patja

patja (nominative singular)
patjat (nominative plural)
patjan (accusative singular)
patjat (accusative plural)
patjan (genitive singular)
patjadën (genitive plural)
patjoidën (genitive plural)
patjada (partitive singular)
patjoida (partitive plural)
patjassa (inessive singular)
patjahna (inessive singular)
patjoissa (inessive plural)
patjoihna (inessive plural)
patjasta (elative singular)
patjoista (elative plural)
patjahën (illative singular)
patjoihën (illative plural)
patjalla (adessive singular)
patjoilla (adessive plural)
patjalta (ablative singular)
patjoilta (ablative plural)
patjalën (allative singular)
patjalëk (allative singular)
patjoilën (allative plural)
patjoilëk (allative plural)
patjana (essive singular)
patjoina (essive plural)
patjaksi (singular translative)
patjoiksi (plural translative)
patjan (instructive singular)
patjoin (instructive plural)
patjanëk (comitative singular)
patjoinëk (comitative plural)
patjatta (abessive singular)
patjoitta (abessive plural)

Estonian: padi

Finnish: patja

Karelian: patja

Livonian: (Courland) paḑā, (Salaca) pade

Võro: padi


udar

udar (nominative singular)
utarët (nominative plural)
utarën (accusative singular)
utarët (accusative plural)
utarën (genitive singular)
udardën (genitive plural)
utaridën (genitive plural)
udarta (partitive singular)
utarita (partitive plural)
utarëssa (inessive singular)
utarëhna (inessive singular)
utarissa (inessive plural)
utarihna (inessive plural)
utarësta (elative singular)
utarista (elative plural)
utarësën (illative singular)
utarisën (illative plural)
utarëlla (adessive singular)
utarilla (adessive plural)
utarëlta (ablative singular)
utarilta (ablative plural)
utarëlën (allative singular)
utarëlëk (allative singular)
utarilën (allative plural)
utarilëk (allative plural)
udarna (essive singular)
utarina (essive plural)
utarëksi (singular translative)
utariksi (plural translative)
utarën (instructive singular)
utarin (instructive plural)
udarnëk (comitative singular)
utarinëk (comitative plural)
utarëtta (abessive singular)
utaritta (abessive plural)

Estonian: udar

Finnish: udar

Ingrian: uar

Karelian:

North Karelian: uvar

South Karelian: uvar

Livonian: udār

Livvi: uvar

Ludian: udar, udared pl

Veps: udar

Võro: utar'

Votic: utar, (Mati) uhar

Finnish: utare

Karelian:

North Karelian: utareh

South Karelian: udareh

Livvi: udareh

From Proto-Finno-Permic *utare (whence also Erzya одар (odar), Moksha одар (odar)), probably borrowed from Proto-Indo-Iranian *HúHdʰr̥ (whence Sanskrit ऊधर् (ūdhar) ), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ówHdʰr̥.


taika

taika (nominative singular)
taigat (nominative plural)
taigan (accusative singular)
taigat (accusative plural)
taigan (genitive singular)
taikadën (genitive plural)
taikoidën (genitive plural)
taikada (partitive singular)
taikoida (partitive plural)
taigassa (inessive singular)
taigahna (inessive singular)
taigoissa (inessive plural)
taigoihna (inessive plural)
taigasta (elative singular)
taigoista (elative plural)
taikahën (illative singular)
taikoihën (illative plural)
taigalla (adessive singular)
taigoilla (adessive plural)
taigalta (ablative singular)
taigoilta (ablative plural)
taikalën (allative singular)
taikalëk (allative singular)
taikoilën (allative plural)
taikoilëk (allative plural)
taikana (essive singular)
taikoina (essive plural)
taigaksi (singular translative)
taigoiksi (plural translative)
taigan (instructive singular)
taigoin (instructive plural)
taikanëk (comitative singular)
taikoinëk (comitative plural)
taigatta (abessive singular)
taigoitta (abessive plural)

Finnish: taika

→ Estonian: taig

→? Ingrian: taika

→? Karelian: taika

→? Votic: taikõ

→ Northern Sami: dáigá


olo

olo (nominative singular)
olot (nominative plural)
olon (accusative singular)
olot (accusative plural)
olon (genitive singular)
olodën (genitive plural)
oloidën (genitive plural)
oloda (partitive singular)
oloida (partitive plural)
olossa (inessive singular)
olohna (inessive singular)
oloissa (inessive plural)
oloihna (inessive plural)
olosta (elative singular)
oloista (elative plural)
olohën (illative singular)
oloihën (illative plural)
ololla (adessive singular)
oloilla (adessive plural)
ololta (ablative singular)
oloilta (ablative plural)
ololën (allative singular)
ololëk (allative singular)
oloilën (allative plural)
oloilëk (allative plural)
olona (essive singular)
oloina (essive plural)
oloksi (singular translative)
oloiksi (plural translative)
olon (instructive singular)
oloin (instructive plural)
olonëk (comitative singular)
oloinëk (comitative plural)
olotta (abessive singular)
oloitta (abessive plural)

Estonian: olu

Finnish: olo

→? Ingrian: olo

Karelian:

North Karelian: olo

South Karelian: olo

Livvi: olo

Ludian: olo


sakko

sakko (nominative singular)
sak'ot (nominative plural)
sak'on (accusative singular)
sak'ot (accusative plural)
sak'on (genitive singular)
sakkodën (genitive plural)
sakkoidën (genitive plural)
sakkoda (partitive singular)
sakkoida (partitive plural)
sak'ossa (inessive singular)
sak'ohna (inessive singular)
sak'oissa (inessive plural)
sak'oihna (inessive plural)
sak'osta (elative singular)
sak'oista (elative plural)
sakkohën (illative singular)
sakkoihën (illative plural)
sak'olla (adessive singular)
sak'oilla (adessive plural)
sak'olta (ablative singular)
sak'oilta (ablative plural)
sakkolën (allative singular)
sakkolëk (allative singular)
sakkoilën (allative plural)
sakkoilëk (allative plural)
sakkona (essive singular)
sakkoina (essive plural)
sak'oksi (singular translative)
sak'oiksi (plural translative)
sak'on (instructive singular)
sak'oin (instructive plural)
sakkonëk (comitative singular)
sakkoinëk (comitative plural)
sak'otta (abessive singular)
sak'oitta (abessive plural)

Estonian: (dialectal) sakk

Finnish: sakko

Ingrian: sakko

Karelian: sakko


ämmä

ämmä (nominative singular)
ämmät (nominative plural)
ämmän (accusative singular)
ämmät (accusative plural)
ämmän (genitive singular)
ämmäden (genitive plural)
ämmeiden (genitive plural)
ämmädä (partitive singular)
ämmeidä (partitive plural)
ämmässä (inessive singular)
ämmähnä (inessive singular)
ämmeissä (inessive plural)
ämmeihnä (inessive plural)
ämmästä (elative singular)
ämmeistä (elative plural)
ämmähen (illative singular)
ämmeihen (illative plural)
ämmällä (adessive singular)
ämmeillä (adessive plural)
ämmältä (ablative singular)
ämmeiltä (ablative plural)
ämmälen (allative singular)
ämmälek (allative singular)
ämmeilen (allative plural)
ämmeilek (allative plural)
ämmänä (essive singular)
ämmeinä (essive plural)
ämmäksi (singular translative)
ämmeiksi (plural translative)
ämmän (instructive singular)
ämmein (instructive plural)
ämmänek (comitative singular)
ämmeinek (comitative plural)
ämmättä (abessive singular)
ämmeittä (abessive plural)

Estonian: ämm

Finnish: ämmä

Ingrian: ämmä

Karelian:

North Karelian: ämmä (dialectal)

South Karelian: ämmä (dialectal)

Livonian: ǟma

Võro: ämm

Votic: ämme

Cognate with Proto-Samic [Term?], whence Northern Sami ebmui. Probably originates from baby talk.


kalma

kalma (nominative singular)
kalmat (nominative plural)
kalman (accusative singular)
kalmat (accusative plural)
kalman (genitive singular)
kalmadën (genitive plural)
kalmoidën (genitive plural)
kalmada (partitive singular)
kalmoida (partitive plural)
kalmassa (inessive singular)
kalmahna (inessive singular)
kalmoissa (inessive plural)
kalmoihna (inessive plural)
kalmasta (elative singular)
kalmoista (elative plural)
kalmahën (illative singular)
kalmoihën (illative plural)
kalmalla (adessive singular)
kalmoilla (adessive plural)
kalmalta (ablative singular)
kalmoilta (ablative plural)
kalmalën (allative singular)
kalmalëk (allative singular)
kalmoilën (allative plural)
kalmoilëk (allative plural)
kalmana (essive singular)
kalmoina (essive plural)
kalmaksi (singular translative)
kalmoiksi (plural translative)
kalman (instructive singular)
kalmoin (instructive plural)
kalmanëk (comitative singular)
kalmoinëk (comitative plural)
kalmatta (abessive singular)
kalmoitta (abessive plural)

Estonian: kalm

Finnish: kalma

Ingrian: kalmat (“cemetery”)

Karelian:

North Karelian: kalma

South Karelian: kalma

Livonian:

Courland Livonian: kālma

Vidzeme Livonian: kālme

Livvi: kalmu

Ludian: kalm

Veps: kaum, koum

Võro: kalm

Votic: kalmõ, kalmo

→ Proto-Samic: *kālmē (see there for further descendants)

Most likely from Proto-Uralic *kalma (“grave, death?”) (which would make the word a doublet with *koolëma), but compare also Proto-Germanic *kwalmaz (“killing, death”) (Proto-West Germanic *kwalm), *skalmǭ (“plague”).


rakko

rakko (nominative singular)
rak'ot (nominative plural)
rak'on (accusative singular)
rak'ot (accusative plural)
rak'on (genitive singular)
rakkodën (genitive plural)
rakkoidën (genitive plural)
rakkoda (partitive singular)
rakkoida (partitive plural)
rak'ossa (inessive singular)
rak'ohna (inessive singular)
rak'oissa (inessive plural)
rak'oihna (inessive plural)
rak'osta (elative singular)
rak'oista (elative plural)
rakkohën (illative singular)
rakkoihën (illative plural)
rak'olla (adessive singular)
rak'oilla (adessive plural)
rak'olta (ablative singular)
rak'oilta (ablative plural)
rakkolën (allative singular)
rakkolëk (allative singular)
rakkoilën (allative plural)
rakkoilëk (allative plural)
rakkona (essive singular)
rakkoina (essive plural)
rak'oksi (singular translative)
rak'oiksi (plural translative)
rak'on (instructive singular)
rak'oin (instructive plural)
rakkonëk (comitative singular)
rakkoinëk (comitative plural)
rak'otta (abessive singular)
rak'oitta (abessive plural)

Estonian: rakk

Finnish: rakko

Ingrian: rakko

Karelian: rakko

Livvi: rakko

Ludian: rakk

Võro: rakk

Votic: rakko

Unknown, but clearly related to *rokko in some way.


hämärä

From earlier *šämä, possibly borrowed from Proto-Germanic *sēmaz (whence Old Norse sámr) and extended with + *-rä.


hämärä

hämärä (nominative singular)
hämärät (nominative plural)
hämärän (accusative singular)
hämärät (accusative plural)
hämärän (genitive singular)
hämäräden (genitive plural)
hämäreiden (genitive plural)
hämärätä (partitive singular)
hämäreitä (partitive plural)
hämärässä (inessive singular)
hämärähnä (inessive singular)
hämäreissä (inessive plural)
hämäreihnä (inessive plural)
hämärästä (elative singular)
hämäreistä (elative plural)
hämäräsen (illative singular)
hämäreisen (illative plural)
hämärällä (adessive singular)
hämäreillä (adessive plural)
hämärältä (ablative singular)
hämäreiltä (ablative plural)
hämärälen (allative singular)
hämärälek (allative singular)
hämäreilen (allative plural)
hämäreilek (allative plural)
hämäränä (essive singular)
hämäreinä (essive plural)
hämäräksi (singular translative)
hämäreiksi (plural translative)
hämärän (instructive singular)
hämärein (instructive plural)
hämäränek (comitative singular)
hämäreinek (comitative plural)
hämärättä (abessive singular)
hämäreittä (abessive plural)

Estonian: hämar

Finnish: hämärä

Ingrian: hämärä

→ Votic: hämäre

Karelian:

North Karelian: hämärä

South Karelian: hämärä

Livonian: ämār

Ludian: hämär

Veps: hämär

Võro: hämmär

Votic: (Mati, Kattila) ämärä


sarka

sarka (nominative singular)
sargat (nominative plural)
sargan (accusative singular)
sargat (accusative plural)
sargan (genitive singular)
sarkadën (genitive plural)
sarkoidën (genitive plural)
sarkada (partitive singular)
sarkoida (partitive plural)
sargassa (inessive singular)
sargahna (inessive singular)
sargoissa (inessive plural)
sargoihna (inessive plural)
sargasta (elative singular)
sargoista (elative plural)
sarkahën (illative singular)
sarkoihën (illative plural)
sargalla (adessive singular)
sargoilla (adessive plural)
sargalta (ablative singular)
sargoilta (ablative plural)
sarkalën (allative singular)
sarkalëk (allative singular)
sarkoilën (allative plural)
sarkoilëk (allative plural)
sarkana (essive singular)
sarkoina (essive plural)
sargaksi (singular translative)
sargoiksi (plural translative)
sargan (instructive singular)
sargoin (instructive plural)
sarkanëk (comitative singular)
sarkoinëk (comitative plural)
sargatta (abessive singular)
sargoitta (abessive plural)

Estonian: sarg

Finnish: sarka

Ingrian: sarka

Karelian: sarka

Livvi: sargu

Veps: sarg

Votic: sarkõ

From Proto-Uralic *sarka (“branch?”). Cognates include Proto-Samic *suorkē (“branch”), Tundra Nenets [script needed] (tārka, “branch”).


