igen

igen (nominative singular)
ikenet (nominative plural)
ikenen (accusative singular)
ikenet (accusative plural)
ikenen (genitive singular)
igenden (genitive plural)
ikeniden (genitive plural)
igentä (partitive singular)
ikenitä (partitive plural)
ikenessä (inessive singular)
ikenehnä (inessive singular)
ikenissä (inessive plural)
ikenihnä (inessive plural)
ikenestä (elative singular)
ikenistä (elative plural)
ikenesen (illative singular)
ikenisen (illative plural)
ikenellä (adessive singular)
ikenillä (adessive plural)
ikeneltä (ablative singular)
ikeniltä (ablative plural)
ikenelen (allative singular)
ikenelek (allative singular)
ikenilen (allative plural)
ikenilek (allative plural)
igennä (essive singular)
ikeninä (essive plural)
ikeneksi (singular translative)
ikeniksi (plural translative)
ikenen (instructive singular)
ikenin (instructive plural)
igennek (comitative singular)
ikeninek (comitative plural)
ikenettä (abessive singular)
ikenittä (abessive plural)
igen (nominative singular)
ikemet (nominative plural)
ikemen (accusative singular)
ikemet (accusative plural)
ikemen (genitive singular)
igenden (genitive plural)
ikemiden (genitive plural)
igentä (partitive singular)
ikemitä (partitive plural)
ikemessä (inessive singular)
ikemehnä (inessive singular)
ikemissä (inessive plural)
ikemihnä (inessive plural)
ikemestä (elative singular)
ikemistä (elative plural)
ikemesen (illative singular)
ikemisen (illative plural)
ikemellä (adessive singular)
ikemillä (adessive plural)
ikemeltä (ablative singular)
ikemiltä (ablative plural)
ikemelen (allative singular)
ikemelek (allative singular)
ikemilen (allative plural)
ikemilek (allative plural)
ikemenä (essive singular)
ikeminä (essive plural)
ikemeksi (singular translative)
ikemiksi (plural translative)
ikemen (instructive singular)
ikemin (instructive plural)
ikemenek (comitative singular)
ikeminek (comitative plural)
ikemettä (abessive singular)
ikemittä (abessive plural)

Estonian: ige

Finnish: ien

Ingrian: ien

Karelian:

North Karelian: ijen

South Karelian: igen

Livonian: iʼgmõd

Livvi: igen

Veps: igin

Võro: ikim

Votic: itšee

From Proto-Finno-Ugric *ikene, related to Hungarian íny.


valo

valo (nominative singular)
valot (nominative plural)
valon (accusative singular)
valot (accusative plural)
valon (genitive singular)
valodën (genitive plural)
valoidën (genitive plural)
valoda (partitive singular)
valoida (partitive plural)
valossa (inessive singular)
valohna (inessive singular)
valoissa (inessive plural)
valoihna (inessive plural)
valosta (elative singular)
valoista (elative plural)
valohën (illative singular)
valoihën (illative plural)
valolla (adessive singular)
valoilla (adessive plural)
valolta (ablative singular)
valoilta (ablative plural)
valolën (allative singular)
valolëk (allative singular)
valoilën (allative plural)
valoilëk (allative plural)
valona (essive singular)
valoina (essive plural)
valoksi (singular translative)
valoiksi (plural translative)
valon (instructive singular)
valoin (instructive plural)
valonëk (comitative singular)
valoinëk (comitative plural)
valotta (abessive singular)
valoitta (abessive plural)

Estonian: valu

Finnish: valo

Karelian:

North Karelian: valo

Ingrian: valo

Livonian: va'l

Võro: valo

Votic: valo


valo

Estonian: valu

Finnish: valo (archaic)

⇒ Finnish: luuvalo

Livonian: va’l

Probably borrowed from Proto-Germanic *kwalō. Alternatively, and less likely, a development from Etymology 1 ("shine" > "burning sensation" > "pain").


alla

Estonian: all, alla

Finnish: alla

Ingrian: al

Livvi: ual

Veps: al

Old locative of *ala (*al-na, with *-na)


anoppi

anoppi (nominative singular)
anop'it (nominative plural)
anop'in (accusative singular)
anop'it (accusative plural)
anop'in (genitive singular)
anoppidën (genitive plural)
anoppëjidën (genitive plural)
anoppita (partitive singular)
anoppëjida (partitive plural)
anop'issa (inessive singular)
anop'ihna (inessive singular)
anoppëjissa (inessive plural)
anoppëjihna (inessive plural)
anop'ista (elative singular)
anoppëjista (elative plural)
anoppisën (illative singular)
anoppëjihën (illative plural)
anop'illa (adessive singular)
anoppëjilla (adessive plural)
anop'ilta (ablative singular)
anoppëjilta (ablative plural)
anoppilën (allative singular)
anoppilëk (allative singular)
anoppëjilën (allative plural)
anoppëjilëk (allative plural)
anoppina (essive singular)
anoppëjina (essive plural)
anop'iksi (singular translative)
anoppëjiksi (plural translative)
anop'in (instructive singular)
anoppëjin (instructive plural)
anoppinëk (comitative singular)
anoppëjinëk (comitative plural)
anop'itta (abessive singular)
anoppëjitta (abessive plural)

Finnish: anoppi

Karelian:

North Karelian: anoppi

South Karelian: anoppi

Livvi: anoppi

Ludian: anup

Veps: anop'


appi

appi (nominative singular)
ap'ët (nominative plural)
ap'ën (accusative singular)
ap'ët (accusative plural)
ap'ën (genitive singular)
appëdën (genitive plural)
appidën (genitive plural)
appëda (partitive singular)
appida (partitive plural)
ap'ëssa (inessive singular)
ap'ëhna (inessive singular)
ap'issa (inessive plural)
ap'ihna (inessive plural)
ap'ësta (elative singular)
ap'ista (elative plural)
appëhën (illative singular)
appihën (illative plural)
ap'ëlla (adessive singular)
ap'illa (adessive plural)
ap'ëlta (ablative singular)
ap'ilta (ablative plural)
appëlën (allative singular)
appëlëk (allative singular)
appilën (allative plural)
appilëk (allative plural)
appëna (essive singular)
appina (essive plural)
ap'ëksi (singular translative)
ap'iksi (plural translative)
ap'ën (instructive singular)
ap'in (instructive plural)
appënëk (comitative singular)
appinëk (comitative plural)
ap'ëtta (abessive singular)
ap'itta (abessive plural)

Finnish: appi

Karelian:

North Karelian: appi

South Karelian: appi

Livvi: appi

Ludian: app

Veps: ap


muu

muu (nominative singular)
muut (nominative plural)
muun (accusative singular)
muut (accusative plural)
muun (genitive singular)
muudën (genitive plural)
muidën (genitive plural)
muuta (partitive singular)
muita (partitive plural)
muussa (inessive singular)
muuhna (inessive singular)
muissa (inessive plural)
muihna (inessive plural)
muusta (elative singular)
muista (elative plural)
muusën (illative singular)
muisën (illative plural)
muulla (adessive singular)
muilla (adessive plural)
muulta (ablative singular)
muilta (ablative plural)
muulën (allative singular)
muulëk (allative singular)
muilën (allative plural)
muilëk (allative plural)
muuna (essive singular)
muina (essive plural)
muuksi (singular translative)
muiksi (plural translative)
muun (instructive singular)
muin (instructive plural)
muunëk (comitative singular)
muinëk (comitative plural)
muutta (abessive singular)
muitta (abessive plural)

Estonian: muu

Finnish: muu

Ingrian: muu

Karelian:

North Karelian: muu

South Karelian: muu

Livonian: mū

Livvi: muu

Ludian: muu

Votic: muu

Võro: muu


pito

pito (nominative singular)
pidot (nominative plural)
pidon (accusative singular)
pidot (accusative plural)
pidon (genitive singular)
pitodën (genitive plural)
pitoidën (genitive plural)
pitoda (partitive singular)
pitoida (partitive plural)
pidossa (inessive singular)
pidohna (inessive singular)
pidoissa (inessive plural)
pidoihna (inessive plural)
pidosta (elative singular)
pidoista (elative plural)
pitohën (illative singular)
pitoihën (illative plural)
pidolla (adessive singular)
pidoilla (adessive plural)
pidolta (ablative singular)
pidoilta (ablative plural)
pitolën (allative singular)
pitolëk (allative singular)
pitoilën (allative plural)
pitoilëk (allative plural)
pitona (essive singular)
pitoina (essive plural)
pidoksi (singular translative)
pidoiksi (plural translative)
pidon (instructive singular)
pidoin (instructive plural)
pitonëk (comitative singular)
pitoinëk (comitative plural)
pidotta (abessive singular)
pidoitta (abessive plural)

Estonian: pidu

Finnish: pito, pidot pl

Ingrian: pito

Karelian:

North Karelian: pito

South Karelian: pido

Livvi: pido

Ludian: pido

Võro: pido

Votic: pito


ku

desc

⇒ Estonian: kui, kuid, kuidas, kuna, kunagi, kus, kuhu, kust, kuni

⇒ Finnish: kuka (archaic in most case forms), kun, kuin, kuinka, kukin, kukaan, kulloin, kuten

Ingrian: ku, ⇒ kuka, kuin, kunis

Karelian:

North Karelian: ku

South Karelian: ku

⇒ Veps: kuna, kunasai, kuhusai, kus, kuspäi, kut, kuti

⇒ Võro: kua, kuas

⇒ Votic: ku, kuall, kualtõ, kuhan, kuhõõ, kui, kuile, kuimõnd, kuini, kuippäi, kuika, kuhõz (Kattila), kuibõ (Kattila)

From Proto-Uralic *ku or Proto-Uralic *ko-. Northern Finnic languages show a pattern of suffixing the nominative singular with *-ka.


sala

From Proto-Uralic *sala (“to hide, to steal, thief”).


sala

sala (nominative singular)
salat (nominative plural)
salan (accusative singular)
salat (accusative plural)
salan (genitive singular)
saladën (genitive plural)
saloidën (genitive plural)
salada (partitive singular)
saloida (partitive plural)
salassa (inessive singular)
salahna (inessive singular)
saloissa (inessive plural)
saloihna (inessive plural)
salasta (elative singular)
saloista (elative plural)
salahën (illative singular)
saloihën (illative plural)
salalla (adessive singular)
saloilla (adessive plural)
salalta (ablative singular)
saloilta (ablative plural)
salalën (allative singular)
salalëk (allative singular)
saloilën (allative plural)
saloilëk (allative plural)
salana (essive singular)
saloina (essive plural)
salaksi (singular translative)
saloiksi (plural translative)
salan (instructive singular)
saloin (instructive plural)
salanëk (comitative singular)
saloinëk (comitative plural)
salatta (abessive singular)
saloitta (abessive plural)

Finnish: sala

Ingrian: sala

Livonian: salā

Võro: sala (“spy, thief”)

Votic: sala-

Estonian: sala

Finnish: salaa


siika

siika (nominative singular)
siigat (nominative plural)
siigan (accusative singular)
siigat (accusative plural)
siigan (genitive singular)
siikadën (genitive plural)
siikoidën (genitive plural)
siikada (partitive singular)
siikoida (partitive plural)
siigassa (inessive singular)
siigahna (inessive singular)
siigoissa (inessive plural)
siigoihna (inessive plural)
siigasta (elative singular)
siigoista (elative plural)
siikahën (illative singular)
siikoihën (illative plural)
siigalla (adessive singular)
siigoilla (adessive plural)
siigalta (ablative singular)
siigoilta (ablative plural)
siikalën (allative singular)
siikalëk (allative singular)
siikoilën (allative plural)
siikoilëk (allative plural)
siikana (essive singular)
siikoina (essive plural)
siigaksi (singular translative)
siigoiksi (plural translative)
siigan (instructive singular)
siigoin (instructive plural)
siikanëk (comitative singular)
siikoinëk (comitative plural)
siigatta (abessive singular)
siigoitta (abessive plural)

Estonian: siig

Finnish: siika

Ingrian: siika

Karelian:

North Karelian: siika

South Karelian: siiga

Livonian: sīgõz

Livvi: siigu

Ludian: siig

Veps: sīg

Võro: siig

Votic: siikõ

→? Latvian: sīga

desctree

→? Old Novgorodian: сиге (sige)
→ Middle Russian: сигъ (sig)
Russian: сиг (sig, “whitefish”); сига f (siga, “inconnu”) (dialectal)
Taimyr Pidgin Russian: сиг (sig)
→ Armenian: սիգ (sig)
→ Belarusian: сіг (sih), сіга f (siha)
→ Czech: síh
→ Polish: siga
→ Ukrainian: сиг (syh)

Uncertain. Most sources consider it a borrowing from Proto-Norse [script needed] (*sĩkaʀ) (whence Norwegian Bokmål sik, Old Norse síkr, Swedish sik; the word is sometimes reconstructed as Proto-Germanic *sīkaz, but there are no known cognates outside North Germanic), and then posit that the Baltic and Slavic words are borrowed from Finnic. A reverse direction of borrowing (Finnic to Germanic) is also possible, but less likely.

common whitefish, lavaret (Coregonus lavaretus)


lohi

lohi (nominative singular)
lohët (nominative plural)
lohën (accusative singular)
lohët (accusative plural)
lohën (genitive singular)
lohtën (genitive plural)
lohidën (genitive plural)
lohta (partitive singular)
lohida (partitive plural)
lohëssa (inessive singular)
lohëhna (inessive singular)
lohissa (inessive plural)
lohihna (inessive plural)
lohësta (elative singular)
lohista (elative plural)
lohëhën (illative singular)
lohihën (illative plural)
lohëlla (adessive singular)
lohilla (adessive plural)
lohëlta (ablative singular)
lohilta (ablative plural)
lohëlën (allative singular)
lohëlëk (allative singular)
lohilën (allative plural)
lohilëk (allative plural)
lohëna (essive singular)
lohina (essive plural)
lohëksi (singular translative)
lohiksi (plural translative)
lohën (instructive singular)
lohin (instructive plural)
lohënëk (comitative singular)
lohinëk (comitative plural)
lohëtta (abessive singular)
lohitta (abessive plural)

