knawī

knawī (nominative singular)
knawī (dual nominative)
knawiyās (nominative plural)
knawī (singular vocative)
knawī (dual vocative)
knawiyās (plural vocative)
knawīm (accusative singular)
knawī (accusative dual)
knawīns (accusative plural)
knawyās (genitive singular)
knawyous (dual genitive)
knawyom (genitive plural)
knawyai (dative singular)
knawyābom (dative dual)
knawyābos (dative plural)
knawyābim (dual instrumental)
knawyābis (instrumental plural)

Brythonic:

Middle Breton: kneau, cnev

Breton: krew

Cornish: knew

Middle Welsh: cnaif

Middle Welsh: cnu, cnuf (<*knowos)

Goidelic:

Old Irish: cnaí

Possibly connected to *knāyeti (“to bite, chew”), but Zair finds this connection difficult unless *knawī was formed before the root adopted its "bite" meaning.


knāyeti

knāyū (active first-person present singular)
knāyemam (active first-person imperfect singular)
knāyesi (active present second-person singular)
knāyetās (active imperfect second-person singular)
knāyeti (active present singular third-person)
knāyeto (active imperfect singular third-person)
knāyomosi (active first-person plural present)
knāyemo (active first-person imperfect plural)
knāyetesi (active plural present second-person)
knāyestē (active imperfect plural second-person)
knāyonti (active plural present third-person)
knāyento (active imperfect plural third-person)
knāsū (active first-person present singular subjunctive)
knāsesi (active present second-person singular subjunctive)
knāye (active imperative second-person singular)
knāseti (active present singular subjunctive third-person)
knāyetou (active imperative singular third-person)
knāsomosi (active first-person plural present subjunctive)
knāyomos (active first-person imperative plural)
knāsetesi (active plural present second-person subjunctive)
knāyete (active imperative plural second-person)
knāsonti (active plural present subjunctive third-person)
knāyontou (active imperative plural third-person)
knāyūr (first-person passive present singular)
knāyetar (passive present second-person singular)
knāyetor (passive present singular third-person)
knāyommor (first-person passive plural present)
knāyedwe (passive plural present second-person)
knāyontor (passive plural present third-person)
knāsūr (first-person passive present singular subjunctive)
knāsetar (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
knāsetor (passive present singular subjunctive third-person)
knāsommor (first-person passive plural present subjunctive)
knāsedwe (passive plural present second-person subjunctive)
knāsontor (passive plural present subjunctive third-person)
knāyonts (nominative singular)
knāyonte (dual nominative)
knāyontes (nominative plural)
knāyonts (singular vocative)
knāyonte (dual vocative)
knāyontes (plural vocative)
knāyontam (accusative singular)
knāyonte (accusative dual)
knāyontans (accusative plural)
knāyantos (genitive singular)
knāyantom (genitive plural)
knāyantei (dative singular)
knāyantbom (dative dual)
knāyantbos (dative plural)
knāyantī? (instrumental singular)
knāyantbim (dual instrumental)
knāyantbis (instrumental plural)
knāyantī (nominative singular)
knāyantī (dual nominative)
knāyantiyās (nominative plural)
knāyantī (singular vocative)
knāyantī (dual vocative)
knāyantiyās (plural vocative)
knāyantīm (accusative singular)
knāyantī (accusative dual)
knāyantiyans (accusative plural)
knāyantyās (genitive singular)
knāyantyom (genitive plural)
knāyantyāi (dative singular)
knāyantyābom (dative dual)
knāyantyābos (dative plural)
knāyantyābim (dual instrumental)
knāyantyābis (instrumental plural)
knāyont (nominative singular)
knāyonta (nominative plural)
knāyont (singular vocative)
knāyonta (plural vocative)
knāyont (accusative singular)
knāyonta (accusative plural)

Brythonic:

Middle Welsh: cnoi, cny (Present, 3rd singular)

Welsh: cnoi

Goidelic:

Middle Irish: cnaid

⇒ Old Irish: imm·cná

desctree

⇒ Old Irish: con·cná
Middle Irish: con·cnaí, cocnaid
Irish: cogain
Scottish Gaelic: cagainn
Manx: caigney (verbal noun)

From Proto-Indo-European *kneh₂- (“to bite, to gnaw”).


knukkos

knukkos (nominative singular)
knukkou (dual nominative)
knukkoi (nominative plural)
knukke (singular vocative)
knukkou (dual vocative)
knukkoi (plural vocative)
knukkom (accusative singular)
knukkou (accusative dual)
knukkons (accusative plural)
knukkī (genitive singular)
knukkous (dual genitive)
knukkom (genitive plural)
knukkūi (dative singular)
knukkobom (dative dual)
knukkobos (dative plural)
knukkei (locative singular)
knukkū (instrumental singular)
knukkobim (dual instrumental)
knukkūis (instrumental plural)
*knekkos (alternative)

Proto-Brythonic: *knox

Old Breton: cnoch

Middle Breton: knech

Breton: krec'h

Middle Welsh: cnwch

Welsh: cnwch, clwch

Goidelic:

desctree

Old Irish: cnocc
Irish: cnoc
Manx: cronk
⇒ Middle Irish: cnocán
Scottish Gaelic: cnoc
→ Welsh: cnwc

Apparently cognate with Proto-Germanic *hnakkô (“the back of the neck; nape”), of uncertain further origin, but both are traditionally derived from Proto-Indo-European *kneg- or *knek-. It is sometimes suggested that the Germanic cognate is borrowed from Celtic (cf. especially German Hunke (“hillock”)). Alternatively, Kroonen argues for an inherited basis of the geminate cluster in the Germanic term, and that consequently the Celtic is more likely borrowed from Germanic. Compare Tocharian A kñuk (“neck”).


koldom

koldom (nominative singular)
koldou (dual nominative)
koldā (nominative plural)
koldom (singular vocative)
koldou (dual vocative)
koldā (plural vocative)
koldom (accusative singular)
koldou (accusative dual)
koldā (accusative plural)
koldī (genitive singular)
koldous (dual genitive)
koldom (genitive plural)
koldūi (dative singular)
koldobom (dative dual)
koldobos (dative plural)
koldei (locative singular)
koldū (instrumental singular)
koldobim (dual instrumental)
koldūis (instrumental plural)

Proto-Brythonic: *koll

Middle Breton: coll (“loss”)

Breton: koll (“loss”)

Old Cornish: colled (“loss”)

desc

Middle Welsh: coll m (“loss”), coll (“lost”, adjective)

Goidelic:

desctree

Old Irish: coll n (“destruction”)
Middle Irish: coll, call m, coill, caill f
Scottish Gaelic: coll m (“destruction”)
Irish: caill f (“loss”)
Manx: coayl m (“loss”)

From *kelh₂- (“to break”) + *-som, *-nom, or *-dom. Maybe cognate with Proto-Germanic *haltaz (“limping”).

suf

Old Irish: coillidIrish: caillManx: caillScottish Gaelic: caill


bistis

bistis (nominative singular)
bistī (dual nominative)
bistīs (nominative plural)
bisti (singular vocative)
bistī (dual vocative)
bistīs (plural vocative)
bistim (accusative singular)
bistī (accusative dual)
bistins (accusative plural)
bisteis (genitive singular)
bistyow (dual genitive)
bistyom (genitive plural)
bistei (dative singular)
bistibom (dative dual)
bistibos (dative plural)
bistei (locative singular)
bistī (instrumental singular)
bistibim (dual instrumental)
bistibis (instrumental plural)

Proto-Brythonic: *bɨs

Breton: biz, bis

⇒ Breton: bizou (“ring”)

→ French: bijou (see there for further descendants)

Old Cornish: bis, bes

Cornish: bys

Middle Welsh: bys

Welsh: bys

desc

Middle Irish: bissib (“icicle”, dative plural)