kärki

kärki (nominative singular)
kärget (nominative plural)
kärgen (accusative singular)
kärget (accusative plural)
kärgen (genitive singular)
kärkeden (genitive plural)
kärkiden (genitive plural)
kärkedä (partitive singular)
kärkidä (partitive plural)
kärgessä (inessive singular)
kärgehnä (inessive singular)
kärgissä (inessive plural)
kärgihnä (inessive plural)
kärgestä (elative singular)
kärgistä (elative plural)
kärkehen (illative singular)
kärkihen (illative plural)
kärgellä (adessive singular)
kärgillä (adessive plural)
kärgeltä (ablative singular)
kärgiltä (ablative plural)
kärkelen (allative singular)
kärkelek (allative singular)
kärkilen (allative plural)
kärkilek (allative plural)
kärkenä (essive singular)
kärkinä (essive plural)
kärgeksi (singular translative)
kärgiksi (plural translative)
kärgen (instructive singular)
kärgin (instructive plural)
kärkenek (comitative singular)
kärkinek (comitative plural)
kärgettä (abessive singular)
kärgittä (abessive plural)

Finnish: (obsolete) kärki, ⇒ palokärki

Ingrian: kärki

Karelian:

North Karelian: kärki

South Karelian: kärgi

Livvi: kärgi

Ludian: kärg

Veps: kärg

Võro: kärg'

From Proto-Finno-Permic *kärke, possibly ultimately of onomatopoeic origin.


liika

From earlier *lëjka, borrowed from Proto-Baltic [Term?] (whence Latvian lieks), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *leykʷ-.


liika

liika (nominative singular)
liigat (nominative plural)
liigan (accusative singular)
liigat (accusative plural)
liigan (genitive singular)
liikadën (genitive plural)
liikoidën (genitive plural)
liikada (partitive singular)
liikoida (partitive plural)
liigassa (inessive singular)
liigahna (inessive singular)
liigoissa (inessive plural)
liigoihna (inessive plural)
liigasta (elative singular)
liigoista (elative plural)
liikahën (illative singular)
liikoihën (illative plural)
liigalla (adessive singular)
liigoilla (adessive plural)
liigalta (ablative singular)
liigoilta (ablative plural)
liikalën (allative singular)
liikalëk (allative singular)
liikoilën (allative plural)
liikoilëk (allative plural)
liikana (essive singular)
liikoina (essive plural)
liigaksi (singular translative)
liigoiksi (plural translative)
liigan (instructive singular)
liigoin (instructive plural)
liikanëk (comitative singular)
liikoinëk (comitative plural)
liigatta (abessive singular)
liigoitta (abessive plural)

Estonian: liig, ⇒ liiga

Finnish: liika

Ingrian: liika

Karelian: liika, liiga

Livvi: liigu

Ludian: liig

Veps: liig

Võro: liig

Votic: liikõ

→ Proto-Samic: *lijkē


oiva

oiva (nominative singular)
oivat (nominative plural)
oivan (accusative singular)
oivat (accusative plural)
oivan (genitive singular)
oivadën (genitive plural)
oivëidën (genitive plural)
oivada (partitive singular)
oivëida (partitive plural)
oivassa (inessive singular)
oivahna (inessive singular)
oivëissa (inessive plural)
oivëihna (inessive plural)
oivasta (elative singular)
oivëista (elative plural)
oivahën (illative singular)
oivëihën (illative plural)
oivalla (adessive singular)
oivëilla (adessive plural)
oivalta (ablative singular)
oivëilta (ablative plural)
oivalën (allative singular)
oivalëk (allative singular)
oivëilën (allative plural)
oivëilëk (allative plural)
oivana (essive singular)
oivëina (essive plural)
oivaksi (singular translative)
oivëiksi (plural translative)
oivan (instructive singular)
oivëin (instructive plural)
oivanëk (comitative singular)
oivëinëk (comitative plural)
oivatta (abessive singular)
oivëitta (abessive plural)

⇒ Estonian: õevane (< *oivainën)

Finnish: oiva

Karelian: oiva

Livvi: oiva

Probably from Proto-Uralic *ojwa (“head”).


tavi

tavi (nominative singular)
tavit (nominative plural)
tavin (accusative singular)
tavit (accusative plural)
tavin (genitive singular)
tavidën (genitive plural)
tavëjidën (genitive plural)
tavida (partitive singular)
tavëjita (partitive plural)
tavissa (inessive singular)
tavihna (inessive singular)
tavëjissa (inessive plural)
tavëjihna (inessive plural)
tavista (elative singular)
tavëjista (elative plural)
tavihën (illative singular)
tavëjisën (illative plural)
tavilla (adessive singular)
tavëjilla (adessive plural)
tavilta (ablative singular)
tavëjilta (ablative plural)
tavilën (allative singular)
tavilëk (allative singular)
tavëjilën (allative plural)
tavëjilëk (allative plural)
tavina (essive singular)
tavëjina (essive plural)
taviksi (singular translative)
tavëjiksi (plural translative)
tavin (instructive singular)
tavëjin (instructive plural)
tavinëk (comitative singular)
tavëjinëk (comitative plural)
tavitta (abessive singular)
tavëjitta (abessive plural)

Finnish: tavi

⇒ Ingrian: tavikkain

Karelian: tavi

Livvi: tavi

Ludian: tavi

Veps: tavi

(Northern Finnic) Eurasian teal (Anas crecca)


terä

terä (nominative singular)
terät (nominative plural)
terän (accusative singular)
terät (accusative plural)
terän (genitive singular)
teräden (genitive plural)
tereiden (genitive plural)
terädä (partitive singular)
tereidä (partitive plural)
terässä (inessive singular)
terähnä (inessive singular)
tereissä (inessive plural)
tereihnä (inessive plural)
terästä (elative singular)
tereistä (elative plural)
terähen (illative singular)
tereihen (illative plural)
terällä (adessive singular)
tereillä (adessive plural)
terältä (ablative singular)
tereiltä (ablative plural)
terälen (allative singular)
terälek (allative singular)
tereilen (allative plural)
tereilek (allative plural)
teränä (essive singular)
tereinä (essive plural)
teräksi (singular translative)
tereiksi (plural translative)
terän (instructive singular)
terein (instructive plural)
teränek (comitative singular)
tereinek (comitative plural)
terättä (abessive singular)
tereittä (abessive plural)

Estonian: tera

Finnish: terä

Ingrian: terä

Karelian: terä

Livonian: tierā

Livvi: terä

Ludian: t'erä

Veps: tera

Võro: terä

Votic: terä

From Proto-Finno-Permic *terä (“edge”). The word has been suggested to go back to Proto-Finno-Ugric with Hungarian tőr as a cognate, but an Iranian origin for the Hungarian word has also been suggested.


reki

reki (nominative singular)
reget (nominative plural)
regen (accusative singular)
reget (accusative plural)
regen (genitive singular)
rekeden (genitive plural)
rekiden (genitive plural)
rekedä (partitive singular)
rekidä (partitive plural)
regessä (inessive singular)
regehnä (inessive singular)
regissä (inessive plural)
regihnä (inessive plural)
regestä (elative singular)
registä (elative plural)
rekehen (illative singular)
rekihen (illative plural)
regellä (adessive singular)
regillä (adessive plural)
regeltä (ablative singular)
regiltä (ablative plural)
rekelen (allative singular)
rekelek (allative singular)
rekilen (allative plural)
rekilek (allative plural)
rekenä (essive singular)
rekinä (essive plural)
regeksi (singular translative)
regiksi (plural translative)
regen (instructive singular)
regin (instructive plural)
rekenek (comitative singular)
rekinek (comitative plural)
regettä (abessive singular)
regittä (abessive plural)

Estonian: regi

Finnish: reki

→ Inari Sami: riehâ

→ Skolt Sami: riâkk

→ Northern Sami: reahka

Ingrian: reki

Karelian: reki, regi

Livonian: re’ggõz

Livvi: regi

Ludian: regi

Veps: regi

Võro: regi

Votic: retši

Perhaps borrowed from Baltic (compare Latvian ragavas, Latgalian rogovos, Lithuanian ragės), although the vowel in the first syllable is problematic.


noita

noita (nominative singular)
noidat (nominative plural)
noidan (accusative singular)
noidat (accusative plural)
noidan (genitive singular)
noitadën (genitive plural)
noitëidën (genitive plural)
noitada (partitive singular)
noitëida (partitive plural)
noidassa (inessive singular)
noidahna (inessive singular)
noidëissa (inessive plural)
noidëihna (inessive plural)
noidasta (elative singular)
noidëista (elative plural)
noitahën (illative singular)
noitëihën (illative plural)
noidalla (adessive singular)
noidëilla (adessive plural)
noidalta (ablative singular)
noidëilta (ablative plural)
noitalën (allative singular)
noitalëk (allative singular)
noitëilën (allative plural)
noitëilëk (allative plural)
noitana (essive singular)
noitëina (essive plural)
noidaksi (singular translative)
noidëiksi (plural translative)
noidan (instructive singular)
noidëin (instructive plural)
noitanëk (comitative singular)
noitëinëk (comitative plural)
noidatta (abessive singular)
noidëitta (abessive plural)

Estonian: nõid

Finnish: noita

Ingrian: noita

Karelian:

North Karelian: noita

Ludian: noid

Veps: noid

Võro: nõid

Votic: nõitõ

From Proto-Finno-Ugric *nojta. Cognate with Proto-Samic *noajtē.


solmi

solmi (nominative singular)
solmët (nominative plural)
solmën (accusative singular)
solmët (accusative plural)
solmën (genitive singular)
solmëdën (genitive plural)
solmidën (genitive plural)
solmëda (partitive singular)
solmida (partitive plural)
solmëssa (inessive singular)
solmëhna (inessive singular)
solmissa (inessive plural)
solmihna (inessive plural)
solmësta (elative singular)
solmista (elative plural)
solmëhën (illative singular)
solmihën (illative plural)
solmëlla (adessive singular)
solmilla (adessive plural)
solmëlta (ablative singular)
solmilta (ablative plural)
solmëlën (allative singular)
solmëlëk (allative singular)
solmilën (allative plural)
solmilëk (allative plural)
solmëna (essive singular)
solmina (essive plural)
solmëksi (singular translative)
solmiksi (plural translative)
solmën (instructive singular)
solmin (instructive plural)
solmënëk (comitative singular)
solminëk (comitative plural)
solmëtta (abessive singular)
solmitta (abessive plural)

Estonian: sõlm

Finnish: solmi (dialectal)

Ingrian: solmi

Karelian: solmi

Livonian:

Courland Livonian: suoļm

Vidzeme Livonian: solme

Livvi: solmi

Veps: sol'm

Votic: sõlmi

Finnish: solmu

Votic: sõlmu

From Proto-Finno-Ugric *ćolme. Cognate with Proto-Samic *čuolmë and Hungarian csomó.


mahla

mahla (nominative singular)
mahlat (nominative plural)
mahlan (accusative singular)
mahlat (accusative plural)
mahlan (genitive singular)
mahladën (genitive plural)
mahloidën (genitive plural)
mahlada (partitive singular)
mahloida (partitive plural)
mahlassa (inessive singular)
mahlahna (inessive singular)
mahloissa (inessive plural)
mahloihna (inessive plural)
mahlasta (elative singular)
mahloista (elative plural)
mahlahën (illative singular)
mahloihën (illative plural)
mahlalla (adessive singular)
mahloilla (adessive plural)
mahlalta (ablative singular)
mahloilta (ablative plural)
mahlalën (allative singular)
mahlalëk (allative singular)
mahloilën (allative plural)
mahloilëk (allative plural)
mahlana (essive singular)
mahloina (essive plural)
mahlaksi (singular translative)
mahloiksi (plural translative)
mahlan (instructive singular)
mahloin (instructive plural)
mahlanëk (comitative singular)
mahloinëk (comitative plural)
mahlatta (abessive singular)
mahloitta (abessive plural)

Estonian: mahl

Finnish: mahla

→ Northern Sami: máihli

Ingrian: mahla

Karelian: mahla

Livvi: mahlu

Võro: mahl

Votic: mahlõ


rohto

rohto (nominative singular)
rohtot (nominative plural)
rohton (accusative singular)
rohtot (accusative plural)
rohton (genitive singular)
rohtodën (genitive plural)
rohtoidën (genitive plural)
rohtoda (partitive singular)
rohtoida (partitive plural)
rohtossa (inessive singular)
rohtohna (inessive singular)
rohtoissa (inessive plural)
rohtoihna (inessive plural)
rohtosta (elative singular)
rohtoista (elative plural)
rohtohën (illative singular)
rohtoihën (illative plural)
rohtolla (adessive singular)
rohtoilla (adessive plural)
rohtolta (ablative singular)
rohtoilta (ablative plural)
rohtolën (allative singular)
rohtolëk (allative singular)
rohtoilën (allative plural)
rohtoilëk (allative plural)
rohtona (essive singular)
rohtoina (essive plural)
rohtoksi (singular translative)
rohtoiksi (plural translative)
rohton (instructive singular)
rohtoin (instructive plural)
rohtonëk (comitative singular)
rohtoinëk (comitative plural)
rohtotta (abessive singular)
rohtoitta (abessive plural)

Estonian: roht

Finnish: rohto, (dialectal) rohtu

→ Karelian:

North Karelian: rohtu

South Karelian: rohto, rohtu

→ Livvi: rohtu

Votic: (Jõgõperä) rohto

Either derived from *rooho, or borrowed from Proto-Indo-European *ghróh₁-to- (whence Old Norse gróðr, Swedish grodd).


piikivi

Estonian: (coastal dialects) piikivi

Finnish: piikivi, pii

Ingrian: piikivi

Karelian: piikivi

Votic: (Jõgõperä, Mati) piitšivi

From *pii + *kivi. The first component is cognate at minimum to Proto-Samoyedic *pə̈j (“stone, flint”), and may be from a Proto-Uralic root *pije (“flint”). However, it is also possible that the first component is etymologically identical to *pii (“prong, tooth”), in which case the original meaning of the compound would have been "tooth-stone" rather than "flintstone".


