to feed”)

→ Ingrian: toittaa

→ Votic: toitta

toittaa<q:dialectal><t:to affect, to grow, to understand>

Finnish: (dialectal) toittaa (“to affect, to grow, to understand”)

Livonian: tuoitõ

From *toi- + *-ttadak, probably from the same root as *toipudak


tik'uttadak

tik'utta- (stem)
tik'ut'an (first-person present singular)
tik'ut'ëin (first-person past singular)
tik'uttagon (first-person optative singular)
tik'ut'at (present second-person singular)
tik'ut'ëit (past second-person singular)
tik'ut'ak (imperative second-person singular)
tik'uttagos (optative second-person singular)
tik'uttapi (present singular third-person)
tik'utta (present singular third-person)
tik'uttëi (past singular third-person)
tik'uttakahën (imperative singular third-person)
tik'uttakohën (optative singular third-person)
tik'ut'akmëk (first-person plural present)
tik'ut'akmak (first-person plural present)
tik'uttëimëk (first-person past plural)
tik'uttëimak (first-person past plural)
tik'uttakadëmëk (first-person imperative plural)
tik'uttakadamak (first-person imperative plural)
tik'uttakodëmëk (first-person optative plural)
tik'uttakodamak (first-person optative plural)
tik'ut'aktëk (plural present second-person)
tik'ut'aktak (plural present second-person)
tik'uttëidëk (past plural second-person)
tik'uttëidak (past plural second-person)
tik'uttakadë (imperative plural second-person)
tik'uttakada (imperative plural second-person)
tik'uttagot'ëk (optative plural second-person)
tik'uttakodadak (optative plural second-person)
tik'uttabat (plural present third-person)
tik'utta (plural present third-person)
tik'uttëi (past plural third-person)
tik'uttakahën (imperative plural third-person)
tik'uttakohën (optative plural third-person)
tik'ut'aksën (passive present)
tik'ut'at'aksën (passive present)
tik'uttatihën (passive past)
tik'ut'attihën (passive past)
tik'uttatagasën (imperative passive)
tik'ut'attagasën (imperative passive)
tik'uttatagosën (optative passive)
tik'ut'attagosën (optative passive)
tik'ut'ak (connegative present)
tik'uttagak (connegative imperative)
tik'uttagok (connegative optative)
tik'ut'aktak (connegative passive present)
tik'uttatagak (connegative imperative passive)
tik'ut'attagak (connegative imperative passive)
tik'uttatagok (connegative optative passive)
tik'ut'attagok (connegative optative passive)
tik'ut'akcin (conditional conditional-i first-person singular)
tik'uttëicin (conditional conditional-ii first-person singular)
tik'uttanën (first-person potential singular)
tik'ut'akcit (conditional conditional-i second-person singular)
tik'uttëicit (conditional conditional-ii second-person singular)
tik'uttanët (potential second-person singular)
tik'ut'akci (conditional conditional-i singular third-person)
tik'uttëici (conditional conditional-ii singular third-person)
tik'uttani (potential singular third-person)
tik'ut'akcimëk (conditional conditional-i first-person plural)
tik'ut'akcimak (conditional conditional-i first-person plural)
tik'uttëicimëk (conditional conditional-ii first-person plural)
tik'uttëicimak (conditional conditional-ii first-person plural)
tik'uttanëmëk (first-person plural potential)
tik'uttanëmak (first-person plural potential)
tik'ut'akcidëk (conditional conditional-i plural second-person)
tik'ut'akcidak (conditional conditional-i plural second-person)
tik'uttëicidëk (conditional conditional-ii plural second-person)
tik'uttëicidak (conditional conditional-ii plural second-person)
tik'uttanëdëk (plural potential second-person)
tik'uttanëdak (plural potential second-person)
tik'ut'akci (conditional conditional-i plural third-person)
tik'uttëici (conditional conditional-ii plural third-person)
tik'uttani (plural potential third-person)
tik'uttadakcisën (conditional conditional-i passive)
tik'ut'at'akcisën (conditional conditional-i passive)
tik'uttaticisën (conditional conditional-ii passive)
tik'ut'atticisën (conditional conditional-ii passive)
tik'uttatanësën (passive potential)
tik'ut'attanësën (passive potential)
tik'ut'akcik (conditional conditional-i connegative)
tik'uttëicik (conditional conditional-ii connegative)
tik'uttanëk (connegative potential)
tik'uttadakcik (conditional conditional-i connegative passive)
tik'ut'at'akcik (conditional conditional-i connegative passive)
tik'uttaticik (conditional conditional-ii connegative passive)
tik'ut'atticik (conditional conditional-ii connegative passive)
tik'uttatanëk (connegative passive potential)
tik'ut'attanëk (connegative passive potential)
tik'uttadak (conditional conditional-i infinitive infinitive-i)
tik'uttapa (active participle present)
tik'uttataba (participle passive present)
tik'ut'attaba (participle passive present)
tik'uttatë- (conditional conditional-i infinitive infinitive-ii)
tik'uttanut (active participle past)
tik'uttatu (participle passive past)
tik'ut'attu (participle passive past)
tik'uttama (conditional conditional-i gerund supine)
tik'uttaminen (conditional conditional-i noun-from-verb)

Estonian: tikutama/tikutada

Finnish: (dialectal) tikuttaa

Ingrian: tikuttaa

Karelian:

South Karelian: tikuttua

Livvi: tikuttua

Veps: tikutada

From onomatopoeic root (possibly from the same as *tikka) + *-ttadak.

to tick, to knock in a continuous manner, like a woodpecker knocks a tree


kapalëh

kapalëh (nominative singular)
kapalëhët (nominative plural)
kapalëhën (accusative singular)
kapalëhët (accusative plural)
kapalëhën (genitive singular)
kapalëhtën (genitive plural)
kapalëhidën (genitive plural)
kapalëhta (partitive singular)
kapalëhida (partitive plural)
kapalëhëssa (inessive singular)
kapalëhëhna (inessive singular)
kapalëhissa (inessive plural)
kapalëhihna (inessive plural)
kapalëhësta (elative singular)
kapalëhista (elative plural)
kapalëhëhën (illative singular)
kapalëhihën (illative plural)
kapalëhëlla (adessive singular)
kapalëhilla (adessive plural)
kapalëhëlta (ablative singular)
kapalëhilta (ablative plural)
kapalëhëlën (allative singular)
kapalëhëlëk (allative singular)
kapalëhilën (allative plural)
kapalëhilëk (allative plural)
kapalëhëna (essive singular)
kapalëhina (essive plural)
kapalëhëksi (singular translative)
kapalëhiksi (plural translative)
kapalëhën (instructive singular)
kapalëhin (instructive plural)
kapalëhënëk (comitative singular)
kapalëhinëk (comitative plural)
kapalëhëtta (abessive singular)
kapalëhitta (abessive plural)

Estonian: (dialectal) kabal

Finnish: kappale, (dialectal) kapale

→ Inari Sami: kapulâh

→ Northern Sami: gáhppálat

Ingrian: kapale

Karelian:

North Karelian: kapaleh

Livonian: kabāl

Votic: kappõlõ

Probably borrowed from Proto-Baltic [Term?] (whence Latvian gabals, Lithuanian gabalas).


tülk'äs

tülk'äs (nominative singular)
tülkkähet (nominative plural)
tülkkähen (accusative singular)
tülkkähet (accusative plural)
tülkkähen (genitive singular)
tülk'ästen (genitive plural)
tülkkähiden (genitive plural)
tülk'ästä (partitive singular)
tülkkähitä (partitive plural)
tülkkähessä (inessive singular)
tülkkähehnä (inessive singular)
tülkkähissä (inessive plural)
tülkkähihnä (inessive plural)
tülkkähestä (elative singular)
tülkkähistä (elative plural)
tülkkähesen (illative singular)
tülkkähisen (illative plural)
tülkkähellä (adessive singular)
tülkkähillä (adessive plural)
tülkkäheltä (ablative singular)
tülkkähiltä (ablative plural)
tülkkähelen (allative singular)
tülkkähelek (allative singular)
tülkkähilen (allative plural)
tülkkähilek (allative plural)
tülk'ässä (essive singular)
tülkkähinä (essive plural)
tülkkäheksi (singular translative)
tülkkähiksi (plural translative)
tülkkähen (instructive singular)
tülkkähin (instructive plural)
tülk'ässek (comitative singular)
tülkkähinek (comitative plural)
tülkkähettä (abessive singular)
tülkkähittä (abessive plural)

Estonian: tülgas

Livonian: tīlkaz

Finnish: (dialectal) tylkeä

Karelian:

North Karelian: tylkie

South Karelian: tylgie

Livvi: tylgei


kuci-

Estonian: (dialectal) kusilane, kusikas

Finnish: kusiainen, (dialectal) kusilainen

Ingrian: kusilain

Karelian:

South Karelian: kudžahaine, kudžoi

Livvi: kudžoi

Ludian: kudžoi

Veps: kuzi- (in compound: kuzimurahaine)

Võro: kusiklanõ


vaat'ëk

vaat'ëk (nominative singular)
vaattëgët (nominative plural)
vaattëgën (accusative singular)
vaattëgët (accusative plural)
vaattëgën (genitive singular)
vaattëgëdën (genitive plural)
vaattëgidën (genitive plural)
vaattëgëta (partitive singular)
vaattëgita (partitive plural)
vaattëgëssa (inessive singular)
vaattëgëhna (inessive singular)
vaattëgissa (inessive plural)
vaattëgihna (inessive plural)
vaattëgësta (elative singular)
vaattëgista (elative plural)
vaattëgësën (illative singular)
vaattëgisën (illative plural)
vaattëgëlla (adessive singular)
vaattëgilla (adessive plural)
vaattëgëlta (ablative singular)
vaattëgilta (ablative plural)
vaattëgëlën (allative singular)
vaattëgëlëk (allative singular)
vaattëgilën (allative plural)
vaattëgilëk (allative plural)
vaattëgëna (essive singular)
vaattëgina (essive plural)
vaattëgëksi (singular translative)
vaattëgiksi (plural translative)
vaattëgën (instructive singular)
vaattëgin (instructive plural)
vaattëgënëk (comitative singular)
vaattëginëk (comitative plural)
vaattëgëtta (abessive singular)
vaattëgitta (abessive plural)

Finnish: vaate

Ingrian: vaate

Karelian:

North Karelian: voate

South Karelian: vuate

Livvi: vuate

Ludian: vate

Veps: vate

Possibly borrowed from (Northwest) Proto-Germanic *wādiz + *-ëk. According to LÄGLOS, a Germanic origin is very likely, but a Proto-Germanic origin is uncertain; the word could instead be a later Germanic borrowing.


-ntadak

head

*-ntadak / *-ntädäk (stem *-nta- / *-ntä-)

-ntadak / *-ntädäk (canonical)
-nta- / *-ntä- (stem)
-ndan (first-person present singular)
-ndoin (first-person past singular)
-ntagon (first-person optative singular)
-ndat (present second-person singular)
-ndoit (past second-person singular)
-ndak (imperative second-person singular)
-ntagos (optative second-person singular)
-ntapi (present singular third-person)
-nta (present singular third-person)
-ntoi (past singular third-person)
-ntakahën (imperative singular third-person)
-ntakohën (optative singular third-person)
-ndakmëk (first-person plural present)
-ndakmak (first-person plural present)
-ntoimëk (first-person past plural)
-ntoimak (first-person past plural)
-ntakadëmëk (first-person imperative plural)
-ntakadamak (first-person imperative plural)
-ntakodëmëk (first-person optative plural)
-ntakodamak (first-person optative plural)
-ndaktëk (plural present second-person)
-ndaktak (plural present second-person)
-ntoidëk (past plural second-person)
-ntoidak (past plural second-person)
-ntakadë (imperative plural second-person)
-ntakada (imperative plural second-person)
-ntagot'ëk (optative plural second-person)
-ntakodadak (optative plural second-person)
-ntabat (plural present third-person)
-nta (plural present third-person)
-ntoi (past plural third-person)
-ntakahën (imperative plural third-person)
-ntakohën (optative plural third-person)
-ndaksën (passive present)
-ndat'aksën (passive present)
-ntatihën (passive past)
-ndattihën (passive past)
-ntatagasën (imperative passive)
-ndattagasën (imperative passive)
-ntatagosën (optative passive)
-ndattagosën (optative passive)
-ndak (connegative present)
-ntagak (connegative imperative)
-ntagok (connegative optative)
-ndaktak (connegative passive present)
-ntatagak (connegative imperative passive)
-ndattagak (connegative imperative passive)
-ntatagok (connegative optative passive)
-ndattagok (connegative optative passive)
-ndakcin (conditional conditional-i first-person singular)
-ntoicin (conditional conditional-ii first-person singular)
-ntanën (first-person potential singular)
-ndakcit (conditional conditional-i second-person singular)
-ntoicit (conditional conditional-ii second-person singular)
-ntanët (potential second-person singular)
-ndakci (conditional conditional-i singular third-person)
-ntoici (conditional conditional-ii singular third-person)
-ntani (potential singular third-person)
-ndakcimëk (conditional conditional-i first-person plural)
-ndakcimak (conditional conditional-i first-person plural)
-ntoicimëk (conditional conditional-ii first-person plural)
-ntoicimak (conditional conditional-ii first-person plural)
-ntanëmëk (first-person plural potential)
-ntanëmak (first-person plural potential)
-ndakcidëk (conditional conditional-i plural second-person)
-ndakcidak (conditional conditional-i plural second-person)
-ntoicidëk (conditional conditional-ii plural second-person)
-ntoicidak (conditional conditional-ii plural second-person)
-ntanëdëk (plural potential second-person)
-ntanëdak (plural potential second-person)
-ndakci (conditional conditional-i plural third-person)
-ntoici (conditional conditional-ii plural third-person)
-ntani (plural potential third-person)
-ntadakcisën (conditional conditional-i passive)
-ndat'akcisën (conditional conditional-i passive)
-ntaticisën (conditional conditional-ii passive)
-ndatticisën (conditional conditional-ii passive)
-ntatanësën (passive potential)
-ndattanësën (passive potential)
-ndakcik (conditional conditional-i connegative)
-ntoicik (conditional conditional-ii connegative)
-ntanëk (connegative potential)
-ntadakcik (conditional conditional-i connegative passive)
-ndat'akcik (conditional conditional-i connegative passive)
-ntaticik (conditional conditional-ii connegative passive)
-ndatticik (conditional conditional-ii connegative passive)
-ntatanëk (connegative passive potential)
-ndattanëk (connegative passive potential)
-ntadak (conditional conditional-i infinitive infinitive-i)
-ntapa (active participle present)
-ntataba (participle passive present)
-ndattaba (participle passive present)
-ntatë- (conditional conditional-i infinitive infinitive-ii)
-ntanut (active participle past)
-ntatu (participle passive past)
-ndattu (participle passive past)
-ntama (conditional conditional-i gerund supine)
-ntaminen (conditional conditional-i noun-from-verb)

Estonian: -ndama, -ndada

Finnish: -ntaa

Ingrian: -ntaa

Karelian: -ntoa

Livvi: -ndua

Livonian: -ndõ

Ludian: -ndia

Veps: -eta

Votic: -nta

Equivalent to *-t'ak (stem *-ne-) + *-tadak, possibly even from Proto-Uralic *-mta-. Like *-t'ak, causes a stem-final -A- to change into -e-.

suf

stem <i class="Latn mention" lang="urj-fin-pro">*-ne-</i>

Forms verbs from nominal stems with a factitive or causative meaning.


-ntadak

A variant of *-t'ak (frequentative verb suffix); this variation may even date back to a Proto-Uralic *-nta-, which would be a variant of *-nte-. Like etymology 1, *-t'ak and *-ldak, causes a stem-final -A- to change into -e-.