Estonian: lõhe, lõhi

Finnish: lohi

Ingrian: lohi

Karelian:

North Karelian: lohi

South Karelian: lohi

Livvi: lohi

Ludian: lohi

Veps: lohi

Votic: lõhi

desc

→ Russian: лох (lox, “male Atlantic salmon”)

From earlier *loši, borrowed from Proto-Baltic [Term?] (whence Latvian lasis, Lithuanian lašiša). Cognate with Proto-Samic *luosë.


hauki

hauki (nominative singular)
haugët (nominative plural)
haugën (accusative singular)
haugët (accusative plural)
haugën (genitive singular)
haukëdën (genitive plural)
haukidën (genitive plural)
haukëda (partitive singular)
haukida (partitive plural)
haugëssa (inessive singular)
haugëhna (inessive singular)
haugissa (inessive plural)
haugihna (inessive plural)
haugësta (elative singular)
haugista (elative plural)
haukëhën (illative singular)
haukihën (illative plural)
haugëlla (adessive singular)
haugilla (adessive plural)
haugëlta (ablative singular)
haugilta (ablative plural)
haukëlën (allative singular)
haukëlëk (allative singular)
haukilën (allative plural)
haukilëk (allative plural)
haukëna (essive singular)
haukina (essive plural)
haugëksi (singular translative)
haugiksi (plural translative)
haugën (instructive singular)
haugin (instructive plural)
haukënëk (comitative singular)
haukinëk (comitative plural)
haugëtta (abessive singular)
haugitta (abessive plural)
hauki (nominative singular)
haugit (nominative plural)
haugin (accusative singular)
haugit (accusative plural)
haugin (genitive singular)
haukidën (genitive plural)
haukëjidën (genitive plural)
haukida (partitive singular)
haukëjita (partitive plural)
haugissa (inessive singular)
haugihna (inessive singular)
haukëjissa (inessive plural)
haukëjihna (inessive plural)
haugista (elative singular)
haukëjista (elative plural)
haukihën (illative singular)
haukëjisën (illative plural)
haugilla (adessive singular)
haukëjilla (adessive plural)
haugilta (ablative singular)
haukëjilta (ablative plural)
haukilën (allative singular)
haukilëk (allative singular)
haukëjilën (allative plural)
haukëjilëk (allative plural)
haukina (essive singular)
haukëjina (essive plural)
haugiksi (singular translative)
haukëjiksi (plural translative)
haugin (instructive singular)
haukëjin (instructive plural)
haukinëk (comitative singular)
haukëjinëk (comitative plural)
haugitta (abessive singular)
haukëjitta (abessive plural)

Estonian: haug

Finnish: hauki

Ingrian: hauki

Karelian:

North Karelian: hauki

South Karelian: haugi

Livonian: aig

Veps: haug'

Võro: haug'

Votic: autši

From earlier *šauki. Has been considered a borrowing from early Proto-Slavic *ščaukā (from which late Proto-Slavic *ščuka), but now this is considered untenable for phonetic reasons, and the Finnic and Slavic words might instead have a common substrate origin.


ora

ora (nominative singular)
orat (nominative plural)
oran (accusative singular)
orat (accusative plural)
oran (genitive singular)
oradën (genitive plural)
orëidën (genitive plural)
orada (partitive singular)
orëida (partitive plural)
orassa (inessive singular)
orahna (inessive singular)
orëissa (inessive plural)
orëihna (inessive plural)
orasta (elative singular)
orëista (elative plural)
orahën (illative singular)
orëihën (illative plural)
oralla (adessive singular)
orëilla (adessive plural)
oralta (ablative singular)
orëilta (ablative plural)
oralën (allative singular)
oralëk (allative singular)
orëilën (allative plural)
orëilëk (allative plural)
orana (essive singular)
orëina (essive plural)
oraksi (singular translative)
orëiksi (plural translative)
oran (instructive singular)
orëin (instructive plural)
oranëk (comitative singular)
orëinëk (comitative plural)
oratta (abessive singular)
orëitta (abessive plural)

Estonian: ora

Finnish: ora

Ingrian: ora

Karelian: ora, oraine

Livonian: vȯrā

Livvi: ora

Ludian: ora

Veps: oraine

Votic: (Kattila) õra

From Proto-Finno-Ugric *ora, borrowed from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hā́raH, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ólos.


taa

Possibly from Proto-Uralic *ta, probably a variant of Proto-Uralic *to, or alternatively borrowed from Proto-Baltic *tas (compare Latvian tas, Lithuanian tàs).


taa

>? Estonian: (partially?) ta

Finnish: taa (dialectal), ⇒ taannoin

⇒ Ingrian: taano

Karelian:

North Karelian: toa

South Karelian: tua, toa

Livonian: ta

Livvi: tua

Ludian: tua, ⇒ tuai

⇒ Veps: tanoin

Võro: taa

⇒ Votic: taanõ


villa

villa (nominative singular)
villat (nominative plural)
villan (accusative singular)
villat (accusative plural)
villan (genitive singular)
villadën (genitive plural)
villoidën (genitive plural)
villada (partitive singular)
villoida (partitive plural)
villassa (inessive singular)
villahna (inessive singular)
villoissa (inessive plural)
villoihna (inessive plural)
villasta (elative singular)
villoista (elative plural)
villahën (illative singular)
villoihën (illative plural)
villalla (adessive singular)
villoilla (adessive plural)
villalta (ablative singular)
villoilta (ablative plural)
villalën (allative singular)
villalëk (allative singular)
villoilën (allative plural)
villoilëk (allative plural)
villana (essive singular)
villoina (essive plural)
villaksi (singular translative)
villoiksi (plural translative)
villan (instructive singular)
villoin (instructive plural)
villanëk (comitative singular)
villoinëk (comitative plural)
villatta (abessive singular)
villoitta (abessive plural)

Estonian: vill

Finnish: villa

Ingrian: villa

Karelian:

North Karelian: villa

South Karelian: villa

Livonian: vīla

Livvi: villu

Ludian: vill

Veps: vill

Võro: vill

Votic: villõ

From earlier *wilna, a borrowing from Proto-Baltic [Term?], compare Proto-Balto-Slavic *wílˀnāˀ.


tauko

tauko (nominative singular)
taugot (nominative plural)
taugon (accusative singular)
taugot (accusative plural)
taugon (genitive singular)
taukodën (genitive plural)
taukoidën (genitive plural)
taukoda (partitive singular)
taukoida (partitive plural)
taugossa (inessive singular)
taugohna (inessive singular)
taugoissa (inessive plural)
taugoihna (inessive plural)
taugosta (elative singular)
taugoista (elative plural)
taukohën (illative singular)
taukoihën (illative plural)
taugolla (adessive singular)
taugoilla (adessive plural)
taugolta (ablative singular)
taugoilta (ablative plural)
taukolën (allative singular)
taukolëk (allative singular)
taukoilën (allative plural)
taukoilëk (allative plural)
taukona (essive singular)
taukoina (essive plural)
taugoksi (singular translative)
taugoiksi (plural translative)
taugon (instructive singular)
taugoin (instructive plural)
taukonëk (comitative singular)
taukoinëk (comitative plural)
taugotta (abessive singular)
taugoitta (abessive plural)

Finnish: (dialectal) tauko


kämmen

kämmen (nominative singular)
kämmenet (nominative plural)
kämmenen (accusative singular)
kämmenet (accusative plural)
kämmenen (genitive singular)
kämmenden (genitive plural)
kämmeniden (genitive plural)
kämmentä (partitive singular)
kämmenitä (partitive plural)
kämmenessä (inessive singular)
kämmenehnä (inessive singular)
kämmenissä (inessive plural)
kämmenihnä (inessive plural)
kämmenestä (elative singular)
kämmenistä (elative plural)
kämmenesen (illative singular)
kämmenisen (illative plural)
kämmenellä (adessive singular)
kämmenillä (adessive plural)
kämmeneltä (ablative singular)
kämmeniltä (ablative plural)
kämmenelen (allative singular)
kämmenelek (allative singular)
kämmenilen (allative plural)
kämmenilek (allative plural)
kämmennä (essive singular)
kämmeninä (essive plural)
kämmeneksi (singular translative)
kämmeniksi (plural translative)
kämmenen (instructive singular)
kämmenin (instructive plural)
kämmennek (comitative singular)
kämmeninek (comitative plural)
kämmenettä (abessive singular)
kämmenittä (abessive plural)

Finnish: kämmen

Ingrian: kämmen

Karelian:

North Karelian: kämmen

South Karelian: kämmen

Livvi: kämmen

Ludian: kämmen

Veps: kämen

Estonian: kämmal

Võro: kämmäl

Votic: tšämmel

→ Ingrian: kämmel


-os

Finnish: -os


avara

avara (nominative singular)
avarat (nominative plural)
avaran (accusative singular)
avarat (accusative plural)
avaran (genitive singular)
avaradën (genitive plural)
avaroidën (genitive plural)
avarata (partitive singular)
avaroita (partitive plural)
avarassa (inessive singular)
avarahna (inessive singular)
avaroissa (inessive plural)
avaroihna (inessive plural)
avarasta (elative singular)
avaroista (elative plural)
avarasën (illative singular)
avaroisën (illative plural)
avaralla (adessive singular)
avaroilla (adessive plural)
avaralta (ablative singular)
avaroilta (ablative plural)
avaralën (allative singular)
avaralëk (allative singular)
avaroilën (allative plural)
avaroilëk (allative plural)
avarana (essive singular)
avaroina (essive plural)
avaraksi (singular translative)
avaroiksi (plural translative)
avaran (instructive singular)
avaroin (instructive plural)
avaranëk (comitative singular)
avaroinëk (comitative plural)
avaratta (abessive singular)
avaroitta (abessive plural)

Estonian: avar

→? Votic: avaro

Finnish: avara

Ingrian: avaro

Karelian: avara

Livonian: ovār

Veps: avar

Võro: avvar'


-us

Finnish: -us

From *-s. The *-u- may be generalized from derivatives and/or by confusion with *-uc. The term may also derive more directly from Proto-Uralic *-wikse. Perhaps also more directly from *-u + *-s.


-us

Finnish: -us


pilvi

pilvi (nominative singular)
pilvet (nominative plural)
pilven (accusative singular)
pilvet (accusative plural)
pilven (genitive singular)
pilveden (genitive plural)
pilviden (genitive plural)
pilvedä (partitive singular)
pilvidä (partitive plural)
pilvessä (inessive singular)
pilvehnä (inessive singular)
pilvissä (inessive plural)
pilvihnä (inessive plural)
pilvestä (elative singular)
pilvistä (elative plural)
pilvehen (illative singular)
pilvihen (illative plural)
pilvellä (adessive singular)
pilvillä (adessive plural)
pilveltä (ablative singular)
pilviltä (ablative plural)
pilvelen (allative singular)
pilvelek (allative singular)
pilvilen (allative plural)
pilvilek (allative plural)
pilvenä (essive singular)
pilvinä (essive plural)
pilveksi (singular translative)
pilviksi (plural translative)
pilven (instructive singular)
pilvin (instructive plural)
pilvenek (comitative singular)
pilvinek (comitative plural)
pilvettä (abessive singular)
pilvittä (abessive plural)

Estonian: pilv

Finnish: pilvi

Ingrian: pilvi

Karelian: pilvi

Livonian:

Courland Livonian: pīla

Vidzeme Livonian: pilu

Livvi: pil'vi

Ludian: pil'v

Veps: pil'v

Võro: pilv'

Votic: pilvi


-i

Finnish: -i

Links attributes to nouns in compound words; attached to the attribute.


