nurkka

nurkka (nominative singular)
nurk'at (nominative plural)
nurk'an (accusative singular)
nurk'at (accusative plural)
nurk'an (genitive singular)
nurkkadën (genitive plural)
nurkkëidën (genitive plural)
nurkkada (partitive singular)
nurkkëida (partitive plural)
nurk'assa (inessive singular)
nurk'ahna (inessive singular)
nurk'ëissa (inessive plural)
nurk'ëihna (inessive plural)
nurk'asta (elative singular)
nurk'ëista (elative plural)
nurkkahën (illative singular)
nurkkëihën (illative plural)
nurk'alla (adessive singular)
nurk'ëilla (adessive plural)
nurk'alta (ablative singular)
nurk'ëilta (ablative plural)
nurkkalën (allative singular)
nurkkalëk (allative singular)
nurkkëilën (allative plural)
nurkkëilëk (allative plural)
nurkkana (essive singular)
nurkkëina (essive plural)
nurk'aksi (singular translative)
nurk'ëiksi (plural translative)
nurk'an (instructive singular)
nurk'ëin (instructive plural)
nurkkanëk (comitative singular)
nurkkëinëk (comitative plural)
nurk'atta (abessive singular)
nurk'ëitta (abessive plural)

Estonian: nurk

Finnish: nurkka

Ingrian: nurkka

Karelian: nurkka

Livonian: nūrka

Võro: nulk

Votic: nurkkõ


kaita

kaita (nominative singular)
kaidat (nominative plural)
kaidan (accusative singular)
kaidat (accusative plural)
kaidan (genitive singular)
kaitadën (genitive plural)
kaitoidën (genitive plural)
kaitada (partitive singular)
kaitoida (partitive plural)
kaidassa (inessive singular)
kaidahna (inessive singular)
kaidoissa (inessive plural)
kaidoihna (inessive plural)
kaidasta (elative singular)
kaidoista (elative plural)
kaitahën (illative singular)
kaitoihën (illative plural)
kaidalla (adessive singular)
kaidoilla (adessive plural)
kaidalta (ablative singular)
kaidoilta (ablative plural)
kaitalën (allative singular)
kaitalëk (allative singular)
kaitoilën (allative plural)
kaitoilëk (allative plural)
kaitana (essive singular)
kaitoina (essive plural)
kaidaksi (singular translative)
kaidoiksi (plural translative)
kaidan (instructive singular)
kaidoin (instructive plural)
kaitanëk (comitative singular)
kaitoinëk (comitative plural)
kaidatta (abessive singular)
kaidoitta (abessive plural)

? Estonian: (dialectal) kaidur

Finnish: kaita

→ Votic: kaita (Mati)

Ingrian: kaita

Karelian: kaita, kaida

Livvi: kaidu

Ludian: kaid

Veps: kaid


-la

Finnish: -la

Ingrian: -la


piiska

piiska (nominative singular)
piiskat (nominative plural)
piiskan (accusative singular)
piiskat (accusative plural)
piiskan (genitive singular)
piiskadën (genitive plural)
piiskoidën (genitive plural)
piiskada (partitive singular)
piiskoida (partitive plural)
piiskassa (inessive singular)
piiskahna (inessive singular)
piiskoissa (inessive plural)
piiskoihna (inessive plural)
piiskasta (elative singular)
piiskoista (elative plural)
piiskahën (illative singular)
piiskoihën (illative plural)
piiskalla (adessive singular)
piiskoilla (adessive plural)
piiskalta (ablative singular)
piiskoilta (ablative plural)
piiskalën (allative singular)
piiskalëk (allative singular)
piiskoilën (allative plural)
piiskoilëk (allative plural)
piiskana (essive singular)
piiskoina (essive plural)
piiskaksi (singular translative)
piiskoiksi (plural translative)
piiskan (instructive singular)
piiskoin (instructive plural)
piiskanëk (comitative singular)
piiskoinëk (comitative plural)
piiskatta (abessive singular)
piiskoitta (abessive plural)

Estonian: piisk

Finnish: (dialectal) piiska

Livonian: pīsk

Võro: ⇒ pisõq


täplä

täplä (nominative singular)
täplät (nominative plural)
täplän (accusative singular)
täplät (accusative plural)
täplän (genitive singular)
täpläden (genitive plural)
täpleiden (genitive plural)
täplädä (partitive singular)
täpleidä (partitive plural)
täplässä (inessive singular)
täplähnä (inessive singular)
täpleissä (inessive plural)
täpleihnä (inessive plural)
täplästä (elative singular)
täpleistä (elative plural)
täplähen (illative singular)
täpleihen (illative plural)
täplällä (adessive singular)
täpleillä (adessive plural)
täplältä (ablative singular)
täpleiltä (ablative plural)
täplälen (allative singular)
täplälek (allative singular)
täpleilen (allative plural)
täpleilek (allative plural)
täplänä (essive singular)
täpleinä (essive plural)
täpläksi (singular translative)
täpleiksi (plural translative)
täplän (instructive singular)
täplein (instructive plural)
täplänek (comitative singular)
täpleinek (comitative plural)
täplättä (abessive singular)
täpleittä (abessive plural)

⇒ Estonian: täplik (“dotted”)

Finnish: täplä

Karelian:

North Karelian: täplä

⇒ Võro: täpliganõ (“dotted”)

Probably sound-symbolic origin. Cognate with Proto-Samic *tāplē.


virna

virna (nominative singular)
virnat (nominative plural)
virnan (accusative singular)
virnat (accusative plural)
virnan (genitive singular)
virnadën (genitive plural)
virnoidën (genitive plural)
virnada (partitive singular)
virnoida (partitive plural)
virnassa (inessive singular)
virnahna (inessive singular)
virnoissa (inessive plural)
virnoihna (inessive plural)
virnasta (elative singular)
virnoista (elative plural)
virnahën (illative singular)
virnoihën (illative plural)
virnalla (adessive singular)
virnoilla (adessive plural)
virnalta (ablative singular)
virnoilta (ablative plural)
virnalën (allative singular)
virnalëk (allative singular)
virnoilën (allative plural)
virnoilëk (allative plural)
virnana (essive singular)
virnoina (essive plural)
virnaksi (singular translative)
virnoiksi (plural translative)
virnan (instructive singular)
virnoin (instructive plural)
virnanëk (comitative singular)
virnoinëk (comitative plural)
virnatta (abessive singular)
virnoitta (abessive plural)

Estonian: virn

Finnish: virna

Karelian: virna- (in compound: virnaheinä)

⇒ Livonian: vīrnõg

Livvi: virna- (in compound: virnaheiny)

Võro: virn


uudin

uudin (nominative singular)
uutimët (nominative plural)
uutimën (accusative singular)
uutimët (accusative plural)
uutimën (genitive singular)
uudindën (genitive plural)
uutimidën (genitive plural)
uudinta (partitive singular)
uutimita (partitive plural)
uutimëssa (inessive singular)
uutimëhna (inessive singular)
uutimissa (inessive plural)
uutimihna (inessive plural)
uutimësta (elative singular)
uutimista (elative plural)
uutimësën (illative singular)
uutimisën (illative plural)
uutimëlla (adessive singular)
uutimilla (adessive plural)
uutimëlta (ablative singular)
uutimilta (ablative plural)
uutimëlën (allative singular)
uutimëlëk (allative singular)
uutimilën (allative plural)
uutimilëk (allative plural)
uutimëna (essive singular)
uutimina (essive plural)
uutimëksi (singular translative)
uutimiksi (plural translative)
uutimën (instructive singular)
uutimin (instructive plural)
uutimënëk (comitative singular)
uutiminëk (comitative plural)
uutimëtta (abessive singular)
uutimitta (abessive plural)

Estonian: uudi, uude (dialectal)

Finnish: uudin

Ingrian: uuvvin

Karelian: uuvin

Livvi: uvvin, uudin

Ludian: uudim

Veps: uudim, uudin

Votic: (Lempola) uvvi


latva

latva (nominative singular)
latvat (nominative plural)
latvan (accusative singular)
latvat (accusative plural)
latvan (genitive singular)
latvadën (genitive plural)
latvoidën (genitive plural)
latvada (partitive singular)
latvoida (partitive plural)
latvassa (inessive singular)
latvahna (inessive singular)
latvoissa (inessive plural)
latvoihna (inessive plural)
latvasta (elative singular)
latvoista (elative plural)
latvahën (illative singular)
latvoihën (illative plural)
latvalla (adessive singular)
latvoilla (adessive plural)
latvalta (ablative singular)
latvoilta (ablative plural)
latvalën (allative singular)
latvalëk (allative singular)
latvoilën (allative plural)
latvoilëk (allative plural)
latvana (essive singular)
latvoina (essive plural)
latvaksi (singular translative)
latvoiksi (plural translative)
latvan (instructive singular)
latvoin (instructive plural)
latvanëk (comitative singular)
latvoinëk (comitative plural)
latvatta (abessive singular)
latvoitta (abessive plural)

Estonian: latv

Finnish: latva

Ingrian: latva

Karelian: latva, ladva

Livonian: ladā

Livvi: ladvu

Ludian: ladv

Veps: ladv

Võro: latv, ladõv, ladyv'

Votic: ladvõ

→ Proto-Samic: *lāδvē

Unknown. Possibly related to Erzya лато (lato, “shed”), perhaps through an original meaning "shelter".


halko

halko (nominative singular)
halgot (nominative plural)
halgon (accusative singular)
halgot (accusative plural)
halgon (genitive singular)
halkodën (genitive plural)
halkoidën (genitive plural)
halkoda (partitive singular)
halkoida (partitive plural)
halgossa (inessive singular)
halgohna (inessive singular)
halgoissa (inessive plural)
halgoihna (inessive plural)
halgosta (elative singular)
halgoista (elative plural)
halkohën (illative singular)
halkoihën (illative plural)
halgolla (adessive singular)
halgoilla (adessive plural)
halgolta (ablative singular)
halgoilta (ablative plural)
halkolën (allative singular)
halkolëk (allative singular)
halkoilën (allative plural)
halkoilëk (allative plural)
halkona (essive singular)
halkoina (essive plural)
halgoksi (singular translative)
halgoiksi (plural translative)
halgon (instructive singular)
halgoin (instructive plural)
halkonëk (comitative singular)
halkoinëk (comitative plural)
halgotta (abessive singular)
halgoitta (abessive plural)

Estonian: halg

Finnish: halko

Ingrian: halko

Karelian: halko, halgo

Livonian: alg

Livvi: halgo

Ludian: halg

Veps: haug

Võro: halg

Votic: alko


-ma

Estonian: -m

Finnish: -ma

Ingrian: -ma

Karelian: -ma

Veps: -m

Võro: -m

Votic: -ma

Mostly meaningless suffix added to some nominal stems.


-ma

Estonian: -ma (ma-infinitive), gerund in inessive, elative, translative and abessive

Finnish: gerund (3rd infinitive) in inessive, elative, illative, adessive, abessive and instructive

Ingrian: gerund (3rd infinitive) in inessive, elative, illative and abessive

Võro: -ma (ma-infinitive)

Votic: gerund in inessive, elative, illative and abessive

Finnish: -ma

Forms the gerund of verbs, generally only in certain case forms.

Forms the agent participle, which indicates that an action was done by something (in the genitive).


-ma

Finnish: -ma

Possibly an extension of the sense in Etymology 1, with the sense development "action" > "event" > "location of event" > "location".


tähkä

tähkä (nominative singular)
tähkät (nominative plural)
tähkän (accusative singular)
tähkät (accusative plural)
tähkän (genitive singular)
tähkäden (genitive plural)
tähkeiden (genitive plural)
tähkädä (partitive singular)
tähkeidä (partitive plural)
tähkässä (inessive singular)
tähkähnä (inessive singular)
tähkeissä (inessive plural)
tähkeihnä (inessive plural)
tähkästä (elative singular)
tähkeistä (elative plural)
tähkähen (illative singular)
tähkeihen (illative plural)
tähkällä (adessive singular)
tähkeillä (adessive plural)
tähkältä (ablative singular)
tähkeiltä (ablative plural)
tähkälen (allative singular)
tähkälek (allative singular)
tähkeilen (allative plural)
tähkeilek (allative plural)
tähkänä (essive singular)
tähkeinä (essive plural)
tähkäksi (singular translative)
tähkeiksi (plural translative)
tähkän (instructive singular)
tähkein (instructive plural)
tähkänek (comitative singular)
tähkeinek (comitative plural)
tähkättä (abessive singular)
tähkeittä (abessive plural)

Finnish: tähkä

→ Estonian: (dialectal) tähk

Ingrian: tähkä

Karelian: tähkä

Livvi: tähky

Ludian: tähk

Veps: tähk

Votic: (Mati, Pummala) tähtši

Possibly from Proto-Finno-Permic *teškä.

ear, the inflorescence of a grain or other grassy plant


rastas

rastas (nominative singular)
rastahët (nominative plural)
rastahën (accusative singular)
rastahët (accusative plural)
rastahën (genitive singular)
rastastën (genitive plural)
rastahidën (genitive plural)
rastasta (partitive singular)
rastahita (partitive plural)
rastahëssa (inessive singular)
rastahëhna (inessive singular)
rastahissa (inessive plural)
rastahihna (inessive plural)
rastahësta (elative singular)
rastahista (elative plural)
rastahësën (illative singular)
rastahisën (illative plural)
rastahëlla (adessive singular)
rastahilla (adessive plural)
rastahëlta (ablative singular)
rastahilta (ablative plural)
rastahëlën (allative singular)
rastahëlëk (allative singular)
rastahilën (allative plural)
rastahilëk (allative plural)
rastassa (essive singular)
rastahina (essive plural)
rastahëksi (singular translative)
rastahiksi (plural translative)
rastahën (instructive singular)
rastahin (instructive plural)
rastassëk (comitative singular)
rastahinëk (comitative plural)
rastahëtta (abessive singular)
rastahitta (abessive plural)