katkët'ak

katkëda- (stem)
katkëdan (first-person present singular)
katkëcin (first-person past singular)
katkëtkon (first-person optative singular)
katkëdat (present second-person singular)
katkëcit (past second-person singular)
katkëdak (imperative second-person singular)
katkëtkos (optative second-person singular)
katkëdapi (present singular third-person)
katkët (present singular third-person)
katkëci (past singular third-person)
katkëtkasën (imperative singular third-person)
katkëtkosën (optative singular third-person)
katkëdakmëk (first-person plural present)
katkëdakmak (first-person plural present)
katkëcimëk (first-person past plural)
katkëcimak (first-person past plural)
katkëtkatëmëk (first-person imperative plural)
katkëtkatamak (first-person imperative plural)
katkëtkotëmëk (first-person optative plural)
katkëtkotamak (first-person optative plural)
katkëdaktëk (plural present second-person)
katkëdaktak (plural present second-person)
katkëcidëk (past plural second-person)
katkëcidak (past plural second-person)
katkëtkatë (imperative plural second-person)
katkëtkata (imperative plural second-person)
katkëtkot'ëk (optative plural second-person)
katkëtkotadak (optative plural second-person)
katkëdabat (plural present third-person)
katkët (plural present third-person)
katkëci (past plural third-person)
katkëtkasën (imperative plural third-person)
katkëtkosën (optative plural third-person)
katkëdaksën (passive present)
katkëdat'aksën (passive present)
katkëttisën (passive past)
katkëdattihën (passive past)
katkëttakahën (imperative passive)
katkëdattagasën (imperative passive)
katkëttakohën (optative passive)
katkëdattagosën (optative passive)
katkëdak (connegative present)
katkëtkak (connegative imperative)
katkëtkok (connegative optative)
katkëdaktak (connegative passive present)
katkëttagak (connegative imperative passive)
katkëdattagak (connegative imperative passive)
katkëttagok (connegative optative passive)
katkëdattagok (connegative optative passive)
katkëdakcin (conditional conditional-i first-person singular)
katkëcicin (conditional conditional-ii first-person singular)
katkënnën (first-person potential singular)
katkëdakcit (conditional conditional-i second-person singular)
katkëcicit (conditional conditional-ii second-person singular)
katkënnët (potential second-person singular)
katkëdakci (conditional conditional-i singular third-person)
katkëcici (conditional conditional-ii singular third-person)
katkënni (potential singular third-person)
katkëdakcimëk (conditional conditional-i first-person plural)
katkëdakcimak (conditional conditional-i first-person plural)
katkëcicimëk (conditional conditional-ii first-person plural)
katkëcicimak (conditional conditional-ii first-person plural)
katkënnëmëk (first-person plural potential)
katkënnëmak (first-person plural potential)
katkëdakcidëk (conditional conditional-i plural second-person)
katkëdakcidak (conditional conditional-i plural second-person)
katkëcicidëk (conditional conditional-ii plural second-person)
katkëcicidak (conditional conditional-ii plural second-person)
katkënnëdëk (plural potential second-person)
katkënnëdak (plural potential second-person)
katkëdakci (conditional conditional-i plural third-person)
katkëcici (conditional conditional-ii plural third-person)
katkënni (plural potential third-person)
katkët'akcihën (conditional conditional-i passive)
katkëdat'akcisën (conditional conditional-i passive)
katkëtticihën (conditional conditional-ii passive)
katkëdatticisën (conditional conditional-ii passive)
katkëttanëhën (passive potential)
katkëdattanësën (passive potential)
katkëdakcik (conditional conditional-i connegative)
katkëcicik (conditional conditional-ii connegative)
katkënnëk (connegative potential)
katkët'akcik (conditional conditional-i connegative passive)
katkëdat'akcik (conditional conditional-i connegative passive)
katkëtticik (conditional conditional-ii connegative passive)
katkëdatticik (conditional conditional-ii connegative passive)
katkëttanëk (connegative passive potential)
katkëdattanëk (connegative passive potential)
katkët'ak (conditional conditional-i infinitive infinitive-i)
katkëdapa (active participle present)
katkëttapa (participle passive present)
katkëdattaba (participle passive present)
katkëttë- (conditional conditional-i infinitive infinitive-ii)
katkënnut (active participle past)
katkëttu (participle passive past)
katkëdattu (participle passive past)
katkëdama (conditional conditional-i gerund supine)
katkëdaminen (conditional conditional-i noun-from-verb)

Estonian: katkema/katkeda

Finnish: katketa

Ingrian: kateta

Karelian:

North Karelian: katketa

South Karelian: katketa

Livonian: katkõ

Livvi: katketa

Ludian: katketa

Veps: katketa

Võro: kakkõma/kakõdaq

Votic: kadgõtõ

Possibly from Proto-Finno-Permic [Term?] + *-t'ak. Alternatively possibly derived (with the same suffix) from *kakci (“two”) (stem *kaktë-), with dissimilative metathesis from earlier **kaktët'ak.


tarit'ak

Finnish: tarita

Ingrian: tarita

Karelian:

North Karelian: tarita

South Karelian: tarita

Livvi: tarita

Ludian: tarita

Veps: tarita

Votic: tarittsaa

Borrowed from Proto-Germanic *tarjaną + *-it'ak.


muurahainën

muurahainën (nominative singular)
muurahaicët (nominative plural)
muurahaicën (accusative singular)
muurahaicët (accusative plural)
muurahaicën (genitive singular)
muurahaictën (genitive plural)
muurahaicidën (genitive plural)
muurahaicta (partitive singular)
muurahaicida (partitive plural)
muurahaicëssa (inessive singular)
muurahaicëhna (inessive singular)
muurahaicissa (inessive plural)
muurahaicihna (inessive plural)
muurahaicësta (elative singular)
muurahaicista (elative plural)
muurahaicëhën (illative singular)
muurahaicihën (illative plural)
muurahaicëlla (adessive singular)
muurahaicilla (adessive plural)
muurahaicëlta (ablative singular)
muurahaicilta (ablative plural)
muurahaicëlën (allative singular)
muurahaicëlëk (allative singular)
muurahaicilën (allative plural)
muurahaicilëk (allative plural)
muurahainna (essive singular)
muurahaicina (essive plural)
muurahaicëksi (singular translative)
muurahaiciksi (plural translative)
muurahaicën (instructive singular)
muurahaicin (instructive plural)
muurahainnëk (comitative singular)
muurahaicinëk (comitative plural)
muurahaicëtta (abessive singular)
muurahaicitta (abessive plural)

desc

⇒ Estonian: (dialectal) murelane, mureline, murulane

Finnish: muurahainen

Ingrian: muurahain

Karelian:

North Karelian: muurahaini

South Karelian: muurahaine

Ludian: muurahaine

Veps: murahaine

Borrowed from Proto-Germanic *mūrijǭ, *miurijǭ + *-inën.


kerit'äk

Finnish: keritä

Ingrian: keritä

Karelian:

North Karelian: keritä

South Karelian: keritä

Livonian: kerīkšõ

Livvi: keritä

Ludian: keritä

Veps: kerita

Votic: kerittsää

Borrowed from Proto-Germanic *skeraną + *-it'äk.

to shear (remove the fleece from a sheep)


këplas

këplas (nominative singular)
këplahët (nominative plural)
këplahën (accusative singular)
këplahët (accusative plural)
këplahën (genitive singular)
këplastën (genitive plural)
këplahidën (genitive plural)
këplasta (partitive singular)
këplahita (partitive plural)
këplahëssa (inessive singular)
këplahëhna (inessive singular)
këplahissa (inessive plural)
këplahihna (inessive plural)
këplahësta (elative singular)
këplahista (elative plural)
këplahësën (illative singular)
këplahisën (illative plural)
këplahëlla (adessive singular)
këplahilla (adessive plural)
këplahëlta (ablative singular)
këplahilta (ablative plural)
këplahëlën (allative singular)
këplahëlëk (allative singular)
këplahilën (allative plural)
këplahilëk (allative plural)
këplassa (essive singular)
këplahina (essive plural)
këplahëksi (singular translative)
këplahiksi (plural translative)
këplahën (instructive singular)
këplahin (instructive plural)
këplassëk (comitative singular)
këplahinëk (comitative plural)
këplahëtta (abessive singular)
këplahitta (abessive plural)

Estonian: kõblas

Võro: kõblas

Borrowed from Proto-Baltic [Term?] (whence Latvian kaplis and Lithuanian kaplys).