-i

q

merged with <i class="Latn mention" lang="urj-fin-pro">*-ik</i>

Finnish: -i (merged with *-ik)

From Proto-Finno-Ugric *-j (lative suffix).


patto

patto (nominative singular)
pat'ot (nominative plural)
pat'on (accusative singular)
pat'ot (accusative plural)
pat'on (genitive singular)
pattodën (genitive plural)
pattoidën (genitive plural)
pattoda (partitive singular)
pattoida (partitive plural)
pat'ossa (inessive singular)
pat'ohna (inessive singular)
pat'oissa (inessive plural)
pat'oihna (inessive plural)
pat'osta (elative singular)
pat'oista (elative plural)
pattohën (illative singular)
pattoihën (illative plural)
pat'olla (adessive singular)
pat'oilla (adessive plural)
pat'olta (ablative singular)
pat'oilta (ablative plural)
pattolën (allative singular)
pattolëk (allative singular)
pattoilën (allative plural)
pattoilëk (allative plural)
pattona (essive singular)
pattoina (essive plural)
pat'oksi (singular translative)
pat'oiksi (plural translative)
pat'on (instructive singular)
pat'oin (instructive plural)
pattonëk (comitative singular)
pattoinëk (comitative plural)
pat'otta (abessive singular)
pat'oitta (abessive plural)

Estonian: patt

Finnish: patto (dialectal)

⇒ Finnish: henkipatto, valapatto

Livonian: pat

Livvi: patto

Võro: patt

Votic:

Krevinian: pattu


varma

varma (nominative singular)
varmat (nominative plural)
varman (accusative singular)
varmat (accusative plural)
varman (genitive singular)
varmadën (genitive plural)
varmoidën (genitive plural)
varmada (partitive singular)
varmoida (partitive plural)
varmassa (inessive singular)
varmahna (inessive singular)
varmoissa (inessive plural)
varmoihna (inessive plural)
varmasta (elative singular)
varmoista (elative plural)
varmahën (illative singular)
varmoihën (illative plural)
varmalla (adessive singular)
varmoilla (adessive plural)
varmalta (ablative singular)
varmoilta (ablative plural)
varmalën (allative singular)
varmalëk (allative singular)
varmoilën (allative plural)
varmoilëk (allative plural)
varmana (essive singular)
varmoina (essive plural)
varmaksi (singular translative)
varmoiksi (plural translative)
varman (instructive singular)
varmoin (instructive plural)
varmanëk (comitative singular)
varmoinëk (comitative plural)
varmatta (abessive singular)
varmoitta (abessive plural)

desc

⇒ Estonian: varmas (“quick, brisk; strong, sturdy”)

Finnish: varma (“sure”)

Ingrian: varma

Karelian:

North Karelian: varma (“sure; brisk”)

South Karelian: varma (“sure; brisk”)

⇒ Veps: varmed

Votic: varmõ


multa

multa (nominative singular)
muldat (nominative plural)
muldan (accusative singular)
muldat (accusative plural)
muldan (genitive singular)
multadën (genitive plural)
multëidën (genitive plural)
multada (partitive singular)
multëida (partitive plural)
muldassa (inessive singular)
muldahna (inessive singular)
muldëissa (inessive plural)
muldëihna (inessive plural)
muldasta (elative singular)
muldëista (elative plural)
multahën (illative singular)
multëihën (illative plural)
muldalla (adessive singular)
muldëilla (adessive plural)
muldalta (ablative singular)
muldëilta (ablative plural)
multalën (allative singular)
multalëk (allative singular)
multëilën (allative plural)
multëilëk (allative plural)
multana (essive singular)
multëina (essive plural)
muldaksi (singular translative)
muldëiksi (plural translative)
muldan (instructive singular)
muldëin (instructive plural)
multanëk (comitative singular)
multëinëk (comitative plural)
muldatta (abessive singular)
muldëitta (abessive plural)

Estonian: muld

Finnish: multa

Ingrian: multa

Karelian:

North Karelian: multa

South Karelian: mulda

Livonian: mūlda

Livvi: muldu

Ludian: muld

Võro: muld

Votic: multõ


etelä

etelä (nominative singular)
etelät (nominative plural)
etelän (accusative singular)
etelät (accusative plural)
etelän (genitive singular)
eteläden (genitive plural)
eteleiden (genitive plural)
etelätä (partitive singular)
eteleitä (partitive plural)
etelässä (inessive singular)
etelähnä (inessive singular)
eteleissä (inessive plural)
eteleihnä (inessive plural)
etelästä (elative singular)
eteleistä (elative plural)
eteläsen (illative singular)
eteleisen (illative plural)
etelällä (adessive singular)
eteleillä (adessive plural)
etelältä (ablative singular)
eteleiltä (ablative plural)
etelälen (allative singular)
etelälek (allative singular)
eteleilen (allative plural)
eteleilek (allative plural)
etelänä (essive singular)
eteleinä (essive plural)
eteläksi (singular translative)
eteleiksi (plural translative)
etelän (instructive singular)
etelein (instructive plural)
etelänek (comitative singular)
eteleinek (comitative plural)
etelättä (abessive singular)
eteleittä (abessive plural)

Estonian: edel (“southwest”)

Finnish: etelä (“south”)

Ingrian: etelä (“southwest”)

Livonian: jedāl (“south”)

Votic: etele (“southwest”)

From *ete- (“front, pre-, fore-”) + *-la (“locative suffix”). The association of "front" with "south" or "southwest" is because dwellings tended to be built facing in that direction (as that is where the sun shines from at noon in northern Europe).


kinder

kinder (nominative singular)
kinteret (nominative plural)
kinteren (accusative singular)
kinteret (accusative plural)
kinteren (genitive singular)
kinderden (genitive plural)
kinteriden (genitive plural)
kindertä (partitive singular)
kinteritä (partitive plural)
kinteressä (inessive singular)
kinterehnä (inessive singular)
kinterissä (inessive plural)
kinterihnä (inessive plural)
kinterestä (elative singular)
kinteristä (elative plural)
kinteresen (illative singular)
kinterisen (illative plural)
kinterellä (adessive singular)
kinterillä (adessive plural)
kintereltä (ablative singular)
kinteriltä (ablative plural)
kinterelen (allative singular)
kinterelek (allative singular)
kinterilen (allative plural)
kinterilek (allative plural)
kindernä (essive singular)
kinterinä (essive plural)
kintereksi (singular translative)
kinteriksi (plural translative)
kinteren (instructive singular)
kinterin (instructive plural)
kindernek (comitative singular)
kinterinek (comitative plural)
kinterettä (abessive singular)
kinterittä (abessive plural)

Estonian: kinner

Finnish: kinner

Karelian: kinner

Livvi: kinner

Ludian: kinder- (in compound: kinderkouk)

Veps: kindred pl

Võro: kinner'

Votic: (Kattila) tšinner

Cognate with Proto-Samic *këntër. From the same root as *kinttu.


tuli

tuli (nominative singular)
tulët (nominative plural)
tulën (accusative singular)
tulët (accusative plural)
tulën (genitive singular)
tuldën (genitive plural)
tulidën (genitive plural)
tulta (partitive singular)
tulida (partitive plural)
tulëssa (inessive singular)
tulëhna (inessive singular)
tulissa (inessive plural)
tulihna (inessive plural)
tulësta (elative singular)
tulista (elative plural)
tulëhën (illative singular)
tulihën (illative plural)
tulëlla (adessive singular)
tulilla (adessive plural)
tulëlta (ablative singular)
tulilta (ablative plural)
tulëlën (allative singular)
tulëlëk (allative singular)
tulilën (allative plural)
tulilëk (allative plural)
tulla (essive singular)
tulina (essive plural)
tulëksi (singular translative)
tuliksi (plural translative)
tulën (instructive singular)
tulin (instructive plural)
tullëk (comitative singular)
tulinëk (comitative plural)
tulëtta (abessive singular)
tulitta (abessive plural)

Estonian: tuli

Finnish: tuli

Ingrian: tuli

Karelian: tuli

Livonian: tūļ

Livvi: tuli

Ludian: tuli

Veps: tuli

Võro: tuli

Votic: tuli


papa-

Estonian: pabul, (dialectal) pabal

desc

Finnish: papana, (dialectal) papalo, papelo

Ingrian: pappaala

Karelian:

North Karelian: papelo

South Karelian: pabelo

Livvi: pabelo

Votic: päpäle, (Mati) papalo


kova

kova (nominative singular)
kovat (nominative plural)
kovan (accusative singular)
kovat (accusative plural)
kovan (genitive singular)
kovadën (genitive plural)
kovëidën (genitive plural)
kovada (partitive singular)
kovëida (partitive plural)
kovassa (inessive singular)
kovahna (inessive singular)
kovëissa (inessive plural)
kovëihna (inessive plural)
kovasta (elative singular)
kovëista (elative plural)
kovahën (illative singular)
kovëihën (illative plural)
kovalla (adessive singular)
kovëilla (adessive plural)
kovalta (ablative singular)
kovëilta (ablative plural)
kovalën (allative singular)
kovalëk (allative singular)
kovëilën (allative plural)
kovëilëk (allative plural)
kovana (essive singular)
kovëina (essive plural)
kovaksi (singular translative)
kovëiksi (plural translative)
kovan (instructive singular)
kovëin (instructive plural)
kovanëk (comitative singular)
kovëinëk (comitative plural)
kovatta (abessive singular)
kovëitta (abessive plural)

Estonian: kõva

Finnish: kova

Ingrian: kova

Karelian: kova

Livonian: kõvā

Ludian: kova

Veps: kova

Võro: kõva

Votic: kõva


ehkä

Estonian: ehk

Finnish: ehkä

Ingrian: ehkä

Võro: ehk

Ingrian: ehki

Karelian:

North Karelian: ehki

South Karelian: ehki

Livvi: ehki

Ludian: ehki

Votic: ehtši


kota

kota (nominative singular)
kodat (nominative plural)
kodan (accusative singular)
kodat (accusative plural)
kodan (genitive singular)
kotadën (genitive plural)
kotëidën (genitive plural)
kotada (partitive singular)
kotëida (partitive plural)
kodassa (inessive singular)
kodahna (inessive singular)
kodëissa (inessive plural)
kodëihna (inessive plural)
kodasta (elative singular)
kodëista (elative plural)
kotahën (illative singular)
kotëihën (illative plural)
kodalla (adessive singular)
kodëilla (adessive plural)
kodalta (ablative singular)
kodëilta (ablative plural)
kotalën (allative singular)
kotalëk (allative singular)
kotëilën (allative plural)
kotëilëk (allative plural)
kotana (essive singular)
kotëina (essive plural)
kodaksi (singular translative)
kodëiksi (plural translative)
kodan (instructive singular)
kodëin (instructive plural)
kotanëk (comitative singular)
kotëinëk (comitative plural)
kodatta (abessive singular)
kodëitta (abessive plural)

Estonian: koda

Finnish: kota

⇒ Ingrian: maonkotain

Karelian:

North Karelian: kota

South Karelian: koda

Livonian:

Courland Livonian: kuodā

Vidzeme Livonian: koda

Livvi: koda

Ludian: koda

Veps: koda

Võro: koda

Votic: (Kattila, Kõrvõttula) kõta


öö

öö (nominative singular)
ööt (nominative plural)
öön (accusative singular)
ööt (accusative plural)
öön (genitive singular)
ööden (genitive plural)
öiden (genitive plural)
öötä (partitive singular)
öitä (partitive plural)
öössä (inessive singular)
ööhnä (inessive singular)
öissä (inessive plural)
öihnä (inessive plural)
ööstä (elative singular)
öistä (elative plural)
öösen (illative singular)
öisen (illative plural)
ööllä (adessive singular)
öillä (adessive plural)
ööltä (ablative singular)
öiltä (ablative plural)
öölen (allative singular)
öölek (allative singular)
öilen (allative plural)
öilek (allative plural)
öönä (essive singular)
öinä (essive plural)
ööksi (singular translative)
öiksi (plural translative)
öön (instructive singular)
öin (instructive plural)
öönek (comitative singular)
öinek (comitative plural)
ööttä (abessive singular)
öittä (abessive plural)

Estonian: öö

Finnish: yö

Ingrian: öö

Karelian:

North Karelian: yö

South Karelian: yö

Livonian: īe

Livvi: yö

Ludian: üö

Veps: ö

Võro: üü

Votic: öö


kuningas

kuningas (nominative singular)
kuninkasët (nominative plural)
kuninkasën (accusative singular)
kuninkasët (accusative plural)
kuninkasën (genitive singular)
kuningastën (genitive plural)
kuninkasidën (genitive plural)
kuningasta (partitive singular)
kuninkasida (partitive plural)
kuninkasëssa (inessive singular)
kuninkasëhna (inessive singular)
kuninkasissa (inessive plural)
kuninkasihna (inessive plural)
kuninkasësta (elative singular)
kuninkasista (elative plural)
kuninkasëhën (illative singular)
kuninkasihën (illative plural)
kuninkasëlla (adessive singular)
kuninkasilla (adessive plural)
kuninkasëlta (ablative singular)
kuninkasilta (ablative plural)
kuninkasëlën (allative singular)
kuninkasëlëk (allative singular)
kuninkasilën (allative plural)
kuninkasilëk (allative plural)
kuningassa (essive singular)
kuninkasina (essive plural)
kuninkasëksi (singular translative)
kuninkasiksi (plural translative)
kuninkasën (instructive singular)
kuninkasin (instructive plural)
kuningassëk (comitative singular)
kuninkasinëk (comitative plural)
kuninkasëtta (abessive singular)
kuninkasitta (abessive plural)

Estonian: kuningas

Finnish: kuningas

Ingrian: kunigas, kuningas, kunikas

Karelian:

North Karelian: kuninkaš

South Karelian: kuningaš

Livvi: kuningas

Ludian: kuningas

Veps: kunigaz

Võro: kuning

Votic: kunikõz

From Proto-Germanic *kuningaz, from *kunją (“family, kin”) + *-ingaz (“originating from”).


hauta

hauta (nominative singular)
haudat (nominative plural)
haudan (accusative singular)
haudat (accusative plural)
haudan (genitive singular)
hautadën (genitive plural)
hautëidën (genitive plural)
hautada (partitive singular)
hautëida (partitive plural)
haudassa (inessive singular)
haudahna (inessive singular)
haudëissa (inessive plural)
haudëihna (inessive plural)
haudasta (elative singular)
haudëista (elative plural)
hautahën (illative singular)
hautëihën (illative plural)
haudalla (adessive singular)
haudëilla (adessive plural)
haudalta (ablative singular)
haudëilta (ablative plural)
hautalën (allative singular)
hautalëk (allative singular)
hautëilën (allative plural)
hautëilëk (allative plural)
hautana (essive singular)
hautëina (essive plural)
haudaksi (singular translative)
haudëiksi (plural translative)
haudan (instructive singular)
haudëin (instructive plural)
hautanëk (comitative singular)
hautëinëk (comitative plural)
haudatta (abessive singular)
haudëitta (abessive plural)

Estonian: haud

Finnish: hauta

Ingrian: hauta

Karelian:

North Karelian: hauta

South Karelian: hauda

Livonian: ōda

Livvi: haudu

Ludian: haud

Veps: haud

Võro: haud

Votic: autõ

→ Proto-Samic: *(h)āvtē

From earlier *šauta, borrowed from Proto-Germanic *sauþaz.


koko

Possibly from Proto-Finno-Permic [Term?] (whence Eastern Mari кугу (kugu, “big”)).


koko

koko (nominative singular)
kogot (nominative plural)
kogon (accusative singular)
kogot (accusative plural)
kogon (genitive singular)
kokodën (genitive plural)
kokoidën (genitive plural)
kokoda (partitive singular)
kokoida (partitive plural)
kogossa (inessive singular)
kogohna (inessive singular)
kogoissa (inessive plural)
kogoihna (inessive plural)
kogosta (elative singular)
kogoista (elative plural)
kokohën (illative singular)
kokoihën (illative plural)
kogolla (adessive singular)
kogoilla (adessive plural)
kogolta (ablative singular)
kogoilta (ablative plural)
kokolën (allative singular)
kokolëk (allative singular)
kokoilën (allative plural)
kokoilëk (allative plural)
kokona (essive singular)
kokoina (essive plural)
kogoksi (singular translative)
kogoiksi (plural translative)
kogon (instructive singular)
kogoin (instructive plural)
kokonëk (comitative singular)
kokoinëk (comitative plural)
kogotta (abessive singular)
kogoitta (abessive plural)

Estonian: kogu

Finnish: koko

Ingrian: koko

Karelian:

North Karelian: koko

South Karelian: kogo

Livvi: kogo

Ludian: kogo

Veps: kogo

Võro: kogo

Votic: koko


hurma

Estonian: urm (“blood, wound”)

Finnish: hurma, hurme (“blood”)

→ Estonian: hurm

Ingrian: hurmahenki

Karelian: (Northern, poetic) hurmeh (“blood”)

Livonian: ūrma (“stream, flow”) (< 'flowing blood'?)