Finnish: rastas

Karelian:

North Karelian: raššaš

South Karelian: rassas

⇒ Livvi: račoi

Livonian: rastā (in compound: liegārastā)

⇒ Ludian: ratšuoi

Estonian: rästas

Finnish: (dialectal) rästäs

Ingrian: rästäs

Võro: rästäs

Votic: (Mati) räsäz

Borrowed from Proto-Baltic *trazdas (whence Latvian strazds and Lithuanian strãzdas), from Proto-Indo-European *trosdos.


kalbas

kalbas (nominative singular)
kalbahët (nominative plural)
kalbahën (accusative singular)
kalbahët (accusative plural)
kalbahën (genitive singular)
kalbastën (genitive plural)
kalbahidën (genitive plural)
kalbasta (partitive singular)
kalbahita (partitive plural)
kalbahëssa (inessive singular)
kalbahëhna (inessive singular)
kalbahissa (inessive plural)
kalbahihna (inessive plural)
kalbahësta (elative singular)
kalbahista (elative plural)
kalbahësën (illative singular)
kalbahisën (illative plural)
kalbahëlla (adessive singular)
kalbahilla (adessive plural)
kalbahëlta (ablative singular)
kalbahilta (ablative plural)
kalbahëlën (allative singular)
kalbahëlëk (allative singular)
kalbahilën (allative plural)
kalbahilëk (allative plural)
kalbassa (essive singular)
kalbahina (essive plural)
kalbahëksi (singular translative)
kalbahiksi (plural translative)
kalbahën (instructive singular)
kalbahin (instructive plural)
kalbassëk (comitative singular)
kalbahinëk (comitative plural)
kalbahëtta (abessive singular)
kalbahitta (abessive plural)

Finnish: kalvas

Finnish: kalpea

Karelian:

South Karelian: kalbie

Livvi: kalbei

Finnish: kalvakka

Karelian:

North Karelian: kalvakka

South Karelian: kalvakka

Livvi: kalpakko

Possibly an early loan from Indo-European language, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *(H)albʰós, relying on the assertion that an initial Indo-European laryngeal could be reflected as a *k- when borrowed into Uralic or Finnic languages, which has been disputed.


uuhi

uuhi (nominative singular)
uuhët (nominative plural)
uuhën (accusative singular)
uuhët (accusative plural)
uuhën (genitive singular)
uuhtën (genitive plural)
uuhidën (genitive plural)
uuhta (partitive singular)
uuhida (partitive plural)
uuhëssa (inessive singular)
uuhëhna (inessive singular)
uuhissa (inessive plural)
uuhihna (inessive plural)
uuhësta (elative singular)
uuhista (elative plural)
uuhëhën (illative singular)
uuhihën (illative plural)
uuhëlla (adessive singular)
uuhilla (adessive plural)
uuhëlta (ablative singular)
uuhilta (ablative plural)
uuhëlën (allative singular)
uuhëlëk (allative singular)
uuhilën (allative plural)
uuhilëk (allative plural)
uuhëna (essive singular)
uuhina (essive plural)
uuhëksi (singular translative)
uuhiksi (plural translative)
uuhën (instructive singular)
uuhin (instructive plural)
uuhënëk (comitative singular)
uuhinëk (comitative plural)
uuhëtta (abessive singular)
uuhitta (abessive plural)

Estonian: (dialectal) uhe, uhu

Finnish: uuhi

Karelian:

North Karelian: uuhi

South Karelian: uuhut

Livvi: ⇒ uuhut

Veps: uhu

Estonian: utt

Finnish: (dialectal) utti, uuti, uti

Ingrian: ⇒ uto

Võro: utt'

Votic: (Mati, Rajo) uti

From earlier *uwši and probably related to Moksha уча (uča) and Komi-Permyak ыж (yž). Further origin uncertain. Possibly borrowed from Indo-European (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ówis).


mäkärä

mäkärä (nominative singular)
mäkärät (nominative plural)
mäkärän (accusative singular)
mäkärät (accusative plural)
mäkärän (genitive singular)
mäkäräden (genitive plural)
mäkäreiden (genitive plural)
mäkärätä (partitive singular)
mäkäreitä (partitive plural)
mäkärässä (inessive singular)
mäkärähnä (inessive singular)
mäkäreissä (inessive plural)
mäkäreihnä (inessive plural)
mäkärästä (elative singular)
mäkäreistä (elative plural)
mäkäräsen (illative singular)
mäkäreisen (illative plural)
mäkärällä (adessive singular)
mäkäreillä (adessive plural)
mäkärältä (ablative singular)
mäkäreiltä (ablative plural)
mäkärälen (allative singular)
mäkärälek (allative singular)
mäkäreilen (allative plural)
mäkäreilek (allative plural)
mäkäränä (essive singular)
mäkäreinä (essive plural)
mäkäräksi (singular translative)
mäkäreiksi (plural translative)
mäkärän (instructive singular)
mäkärein (instructive plural)
mäkäränek (comitative singular)
mäkäreinek (comitative plural)
mäkärättä (abessive singular)
mäkäreittä (abessive plural)

Estonian: mägar (dialectal)

Finnish: mäkärä

Karelian:

North Karelian: mäkärä

South Karelian: mägärä

Ludian: mägär

From earlier *makara (whence Proto-Samic *muokēr), probably borrowed from Proto-Baltic [Term?] (whence Lithuanian makatas).

blackfly, buffalo gnat (insect of the family Simuliidae)


mokka

mokka (nominative singular)
mok'at (nominative plural)
mok'an (accusative singular)
mok'at (accusative plural)
mok'an (genitive singular)
mokkadën (genitive plural)
mokkëidën (genitive plural)
mokkada (partitive singular)
mokkëida (partitive plural)
mok'assa (inessive singular)
mok'ahna (inessive singular)
mok'ëissa (inessive plural)
mok'ëihna (inessive plural)
mok'asta (elative singular)
mok'ëista (elative plural)
mokkahën (illative singular)
mokkëihën (illative plural)
mok'alla (adessive singular)
mok'ëilla (adessive plural)
mok'alta (ablative singular)
mok'ëilta (ablative plural)
mokkalën (allative singular)
mokkalëk (allative singular)
mokkëilën (allative plural)
mokkëilëk (allative plural)
mokkana (essive singular)
mokkëina (essive plural)
mok'aksi (singular translative)
mok'ëiksi (plural translative)
mok'an (instructive singular)
mok'ëin (instructive plural)
mokkanëk (comitative singular)
mokkëinëk (comitative plural)
mok'atta (abessive singular)
mok'ëitta (abessive plural)

Estonian: mokk

→ Ingrian: mokka

Finnish: (rare, only in phrases) mokka

Võro: mokk

Votic: mokkõ


sara

sara (nominative singular)
sarat (nominative plural)
saran (accusative singular)
sarat (accusative plural)
saran (genitive singular)
saradën (genitive plural)
saroidën (genitive plural)
sarada (partitive singular)
saroida (partitive plural)
sarassa (inessive singular)
sarahna (inessive singular)
saroissa (inessive plural)
saroihna (inessive plural)
sarasta (elative singular)
saroista (elative plural)
sarahën (illative singular)
saroihën (illative plural)
saralla (adessive singular)
saroilla (adessive plural)
saralta (ablative singular)
saroilta (ablative plural)
saralën (allative singular)
saralëk (allative singular)
saroilën (allative plural)
saroilëk (allative plural)
sarana (essive singular)
saroina (essive plural)
saraksi (singular translative)
saroiksi (plural translative)
saran (instructive singular)
saroin (instructive plural)
saranëk (comitative singular)
saroinëk (comitative plural)
saratta (abessive singular)
saroitta (abessive plural)

Finnish: sara

Karelian: šara

Livvi: šara

Ludian: sara

Veps: sara- (in compound: sarahein)

Borrowed from Proto-Germanic *starrō (whence Old Norse stǫrr), or from earlier Pre-Germanic.


riihi

riihi (nominative singular)
riihet (nominative plural)
riihen (accusative singular)
riihet (accusative plural)
riihen (genitive singular)
riihten (genitive plural)
riihiden (genitive plural)
riihtä (partitive singular)
riihidä (partitive plural)
riihessä (inessive singular)
riihehnä (inessive singular)
riihissä (inessive plural)
riihihnä (inessive plural)
riihestä (elative singular)
riihistä (elative plural)
riihehen (illative singular)
riihihen (illative plural)
riihellä (adessive singular)
riihillä (adessive plural)
riiheltä (ablative singular)
riihiltä (ablative plural)
riihelen (allative singular)
riihelek (allative singular)
riihilen (allative plural)
riihilek (allative plural)
riihenä (essive singular)
riihinä (essive plural)
riiheksi (singular translative)
riihiksi (plural translative)
riihen (instructive singular)
riihin (instructive plural)
riihenek (comitative singular)
riihinek (comitative plural)
riihettä (abessive singular)
riihittä (abessive plural)

Estonian: rehi

Finnish: riihi

Ingrian: riihi

Karelian:

North Karelian: riihi

South Karelian: riihi

Livonian: rī’, rī’j

Livvi: riihi

Ludian: riih

Veps: rih'

Võro: riih

Votic: rihi

→ Inari Sami: riihâ

→ Latvian: rija

→ Lithuanian: rejà

→ Russian: рига (riga)

→ Swedish: ria

From earlier *riŋeše, cognate with Proto-Permic *ru̇ŋiš. Often reconstructed as Proto-Finno-Permic, but possibly rather an old Wanderwort.

cabin used for drying and threshing grain


jouhi

jouhi (nominative singular)
jouhët (nominative plural)
jouhën (accusative singular)
jouhët (accusative plural)
jouhën (genitive singular)
jouhtën (genitive plural)
jouhidën (genitive plural)
jouhta (partitive singular)
jouhida (partitive plural)
jouhëssa (inessive singular)
jouhëhna (inessive singular)
jouhissa (inessive plural)
jouhihna (inessive plural)
jouhësta (elative singular)
jouhista (elative plural)
jouhëhën (illative singular)
jouhihën (illative plural)
jouhëlla (adessive singular)
jouhilla (adessive plural)
jouhëlta (ablative singular)
jouhilta (ablative plural)
jouhëlën (allative singular)
jouhëlëk (allative singular)
jouhilën (allative plural)
jouhilëk (allative plural)
jouhëna (essive singular)
jouhina (essive plural)
jouhëksi (singular translative)
jouhiksi (plural translative)
jouhën (instructive singular)
jouhin (instructive plural)
jouhënëk (comitative singular)
jouhinëk (comitative plural)
jouhëtta (abessive singular)
jouhitta (abessive plural)

Estonian: jõhv

Finnish: jouhi

→ Northern Sami: juovka

Ingrian: jouhi

Karelian:

North Karelian: jouhi

South Karelian: jouhi

>? Livonian: ⇒ jõ’ugi

Livvi: jouhi

Ludian: d'ouh

Veps: jouh

Võro: jõhv', (Seto) jõuh

Votic: jõvi


süli

süli (nominative singular)
sület (nominative plural)
sülen (accusative singular)
sület (accusative plural)
sülen (genitive singular)
sülden (genitive plural)
süliden (genitive plural)
sültä (partitive singular)
sülidä (partitive plural)
sülessä (inessive singular)
sülehnä (inessive singular)
sülissä (inessive plural)
sülihnä (inessive plural)
sülestä (elative singular)
sülistä (elative plural)
sülehen (illative singular)
sülihen (illative plural)
sülellä (adessive singular)
sülillä (adessive plural)
süleltä (ablative singular)
süliltä (ablative plural)
sülelen (allative singular)
sülelek (allative singular)
sülilen (allative plural)
sülilek (allative plural)
süllä (essive singular)
sülinä (essive plural)
süleksi (singular translative)
süliksi (plural translative)
sülen (instructive singular)
sülin (instructive plural)
süllek (comitative singular)
sülinek (comitative plural)
sülettä (abessive singular)
sülittä (abessive plural)

Estonian: süli

Finnish: syli

Ingrian: syli

Karelian: syli

Livonian: si’ļ

Livvi: syli

Ludian: šülü, süli

Veps: sül'

Võro: süli

Votic: süli

From Proto-Uralic *süle. Cognate with Proto-Samic *sëlë.


ahnas

ahnas (nominative singular)
ahnahët (nominative plural)
ahnahën (accusative singular)
ahnahët (accusative plural)
ahnahën (genitive singular)
ahnastën (genitive plural)
ahnahidën (genitive plural)
ahnasta (partitive singular)
ahnahita (partitive plural)
ahnahëssa (inessive singular)
ahnahëhna (inessive singular)
ahnahissa (inessive plural)
ahnahihna (inessive plural)
ahnahësta (elative singular)
ahnahista (elative plural)
ahnahësën (illative singular)
ahnahisën (illative plural)
ahnahëlla (adessive singular)
ahnahilla (adessive plural)
ahnahëlta (ablative singular)
ahnahilta (ablative plural)
ahnahëlën (allative singular)
ahnahëlëk (allative singular)
ahnahilën (allative plural)
ahnahilëk (allative plural)
ahnassa (essive singular)
ahnahina (essive plural)
ahnahëksi (singular translative)
ahnahiksi (plural translative)
ahnahën (instructive singular)
ahnahin (instructive plural)
ahnassëk (comitative singular)
ahnahinëk (comitative plural)
ahnahëtta (abessive singular)
ahnahitta (abessive plural)

Finnish: ahnas

Ingrian: ahnas

Karelian:

North Karelian: ahnaš

South Karelian: ahnaš

Livvi: ahnas

Ludian: ⇒ ahnak

desc

Veps: ⇒ (Northern) ažlak, (Southern) ahlak

Votic: ahnõz

→ Proto-Samic: *(h)ānēs (see there for further descendants)