loiccëdak

loiccë- (stem)
loic'ën (first-person present singular)
loic'in (first-person past singular)
loiccëgon (first-person optative singular)
loic'ët (present second-person singular)
loic'it (past second-person singular)
loic'ëk (imperative second-person singular)
loiccëgos (optative second-person singular)
loiccëbi (present singular third-person)
loicci (present singular third-person)
loicci (past singular third-person)
loiccëgasën (imperative singular third-person)
loiccëgosën (optative singular third-person)
loic'ëkmëk (first-person plural present)
loic'ëkmak (first-person plural present)
loiccimëk (first-person past plural)
loiccimak (first-person past plural)
loiccëgatëmëk (first-person imperative plural)
loiccëgatamak (first-person imperative plural)
loiccëgotëmëk (first-person optative plural)
loiccëgotamak (first-person optative plural)
loic'ëktëk (plural present second-person)
loic'ëktak (plural present second-person)
loiccidëk (past plural second-person)
loiccidak (past plural second-person)
loiccëgatë (imperative plural second-person)
loiccëgata (imperative plural second-person)
loiccëgot'ëk (optative plural second-person)
loiccëgotadak (optative plural second-person)
loiccëbat (plural present third-person)
loicci (plural present third-person)
loicci (past plural third-person)
loiccëgasën (imperative plural third-person)
loiccëgosën (optative plural third-person)
loic'ëksën (passive present)
loic'ët'aksën (passive present)
loiccëdisën (passive past)
loic'ëttisën (passive past)
loiccëdakahën (imperative passive)
loic'ëttakahën (imperative passive)
loiccëdakohën (optative passive)
loic'ëttakohën (optative passive)
loic'ëk (connegative present)
loiccëgak (connegative imperative)
loiccëgok (connegative optative)
loic'ëktak (connegative passive present)
loiccëdagak (connegative imperative passive)
loic'ëttagak (connegative imperative passive)
loiccëdagok (connegative optative passive)
loic'ëttagok (connegative optative passive)
loic'ëkcin (conditional conditional-i first-person singular)
loiccicin (conditional conditional-ii first-person singular)
loiccënën (first-person potential singular)
loic'ëkcit (conditional conditional-i second-person singular)
loiccicit (conditional conditional-ii second-person singular)
loiccënët (potential second-person singular)
loic'ëkci (conditional conditional-i singular third-person)
loiccici (conditional conditional-ii singular third-person)
loiccëni (potential singular third-person)
loic'ëkcimëk (conditional conditional-i first-person plural)
loic'ëkcimak (conditional conditional-i first-person plural)
loiccicimëk (conditional conditional-ii first-person plural)
loiccicimak (conditional conditional-ii first-person plural)
loiccënëmëk (first-person plural potential)
loiccënëmak (first-person plural potential)
loic'ëkcidëk (conditional conditional-i plural second-person)
loic'ëkcidak (conditional conditional-i plural second-person)
loiccicidëk (conditional conditional-ii plural second-person)
loiccicidak (conditional conditional-ii plural second-person)
loiccënëdëk (plural potential second-person)
loiccënëdak (plural potential second-person)
loic'ëkci (conditional conditional-i plural third-person)
loiccici (conditional conditional-ii plural third-person)
loiccëni (plural potential third-person)
loiccëdakcihën (conditional conditional-i passive)
loic'ët'akcihën (conditional conditional-i passive)
loiccëdicihën (conditional conditional-ii passive)
loic'ëtticihën (conditional conditional-ii passive)
loiccëdanëhën (passive potential)
loic'ëttanëhën (passive potential)
loic'ëkcik (conditional conditional-i connegative)
loiccicik (conditional conditional-ii connegative)
loiccënëk (connegative potential)
loiccëdakcik (conditional conditional-i connegative passive)
loic'ët'akcik (conditional conditional-i connegative passive)
loiccëdicik (conditional conditional-ii connegative passive)
loic'ëtticik (conditional conditional-ii connegative passive)
loiccëdanëk (connegative passive potential)
loic'ëttanëk (connegative passive potential)
loiccëdak (conditional conditional-i infinitive infinitive-i)
loiccëba (active participle present)
loiccëdapa (participle passive present)
loic'ëttapa (participle passive present)
loiccëdë- (conditional conditional-i infinitive infinitive-ii)
loiccënut (active participle past)
loiccëdu (participle passive past)
loic'ëttu (participle passive past)
loiccëma (conditional conditional-i gerund supine)
loiccëminen (conditional conditional-i noun-from-verb)

Finnish: loitsea, loita (archaic), ⇒ loitsia, loihtia

→ Estonian: loitsima

Karelian: loittšie

Veps: loita (“to pray”)

Probably a *-icce- derivative of either *loodak (“to cast, throw”) or *loo- (“at, to”) (compare Finnish luote, derived from *loottadak, which itself perhaps from *loo-).


mendinkä(inen)

mendinkä (canonical)
inen (alternative)
mendinkäinen (nominative singular)
mendinkäicet (nominative plural)
mendinkäicen (accusative singular)
mendinkäicet (accusative plural)
mendinkäicen (genitive singular)
mendingäicten (genitive plural)
mendinkäiciden (genitive plural)
mendingäictä (partitive singular)
mendinkäicidä (partitive plural)
mendinkäicessä (inessive singular)
mendinkäicehnä (inessive singular)
mendinkäicissä (inessive plural)
mendinkäicihnä (inessive plural)
mendinkäicestä (elative singular)
mendinkäicistä (elative plural)
mendinkäicehen (illative singular)
mendinkäicihen (illative plural)
mendinkäicellä (adessive singular)
mendinkäicillä (adessive plural)
mendinkäiceltä (ablative singular)
mendinkäiciltä (ablative plural)
mendinkäicelen (allative singular)
mendinkäicelek (allative singular)
mendinkäicilen (allative plural)
mendinkäicilek (allative plural)
mendingäinnä (essive singular)
mendinkäicinä (essive plural)
mendinkäiceksi (singular translative)
mendinkäiciksi (plural translative)
mendinkäicen (instructive singular)
mendinkäicin (instructive plural)
mendingäinnek (comitative singular)
mendinkäicinek (comitative plural)
mendinkäicettä (abessive singular)
mendinkäicittä (abessive plural)

Finnish: menninkäinen

⇒? Karelian:

North Karelian: mönni

South Karelian: mönni

Borrowed from Proto-Germanic *menþingō (later *minþingō) (whence Old Norse minning (“memory, recollection, remembrance”)). It's unclear if the suffix + *-inën was already added in Proto-Finnic.


huhtodak

huhto- (stem)
huhton (first-person present singular)
huhtoin (first-person past singular)
huhtogon (first-person optative singular)
huhtot (present second-person singular)
huhtoit (past second-person singular)
huhtok (imperative second-person singular)
huhtogos (optative second-person singular)
huhtobi (present singular third-person)
huhto (present singular third-person)
huhtoi (past singular third-person)
huhtogasën (imperative singular third-person)
huhtogosën (optative singular third-person)
huhtokmëk (first-person plural present)
huhtokmak (first-person plural present)
huhtoimëk (first-person past plural)
huhtoimak (first-person past plural)
huhtogatëmëk (first-person imperative plural)
huhtogatamak (first-person imperative plural)
huhtogotëmëk (first-person optative plural)
huhtogotamak (first-person optative plural)
huhtoktëk (plural present second-person)
huhtoktak (plural present second-person)
huhtoidëk (past plural second-person)
huhtoidak (past plural second-person)
huhtogatë (imperative plural second-person)
huhtogata (imperative plural second-person)
huhtogot'ëk (optative plural second-person)
huhtogotadak (optative plural second-person)
huhtobat (plural present third-person)
huhto (plural present third-person)
huhtoi (past plural third-person)
huhtogasën (imperative plural third-person)
huhtogosën (optative plural third-person)
huhtoksën (passive present)
huhtot'aksën (passive present)
huhtodisën (passive past)
huhtottisën (passive past)
huhtodakahën (imperative passive)
huhtottakahën (imperative passive)
huhtodakohën (optative passive)
huhtottakohën (optative passive)
huhtok (connegative present)
huhtogak (connegative imperative)
huhtogok (connegative optative)
huhtoktak (connegative passive present)
huhtodagak (connegative imperative passive)
huhtottagak (connegative imperative passive)
huhtodagok (connegative optative passive)
huhtottagok (connegative optative passive)
huhtokcin (conditional conditional-i first-person singular)
huhtoicin (conditional conditional-ii first-person singular)
huhtonën (first-person potential singular)
huhtokcit (conditional conditional-i second-person singular)
huhtoicit (conditional conditional-ii second-person singular)
huhtonët (potential second-person singular)
huhtokci (conditional conditional-i singular third-person)
huhtoici (conditional conditional-ii singular third-person)
huhtoni (potential singular third-person)
huhtokcimëk (conditional conditional-i first-person plural)
huhtokcimak (conditional conditional-i first-person plural)
huhtoicimëk (conditional conditional-ii first-person plural)
huhtoicimak (conditional conditional-ii first-person plural)
huhtonëmëk (first-person plural potential)
huhtonëmak (first-person plural potential)
huhtokcidëk (conditional conditional-i plural second-person)
huhtokcidak (conditional conditional-i plural second-person)
huhtoicidëk (conditional conditional-ii plural second-person)
huhtoicidak (conditional conditional-ii plural second-person)
huhtonëdëk (plural potential second-person)
huhtonëdak (plural potential second-person)
huhtokci (conditional conditional-i plural third-person)
huhtoici (conditional conditional-ii plural third-person)
huhtoni (plural potential third-person)
huhtodakcihën (conditional conditional-i passive)
huhtot'akcihën (conditional conditional-i passive)
huhtodicihën (conditional conditional-ii passive)
huhtotticihën (conditional conditional-ii passive)
huhtodanëhën (passive potential)
huhtottanëhën (passive potential)
huhtokcik (conditional conditional-i connegative)
huhtoicik (conditional conditional-ii connegative)
huhtonëk (connegative potential)
huhtodakcik (conditional conditional-i connegative passive)
huhtot'akcik (conditional conditional-i connegative passive)
huhtodicik (conditional conditional-ii connegative passive)
huhtotticik (conditional conditional-ii connegative passive)
huhtodanëk (connegative passive potential)
huhtottanëk (connegative passive potential)
huhtodak (conditional conditional-i infinitive infinitive-i)
huhtoba (active participle present)
huhtodapa (participle passive present)
huhtottapa (participle passive present)
huhtodë- (conditional conditional-i infinitive infinitive-ii)
huhtonut (active participle past)
huhtodu (participle passive past)
huhtottu (participle passive past)
huhtoma (conditional conditional-i gerund supine)
huhtominen (conditional conditional-i noun-from-verb)