Unknown origin. The Estonian reflex has been compared with words in Samic and Mordvinic (e.g. Erzya орма (orma, “disease”)) that would, however, require h- as attested in Northern Finnic to be secondary. Contamination from Finnish huuma may be possible.
EVE suggests that the word could be a derivation from *huristak (“to hum, whirr”), thus originally meaning "humming, whirring", with a later possible semantic shift to "whirl, vortex". This would make the Livonian descendant closest to the original meaning. The meaning "blood" would be developed by ellipsis from *vërën hurma (literally “flow of blood”), while the meaning "ecstasy, excitement, charm" would refer to how such emotions 'make one's head spin'.


terni

terni (nominative singular)
ternet (nominative plural)
ternen (accusative singular)
ternet (accusative plural)
ternen (genitive singular)
terneden (genitive plural)
terniden (genitive plural)
ternedä (partitive singular)
ternidä (partitive plural)
ternessä (inessive singular)
ternehnä (inessive singular)
ternissä (inessive plural)
ternihnä (inessive plural)
ternestä (elative singular)
ternistä (elative plural)
ternehen (illative singular)
ternihen (illative plural)
ternellä (adessive singular)
ternillä (adessive plural)
terneltä (ablative singular)
terniltä (ablative plural)
ternelen (allative singular)
ternelek (allative singular)
ternilen (allative plural)
ternilek (allative plural)
ternenä (essive singular)
terninä (essive plural)
terneksi (singular translative)
terniksi (plural translative)
ternen (instructive singular)
ternin (instructive plural)
ternenek (comitative singular)
terninek (comitative plural)
ternettä (abessive singular)
ternittä (abessive plural)

Estonian: ternes

Finnish: terni

Livonian: ter- (in compound: tersēmḑa)

Votic: (Mati) terne

Possibly borrowed from early Proto-Indo-Iranian *térunos (later *tárunas).


elämä

elämä (nominative singular)
elämät (nominative plural)
elämän (accusative singular)
elämät (accusative plural)
elämän (genitive singular)
elämäden (genitive plural)
elämeiden (genitive plural)
elämätä (partitive singular)
elämeitä (partitive plural)
elämässä (inessive singular)
elämähnä (inessive singular)
elämeissä (inessive plural)
elämeihnä (inessive plural)
elämästä (elative singular)
elämeistä (elative plural)
elämäsen (illative singular)
elämeisen (illative plural)
elämällä (adessive singular)
elämeillä (adessive plural)
elämältä (ablative singular)
elämeiltä (ablative plural)
elämälen (allative singular)
elämälek (allative singular)
elämeilen (allative plural)
elämeilek (allative plural)
elämänä (essive singular)
elämeinä (essive plural)
elämäksi (singular translative)
elämeiksi (plural translative)
elämän (instructive singular)
elämein (instructive plural)
elämänek (comitative singular)
elämeinek (comitative plural)
elämättä (abessive singular)
elämeittä (abessive plural)

Finnish: elämä

Ingrian: elämä

Karelian: elämä

Votic: eläme

From *elädäk + *-mä. Cognate with Proto-Samic *ealēmē.


taito

taito (nominative singular)
taidot (nominative plural)
taidon (accusative singular)
taidot (accusative plural)
taidon (genitive singular)
taitodën (genitive plural)
taitoidën (genitive plural)
taitoda (partitive singular)
taitoida (partitive plural)
taidossa (inessive singular)
taidohna (inessive singular)
taidoissa (inessive plural)
taidoihna (inessive plural)
taidosta (elative singular)
taidoista (elative plural)
taitohën (illative singular)
taitoihën (illative plural)
taidolla (adessive singular)
taidoilla (adessive plural)
taidolta (ablative singular)
taidoilta (ablative plural)
taitolën (allative singular)
taitolëk (allative singular)
taitoilën (allative plural)
taitoilëk (allative plural)
taitona (essive singular)
taitoina (essive plural)
taidoksi (singular translative)
taidoiksi (plural translative)
taidon (instructive singular)
taidoin (instructive plural)
taitonëk (comitative singular)
taitoinëk (comitative plural)
taidotta (abessive singular)
taidoitta (abessive plural)

Finnish: taito

Karelian:

North Karelian: taito

South Karelian: taido

Võro: taid


ohi

ohi (nominative singular)
ohët (nominative plural)
ohën (accusative singular)
ohët (accusative plural)
ohën (genitive singular)
ohtën (genitive plural)
ohidën (genitive plural)
ohta (partitive singular)
ohida (partitive plural)
ohëssa (inessive singular)
ohëhna (inessive singular)
ohissa (inessive plural)
ohihna (inessive plural)
ohësta (elative singular)
ohista (elative plural)
ohëhën (illative singular)
ohihën (illative plural)
ohëlla (adessive singular)
ohilla (adessive plural)
ohëlta (ablative singular)
ohilta (ablative plural)
ohëlën (allative singular)
ohëlëk (allative singular)
ohilën (allative plural)
ohilëk (allative plural)
ohëna (essive singular)
ohina (essive plural)
ohëksi (singular translative)
ohiksi (plural translative)
ohën (instructive singular)
ohin (instructive plural)
ohënëk (comitative singular)
ohinëk (comitative plural)
ohëtta (abessive singular)
ohitta (abessive plural)

Finnish: ohi (“side”) (obsolete), ⇒ ohi (“past”), ohitse (“past”), ohessa (“alongside”), ohella (“alongside”)

Karelian:

North Karelian: ⇒ ohittši (“past”)


pura

pura (nominative singular)
purat (nominative plural)
puran (accusative singular)
purat (accusative plural)
puran (genitive singular)
puradën (genitive plural)
purëidën (genitive plural)
purada (partitive singular)
purëida (partitive plural)
purassa (inessive singular)
purahna (inessive singular)
purëissa (inessive plural)
purëihna (inessive plural)
purasta (elative singular)
purëista (elative plural)
purahën (illative singular)
purëihën (illative plural)
puralla (adessive singular)
purëilla (adessive plural)
puralta (ablative singular)
purëilta (ablative plural)
puralën (allative singular)
puralëk (allative singular)
purëilën (allative plural)
purëilëk (allative plural)
purana (essive singular)
purëina (essive plural)
puraksi (singular translative)
purëiksi (plural translative)
puran (instructive singular)
purëin (instructive plural)
puranëk (comitative singular)
purëinëk (comitative plural)
puratta (abessive singular)
purëitta (abessive plural)

Estonian: pura

⇒ Estonian: purikas

Finnish: pura

Ingrian: pura

Karelian:

North Karelian: pura

South Karelian: pura

Livvi: bura

⇒ Votic: purikkõ

Finnish: puras

Karelian:

North Karelian: puraš

South Karelian: puras

Livvi: puras

Livonian: purāz

Ludian: puraz

Veps: puraz

Võro: puras


raja

raja (nominative singular)
rajat (nominative plural)
rajan (accusative singular)
rajat (accusative plural)
rajan (genitive singular)
rajadën (genitive plural)
rajoidën (genitive plural)
rajada (partitive singular)
rajoida (partitive plural)
rajassa (inessive singular)
rajahna (inessive singular)
rajoissa (inessive plural)
rajoihna (inessive plural)
rajasta (elative singular)
rajoista (elative plural)
rajahën (illative singular)
rajoihën (illative plural)
rajalla (adessive singular)
rajoilla (adessive plural)
rajalta (ablative singular)
rajoilta (ablative plural)
rajalën (allative singular)
rajalëk (allative singular)
rajoilën (allative plural)
rajoilëk (allative plural)
rajana (essive singular)
rajoina (essive plural)
rajaksi (singular translative)
rajoiksi (plural translative)
rajan (instructive singular)
rajoin (instructive plural)
rajanëk (comitative singular)
rajoinëk (comitative plural)
rajatta (abessive singular)
rajoitta (abessive plural)

Estonian: raja, ⇒ rajakas

Finnish: (dialectal) raja

Ingrian: ⇒ rajaska

Karelian:

North Karelian: raja, rajakko

South Karelian: raja, rajakko

Livvi: ⇒ rajakko

Veps: ⇒ rajak


oma

oma (nominative singular)
omat (nominative plural)
oman (accusative singular)
omat (accusative plural)
oman (genitive singular)
omadën (genitive plural)
omëidën (genitive plural)
omada (partitive singular)
omëida (partitive plural)
omassa (inessive singular)
omahna (inessive singular)
omëissa (inessive plural)
omëihna (inessive plural)
omasta (elative singular)
omëista (elative plural)
omahën (illative singular)
omëihën (illative plural)
omalla (adessive singular)
omëilla (adessive plural)
omalta (ablative singular)
omëilta (ablative plural)
omalën (allative singular)
omalëk (allative singular)
omëilën (allative plural)
omëilëk (allative plural)
omana (essive singular)
omëina (essive plural)
omaksi (singular translative)
omëiksi (plural translative)
oman (instructive singular)
omëin (instructive plural)
omanëk (comitative singular)
omëinëk (comitative plural)
omatta (abessive singular)
omëitta (abessive plural)

Estonian: oma

Finnish: oma

Ingrian: oma

Karelian:

North Karelian: oma

South Karelian: oma

Livonian: u'mmi (Courland), umm (Salaca)

Livvi: oma

Ludian: oma

⇒ Veps: omaluine

Võro: uma

Votic: õma

Possibly from a root *o- (whence *oldak) + *-ma.


hartija

hartija (nominative singular)
hartijat (nominative plural)
hartijan (accusative singular)
hartijat (accusative plural)
hartijan (genitive singular)
hartijadën (genitive plural)
hartijoidën (genitive plural)
hartijata (partitive singular)
hartijoita (partitive plural)
hartijassa (inessive singular)
hartijahna (inessive singular)
hartijoissa (inessive plural)
hartijoihna (inessive plural)
hartijasta (elative singular)
hartijoista (elative plural)
hartijasën (illative singular)
hartijoisën (illative plural)
hartijalla (adessive singular)
hartijoilla (adessive plural)
hartijalta (ablative singular)
hartijoilta (ablative plural)
hartijalën (allative singular)
hartijalëk (allative singular)
hartijoilën (allative plural)
hartijoilëk (allative plural)
hartijana (essive singular)
hartijoina (essive plural)
hartijaksi (singular translative)
hartijoiksi (plural translative)
hartijan (instructive singular)
hartijoin (instructive plural)
hartijanëk (comitative singular)
hartijoinëk (comitative plural)
hartijatta (abessive singular)
hartijoitta (abessive plural)

Finnish: hartia

Ingrian: hartia

Karelian:

North Karelian: hartie

South Karelian: hardie

Livvi: hardii

Ludian: hardii

Veps: hardjod pl

Borrowed from Proto-Norse [Term?], from Proto-Germanic *hardī (whence Old Norse herðr).


oinas

oinas (nominative singular)
oinahët (nominative plural)
oinahën (accusative singular)
oinahët (accusative plural)
oinahën (genitive singular)
oinastën (genitive plural)
oinahidën (genitive plural)
oinasta (partitive singular)
oinahita (partitive plural)
oinahëssa (inessive singular)
oinahëhna (inessive singular)
oinahissa (inessive plural)
oinahihna (inessive plural)
oinahësta (elative singular)
oinahista (elative plural)
oinahësën (illative singular)
oinahisën (illative plural)
oinahëlla (adessive singular)
oinahilla (adessive plural)
oinahëlta (ablative singular)
oinahilta (ablative plural)
oinahëlën (allative singular)
oinahëlëk (allative singular)
oinahilën (allative plural)
oinahilëk (allative plural)
oinassa (essive singular)
oinahina (essive plural)
oinahëksi (singular translative)
oinahiksi (plural translative)
oinahën (instructive singular)
oinahin (instructive plural)
oinassëk (comitative singular)
oinahinëk (comitative plural)
oinahëtta (abessive singular)
oinahitta (abessive plural)

Estonian: oinas

Finnish: oinas

Ingrian: ⇒ oikkoi (“stag”)

Karelian:

North Karelian: oinaš

South Karelian: oinaš

Livonian: (Salaca) oin

Livvi: oinas

Veps: oinaz

Võro: oinas

From earlier *owinas, borrowed from Proto-Balto-Slavic *awinas.