Borrowed from Proto-Indo-Iranian *(H)aćHnas (whence Sanskrit अश्न (aśna, “gluttonous”)).


satula

satula (nominative singular)
satulat (nominative plural)
satulan (accusative singular)
satulat (accusative plural)
satulan (genitive singular)
satuladën (genitive plural)
satulëidën (genitive plural)
satulata (partitive singular)
satulëita (partitive plural)
satulassa (inessive singular)
satulahna (inessive singular)
satulëissa (inessive plural)
satulëihna (inessive plural)
satulasta (elative singular)
satulëista (elative plural)
satulasën (illative singular)
satulëisën (illative plural)
satulalla (adessive singular)
satulëilla (adessive plural)
satulalta (ablative singular)
satulëilta (ablative plural)
satulalën (allative singular)
satulalëk (allative singular)
satulëilën (allative plural)
satulëilëk (allative plural)
satulana (essive singular)
satulëina (essive plural)
satulaksi (singular translative)
satulëiksi (plural translative)
satulan (instructive singular)
satulëin (instructive plural)
satulanëk (comitative singular)
satulëinëk (comitative plural)
satulatta (abessive singular)
satulëitta (abessive plural)

Estonian: sadul

Finnish: satula

Ingrian: satula

Karelian:

North Karelian: satula

South Karelian: sadula

Livonian: sa’ddõl

Livvi: saduli

Ludian: sadul

Veps: sadul

Võro: satol'

Votic: satulõ


runka

Finnic (Northern)
runka (nominative singular)
rungat (nominative plural)
rungan (accusative singular)
rungat (accusative plural)
rungan (genitive singular)
runkadën (genitive plural)
runkëidën (genitive plural)
runkada (partitive singular)
runkëida (partitive plural)
rungassa (inessive singular)
rungahna (inessive singular)
rungëissa (inessive plural)
rungëihna (inessive plural)
rungasta (elative singular)
rungëista (elative plural)
runkahën (illative singular)
runkëihën (illative plural)
rungalla (adessive singular)
rungëilla (adessive plural)
rungalta (ablative singular)
rungëilta (ablative plural)
runkalën (allative singular)
runkalëk (allative singular)
runkëilën (allative plural)
runkëilëk (allative plural)
runkana (essive singular)
runkëina (essive plural)
rungaksi (singular translative)
rungëiksi (plural translative)
rungan (instructive singular)
rungëin (instructive plural)
runkanëk (comitative singular)
runkëinëk (comitative plural)
rungatta (abessive singular)
rungëitta (abessive plural)

Finnish: ⇒ runko

→ Inari Sami: ruŋgo

→ Northern Sami: ruŋgu

Karelian:

North Karelian: runka

South Karelian: runga

Livvi: rungu

Ludian: rung

Veps: rung

Probably borrowed from Proto-Germanic *skrunkaz (whence Icelandic skrokkur and Old Norse skrokkr (“torso”)).


rugis

rugis (nominative singular)
rukihët (nominative plural)
rukihën (accusative singular)
rukihët (accusative plural)
rukihën (genitive singular)
rugistën (genitive plural)
rukihidën (genitive plural)
rugista (partitive singular)
rukihita (partitive plural)
rukihëssa (inessive singular)
rukihëhna (inessive singular)
rukihissa (inessive plural)
rukihihna (inessive plural)
rukihësta (elative singular)
rukihista (elative plural)
rukihësën (illative singular)
rukihisën (illative plural)
rukihëlla (adessive singular)
rukihilla (adessive plural)
rukihëlta (ablative singular)
rukihilta (ablative plural)
rukihëlën (allative singular)
rukihëlëk (allative singular)
rukihilën (allative plural)
rukihilëk (allative plural)
rugissa (essive singular)
rukihina (essive plural)
rukihëksi (singular translative)
rukihiksi (plural translative)
rukihën (instructive singular)
rukihin (instructive plural)
rugissëk (comitative singular)
rukihinëk (comitative plural)
rukihëtta (abessive singular)
rukihitta (abessive plural)

Estonian: rukis

Finnish: ruis

Ingrian: ruis

Karelian:

North Karelian: ruis

South Karelian: ruis, (dialectal) ruiš

Livonian: ri’ggõz

Livvi: ruiš

Ludian: rugiž

Veps: rugiž

Votic: rüiz, ruiz

Borrowed from Proto-Germanic *rugiz. Has also been compared with Baltic words (like Latvian rudzis, Lithuanian rugỹs, Old Prussian rugis), but a borrowing from Baltic or Balto-Slavic would not have resulted in *rugis, but **rugëh.


raidis

Finnic (Northern)
raidis (nominative singular)
raitihët (nominative plural)
raitihën (accusative singular)
raitihët (accusative plural)
raitihën (genitive singular)
raidistën (genitive plural)
raitihidën (genitive plural)
raidista (partitive singular)
raitihita (partitive plural)
raitihëssa (inessive singular)
raitihëhna (inessive singular)
raitihissa (inessive plural)
raitihihna (inessive plural)
raitihësta (elative singular)
raitihista (elative plural)
raitihësën (illative singular)
raitihisën (illative plural)
raitihëlla (adessive singular)
raitihilla (adessive plural)
raitihëlta (ablative singular)
raitihilta (ablative plural)
raitihëlën (allative singular)
raitihëlëk (allative singular)
raitihilën (allative plural)
raitihilëk (allative plural)
raidissa (essive singular)
raitihina (essive plural)
raitihëksi (singular translative)
raitihiksi (plural translative)
raitihën (instructive singular)
raitihin (instructive plural)
raidissëk (comitative singular)
raitihinëk (comitative plural)
raitihëtta (abessive singular)
raitihitta (abessive plural)

Finnish: (obsolete) raidis

Finnish: raitis

Karelian:

North Karelian: raitis

Borrowed from Proto-Norse [Term?], from Proto-Germanic *raidiz ~ *raidaz.


niini

niini (nominative singular)
niinet (nominative plural)
niinen (accusative singular)
niinet (accusative plural)
niinen (genitive singular)
niinden (genitive plural)
niiniden (genitive plural)
niintä (partitive singular)
niinidä (partitive plural)
niinessä (inessive singular)
niinehnä (inessive singular)
niinissä (inessive plural)
niinihnä (inessive plural)
niinestä (elative singular)
niinistä (elative plural)
niinehen (illative singular)
niinihen (illative plural)
niinellä (adessive singular)
niinillä (adessive plural)
niineltä (ablative singular)
niiniltä (ablative plural)
niinelen (allative singular)
niinelek (allative singular)
niinilen (allative plural)
niinilek (allative plural)
niinnä (essive singular)
niininä (essive plural)
niineksi (singular translative)
niiniksi (plural translative)
niinen (instructive singular)
niinin (instructive plural)
niinnek (comitative singular)
niininek (comitative plural)
niinettä (abessive singular)
niinittä (abessive plural)

Estonian: niin

Finnish: niini

Ingrian: niini

Karelian: niini

Livonian: nīņ

Livvi: niini

Ludian: niin

Veps: nin'

Võro: niids'

Votic: niini


kopra

kopra (nominative singular)
koprat (nominative plural)
kopran (accusative singular)
koprat (accusative plural)
kopran (genitive singular)
kopradën (genitive plural)
koprëidën (genitive plural)
koprada (partitive singular)
koprëida (partitive plural)
koprassa (inessive singular)
koprahna (inessive singular)
koprëissa (inessive plural)
koprëihna (inessive plural)
koprasta (elative singular)
koprëista (elative plural)
koprahën (illative singular)
koprëihën (illative plural)
kopralla (adessive singular)
koprëilla (adessive plural)
kopralta (ablative singular)
koprëilta (ablative plural)
kopralën (allative singular)
kopralëk (allative singular)
koprëilën (allative plural)
koprëilëk (allative plural)
koprana (essive singular)
koprëina (essive plural)
kopraksi (singular translative)
koprëiksi (plural translative)
kopran (instructive singular)
koprëin (instructive plural)
kopranëk (comitative singular)
koprëinëk (comitative plural)
kopratta (abessive singular)
koprëitta (abessive plural)

Finnish: koura

Karelian: kopra

Livvi: kobru

Veps: kobr

Votic: kobrõ

→ Russian: кобра (kobra)


lauha

lauha (nominative singular)
lauhat (nominative plural)
lauhan (accusative singular)
lauhat (accusative plural)
lauhan (genitive singular)
lauhadën (genitive plural)
lauhëidën (genitive plural)
lauhada (partitive singular)
lauhëida (partitive plural)
lauhassa (inessive singular)
lauhahna (inessive singular)
lauhëissa (inessive plural)
lauhëihna (inessive plural)
lauhasta (elative singular)
lauhëista (elative plural)
lauhahën (illative singular)
lauhëihën (illative plural)
lauhalla (adessive singular)
lauhëilla (adessive plural)
lauhalta (ablative singular)
lauhëilta (ablative plural)
lauhalën (allative singular)
lauhalëk (allative singular)
lauhëilën (allative plural)
lauhëilëk (allative plural)
lauhana (essive singular)
lauhëina (essive plural)
lauhaksi (singular translative)
lauhëiksi (plural translative)
lauhan (instructive singular)
lauhëin (instructive plural)
lauhanëk (comitative singular)
lauhëinëk (comitative plural)
lauhatta (abessive singular)
lauhëitta (abessive plural)

Estonian: (dialectal) lahva, ⇒ lahve

Finnish: lauha

Karelian:

North Karelian: lauha

South Karelian: lauha

→ Southern Sami: laahvoeh

→ Lule Sami: láho

→ Northern Sami: láfu

According to Schalin (2019) possibly borrowed from Northwest Proto-Germanic *hlāwaz (whence Old High German lāo, *hlāo), or from Proto-Norse [script needed] (*hlāwaz), with a substitution Germanic *VwV → Finnic *VuhV (cf. possibly a similar substitution in *rauha). Possibly doublet of *leevä.


pälvi

pälvi (nominative singular)
pälvet (nominative plural)
pälven (accusative singular)
pälvet (accusative plural)
pälven (genitive singular)
pälveden (genitive plural)
pälviden (genitive plural)
pälvedä (partitive singular)
pälvidä (partitive plural)
pälvessä (inessive singular)
pälvehnä (inessive singular)
pälvissä (inessive plural)
pälvihnä (inessive plural)
pälvestä (elative singular)
pälvistä (elative plural)
pälvehen (illative singular)
pälvihen (illative plural)
pälvellä (adessive singular)
pälvillä (adessive plural)
pälveltä (ablative singular)
pälviltä (ablative plural)
pälvelen (allative singular)
pälvelek (allative singular)
pälvilen (allative plural)
pälvilek (allative plural)
pälvenä (essive singular)
pälvinä (essive plural)
pälveksi (singular translative)
pälviksi (plural translative)
pälven (instructive singular)
pälvin (instructive plural)
pälvenek (comitative singular)
pälvinek (comitative plural)
pälvettä (abessive singular)
pälvittä (abessive plural)

Finnish: pälvi

Karelian:

North Karelian: pälvi

South Karelian: pälvi

Livvi: pälvi

Ludian: pälv

Võro: pälv', pälveq

Cognate with Proto-Samic *pievlë, further origin uncertain. Possibly borrowed from Proto-Baltic [Term?] (whence Lithuanian pal̃vė and Old Prussian palve).


pouta

pouta (nominative singular)
poudat (nominative plural)
poudan (accusative singular)
poudat (accusative plural)
poudan (genitive singular)
poutadën (genitive plural)
poutëidën (genitive plural)
poutada (partitive singular)
poutëida (partitive plural)
poudassa (inessive singular)
poudahna (inessive singular)
poudëissa (inessive plural)
poudëihna (inessive plural)
poudasta (elative singular)
poudëista (elative plural)
poutahën (illative singular)
poutëihën (illative plural)
poudalla (adessive singular)
poudëilla (adessive plural)
poudalta (ablative singular)
poudëilta (ablative plural)
poutalën (allative singular)
poutalëk (allative singular)
poutëilën (allative plural)
poutëilëk (allative plural)
poutana (essive singular)
poutëina (essive plural)
poudaksi (singular translative)
poudëiksi (plural translative)
poudan (instructive singular)
poudëin (instructive plural)
poutanëk (comitative singular)
poutëinëk (comitative plural)
poudatta (abessive singular)
poudëitta (abessive plural)

Estonian: põud

Finnish: pouta

Ingrian: pouta

→ Votic: poutõ

Karelian: pouta, pouda

Livonian: pȭda

Livvi: poudu

Ludian: poud

Veps: poud

Võro: põud

Votic: (Jõgõperä, Mati, Pummala) põutõ

Possibly a Baltic loanword, compare Lithuanian spaudà (“pressure”).


venät

venät (nominative singular)
venädet (nominative plural)
venäden (accusative singular)
venädet (accusative plural)
venäden (genitive singular)
venät'en (genitive plural)
venäciden (genitive plural)
venättä (partitive singular)
venäcitä (partitive plural)
venädessä (inessive singular)
venädehnä (inessive singular)
venäcissä (inessive plural)
venäcihnä (inessive plural)
venädestä (elative singular)
venäcistä (elative plural)
venädesen (illative singular)
venäcisen (illative plural)
venädellä (adessive singular)
venäcillä (adessive plural)
venädeltä (ablative singular)
venäciltä (ablative plural)
venädelen (allative singular)
venädelek (allative singular)
venäcilen (allative plural)
venäcilek (allative plural)
venännä (essive singular)
venäcinä (essive plural)
venädeksi (singular translative)
venäciksi (plural translative)
venäden (instructive singular)
venäcin (instructive plural)
venännek (comitative singular)
venäcinek (comitative plural)
venädettä (abessive singular)
venäcittä (abessive plural)