ripsi

ripsi (nominative singular)
ripset (nominative plural)
ripsen (accusative singular)
ripset (accusative plural)
ripsen (genitive singular)
risten (genitive plural)
ripsiden (genitive plural)
ristä (partitive singular)
ripsidä (partitive plural)
ripsessä (inessive singular)
ripsehnä (inessive singular)
ripsissä (inessive plural)
ripsihnä (inessive plural)
ripsestä (elative singular)
ripsistä (elative plural)
ripsehen (illative singular)
ripsihen (illative plural)
ripsellä (adessive singular)
ripsillä (adessive plural)
ripseltä (ablative singular)
ripsiltä (ablative plural)
ripselen (allative singular)
ripselek (allative singular)
ripsilen (allative plural)
ripsilek (allative plural)
rissä (essive singular)
ripsinä (essive plural)
ripseksi (singular translative)
ripsiksi (plural translative)
ripsen (instructive singular)
ripsin (instructive plural)
rissek (comitative singular)
ripsinek (comitative plural)
ripsettä (abessive singular)
ripsittä (abessive plural)

Estonian: ⇒ ripse

Finnish: ripsi

Karelian:

North Karelian: ripsi

South Karelian: ripsi

Livonian: rips

Livvi: ripsi

Votic: ripsi

Finnish: ripsu

Ingrian: ripsu

Karelian:

North Karelian: ripšu

South Karelian: ripšu

Livvi: ripsu

Ludian: rips, ripš

Veps: rips

Cognate with Proto-Samic *rëpsë, both probably borrowed by metathesis from Proto-Germanic *hrispō (whence Swedish risp (“oat panicle”)).


urpa

urpa (nominative singular)
urbat (nominative plural)
urban (accusative singular)
urbat (accusative plural)
urban (genitive singular)
urpadën (genitive plural)
urpëidën (genitive plural)
urpada (partitive singular)
urpëida (partitive plural)
urbassa (inessive singular)
urbahna (inessive singular)
urbëissa (inessive plural)
urbëihna (inessive plural)
urbasta (elative singular)
urbëista (elative plural)
urpahën (illative singular)
urpëihën (illative plural)
urballa (adessive singular)
urbëilla (adessive plural)
urbalta (ablative singular)
urbëilta (ablative plural)
urpalën (allative singular)
urpalëk (allative singular)
urpëilën (allative plural)
urpëilëk (allative plural)
urpana (essive singular)
urpëina (essive plural)
urbaksi (singular translative)
urbëiksi (plural translative)
urban (instructive singular)
urbëin (instructive plural)
urpanëk (comitative singular)
urpëinëk (comitative plural)
urbatta (abessive singular)
urbëitta (abessive plural)

Estonian: urb

Finnish: urpu, urpa

Ingrian: urpa

Karelian: urpa, urba

Livvi: urbu, urvu

Ludian: urb

Veps: urb

Võro: urb

Votic: urpõ

→ Proto-Samic: *urpē


rähmä

rähmä (nominative singular)
rähmät (nominative plural)
rähmän (accusative singular)
rähmät (accusative plural)
rähmän (genitive singular)
rähmäden (genitive plural)
rähmeiden (genitive plural)
rähmädä (partitive singular)
rähmeidä (partitive plural)
rähmässä (inessive singular)
rähmähnä (inessive singular)
rähmeissä (inessive plural)
rähmeihnä (inessive plural)
rähmästä (elative singular)
rähmeistä (elative plural)
rähmähen (illative singular)
rähmeihen (illative plural)
rähmällä (adessive singular)
rähmeillä (adessive plural)
rähmältä (ablative singular)
rähmeiltä (ablative plural)
rähmälen (allative singular)
rähmälek (allative singular)
rähmeilen (allative plural)
rähmeilek (allative plural)
rähmänä (essive singular)
rähmeinä (essive plural)
rähmäksi (singular translative)
rähmeiksi (plural translative)
rähmän (instructive singular)
rähmein (instructive plural)
rähmänek (comitative singular)
rähmeinek (comitative plural)
rähmättä (abessive singular)
rähmeittä (abessive plural)

Estonian: rähm

Finnish: rähmä

⇒ Ingrian: räämy (possibly borrowed)

Karelian: rähmä

Livvi: rähmy

⇒ Ludian: riäžme

rheum, sleep (substance found in the corner of the eye)


taimi

taimi (nominative singular)
taimët (nominative plural)
taimën (accusative singular)
taimët (accusative plural)
taimën (genitive singular)
taindën (genitive plural)
taimidën (genitive plural)
tainta (partitive singular)
taimida (partitive plural)
taimëssa (inessive singular)
taimëhna (inessive singular)
taimissa (inessive plural)
taimihna (inessive plural)
taimësta (elative singular)
taimista (elative plural)
taimëhën (illative singular)
taimihën (illative plural)
taimëlla (adessive singular)
taimilla (adessive plural)
taimëlta (ablative singular)
taimilta (ablative plural)
taimëlën (allative singular)
taimëlëk (allative singular)
taimilën (allative plural)
taimilëk (allative plural)
taimëna (essive singular)
taimina (essive plural)
taimëksi (singular translative)
taimiksi (plural translative)
taimën (instructive singular)
taimin (instructive plural)
taimënëk (comitative singular)
taiminëk (comitative plural)
taimëtta (abessive singular)
taimitta (abessive plural)

Estonian: taim

Finnish: taimi

Ingrian: taimi

Karelian:

North Karelian: taimen

South Karelian: taimi, taimen

Livonian: taim

Livvi: taimi, taimen

Ludian: taimen

Veps: taimen

Votic: taimi

Probably from the same root as *taipudak.


taimi

Estonian: taim

Finnish: taimen

Karelian:

North Karelian: taimen

Livonian: (Salaca) taimin

→ Latvian: taimiņš

desctree

→ Old Novgorodian: таимень (taimenĭ)
→ Middle Russian: таймень (tajmenʹ)
Russian: тайме́нь (tajménʹ, “taimen”); таймин (tajmin), тальмень (talʹmenʹ) (dialectal)
→ Belarusian: тайме́нь (tajmjénʹ)
→ Bulgarian: таймен (tajmen)
→ English: taimen
→ Kazakh: таймен (taimen)
→ Ukrainian: тайме́нь (tajménʹ)

→ Swedish: tajmen


loppa

loppa (nominative singular)
lop'at (nominative plural)
lop'an (accusative singular)
lop'at (accusative plural)
lop'an (genitive singular)
loppadën (genitive plural)
loppëidën (genitive plural)
loppada (partitive singular)
loppëida (partitive plural)
lop'assa (inessive singular)
lop'ahna (inessive singular)
lop'ëissa (inessive plural)
lop'ëihna (inessive plural)
lop'asta (elative singular)
lop'ëista (elative plural)
loppahën (illative singular)
loppëihën (illative plural)
lop'alla (adessive singular)
lop'ëilla (adessive plural)
lop'alta (ablative singular)
lop'ëilta (ablative plural)
loppalën (allative singular)
loppalëk (allative singular)
loppëilën (allative plural)
loppëilëk (allative plural)
loppana (essive singular)
loppëina (essive plural)
lop'aksi (singular translative)
lop'ëiksi (plural translative)
lop'an (instructive singular)
lop'ëin (instructive plural)
loppanëk (comitative singular)
loppëinëk (comitative plural)
lop'atta (abessive singular)
lop'ëitta (abessive plural)

Estonian: (dialectal) lopp

desc

Finnish: (dialectal, rare) loppa, ⇒ lopakka, lopakko, lopaska

Võro: l'opp


ukko

ukko (nominative singular)
uk'ot (nominative plural)
uk'on (accusative singular)
uk'ot (accusative plural)
uk'on (genitive singular)
ukkodën (genitive plural)
ukkoidën (genitive plural)
ukkoda (partitive singular)
ukkoida (partitive plural)
uk'ossa (inessive singular)
uk'ohna (inessive singular)
uk'oissa (inessive plural)
uk'oihna (inessive plural)
uk'osta (elative singular)
uk'oista (elative plural)
ukkohën (illative singular)
ukkoihën (illative plural)
uk'olla (adessive singular)
uk'oilla (adessive plural)
uk'olta (ablative singular)
uk'oilta (ablative plural)
ukkolën (allative singular)
ukkolëk (allative singular)
ukkoilën (allative plural)
ukkoilëk (allative plural)
ukkona (essive singular)
ukkoina (essive plural)
uk'oksi (singular translative)
uk'oiksi (plural translative)
uk'on (instructive singular)
uk'oin (instructive plural)
ukkonëk (comitative singular)
ukkoinëk (comitative plural)
uk'otta (abessive singular)
uk'oitta (abessive plural)

Estonian: Uku, (dialectal) ukk

Finnish: ukko, Ukko

Ingrian: ukko

Karelian: ukko

Livvi: ukko

Ludian: ukk

Veps: uk

Votic: ukko


rahvas

rahvas (nominative singular)
rahvahët (nominative plural)
rahvahën (accusative singular)
rahvahët (accusative plural)
rahvahën (genitive singular)
rahvastën (genitive plural)
rahvahidën (genitive plural)
rahvasta (partitive singular)
rahvahita (partitive plural)
rahvahëssa (inessive singular)
rahvahëhna (inessive singular)
rahvahissa (inessive plural)
rahvahihna (inessive plural)
rahvahësta (elative singular)
rahvahista (elative plural)
rahvahësën (illative singular)
rahvahisën (illative plural)
rahvahëlla (adessive singular)
rahvahilla (adessive plural)
rahvahëlta (ablative singular)
rahvahilta (ablative plural)
rahvahëlën (allative singular)
rahvahëlëk (allative singular)
rahvahilën (allative plural)
rahvahilëk (allative plural)
rahvassa (essive singular)
rahvahina (essive plural)
rahvahëksi (singular translative)
rahvahiksi (plural translative)
rahvahën (instructive singular)
rahvahin (instructive plural)
rahvassëk (comitative singular)
rahvahinëk (comitative plural)
rahvahëtta (abessive singular)
rahvahitta (abessive plural)

Estonian: rahvas

Finnish: rahvas

Ingrian: rahvas

Karelian: rahvas

Livonian: ro'už

Livvi: rahvas

Ludian: rahvaz

Veps: rahvaz

Võro: rahvas

Votic: rahvõz

→ Latvian: ravasts

Borrowed from Proto-Germanic *þrawwaz (“full-grown”). Doublet of *raavas.

, *väki


parvi

parvi (nominative singular)
parvët (nominative plural)
parvën (accusative singular)
parvët (accusative plural)
parvën (genitive singular)
parvëdën (genitive plural)
parvidën (genitive plural)
parvëda (partitive singular)
parvida (partitive plural)
parvëssa (inessive singular)
parvëhna (inessive singular)
parvissa (inessive plural)
parvihna (inessive plural)
parvësta (elative singular)
parvista (elative plural)
parvëhën (illative singular)
parvihën (illative plural)
parvëlla (adessive singular)
parvilla (adessive plural)
parvëlta (ablative singular)
parvilta (ablative plural)
parvëlën (allative singular)
parvëlëk (allative singular)
parvilën (allative plural)
parvilëk (allative plural)
parvëna (essive singular)
parvina (essive plural)
parvëksi (singular translative)
parviksi (plural translative)
parvën (instructive singular)
parvin (instructive plural)
parvënëk (comitative singular)
parvinëk (comitative plural)
parvëtta (abessive singular)
parvitta (abessive plural)

Estonian: parv

Finnish: parvi

Ingrian: parvi

Karelian:

North Karelian: parvi

South Karelian: parvi

Livvi: parvi

⇒ Veps: parveh

Võro: parv'

Votic: parvi


parvi

Estonian: parv

Finnish: parvi

Ingrian: parvi

Võro: parv'

Votic: parvi

Probably from Etymology 1, perhaps originally in the sense "group of logs joined together". Cognates include Proto-Samic *poarēvē (“raft”), Northern Khanty пөр (pør, “raft”) and Tundra Nenets [script needed] (pārī).


vihta

vihta (nominative singular)
vihtat (nominative plural)
vihtan (accusative singular)
vihtat (accusative plural)
vihtan (genitive singular)
vihtadën (genitive plural)
vihtoidën (genitive plural)
vihtada (partitive singular)
vihtoida (partitive plural)
vihtassa (inessive singular)
vihtahna (inessive singular)
vihtoissa (inessive plural)
vihtoihna (inessive plural)
vihtasta (elative singular)
vihtoista (elative plural)
vihtahën (illative singular)
vihtoihën (illative plural)
vihtalla (adessive singular)
vihtoilla (adessive plural)
vihtalta (ablative singular)
vihtoilta (ablative plural)
vihtalën (allative singular)
vihtalëk (allative singular)
vihtoilën (allative plural)
vihtoilëk (allative plural)
vihtana (essive singular)
vihtoina (essive plural)
vihtaksi (singular translative)
vihtoiksi (plural translative)
vihtan (instructive singular)
vihtoin (instructive plural)
vihtanëk (comitative singular)
vihtoinëk (comitative plural)
vihtatta (abessive singular)
vihtoitta (abessive plural)

Estonian: viht

Finnish: vihta

Võro: viht

Votic: vihtõ
→ Ingrian: vihta


aitta

aitta (nominative singular)
ait'at (nominative plural)
ait'an (accusative singular)
ait'at (accusative plural)
ait'an (genitive singular)
aittadën (genitive plural)
aittoidën (genitive plural)
aittada (partitive singular)
aittoida (partitive plural)
ait'assa (inessive singular)
ait'ahna (inessive singular)
ait'oissa (inessive plural)
ait'oihna (inessive plural)
ait'asta (elative singular)
ait'oista (elative plural)
aittahën (illative singular)
aittoihën (illative plural)
ait'alla (adessive singular)
ait'oilla (adessive plural)
ait'alta (ablative singular)
ait'oilta (ablative plural)
aittalën (allative singular)
aittalëk (allative singular)
aittoilën (allative plural)
aittoilëk (allative plural)
aittana (essive singular)
aittoina (essive plural)
ait'aksi (singular translative)
ait'oiksi (plural translative)
ait'an (instructive singular)
ait'oin (instructive plural)
aittanëk (comitative singular)
aittoinëk (comitative plural)
ait'atta (abessive singular)
ait'oitta (abessive plural)