Estonian: uhtma/uhta

Finnish: huuhtoa, (dialectal) huhtoa

Ingrian: huuhtoa

Karelian:

North Karelian: huuhtuo

South Karelian: huuhtuo

Livonian: ū’dõ

Livvi: huuhtuo

Ludian: huuhtoda

Veps: huhtoida

Võro: huhtma/huhtaq, uhtma/uhtaq

Votic: uhtoa

From Proto-Finno-Permic *šukštɜ- (whence Moksha штамс (štams)).

to rinse, to wash (to move by the force of water in motion)


kohot'ak

kohoda- (stem)
kohodën (first-person present singular)
kohocin (first-person past singular)
kohotkon (first-person optative singular)
kohodët (present second-person singular)
kohocit (past second-person singular)
kohodëk (imperative second-person singular)
kohotkos (optative second-person singular)
kohodëpi (present singular third-person)
kohot (present singular third-person)
kohoci (past singular third-person)
kohotkasën (imperative singular third-person)
kohotkosën (optative singular third-person)
kohodëkmëk (first-person plural present)
kohodëkmak (first-person plural present)
kohocimëk (first-person past plural)
kohocimak (first-person past plural)
kohotkatëmëk (first-person imperative plural)
kohotkatamak (first-person imperative plural)
kohotkotëmëk (first-person optative plural)
kohotkotamak (first-person optative plural)
kohodëktëk (plural present second-person)
kohodëktak (plural present second-person)
kohocidëk (past plural second-person)
kohocidak (past plural second-person)
kohotkatë (imperative plural second-person)
kohotkata (imperative plural second-person)
kohotkot'ëk (optative plural second-person)
kohotkotadak (optative plural second-person)
kohodëbat (plural present third-person)
kohot (plural present third-person)
kohoci (past plural third-person)
kohotkasën (imperative plural third-person)
kohotkosën (optative plural third-person)
kohodëksën (passive present)
kohodët'aksën (passive present)
kohottisën (passive past)
kohodëttihën (passive past)
kohottakahën (imperative passive)
kohodëttagasën (imperative passive)
kohottakohën (optative passive)
kohodëttagosën (optative passive)
kohodëk (connegative present)
kohotkak (connegative imperative)
kohotkok (connegative optative)
kohodëktak (connegative passive present)
kohottagak (connegative imperative passive)
kohodëttagak (connegative imperative passive)
kohottagok (connegative optative passive)
kohodëttagok (connegative optative passive)
kohodëkcin (conditional conditional-i first-person singular)
kohocicin (conditional conditional-ii first-person singular)
kohonnën (first-person potential singular)
kohodëkcit (conditional conditional-i second-person singular)
kohocicit (conditional conditional-ii second-person singular)
kohonnët (potential second-person singular)
kohodëkci (conditional conditional-i singular third-person)
kohocici (conditional conditional-ii singular third-person)
kohonni (potential singular third-person)
kohodëkcimëk (conditional conditional-i first-person plural)
kohodëkcimak (conditional conditional-i first-person plural)
kohocicimëk (conditional conditional-ii first-person plural)
kohocicimak (conditional conditional-ii first-person plural)
kohonnëmëk (first-person plural potential)
kohonnëmak (first-person plural potential)
kohodëkcidëk (conditional conditional-i plural second-person)
kohodëkcidak (conditional conditional-i plural second-person)
kohocicidëk (conditional conditional-ii plural second-person)
kohocicidak (conditional conditional-ii plural second-person)
kohonnëdëk (plural potential second-person)
kohonnëdak (plural potential second-person)
kohodëkci (conditional conditional-i plural third-person)
kohocici (conditional conditional-ii plural third-person)
kohonni (plural potential third-person)
kohot'akcihën (conditional conditional-i passive)
kohodët'akcisën (conditional conditional-i passive)
kohotticihën (conditional conditional-ii passive)
kohodëtticisën (conditional conditional-ii passive)
kohottanëhën (passive potential)
kohodëttanësën (passive potential)
kohodëkcik (conditional conditional-i connegative)
kohocicik (conditional conditional-ii connegative)
kohonnëk (connegative potential)
kohot'akcik (conditional conditional-i connegative passive)
kohodët'akcik (conditional conditional-i connegative passive)
kohotticik (conditional conditional-ii connegative passive)
kohodëtticik (conditional conditional-ii connegative passive)
kohottanëk (connegative passive potential)
kohodëttanëk (connegative passive potential)
kohot'ak (conditional conditional-i infinitive infinitive-i)
kohodëpa (active participle present)
kohottapa (participle passive present)
kohodëttaba (participle passive present)
kohottë- (conditional conditional-i infinitive infinitive-ii)
kohonnut (active participle past)
kohottu (participle passive past)
kohodëttu (participle passive past)
kohodëma (conditional conditional-i gerund supine)
kohodëminen (conditional conditional-i noun-from-verb)

Estonian: kohuma/kohuda

Finnish: kohota

Ingrian: kohota

Karelian:

North Karelian: kohota

South Karelian: kohota

Livvi: kohota

Votic: kohotõ


paistëk

paistëk (nominative singular)
paistëgët (nominative plural)
paistëgën (accusative singular)
paistëgët (accusative plural)
paistëgën (genitive singular)
paistëgëdën (genitive plural)
paistëgidën (genitive plural)
paistëgëta (partitive singular)
paistëgita (partitive plural)
paistëgëssa (inessive singular)
paistëgëhna (inessive singular)
paistëgissa (inessive plural)
paistëgihna (inessive plural)
paistëgësta (elative singular)
paistëgista (elative plural)
paistëgësën (illative singular)
paistëgisën (illative plural)
paistëgëlla (adessive singular)
paistëgilla (adessive plural)
paistëgëlta (ablative singular)
paistëgilta (ablative plural)
paistëgëlën (allative singular)
paistëgëlëk (allative singular)
paistëgilën (allative plural)
paistëgilëk (allative plural)
paistëgëna (essive singular)
paistëgina (essive plural)
paistëgëksi (singular translative)
paistëgiksi (plural translative)
paistëgën (instructive singular)
paistëgin (instructive plural)
paistëgënëk (comitative singular)
paistëginëk (comitative plural)
paistëgëtta (abessive singular)
paistëgitta (abessive plural)

Estonian: paiste

Finnish: paiste

Ingrian: paisse

Karelian:

North Karelian: paisse

Võro: paistõq

Votic: paisõ


-istak

head

*-istak / *-istäk (stem *-isë- / *-ise-)

-istak / *-istäk (canonical)
-isë- / *-ise- (stem)

Estonian: -isema/-iseda

Finnish: -ista

Ingrian: -issa

Karelian: -issa

>? Livonian: -īkšõ

Ludian: -ista

Veps: -išta

Võro: -istaq, -isõma

Votic: -isõ

Probably a variant of *-it'ak (stem *-icce-).

Forms continuative or frequentative verbs, mostly from onomatopoeic stems.


-ait'ak

*-ait'ak / *-äit'äk (stem *-aida- / *-äidä-)

-ait'ak / *-äit'äk (canonical)
-aida- / *-äidä- (stem)

desc

Finnish: -ajaa (dialectal, stem -aja-, e.g. heläjää, kumajaa)

Veps: -aita

Probably a variant of *-it'ak with rebracketing/re-extraction from a-stems into the suffix. The lack of the standard labialization *-ai- > *-oi- suggests a relatively recent origin or prevention of the sound change by analogy.

Forms verbs, often continuative or frequentative, mainly from nominal stems.