Estonian: vene, Venemaa

Finnish: Venäjä, (dialectal) venät, venäh, venää

Ingrian: vennää, venät

Karelian:

North Karelian: veneäh

South Karelian: vena, veniäh

Livvi: vena

Ludian: vena

Veps: vena

Votic: vennäi, vennä


väkä

väkä (nominative singular)
vägät (nominative plural)
vägän (accusative singular)
vägät (accusative plural)
vägän (genitive singular)
väkäden (genitive plural)
väkeiden (genitive plural)
väkädä (partitive singular)
väkeidä (partitive plural)
vägässä (inessive singular)
vägähnä (inessive singular)
vägeissä (inessive plural)
vägeihnä (inessive plural)
vägästä (elative singular)
vägeistä (elative plural)
väkähen (illative singular)
väkeihen (illative plural)
vägällä (adessive singular)
vägeillä (adessive plural)
vägältä (ablative singular)
vägeiltä (ablative plural)
väkälen (allative singular)
väkälek (allative singular)
väkeilen (allative plural)
väkeilek (allative plural)
väkänä (essive singular)
väkeinä (essive plural)
vägäksi (singular translative)
vägeiksi (plural translative)
vägän (instructive singular)
vägein (instructive plural)
väkänek (comitative singular)
väkeinek (comitative plural)
vägättä (abessive singular)
vägeittä (abessive plural)

Finnish: väkä

→ Estonian: vägi

Karelian:

South Karelian: vägä

Livvi: vägä

Finnish: väkänen

Karelian:

North Karelian: vägäni

South Karelian: vägäne

(Northern Finnic) barb (point that stands backward in a fishhook, etc)


äimä

äimä (nominative singular)
äimät (nominative plural)
äimän (accusative singular)
äimät (accusative plural)
äimän (genitive singular)
äimäden (genitive plural)
äimeiden (genitive plural)
äimädä (partitive singular)
äimeidä (partitive plural)
äimässä (inessive singular)
äimähnä (inessive singular)
äimeissä (inessive plural)
äimeihnä (inessive plural)
äimästä (elative singular)
äimeistä (elative plural)
äimähen (illative singular)
äimeihen (illative plural)
äimällä (adessive singular)
äimeillä (adessive plural)
äimältä (ablative singular)
äimeiltä (ablative plural)
äimälen (allative singular)
äimälek (allative singular)
äimeilen (allative plural)
äimeilek (allative plural)
äimänä (essive singular)
äimeinä (essive plural)
äimäksi (singular translative)
äimeiksi (plural translative)
äimän (instructive singular)
äimein (instructive plural)
äimänek (comitative singular)
äimeinek (comitative plural)
äimättä (abessive singular)
äimeittä (abessive plural)

Finnish: äimä

Karelian: äimä


penikka

penikka (nominative singular)
penik'at (nominative plural)
penik'an (accusative singular)
penik'at (accusative plural)
penik'an (genitive singular)
penikkadën (genitive plural)
penikkoidën (genitive plural)
penikkata (partitive singular)
penikkoita (partitive plural)
penik'assa (inessive singular)
penik'ahna (inessive singular)
penik'oissa (inessive plural)
penik'oihna (inessive plural)
penik'asta (elative singular)
penik'oista (elative plural)
penikkasën (illative singular)
penikkoisën (illative plural)
penik'alla (adessive singular)
penik'oilla (adessive plural)
penik'alta (ablative singular)
penik'oilta (ablative plural)
penikkalën (allative singular)
penikkalëk (allative singular)
penikkoilën (allative plural)
penikkoilëk (allative plural)
penikkana (essive singular)
penikkoina (essive plural)
penik'aksi (singular translative)
penik'oiksi (plural translative)
penik'an (instructive singular)
penik'oin (instructive plural)
penikkanëk (comitative singular)
penikkoinëk (comitative plural)
penik'atta (abessive singular)
penik'oitta (abessive plural)

Finnish: penikka

Ingrian: penikka

Karelian:

North Karelian: penikkä

Livonian: pi’ņki

Votic: penikkõ


eväs

eväs (nominative singular)
evähet (nominative plural)
evähen (accusative singular)
evähet (accusative plural)
evähen (genitive singular)
evästen (genitive plural)
evähiden (genitive plural)
evästä (partitive singular)
evähitä (partitive plural)
evähessä (inessive singular)
evähehnä (inessive singular)
evähissä (inessive plural)
evähihnä (inessive plural)
evähestä (elative singular)
evähistä (elative plural)
evähesen (illative singular)
evähisen (illative plural)
evähellä (adessive singular)
evähillä (adessive plural)
eväheltä (ablative singular)
evähiltä (ablative plural)
evähelen (allative singular)
evähelek (allative singular)
evähilen (allative plural)
evähilek (allative plural)
evässä (essive singular)
evähinä (essive plural)
eväheksi (singular translative)
evähiksi (plural translative)
evähen (instructive singular)
evähin (instructive plural)
evässek (comitative singular)
evähinek (comitative plural)
evähettä (abessive singular)
evähittä (abessive plural)

Finnish: eväs

→ Inari Sami: evvis

→ Skolt Sami: jeäʹves

→ Northern Sami: eavis

Ingrian: eväs

Karelian: eväs

Livvi: eväs

Ludian: eväz

Votic: eväz

Unknown. Possibly related to Northern Sami avastit (“to gobble”). Possibly ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *yéwos.


haina

haina (nominative singular)
hainat (nominative plural)
hainan (accusative singular)
hainat (accusative plural)
hainan (genitive singular)
hainadën (genitive plural)
hainoidën (genitive plural)
hainada (partitive singular)
hainoida (partitive plural)
hainassa (inessive singular)
hainahna (inessive singular)
hainoissa (inessive plural)
hainoihna (inessive plural)
hainasta (elative singular)
hainoista (elative plural)
hainahën (illative singular)
hainoihën (illative plural)
hainalla (adessive singular)
hainoilla (adessive plural)
hainalta (ablative singular)
hainoilta (ablative plural)
hainalën (allative singular)
hainalëk (allative singular)
hainoilën (allative plural)
hainoilëk (allative plural)
hainana (essive singular)
hainoina (essive plural)
hainaksi (singular translative)
hainoiksi (plural translative)
hainan (instructive singular)
hainoin (instructive plural)
hainanëk (comitative singular)
hainoinëk (comitative plural)
hainatta (abessive singular)
hainoitta (abessive plural)

Estonian: hein

Finnish: heinä

Ingrian: heinä

Karelian:

North Karelian: heinä

South Karelian: heinä

Livonian: āina

Livvi: heiny

Ludian: hein

Veps: hein

Võro: hain

Votic: eine

From earlier *šaina, borrowed from Proto-Balto-Slavic *śaina-. Compare Lithuanian šienas, Proto-Slavic *sěno. The descendants that split later than Livonian and Võro use the form *heinä instead, with a later sporadic raising *ai > *ei (compare *kaihas, *laipa, *saibas, *saina).


leinä

Possibly borrowed from Proto-Baltic [Term?] (whence Latvian kliens (“thin, withered”), Lithuanian klienas (“thin, skinny”)).


leinä

leinä (nominative singular)
leinät (nominative plural)
leinän (accusative singular)
leinät (accusative plural)
leinän (genitive singular)
leinäden (genitive plural)
leineiden (genitive plural)
leinädä (partitive singular)
leineidä (partitive plural)
leinässä (inessive singular)
leinähnä (inessive singular)
leineissä (inessive plural)
leineihnä (inessive plural)
leinästä (elative singular)
leineistä (elative plural)
leinähen (illative singular)
leineihen (illative plural)
leinällä (adessive singular)
leineillä (adessive plural)
leinältä (ablative singular)
leineiltä (ablative plural)
leinälen (allative singular)
leinälek (allative singular)
leineilen (allative plural)
leineilek (allative plural)
leinänä (essive singular)
leineinä (essive plural)
leinäksi (singular translative)
leineiksi (plural translative)
leinän (instructive singular)
leinein (instructive plural)
leinänek (comitative singular)
leineinek (comitative plural)
leinättä (abessive singular)
leineittä (abessive plural)

Estonian: lein

Finnish: (archaic) leina, leino

Ingrian: leina

→ Votic: leine

Karelian: leinä

Livvi: leiny

Võro: lein


kaski

kaski (nominative singular)
kaskët (nominative plural)
kaskën (accusative singular)
kaskët (accusative plural)
kaskën (genitive singular)
kaskëdën (genitive plural)
kaskidën (genitive plural)
kaskëda (partitive singular)
kaskida (partitive plural)
kaskëssa (inessive singular)
kaskëhna (inessive singular)
kaskissa (inessive plural)
kaskihna (inessive plural)
kaskësta (elative singular)
kaskista (elative plural)
kaskëhën (illative singular)
kaskihën (illative plural)
kaskëlla (adessive singular)
kaskilla (adessive plural)
kaskëlta (ablative singular)
kaskilta (ablative plural)
kaskëlën (allative singular)
kaskëlëk (allative singular)
kaskilën (allative plural)
kaskilëk (allative plural)
kaskëna (essive singular)
kaskina (essive plural)
kaskëksi (singular translative)
kaskiksi (plural translative)
kaskën (instructive singular)
kaskin (instructive plural)
kaskënëk (comitative singular)
kaskinëk (comitative plural)
kaskëtta (abessive singular)
kaskitta (abessive plural)

Estonian: kask (“birch”)

Finnish: kaski

Ingrian: kaski

Karelian: kaški

Ludian kašk

Veps: kask

Votic: kahtši (“birch”)

Proposed to derive from a derivative of the Indo-European root *h₂eHs- (“to burn”) similar to Proto-Germanic *askǭ (“ashes”).
The Estonian and Votic reflexes show a shift to a meaning 'birch', for which a likely intermediate is reflected in a dialectal Finnish meaning (Southwestern and Far Northern) 'young birch, birch shoots'. These have been earlier compared with the Permic words for 'birch' (Komi кыдз (kydź), Udmurt кызьпу (kyźpu), from Proto-Uralic *kuće), but this has several phonetic difficulties.
Has also been compared to Armenian կեչի (kečʻi, “birch”).


kanki

kanki (nominative singular)
kangët (nominative plural)
kangën (accusative singular)
kangët (accusative plural)
kangën (genitive singular)
kankëdën (genitive plural)
kankidën (genitive plural)
kankëda (partitive singular)
kankida (partitive plural)
kangëssa (inessive singular)
kangëhna (inessive singular)
kangissa (inessive plural)
kangihna (inessive plural)
kangësta (elative singular)
kangista (elative plural)
kankëhën (illative singular)
kankihën (illative plural)
kangëlla (adessive singular)
kangilla (adessive plural)
kangëlta (ablative singular)
kangilta (ablative plural)
kankëlën (allative singular)
kankëlëk (allative singular)
kankilën (allative plural)
kankilëk (allative plural)
kankëna (essive singular)
kankina (essive plural)
kangëksi (singular translative)
kangiksi (plural translative)
kangën (instructive singular)
kangin (instructive plural)
kankënëk (comitative singular)
kankinëk (comitative plural)
kangëtta (abessive singular)
kangitta (abessive plural)

Estonian: kang

Finnish: kanki

→ Inari Sami: kaŋgâ

→ Northern Sami: gáŋga

→ Skolt Sami: kaŋgg

Ingrian: kanki

Karelian:

North Karelian: kanki

South Karelian: kangi

Livvi: kangi

Ludian: kang

Veps: kang

Võro: kang'

→ Lule Sami: gágga

→ Northern Sami: gágga

Possibly from the same root as *kankëda (“stiff, rigid”).


äijä

äijä (nominative singular)
äijät (nominative plural)
äijän (accusative singular)
äijät (accusative plural)
äijän (genitive singular)
äijäden (genitive plural)
äijeiden (genitive plural)
äijädä (partitive singular)
äijeidä (partitive plural)
äijässä (inessive singular)
äijähnä (inessive singular)
äijeissä (inessive plural)
äijeihnä (inessive plural)
äijästä (elative singular)
äijeistä (elative plural)
äijähen (illative singular)
äijeihen (illative plural)
äijällä (adessive singular)
äijeillä (adessive plural)
äijältä (ablative singular)
äijeiltä (ablative plural)
äijälen (allative singular)
äijälek (allative singular)
äijeilen (allative plural)
äijeilek (allative plural)
äijänä (essive singular)
äijeinä (essive plural)
äijäksi (singular translative)
äijeiksi (plural translative)
äijän (instructive singular)
äijein (instructive plural)
äijänek (comitative singular)
äijeinek (comitative plural)
äijättä (abessive singular)
äijeittä (abessive plural)

Estonian: äi

Finnish: äijä

Ingrian: äijä

Karelian:

North Karelian: äijä

South Karelian: äijä

Livvi: äijy

Ludian: äij

Veps: äi

Võro: äi

Votic: äjje, ädʹdʹe

From Proto-Finno-Permic *äjjä. Cognate with Proto-Samic *ājjē, *ājjā.


pulkka

pulkka (nominative singular)
pulk'at (nominative plural)
pulk'an (accusative singular)
pulk'at (accusative plural)
pulk'an (genitive singular)
pulkkadën (genitive plural)
pulkkëidën (genitive plural)
pulkkada (partitive singular)
pulkkëida (partitive plural)
pulk'assa (inessive singular)
pulk'ahna (inessive singular)
pulk'ëissa (inessive plural)
pulk'ëihna (inessive plural)
pulk'asta (elative singular)
pulk'ëista (elative plural)
pulkkahën (illative singular)
pulkkëihën (illative plural)
pulk'alla (adessive singular)
pulk'ëilla (adessive plural)
pulk'alta (ablative singular)
pulk'ëilta (ablative plural)
pulkkalën (allative singular)
pulkkalëk (allative singular)
pulkkëilën (allative plural)
pulkkëilëk (allative plural)
pulkkana (essive singular)
pulkkëina (essive plural)
pulk'aksi (singular translative)
pulk'ëiksi (plural translative)
pulk'an (instructive singular)
pulk'ëin (instructive plural)
pulkkanëk (comitative singular)
pulkkëinëk (comitative plural)
pulk'atta (abessive singular)
pulk'ëitta (abessive plural)