From Proto-Indo-European *gʷist- (“twig, finger”). Cognate with Old Norse kvistr (“branch”) and perhaps Albanian gisht (“finger”).


blāwos

blāwos (nominative singular)
blāwou (dual nominative)
blāwoi (nominative plural)
blāwe (singular vocative)
blāwou (dual vocative)
blāwoi (plural vocative)
blāwom (accusative singular)
blāwou (accusative dual)
blāwons (accusative plural)
blāwī (genitive singular)
blāwous (dual genitive)
blāwom (genitive plural)
blāwūi (dative singular)
blāwobom (dative dual)
blāwobos (dative plural)
blāwū (instrumental singular)
blāwobim (dual instrumental)
blāwobis (instrumental plural)
blāwā (nominative singular)
blāwai (dual nominative)
blāwās (nominative plural)
blāwā (singular vocative)
blāwai (dual vocative)
blāwās (plural vocative)
blāwam (accusative singular)
blāwai (accusative dual)
blāwans (accusative plural)
blāwās (genitive singular)
blāwai (dative singular)
blāwābom (dative dual)
blāwābos (dative plural)
blāwābim (dual instrumental)
blāwābis (instrumental plural)
blāwom (nominative singular)
blāwā (nominative plural)
blāwom (singular vocative)
blāwā (plural vocative)
blāwā (accusative plural)

Goidelic:

Old Irish: blá

From Proto-Indo-European *bʰleh₂- (“yellow”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰel-. Cognate with Latin flavus.


brassos

brassos (nominative singular)
brassou (dual nominative)
brassoi (nominative plural)
brasse (singular vocative)
brassou (dual vocative)
brassoi (plural vocative)
brassom (accusative singular)
brassou (accusative dual)
brassons (accusative plural)
brassī (genitive singular)
brassous (dual genitive)
brassom (genitive plural)
brassūi (dative singular)
brassobom (dative dual)
brassobos (dative plural)
brassū (instrumental singular)
brassobim (dual instrumental)
brassobis (instrumental plural)
brassā (nominative singular)
brassai (dual nominative)
brassās (nominative plural)
brassā (singular vocative)
brassai (dual vocative)
brassās (plural vocative)
brassam (accusative singular)
brassai (accusative dual)
brassans (accusative plural)
brassās (genitive singular)
brassai (dative singular)
brassābom (dative dual)
brassābos (dative plural)
brassābim (dual instrumental)
brassābis (instrumental plural)
brassom (nominative singular)
brassā (nominative plural)
brassom (singular vocative)
brassā (plural vocative)
brassā (accusative plural)

Brythonic:

Cornish: bras, brâs, broas

Middle Welsh: bras

Welsh: bras

Middle Breton: braz, bras

Goidelic:

Old Irish: bras

From Proto-Indo-European *gʷrod-to-, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷred-. Cognate with Latin grossus (“fat”).


brātus

brātus (nominative singular)
brātū (dual nominative)
brātowes (nominative plural)
brātu (singular vocative)
brātū (dual vocative)
brātūs (plural vocative)
brātum (accusative singular)
brātū (accusative dual)
brātuns (accusative plural)
brātous (genitive singular)
brātous (dual genitive)
brātowom (genitive plural)
brātou (dative singular)
brātubom (dative dual)
brātubos (dative plural)
brātū (instrumental singular)
brātubim (dual instrumental)
brātubis (instrumental plural)

Proto-Brythonic:

Middle Breton: breut

Breton: breud

Cornish: breus

Old Welsh: braut

Welsh: brawd

desctree

Old Irish: bráth
Middle Irish: bráth
Scottish Gaelic: bràth

Gaulish: bratou (dative)

From Proto-Indo-European *gʷr̥Htus, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷerH- (“to express approval; praise”). Cognate with Latin gratus.