-dë-

Estonian: -de-

Finnish: -e-

Ingrian: -e-

Livvi: -je-

Possibly originally a variant of the first infinitive stem *-da- (see *-dak), with a shift from unstressed *a > *e after unstressed syllables (compare e.g. *-mpi, *-in, *-pi, *-t'oin).

-të-

forms used after a consonant that blocks consonant gradation


veerdäk

veere- (stem)
veeren (first-person present singular)
veerin (first-person past singular)
veergon (first-person optative singular)
veeret (present second-person singular)
veerit (past second-person singular)
veerek (imperative second-person singular)
veergos (optative second-person singular)
veerebi (present singular third-person)
veeri (present singular third-person)
veeri (past singular third-person)
veerkähen (imperative singular third-person)
veerkohen (optative singular third-person)
veerekmek (first-person plural present)
veerekmäk (first-person plural present)
veerimek (first-person past plural)
veerimäk (first-person past plural)
veerkädemek (first-person imperative plural)
veerkädämäk (first-person imperative plural)
veerkodemek (first-person optative plural)
veerkodämäk (first-person optative plural)
veerektek (plural present second-person)
veerektäk (plural present second-person)
veeridek (past plural second-person)
veeridäk (past plural second-person)
veerkäde (imperative plural second-person)
veerkädä (imperative plural second-person)
veergot'ek (optative plural second-person)
veerkodädäk (optative plural second-person)
veerebät (plural present third-person)
veeri (plural present third-person)
veeri (past plural third-person)
veerkähen (imperative plural third-person)
veerkohen (optative plural third-person)
veereksen (passive present)
veeret'äksen (passive present)
veertihen (passive past)
veerettisen (passive past)
veertägäsen (imperative passive)
veerettäkähen (imperative passive)
veertägosen (optative passive)
veerettäkohen (optative passive)
veerek (connegative present)
veergäk (connegative imperative)
veergok (connegative optative)
veerektäk (connegative passive present)
veertägäk (connegative imperative passive)
veerettägäk (connegative imperative passive)
veertägok (connegative optative passive)
veerettägok (connegative optative passive)
veerekcin (conditional conditional-i first-person singular)
veericin (conditional conditional-ii first-person singular)
veernen (first-person potential singular)
veerekcit (conditional conditional-i second-person singular)
veericit (conditional conditional-ii second-person singular)
veernet (potential second-person singular)
veerekci (conditional conditional-i singular third-person)
veerici (conditional conditional-ii singular third-person)
veerni (potential singular third-person)
veerekcimek (conditional conditional-i first-person plural)
veerekcimäk (conditional conditional-i first-person plural)
veericimek (conditional conditional-ii first-person plural)
veericimäk (conditional conditional-ii first-person plural)
veernemek (first-person plural potential)
veernemäk (first-person plural potential)
veerekcidek (conditional conditional-i plural second-person)
veerekcidäk (conditional conditional-i plural second-person)
veericidek (conditional conditional-ii plural second-person)
veericidäk (conditional conditional-ii plural second-person)
veernedek (plural potential second-person)
veernedäk (plural potential second-person)
veerekci (conditional conditional-i plural third-person)
veerici (conditional conditional-ii plural third-person)
veerni (plural potential third-person)
veerdäkcisen (conditional conditional-i passive)
veeret'äkcihen (conditional conditional-i passive)
veerticisen (conditional conditional-ii passive)
veeretticihen (conditional conditional-ii passive)
veertänesen (passive potential)
veerettänehen (passive potential)
veerekcik (conditional conditional-i connegative)
veericik (conditional conditional-ii connegative)
veernek (connegative potential)
veerdäkcik (conditional conditional-i connegative passive)
veeret'äkcik (conditional conditional-i connegative passive)
veerticik (conditional conditional-ii connegative passive)
veeretticik (conditional conditional-ii connegative passive)
veertänek (connegative passive potential)
veerettänek (connegative passive potential)
veerdäk (conditional conditional-i infinitive infinitive-i)
veerebä (active participle present)
veertäbä (participle passive present)
veerettäpä (participle passive present)
veerte- (conditional conditional-i infinitive infinitive-ii)
veernüt (active participle past)
veertü (participle passive past)
veerettü (participle passive past)
veeremä (conditional conditional-i gerund supine)
veereminen (conditional conditional-i noun-from-verb)

Estonian: veerema/veereda

Finnish: vierrä (dialectal), ⇒ vieriä

Ingrian: veerrä

Karelian:

North Karelian: vierrä

South Karelian: vierrä

Livonian: vīerõ

Livvi: viertä

Ludian: vierdä

Veps: verda

Votic: veerre

Denominal verb of *veeri. Cognate with Proto-Samic *vierëtēk.


parat'ak

paranë- (stem)
paranën (first-person present singular)
paranin (first-person past singular)
paratkon (first-person optative singular)
paranët (present second-person singular)
paranit (past second-person singular)
paranëk (imperative second-person singular)
paratkos (optative second-person singular)
paranëpi (present singular third-person)
paran (present singular third-person)
parani (past singular third-person)
paratkasën (imperative singular third-person)
paratkosën (optative singular third-person)
paranëkmëk (first-person plural present)
paranëkmak (first-person plural present)
paranimëk (first-person past plural)
paranimak (first-person past plural)
paratkatëmëk (first-person imperative plural)
paratkatamak (first-person imperative plural)
paratkotëmëk (first-person optative plural)
paratkotamak (first-person optative plural)
paranëktëk (plural present second-person)
paranëktak (plural present second-person)
paranidëk (past plural second-person)
paranidak (past plural second-person)
paratkatë (imperative plural second-person)
paratkata (imperative plural second-person)
paratkot'ëk (optative plural second-person)
paratkotadak (optative plural second-person)
paranëbat (plural present third-person)
paran (plural present third-person)
parani (past plural third-person)
paratkasën (imperative plural third-person)
paratkosën (optative plural third-person)
paranëksën (passive present)
paranët'aksën (passive present)
parattisën (passive past)
paranëttihën (passive past)
parattakahën (imperative passive)
paranëttagasën (imperative passive)
parattakohën (optative passive)
paranëttagosën (optative passive)
paranëk (connegative present)
paratkak (connegative imperative)
paratkok (connegative optative)
paranëktak (connegative passive present)
parattagak (connegative imperative passive)
paranëttagak (connegative imperative passive)
parattagok (connegative optative passive)
paranëttagok (connegative optative passive)
paranëkcin (conditional conditional-i first-person singular)
paranicin (conditional conditional-ii first-person singular)
parannën (first-person potential singular)
paranëkcit (conditional conditional-i second-person singular)
paranicit (conditional conditional-ii second-person singular)
parannët (potential second-person singular)
paranëkci (conditional conditional-i singular third-person)
paranici (conditional conditional-ii singular third-person)
paranni (potential singular third-person)
paranëkcimëk (conditional conditional-i first-person plural)
paranëkcimak (conditional conditional-i first-person plural)
paranicimëk (conditional conditional-ii first-person plural)
paranicimak (conditional conditional-ii first-person plural)
parannëmëk (first-person plural potential)
parannëmak (first-person plural potential)
paranëkcidëk (conditional conditional-i plural second-person)
paranëkcidak (conditional conditional-i plural second-person)
paranicidëk (conditional conditional-ii plural second-person)
paranicidak (conditional conditional-ii plural second-person)
parannëdëk (plural potential second-person)
parannëdak (plural potential second-person)
paranëkci (conditional conditional-i plural third-person)
paranici (conditional conditional-ii plural third-person)
paranni (plural potential third-person)
parat'akcihën (conditional conditional-i passive)
paranët'akcisën (conditional conditional-i passive)
paratticihën (conditional conditional-ii passive)
paranëtticisën (conditional conditional-ii passive)
parattanëhën (passive potential)
paranëttanësën (passive potential)
paranëkcik (conditional conditional-i connegative)
paranicik (conditional conditional-ii connegative)
parannëk (connegative potential)
parat'akcik (conditional conditional-i connegative passive)
paranët'akcik (conditional conditional-i connegative passive)
paratticik (conditional conditional-ii connegative passive)
paranëtticik (conditional conditional-ii connegative passive)
parattanëk (connegative passive potential)
paranëttanëk (connegative passive potential)
parat'ak (conditional conditional-i infinitive infinitive-i)
paranëpa (active participle present)
parattapa (participle passive present)
paranëttaba (participle passive present)
parattë- (conditional conditional-i infinitive infinitive-ii)
parannut (active participle past)
parattu (participle passive past)
paranëttu (participle passive past)
paranëma (conditional conditional-i gerund supine)
paranëminen (conditional conditional-i noun-from-verb)