Estonian: ait

Finnish: aitta

Ingrian: aitta

→? Votic: aittõ

Karelian:

North Karelian: aitta

South Karelian: aitta

Livonian: āita

Livvi: aittu

Ludian: ait

Veps: ait

Võro: ait

→ Proto-Samic: *ājttē

Probably *ajadak + *-tta (*ajëtta, with a similar change of medial *ajeC > *aiC like in *aisa, *kaikki and possibly *aika), in the sense "a place that is driven full, filled".
A proposal connecting this with a hypothetical Proto-Slavic *aitā (compare Polish jata (“shed, granary”), Czech jata, Bulgarian ятка (jatka)) appears unlikely. These words go back to a Proto-Slavic *jata, which ESSJa rejects going back to an older *aita- or *oito-, also arguing that the word more likely originally meant "flock, herd".


rauna

rauna (nominative singular)
raunat (nominative plural)
raunan (accusative singular)
raunat (accusative plural)
raunan (genitive singular)
raunadën (genitive plural)
raunëidën (genitive plural)
raunada (partitive singular)
raunëida (partitive plural)
raunassa (inessive singular)
raunahna (inessive singular)
raunëissa (inessive plural)
raunëihna (inessive plural)
raunasta (elative singular)
raunëista (elative plural)
raunahën (illative singular)
raunëihën (illative plural)
raunalla (adessive singular)
raunëilla (adessive plural)
raunalta (ablative singular)
raunëilta (ablative plural)
raunalën (allative singular)
raunalëk (allative singular)
raunëilën (allative plural)
raunëilëk (allative plural)
raunana (essive singular)
raunëina (essive plural)
raunaksi (singular translative)
raunëiksi (plural translative)
raunan (instructive singular)
raunëin (instructive plural)
raunanëk (comitative singular)
raunëinëk (comitative plural)
raunatta (abessive singular)
raunëitta (abessive plural)

Estonian: raun

Finnish: (dialectal) rauna

Finnish: raunio

Ingrian: raunio

Karelian:

North Karelian: raunivo

→ Russian: (dialectal) [script needed] (róvnica)

Votic: raunio

Borrowed from Proto-Norse [script needed] (*hrauna), from Proto-Germanic [Term?] (whence Icelandic hraun, Danish røn).


avanto

avanto (nominative singular)
avandot (nominative plural)
avandon (accusative singular)
avandot (accusative plural)
avandon (genitive singular)
avantodën (genitive plural)
avantoidën (genitive plural)
avantota (partitive singular)
avantoita (partitive plural)
avandossa (inessive singular)
avandohna (inessive singular)
avandoissa (inessive plural)
avandoihna (inessive plural)
avandosta (elative singular)
avandoista (elative plural)
avantosën (illative singular)
avantoisën (illative plural)
avandolla (adessive singular)
avandoilla (adessive plural)
avandolta (ablative singular)
avandoilta (ablative plural)
avantolën (allative singular)
avantolëk (allative singular)
avantoilën (allative plural)
avantoilëk (allative plural)
avantona (essive singular)
avantoina (essive plural)
avandoksi (singular translative)
avandoiksi (plural translative)
avandon (instructive singular)
avandoin (instructive plural)
avantonëk (comitative singular)
avantoinëk (comitative plural)
avandotta (abessive singular)
avandoitta (abessive plural)

Estonian: (dialectal) avand, avandus

Finnish: avanto

Ingrian: avanto

Karelian:

North Karelian: avanto

South Karelian: avando

Livonian:

Kurzeme Livonian: ovāt (“spring, hole in the ice”)

Vidzeme Livonian: avat (“spring”)

→? Latvian: avots (“spring”)

→? Latgalian: olūts (“spring”)

Livvi: avando

Votic: avanto, avato


hanki

hanki (nominative singular)
hangët (nominative plural)
hangën (accusative singular)
hangët (accusative plural)
hangën (genitive singular)
hankëdën (genitive plural)
hankidën (genitive plural)
hankëda (partitive singular)
hankida (partitive plural)
hangëssa (inessive singular)
hangëhna (inessive singular)
hangissa (inessive plural)
hangihna (inessive plural)
hangësta (elative singular)
hangista (elative plural)
hankëhën (illative singular)
hankihën (illative plural)
hangëlla (adessive singular)
hangilla (adessive plural)
hangëlta (ablative singular)
hangilta (ablative plural)
hankëlën (allative singular)
hankëlëk (allative singular)
hankilën (allative plural)
hankilëk (allative plural)
hankëna (essive singular)
hankina (essive plural)
hangëksi (singular translative)
hangiksi (plural translative)
hangën (instructive singular)
hangin (instructive plural)
hankënëk (comitative singular)
hankinëk (comitative plural)
hangëtta (abessive singular)
hangitta (abessive plural)

Estonian: hang

Finnish: hanki

Ingrian: hanki

→ Votic: hanki

Karelian: hanki, hangi

Livonian: ang

Livvi: hangi

Ludian: hang

Veps: hang

Võro: hang'

Votic: (Mati, Pummala) antši

Unknown. Has previously been compared to Northern Sami cuoŋo.


vaiva

vaiva (nominative singular)
vaivat (nominative plural)
vaivan (accusative singular)
vaivat (accusative plural)
vaivan (genitive singular)
vaivadën (genitive plural)
vaivoidën (genitive plural)
vaivada (partitive singular)
vaivoida (partitive plural)
vaivassa (inessive singular)
vaivahna (inessive singular)
vaivoissa (inessive plural)
vaivoihna (inessive plural)
vaivasta (elative singular)
vaivoista (elative plural)
vaivahën (illative singular)
vaivoihën (illative plural)
vaivalla (adessive singular)
vaivoilla (adessive plural)
vaivalta (ablative singular)
vaivoilta (ablative plural)
vaivalën (allative singular)
vaivalëk (allative singular)
vaivoilën (allative plural)
vaivoilëk (allative plural)
vaivana (essive singular)
vaivoina (essive plural)
vaivaksi (singular translative)
vaivoiksi (plural translative)
vaivan (instructive singular)
vaivoin (instructive plural)
vaivanëk (comitative singular)
vaivoinëk (comitative plural)
vaivatta (abessive singular)
vaivoitta (abessive plural)

Estonian: vaev

Finnish: vaiva

Ingrian: vaiva

Karelian: vaiva

Livonian: vǭja

Livvi: vaivu

Ludian: vaive

Veps: vaiv

Võro: vaiv

Votic: vaivõ

→ Proto-Samic: *vājvē

Borrowed from Proto-Germanic *waiwō, compare Proto-Germanic *waiwô.


nisä

nisä (nominative singular)
nisät (nominative plural)
nisän (accusative singular)
nisät (accusative plural)
nisän (genitive singular)
nisäden (genitive plural)
niseiden (genitive plural)
nisädä (partitive singular)
niseidä (partitive plural)
nisässä (inessive singular)
nisähnä (inessive singular)
niseissä (inessive plural)
niseihnä (inessive plural)
nisästä (elative singular)
niseistä (elative plural)
nisähen (illative singular)
niseihen (illative plural)
nisällä (adessive singular)
niseillä (adessive plural)
nisältä (ablative singular)
niseiltä (ablative plural)
nisälen (allative singular)
nisälek (allative singular)
niseilen (allative plural)
niseilek (allative plural)
nisänä (essive singular)
niseinä (essive plural)
nisäksi (singular translative)
niseiksi (plural translative)
nisän (instructive singular)
nisein (instructive plural)
nisänek (comitative singular)
niseinek (comitative plural)
nisättä (abessive singular)
niseittä (abessive plural)

Estonian: nisa

Finnish: nisä

Veps: niža

Võro: nisa

Votic: (Kattila) nisä

Possibly from Proto-Uralic *ńimśä. Cognate with Proto-Samic *ńińčē.


havu

havu (nominative singular)
havut (nominative plural)
havun (accusative singular)
havut (accusative plural)
havun (genitive singular)
havudën (genitive plural)
havuidën (genitive plural)
havuda (partitive singular)
havuida (partitive plural)
havussa (inessive singular)
havuhna (inessive singular)
havuissa (inessive plural)
havuihna (inessive plural)
havusta (elative singular)
havuista (elative plural)
havuhën (illative singular)
havuihën (illative plural)
havulla (adessive singular)
havuilla (adessive plural)
havulta (ablative singular)
havuilta (ablative plural)
havulën (allative singular)
havulëk (allative singular)
havuilën (allative plural)
havuilëk (allative plural)
havuna (essive singular)
havuina (essive plural)
havuksi (singular translative)
havuiksi (plural translative)
havun (instructive singular)
havuin (instructive plural)
havunëk (comitative singular)
havuinëk (comitative plural)
havutta (abessive singular)
havuitta (abessive plural)

Finnish: havu

Ingrian: havu

Karelian:

North Karelian: havu

South Karelian: havu

Livonian: o’v

Livvi: havu

Votic: avu

Estonian: (dialectal) ⇒ hapus

Ludian: habu

Veps: habu

Unknown. Borrowing from Proto-Baltic [Term?] (whence Lithuanian žabas, žaba) is now considered unlikely.


valmis

valmis (nominative singular)
valmihët (nominative plural)
valmihën (accusative singular)
valmihët (accusative plural)
valmihën (genitive singular)
valmistën (genitive plural)
valmihidën (genitive plural)
valmista (partitive singular)
valmihita (partitive plural)
valmihëssa (inessive singular)
valmihëhna (inessive singular)
valmihissa (inessive plural)
valmihihna (inessive plural)
valmihësta (elative singular)
valmihista (elative plural)
valmihësën (illative singular)
valmihisën (illative plural)
valmihëlla (adessive singular)
valmihilla (adessive plural)
valmihëlta (ablative singular)
valmihilta (ablative plural)
valmihëlën (allative singular)
valmihëlëk (allative singular)
valmihilën (allative plural)
valmihilëk (allative plural)
valmissa (essive singular)
valmihina (essive plural)
valmihëksi (singular translative)
valmihiksi (plural translative)
valmihën (instructive singular)
valmihin (instructive plural)
valmissëk (comitative singular)
valmihinëk (comitative plural)
valmihëtta (abessive singular)
valmihitta (abessive plural)

Estonian: valmis

Finnish: valmis

Ingrian: valmis

Karelian: valmis

Livonian: vaļmõz

Livvi: valmiš

Ludian: valmiž

Veps: vaumiž

Võro: valmis

Votic: valmiz


rako

rako (nominative singular)
ragot (nominative plural)
ragon (accusative singular)
ragot (accusative plural)
ragon (genitive singular)
rakodën (genitive plural)
rakoidën (genitive plural)
rakoda (partitive singular)
rakoida (partitive plural)
ragossa (inessive singular)
ragohna (inessive singular)
ragoissa (inessive plural)
ragoihna (inessive plural)
ragosta (elative singular)
ragoista (elative plural)
rakohën (illative singular)
rakoihën (illative plural)
ragolla (adessive singular)
ragoilla (adessive plural)
ragolta (ablative singular)
ragoilta (ablative plural)
rakolën (allative singular)
rakolëk (allative singular)
rakoilën (allative plural)
rakoilëk (allative plural)
rakona (essive singular)
rakoina (essive plural)
ragoksi (singular translative)
ragoiksi (plural translative)
ragon (instructive singular)
ragoin (instructive plural)
rakonëk (comitative singular)
rakoinëk (comitative plural)
ragotta (abessive singular)
ragoitta (abessive plural)

Estonian: pragu, (dialectal) ragu

Finnish: rako

→ Northern Sami: ráhku

Ingrian: rako

Karelian:

North Karelian: rako

South Karelian: rago

Livvi: rago

Votic: rako

Borrowed from Proto-Baltic [Term?] (whence Latvian spraga and Lithuanian spraga).


sija

sija (nominative singular)
sijat (nominative plural)
sijan (accusative singular)
sijat (accusative plural)
sijan (genitive singular)
sijadën (genitive plural)
sijoidën (genitive plural)
sijada (partitive singular)
sijoida (partitive plural)
sijassa (inessive singular)
sijahna (inessive singular)
sijoissa (inessive plural)
sijoihna (inessive plural)
sijasta (elative singular)
sijoista (elative plural)
sijahën (illative singular)
sijoihën (illative plural)
sijalla (adessive singular)
sijoilla (adessive plural)
sijalta (ablative singular)
sijoilta (ablative plural)
sijalën (allative singular)
sijalëk (allative singular)
sijoilën (allative plural)
sijoilëk (allative plural)
sijana (essive singular)
sijoina (essive plural)
sijaksi (singular translative)
sijoiksi (plural translative)
sijan (instructive singular)
sijoin (instructive plural)
sijanëk (comitative singular)
sijoinëk (comitative plural)
sijatta (abessive singular)
sijoitta (abessive plural)

Finnish: sija

Ingrian: siha, sija

Karelian: sija, šija

Livvi: sija

Ludian: šija

Veps: sija

Votic: siha

Cognate with Proto-Samic *sëjē, both borrowed from Proto-Germanic *stiją (whence English sty).