sauva

sauva (nominative singular)
sauvat (nominative plural)
sauvan (accusative singular)
sauvat (accusative plural)
sauvan (genitive singular)
sauvadën (genitive plural)
sauvëidën (genitive plural)
sauvada (partitive singular)
sauvëida (partitive plural)
sauvassa (inessive singular)
sauvahna (inessive singular)
sauvëissa (inessive plural)
sauvëihna (inessive plural)
sauvasta (elative singular)
sauvëista (elative plural)
sauvahën (illative singular)
sauvëihën (illative plural)
sauvalla (adessive singular)
sauvëilla (adessive plural)
sauvalta (ablative singular)
sauvëilta (ablative plural)
sauvalën (allative singular)
sauvalëk (allative singular)
sauvëilën (allative plural)
sauvëilëk (allative plural)
sauvana (essive singular)
sauvëina (essive plural)
sauvaksi (singular translative)
sauvëiksi (plural translative)
sauvan (instructive singular)
sauvëin (instructive plural)
sauvanëk (comitative singular)
sauvëinëk (comitative plural)
sauvatta (abessive singular)
sauvëitta (abessive plural)

Estonian: sau

Finnish: sauva

Ingrian: savva

Karelian: sauva

Livonian: sovā

Ludian: sauv

Votic: savvu, savvi, savvõ

From Proto-Finno-Ugric *śawŋa. Cognate with Proto-Samic *čāvŋē.


vöö

vöö (nominative singular)
vööt (nominative plural)
vöön (accusative singular)
vööt (accusative plural)
vöön (genitive singular)
vööden (genitive plural)
vöiden (genitive plural)
vöötä (partitive singular)
vöitä (partitive plural)
vöössä (inessive singular)
vööhnä (inessive singular)
vöissä (inessive plural)
vöihnä (inessive plural)
vööstä (elative singular)
vöistä (elative plural)
vöösen (illative singular)
vöisen (illative plural)
vööllä (adessive singular)
vöillä (adessive plural)
vööltä (ablative singular)
vöiltä (ablative plural)
vöölen (allative singular)
vöölek (allative singular)
vöilen (allative plural)
vöilek (allative plural)
vöönä (essive singular)
vöinä (essive plural)
vööksi (singular translative)
vöiksi (plural translative)
vöön (instructive singular)
vöin (instructive plural)
vöönek (comitative singular)
vöinek (comitative plural)
vööttä (abessive singular)
vöittä (abessive plural)

Estonian: vöö

Finnish: vyö

Ingrian: vöö

Karelian: vyö

Livvi: vyö

Ludian: vüö

Veps: vö

Võro: vüü

Votic: vöö

From Proto-Finno-Ugric *üwä. Related to Hungarian öv.


hirvas

hirvas (nominative singular)
hirvahët (nominative plural)
hirvahën (accusative singular)
hirvahët (accusative plural)
hirvahën (genitive singular)
hirvastën (genitive plural)
hirvahidën (genitive plural)
hirvasta (partitive singular)
hirvahita (partitive plural)
hirvahëssa (inessive singular)
hirvahëhna (inessive singular)
hirvahissa (inessive plural)
hirvahihna (inessive plural)
hirvahësta (elative singular)
hirvahista (elative plural)
hirvahësën (illative singular)
hirvahisën (illative plural)
hirvahëlla (adessive singular)
hirvahilla (adessive plural)
hirvahëlta (ablative singular)
hirvahilta (ablative plural)
hirvahëlën (allative singular)
hirvahëlëk (allative singular)
hirvahilën (allative plural)
hirvahilëk (allative plural)
hirvassa (essive singular)
hirvahina (essive plural)
hirvahëksi (singular translative)
hirvahiksi (plural translative)
hirvahën (instructive singular)
hirvahin (instructive plural)
hirvassëk (comitative singular)
hirvahinëk (comitative plural)
hirvahëtta (abessive singular)
hirvahitta (abessive plural)

desctree

Finnish: hirvas
→ Serbo-Croatian: ȉrvās (“reindeer”)

Karelian: (Northern) hirvas

→ Russian: гирвас (girvas)

From earlier *širwas, borrowed from Proto-Balto-Slavic *śirwas (compare Old Prussian sirwis (“roe deer”)), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱr̥wós, from *ḱerh₂-; see there for more.


oja

oja (nominative singular)
ojat (nominative plural)
ojan (accusative singular)
ojat (accusative plural)
ojan (genitive singular)
ojadën (genitive plural)
ojëidën (genitive plural)
ojada (partitive singular)
ojëida (partitive plural)
ojassa (inessive singular)
ojahna (inessive singular)
ojëissa (inessive plural)
ojëihna (inessive plural)
ojasta (elative singular)
ojëista (elative plural)
ojahën (illative singular)
ojëihën (illative plural)
ojalla (adessive singular)
ojëilla (adessive plural)
ojalta (ablative singular)
ojëilta (ablative plural)
ojalën (allative singular)
ojalëk (allative singular)
ojëilën (allative plural)
ojëilëk (allative plural)
ojana (essive singular)
ojëina (essive plural)
ojaksi (singular translative)
ojëiksi (plural translative)
ojan (instructive singular)
ojëin (instructive plural)
ojanëk (comitative singular)
ojëinëk (comitative plural)
ojatta (abessive singular)
ojëitta (abessive plural)

Estonian: oja

Finnish: oja

Ingrian: oja

Karelian: oja

Livonian: vȯja

Veps: oja

Võro: oja, uja

Votic: õja

Unknown. Sometimes proposed to come from Proto-Uralic *woja, but this relies entirely on proposals that a related word would be found in toponyms of Udmurt origin.


hoi

hoi (nominative singular)
hoit (nominative plural)
hoin (accusative singular)
hoit (accusative plural)
hoin (genitive singular)
hoidën (genitive plural)
hoita (partitive singular)
hoita (partitive plural)
hoissa (inessive singular)
hoihna (inessive singular)
hoissa (inessive plural)
hoihna (inessive plural)
hoista (elative singular)
hoista (elative plural)
hoisën (illative singular)
hoisën (illative plural)
hoilla (adessive singular)
hoilla (adessive plural)
hoilta (ablative singular)
hoilta (ablative plural)
hoilën (allative singular)
hoilëk (allative singular)
hoilën (allative plural)
hoilëk (allative plural)
hoina (essive singular)
hoina (essive plural)
hoiksi (singular translative)
hoiksi (plural translative)
hoin (instructive singular)
hoin (instructive plural)
hoinëk (comitative singular)
hoinëk (comitative plural)
hoitta (abessive singular)
hoitta (abessive plural)

Livonian: vȯi

Võro: hoi

Estonian: hui

Finnish: (dialectal) hui

From Proto-Finno-Permic *šoje, *šuje. Cognate with Proto-Samic *suojë.


kumpu

kumpu (nominative singular)
kumbut (nominative plural)
kumbun (accusative singular)
kumbut (accusative plural)
kumbun (genitive singular)
kumpudën (genitive plural)
kumpuidën (genitive plural)
kumpuda (partitive singular)
kumpuida (partitive plural)
kumbussa (inessive singular)
kumbuhna (inessive singular)
kumbuissa (inessive plural)
kumbuihna (inessive plural)
kumbusta (elative singular)
kumbuista (elative plural)
kumpuhën (illative singular)
kumpuihën (illative plural)
kumbulla (adessive singular)
kumbuilla (adessive plural)
kumbulta (ablative singular)
kumbuilta (ablative plural)
kumpulën (allative singular)
kumpulëk (allative singular)
kumpuilën (allative plural)
kumpuilëk (allative plural)
kumpuna (essive singular)
kumpuina (essive plural)
kumbuksi (singular translative)
kumbuiksi (plural translative)
kumbun (instructive singular)
kumbuin (instructive plural)
kumpunëk (comitative singular)
kumpuinëk (comitative plural)
kumbutta (abessive singular)
kumbuitta (abessive plural)

Finnish: kumpu

Karelian:

North Karelian: kumpu

South Karelian: kumbu

From earlier *kumpi + *-u, from Proto-Finno-Permic *kumpe (“hillock, tussock”). Cognates include Proto-Samic *kompë and probably Proto-Mari *kŭp (“swamp”).


iho

iho (nominative singular)
ihot (nominative plural)
ihon (accusative singular)
ihot (accusative plural)
ihon (genitive singular)
ihodën (genitive plural)
ihoidën (genitive plural)
ihoda (partitive singular)
ihoida (partitive plural)
ihossa (inessive singular)
ihohna (inessive singular)
ihoissa (inessive plural)
ihoihna (inessive plural)
ihosta (elative singular)
ihoista (elative plural)
ihohën (illative singular)
ihoihën (illative plural)
iholla (adessive singular)
ihoilla (adessive plural)
iholta (ablative singular)
ihoilta (ablative plural)
iholën (allative singular)
iholëk (allative singular)
ihoilën (allative plural)
ihoilëk (allative plural)
ihona (essive singular)
ihoina (essive plural)
ihoksi (singular translative)
ihoiksi (plural translative)
ihon (instructive singular)
ihoin (instructive plural)
ihonëk (comitative singular)
ihoinëk (comitative plural)
ihotta (abessive singular)
ihoitta (abessive plural)

Estonian: ihu

Finnish: iho

Karelian: iho

Ingrian: iho

Võro: iho

Votic: iho


tauti

tauti (nominative singular)
taudit (nominative plural)
taudin (accusative singular)
taudit (accusative plural)
taudin (genitive singular)
tautidën (genitive plural)
tautëjidën (genitive plural)
tautida (partitive singular)
tautëjita (partitive plural)
taudissa (inessive singular)
taudihna (inessive singular)
tautëjissa (inessive plural)
tautëjihna (inessive plural)
taudista (elative singular)
tautëjista (elative plural)
tautihën (illative singular)
tautëjisën (illative plural)
taudilla (adessive singular)
tautëjilla (adessive plural)
taudilta (ablative singular)
tautëjilta (ablative plural)
tautilën (allative singular)
tautilëk (allative singular)
tautëjilën (allative plural)
tautëjilëk (allative plural)
tautina (essive singular)
tautëjina (essive plural)
taudiksi (singular translative)
tautëjiksi (plural translative)
taudin (instructive singular)
tautëjin (instructive plural)
tautinëk (comitative singular)
tautëjinëk (comitative plural)
tauditta (abessive singular)
tautëjitta (abessive plural)

Estonian: taud

Finnish: tauti

Ingrian: tauti

Karelian:

North Karelian: tauti

South Karelian: taudi

Livvi: taudi

Votic: tauti

→ Proto-Samic: *tāvtë (see there for further descendants)

Borrowed from Proto-Norse *ᛞᚨᚢᚦᛁ (*dauþi), from Proto-Germanic *dauþuz, whence Old Norse dauði (“death, deadly epidemic”).


utu

utu (nominative singular)
udut (nominative plural)
udun (accusative singular)
udut (accusative plural)
udun (genitive singular)
utudën (genitive plural)
utuidën (genitive plural)
utuda (partitive singular)
utuida (partitive plural)
udussa (inessive singular)
uduhna (inessive singular)
uduissa (inessive plural)
uduihna (inessive plural)
udusta (elative singular)
uduista (elative plural)
utuhën (illative singular)
utuihën (illative plural)
udulla (adessive singular)
uduilla (adessive plural)
udulta (ablative singular)
uduilta (ablative plural)
utulën (allative singular)
utulëk (allative singular)
utuilën (allative plural)
utuilëk (allative plural)
utuna (essive singular)
utuina (essive plural)
uduksi (singular translative)
uduiksi (plural translative)
udun (instructive singular)
uduin (instructive plural)
utunëk (comitative singular)
utuinëk (comitative plural)
udutta (abessive singular)
uduitta (abessive plural)

Estonian: udu

Finnish: utu

Ingrian: utu

Karelian: utu, udu

Livonian: u’d

Livvi: udu

Votic: utu

Probably borrowed from Proto-Germanic *ūdą (whence Icelandic úði).


hirvi

hirvi (nominative singular)
hirvet (nominative plural)
hirven (accusative singular)
hirvet (accusative plural)
hirven (genitive singular)
hirveden (genitive plural)
hirviden (genitive plural)
hirvedä (partitive singular)
hirvidä (partitive plural)
hirvessä (inessive singular)
hirvehnä (inessive singular)
hirvissä (inessive plural)
hirvihnä (inessive plural)
hirvestä (elative singular)
hirvistä (elative plural)
hirvehen (illative singular)
hirvihen (illative plural)
hirvellä (adessive singular)
hirvillä (adessive plural)
hirveltä (ablative singular)
hirviltä (ablative plural)
hirvelen (allative singular)
hirvelek (allative singular)
hirvilen (allative plural)
hirvilek (allative plural)
hirvenä (essive singular)
hirvinä (essive plural)
hirveksi (singular translative)
hirviksi (plural translative)
hirven (instructive singular)
hirvin (instructive plural)
hirvenek (comitative singular)
hirvinek (comitative plural)
hirvettä (abessive singular)
hirvittä (abessive plural)

Estonian: hirv

Finnish: hirvi

Ingrian: hirvi, hervi

Karelian:

North Karelian: hirvi

South Karelian: hirvi

Livonian: īra

Livvi: hirvi

Ludian: hirv

Veps: hirvoi

Votic: irvi

From earlier *širwe, from a Balto-Slavic source similar to that of *hirvas. Proto-Samic *sërvë has the same origin.