brāwū

brāwū (nominative singular)
brāwone? (dual nominative)
brāwones (nominative plural)
brāwū (singular vocative)
brāwone? (dual vocative)
brāwones (plural vocative)
brāwonam (accusative singular)
brāwone? (accusative dual)
brāwonans (accusative plural)
brāwonos (genitive singular)
brāwonows? (dual genitive)
brāwonom (genitive plural)
brāwonei (dative singular)
brāwombom (dative dual)
brāwombos (dative plural)
brāwon (locative singular)
brāwoni (locative singular)
brāwonei (instrumental singular)
brāwombim (dual instrumental)
brāwombis (instrumental plural)

Proto-Brythonic: *brọw sg, *brọwan pl

Middle Breton: brou, breau, breo

Breton: brev

Old Cornish: brou

Cornish: brou

Middle Welsh: breuan, brewan

Welsh: breuan

→ Latin: Brovonacis, Braboniaco

desctree

Old Irish: brao, bráu, broo
Middle Irish: bró
Irish: bró
Scottish Gaelic: brà

Gaulish: *brawon

→ Ancient Greek: Βραῦον (Braûon)

From Proto-Indo-European *gʷréh₂wō (“quern, millstone”), from *gʷréh₂us (“heavy”).


elanī

elanī (nominative singular)
elanī (dual nominative)
elaniyās (nominative plural)
elanī (singular vocative)
elanī (dual vocative)
elaniyās (plural vocative)
elanīm (accusative singular)
elanī (accusative dual)
elanīns (accusative plural)
elanyās (genitive singular)
elanyous (dual genitive)
elanyom (genitive plural)
elanyai (dative singular)
elanyābom (dative dual)
elanyābos (dative plural)
elanyābim (dual instrumental)
elanyābis (instrumental plural)

Middle Welsh: elein, elain

Welsh: elain


elantī

elantī (nominative singular)
elantī (dual nominative)
elantiyās (nominative plural)
elantī (singular vocative)
elantī (dual vocative)
elantiyās (plural vocative)
elantīm (accusative singular)
elantī (accusative dual)
elantīns (accusative plural)
elantyās (genitive singular)
elantyous (dual genitive)
elantyom (genitive plural)
elantyai (dative singular)
elantyābom (dative dual)
elantyābos (dative plural)
elantyābim (dual instrumental)
elantyābis (instrumental plural)

Gaulish: Elantia

Old Irish: elit, ailit

Middle Irish: ailit

Scottish Gaelic: eilid

Irish: eilit


mlātos

mlātos (nominative singular)
mlātou (dual nominative)
mlātoi (nominative plural)
mlāte (singular vocative)
mlātou (dual vocative)
mlātoi (plural vocative)
mlātom (accusative singular)
mlātou (accusative dual)
mlātons (accusative plural)
mlātī (genitive singular)
mlātous (dual genitive)
mlātom (genitive plural)
mlātūi (dative singular)
mlātobom (dative dual)
mlātobos (dative plural)
mlātei (locative singular)
mlātū (instrumental singular)
mlātobim (dual instrumental)
mlātūis (instrumental plural)

Proto-Brythonic: *blọd

Old Breton: blot

Breton: bleud

Old Cornish: blot

Old Welsh: blawd

Welsh: blawd

desctree

conflated with <i class="Latn mention" lang="cel-pro">*blātus</i> (“flower”)

Gaulish: *blatos (conflated with *blātus (“flower”))

From Proto-Indo-European *ml̥h₂-tó-s, from *melh₂- (“to crush, grind”) + *-tós.


mlātis

mlātis (nominative singular)
mlātī (dual nominative)
mlātīs (nominative plural)
mlāti (singular vocative)
mlātī (dual vocative)
mlātīs (plural vocative)
mlātim (accusative singular)
mlātī (accusative dual)
mlātins (accusative plural)
mlāteis (genitive singular)
mlātyou (dual genitive)
mlātyom (genitive plural)
mlātei (dative singular)
mlātibom (dative dual)
mlātibos (dative plural)
mlātī (instrumental singular)
mlātibim (dual instrumental)
mlātibis (instrumental plural)
mlāti (nominative singular)
mlātyā (nominative plural)
mlātyā (plural vocative)
mlāti (accusative singular)
mlātyā (accusative plural)
mlātois (genitive singular)
mlātois (dual genitive)
mlātē (dative singular)