uksi

uksi (nominative singular)
uksët (nominative plural)
uksën (accusative singular)
uksët (accusative plural)
uksën (genitive singular)
ustën (genitive plural)
uksidën (genitive plural)
usta (partitive singular)
uksida (partitive plural)
uksëssa (inessive singular)
uksëhna (inessive singular)
uksissa (inessive plural)
uksihna (inessive plural)
uksësta (elative singular)
uksista (elative plural)
uksëhën (illative singular)
uksihën (illative plural)
uksëlla (adessive singular)
uksilla (adessive plural)
uksëlta (ablative singular)
uksilta (ablative plural)
uksëlën (allative singular)
uksëlëk (allative singular)
uksilën (allative plural)
uksilëk (allative plural)
ussa (essive singular)
uksina (essive plural)
uksëksi (singular translative)
uksiksi (plural translative)
uksën (instructive singular)
uksin (instructive plural)
ussëk (comitative singular)
uksinëk (comitative plural)
uksëtta (abessive singular)
uksitta (abessive plural)

Estonian: uks

Finnish: uksi

Ingrian: uksi, uks

Karelian: uksi, ukši

Livonian: ukš

Livvi: uksi

Ludian: ukš

Veps: uks'

Võro: uss'

Votic: uhsi

Akin to Proto-Samic *uksë (“door”). Possibly of Baltic origin; cf. Lithuanian uoksas (“hole”), in which case the Sami word may be early loan from Finnic. Udmurt ӧс (ös, “door”), Komi-Permyak ӧдзӧс (ödźös, “door”) and Komi-Zyrian ыбӧс (ybös, “door”) may also be related in some fashion, although no Uralic root can be set up.


vako

vako (nominative singular)
vagot (nominative plural)
vagon (accusative singular)
vagot (accusative plural)
vagon (genitive singular)
vakodën (genitive plural)
vakoidën (genitive plural)
vakoda (partitive singular)
vakoida (partitive plural)
vagossa (inessive singular)
vagohna (inessive singular)
vagoissa (inessive plural)
vagoihna (inessive plural)
vagosta (elative singular)
vagoista (elative plural)
vakohën (illative singular)
vakoihën (illative plural)
vagolla (adessive singular)
vagoilla (adessive plural)
vagolta (ablative singular)
vagoilta (ablative plural)
vakolën (allative singular)
vakolëk (allative singular)
vakoilën (allative plural)
vakoilëk (allative plural)
vakona (essive singular)
vakoina (essive plural)
vagoksi (singular translative)
vagoiksi (plural translative)
vagon (instructive singular)
vagoin (instructive plural)
vakonëk (comitative singular)
vakoinëk (comitative plural)
vagotta (abessive singular)
vagoitta (abessive plural)

Estonian: vagu

Finnish: vako

Ingrian: vako

Karelian:

North Karelian: vako

South Karelian: vago

Livonian: (Courland) va'g, (Salaca) vag

Livvi: vago

Ludian: vago

Veps: vago

Võro: vago

Votic: vako

Borrowed from Proto-Baltic [Term?] (whence Latvian vaga (“furrow”), Lithuanian vaga (“furrow”)).


vähä

From Proto-Finno-Permic *wäšä. Cognate with Erzya вишка (viška), веженсь (veženś).


vähä

vähä (nominative singular)
vähät (nominative plural)
vähän (accusative singular)
vähät (accusative plural)
vähän (genitive singular)
vähäden (genitive plural)
väheiden (genitive plural)
vähädä (partitive singular)
väheidä (partitive plural)
vähässä (inessive singular)
vähähnä (inessive singular)
väheissä (inessive plural)
väheihnä (inessive plural)
vähästä (elative singular)
väheistä (elative plural)
vähähen (illative singular)
väheihen (illative plural)
vähällä (adessive singular)
väheillä (adessive plural)
vähältä (ablative singular)
väheiltä (ablative plural)
vähälen (allative singular)
vähälek (allative singular)
väheilen (allative plural)
väheilek (allative plural)
vähänä (essive singular)
väheinä (essive plural)
vähäksi (singular translative)
väheiksi (plural translative)
vähän (instructive singular)
vähein (instructive plural)
vähänek (comitative singular)
väheinek (comitative plural)
vähättä (abessive singular)
väheittä (abessive plural)

Estonian: vähe

Finnish: vähä

→ Northern Sami: veahá

Ingrian: vähä

Karelian: vähä

Livvi: vähä

Ludian: vähä

Veps: vähä

Võro: vähä

Votic: vähä


kamara

kamara (nominative singular)
kamarat (nominative plural)
kamaran (accusative singular)
kamarat (accusative plural)
kamaran (genitive singular)
kamaradën (genitive plural)
kamaroidën (genitive plural)
kamarata (partitive singular)
kamaroita (partitive plural)
kamarassa (inessive singular)
kamarahna (inessive singular)
kamaroissa (inessive plural)
kamaroihna (inessive plural)
kamarasta (elative singular)
kamaroista (elative plural)
kamarasën (illative singular)
kamaroisën (illative plural)
kamaralla (adessive singular)
kamaroilla (adessive plural)
kamaralta (ablative singular)
kamaroilta (ablative plural)
kamaralën (allative singular)
kamaralëk (allative singular)
kamaroilën (allative plural)
kamaroilëk (allative plural)
kamarana (essive singular)
kamaroina (essive plural)
kamaraksi (singular translative)
kamaroiksi (plural translative)
kamaran (instructive singular)
kamaroin (instructive plural)
kamaranëk (comitative singular)
kamaroinëk (comitative plural)
kamaratta (abessive singular)
kamaroitta (abessive plural)

Estonian: kamar

Finnish: kamara

Ingrian: kamara

Livonian: kamār

Võro: kammar'

→ Latvian: kamara

Probably from Proto-Uralic *kama + *-ra.


säkä

säkä (nominative singular)
sägät (nominative plural)
sägän (accusative singular)
sägät (accusative plural)
sägän (genitive singular)
säkäden (genitive plural)
säkeiden (genitive plural)
säkädä (partitive singular)
säkeidä (partitive plural)
sägässä (inessive singular)
sägähnä (inessive singular)
sägeissä (inessive plural)
sägeihnä (inessive plural)
sägästä (elative singular)
sägeistä (elative plural)
säkähen (illative singular)
säkeihen (illative plural)
sägällä (adessive singular)
sägeillä (adessive plural)
sägältä (ablative singular)
sägeiltä (ablative plural)
säkälen (allative singular)
säkälek (allative singular)
säkeilen (allative plural)
säkeilek (allative plural)
säkänä (essive singular)
säkeinä (essive plural)
sägäksi (singular translative)
sägeiksi (plural translative)
sägän (instructive singular)
sägein (instructive plural)
säkänek (comitative singular)
säkeinek (comitative plural)
sägättä (abessive singular)
sägeittä (abessive plural)

Estonian: säga

Finnish: säkiä, (dialectal) säkä

Võro: sägä


kumara

kumara (nominative singular)
kumarat (nominative plural)
kumaran (accusative singular)
kumarat (accusative plural)
kumaran (genitive singular)
kumaradën (genitive plural)
kumaroidën (genitive plural)
kumarata (partitive singular)
kumaroita (partitive plural)
kumarassa (inessive singular)
kumarahna (inessive singular)
kumaroissa (inessive plural)
kumaroihna (inessive plural)
kumarasta (elative singular)
kumaroista (elative plural)
kumarasën (illative singular)
kumaroisën (illative plural)
kumaralla (adessive singular)
kumaroilla (adessive plural)
kumaralta (ablative singular)
kumaroilta (ablative plural)
kumaralën (allative singular)
kumaralëk (allative singular)
kumaroilën (allative plural)
kumaroilëk (allative plural)
kumarana (essive singular)
kumaroina (essive plural)
kumaraksi (singular translative)
kumaroiksi (plural translative)
kumaran (instructive singular)
kumaroin (instructive plural)
kumaranëk (comitative singular)
kumaroinëk (comitative plural)
kumaratta (abessive singular)
kumaroitta (abessive plural)

Estonian: (dialectal) kumar, kummar

Finnish: kumara

Possibly from the same root as *kuma- + *-ra.


hamara

hamara (nominative singular)
hamarat (nominative plural)
hamaran (accusative singular)
hamarat (accusative plural)
hamaran (genitive singular)
hamaradën (genitive plural)
hamaroidën (genitive plural)
hamarata (partitive singular)
hamaroita (partitive plural)
hamarassa (inessive singular)
hamarahna (inessive singular)
hamaroissa (inessive plural)
hamaroihna (inessive plural)
hamarasta (elative singular)
hamaroista (elative plural)
hamarasën (illative singular)
hamaroisën (illative plural)
hamaralla (adessive singular)
hamaroilla (adessive plural)
hamaralta (ablative singular)
hamaroilta (ablative plural)
hamaralën (allative singular)
hamaralëk (allative singular)
hamaroilën (allative plural)
hamaroilëk (allative plural)
hamarana (essive singular)
hamaroina (essive plural)
hamaraksi (singular translative)
hamaroiksi (plural translative)
hamaran (instructive singular)
hamaroin (instructive plural)
hamaranëk (comitative singular)
hamaroinëk (comitative plural)
hamaratta (abessive singular)
hamaroitta (abessive plural)

Finnish: hamara

Ingrian: hamara

Karelian: hamara

Livvi: hamar

Ludian: hamar

Veps: hamar

Võro: hamar, hammar

→ Proto-Samic: *šëmērē

→? Proto-Germanic: *hamaraz

From Proto-Finno-Permic *šamᴈ. Cognate with Erzya чов (čov), човонэ (čovone) and Moksha шов (šov). Possibly related to Proto-Germanic *hamaraz; both directions of loan, from and into Proto-Germanic, have been proposed. Hyllested speculates on an Indo-European source related to Proto-Balto-Slavic *kā́ˀmō but with regular satemization (compare the survival of doublets like Lithuanian akmuõ, ašmuõ). Alternatively, the Finno-Permic/West Uralic could derive from the Pre-West Uralic agricultural substrate.


solki

solki (nominative singular)
solgët (nominative plural)
solgën (accusative singular)
solgët (accusative plural)
solgën (genitive singular)
solkëdën (genitive plural)
solkidën (genitive plural)
solkëda (partitive singular)
solkida (partitive plural)
solgëssa (inessive singular)
solgëhna (inessive singular)
solgissa (inessive plural)
solgihna (inessive plural)
solgësta (elative singular)
solgista (elative plural)
solkëhën (illative singular)
solkihën (illative plural)
solgëlla (adessive singular)
solgilla (adessive plural)
solgëlta (ablative singular)
solgilta (ablative plural)
solkëlën (allative singular)
solkëlëk (allative singular)
solkilën (allative plural)
solkilëk (allative plural)
solkëna (essive singular)
solkina (essive plural)
solgëksi (singular translative)
solgiksi (plural translative)
solgën (instructive singular)
solgin (instructive plural)
solkënëk (comitative singular)
solkinëk (comitative plural)
solgëtta (abessive singular)
solgitta (abessive plural)

Estonian: sõlg

Finnish: solki

Ingrian: solki

Karelian:

North Karelian: solki

South Karelian: solgi

Livonian: suoļg

Livvi: solgi

Võro: sõlg'

Votic:

Krevinian: sõlk

desctree

→? Old Norse: sylgja
Icelandic: sylgja
Norwegian Nynorsk: sylgja, sylgje, sylje, sølje; (dialectal) sygje, sygju, sulgje
Old Swedish: sylghia, sölghia
Swedish: sölja, syllga (dialectal)
Old Danish: sølje, søylje
 Danish: sølje, sylle (dialectal)
Norwegian Bokmål: sølje

Possibly from Proto-Finno-Permic *śolke, if cognate with Proto-Samic *čulkumë, Moksha сюлгам (śulgam) and Eastern Mari [script needed] (šolkama).


lautta

lautta (nominative singular)
laut'at (nominative plural)
laut'an (accusative singular)
laut'at (accusative plural)
laut'an (genitive singular)
lauttadën (genitive plural)
lauttëidën (genitive plural)
lauttada (partitive singular)
lauttëida (partitive plural)
laut'assa (inessive singular)
laut'ahna (inessive singular)
laut'ëissa (inessive plural)
laut'ëihna (inessive plural)
laut'asta (elative singular)
laut'ëista (elative plural)
lauttahën (illative singular)
lauttëihën (illative plural)
laut'alla (adessive singular)
laut'ëilla (adessive plural)
laut'alta (ablative singular)
laut'ëilta (ablative plural)
lauttalën (allative singular)
lauttalëk (allative singular)
lauttëilën (allative plural)
lauttëilëk (allative plural)
lauttana (essive singular)
lauttëina (essive plural)
laut'aksi (singular translative)
laut'ëiksi (plural translative)
laut'an (instructive singular)
laut'ëin (instructive plural)
lauttanëk (comitative singular)
lauttëinëk (comitative plural)
laut'atta (abessive singular)
laut'ëitta (abessive plural)

Finnish: lautta

Karelian: lautta

Livvi: lauttu

Ludian: laut

Veps: laut

Ingrian: lautti

→ Votic: lautti

Borrowed from Proto-Germanic *flauta- (compare Proto-Germanic *flautijaną).


lautta

Estonian: laut

Võro: laut

Votic: lauttõ

→ Ingrian: lautta

Borrowed from Proto-Germanic *lautō (whence Icelandic laut, dialectal Swedish löt (“pasture”)).


taikina

taikina (nominative singular)
taikinat (nominative plural)
taikinan (accusative singular)
taikinat (accusative plural)
taikinan (genitive singular)
taikinadën (genitive plural)
taikinoidën (genitive plural)
taikinata (partitive singular)
taikinoita (partitive plural)
taikinassa (inessive singular)
taikinahna (inessive singular)
taikinoissa (inessive plural)
taikinoihna (inessive plural)
taikinasta (elative singular)
taikinoista (elative plural)
taikinasën (illative singular)
taikinoisën (illative plural)
taikinalla (adessive singular)
taikinoilla (adessive plural)
taikinalta (ablative singular)
taikinoilta (ablative plural)
taikinalën (allative singular)
taikinalëk (allative singular)
taikinoilën (allative plural)
taikinoilëk (allative plural)
taikinana (essive singular)
taikinoina (essive plural)
taikinaksi (singular translative)
taikinoiksi (plural translative)
taikinan (instructive singular)
taikinoin (instructive plural)
taikinanëk (comitative singular)
taikinoinëk (comitative plural)
taikinatta (abessive singular)
taikinoitta (abessive plural)