usko

usko (nominative singular)
uskot (nominative plural)
uskon (accusative singular)
uskot (accusative plural)
uskon (genitive singular)
uskodën (genitive plural)
uskoidën (genitive plural)
uskoda (partitive singular)
uskoida (partitive plural)
uskossa (inessive singular)
uskohna (inessive singular)
uskoissa (inessive plural)
uskoihna (inessive plural)
uskosta (elative singular)
uskoista (elative plural)
uskohën (illative singular)
uskoihën (illative plural)
uskolla (adessive singular)
uskoilla (adessive plural)
uskolta (ablative singular)
uskoilta (ablative plural)
uskolën (allative singular)
uskolëk (allative singular)
uskoilën (allative plural)
uskoilëk (allative plural)
uskona (essive singular)
uskoina (essive plural)
uskoksi (singular translative)
uskoiksi (plural translative)
uskon (instructive singular)
uskoin (instructive plural)
uskonëk (comitative singular)
uskoinëk (comitative plural)
uskotta (abessive singular)
uskoitta (abessive plural)

Estonian: usk

Finnish: usko

Ingrian: usko

Karelian:

South Karelian: usko

Livvi: usko

Livonian: usk

Ludian: usk

Veps: usk

Võro: usk

Votic: usko


otava

otava (nominative singular)
otavat (nominative plural)
otavan (accusative singular)
otavat (accusative plural)
otavan (genitive singular)
otavadën (genitive plural)
otavoidën (genitive plural)
otavata (partitive singular)
otavoita (partitive plural)
otavassa (inessive singular)
otavahna (inessive singular)
otavoissa (inessive plural)
otavoihna (inessive plural)
otavasta (elative singular)
otavoista (elative plural)
otavasën (illative singular)
otavoisën (illative plural)
otavalla (adessive singular)
otavoilla (adessive plural)
otavalta (ablative singular)
otavoilta (ablative plural)
otavalën (allative singular)
otavalëk (allative singular)
otavoilën (allative plural)
otavoilëk (allative plural)
otavana (essive singular)
otavoina (essive plural)
otavaksi (singular translative)
otavoiksi (plural translative)
otavan (instructive singular)
otavoin (instructive plural)
otavanëk (comitative singular)
otavoinëk (comitative plural)
otavatta (abessive singular)
otavoitta (abessive plural)

Estonian: odav (dialectal)

Finnish: otava

Ingrian: Otava

Karelian: otava (Northern)

Votic: Õtavõ

⇒ Estonian: odamus (dialectal)

Finnish: otama (dialectal)

Karelian: odama, adama (Southern)

Livvi: adamu

Ludian: adam

From Proto-Uralic *woča (“fence, fishweir”). Cognate with Proto-Samic *oacē and Erzya ош (oš). The origin of the third syllable *-va is not clear.


maku

maku (nominative singular)
magut (nominative plural)
magun (accusative singular)
magut (accusative plural)
magun (genitive singular)
makudën (genitive plural)
makuidën (genitive plural)
makuda (partitive singular)
makuida (partitive plural)
magussa (inessive singular)
maguhna (inessive singular)
maguissa (inessive plural)
maguihna (inessive plural)
magusta (elative singular)
maguista (elative plural)
makuhën (illative singular)
makuihën (illative plural)
magulla (adessive singular)
maguilla (adessive plural)
magulta (ablative singular)
maguilta (ablative plural)
makulën (allative singular)
makulëk (allative singular)
makuilën (allative plural)
makuilëk (allative plural)
makuna (essive singular)
makuina (essive plural)
maguksi (singular translative)
maguiksi (plural translative)
magun (instructive singular)
maguin (instructive plural)
makunëk (comitative singular)
makuinëk (comitative plural)
magutta (abessive singular)
maguitta (abessive plural)

Estonian: (archaic) magu, magus

Finnish: maku

Ingrian: maku

Karelian: maku, magu

Livonian: ma’g

Livvi: magu

Ludian: magu

Veps: magu

Võro: magu

Votic: maku

*mak- + *-u; derived from the same root as *makëda.


suvi

suvi (nominative singular)
suvët (nominative plural)
suvën (accusative singular)
suvët (accusative plural)
suvën (genitive singular)
suvëdën (genitive plural)
suvidën (genitive plural)
suvëda (partitive singular)
suvida (partitive plural)
suvëssa (inessive singular)
suvëhna (inessive singular)
suvissa (inessive plural)
suvihna (inessive plural)
suvësta (elative singular)
suvista (elative plural)
suvëhën (illative singular)
suvihën (illative plural)
suvëlla (adessive singular)
suvilla (adessive plural)
suvëlta (ablative singular)
suvilta (ablative plural)
suvëlën (allative singular)
suvëlëk (allative singular)
suvilën (allative plural)
suvilëk (allative plural)
suvëna (essive singular)
suvina (essive plural)
suvëksi (singular translative)
suviksi (plural translative)
suvën (instructive singular)
suvin (instructive plural)
suvënëk (comitative singular)
suvinëk (comitative plural)
suvëtta (abessive singular)
suvitta (abessive plural)

Estonian: suvi (“summer”)

Finnish: suvi (“summer, south”) (literary or archaic)

Ingrian: (obsolete) suvi (“summer”)

Karelian:

North Karelian: šuvi (“south”)

South Karelian: šuvi (“south”)

Livonian:

Courland Livonian: se'uv, sõv, sõvvõ (“summer”)

Vidzeme Livonian: süu, süvva (“summer”)

Livvi: suvi (“south”)

Ludian: suvi (“south”)

Veps: suvi (“south”)

Võro: suvi (“summer”)

Votic: suvi (“summer”)


pivo

pivo (nominative singular)
pivot (nominative plural)
pivon (accusative singular)
pivot (accusative plural)
pivon (genitive singular)
pivodën (genitive plural)
pivoidën (genitive plural)
pivoda (partitive singular)
pivoida (partitive plural)
pivossa (inessive singular)
pivohna (inessive singular)
pivoissa (inessive plural)
pivoihna (inessive plural)
pivosta (elative singular)
pivoista (elative plural)
pivohën (illative singular)
pivoihën (illative plural)
pivolla (adessive singular)
pivoilla (adessive plural)
pivolta (ablative singular)
pivoilta (ablative plural)
pivolën (allative singular)
pivolëk (allative singular)
pivoilën (allative plural)
pivoilëk (allative plural)
pivona (essive singular)
pivoina (essive plural)
pivoksi (singular translative)
pivoiksi (plural translative)
pivon (instructive singular)
pivoin (instructive plural)
pivonëk (comitative singular)
pivoinëk (comitative plural)
pivotta (abessive singular)
pivoitta (abessive plural)

Estonian: peo

Finnish: pivo

Ingrian: pijo, piho

Karelian:

North Karelian: pivo

South Karelian: pivo

Livonian: pi’v

Livvi: pivo

Ludian: pivo

Veps: pijo

Võro: pio

Votic: (Kattila) pivo


sää

sää (nominative singular)
säät (nominative plural)
sään (accusative singular)
säät (accusative plural)
sään (genitive singular)
sääden (genitive plural)
säiden (genitive plural)
säätä (partitive singular)
säitä (partitive plural)
säässä (inessive singular)
säähnä (inessive singular)
säissä (inessive plural)
säihnä (inessive plural)
säästä (elative singular)
säistä (elative plural)
sääsen (illative singular)
säisen (illative plural)
säällä (adessive singular)
säillä (adessive plural)
säältä (ablative singular)
säiltä (ablative plural)
säälen (allative singular)
säälek (allative singular)
säilen (allative plural)
säilek (allative plural)
säänä (essive singular)
säinä (essive plural)
sääksi (singular translative)
säiksi (plural translative)
sään (instructive singular)
säin (instructive plural)
säänek (comitative singular)
säinek (comitative plural)
säättä (abessive singular)
säittä (abessive plural)

Finnish: sää

Ingrian: sää

Karelian:

North Karelian: šiä

South Karelian: šiä

Ludian: siä

Veps: sä

Votic: sää


vasa

vasa (nominative singular)
vasat (nominative plural)
vasan (accusative singular)
vasat (accusative plural)
vasan (genitive singular)
vasadën (genitive plural)
vasoidën (genitive plural)
vasada (partitive singular)
vasoida (partitive plural)
vasassa (inessive singular)
vasahna (inessive singular)
vasoissa (inessive plural)
vasoihna (inessive plural)
vasasta (elative singular)
vasoista (elative plural)
vasahën (illative singular)
vasoihën (illative plural)
vasalla (adessive singular)
vasoilla (adessive plural)
vasalta (ablative singular)
vasoilta (ablative plural)
vasalën (allative singular)
vasalëk (allative singular)
vasoilën (allative plural)
vasoilëk (allative plural)
vasana (essive singular)
vasoina (essive plural)
vasaksi (singular translative)
vasoiksi (plural translative)
vasan (instructive singular)
vasoin (instructive plural)
vasanëk (comitative singular)
vasoinëk (comitative plural)
vasatta (abessive singular)
vasoitta (abessive plural)

Finnish: vasa

Karelian:

North Karelian: vaša

South Karelian: važa

Livvi: vaza

Ludian: vaza

Veps: vaza

Votic: (Kattila) vasa

From Proto-Finno-Permic [Term?], borrowed from Proto-Iranian *wacáh (“yearling calf”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *wet- (“year”). Other Uralic words from the same source include Proto-Samic *vuosē, Erzya ваз (vaz, “calf”), Moksha ваз (vaz, “calf”). The Iranian word was also separately borrowed into Mansi (e.g. Northern Mansi [script needed] (wāsiɣ, “moose calf”)).


noki

noki (nominative singular)
nogët (nominative plural)
nogën (accusative singular)
nogët (accusative plural)
nogën (genitive singular)
nokëdën (genitive plural)
nokidën (genitive plural)
nokëda (partitive singular)
nokida (partitive plural)
nogëssa (inessive singular)
nogëhna (inessive singular)
nogissa (inessive plural)
nogihna (inessive plural)
nogësta (elative singular)
nogista (elative plural)
nokëhën (illative singular)
nokihën (illative plural)
nogëlla (adessive singular)
nogilla (adessive plural)
nogëlta (ablative singular)
nogilta (ablative plural)
nokëlën (allative singular)
nokëlëk (allative singular)
nokilën (allative plural)
nokilëk (allative plural)
nokëna (essive singular)
nokina (essive plural)
nogëksi (singular translative)
nogiksi (plural translative)
nogën (instructive singular)
nogin (instructive plural)
nokënëk (comitative singular)
nokinëk (comitative plural)
nogëtta (abessive singular)
nogitta (abessive plural)

Estonian: nõgi

Finnish: noki

Ingrian: noki

→ Votic: nõki

Karelian:

North Karelian: noki

South Karelian: nogi

Livonian: no’ugõd

Livvi: nogi

Ludian: nogi

Veps: nogi

Võro: nõgi

Votic: (Kattila) nõtši


kuuro

kuuro (nominative singular)
kuurot (nominative plural)
kuuron (accusative singular)
kuurot (accusative plural)
kuuron (genitive singular)
kuurodën (genitive plural)
kuuroidën (genitive plural)
kuuroda (partitive singular)
kuuroida (partitive plural)
kuurossa (inessive singular)
kuurohna (inessive singular)
kuuroissa (inessive plural)
kuuroihna (inessive plural)
kuurosta (elative singular)
kuuroista (elative plural)
kuurohën (illative singular)
kuuroihën (illative plural)
kuurolla (adessive singular)
kuuroilla (adessive plural)
kuurolta (ablative singular)
kuuroilta (ablative plural)
kuurolën (allative singular)
kuurolëk (allative singular)
kuuroilën (allative plural)
kuuroilëk (allative plural)
kuurona (essive singular)
kuuroina (essive plural)
kuuroksi (singular translative)
kuuroiksi (plural translative)
kuuron (instructive singular)
kuuroin (instructive plural)
kuuronëk (comitative singular)
kuuroinëk (comitative plural)
kuurotta (abessive singular)
kuuroitta (abessive plural)

Finnish: kuuro

Karelian: kuuro (in compound: kuuropeä)

Veps: kur, kuro

Votic: (Rudja) kuuro


siipi

siipi (nominative singular)
siibet (nominative plural)
siiben (accusative singular)
siibet (accusative plural)
siiben (genitive singular)
siipeden (genitive plural)
siipiden (genitive plural)
siipedä (partitive singular)
siipidä (partitive plural)
siibessä (inessive singular)
siibehnä (inessive singular)
siibissä (inessive plural)
siibihnä (inessive plural)
siibestä (elative singular)
siibistä (elative plural)
siipehen (illative singular)
siipihen (illative plural)
siibellä (adessive singular)
siibillä (adessive plural)
siibeltä (ablative singular)
siibiltä (ablative plural)
siipelen (allative singular)
siipelek (allative singular)
siipilen (allative plural)
siipilek (allative plural)
siipenä (essive singular)
siipinä (essive plural)
siibeksi (singular translative)
siibiksi (plural translative)
siiben (instructive singular)
siibin (instructive plural)
siipenek (comitative singular)
siipinek (comitative plural)
siibettä (abessive singular)
siibittä (abessive plural)

Finnish: siipi

Ingrian: siipi

Karelian:

North Karelian: šiipi

South Karelian: šiibi, siibi

Livvi: siibi

Ludian: šiib

Votic: siipi

Võro: siib

Estonian: tiib

Livonian: tībõz

Unknown. Possibly borrowed from Proto-Baltic [Term?].


varis

varis (nominative singular)
variksët (nominative plural)
variksën (accusative singular)
variksët (accusative plural)
variksën (genitive singular)
varistën (genitive plural)
variksidën (genitive plural)
varista (partitive singular)
variksita (partitive plural)
variksëssa (inessive singular)
variksëhna (inessive singular)
variksissa (inessive plural)
variksihna (inessive plural)
variksësta (elative singular)
variksista (elative plural)
variksësën (illative singular)
variksisën (illative plural)
variksëlla (adessive singular)
variksilla (adessive plural)
variksëlta (ablative singular)
variksilta (ablative plural)
variksëlën (allative singular)
variksëlëk (allative singular)
variksilën (allative plural)
variksilëk (allative plural)
varissa (essive singular)
variksina (essive plural)
variksëksi (singular translative)
variksiksi (plural translative)
variksën (instructive singular)
variksin (instructive plural)
varissëk (comitative singular)
variksinëk (comitative plural)
variksëtta (abessive singular)
variksitta (abessive plural)