Estonian: paranema/paraneda

Finnish: parata

Ingrian: pareta

Karelian:

North Karelian: parata, pareta

South Karelian: parata, pareta

Livvi: parata

Ludian: parata

Võro: paranõma/paradaq

Votic: parõtõ

From *para- + *-t'ak. The same root appears also in *paras. Compare Northern Sami buorránit.


lubat'ak

lupada- (stem)
lupadan (first-person present singular)
lupacin (first-person past singular)
lubatkon (first-person optative singular)
lupadat (present second-person singular)
lupacit (past second-person singular)
lupadak (imperative second-person singular)
lubatkos (optative second-person singular)
lupadapi (present singular third-person)
lubat (present singular third-person)
lupaci (past singular third-person)
lubatkasën (imperative singular third-person)
lubatkosën (optative singular third-person)
lupadakmëk (first-person plural present)
lupadakmak (first-person plural present)
lupacimëk (first-person past plural)
lupacimak (first-person past plural)
lubatkatëmëk (first-person imperative plural)
lubatkatamak (first-person imperative plural)
lubatkotëmëk (first-person optative plural)
lubatkotamak (first-person optative plural)
lupadaktëk (plural present second-person)
lupadaktak (plural present second-person)
lupacidëk (past plural second-person)
lupacidak (past plural second-person)
lubatkatë (imperative plural second-person)
lubatkata (imperative plural second-person)
lubatkot'ëk (optative plural second-person)
lubatkotadak (optative plural second-person)
lupadabat (plural present third-person)
lubat (plural present third-person)
lupaci (past plural third-person)
lubatkasën (imperative plural third-person)
lubatkosën (optative plural third-person)
lupadaksën (passive present)
lupadat'aksën (passive present)
lubattisën (passive past)
lupadattihën (passive past)
lubattakahën (imperative passive)
lupadattagasën (imperative passive)
lubattakohën (optative passive)
lupadattagosën (optative passive)
lupadak (connegative present)
lubatkak (connegative imperative)
lubatkok (connegative optative)
lupadaktak (connegative passive present)
lubattagak (connegative imperative passive)
lupadattagak (connegative imperative passive)
lubattagok (connegative optative passive)
lupadattagok (connegative optative passive)
lupadakcin (conditional conditional-i first-person singular)
lupacicin (conditional conditional-ii first-person singular)
lubannën (first-person potential singular)
lupadakcit (conditional conditional-i second-person singular)
lupacicit (conditional conditional-ii second-person singular)
lubannët (potential second-person singular)
lupadakci (conditional conditional-i singular third-person)
lupacici (conditional conditional-ii singular third-person)
lubanni (potential singular third-person)
lupadakcimëk (conditional conditional-i first-person plural)
lupadakcimak (conditional conditional-i first-person plural)
lupacicimëk (conditional conditional-ii first-person plural)
lupacicimak (conditional conditional-ii first-person plural)
lubannëmëk (first-person plural potential)
lubannëmak (first-person plural potential)
lupadakcidëk (conditional conditional-i plural second-person)
lupadakcidak (conditional conditional-i plural second-person)
lupacicidëk (conditional conditional-ii plural second-person)
lupacicidak (conditional conditional-ii plural second-person)
lubannëdëk (plural potential second-person)
lubannëdak (plural potential second-person)
lupadakci (conditional conditional-i plural third-person)
lupacici (conditional conditional-ii plural third-person)
lubanni (plural potential third-person)
lubat'akcihën (conditional conditional-i passive)
lupadat'akcisën (conditional conditional-i passive)
lubatticihën (conditional conditional-ii passive)
lupadatticisën (conditional conditional-ii passive)
lubattanëhën (passive potential)
lupadattanësën (passive potential)
lupadakcik (conditional conditional-i connegative)
lupacicik (conditional conditional-ii connegative)
lubannëk (connegative potential)
lubat'akcik (conditional conditional-i connegative passive)
lupadat'akcik (conditional conditional-i connegative passive)
lubatticik (conditional conditional-ii connegative passive)
lupadatticik (conditional conditional-ii connegative passive)
lubattanëk (connegative passive potential)
lupadattanëk (connegative passive potential)
lubat'ak (conditional conditional-i infinitive infinitive-i)
lupadapa (active participle present)
lubattapa (participle passive present)
lupadattaba (participle passive present)
lubattë- (conditional conditional-i infinitive infinitive-ii)
lubannut (active participle past)
lubattu (participle passive past)
lupadattu (participle passive past)
lupadama (conditional conditional-i gerund supine)
lupadaminen (conditional conditional-i noun-from-verb)

Estonian: lubama/lubada

Finnish: luvata

Ingrian: luvata

Karelian:

North Karelian: luvata

South Karelian: luvata

Livvi: luvata

Võro: lubama/lubadaq

Votic: luvatõ


lebäit'äk

lepäidä- (stem)
lepäidän (first-person present singular)
lepäicin (first-person past singular)
lebäitkon (first-person optative singular)
lepäidät (present second-person singular)
lepäicit (past second-person singular)
lepäidäk (imperative second-person singular)
lebäitkos (optative second-person singular)
lepäidäpi (present singular third-person)
lebäit (present singular third-person)
lepäici (past singular third-person)
lebäitkäsen (imperative singular third-person)
lebäitkosen (optative singular third-person)
lepäidäkmek (first-person plural present)
lepäidäkmäk (first-person plural present)
lepäicimek (first-person past plural)
lepäicimäk (first-person past plural)
lebäitkätemek (first-person imperative plural)
lebäitkätämäk (first-person imperative plural)
lebäitkotemek (first-person optative plural)
lebäitkotämäk (first-person optative plural)
lepäidäktek (plural present second-person)
lepäidäktäk (plural present second-person)
lepäicidek (past plural second-person)
lepäicidäk (past plural second-person)
lebäitkäte (imperative plural second-person)
lebäitkätä (imperative plural second-person)
lebäitkot'ek (optative plural second-person)
lebäitkotädäk (optative plural second-person)
lepäidäbät (plural present third-person)
lebäit (plural present third-person)
lepäici (past plural third-person)
lebäitkäsen (imperative plural third-person)
lebäitkosen (optative plural third-person)
lepäidäksen (passive present)
lepäidät'äksen (passive present)
lebäittisen (passive past)
lepäidättihen (passive past)
lebäittäkähen (imperative passive)
lepäidättägäsen (imperative passive)
lebäittäkohen (optative passive)
lepäidättägosen (optative passive)
lepäidäk (connegative present)
lebäitkäk (connegative imperative)
lebäitkok (connegative optative)
lepäidäktäk (connegative passive present)
lebäittägäk (connegative imperative passive)
lepäidättägäk (connegative imperative passive)
lebäittägok (connegative optative passive)
lepäidättägok (connegative optative passive)
lepäidäkcin (conditional conditional-i first-person singular)
lepäicicin (conditional conditional-ii first-person singular)
lebäinnen (first-person potential singular)
lepäidäkcit (conditional conditional-i second-person singular)
lepäicicit (conditional conditional-ii second-person singular)
lebäinnet (potential second-person singular)
lepäidäkci (conditional conditional-i singular third-person)
lepäicici (conditional conditional-ii singular third-person)
lebäinni (potential singular third-person)
lepäidäkcimek (conditional conditional-i first-person plural)
lepäidäkcimäk (conditional conditional-i first-person plural)
lepäicicimek (conditional conditional-ii first-person plural)
lepäicicimäk (conditional conditional-ii first-person plural)
lebäinnemek (first-person plural potential)
lebäinnemäk (first-person plural potential)
lepäidäkcidek (conditional conditional-i plural second-person)
lepäidäkcidäk (conditional conditional-i plural second-person)
lepäicicidek (conditional conditional-ii plural second-person)
lepäicicidäk (conditional conditional-ii plural second-person)
lebäinnedek (plural potential second-person)
lebäinnedäk (plural potential second-person)
lepäidäkci (conditional conditional-i plural third-person)
lepäicici (conditional conditional-ii plural third-person)
lebäinni (plural potential third-person)
lebäit'äkcihen (conditional conditional-i passive)
lepäidät'äkcisen (conditional conditional-i passive)
lebäitticihen (conditional conditional-ii passive)
lepäidätticisen (conditional conditional-ii passive)
lebäittänehen (passive potential)
lepäidättänesen (passive potential)
lepäidäkcik (conditional conditional-i connegative)
lepäicicik (conditional conditional-ii connegative)
lebäinnek (connegative potential)
lebäit'äkcik (conditional conditional-i connegative passive)
lepäidät'äkcik (conditional conditional-i connegative passive)
lebäitticik (conditional conditional-ii connegative passive)
lepäidätticik (conditional conditional-ii connegative passive)
lebäittänek (connegative passive potential)
lepäidättänek (connegative passive potential)
lebäit'äk (conditional conditional-i infinitive infinitive-i)
lepäidäpä (active participle present)
lebäittäpä (participle passive present)
lepäidättäbä (participle passive present)
lebäitte- (conditional conditional-i infinitive infinitive-ii)
lebäinnüt (active participle past)
lebäittü (participle passive past)
lepäidättü (participle passive past)
lepäidämä (conditional conditional-i gerund supine)
lepäidäminen (conditional conditional-i noun-from-verb)