Estonian: taigen

Finnish: taikina

Ingrian: taikina

Karelian:

North Karelian: taikina

South Karelian: taigina

Livonian: ⇒ tāigandõks

Livvi: taigin

Ludian: taigin

Veps: taigin

>? Võro: taignõ

Votic: taitšinõ

Borrowed from Proto-Germanic [Term?] (compare *daigaz (“dough”)), whence Old High German teiginna (“dough”) and dialectal Swedish daigning.


sotka

sotka (nominative singular)
sotkat (nominative plural)
sotkan (accusative singular)
sotkat (accusative plural)
sotkan (genitive singular)
sotkadën (genitive plural)
sotkëidën (genitive plural)
sotkada (partitive singular)
sotkëida (partitive plural)
sotkassa (inessive singular)
sotkahna (inessive singular)
sotkëissa (inessive plural)
sotkëihna (inessive plural)
sotkasta (elative singular)
sotkëista (elative plural)
sotkahën (illative singular)
sotkëihën (illative plural)
sotkalla (adessive singular)
sotkëilla (adessive plural)
sotkalta (ablative singular)
sotkëilta (ablative plural)
sotkalën (allative singular)
sotkalëk (allative singular)
sotkëilën (allative plural)
sotkëilëk (allative plural)
sotkana (essive singular)
sotkëina (essive plural)
sotkaksi (singular translative)
sotkëiksi (plural translative)
sotkan (instructive singular)
sotkëin (instructive plural)
sotkanëk (comitative singular)
sotkëinëk (comitative plural)
sotkatta (abessive singular)
sotkëitta (abessive plural)

Estonian: sõtkas

Finnish: sotka

Karelian: sotka

Livvi: sotku

Ludian: sotk

Veps: sotk

From Proto-Finno-Ugric *śodka. Cognate with Proto-Samic *čoaδkē.


kainalo

kainalo (nominative singular)
kainalot (nominative plural)
kainalon (accusative singular)
kainalot (accusative plural)
kainalon (genitive singular)
kainalodën (genitive plural)
kainaloidën (genitive plural)
kainalota (partitive singular)
kainaloita (partitive plural)
kainalossa (inessive singular)
kainalohna (inessive singular)
kainaloissa (inessive plural)
kainaloihna (inessive plural)
kainalosta (elative singular)
kainaloista (elative plural)
kainalosën (illative singular)
kainaloisën (illative plural)
kainalolla (adessive singular)
kainaloilla (adessive plural)
kainalolta (ablative singular)
kainaloilta (ablative plural)
kainalolën (allative singular)
kainalolëk (allative singular)
kainaloilën (allative plural)
kainaloilëk (allative plural)
kainalona (essive singular)
kainaloina (essive plural)
kainaloksi (singular translative)
kainaloiksi (plural translative)
kainalon (instructive singular)
kainaloin (instructive plural)
kainalonëk (comitative singular)
kainaloinëk (comitative plural)
kainalotta (abessive singular)
kainaloitta (abessive plural)

Estonian: kaenal

Finnish: kainalo

Ingrian: kainalo

Karelian: kainalo

Livonian: kāinal

Livvi: kainalo

Ludian: kainal

Veps: kaimol

Võro: kainal

Votic: kainõlo

Possibly from Proto-Uralic *kone + *ëla.


konna

konna (nominative singular)
konnat (nominative plural)
konnan (accusative singular)
konnat (accusative plural)
konnan (genitive singular)
konnadën (genitive plural)
konnëidën (genitive plural)
konnada (partitive singular)
konnëida (partitive plural)
konnassa (inessive singular)
konnahna (inessive singular)
konnëissa (inessive plural)
konnëihna (inessive plural)
konnasta (elative singular)
konnëista (elative plural)
konnahën (illative singular)
konnëihën (illative plural)
konnalla (adessive singular)
konnëilla (adessive plural)
konnalta (ablative singular)
konnëilta (ablative plural)
konnalën (allative singular)
konnalëk (allative singular)
konnëilën (allative plural)
konnëilëk (allative plural)
konnana (essive singular)
konnëina (essive plural)
konnaksi (singular translative)
konnëiksi (plural translative)
konnan (instructive singular)
konnëin (instructive plural)
konnanëk (comitative singular)
konnëinëk (comitative plural)
konnatta (abessive singular)
konnëitta (abessive plural)

Estonian: konn

Finnish: konna

Ingrian: konna

Karelian: konna

Livonian: kūona

Livvi: konna

Võro: kunn

Votic: konnõ

→ Latvian: (dialectal) kunna


kattila

kattila (nominative singular)
kattilat (nominative plural)
kattilan (accusative singular)
kattilat (accusative plural)
kattilan (genitive singular)
kattiladën (genitive plural)
kattiloidën (genitive plural)
kattilata (partitive singular)
kattiloita (partitive plural)
kattilassa (inessive singular)
kattilahna (inessive singular)
kattiloissa (inessive plural)
kattiloihna (inessive plural)
kattilasta (elative singular)
kattiloista (elative plural)
kattilasën (illative singular)
kattiloisën (illative plural)
kattilalla (adessive singular)
kattiloilla (adessive plural)
kattilalta (ablative singular)
kattiloilta (ablative plural)
kattilalën (allative singular)
kattilalëk (allative singular)
kattiloilën (allative plural)
kattiloilëk (allative plural)
kattilana (essive singular)
kattiloina (essive plural)
kattilaksi (singular translative)
kattiloiksi (plural translative)
kattilan (instructive singular)
kattiloin (instructive plural)
kattilanëk (comitative singular)
kattiloinëk (comitative plural)
kattilatta (abessive singular)
kattiloitta (abessive plural)

Estonian: katel

Finnish: kattila

Ingrian: kattila

Karelian:

North Karelian: kattila

South Karelian: kattila

Livonian: kaţļā

Livvi: kattil

Ludian: kat't'il

Veps: kat'il

Võro: katõl', katla

Votic: kattilõ

Borrowed either from Proto-Norse [script needed] (*katilaʀ) or Proto-Germanic *katilaz.


rokko

Finnic (Northern)
rokko (nominative singular)
rok'ot (nominative plural)
rok'on (accusative singular)
rok'ot (accusative plural)
rok'on (genitive singular)
rokkodën (genitive plural)
rokkoidën (genitive plural)
rokkoda (partitive singular)
rokkoida (partitive plural)
rok'ossa (inessive singular)
rok'ohna (inessive singular)
rok'oissa (inessive plural)
rok'oihna (inessive plural)
rok'osta (elative singular)
rok'oista (elative plural)
rokkohën (illative singular)
rokkoihën (illative plural)
rok'olla (adessive singular)
rok'oilla (adessive plural)
rok'olta (ablative singular)
rok'oilta (ablative plural)
rokkolën (allative singular)
rokkolëk (allative singular)
rokkoilën (allative plural)
rokkoilëk (allative plural)
rokkona (essive singular)
rokkoina (essive plural)
rok'oksi (singular translative)
rok'oiksi (plural translative)
rok'on (instructive singular)
rok'oin (instructive plural)
rokkonëk (comitative singular)
rokkoinëk (comitative plural)
rok'otta (abessive singular)
rok'oitta (abessive plural)

Finnish: rokko

Ingrian: ⇒ rokahua

Karelian:

North Karelian: rokko

South Karelian: rokko

Livvi: rokko

Ludian: rokko

Veps: rok


lisä

lisä (nominative singular)
lisät (nominative plural)
lisän (accusative singular)
lisät (accusative plural)
lisän (genitive singular)
lisäden (genitive plural)
liseiden (genitive plural)
lisädä (partitive singular)
liseidä (partitive plural)
lisässä (inessive singular)
lisähnä (inessive singular)
liseissä (inessive plural)
liseihnä (inessive plural)
lisästä (elative singular)
liseistä (elative plural)
lisähen (illative singular)
liseihen (illative plural)
lisällä (adessive singular)
liseillä (adessive plural)
lisältä (ablative singular)
liseiltä (ablative plural)
lisälen (allative singular)
lisälek (allative singular)
liseilen (allative plural)
liseilek (allative plural)
lisänä (essive singular)
liseinä (essive plural)
lisäksi (singular translative)
liseiksi (plural translative)
lisän (instructive singular)
lisein (instructive plural)
lisänek (comitative singular)
liseinek (comitative plural)
lisättä (abessive singular)
liseittä (abessive plural)

Estonian: lisa

Finnish: lisä

Ingrian: lisä

Karelian:

North Karelian: lisä

South Karelian: ližä

Livvi: ližä

Ludian: liža

Veps: liža

Võro: lisa

Votic: (Jõgõperä) lisä

From Proto-Finno-Permic *lisä. Cognates include Proto-Samic *lësē and Erzya лезэ (ľeze, “help; benefit”).


horna

horna (nominative singular)
hornat (nominative plural)
hornan (accusative singular)
hornat (accusative plural)
hornan (genitive singular)
hornadën (genitive plural)
hornëidën (genitive plural)
hornada (partitive singular)
hornëida (partitive plural)
hornassa (inessive singular)
hornahna (inessive singular)
hornëissa (inessive plural)
hornëihna (inessive plural)
hornasta (elative singular)
hornëista (elative plural)
hornahën (illative singular)
hornëihën (illative plural)
hornalla (adessive singular)
hornëilla (adessive plural)
hornalta (ablative singular)
hornëilta (ablative plural)
hornalën (allative singular)
hornalëk (allative singular)
hornëilën (allative plural)
hornëilëk (allative plural)
hornana (essive singular)
hornëina (essive plural)
hornaksi (singular translative)
hornëiksi (plural translative)
hornan (instructive singular)
hornëin (instructive plural)
hornanëk (comitative singular)
hornëinëk (comitative plural)
hornatta (abessive singular)
hornëitta (abessive plural)

Estonian: õrn, (dialectal) hõrn

Finnish: (dialectal) horna

Karelian:

North Karelian: hornie

Livonian: vȱrna


arina

arina (nominative singular)
arinat (nominative plural)
arinan (accusative singular)
arinat (accusative plural)
arinan (genitive singular)
arinadën (genitive plural)
arinoidën (genitive plural)
arinata (partitive singular)
arinoita (partitive plural)
arinassa (inessive singular)
arinahna (inessive singular)
arinoissa (inessive plural)
arinoihna (inessive plural)
arinasta (elative singular)
arinoista (elative plural)
arinasën (illative singular)
arinoisën (illative plural)
arinalla (adessive singular)
arinoilla (adessive plural)
arinalta (ablative singular)
arinoilta (ablative plural)
arinalën (allative singular)
arinalëk (allative singular)
arinoilën (allative plural)
arinoilëk (allative plural)
arinana (essive singular)
arinoina (essive plural)
arinaksi (singular translative)
arinoiksi (plural translative)
arinan (instructive singular)
arinoin (instructive plural)
arinanëk (comitative singular)
arinoinëk (comitative plural)
arinatta (abessive singular)
arinoitta (abessive plural)

Finnish: arina (“hearth grate”)

Meänkieli: arina

desc

Ingrian: arina (“entrance of a fireplace”)

Karelian:

North Karelian: arina

South Karelian: arina

Votic: arinõ (“hearth”)

Borrowed from Proto-Norse ᚨᛉᛁᚾᚨᛉ (aʀinaʀ) whence Old Norse arinn, possibly from Proto-Germanic *azinaz.


loimi

loimi (nominative singular)
loimët (nominative plural)
loimën (accusative singular)
loimët (accusative plural)
loimën (genitive singular)
loindën (genitive plural)
loimidën (genitive plural)
lointa (partitive singular)
loimida (partitive plural)
loimëssa (inessive singular)
loimëhna (inessive singular)
loimissa (inessive plural)
loimihna (inessive plural)
loimësta (elative singular)
loimista (elative plural)
loimëhën (illative singular)
loimihën (illative plural)
loimëlla (adessive singular)
loimilla (adessive plural)
loimëlta (ablative singular)
loimilta (ablative plural)
loimëlën (allative singular)
loimëlëk (allative singular)
loimilën (allative plural)
loimilëk (allative plural)
loimëna (essive singular)
loimina (essive plural)
loimëksi (singular translative)
loimiksi (plural translative)
loimën (instructive singular)
loimin (instructive plural)
loimënëk (comitative singular)
loiminëk (comitative plural)
loimëtta (abessive singular)
loimitta (abessive plural)

Estonian: lõim

Finnish: loimi

Ingrian: loimi

Karelian: loimi

Livonian: lūoima

Livvi: loimi

Ludian: loim

Veps: loim

Võro: lõim'

Votic: lõimõd, lõimi

Derived from *loodak with the same suffix as *-in (instrumental suffix) (but with the final vowel preserved due to the monosyllabic root; compare *toimi).


veneh

veneh (nominative singular)
venehet (nominative plural)
venehen (accusative singular)
venehet (accusative plural)
venehen (genitive singular)
venehten (genitive plural)
venehiden (genitive plural)
venehtä (partitive singular)
venehitä (partitive plural)
venehessä (inessive singular)
venehehnä (inessive singular)
venehissä (inessive plural)
venehihnä (inessive plural)
venehestä (elative singular)
venehistä (elative plural)
venehesen (illative singular)
venehisen (illative plural)
venehellä (adessive singular)
venehillä (adessive plural)
veneheltä (ablative singular)
venehiltä (ablative plural)
venehelen (allative singular)
venehelek (allative singular)
venehilen (allative plural)
venehilek (allative plural)
venehenä (essive singular)
venehinä (essive plural)
veneheksi (singular translative)
venehiksi (plural translative)
venehen (instructive singular)
venehin (instructive plural)
venehenek (comitative singular)
venehinek (comitative plural)
venehettä (abessive singular)
venehittä (abessive plural)