Estonian: pulk

Finnish: pulkka

Ingrian: pulkka

Karelian:

North Karelian: pulkka

South Karelian: bulkka

Livonian: pūlka

Võro: pulk

Votic: pulkkõ

Possibly borrowed by metathesis from Proto-Germanic *pluggą (whence Middle Low German plugge (“wooden peg”)).


punos

punos (nominative singular)
punoksët (nominative plural)
punoksën (accusative singular)
punoksët (accusative plural)
punoksën (genitive singular)
punostën (genitive plural)
punoksidën (genitive plural)
punosta (partitive singular)
punoksita (partitive plural)
punoksëssa (inessive singular)
punoksëhna (inessive singular)
punoksissa (inessive plural)
punoksihna (inessive plural)
punoksësta (elative singular)
punoksista (elative plural)
punoksësën (illative singular)
punoksisën (illative plural)
punoksëlla (adessive singular)
punoksilla (adessive plural)
punoksëlta (ablative singular)
punoksilta (ablative plural)
punoksëlën (allative singular)
punoksëlëk (allative singular)
punoksilën (allative plural)
punoksilëk (allative plural)
punossa (essive singular)
punoksina (essive plural)
punoksëksi (singular translative)
punoksiksi (plural translative)
punoksën (instructive singular)
punoksin (instructive plural)
punossëk (comitative singular)
punoksinëk (comitative plural)
punoksëtta (abessive singular)
punoksitta (abessive plural)

Finnish: punos

Karelian: punos

*punodak (“to weave”) + *-os, compare also Erzya понавкс (ponavks).


vihko

vihko (nominative singular)
vihkot (nominative plural)
vihkon (accusative singular)
vihkot (accusative plural)
vihkon (genitive singular)
vihkodën (genitive plural)
vihkoidën (genitive plural)
vihkoda (partitive singular)
vihkoida (partitive plural)
vihkossa (inessive singular)
vihkohna (inessive singular)
vihkoissa (inessive plural)
vihkoihna (inessive plural)
vihkosta (elative singular)
vihkoista (elative plural)
vihkohën (illative singular)
vihkoihën (illative plural)
vihkolla (adessive singular)
vihkoilla (adessive plural)
vihkolta (ablative singular)
vihkoilta (ablative plural)
vihkolën (allative singular)
vihkolëk (allative singular)
vihkoilën (allative plural)
vihkoilëk (allative plural)
vihkona (essive singular)
vihkoina (essive plural)
vihkoksi (singular translative)
vihkoiksi (plural translative)
vihkon (instructive singular)
vihkoin (instructive plural)
vihkonëk (comitative singular)
vihkoinëk (comitative plural)
vihkotta (abessive singular)
vihkoitta (abessive plural)

Estonian: vihk

Finnish: vihko

→ Northern Sami: vitku

Ingrian: vihko

Karelian: vihko

Livonian: vī’gõ

Livvi: vihko

Ludian: vihk

Veps: vihk

Võro: vihk

Votic: vihko

Borrowed from Proto-Germanic *wiskō, *wiskaz.


köhä

köhä (nominative singular)
köhät (nominative plural)
köhän (accusative singular)
köhät (accusative plural)
köhän (genitive singular)
köhäden (genitive plural)
köheiden (genitive plural)
köhädä (partitive singular)
köheidä (partitive plural)
köhässä (inessive singular)
köhähnä (inessive singular)
köheissä (inessive plural)
köheihnä (inessive plural)
köhästä (elative singular)
köheistä (elative plural)
köhähen (illative singular)
köheihen (illative plural)
köhällä (adessive singular)
köheillä (adessive plural)
köhältä (ablative singular)
köheiltä (ablative plural)
köhälen (allative singular)
köhälek (allative singular)
köheilen (allative plural)
köheilek (allative plural)
köhänä (essive singular)
köheinä (essive plural)
köhäksi (singular translative)
köheiksi (plural translative)
köhän (instructive singular)
köhein (instructive plural)
köhänek (comitative singular)
köheinek (comitative plural)
köhättä (abessive singular)
köheittä (abessive plural)

Estonian: köha

Finnish: köhä

Ingrian: köhä

Karelian: köhä

Livonian: kie’v

Võro: köhä, kühä

Votic: tšöhä

Of onomatopoeic origin. This is one of very few words reconstructed with the short phoneme *ö outside of diphthongs.


mökä

mökä (nominative singular)
mögät (nominative plural)
mögän (accusative singular)
mögät (accusative plural)
mögän (genitive singular)
mökäden (genitive plural)
mökeiden (genitive plural)
mökädä (partitive singular)
mökeidä (partitive plural)
mögässä (inessive singular)
mögähnä (inessive singular)
mögeissä (inessive plural)
mögeihnä (inessive plural)
mögästä (elative singular)
mögeistä (elative plural)
mökähen (illative singular)
mökeihen (illative plural)
mögällä (adessive singular)
mögeillä (adessive plural)
mögältä (ablative singular)
mögeiltä (ablative plural)
mökälen (allative singular)
mökälek (allative singular)
mökeilen (allative plural)
mökeilek (allative plural)
mökänä (essive singular)
mökeinä (essive plural)
mögäksi (singular translative)
mögeiksi (plural translative)
mögän (instructive singular)
mögein (instructive plural)
mökänek (comitative singular)
mökeinek (comitative plural)
mögättä (abessive singular)
mögeittä (abessive plural)

Estonian: möga

Finnish: mökä

Ingrian: möky

Karelian:

South Karelian: mögy

Livonian: mõgā

Livvi: mögy


ahjo

ahjo (nominative singular)
ahjot (nominative plural)
ahjon (accusative singular)
ahjot (accusative plural)
ahjon (genitive singular)
ahjodën (genitive plural)
ahjoidën (genitive plural)
ahjoda (partitive singular)
ahjoida (partitive plural)
ahjossa (inessive singular)
ahjohna (inessive singular)
ahjoissa (inessive plural)
ahjoihna (inessive plural)
ahjosta (elative singular)
ahjoista (elative plural)
ahjohën (illative singular)
ahjoihën (illative plural)
ahjolla (adessive singular)
ahjoilla (adessive plural)
ahjolta (ablative singular)
ahjoilta (ablative plural)
ahjolën (allative singular)
ahjolëk (allative singular)
ahjoilën (allative plural)
ahjoilëk (allative plural)
ahjona (essive singular)
ahjoina (essive plural)
ahjoksi (singular translative)
ahjoiksi (plural translative)
ahjon (instructive singular)
ahjoin (instructive plural)
ahjonëk (comitative singular)
ahjoinëk (comitative plural)
ahjotta (abessive singular)
ahjoitta (abessive plural)

Estonian: ahi

Finnish: ahjo

Karelian:

North Karelian: ahjo

South Karelian: ahjo

Livonian: ǭ’j

Livvi: ahjo

Ludian: ahd'

Veps: ahj

Võro: ahi, aho

Votic: ahjo

From earlier *ašjo, borrowed from Proto-Germanic *asjǭ. Compare German Esse.


vargas

vargas (nominative singular)
varkahët (nominative plural)
varkahën (accusative singular)
varkahët (accusative plural)
varkahën (genitive singular)
vargastën (genitive plural)
varkahidën (genitive plural)
vargasta (partitive singular)
varkahita (partitive plural)
varkahëssa (inessive singular)
varkahëhna (inessive singular)
varkahissa (inessive plural)
varkahihna (inessive plural)
varkahësta (elative singular)
varkahista (elative plural)
varkahësën (illative singular)
varkahisën (illative plural)
varkahëlla (adessive singular)
varkahilla (adessive plural)
varkahëlta (ablative singular)
varkahilta (ablative plural)
varkahëlën (allative singular)
varkahëlëk (allative singular)
varkahilën (allative plural)
varkahilëk (allative plural)
vargassa (essive singular)
varkahina (essive plural)
varkahëksi (singular translative)
varkahiksi (plural translative)
varkahën (instructive singular)
varkahin (instructive plural)
vargassëk (comitative singular)
varkahinëk (comitative plural)
varkahëtta (abessive singular)
varkahitta (abessive plural)

Estonian: varas

→ Livonian: (Salaca) var

Finnish: varas

Ingrian: varas

Karelian:

North Karelian: varaš

South Karelian: varraš

Livvi: varras

Ludian: vargaz

Veps: vargaz

Võro: varas

Votic: vargõz


telki

telki (nominative singular)
telget (nominative plural)
telgen (accusative singular)
telget (accusative plural)
telgen (genitive singular)
telkeden (genitive plural)
telkiden (genitive plural)
telkedä (partitive singular)
telkidä (partitive plural)
telgessä (inessive singular)
telgehnä (inessive singular)
telgissä (inessive plural)
telgihnä (inessive plural)
telgestä (elative singular)
telgistä (elative plural)
telkehen (illative singular)
telkihen (illative plural)
telgellä (adessive singular)
telgillä (adessive plural)
telgeltä (ablative singular)
telgiltä (ablative plural)
telkelen (allative singular)
telkelek (allative singular)
telkilen (allative plural)
telkilek (allative plural)
telkenä (essive singular)
telkinä (essive plural)
telgeksi (singular translative)
telgiksi (plural translative)
telgen (instructive singular)
telgin (instructive plural)
telkenek (comitative singular)
telkinek (comitative plural)
telgettä (abessive singular)
telgittä (abessive plural)

Estonian: telg

Finnish: telki

Ingrian: telki

Võro: telg'

Votic: teltši

Probably borrowed from Proto-Germanic *telgô, *telguz.


sänki

sänki (nominative singular)
sänget (nominative plural)
sängen (accusative singular)
sänget (accusative plural)
sängen (genitive singular)
sänkeden (genitive plural)
sänkiden (genitive plural)
sänkedä (partitive singular)
sänkidä (partitive plural)
sängessä (inessive singular)
sängehnä (inessive singular)
sängissä (inessive plural)
sängihnä (inessive plural)
sängestä (elative singular)
sängistä (elative plural)
sänkehen (illative singular)
sänkihen (illative plural)
sängellä (adessive singular)
sängillä (adessive plural)
sängeltä (ablative singular)
sängiltä (ablative plural)
sänkelen (allative singular)
sänkelek (allative singular)
sänkilen (allative plural)
sänkilek (allative plural)
sänkenä (essive singular)
sänkinä (essive plural)
sängeksi (singular translative)
sängiksi (plural translative)
sängen (instructive singular)
sängin (instructive plural)
sänkenek (comitative singular)
sänkinek (comitative plural)
sängettä (abessive singular)
sängittä (abessive plural)

Finnish: sänki

Ingrian: sänki

→ Votic: sänki

Karelian: sänki, sängi

Livvi: sängi

Ludian: šäng

Veps: säng

Votic: (Mati) säntši

Probably from Proto-Finno-Ugric *śäŋkɜ- (“to cut”), whence Proto-Samic *čieŋkëm and Hungarian szeg.


seimi

seimi (nominative singular)
seimet (nominative plural)
seimen (accusative singular)
seimet (accusative plural)
seimen (genitive singular)
seinden (genitive plural)
seimiden (genitive plural)
seintä (partitive singular)
seimidä (partitive plural)
seimessä (inessive singular)
seimehnä (inessive singular)
seimissä (inessive plural)
seimihnä (inessive plural)
seimestä (elative singular)
seimistä (elative plural)
seimehen (illative singular)
seimihen (illative plural)
seimellä (adessive singular)
seimillä (adessive plural)
seimeltä (ablative singular)
seimiltä (ablative plural)
seimelen (allative singular)
seimelek (allative singular)
seimilen (allative plural)
seimilek (allative plural)
seimenä (essive singular)
seiminä (essive plural)
seimeksi (singular translative)
seimiksi (plural translative)
seimen (instructive singular)
seimin (instructive plural)
seimenek (comitative singular)
seiminek (comitative plural)
seimettä (abessive singular)
seimittä (abessive plural)

Finnish: seimi

Ingrian: seimi

Võro: seim'

Votic: seimi

Estonian: sõim

Finnish: soimi

Ingrian: soimi, soima

Karelian: soimi

Livvi: soimi

Ludian: soim

Votic: sõimi

From earlier *sewimi, derived from Proto-Uralic *sewe-.


luhta

luhta (nominative singular)
luhtat (nominative plural)
luhtan (accusative singular)
luhtat (accusative plural)
luhtan (genitive singular)
luhtadën (genitive plural)
luhtëidën (genitive plural)
luhtada (partitive singular)
luhtëida (partitive plural)
luhtassa (inessive singular)
luhtahna (inessive singular)
luhtëissa (inessive plural)
luhtëihna (inessive plural)
luhtasta (elative singular)
luhtëista (elative plural)
luhtahën (illative singular)
luhtëihën (illative plural)
luhtalla (adessive singular)
luhtëilla (adessive plural)
luhtalta (ablative singular)
luhtëilta (ablative plural)
luhtalën (allative singular)
luhtalëk (allative singular)
luhtëilën (allative plural)
luhtëilëk (allative plural)
luhtana (essive singular)
luhtëina (essive plural)
luhtaksi (singular translative)
luhtëiksi (plural translative)
luhtan (instructive singular)
luhtëin (instructive plural)
luhtanëk (comitative singular)
luhtëinëk (comitative plural)
luhtatta (abessive singular)
luhtëitta (abessive plural)

Estonian: luht

Finnish: luhta

Ingrian: luhta

Karelian:

North Karelian: luhta

South Karelian: luhta

Livvi: luhtu

Ludian: luht

Veps: luht

Võro: luht

Votic: luhtõ

From earlier *lušta, borrowed from Proto-Baltic [Term?] (whence Latvian luksts, Lithuanian lukštas (“Caltha palustris”)).


hanka

hanka (nominative singular)
hangat (nominative plural)
hangan (accusative singular)
hangat (accusative plural)
hangan (genitive singular)
hankadën (genitive plural)
hankoidën (genitive plural)
hankada (partitive singular)
hankoida (partitive plural)
hangassa (inessive singular)
hangahna (inessive singular)
hangoissa (inessive plural)
hangoihna (inessive plural)
hangasta (elative singular)
hangoista (elative plural)
hankahën (illative singular)
hankoihën (illative plural)
hangalla (adessive singular)
hangoilla (adessive plural)
hangalta (ablative singular)
hangoilta (ablative plural)
hankalën (allative singular)
hankalëk (allative singular)
hankoilën (allative plural)
hankoilëk (allative plural)
hankana (essive singular)
hankoina (essive plural)
hangaksi (singular translative)
hangoiksi (plural translative)
hangan (instructive singular)
hangoin (instructive plural)
hankanëk (comitative singular)
hankoinëk (comitative plural)
hangatta (abessive singular)
hangoitta (abessive plural)

Finnish: hanka

Karelian:

North Karelian: hanka

South Karelian: hanga

Livvi: hangu

Ludian: hang

Estonian: (dialectal) angas

Võro: hank

From earlier *šanka, possibly borrowed from Proto-Baltic [Term?] (whence Lithuanian atšanka, atšankė̃). The sense "rowlock" may have been borrowed from Proto-Germanic *hanhuz (whence Old Norse hár (“rowlock, thole”), Norwegian Nynorsk hå (“rowlock, thole”)).


kerä

kerä (nominative singular)
kerät (nominative plural)
kerän (accusative singular)
kerät (accusative plural)
kerän (genitive singular)
keräden (genitive plural)
kereiden (genitive plural)
kerädä (partitive singular)
kereidä (partitive plural)
kerässä (inessive singular)
kerähnä (inessive singular)
kereissä (inessive plural)
kereihnä (inessive plural)
kerästä (elative singular)
kereistä (elative plural)
kerähen (illative singular)
kereihen (illative plural)
kerällä (adessive singular)
kereillä (adessive plural)
kerältä (ablative singular)
kereiltä (ablative plural)
kerälen (allative singular)
kerälek (allative singular)
kereilen (allative plural)
kereilek (allative plural)
keränä (essive singular)
kereinä (essive plural)
keräksi (singular translative)
kereiksi (plural translative)
kerän (instructive singular)
kerein (instructive plural)
keränek (comitative singular)
kereinek (comitative plural)
kerättä (abessive singular)
kereittä (abessive plural)

Estonian: kera

Finnish: kerä

Ingrian: kerä

Karelian:

North Karelian: kerä

South Karelian: kerä

Livonian: kierā

Livvi: kerä

Ludian: kerä

Veps: kera

Võro: kerä

Votic: tšerä


käppä

käppä (nominative singular)
käp'ät (nominative plural)
käp'än (accusative singular)
käp'ät (accusative plural)
käp'än (genitive singular)
käppäden (genitive plural)
käppeiden (genitive plural)
käppädä (partitive singular)
käppeidä (partitive plural)
käp'ässä (inessive singular)
käp'ähnä (inessive singular)
käp'eissä (inessive plural)
käp'eihnä (inessive plural)
käp'ästä (elative singular)
käp'eistä (elative plural)
käppähen (illative singular)
käppeihen (illative plural)
käp'ällä (adessive singular)
käp'eillä (adessive plural)
käp'ältä (ablative singular)
käp'eiltä (ablative plural)
käppälen (allative singular)
käppälek (allative singular)
käppeilen (allative plural)
käppeilek (allative plural)
käppänä (essive singular)
käppeinä (essive plural)
käp'äksi (singular translative)
käp'eiksi (plural translative)
käp'än (instructive singular)
käp'ein (instructive plural)
käppänek (comitative singular)
käppeinek (comitative plural)
käp'ättä (abessive singular)
käp'eittä (abessive plural)

Estonian: käpp

Finnish: (dialectal or archaic) käppä

Karelian: käppä, käppy, käppi

Livonian: käpā

→ Latvian: ķepa

Ludian: käpät

Võro: käpp


lappa

lappa (nominative singular)
lap'at (nominative plural)
lap'an (accusative singular)
lap'at (accusative plural)
lap'an (genitive singular)
lappadën (genitive plural)
lappoidën (genitive plural)
lappada (partitive singular)
lappoida (partitive plural)
lap'assa (inessive singular)
lap'ahna (inessive singular)
lap'oissa (inessive plural)
lap'oihna (inessive plural)
lap'asta (elative singular)
lap'oista (elative plural)
lappahën (illative singular)
lappoihën (illative plural)
lap'alla (adessive singular)
lap'oilla (adessive plural)
lap'alta (ablative singular)
lap'oilta (ablative plural)
lappalën (allative singular)
lappalëk (allative singular)
lappoilën (allative plural)
lappoilëk (allative plural)
lappana (essive singular)
lappoina (essive plural)
lap'aksi (singular translative)
lap'oiksi (plural translative)
lap'an (instructive singular)
lap'oin (instructive plural)
lappanëk (comitative singular)
lappoinëk (comitative plural)
lap'atta (abessive singular)
lap'oitta (abessive plural)

Finnish: (dialectal) lappa

Ingrian: lappa

Karelian:

North Karelian: lappa

South Karelian: lappa

Livvi: lappu

Ludian: lapp

⇒? Veps: lapak ("flat")

Borrowed from Proto-Baltic *lapā or *lapa (whence Latvian lapa, Lithuanian lapa, lapas).


käpsä

käpsä (nominative singular)
käpsät (nominative plural)
käpsän (accusative singular)
käpsät (accusative plural)
käpsän (genitive singular)
käpsäden (genitive plural)
käpseiden (genitive plural)
käpsädä (partitive singular)
käpseidä (partitive plural)
käpsässä (inessive singular)
käpsähnä (inessive singular)
käpseissä (inessive plural)
käpseihnä (inessive plural)
käpsästä (elative singular)
käpseistä (elative plural)
käpsähen (illative singular)
käpseihen (illative plural)
käpsällä (adessive singular)
käpseillä (adessive plural)
käpsältä (ablative singular)
käpseiltä (ablative plural)
käpsälen (allative singular)
käpsälek (allative singular)
käpseilen (allative plural)
käpseilek (allative plural)
käpsänä (essive singular)
käpseinä (essive plural)
käpsäksi (singular translative)
käpseiksi (plural translative)
käpsän (instructive singular)
käpsein (instructive plural)
käpsänek (comitative singular)
käpseinek (comitative plural)
käpsättä (abessive singular)
käpseittä (abessive plural)

Estonian: käps

Finnish: käpsä

Veps: käps (< *käpsü)


tuhma

tuhma (nominative singular)
tuhmat (nominative plural)
tuhman (accusative singular)
tuhmat (accusative plural)
tuhman (genitive singular)
tuhmadën (genitive plural)
tuhmëidën (genitive plural)
tuhmada (partitive singular)
tuhmëida (partitive plural)
tuhmassa (inessive singular)
tuhmahna (inessive singular)
tuhmëissa (inessive plural)
tuhmëihna (inessive plural)
tuhmasta (elative singular)
tuhmëista (elative plural)
tuhmahën (illative singular)
tuhmëihën (illative plural)
tuhmalla (adessive singular)
tuhmëilla (adessive plural)
tuhmalta (ablative singular)
tuhmëilta (ablative plural)
tuhmalën (allative singular)
tuhmalëk (allative singular)
tuhmëilën (allative plural)
tuhmëilëk (allative plural)
tuhmana (essive singular)
tuhmëina (essive plural)
tuhmaksi (singular translative)
tuhmëiksi (plural translative)
tuhman (instructive singular)
tuhmëin (instructive plural)
tuhmanëk (comitative singular)
tuhmëinëk (comitative plural)
tuhmatta (abessive singular)
tuhmëitta (abessive plural)

Estonian: tuhm

Finnish: tuhma

→ Northern Sami: došmi

Ingrian: tuhma

Karelian:

North Karelian: tuhma

South Karelian: tuhma

Livvi: tuhmu

Ludian: tuhm

Veps: tuhm

Võro: tuhm'

Votic: tuhmõ

Estonian: (dialectal) tühm

Finnish: tyhmä

→ Northern Sami: diihmi

Karelian:

North Karelian: tyhmä

⇒ Ludian: tühmäk

From earlier *tušma (whence also Proto-Samic *tosmē), possibly from Proto-Finno-Permic *tušma (whence Komi-Zyrian дыш (dyš)). Alternatively, borrowed from Proto-Germanic *dusmaz (whence Danish dosmer, Norwegian Nynorsk dosmar).


puuska

puuska (nominative singular)
puuskat (nominative plural)
puuskan (accusative singular)
puuskat (accusative plural)
puuskan (genitive singular)
puuskadën (genitive plural)
puuskëidën (genitive plural)
puuskada (partitive singular)
puuskëida (partitive plural)
puuskassa (inessive singular)
puuskahna (inessive singular)
puuskëissa (inessive plural)
puuskëihna (inessive plural)
puuskasta (elative singular)
puuskëista (elative plural)
puuskahën (illative singular)
puuskëihën (illative plural)
puuskalla (adessive singular)
puuskëilla (adessive plural)
puuskalta (ablative singular)
puuskëilta (ablative plural)
puuskalën (allative singular)
puuskalëk (allative singular)
puuskëilën (allative plural)
puuskëilëk (allative plural)
puuskana (essive singular)
puuskëina (essive plural)
puuskaksi (singular translative)
puuskëiksi (plural translative)
puuskan (instructive singular)
puuskëin (instructive plural)
puuskanëk (comitative singular)
puuskëinëk (comitative plural)
puuskatta (abessive singular)
puuskëitta (abessive plural)

Finnish: puuska

→? Karelian:

North Karelian: puuska

South Karelian: puuska

Livonian: ⇒ pūškõ


puuska

Estonian: puus, (archaic, dialectal) puusk

Finnish: puuska

Ingrian: puuska

Võro: puusk

Votic: puuskõ


ahava

ahava (nominative singular)
ahavat (nominative plural)
ahavan (accusative singular)
ahavat (accusative plural)
ahavan (genitive singular)
ahavadën (genitive plural)
ahavoidën (genitive plural)
ahavata (partitive singular)
ahavoita (partitive plural)
ahavassa (inessive singular)
ahavahna (inessive singular)
ahavoissa (inessive plural)
ahavoihna (inessive plural)
ahavasta (elative singular)
ahavoista (elative plural)
ahavasën (illative singular)
ahavoisën (illative plural)
ahavalla (adessive singular)
ahavoilla (adessive plural)
ahavalta (ablative singular)
ahavoilta (ablative plural)
ahavalën (allative singular)
ahavalëk (allative singular)
ahavoilën (allative plural)
ahavoilëk (allative plural)
ahavana (essive singular)
ahavoina (essive plural)
ahavaksi (singular translative)
ahavoiksi (plural translative)
ahavan (instructive singular)
ahavoin (instructive plural)
ahavanëk (comitative singular)
ahavoinëk (comitative plural)
ahavatta (abessive singular)
ahavoitta (abessive plural)

Estonian: ahav, aha, ahe (dialectal)

Finnish: ahava

→ Northern Sami: áfi

Ingrian: ahava

Karelian:

North Karelian: ahava

South Karelian: ahava

Livvi: ahavu

Ludian: ahav

Veps: ahau

Votic: ahavõ


ruuhi

ruuhi (nominative singular)
ruuhët (nominative plural)
ruuhën (accusative singular)
ruuhët (accusative plural)
ruuhën (genitive singular)
ruuhtën (genitive plural)
ruuhidën (genitive plural)
ruuhta (partitive singular)
ruuhida (partitive plural)
ruuhëssa (inessive singular)
ruuhëhna (inessive singular)
ruuhissa (inessive plural)
ruuhihna (inessive plural)
ruuhësta (elative singular)
ruuhista (elative plural)
ruuhëhën (illative singular)
ruuhihën (illative plural)
ruuhëlla (adessive singular)
ruuhilla (adessive plural)
ruuhëlta (ablative singular)
ruuhilta (ablative plural)
ruuhëlën (allative singular)
ruuhëlëk (allative singular)
ruuhilën (allative plural)
ruuhilëk (allative plural)
ruuhëna (essive singular)
ruuhina (essive plural)
ruuhëksi (singular translative)
ruuhiksi (plural translative)
ruuhën (instructive singular)
ruuhin (instructive plural)
ruuhënëk (comitative singular)
ruuhinëk (comitative plural)
ruuhëtta (abessive singular)
ruuhitta (abessive plural)

Estonian: ruhi

Finnish: ruuhi

Ingrian: ruuhi

Karelian:

North Karelian: ruuhi

South Karelian: ruuhi

Livvi: ruuhi

Ludian: ruuhi

Veps: ruuhd, ruuh

Võro: ruih

Votic: rohi-, ruhi- (in compounds: rohipuu, ruhipuu)


tilkka

tilkka (nominative singular)
tilk'at (nominative plural)
tilk'an (accusative singular)
tilk'at (accusative plural)
tilk'an (genitive singular)
tilkkadën (genitive plural)
tilkkoidën (genitive plural)
tilkkada (partitive singular)
tilkkoida (partitive plural)
tilk'assa (inessive singular)
tilk'ahna (inessive singular)
tilk'oissa (inessive plural)
tilk'oihna (inessive plural)
tilk'asta (elative singular)
tilk'oista (elative plural)
tilkkahën (illative singular)
tilkkoihën (illative plural)
tilk'alla (adessive singular)
tilk'oilla (adessive plural)
tilk'alta (ablative singular)
tilk'oilta (ablative plural)
tilkkalën (allative singular)
tilkkalëk (allative singular)
tilkkoilën (allative plural)
tilkkoilëk (allative plural)
tilkkana (essive singular)
tilkkoina (essive plural)
tilk'aksi (singular translative)
tilk'oiksi (plural translative)
tilk'an (instructive singular)
tilk'oin (instructive plural)
tilkkanëk (comitative singular)
tilkkoinëk (comitative plural)
tilk'atta (abessive singular)
tilk'oitta (abessive plural)