Proto-Brythonic:

Old Breton: blot

Breton: bleud

Old Cornish: blot

Old Welsh: blawd

Old Irish: mláith, bláith

Irish: bláith

Scottish Gaelic: blàth

Manx: blah

Gaulish: *blatis

From Proto-Indo-European *ml̥h₂-ti-s ~ *ml̥h₁-téy-s, from *melh₂- (“to crush, grind”) + *-tis.


wāstos

wāstos (nominative singular)
wāstou (dual nominative)
wāstoi (nominative plural)
wāste (singular vocative)
wāstou (dual vocative)
wāstoi (plural vocative)
wāstom (accusative singular)
wāstou (accusative dual)
wāstons (accusative plural)
wāstī (genitive singular)
wāstous (dual genitive)
wāstom (genitive plural)
wāstūi (dative singular)
wāstobom (dative dual)
wāstobos (dative plural)
wāstū (instrumental singular)
wāstobim (dual instrumental)
wāstobis (instrumental plural)
wāstā (nominative singular)
wāstai (dual nominative)
wāstās (nominative plural)
wāstā (singular vocative)
wāstai (dual vocative)
wāstās (plural vocative)
wāstam (accusative singular)
wāstai (accusative dual)
wāstans (accusative plural)
wāstās (genitive singular)
wāstai (dative singular)
wāstābom (dative dual)
wāstābos (dative plural)
wāstābim (dual instrumental)
wāstābis (instrumental plural)
wāstom (nominative singular)
wāstā (nominative plural)
wāstom (singular vocative)
wāstā (plural vocative)
wāstā (accusative plural)

Goidelic:

Old Irish: fás, fásach

Irish: fás, fásach, fásaigh

Scottish Gaelic: fàs, fàsach, fàsaich

Manx: faase

From Proto-Indo-European *h₁weh₂- (“to leave, abandon, give out”).


wātus

wātus (nominative singular)
wātū (dual nominative)
wātowes (nominative plural)
wātu (singular vocative)
wātū (dual vocative)
wātūs (plural vocative)
wātum (accusative singular)
wātū (accusative dual)
wātuns (accusative plural)
wātous (genitive singular)
wātous (dual genitive)
wātowom (genitive plural)
wātou (dative singular)
wātubom (dative dual)
wātubos (dative plural)
wātū (instrumental singular)
wātubim (dual instrumental)
wātubis (instrumental plural)

Brythonic:

Middle Welsh: gwawd

Welsh: gwawd

Goidelic:

desctree

Old Irish: fáth
Irish: fáth
Manx: fa
Scottish Gaelic: fàth

From Proto-Indo-European *weh₂t- (“excited, inspired”).


wātis

wātis (nominative singular)
wātī (dual nominative)
wātīs (nominative plural)
wāti (singular vocative)
wātī (dual vocative)
wātīs (plural vocative)
wātim (accusative singular)
wātī (accusative dual)
wātins (accusative plural)
wāteis (genitive singular)
wātyow (dual genitive)
wātyom (genitive plural)
wātei (dative singular)
wātibom (dative dual)
wātibos (dative plural)
wātei (locative singular)
wātī (instrumental singular)
wātibim (dual instrumental)
wātibis (instrumental plural)

Proto-Brythonic: *gwọd

Middle Welsh: gwawt

Welsh: gwawd

Gaulish: uatis (attested as οὐάτεις by Strabo)

Goidelic:

Old Irish: fáith, fáid
Irish: fáidh

From Proto-Indo-European *weh₂t- (“excited, inspired”). Cognate with Latin vātēs.


waidā

waidā (nominative singular)
waidai (dual nominative)
waidās (nominative plural)
waidā (singular vocative)
waidai (dual vocative)
waidās (plural vocative)
waidam (accusative singular)
waidai (accusative dual)
waidāns (accusative plural)
waidās (genitive singular)
waidous (dual genitive)
waidom (genitive plural)
waidāi (dative singular)
waidābom (dative dual)
waidābos (dative plural)
waidai (locative singular)
waidābim (dual instrumental)
waidābis (instrumental plural)