Estonian: vene

→ Livonian: venī

Finnish: vene, (dated) venhe

Ingrian: vene

Karelian:

North Karelian: veneh

South Karelian: veneh

Livvi: veneh

Ludian: veneh

Veps: veneh

Võro: vineh, vineq

Votic: vene

From Proto-Finno-Permic *weneš. Cognate with Proto-Samic *vënës.


murkina

murkina (nominative singular)
murkinat (nominative plural)
murkinan (accusative singular)
murkinat (accusative plural)
murkinan (genitive singular)
murkinadën (genitive plural)
murkinoidën (genitive plural)
murkinata (partitive singular)
murkinoita (partitive plural)
murkinassa (inessive singular)
murkinahna (inessive singular)
murkinoissa (inessive plural)
murkinoihna (inessive plural)
murkinasta (elative singular)
murkinoista (elative plural)
murkinasën (illative singular)
murkinoisën (illative plural)
murkinalla (adessive singular)
murkinoilla (adessive plural)
murkinalta (ablative singular)
murkinoilta (ablative plural)
murkinalën (allative singular)
murkinalëk (allative singular)
murkinoilën (allative plural)
murkinoilëk (allative plural)
murkinana (essive singular)
murkinoina (essive plural)
murkinaksi (singular translative)
murkinoiksi (plural translative)
murkinan (instructive singular)
murkinoin (instructive plural)
murkinanëk (comitative singular)
murkinoinëk (comitative plural)
murkinatta (abessive singular)
murkinoitta (abessive plural)

Finnish: murkina

→ Estonian: (dialectal) murgin

Ingrian: murkina

Karelian:

North Karelian: murkina

South Karelian: murgina

Livvi: murgin

Ludian: murgin

Veps: murgin

Votic: murtšinõ

Borrowed from Proto-Germanic *murginaz (“morning”).


sepä

sepä (nominative singular)
sebät (nominative plural)
sebän (accusative singular)
sebät (accusative plural)
sebän (genitive singular)
sepäden (genitive plural)
sepeiden (genitive plural)
sepädä (partitive singular)
sepeidä (partitive plural)
sebässä (inessive singular)
sebähnä (inessive singular)
sebeissä (inessive plural)
sebeihnä (inessive plural)
sebästä (elative singular)
sebeistä (elative plural)
sepähen (illative singular)
sepeihen (illative plural)
sebällä (adessive singular)
sebeillä (adessive plural)
sebältä (ablative singular)
sebeiltä (ablative plural)
sepälen (allative singular)
sepälek (allative singular)
sepeilen (allative plural)
sepeilek (allative plural)
sepänä (essive singular)
sepeinä (essive plural)
sebäksi (singular translative)
sebeiksi (plural translative)
sebän (instructive singular)
sebein (instructive plural)
sepänek (comitative singular)
sepeinek (comitative plural)
sebättä (abessive singular)
sebeittä (abessive plural)

Estonian: seba (dialectal)

Finnish: sepä

Karelian: sepä, šebä

Livvi: sebä

Ludian: šebä

Veps: seba, sebä


tahko

tahko (nominative singular)
tahkot (nominative plural)
tahkon (accusative singular)
tahkot (accusative plural)
tahkon (genitive singular)
tahkodën (genitive plural)
tahkoidën (genitive plural)
tahkoda (partitive singular)
tahkoida (partitive plural)
tahkossa (inessive singular)
tahkohna (inessive singular)
tahkoissa (inessive plural)
tahkoihna (inessive plural)
tahkosta (elative singular)
tahkoista (elative plural)
tahkohën (illative singular)
tahkoihën (illative plural)
tahkolla (adessive singular)
tahkoilla (adessive plural)
tahkolta (ablative singular)
tahkoilta (ablative plural)
tahkolën (allative singular)
tahkolëk (allative singular)
tahkoilën (allative plural)
tahkoilëk (allative plural)
tahkona (essive singular)
tahkoina (essive plural)
tahkoksi (singular translative)
tahkoiksi (plural translative)
tahkon (instructive singular)
tahkoin (instructive plural)
tahkonëk (comitative singular)
tahkoinëk (comitative plural)
tahkotta (abessive singular)
tahkoitta (abessive plural)

Estonian: tahk

Finnish: tahko

→ Inari Sami: tákku

→ Kildin Sami: та̄һк (tāhk)

→ Skolt Sami: täkk

Ingrian: tahko

Karelian:

North Karelian: tahko

South Karelian: tahko

Livonian: tō’gõz

Livvi: tahko

Ludian: tahk

Veps: tahk

Võro: tahk

Votic: tahko

Probably shortened from *tahkokivi, a compound of *tahko (see Etymology 2) + *kivi.


tahko

Estonian: tahk

Finnish: tahko

Votic: (Jõgõperä) tahko

From Proto-Finno-Permic *taškɜ, whence Proto-Permic *tu̇š.


palko

palko (nominative singular)
palgot (nominative plural)
palgon (accusative singular)
palgot (accusative plural)
palgon (genitive singular)
palkodën (genitive plural)
palkoidën (genitive plural)
palkoda (partitive singular)
palkoida (partitive plural)
palgossa (inessive singular)
palgohna (inessive singular)
palgoissa (inessive plural)
palgoihna (inessive plural)
palgosta (elative singular)
palgoista (elative plural)
palkohën (illative singular)
palkoihën (illative plural)
palgolla (adessive singular)
palgoilla (adessive plural)
palgolta (ablative singular)
palgoilta (ablative plural)
palkolën (allative singular)
palkolëk (allative singular)
palkoilën (allative plural)
palkoilëk (allative plural)
palkona (essive singular)
palkoina (essive plural)
palgoksi (singular translative)
palgoiksi (plural translative)
palgon (instructive singular)
palgoin (instructive plural)
palkonëk (comitative singular)
palkoinëk (comitative plural)
palgotta (abessive singular)
palgoitta (abessive plural)

Finnish: palko

Ingrian: palko

Karelian: palko (Northern), palgo (Southern)

Livvi: palgo

Ludian: palg

Veps: paug

Votic: palko

Derived either from *palgëh, or directly from Proto-Germanic *balgiz.


atra

atra (nominative singular)
atrat (nominative plural)
atran (accusative singular)
atrat (accusative plural)
atran (genitive singular)
atradën (genitive plural)
atroidën (genitive plural)
atrada (partitive singular)
atroida (partitive plural)
atrassa (inessive singular)
atrahna (inessive singular)
atroissa (inessive plural)
atroihna (inessive plural)
atrasta (elative singular)
atroista (elative plural)
atrahën (illative singular)
atroihën (illative plural)
atralla (adessive singular)
atroilla (adessive plural)
atralta (ablative singular)
atroilta (ablative plural)
atralën (allative singular)
atralëk (allative singular)
atroilën (allative plural)
atroilëk (allative plural)
atrana (essive singular)
atroina (essive plural)
atraksi (singular translative)
atroiksi (plural translative)
atran (instructive singular)
atroin (instructive plural)
atranëk (comitative singular)
atroinëk (comitative plural)
atratta (abessive singular)
atroitta (abessive plural)

Estonian: ader, (dialectal) ahr

Finnish: aura, (dialectal variants) arra, atra, aatra, oatra, uatra

Ingrian: adra

Karelian:

North Karelian: atra

South Karelian: adra

Livonian: a'ddõrz, a'drõz

Livvi: adru

Ludian: adre

Veps: adr

Võro: adõr/adyr'/atr

Votic: adrõ

Borrowed from Proto-Germanic *arþrą (compare Old Norse arðr), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂érh₃trom.


vahinko

vahinko (nominative singular)
vahingot (nominative plural)
vahingon (accusative singular)
vahingot (accusative plural)
vahingon (genitive singular)
vahinkodën (genitive plural)
vahinkoidën (genitive plural)
vahinkota (partitive singular)
vahinkoita (partitive plural)
vahingossa (inessive singular)
vahingohna (inessive singular)
vahingoissa (inessive plural)
vahingoihna (inessive plural)
vahingosta (elative singular)
vahingoista (elative plural)
vahinkosën (illative singular)
vahinkoisën (illative plural)
vahingolla (adessive singular)
vahingoilla (adessive plural)
vahingolta (ablative singular)
vahingoilta (ablative plural)
vahinkolën (allative singular)
vahinkolëk (allative singular)
vahinkoilën (allative plural)
vahinkoilëk (allative plural)
vahinkona (essive singular)
vahinkoina (essive plural)
vahingoksi (singular translative)
vahingoiksi (plural translative)
vahingon (instructive singular)
vahingoin (instructive plural)
vahinkonëk (comitative singular)
vahinkoinëk (comitative plural)
vahingotta (abessive singular)
vahingoitta (abessive plural)

Estonian: vahing (dialectal)

Finnish: vahinko

→ Inari Sami: vaahâg

→ Lule Sami: vahák

→ Northern Sami: vahát

Ingrian: vahinko

Karelian:

North Karelian: vahinko

South Karelian: vahingo

Livvi: vahingo

Ludian: vahing

Votic: vahinko

Unknown. Has sometimes been theorized to be a derivative of *vaja- in the form *vajinko, but this fails to explain the *h.


sapa

sapa (nominative singular)
sabat (nominative plural)
saban (accusative singular)
sabat (accusative plural)
saban (genitive singular)
sapadën (genitive plural)
sapoidën (genitive plural)
sapada (partitive singular)
sapoida (partitive plural)
sabassa (inessive singular)
sabahna (inessive singular)
saboissa (inessive plural)
saboihna (inessive plural)
sabasta (elative singular)
saboista (elative plural)
sapahën (illative singular)
sapoihën (illative plural)
saballa (adessive singular)
saboilla (adessive plural)
sabalta (ablative singular)
saboilta (ablative plural)
sapalën (allative singular)
sapalëk (allative singular)
sapoilën (allative plural)
sapoilëk (allative plural)
sapana (essive singular)
sapoina (essive plural)
sabaksi (singular translative)
saboiksi (plural translative)
saban (instructive singular)
saboin (instructive plural)
sapanëk (comitative singular)
sapoinëk (comitative plural)
sabatta (abessive singular)
saboitta (abessive plural)

Estonian: saba

Finnish: (dialectal) sapa

Finnish: saparo

Ingrian: sapara

Karelian:

North Karelian: sapero, saparo

South Karelian: sabero, sabaro

Livonian: tabār

Borrowed from Proto-Baltic *stabara- (whence Lithuanian stabaras (“dried branch”) and Latvian stebere (“cow's tail”)).


herkkä

herkkä (nominative singular)
herk'ät (nominative plural)
herk'än (accusative singular)
herk'ät (accusative plural)
herk'än (genitive singular)
herkkäden (genitive plural)
herkkeiden (genitive plural)
herkkädä (partitive singular)
herkkeidä (partitive plural)
herk'ässä (inessive singular)
herk'ähnä (inessive singular)
herk'eissä (inessive plural)
herk'eihnä (inessive plural)
herk'ästä (elative singular)
herk'eistä (elative plural)
herkkähen (illative singular)
herkkeihen (illative plural)
herk'ällä (adessive singular)
herk'eillä (adessive plural)
herk'ältä (ablative singular)
herk'eiltä (ablative plural)
herkkälen (allative singular)
herkkälek (allative singular)
herkkeilen (allative plural)
herkkeilek (allative plural)
herkkänä (essive singular)
herkkeinä (essive plural)
herk'äksi (singular translative)
herk'eiksi (plural translative)
herk'än (instructive singular)
herk'ein (instructive plural)
herkkänek (comitative singular)
herkkeinek (comitative plural)
herk'ättä (abessive singular)
herk'eittä (abessive plural)

Finnish: herkkä

Ingrian: herkkä

→? Votic: herkkõ

Karelian: herkkä

Veps: herk

Estonian: erk

Livonian: erk


-ik

q

merged with <i class="Latn mention" lang="urj-fin-pro">*-i</i>

Finnish: -i (merged with *-i)

Perhaps *-i (adverbial suffix) + *-k (lative suffix).


rankka

rankka (nominative singular)
rank'at (nominative plural)
rank'an (accusative singular)
rank'at (accusative plural)
rank'an (genitive singular)
rankkadën (genitive plural)
rankkoidën (genitive plural)
rankkada (partitive singular)
rankkoida (partitive plural)
rank'assa (inessive singular)
rank'ahna (inessive singular)
rank'oissa (inessive plural)
rank'oihna (inessive plural)
rank'asta (elative singular)
rank'oista (elative plural)
rankkahën (illative singular)
rankkoihën (illative plural)
rank'alla (adessive singular)
rank'oilla (adessive plural)
rank'alta (ablative singular)
rank'oilta (ablative plural)
rankkalën (allative singular)
rankkalëk (allative singular)
rankkoilën (allative plural)
rankkoilëk (allative plural)
rankkana (essive singular)
rankkoina (essive plural)
rank'aksi (singular translative)
rank'oiksi (plural translative)
rank'an (instructive singular)
rank'oin (instructive plural)
rankkanëk (comitative singular)
rankkoinëk (comitative plural)
rank'atta (abessive singular)
rank'oitta (abessive plural)

Estonian: (dialectal) rank

Finnish: rankka

Ingrian: rankka

Karelian:

North Karelian: rankka

South Karelian: rankka

Livvi: rankku

Votic: rankkõ

Estonian: ränk

Livonian: rǟnka

Võro: ränk

Probably borrowed from Proto-Germanic *strangaz.