Estonian: tilk

Finnish: tilkka

Ingrian: tilkka

Karelian:

North Karelian: tilkka

South Karelian: tilkka

Livonian: tīlka

Livvi: tilku

Ludian: tilk

Võro: tsilk

Votic: tilkkõ


ocra

ocra (nominative singular)
ocrat (nominative plural)
ocran (accusative singular)
ocrat (accusative plural)
ocran (genitive singular)
ocradën (genitive plural)
ocrëidën (genitive plural)
ocrada (partitive singular)
ocrëida (partitive plural)
ocrassa (inessive singular)
ocrahna (inessive singular)
ocrëissa (inessive plural)
ocrëihna (inessive plural)
ocrasta (elative singular)
ocrëista (elative plural)
ocrahën (illative singular)
ocrëihën (illative plural)
ocralla (adessive singular)
ocrëilla (adessive plural)
ocralta (ablative singular)
ocrëilta (ablative plural)
ocralën (allative singular)
ocralëk (allative singular)
ocrëilën (allative plural)
ocrëilëk (allative plural)
ocrana (essive singular)
ocrëina (essive plural)
ocraksi (singular translative)
ocrëiksi (plural translative)
ocran (instructive singular)
ocrëin (instructive plural)
ocranëk (comitative singular)
ocrëinëk (comitative plural)
ocratta (abessive singular)
ocrëitta (abessive plural)

Estonian: oder, (dialectal) otra

Finnish: ohra, (dialectal) otra

Ingrian: odra, (dialectal) osra

Karelian: osra, ozra

Livonian: vȯ’ddõrz

Livvi: ozru

Ludian: ozr

Veps: ozr

Votic: õzrõ

Likely borrowed from Baltic, compare Proto-Balto-Slavic *aśras (“sharp”).


rihma

rihma (nominative singular)
rihmat (nominative plural)
rihman (accusative singular)
rihmat (accusative plural)
rihman (genitive singular)
rihmadën (genitive plural)
rihmoidën (genitive plural)
rihmada (partitive singular)
rihmoida (partitive plural)
rihmassa (inessive singular)
rihmahna (inessive singular)
rihmoissa (inessive plural)
rihmoihna (inessive plural)
rihmasta (elative singular)
rihmoista (elative plural)
rihmahën (illative singular)
rihmoihën (illative plural)
rihmalla (adessive singular)
rihmoilla (adessive plural)
rihmalta (ablative singular)
rihmoilta (ablative plural)
rihmalën (allative singular)
rihmalëk (allative singular)
rihmoilën (allative plural)
rihmoilëk (allative plural)
rihmana (essive singular)
rihmoina (essive plural)
rihmaksi (singular translative)
rihmoiksi (plural translative)
rihman (instructive singular)
rihmoin (instructive plural)
rihmanëk (comitative singular)
rihmoinëk (comitative plural)
rihmatta (abessive singular)
rihmoitta (abessive plural)

Estonian: rihm

Finnish: rihma

Ingrian: rihma

Karelian:

North Karelian: rihma

South Karelian: rihma, riihma

Livonian: rī’mõz

Livvi: rihmu

Ludian: rihm

Veps: rihm

Võro: rihm

Votic: rihmõ

From earlier *rišma, borrowed from Proto-Baltic [Term?] (compare Latvian risamais, Lithuanian rišimas).


vetelä

vetelä (nominative singular)
vetelät (nominative plural)
vetelän (accusative singular)
vetelät (accusative plural)
vetelän (genitive singular)
veteläden (genitive plural)
veteleiden (genitive plural)
vetelätä (partitive singular)
veteleitä (partitive plural)
vetelässä (inessive singular)
vetelähnä (inessive singular)
veteleissä (inessive plural)
veteleihnä (inessive plural)
vetelästä (elative singular)
veteleistä (elative plural)
veteläsen (illative singular)
veteleisen (illative plural)
vetelällä (adessive singular)
veteleillä (adessive plural)
vetelältä (ablative singular)
veteleiltä (ablative plural)
vetelälen (allative singular)
vetelälek (allative singular)
veteleilen (allative plural)
veteleilek (allative plural)
vetelänä (essive singular)
veteleinä (essive plural)
veteläksi (singular translative)
veteleiksi (plural translative)
vetelän (instructive singular)
vetelein (instructive plural)
vetelänek (comitative singular)
veteleinek (comitative plural)
vetelättä (abessive singular)
veteleittä (abessive plural)

Estonian: vedel

Finnish: vetelä

Ingrian: vetelä

Karelian:

North Karelian: vetelä

South Karelian: vedelä

Livonian: vie’ddõl

Livvi: vedel

Ludian: vedel

Võro: vetel'

Votic: vetele


tahma

tahma (nominative singular)
tahmat (nominative plural)
tahman (accusative singular)
tahmat (accusative plural)
tahman (genitive singular)
tahmadën (genitive plural)
tahmoidën (genitive plural)
tahmada (partitive singular)
tahmoida (partitive plural)
tahmassa (inessive singular)
tahmahna (inessive singular)
tahmoissa (inessive plural)
tahmoihna (inessive plural)
tahmasta (elative singular)
tahmoista (elative plural)
tahmahën (illative singular)
tahmoihën (illative plural)
tahmalla (adessive singular)
tahmoilla (adessive plural)
tahmalta (ablative singular)
tahmoilta (ablative plural)
tahmalën (allative singular)
tahmalëk (allative singular)
tahmoilën (allative plural)
tahmoilëk (allative plural)
tahmana (essive singular)
tahmoina (essive plural)
tahmaksi (singular translative)
tahmoiksi (plural translative)
tahman (instructive singular)
tahmoin (instructive plural)
tahmanëk (comitative singular)
tahmoinëk (comitative plural)
tahmatta (abessive singular)
tahmoitta (abessive plural)

Estonian: tahm

Finnish: tahma

Ingrian: ⇒ tahmia

Võro: tahm

Votic: ⇒ tahmaza


huima

huima (nominative singular)
huimat (nominative plural)
huiman (accusative singular)
huimat (accusative plural)
huiman (genitive singular)
huimadën (genitive plural)
huimëidën (genitive plural)
huimada (partitive singular)
huimëida (partitive plural)
huimassa (inessive singular)
huimahna (inessive singular)
huimëissa (inessive plural)
huimëihna (inessive plural)
huimasta (elative singular)
huimëista (elative plural)
huimahën (illative singular)
huimëihën (illative plural)
huimalla (adessive singular)
huimëilla (adessive plural)
huimalta (ablative singular)
huimëilta (ablative plural)
huimalën (allative singular)
huimalëk (allative singular)
huimëilën (allative plural)
huimëilëk (allative plural)
huimana (essive singular)
huimëina (essive plural)
huimaksi (singular translative)
huimëiksi (plural translative)
huiman (instructive singular)
huimëin (instructive plural)
huimanëk (comitative singular)
huimëinëk (comitative plural)
huimatta (abessive singular)
huimëitta (abessive plural)

Estonian: uim

Finnish: huima

→ Votic: huimõ

Ingrian: huima

Karelian:

North Karelian: huima

South Karelian: huima

Livvi: huimu

Ludian: huim

Võro: hoim

Probably from earlier *šujma and borrowed from Proto-Germanic *swīmô, *swimô (whence Old Norse svími, svimi), or alternatively, later loan from Proto-Norse [Term?] (whence Old Norse hvima, Swedish hvimsa).


laaka

laaka (nominative singular)
laagat (nominative plural)
laagan (accusative singular)
laagat (accusative plural)
laagan (genitive singular)
laakadën (genitive plural)
laakoidën (genitive plural)
laakada (partitive singular)
laakoida (partitive plural)
laagassa (inessive singular)
laagahna (inessive singular)
laagoissa (inessive plural)
laagoihna (inessive plural)
laagasta (elative singular)
laagoista (elative plural)
laakahën (illative singular)
laakoihën (illative plural)
laagalla (adessive singular)
laagoilla (adessive plural)
laagalta (ablative singular)
laagoilta (ablative plural)
laakalën (allative singular)
laakalëk (allative singular)
laakoilën (allative plural)
laakoilëk (allative plural)
laakana (essive singular)
laakoina (essive plural)
laagaksi (singular translative)
laagoiksi (plural translative)
laagan (instructive singular)
laagoin (instructive plural)
laakanëk (comitative singular)
laakoinëk (comitative plural)
laagatta (abessive singular)
laagoitta (abessive plural)

Finnish: laaka

⇒ Ingrian: laaku

Votic: (Mati) laaka

Borrowed from Proto-Norse [script needed] (*lāgaʀ), from Proto-Germanic *lēgaz.


kaiho

kaiho (nominative singular)
kaihot (nominative plural)
kaihon (accusative singular)
kaihot (accusative plural)
kaihon (genitive singular)
kaihodën (genitive plural)
kaihoidën (genitive plural)
kaihoda (partitive singular)
kaihoida (partitive plural)
kaihossa (inessive singular)
kaihohna (inessive singular)
kaihoissa (inessive plural)
kaihoihna (inessive plural)
kaihosta (elative singular)
kaihoista (elative plural)
kaihohën (illative singular)
kaihoihën (illative plural)
kaiholla (adessive singular)
kaihoilla (adessive plural)
kaiholta (ablative singular)
kaihoilta (ablative plural)
kaiholën (allative singular)
kaiholëk (allative singular)
kaihoilën (allative plural)
kaihoilëk (allative plural)
kaihona (essive singular)
kaihoina (essive plural)
kaihoksi (singular translative)
kaihoiksi (plural translative)
kaihon (instructive singular)
kaihoin (instructive plural)
kaihonëk (comitative singular)
kaihoinëk (comitative plural)
kaihotta (abessive singular)
kaihoitta (abessive plural)

Estonian: kahju

Finnish: kaiho

Ingrian: kaiho

→ Votic: kaiho

Karelian:

North Karelian: kaiho

South Karelian: kaiho

Livonian: ka’i, ⇒ ka’jtõ (“to harm, damage”)

→ Latvian: kaitēt (“to harm, damage”)

Võro: kaih

From Proto-Uralic *kajša-w (“sickness”).


pahna

pahna (nominative singular)
pahnat (nominative plural)
pahnan (accusative singular)
pahnat (accusative plural)
pahnan (genitive singular)
pahnadën (genitive plural)
pahnoidën (genitive plural)
pahnada (partitive singular)
pahnoida (partitive plural)
pahnassa (inessive singular)
pahnahna (inessive singular)
pahnoissa (inessive plural)
pahnoihna (inessive plural)
pahnasta (elative singular)
pahnoista (elative plural)
pahnahën (illative singular)
pahnoihën (illative plural)
pahnalla (adessive singular)
pahnoilla (adessive plural)
pahnalta (ablative singular)
pahnoilta (ablative plural)
pahnalën (allative singular)
pahnalëk (allative singular)
pahnoilën (allative plural)
pahnoilëk (allative plural)
pahnana (essive singular)
pahnoina (essive plural)
pahnaksi (singular translative)
pahnoiksi (plural translative)
pahnan (instructive singular)
pahnoin (instructive plural)
pahnanëk (comitative singular)
pahnoinëk (comitative plural)
pahnatta (abessive singular)
pahnoitta (abessive plural)

Estonian: pahn

Finnish: pahna

Ingrian: pahna

Karelian: pahna

Livvi: pahnu

Ludian: pahn

Veps: pahn

Votic: (Jõgõperä) pahnõ

Livonian: pǭ’dõz

Võro: paht

Possibly borrowed from Proto-Germanic [Term?] (whence Icelandic fönn).


purku

purku (nominative singular)
purgut (nominative plural)
purgun (accusative singular)
purgut (accusative plural)
purgun (genitive singular)
purkudën (genitive plural)
purkuidën (genitive plural)
purkuda (partitive singular)
purkuida (partitive plural)
purgussa (inessive singular)
purguhna (inessive singular)
purguissa (inessive plural)
purguihna (inessive plural)
purgusta (elative singular)
purguista (elative plural)
purkuhën (illative singular)
purkuihën (illative plural)
purgulla (adessive singular)
purguilla (adessive plural)
purgulta (ablative singular)
purguilta (ablative plural)
purkulën (allative singular)
purkulëk (allative singular)
purkuilën (allative plural)
purkuilëk (allative plural)
purkuna (essive singular)
purkuina (essive plural)
purguksi (singular translative)
purguiksi (plural translative)
purgun (instructive singular)
purguin (instructive plural)
purkunëk (comitative singular)
purkuinëk (comitative plural)
purgutta (abessive singular)
purguitta (abessive plural)

Finnish: (dialectal) purku

Karelian:

North Karelian: purku

South Karelian: purgu

Livvi: purgu

Ludian: purg

Veps: purg

→ Russian: пурга (purga)

From Proto-Uralic *purke. Cognate with Proto-Samic *porkë.