Finnish: varis

Ingrian: varis

Karelian:

North Karelian: varis

South Karelian: varis

Veps: variš

Estonian: vares

Votic: varõz

Võro: varõs

Livvi: varoi

Ludian: varoi

Livonian: vaŗīkš

From Proto-Uralic *warᴈ. Possibly an onomatopoeic root. The descendants reflect three forms: *varis, *varës and *varoi (probably with the diminutive ending *-oi). For this, compare *jänis.


sormus

sormus (nominative singular)
sormuksët (nominative plural)
sormuksën (accusative singular)
sormuksët (accusative plural)
sormuksën (genitive singular)
sormustën (genitive plural)
sormuksidën (genitive plural)
sormusta (partitive singular)
sormuksita (partitive plural)
sormuksëssa (inessive singular)
sormuksëhna (inessive singular)
sormuksissa (inessive plural)
sormuksihna (inessive plural)
sormuksësta (elative singular)
sormuksista (elative plural)
sormuksësën (illative singular)
sormuksisën (illative plural)
sormuksëlla (adessive singular)
sormuksilla (adessive plural)
sormuksëlta (ablative singular)
sormuksilta (ablative plural)
sormuksëlën (allative singular)
sormuksëlëk (allative singular)
sormuksilën (allative plural)
sormuksilëk (allative plural)
sormussa (essive singular)
sormuksina (essive plural)
sormuksëksi (singular translative)
sormuksiksi (plural translative)
sormuksën (instructive singular)
sormuksin (instructive plural)
sormussëk (comitative singular)
sormuksinëk (comitative plural)
sormuksëtta (abessive singular)
sormuksitta (abessive plural)

Estonian: sõrmus

Finnish: sormus

Ingrian: sormus

Karelian:

North Karelian: šormuš

South Karelian: šormuš

Livonian:

Courland Livonian: sūormõks

Vidzeme Livonian: sormuks

Livvi: sormus

Veps: sormuz

Võro: sõrmus

Votic: sõrmuz


sormi

sormi (nominative singular)
sormët (nominative plural)
sormën (accusative singular)
sormët (accusative plural)
sormën (genitive singular)
sormëdën (genitive plural)
sormidën (genitive plural)
sormëda (partitive singular)
sormida (partitive plural)
sormëssa (inessive singular)
sormëhna (inessive singular)
sormissa (inessive plural)
sormihna (inessive plural)
sormësta (elative singular)
sormista (elative plural)
sormëhën (illative singular)
sormihën (illative plural)
sormëlla (adessive singular)
sormilla (adessive plural)
sormëlta (ablative singular)
sormilta (ablative plural)
sormëlën (allative singular)
sormëlëk (allative singular)
sormilën (allative plural)
sormilëk (allative plural)
sormëna (essive singular)
sormina (essive plural)
sormëksi (singular translative)
sormiksi (plural translative)
sormën (instructive singular)
sormin (instructive plural)
sormënëk (comitative singular)
sorminëk (comitative plural)
sormëtta (abessive singular)
sormitta (abessive plural)

Estonian: sõrm

Finnish: sormi

Ingrian: sormi

Karelian:

North Karelian: šormi

South Karelian: šormi

Livonian:

Courland Livonian: suoŗm

Vidzeme Livonian: sorm

Ludian: sorm

Veps: sorm

Võro: sõrm'

Votic: sõrmi

From Proto-Finno-Ugric *sorme. Cognate with Proto-Samic *suormë.


surma

surma (nominative singular)
surmat (nominative plural)
surman (accusative singular)
surmat (accusative plural)
surman (genitive singular)
surmadën (genitive plural)
surmëidën (genitive plural)
surmada (partitive singular)
surmëida (partitive plural)
surmassa (inessive singular)
surmahna (inessive singular)
surmëissa (inessive plural)
surmëihna (inessive plural)
surmasta (elative singular)
surmëista (elative plural)
surmahën (illative singular)
surmëihën (illative plural)
surmalla (adessive singular)
surmëilla (adessive plural)
surmalta (ablative singular)
surmëilta (ablative plural)
surmalën (allative singular)
surmalëk (allative singular)
surmëilën (allative plural)
surmëilëk (allative plural)
surmana (essive singular)
surmëina (essive plural)
surmaksi (singular translative)
surmëiksi (plural translative)
surman (instructive singular)
surmëin (instructive plural)
surmanëk (comitative singular)
surmëinëk (comitative plural)
surmatta (abessive singular)
surmëitta (abessive plural)

Estonian: surm

→ Livonian: surm

Finnish: surma

Ingrian: surma

Karelian:

North Karelian: šurma

South Karelian: šurma

Livvi: surmu

Ludian: surm

Veps: surm

Võro: surm

Votic: surmõ

→ Proto-Samic: *sormē (see there for further descendants)

From Proto-Uralic *śurma (“death”) (whence also Eastern Khanty [script needed] (sŏrəm)), equivalent to *surdak + *-ma.


töö

te (nominative plural)
töö (nominative plural)
tedet (accusative plural)
teidet (accusative plural)
teden (genitive plural)
teiden (genitive plural)
teitä (partitive plural)
teissä (inessive plural)
teihnä (inessive plural)
teistä (elative plural)
teisen (illative plural)
teillä (adessive plural)
teiltä (ablative plural)
teilen (allative plural)
teilek (allative plural)
teinä (essive plural)
teiksi (plural translative)
tein (instructive plural)
teinek (comitative plural)
teittä (abessive plural)

Finnish: (dialectal) työ

Ingrian: töö

Karelian:

North Karelian: työ

South Karelian: työ

>? Livonian: tēg

Livvi: työ

Ludian: tüö

Veps: tö

Votic: tüü, töö


töö

töö (nominative singular)
tööt (nominative plural)
töön (accusative singular)
tööt (accusative plural)
töön (genitive singular)
tööden (genitive plural)
töiden (genitive plural)
töötä (partitive singular)
töitä (partitive plural)
töössä (inessive singular)
tööhnä (inessive singular)
töissä (inessive plural)
töihnä (inessive plural)
tööstä (elative singular)
töistä (elative plural)
töösen (illative singular)
töisen (illative plural)
tööllä (adessive singular)
töillä (adessive plural)
tööltä (ablative singular)
töiltä (ablative plural)
töölen (allative singular)
töölek (allative singular)
töilen (allative plural)
töilek (allative plural)
töönä (essive singular)
töinä (essive plural)
tööksi (singular translative)
töiksi (plural translative)
töön (instructive singular)
töin (instructive plural)
töönek (comitative singular)
töinek (comitative plural)
tööttä (abessive singular)
töittä (abessive plural)

Estonian: töö

Finnish: työ

Ingrian: töö

Karelian:

North Karelian: työ

South Karelian: työ

Veps: tö

Võro: tüü

Votic: töö, tüü


pii

pii (nominative singular)
piit (nominative plural)
piin (accusative singular)
piit (accusative plural)
piin (genitive singular)
piiden (genitive plural)
piitä (partitive singular)
piitä (partitive plural)
piissä (inessive singular)
piihnä (inessive singular)
piissä (inessive plural)
piihnä (inessive plural)
piistä (elative singular)
piistä (elative plural)
piisen (illative singular)
piisen (illative plural)
piillä (adessive singular)
piillä (adessive plural)
piiltä (ablative singular)
piiltä (ablative plural)
piilen (allative singular)
piilek (allative singular)
piilen (allative plural)
piilek (allative plural)
piinä (essive singular)
piinä (essive plural)
piiksi (singular translative)
piiksi (plural translative)
piin (instructive singular)
piin (instructive plural)
piinek (comitative singular)
piinek (comitative plural)
piittä (abessive singular)
piittä (abessive plural)

Estonian: pii

Finnish: pii

Ingrian: pii

Karelian: pii

Veps: pi

Votic: pii


pelko

pelko (nominative singular)
pelgot (nominative plural)
pelgon (accusative singular)
pelgot (accusative plural)
pelgon (genitive singular)
pelkodën (genitive plural)
pelkoidën (genitive plural)
pelkoda (partitive singular)
pelkoida (partitive plural)
pelgossa (inessive singular)
pelgohna (inessive singular)
pelgoissa (inessive plural)
pelgoihna (inessive plural)
pelgosta (elative singular)
pelgoista (elative plural)
pelkohën (illative singular)
pelkoihën (illative plural)
pelgolla (adessive singular)
pelgoilla (adessive plural)
pelgolta (ablative singular)
pelgoilta (ablative plural)
pelkolën (allative singular)
pelkolëk (allative singular)
pelkoilën (allative plural)
pelkoilëk (allative plural)
pelkona (essive singular)
pelkoina (essive plural)
pelgoksi (singular translative)
pelgoiksi (plural translative)
pelgon (instructive singular)
pelgoin (instructive plural)
pelkonëk (comitative singular)
pelkoinëk (comitative plural)
pelgotta (abessive singular)
pelgoitta (abessive plural)

Estonian: pelg (dialectal)

Finnish: pelko

Ingrian: pelko

Karelian: pelko

Võro: pelg

Votic: pelko

From the same root as *pelgäit'äk (which see for more) + *-o.


sorsa

sorsa (nominative singular)
sorsat (nominative plural)
sorsan (accusative singular)
sorsat (accusative plural)
sorsan (genitive singular)
sorsadën (genitive plural)
sorsëidën (genitive plural)
sorsada (partitive singular)
sorsëida (partitive plural)
sorsassa (inessive singular)
sorsahna (inessive singular)
sorsëissa (inessive plural)
sorsëihna (inessive plural)
sorsasta (elative singular)
sorsëista (elative plural)
sorsahën (illative singular)
sorsëihën (illative plural)
sorsalla (adessive singular)
sorsëilla (adessive plural)
sorsalta (ablative singular)
sorsëilta (ablative plural)
sorsalën (allative singular)
sorsalëk (allative singular)
sorsëilën (allative plural)
sorsëilëk (allative plural)
sorsana (essive singular)
sorsëina (essive plural)
sorsaksi (singular translative)
sorsëiksi (plural translative)
sorsan (instructive singular)
sorsëin (instructive plural)
sorsanëk (comitative singular)
sorsëinëk (comitative plural)
sorsatta (abessive singular)
sorsëitta (abessive plural)

Finnish: sorsa

Ingrian: sorsa

→ Votic: sorsõ

Karelian:

North Karelian: šorša

South Karelian: šorža

Livvi: sorzu

Ludian: sorz

Veps: sorz

→ Northern Sami: suorsá

desc

Estonian: soorsk, soorts, soosk, sõrtsas

Finnish: suorsa

Votic: soorsõ

Unknown. Possibly in some fashion related to Proto-Samic *šuoδšō. Since the word does not regularly correspond to the Finnic one, the two may be borrowed from a common substrate source.


kaikki

kaikki (nominative singular)
kaik'ët (nominative plural)
kaik'ën (accusative singular)
kaik'ët (accusative plural)
kaik'ën (genitive singular)
kaikkëdën (genitive plural)
kaikkidën (genitive plural)
kaikkëda (partitive singular)
kaikkida (partitive plural)
kaik'ëssa (inessive singular)
kaik'ëhna (inessive singular)
kaik'issa (inessive plural)
kaik'ihna (inessive plural)
kaik'ësta (elative singular)
kaik'ista (elative plural)
kaikkëhën (illative singular)
kaikkihën (illative plural)
kaik'ëlla (adessive singular)
kaik'illa (adessive plural)
kaik'ëlta (ablative singular)
kaik'ilta (ablative plural)
kaikkëlën (allative singular)
kaikkëlëk (allative singular)
kaikkilën (allative plural)
kaikkilëk (allative plural)
kaikkëna (essive singular)
kaikkina (essive plural)
kaik'ëksi (singular translative)
kaik'iksi (plural translative)
kaik'ën (instructive singular)
kaik'in (instructive plural)
kaikkënëk (comitative singular)
kaikkinëk (comitative plural)
kaik'ëtta (abessive singular)
kaik'itta (abessive plural)

Estonian: kõik

Finnish: kaikki

Ingrian: kaik, ⇒ kaikkinee

Karelian:

North Karelian: kaikki

South Karelian: kaikki

Livvi: kai

Ludian: kai

Veps: kaik

Võro: kyik

Votic: kõig, kõikki

From earlier *kajëkki (compare *aisa, *aika, *aitta), borrowed from Proto-Baltic *kajakei, plural of *kajakas (whence Lithuanian kiek (“how many”) and Latvian cik (“how many”)).


ansa

ansa (nominative singular)
ansat (nominative plural)
ansan (accusative singular)
ansat (accusative plural)
ansan (genitive singular)
ansadën (genitive plural)
ansoidën (genitive plural)
ansada (partitive singular)
ansoida (partitive plural)
ansassa (inessive singular)
ansahna (inessive singular)
ansoissa (inessive plural)
ansoihna (inessive plural)
ansasta (elative singular)
ansoista (elative plural)
ansahën (illative singular)
ansoihën (illative plural)
ansalla (adessive singular)
ansoilla (adessive plural)
ansalta (ablative singular)
ansoilta (ablative plural)
ansalën (allative singular)
ansalëk (allative singular)
ansoilën (allative plural)
ansoilëk (allative plural)
ansana (essive singular)
ansoina (essive plural)
ansaksi (singular translative)
ansoiksi (plural translative)
ansan (instructive singular)
ansoin (instructive plural)
ansanëk (comitative singular)
ansoinëk (comitative plural)
ansatta (abessive singular)
ansoitta (abessive plural)

Estonian: aas

Finnish: ansa

Ingrian: ansa

Karelian:

North Karelian: anša

South Karelian: anža

Livonian: ǭz

Livvi: anzu

Võro: aas

Votic: (Kattila, Mati) aasa

Borrowed from Proto-Baltic *ansā (whence Latvian osa, Lithuanian ąsa and Old Prussian ansis), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂emseh₂ (compare Latin ānsa). Cognate with Proto-Samic *vuossē.


mehiläinen

mehiläinen (nominative singular)
mehiläicet (nominative plural)
mehiläicen (accusative singular)
mehiläicet (accusative plural)
mehiläicen (genitive singular)
mehiläicten (genitive plural)
mehiläiciden (genitive plural)
mehiläictä (partitive singular)
mehiläicidä (partitive plural)
mehiläicessä (inessive singular)
mehiläicehnä (inessive singular)
mehiläicissä (inessive plural)
mehiläicihnä (inessive plural)
mehiläicestä (elative singular)
mehiläicistä (elative plural)
mehiläicehen (illative singular)
mehiläicihen (illative plural)
mehiläicellä (adessive singular)
mehiläicillä (adessive plural)
mehiläiceltä (ablative singular)
mehiläiciltä (ablative plural)
mehiläicelen (allative singular)
mehiläicelek (allative singular)
mehiläicilen (allative plural)
mehiläicilek (allative plural)
mehiläinnä (essive singular)
mehiläicinä (essive plural)
mehiläiceksi (singular translative)
mehiläiciksi (plural translative)
mehiläicen (instructive singular)
mehiläicin (instructive plural)
mehiläinnek (comitative singular)
mehiläicinek (comitative plural)
mehiläicettä (abessive singular)
mehiläicittä (abessive plural)

Finnish: mehiläinen

Ingrian: mehiläin

→ Votic: mehiläin

Karelian:

North Karelian: mehiläini

South Karelian: mehliehäne

Livvi: mehiläine

Võro: mehiläne

From earlier *meši + *-läinen, from Proto-Finno-Ugric *mekše.


rauha

rauha (nominative singular)
rauhat (nominative plural)
rauhan (accusative singular)
rauhat (accusative plural)
rauhan (genitive singular)
rauhadën (genitive plural)
rauhëidën (genitive plural)
rauhada (partitive singular)
rauhëida (partitive plural)
rauhassa (inessive singular)
rauhahna (inessive singular)
rauhëissa (inessive plural)
rauhëihna (inessive plural)
rauhasta (elative singular)
rauhëista (elative plural)
rauhahën (illative singular)
rauhëihën (illative plural)
rauhalla (adessive singular)
rauhëilla (adessive plural)
rauhalta (ablative singular)
rauhëilta (ablative plural)
rauhalën (allative singular)
rauhalëk (allative singular)
rauhëilën (allative plural)
rauhëilëk (allative plural)
rauhana (essive singular)
rauhëina (essive plural)
rauhaksi (singular translative)
rauhëiksi (plural translative)
rauhan (instructive singular)
rauhëin (instructive plural)
rauhanëk (comitative singular)
rauhëinëk (comitative plural)
rauhatta (abessive singular)
rauhëitta (abessive plural)

Estonian: rahu

Finnish: rauha

Kven: rauha

Ingrian: rauha

→ Votic: rauhõ

Karelian:

North Karelian: rauha

South Karelian: rauha

Livvi: rauhu

Võro: rahu, (Seto) rauh

→ Southern Sami: raeffie

→ Ume Sami: [Term?] (raahfee)

→ Pite Sami: ráffe

→ Lule Sami: ráfe

→ Northern Sami: ráfi

→ Skolt Sami: rääuh

Unclear. Similarity to Germanic words has been noted (compare German Ruhe, Swedish ro, Proto-Germanic *rōō, all of the same meaning) and Schalin (2019) proposes borrowing from Northwest Proto-Germanic *rāwō or Proto-Norse [script needed] (*rāwu) (whence Middle Low German rāwe (“peace, tranquility”), Old High German rāwa) with a substitution Germanic *VwV → Finnic *VuhV (with a similar substitution probably also in *lauha).

unk

Unclear


rauha

Estonian: rahu

Finnish: (dialectal) rauha, ⇒ rauhanen

Ingrian: rauha

Karelian:

South Karelian: rauhna

Livonian: ⇒ ro’ugõz

Livvi: rauhnu

Ludian: raunaz

Veps: rauh

Võro: rauh

Votic: ravvu

→ Proto-Samic: *rāvsā (see there for further descendants)

From earlier *rawša, possibly borrowed from Proto-Germanic *hrausā, *hrauzā (whence Old Norse hrœrar). Cognate with Proto-Samic *ruovsē.


vala

vala (nominative singular)
valat (nominative plural)
valan (accusative singular)
valat (accusative plural)
valan (genitive singular)
valadën (genitive plural)
valoidën (genitive plural)
valada (partitive singular)
valoida (partitive plural)
valassa (inessive singular)
valahna (inessive singular)
valoissa (inessive plural)
valoihna (inessive plural)
valasta (elative singular)
valoista (elative plural)
valahën (illative singular)
valoihën (illative plural)
valalla (adessive singular)
valoilla (adessive plural)
valalta (ablative singular)
valoilta (ablative plural)
valalën (allative singular)
valalëk (allative singular)
valoilën (allative plural)
valoilëk (allative plural)
valana (essive singular)
valoina (essive plural)
valaksi (singular translative)
valoiksi (plural translative)
valan (instructive singular)
valoin (instructive plural)
valanëk (comitative singular)
valoinëk (comitative plural)
valatta (abessive singular)
valoitta (abessive plural)

Finnish: vala

Karelian:

North Karelian: vala

South Karelian: vala

Livvi: vala

From Proto-Uralic *wala. Cognates include Proto-Samic *vuolē (“song”) and Proto-Mordvinic *valə (“word”).


mäki

mäki (nominative singular)
mäget (nominative plural)
mägen (accusative singular)
mäget (accusative plural)
mägen (genitive singular)
mäkeden (genitive plural)
mäkiden (genitive plural)
mäkedä (partitive singular)
mäkidä (partitive plural)
mägessä (inessive singular)
mägehnä (inessive singular)
mägissä (inessive plural)
mägihnä (inessive plural)
mägestä (elative singular)
mägistä (elative plural)
mäkehen (illative singular)
mäkihen (illative plural)
mägellä (adessive singular)
mägillä (adessive plural)
mägeltä (ablative singular)
mägiltä (ablative plural)
mäkelen (allative singular)
mäkelek (allative singular)
mäkilen (allative plural)
mäkilek (allative plural)
mäkenä (essive singular)
mäkinä (essive plural)
mägeksi (singular translative)
mägiksi (plural translative)
mägen (instructive singular)
mägin (instructive plural)
mäkenek (comitative singular)
mäkinek (comitative plural)
mägettä (abessive singular)
mägittä (abessive plural)

Estonian: mägi

Finnish: mäki

Ingrian: mäki

Karelian: mäki, mägi

Livonian: mä'g

Ludian: mägi

Veps: mägi

Võro: mägi

Votic: mätši


arpa

arpa (nominative singular)
arbat (nominative plural)
arban (accusative singular)
arbat (accusative plural)
arban (genitive singular)
arpadën (genitive plural)
arpoidën (genitive plural)
arpada (partitive singular)
arpoida (partitive plural)
arbassa (inessive singular)
arbahna (inessive singular)
arboissa (inessive plural)
arboihna (inessive plural)
arbasta (elative singular)
arboista (elative plural)
arpahën (illative singular)
arpoihën (illative plural)
arballa (adessive singular)
arboilla (adessive plural)
arbalta (ablative singular)
arboilta (ablative plural)
arpalën (allative singular)
arpalëk (allative singular)
arpoilën (allative plural)
arpoilëk (allative plural)
arpana (essive singular)
arpoina (essive plural)
arbaksi (singular translative)
arboiksi (plural translative)
arban (instructive singular)
arboin (instructive plural)
arpanëk (comitative singular)
arpoinëk (comitative plural)
arbatta (abessive singular)
arboitta (abessive plural)

Estonian: arp

Finnish: arpa

Ingrian: arpa

Karelian:

North Karelian: arpa

South Karelian: arba

Livonian: arb

Veps: arb

Võro: arb

Votic: arpõ

Borrowed from Proto-Germanic *arbaz (whence Old Norse arfr, Swedish arv). The original sense in Proto-Finnic may have been "(one's) part, share". Alternatively, the meaning adjoins the concept in the Germanic inheritance system in which property was allotted by drawing lots, cf. Swedish arv in this sense.
Cognate with Proto-Samic *vuorpē.


juuri

juuri (nominative singular)
juurët (nominative plural)
juurën (accusative singular)
juurët (accusative plural)
juurën (genitive singular)
juurdën (genitive plural)
juuridën (genitive plural)
juurta (partitive singular)
juurida (partitive plural)
juurëssa (inessive singular)
juurëhna (inessive singular)
juurissa (inessive plural)
juurihna (inessive plural)
juurësta (elative singular)
juurista (elative plural)
juurëhën (illative singular)
juurihën (illative plural)
juurëlla (adessive singular)
juurilla (adessive plural)
juurëlta (ablative singular)
juurilta (ablative plural)
juurëlën (allative singular)
juurëlëk (allative singular)
juurilën (allative plural)
juurilëk (allative plural)
juurna (essive singular)
juurina (essive plural)
juurëksi (singular translative)
juuriksi (plural translative)
juurën (instructive singular)
juurin (instructive plural)
juurnëk (comitative singular)
juurinëk (comitative plural)
juurëtta (abessive singular)
juuritta (abessive plural)

Estonian: juur

Finnish: juuri

Ingrian: juuri

Karelian:

North Karelian: juuri

South Karelian: juuri

Livonian: jūŗ

Livvi: juuri

Ludian: d'uur'

Veps: jur'

Võro: juur'

Votic: juuri

→ Russian: юрик (jurik)


muna

muna (nominative singular)
munat (nominative plural)
munan (accusative singular)
munat (accusative plural)
munan (genitive singular)
munadën (genitive plural)
munëidën (genitive plural)
munada (partitive singular)
munëida (partitive plural)
munassa (inessive singular)
munahna (inessive singular)
munëissa (inessive plural)
munëihna (inessive plural)
munasta (elative singular)
munëista (elative plural)
munahën (illative singular)
munëihën (illative plural)
munalla (adessive singular)
munëilla (adessive plural)
munalta (ablative singular)
munëilta (ablative plural)
munalën (allative singular)
munalëk (allative singular)
munëilën (allative plural)
munëilëk (allative plural)
munana (essive singular)
munëina (essive plural)
munaksi (singular translative)
munëiksi (plural translative)
munan (instructive singular)
munëin (instructive plural)
munanëk (comitative singular)
munëinëk (comitative plural)
munatta (abessive singular)
munëitta (abessive plural)

Estonian: muna

Finnish: muna

Ingrian: muna

Karelian: muna

desc

Livonian: (Courland) munā, (Salaca) muna

Livvi: muna

Ludian: muna

Veps: muna

Võro: muna

Votic: muna


sota

sota (nominative singular)
sodat (nominative plural)
sodan (accusative singular)
sodat (accusative plural)
sodan (genitive singular)
sotadën (genitive plural)
sotëidën (genitive plural)
sotada (partitive singular)
sotëida (partitive plural)
sodassa (inessive singular)
sodahna (inessive singular)
sodëissa (inessive plural)
sodëihna (inessive plural)
sodasta (elative singular)
sodëista (elative plural)
sotahën (illative singular)
sotëihën (illative plural)
sodalla (adessive singular)
sodëilla (adessive plural)
sodalta (ablative singular)
sodëilta (ablative plural)
sotalën (allative singular)
sotalëk (allative singular)
sotëilën (allative plural)
sotëilëk (allative plural)
sotana (essive singular)
sotëina (essive plural)
sodaksi (singular translative)
sodëiksi (plural translative)
sodan (instructive singular)
sodëin (instructive plural)
sotanëk (comitative singular)
sotëinëk (comitative plural)
sodatta (abessive singular)
sodëitta (abessive plural)

Estonian: sõda

Finnish: sota

→ Northern Sami: soahti

→ Inari Sami: suáti

Ingrian: sota

Karelian:

North Karelian: šota

South Karelian: soda

Livonian: suodā

Võro: sõda

Votic: sõta

→ Old Norse: sóta (“struggle”)


rutto

rutto (nominative singular)
rut'ot (nominative plural)
rut'on (accusative singular)
rut'ot (accusative plural)
rut'on (genitive singular)
ruttodën (genitive plural)
ruttoidën (genitive plural)
ruttoda (partitive singular)
ruttoida (partitive plural)
rut'ossa (inessive singular)
rut'ohna (inessive singular)
rut'oissa (inessive plural)
rut'oihna (inessive plural)
rut'osta (elative singular)
rut'oista (elative plural)
ruttohën (illative singular)
ruttoihën (illative plural)
rut'olla (adessive singular)
rut'oilla (adessive plural)
rut'olta (ablative singular)
rut'oilta (ablative plural)
ruttolën (allative singular)
ruttolëk (allative singular)
ruttoilën (allative plural)
ruttoilëk (allative plural)
ruttona (essive singular)
ruttoina (essive plural)
rut'oksi (singular translative)
rut'oiksi (plural translative)
rut'on (instructive singular)
rut'oin (instructive plural)
ruttonëk (comitative singular)
ruttoinëk (comitative plural)
rut'otta (abessive singular)
rut'oitta (abessive plural)

Estonian: rutt

Finnish: rutto ("plague")

→ Inari Sami: rotto ("plague")

→ Northern Sami: rohttu ("plague")

⇒ Ingrian: ruttoo

Karelian: rutto

Livvi: rutto

Võro: rutt

Votic: rutto