-ra

Finnish: -ra, -r


sato

sato (nominative singular)
sadot (nominative plural)
sadon (accusative singular)
sadot (accusative plural)
sadon (genitive singular)
satodën (genitive plural)
satoidën (genitive plural)
satoda (partitive singular)
satoida (partitive plural)
sadossa (inessive singular)
sadohna (inessive singular)
sadoissa (inessive plural)
sadoihna (inessive plural)
sadosta (elative singular)
sadoista (elative plural)
satohën (illative singular)
satoihën (illative plural)
sadolla (adessive singular)
sadoilla (adessive plural)
sadolta (ablative singular)
sadoilta (ablative plural)
satolën (allative singular)
satolëk (allative singular)
satoilën (allative plural)
satoilëk (allative plural)
satona (essive singular)
satoina (essive plural)
sadoksi (singular translative)
sadoiksi (plural translative)
sadon (instructive singular)
sadoin (instructive plural)
satonëk (comitative singular)
satoinëk (comitative plural)
sadotta (abessive singular)
sadoitta (abessive plural)

Estonian: sadu

Finnish: -sato (in compound: sulkasato)

Ingrian: sato

Karelian:

North Karelian: sato

Livonian: sa’d

Võro: sado

Votic: sato


sato

Finnish: sato


kindas

kindas (nominative singular)
kindahët (nominative plural)
kindahën (accusative singular)
kindahët (accusative plural)
kindahën (genitive singular)
kindastën (genitive plural)
kindahidën (genitive plural)
kindasta (partitive singular)
kindahita (partitive plural)
kindahëssa (inessive singular)
kindahëhna (inessive singular)
kindahissa (inessive plural)
kindahihna (inessive plural)
kindahësta (elative singular)
kindahista (elative plural)
kindahësën (illative singular)
kindahisën (illative plural)
kindahëlla (adessive singular)
kindahilla (adessive plural)
kindahëlta (ablative singular)
kindahilta (ablative plural)
kindahëlën (allative singular)
kindahëlëk (allative singular)
kindahilën (allative plural)
kindahilëk (allative plural)
kindassa (essive singular)
kindahina (essive plural)
kindahëksi (singular translative)
kindahiksi (plural translative)
kindahën (instructive singular)
kindahin (instructive plural)
kindassëk (comitative singular)
kindahinëk (comitative plural)
kindahëtta (abessive singular)
kindahitta (abessive plural)

Estonian: kinnas

Finnish: kinnas

Ingrian: kinnas

Karelian: kinnaš

Livonian: kīndaz

Ludian: kindaz

Veps: kindaz

Võro: kinnas

Votic: tšinnõz

From earlier *kimtas, borrowed from Proto-Baltic *kimdas (whence Latvian cimds).


kimppu

kimppu (nominative singular)
kimp'ut (nominative plural)
kimp'un (accusative singular)
kimp'ut (accusative plural)
kimp'un (genitive singular)
kimppudën (genitive plural)
kimppuidën (genitive plural)
kimppuda (partitive singular)
kimppuida (partitive plural)
kimp'ussa (inessive singular)
kimp'uhna (inessive singular)
kimp'uissa (inessive plural)
kimp'uihna (inessive plural)
kimp'usta (elative singular)
kimp'uista (elative plural)
kimppuhën (illative singular)
kimppuihën (illative plural)
kimp'ulla (adessive singular)
kimp'uilla (adessive plural)
kimp'ulta (ablative singular)
kimp'uilta (ablative plural)
kimppulën (allative singular)
kimppulëk (allative singular)
kimppuilën (allative plural)
kimppuilëk (allative plural)
kimppuna (essive singular)
kimppuina (essive plural)
kimp'uksi (singular translative)
kimp'uiksi (plural translative)
kimp'un (instructive singular)
kimp'uin (instructive plural)
kimppunëk (comitative singular)
kimppuinëk (comitative plural)
kimp'utta (abessive singular)
kimp'uitta (abessive plural)

Estonian: kimp

Finnish: kimppu

→ Inari Sami: kimppo

→ Lule Sami: gimmpo

→ Northern Sami: gimpu

Ingrian: kimppu

Karelian: kimppu

Livonian: kimp

Livvi: kimpu

Võro: kimp

→ Latvian: ķimpa (dialectal)


jama

jama (nominative singular)
jamat (nominative plural)
jaman (accusative singular)
jamat (accusative plural)
jaman (genitive singular)
jamadën (genitive plural)
jamoidën (genitive plural)
jamada (partitive singular)
jamoida (partitive plural)
jamassa (inessive singular)
jamahna (inessive singular)
jamoissa (inessive plural)
jamoihna (inessive plural)
jamasta (elative singular)
jamoista (elative plural)
jamahën (illative singular)
jamoihën (illative plural)
jamalla (adessive singular)
jamoilla (adessive plural)
jamalta (ablative singular)
jamoilta (ablative plural)
jamalën (allative singular)
jamalëk (allative singular)
jamoilën (allative plural)
jamoilëk (allative plural)
jamana (essive singular)
jamoina (essive plural)
jamaksi (singular translative)
jamoiksi (plural translative)
jaman (instructive singular)
jamoin (instructive plural)
jamanëk (comitative singular)
jamoinëk (comitative plural)
jamatta (abessive singular)
jamoitta (abessive plural)

Estonian: jama (dialectal)

Finnish: jama

⇒ Ingrian: jame

Karelian: jama

Võro: jama

⇒ Votic: jamo, jamauz

May be cognate with Proto-Samic *juomē and Proto-Mordvinic *jamśə, both probably ultimately borrowed from Proto-Indo-Iranian *yamás (whence Sanskrit यम (yamá, “twin”)).


rukka

rukka (nominative singular)
ruk'at (nominative plural)
ruk'an (accusative singular)
ruk'at (accusative plural)
ruk'an (genitive singular)
rukkadën (genitive plural)
rukkëidën (genitive plural)
rukkada (partitive singular)
rukkëida (partitive plural)
ruk'assa (inessive singular)
ruk'ahna (inessive singular)
ruk'ëissa (inessive plural)
ruk'ëihna (inessive plural)
ruk'asta (elative singular)
ruk'ëista (elative plural)
rukkahën (illative singular)
rukkëihën (illative plural)
ruk'alla (adessive singular)
ruk'ëilla (adessive plural)
ruk'alta (ablative singular)
ruk'ëilta (ablative plural)
rukkalën (allative singular)
rukkalëk (allative singular)
rukkëilën (allative plural)
rukkëilëk (allative plural)
rukkana (essive singular)
rukkëina (essive plural)
ruk'aksi (singular translative)
ruk'ëiksi (plural translative)
ruk'an (instructive singular)
ruk'ëin (instructive plural)
rukkanëk (comitative singular)
rukkëinëk (comitative plural)
ruk'atta (abessive singular)
ruk'ëitta (abessive plural)

Estonian: (obsolete) rukk

Finnish: (dialectal) rukka

Votic: (Kattila) rukka


sambas

sambas (nominative singular)
sampahët (nominative plural)
sampahën (accusative singular)
sampahët (accusative plural)
sampahën (genitive singular)
sambastën (genitive plural)
sampahidën (genitive plural)
sambasta (partitive singular)
sampahita (partitive plural)
sampahëssa (inessive singular)
sampahëhna (inessive singular)
sampahissa (inessive plural)
sampahihna (inessive plural)
sampahësta (elative singular)
sampahista (elative plural)
sampahësën (illative singular)
sampahisën (illative plural)
sampahëlla (adessive singular)
sampahilla (adessive plural)
sampahëlta (ablative singular)
sampahilta (ablative plural)
sampahëlën (allative singular)
sampahëlëk (allative singular)
sampahilën (allative plural)
sampahilëk (allative plural)
sambassa (essive singular)
sampahina (essive plural)
sampahëksi (singular translative)
sampahiksi (plural translative)
sampahën (instructive singular)
sampahin (instructive plural)
sambassëk (comitative singular)
sampahinëk (comitative plural)
sampahëtta (abessive singular)
sampahitta (abessive plural)

Estonian: sammas

Finnish: sammas

⇒ Finnish: sampo

Võro: sammas

Votic: sammõz

Probably borrowed from Proto-Indo-Iranian *stámbʰHas (whence Sanskrit स्तम्भ (stambha, “pillar”)).


umpi

Possibly borrowed from Proto-Germanic *umbi. Alternatively possibly related to Komi-Zyrian об (ob).


umpi

⇒ Estonian: umbe, umbes

Finnish: umpi, umpi-, ⇒ umpeen, ummessa

Ingrian: umpi, umpi-

Karelian:

North Karelian: umpi-

South Karelian: umbi, umbi-

⇒ Livonian: umbõ

Livvi: umbi, umbi-

⇒ Ludian: umbeh, umbes

⇒ Veps: umbhe, umbes

Võro: umb, umb-, ⇒ umbõ

Votic: umpi


karvas

karvas (nominative singular)
karvahët (nominative plural)
karvahën (accusative singular)
karvahët (accusative plural)
karvahën (genitive singular)
karvastën (genitive plural)
karvahidën (genitive plural)
karvasta (partitive singular)
karvahita (partitive plural)
karvahëssa (inessive singular)
karvahëhna (inessive singular)
karvahissa (inessive plural)
karvahihna (inessive plural)
karvahësta (elative singular)
karvahista (elative plural)
karvahësën (illative singular)
karvahisën (illative plural)
karvahëlla (adessive singular)
karvahilla (adessive plural)
karvahëlta (ablative singular)
karvahilta (ablative plural)
karvahëlën (allative singular)
karvahëlëk (allative singular)
karvahilën (allative plural)
karvahilëk (allative plural)
karvassa (essive singular)
karvahina (essive plural)
karvahëksi (singular translative)
karvahiksi (plural translative)
karvahën (instructive singular)
karvahin (instructive plural)
karvassëk (comitative singular)
karvahinëk (comitative plural)
karvahëtta (abessive singular)
karvahitta (abessive plural)

Finnish: karvas

→? Karelian: karvas

Livonian:

Courland Livonian: kǭraz

Vidzeme Livonian: karas

Borrowed from Proto-Germanic *harwaz (whence German herb) . Alternatively, and less likely, from the same root as *karkëda.

, *karkëda, *kirpedä


vapa

vapa (nominative singular)
vabat (nominative plural)
vaban (accusative singular)
vabat (accusative plural)
vaban (genitive singular)
vapadën (genitive plural)
vapoidën (genitive plural)
vapada (partitive singular)
vapoida (partitive plural)
vabassa (inessive singular)
vabahna (inessive singular)
vaboissa (inessive plural)
vaboihna (inessive plural)
vabasta (elative singular)
vaboista (elative plural)
vapahën (illative singular)
vapoihën (illative plural)
vaballa (adessive singular)
vaboilla (adessive plural)
vabalta (ablative singular)
vaboilta (ablative plural)
vapalën (allative singular)
vapalëk (allative singular)
vapoilën (allative plural)
vapoilëk (allative plural)
vapana (essive singular)
vapoina (essive plural)
vabaksi (singular translative)
vaboiksi (plural translative)
vaban (instructive singular)
vaboin (instructive plural)
vapanëk (comitative singular)
vapoinëk (comitative plural)
vabatta (abessive singular)
vaboitta (abessive plural)

⇒ Estonian: vabe, (dialectal) vaba

→ Votic: vapa

Finnish: vapa

Ingrian: vapa

Karelian: vapa (Northern), vaba (Southern)

Livonian: vabā

→ Latvian: vaba

Võro: vaba


paljas

paljas (nominative singular)
paljahët (nominative plural)
paljahën (accusative singular)
paljahët (accusative plural)
paljahën (genitive singular)
paljastën (genitive plural)
paljahidën (genitive plural)
paljasta (partitive singular)
paljahita (partitive plural)
paljahëssa (inessive singular)
paljahëhna (inessive singular)
paljahissa (inessive plural)
paljahihna (inessive plural)
paljahësta (elative singular)
paljahista (elative plural)
paljahësën (illative singular)
paljahisën (illative plural)
paljahëlla (adessive singular)
paljahilla (adessive plural)
paljahëlta (ablative singular)
paljahilta (ablative plural)
paljahëlën (allative singular)
paljahëlëk (allative singular)
paljahilën (allative plural)
paljahilëk (allative plural)
paljassa (essive singular)
paljahina (essive plural)
paljahëksi (singular translative)
paljahiksi (plural translative)
paljahën (instructive singular)
paljahin (instructive plural)
paljassëk (comitative singular)
paljahinëk (comitative plural)
paljahëtta (abessive singular)
paljahitta (abessive plural)

Estonian: paljas

Finnish: paljas

→ Northern Sami: báljis

Ingrian: paljas

Karelian: pal’l’aš

Livonian: pǭļaz

Livvi: pal'l'as

Ludian: pal'l'az

Veps: pal'l'az

Võro: pall'as, pal'as

Votic: palʹlʹõz

Unknown. Proto-Germanic *failijaz is probably not the origin due to semantic and phonetic issues.


kaklus

kaklus (nominative singular)
kakluksët (nominative plural)
kakluksën (accusative singular)
kakluksët (accusative plural)
kakluksën (genitive singular)
kaklustën (genitive plural)
kakluksidën (genitive plural)
kaklusta (partitive singular)
kakluksita (partitive plural)
kakluksëssa (inessive singular)
kakluksëhna (inessive singular)
kakluksissa (inessive plural)
kakluksihna (inessive plural)
kakluksësta (elative singular)
kakluksista (elative plural)
kakluksësën (illative singular)
kakluksisën (illative plural)
kakluksëlla (adessive singular)
kakluksilla (adessive plural)
kakluksëlta (ablative singular)
kakluksilta (ablative plural)
kakluksëlën (allative singular)
kakluksëlëk (allative singular)
kakluksilën (allative plural)
kakluksilëk (allative plural)
kaklussa (essive singular)
kakluksina (essive plural)
kakluksëksi (singular translative)
kakluksiksi (plural translative)
kakluksën (instructive singular)
kakluksin (instructive plural)
kaklussëk (comitative singular)
kakluksinëk (comitative plural)
kakluksëtta (abessive singular)
kakluksitta (abessive plural)

Estonian: kaelus

Finnish: kaulus

Ingrian: kaglus

Karelian:

North Karelian: kakluš

South Karelian: kagluš

Livvi: kaglus

Ludian: kagluz

Veps: kagluz

Votic: kagluz