puppu

puppu (nominative singular)
pup'ut (nominative plural)
pup'un (accusative singular)
pup'ut (accusative plural)
pup'un (genitive singular)
puppudën (genitive plural)
puppuidën (genitive plural)
puppuda (partitive singular)
puppuida (partitive plural)
pup'ussa (inessive singular)
pup'uhna (inessive singular)
pup'uissa (inessive plural)
pup'uihna (inessive plural)
pup'usta (elative singular)
pup'uista (elative plural)
puppuhën (illative singular)
puppuihën (illative plural)
pup'ulla (adessive singular)
pup'uilla (adessive plural)
pup'ulta (ablative singular)
pup'uilta (ablative plural)
puppulën (allative singular)
puppulëk (allative singular)
puppuilën (allative plural)
puppuilëk (allative plural)
puppuna (essive singular)
puppuina (essive plural)
pup'uksi (singular translative)
pup'uiksi (plural translative)
pup'un (instructive singular)
pup'uin (instructive plural)
puppunëk (comitative singular)
puppuinëk (comitative plural)
pup'utta (abessive singular)
pup'uitta (abessive plural)

Estonian: pupp

Finnish: puppu

⇒ Livvi: pupoi

Võro: pupp

Votic: (Rajo) puppu


haisu

haisu (nominative singular)
haisut (nominative plural)
haisun (accusative singular)
haisut (accusative plural)
haisun (genitive singular)
haisudën (genitive plural)
haisuidën (genitive plural)
haisuda (partitive singular)
haisuida (partitive plural)
haisussa (inessive singular)
haisuhna (inessive singular)
haisuissa (inessive plural)
haisuihna (inessive plural)
haisusta (elative singular)
haisuista (elative plural)
haisuhën (illative singular)
haisuihën (illative plural)
haisulla (adessive singular)
haisuilla (adessive plural)
haisulta (ablative singular)
haisuilta (ablative plural)
haisulën (allative singular)
haisulëk (allative singular)
haisuilën (allative plural)
haisuilëk (allative plural)
haisuna (essive singular)
haisuina (essive plural)
haisuksi (singular translative)
haisuiksi (plural translative)
haisun (instructive singular)
haisuin (instructive plural)
haisunëk (comitative singular)
haisuinëk (comitative plural)
haisutta (abessive singular)
haisuitta (abessive plural)

Estonian: hais

Finnish: haisu

Ingrian: haisu

→ Votic: haisu

Karelian: (Northern) haisu (Southern) haizu

Livvi: haizu

Ludian: haiž

Veps: haiž

Võro: hais

Votic: (Kattila, Mati) aisu


lako

lako (nominative singular)
lagot (nominative plural)
lagon (accusative singular)
lagot (accusative plural)
lagon (genitive singular)
lakodën (genitive plural)
lakoidën (genitive plural)
lakoda (partitive singular)
lakoida (partitive plural)
lagossa (inessive singular)
lagohna (inessive singular)
lagoissa (inessive plural)
lagoihna (inessive plural)
lagosta (elative singular)
lagoista (elative plural)
lakohën (illative singular)
lakoihën (illative plural)
lagolla (adessive singular)
lagoilla (adessive plural)
lagolta (ablative singular)
lagoilta (ablative plural)
lakolën (allative singular)
lakolëk (allative singular)
lakoilën (allative plural)
lakoilëk (allative plural)
lakona (essive singular)
lakoina (essive plural)
lagoksi (singular translative)
lagoiksi (plural translative)
lagon (instructive singular)
lagoin (instructive plural)
lakonëk (comitative singular)
lakoinëk (comitative plural)
lagotta (abessive singular)
lagoitta (abessive plural)

Estonian: lagu

Finnish: lako

Ingrian: lako

Karelian:

North Karelian: lako

South Karelian: lago

Livvi: lago

Ludian: lago

Veps: lago

Votic: lako

Borrowed from Proto-Germanic *lagą (whence Old Norse lag (“stratum, layer, due place, right position”)).

cog

lodging (condition of a plant being flattened in the field)


närä

närä (nominative singular)
närät (nominative plural)
närän (accusative singular)
närät (accusative plural)
närän (genitive singular)
näräden (genitive plural)
näreiden (genitive plural)
närädä (partitive singular)
näreidä (partitive plural)
närässä (inessive singular)
närähnä (inessive singular)
näreissä (inessive plural)
näreihnä (inessive plural)
närästä (elative singular)
näreistä (elative plural)
närähen (illative singular)
näreihen (illative plural)
närällä (adessive singular)
näreillä (adessive plural)
närältä (ablative singular)
näreiltä (ablative plural)
närälen (allative singular)
närälek (allative singular)
näreilen (allative plural)
näreilek (allative plural)
näränä (essive singular)
näreinä (essive plural)
näräksi (singular translative)
näreiksi (plural translative)
närän (instructive singular)
närein (instructive plural)
näränek (comitative singular)
näreinek (comitative plural)
närättä (abessive singular)
näreittä (abessive plural)

⇒ Estonian: (dialectal) närel

Finnish: (dialectal) närä

⇒ Finnish: närästää

Livonian: närā

Votic: (Jõgõperä) närä


nuti

nuti (nominative singular)
nudit (nominative plural)
nudin (accusative singular)
nudit (accusative plural)
nudin (genitive singular)
nutidën (genitive plural)
nutëjidën (genitive plural)
nutida (partitive singular)
nutëjita (partitive plural)
nudissa (inessive singular)
nudihna (inessive singular)
nutëjissa (inessive plural)
nutëjihna (inessive plural)
nudista (elative singular)
nutëjista (elative plural)
nutihën (illative singular)
nutëjisën (illative plural)
nudilla (adessive singular)
nutëjilla (adessive plural)
nudilta (ablative singular)
nutëjilta (ablative plural)
nutilën (allative singular)
nutilëk (allative singular)
nutëjilën (allative plural)
nutëjilëk (allative plural)
nutina (essive singular)
nutëjina (essive plural)
nudiksi (singular translative)
nutëjiksi (plural translative)
nudin (instructive singular)
nutëjin (instructive plural)
nutinëk (comitative singular)
nutëjinëk (comitative plural)
nuditta (abessive singular)
nutëjitta (abessive plural)

Estonian: nudi

Finnish: nuti

Võro: nudi


jata

jata (nominative singular)
jadat (nominative plural)
jadan (accusative singular)
jadat (accusative plural)
jadan (genitive singular)
jatadën (genitive plural)
jatoidën (genitive plural)
jatada (partitive singular)
jatoida (partitive plural)
jadassa (inessive singular)
jadahna (inessive singular)
jadoissa (inessive plural)
jadoihna (inessive plural)
jadasta (elative singular)
jadoista (elative plural)
jatahën (illative singular)
jatoihën (illative plural)
jadalla (adessive singular)
jadoilla (adessive plural)
jadalta (ablative singular)
jadoilta (ablative plural)
jatalën (allative singular)
jatalëk (allative singular)
jatoilën (allative plural)
jatoilëk (allative plural)
jatana (essive singular)
jatoina (essive plural)
jadaksi (singular translative)
jadoiksi (plural translative)
jadan (instructive singular)
jadoin (instructive plural)
jatanëk (comitative singular)
jatoinëk (comitative plural)
jadatta (abessive singular)
jadoitta (abessive plural)

Estonian: jada

Finnish: jata

→? Northern Sami: jáhti

Karelian: jata

Livonian: jadā

line of fishnets that are connected together


vilu

Unknown. May be derived from a front-vocalic root *vilä- or *vile- + *-u, given the likely derivatives Finnish viileä, Ingrian viiliä and Karelian viilie.


vilu

vilu (nominative singular)
vilut (nominative plural)
vilun (accusative singular)
vilut (accusative plural)
vilun (genitive singular)
viludën (genitive plural)
viluidën (genitive plural)
viluda (partitive singular)
viluida (partitive plural)
vilussa (inessive singular)
viluhna (inessive singular)
viluissa (inessive plural)
viluihna (inessive plural)
vilusta (elative singular)
viluista (elative plural)
viluhën (illative singular)
viluihën (illative plural)
vilulla (adessive singular)
viluilla (adessive plural)
vilulta (ablative singular)
viluilta (ablative plural)
vilulën (allative singular)
vilulëk (allative singular)
viluilën (allative plural)
viluilëk (allative plural)
viluna (essive singular)
viluina (essive plural)
viluksi (singular translative)
viluiksi (plural translative)
vilun (instructive singular)
viluin (instructive plural)
vilunëk (comitative singular)
viluinëk (comitative plural)
vilutta (abessive singular)
viluitta (abessive plural)

Estonian: vilu

Finnish: vilu

Ingrian: vilu

Karelian:

North Karelian: vilu

South Karelian: vilu

Livonian: vi’l

Livvi: vilu

Ludian: vilu

Veps: vilu

Võro: vilu

Votic: vilu


mäihä

mäihä (nominative singular)
mäihät (nominative plural)
mäihän (accusative singular)
mäihät (accusative plural)
mäihän (genitive singular)
mäihäden (genitive plural)
mäiheiden (genitive plural)
mäihädä (partitive singular)
mäiheidä (partitive plural)
mäihässä (inessive singular)
mäihähnä (inessive singular)
mäiheissä (inessive plural)
mäiheihnä (inessive plural)
mäihästä (elative singular)
mäiheistä (elative plural)
mäihähen (illative singular)
mäiheihen (illative plural)
mäihällä (adessive singular)
mäiheillä (adessive plural)
mäihältä (ablative singular)
mäiheiltä (ablative plural)
mäihälen (allative singular)
mäihälek (allative singular)
mäiheilen (allative plural)
mäiheilek (allative plural)
mäihänä (essive singular)
mäiheinä (essive plural)
mäihäksi (singular translative)
mäiheiksi (plural translative)
mäihän (instructive singular)
mäihein (instructive plural)
mäihänek (comitative singular)
mäiheinek (comitative plural)
mäihättä (abessive singular)
mäiheittä (abessive plural)

⇒ Estonian: mähk

Finnish: mäihä

⇒ Veps: mäjaz, möüväz

Võro: mäih

Votic: mähä

From earlier *majša / *mäjšä (whence also Proto-Samic *muojsē, from the former).

cambium (layer of cells in the trunk of trees)


sonta

sonta (nominative singular)
sondat (nominative plural)
sondan (accusative singular)
sondat (accusative plural)
sondan (genitive singular)
sontadën (genitive plural)
sontëidën (genitive plural)
sontada (partitive singular)
sontëida (partitive plural)
sondassa (inessive singular)
sondahna (inessive singular)
sondëissa (inessive plural)
sondëihna (inessive plural)
sondasta (elative singular)
sondëista (elative plural)
sontahën (illative singular)
sontëihën (illative plural)
sondalla (adessive singular)
sondëilla (adessive plural)
sondalta (ablative singular)
sondëilta (ablative plural)
sontalën (allative singular)
sontalëk (allative singular)
sontëilën (allative plural)
sontëilëk (allative plural)
sontana (essive singular)
sontëina (essive plural)
sondaksi (singular translative)
sondëiksi (plural translative)
sondan (instructive singular)
sondëin (instructive plural)
sontanëk (comitative singular)
sontëinëk (comitative plural)
sondatta (abessive singular)
sondëitta (abessive plural)

Finnish: sonta

→ Karelian:

North Karelian: šonta

South Karelian: šonda

→ Northern Sami: soandi

Estonian: sõnnik

Võro: sõnnik


nurja

nurja (nominative singular)
nurjat (nominative plural)
nurjan (accusative singular)
nurjat (accusative plural)
nurjan (genitive singular)
nurjadën (genitive plural)
nurjëidën (genitive plural)
nurjada (partitive singular)
nurjëida (partitive plural)
nurjassa (inessive singular)
nurjahna (inessive singular)
nurjëissa (inessive plural)
nurjëihna (inessive plural)
nurjasta (elative singular)
nurjëista (elative plural)
nurjahën (illative singular)
nurjëihën (illative plural)
nurjalla (adessive singular)
nurjëilla (adessive plural)
nurjalta (ablative singular)
nurjëilta (ablative plural)
nurjalën (allative singular)
nurjalëk (allative singular)
nurjëilën (allative plural)
nurjëilëk (allative plural)
nurjana (essive singular)
nurjëina (essive plural)
nurjaksi (singular translative)
nurjëiksi (plural translative)
nurjan (instructive singular)
nurjëin (instructive plural)
nurjanëk (comitative singular)
nurjëinëk (comitative plural)
nurjatta (abessive singular)
nurjëitta (abessive plural)

⇒ Estonian: nuri~, nurjas, nurjatu

Finnish: nurja

Võro: nuri


coppi

coppi (nominative singular)
cop'ët (nominative plural)
cop'ën (accusative singular)
cop'ët (accusative plural)
cop'ën (genitive singular)
coppëdën (genitive plural)
coppidën (genitive plural)
coppëda (partitive singular)
coppida (partitive plural)
cop'ëssa (inessive singular)
cop'ëhna (inessive singular)
cop'issa (inessive plural)
cop'ihna (inessive plural)
cop'ësta (elative singular)
cop'ista (elative plural)
coppëhën (illative singular)
coppihën (illative plural)
cop'ëlla (adessive singular)
cop'illa (adessive plural)
cop'ëlta (ablative singular)
cop'ilta (ablative plural)
coppëlën (allative singular)
coppëlëk (allative singular)
coppilën (allative plural)
coppilëk (allative plural)
coppëna (essive singular)
coppina (essive plural)
cop'ëksi (singular translative)
cop'iksi (plural translative)
cop'ën (instructive singular)
cop'in (instructive plural)
coppënëk (comitative singular)
coppinëk (comitative plural)
cop'ëtta (abessive singular)
cop'itta (abessive plural)

Estonian: sopp

Finnish: soppi

Karelian:

North Karelian: soppi

South Karelian: soppi

→ Proto-Samic: *soappë (see there for further descendants)

Võro: tsopp

From Proto-Finno-Permic [Term?] (whence Erzya and Moksha сёпомс (śopoms, “to keep secret, conceal”)).