Estonian: lebama/ledada

Finnish: levätä

Ingrian: levätä

Karelian:

North Karelian: levätä

South Karelian: levätä

Livvi: levätä

⇒ Ludian: lebäüdüdä

⇒ Veps: lebahtada

Votic: leväte

Possibly borrowed from Proto-Germanic *slēpaną, or from Proto-Germanic [Term?] (whence Middle High German ge-liuwen (“to rest”)), + *-äit'äk.


kontidak

konti- (stem)
kondin (first-person present singular)
kontëjin (first-person past singular)
kontigon (first-person optative singular)
kondit (present second-person singular)
kontëjit (past second-person singular)
kondik (imperative second-person singular)
kontigos (optative second-person singular)
kontibi (present singular third-person)
konti (present singular third-person)
kontëji (past singular third-person)
kontigasën (imperative singular third-person)
kontigosën (optative singular third-person)
kondikmëk (first-person plural present)
kondikmak (first-person plural present)
kontëjimëk (first-person past plural)
kontëjimak (first-person past plural)
kontigatëmëk (first-person imperative plural)
kontigatamak (first-person imperative plural)
kontigotëmëk (first-person optative plural)
kontigotamak (first-person optative plural)
kondiktëk (plural present second-person)
kondiktak (plural present second-person)
kontëjidëk (past plural second-person)
kontëjidak (past plural second-person)
kontigatë (imperative plural second-person)
kontigata (imperative plural second-person)
kontigot'ëk (optative plural second-person)
kontigotadak (optative plural second-person)
kontibat (plural present third-person)
konti (plural present third-person)
kontëji (past plural third-person)
kontigasën (imperative plural third-person)
kontigosën (optative plural third-person)
kondiksën (passive present)
kondit'aksën (passive present)
kontidisën (passive past)
kondittisën (passive past)
kontidakahën (imperative passive)
kondittakahën (imperative passive)
kontidakohën (optative passive)
kondittakohën (optative passive)
kondik (connegative present)
kontigak (connegative imperative)
kontigok (connegative optative)
kondiktak (connegative passive present)
kontidagak (connegative imperative passive)
kondittagak (connegative imperative passive)
kontidagok (connegative optative passive)
kondittagok (connegative optative passive)
kondikcin (conditional conditional-i first-person singular)
kontëjicin (conditional conditional-ii first-person singular)
kontinën (first-person potential singular)
kondikcit (conditional conditional-i second-person singular)
kontëjicit (conditional conditional-ii second-person singular)
kontinët (potential second-person singular)
kondikci (conditional conditional-i singular third-person)
kontëjici (conditional conditional-ii singular third-person)
kontini (potential singular third-person)
kondikcimëk (conditional conditional-i first-person plural)
kondikcimak (conditional conditional-i first-person plural)
kontëjicimëk (conditional conditional-ii first-person plural)
kontëjicimak (conditional conditional-ii first-person plural)
kontinëmëk (first-person plural potential)
kontinëmak (first-person plural potential)
kondikcidëk (conditional conditional-i plural second-person)
kondikcidak (conditional conditional-i plural second-person)
kontëjicidëk (conditional conditional-ii plural second-person)
kontëjicidak (conditional conditional-ii plural second-person)
kontinëdëk (plural potential second-person)
kontinëdak (plural potential second-person)
kondikci (conditional conditional-i plural third-person)
kontëjici (conditional conditional-ii plural third-person)
kontini (plural potential third-person)
kontidakcihën (conditional conditional-i passive)
kondit'akcihën (conditional conditional-i passive)
kontidicihën (conditional conditional-ii passive)
konditticihën (conditional conditional-ii passive)
kontidanëhën (passive potential)
kondittanëhën (passive potential)
kondikcik (conditional conditional-i connegative)
kontëjicik (conditional conditional-ii connegative)
kontinëk (connegative potential)
kontidakcik (conditional conditional-i connegative passive)
kondit'akcik (conditional conditional-i connegative passive)
kontidicik (conditional conditional-ii connegative passive)
konditticik (conditional conditional-ii connegative passive)
kontidanëk (connegative passive potential)
kondittanëk (connegative passive potential)
kontidak (conditional conditional-i infinitive infinitive-i)
kontiba (active participle present)
kontidapa (participle passive present)
kondittapa (participle passive present)
kontidë- (conditional conditional-i infinitive infinitive-ii)
kontinut (active participle past)
kontidu (participle passive past)
kondittu (participle passive past)
kontima (conditional conditional-i gerund supine)
kontiminen (conditional conditional-i noun-from-verb)

Estonian: kõndima/kõndida

Finnish: (dialectal) kontia

Ingrian: kontia

⇒ Ludian: kontomel

Võro: kynd'ma/kyndiq


kirk'as

kirk'as (nominative singular)
kirkkahët (nominative plural)
kirkkahën (accusative singular)
kirkkahët (accusative plural)
kirkkahën (genitive singular)
kirk'astën (genitive plural)
kirkkahidën (genitive plural)
kirk'asta (partitive singular)
kirkkahita (partitive plural)
kirkkahëssa (inessive singular)
kirkkahëhna (inessive singular)
kirkkahissa (inessive plural)
kirkkahihna (inessive plural)
kirkkahësta (elative singular)
kirkkahista (elative plural)
kirkkahësën (illative singular)
kirkkahisën (illative plural)
kirkkahëlla (adessive singular)
kirkkahilla (adessive plural)
kirkkahëlta (ablative singular)
kirkkahilta (ablative plural)
kirkkahëlën (allative singular)
kirkkahëlëk (allative singular)
kirkkahilën (allative plural)
kirkkahilëk (allative plural)
kirk'assa (essive singular)
kirkkahina (essive plural)
kirkkahëksi (singular translative)
kirkkahiksi (plural translative)
kirkkahën (instructive singular)
kirkkahin (instructive plural)
kirk'assëk (comitative singular)
kirkkahinëk (comitative plural)
kirkkahëtta (abessive singular)
kirkkahitta (abessive plural)

Finnish: kirkas

→ Estonian: kirgas

→ Northern Sami: girkat

Ingrian: kirkas

Karelian:

North Karelian: kirkas

South Karelian: kirkas

Votic: tširkaz (Mati)

Unknown. Possibly from the same root as *kirkudak.


hëlppo

hëlppo (nominative singular)
hëlp'ot (nominative plural)
hëlp'on (accusative singular)
hëlp'ot (accusative plural)
hëlp'on (genitive singular)
hëlppodën (genitive plural)
hëlppoidën (genitive plural)
hëlppoda (partitive singular)
hëlppoida (partitive plural)
hëlp'ossa (inessive singular)
hëlp'ohna (inessive singular)
hëlp'oissa (inessive plural)
hëlp'oihna (inessive plural)
hëlp'osta (elative singular)
hëlp'oista (elative plural)
hëlppohën (illative singular)
hëlppoihën (illative plural)
hëlp'olla (adessive singular)
hëlp'oilla (adessive plural)
hëlp'olta (ablative singular)
hëlp'oilta (ablative plural)
hëlppolën (allative singular)
hëlppolëk (allative singular)
hëlppoilën (allative plural)
hëlppoilëk (allative plural)
hëlppona (essive singular)
hëlppoina (essive plural)
hëlp'oksi (singular translative)
hëlp'oiksi (plural translative)
hëlp'on (instructive singular)
hëlp'oin (instructive plural)
hëlpponëk (comitative singular)
hëlppoinëk (comitative plural)
hëlp'otta (abessive singular)
hëlp'oitta (abessive plural)

Estonian: hõlp

Finnish: helppo

→ Inari Sami: hiälppu

→ Northern Sami: healpu

Ingrian: helppo

Karelian:

North Karelian: helppo

South Karelian: helppo

Livvi: helpo

⇒ Ludian: helpota

Võro: hõlp