Proto-Brythonic: *gwoɨð

Middle Welsh: gwaed

Welsh: gwaedd

Old Irish: fáed, faíd

Middle Irish: faíd, foíd

Irish: faí

Possibly from Proto-Indo-European *wai (“woe!”).


wailos

wailos (nominative singular)
wailou (dual nominative)
wailoi (nominative plural)
waile (singular vocative)
wailou (dual vocative)
wailoi (plural vocative)
wailom (accusative singular)
wailou (accusative dual)
wailons (accusative plural)
wailī (genitive singular)
wailous (dual genitive)
wailom (genitive plural)
wailūi (dative singular)
wailobom (dative dual)
wailobos (dative plural)
wailū (instrumental singular)
wailobim (dual instrumental)
wailobis (instrumental plural)
wailā (nominative singular)
wailai (dual nominative)
wailās (nominative plural)
wailā (singular vocative)
wailai (dual vocative)
wailās (plural vocative)
wailam (accusative singular)
wailai (accusative dual)
wailans (accusative plural)
wailās (genitive singular)
wailai (dative singular)
wailābom (dative dual)
wailābos (dative plural)
wailābim (dual instrumental)
wailābis (instrumental plural)
wailom (nominative singular)
wailā (nominative plural)
wailom (singular vocative)
wailā (plural vocative)
wailā (accusative plural)

Proto-Brythonic:

Breton: gail

Middle Welsh: gwael

Welsh: gwael

>? Gaulish: Vailo

PIE word
 *wáy
Possibly from Proto-Indo-European *wai (“woe!”) + *-los. Alternatively from Proto-Indo-European *upo-ped-lo-s, from *ped- (“to walk; to fall”).


wailos

wailos (nominative singular)
wailou (dual nominative)
wailoi (nominative plural)
waile (singular vocative)
wailou (dual vocative)
wailoi (plural vocative)
wailom (accusative singular)
wailou (accusative dual)
wailons (accusative plural)
wailī (genitive singular)
wailous (dual genitive)
wailom (genitive plural)
wailūi (dative singular)
wailobom (dative dual)
wailobos (dative plural)
wailei (locative singular)
wailū (instrumental singular)
wailobim (dual instrumental)
wailūis (instrumental plural)

desctree

Middle Irish: fáel
Irish: faol
Scottish Gaelic: faol

PIE word
 *wáy
From Proto-Indo-European *waylos (“wolf”). Ultimately from the same combination of root and suffix as the above etymology, though more archaic.


weidos

wēdos (nominative singular)
wēdou (dual nominative)
wēdoi (nominative plural)
wēde (singular vocative)
wēdou (dual vocative)
wēdoi (plural vocative)
wēdom (accusative singular)
wēdou (accusative dual)
wēdons (accusative plural)
wēdī (genitive singular)
wēdous (dual genitive)
wēdom (genitive plural)
wēdūi (dative singular)
wēdobom (dative dual)
wēdobos (dative plural)
wēdei (locative singular)
wēdū (instrumental singular)
wēdobim (dual instrumental)
wēdūis (instrumental plural)

Proto-Brythonic: *gwuɨð
Old Breton: gued
Middle Breton: goez
Breton: gouez
Middle Welsh: gwydd
Welsh: gŵydd

Goidelic:

Old Irish: fíad
Irish: fia
Manx: feeaih
Scottish Gaelic: fiadh

From Proto-Indo-European *weyd- (“to see”).


wegnyā

wegnyā (nominative singular)
wegnyai (dual nominative)
wegnyās (nominative plural)
wegnyā (singular vocative)
wegnyai (dual vocative)
wegnyās (plural vocative)
wegnyam (accusative singular)
wegnyai (accusative dual)
wegnyāns (accusative plural)
wegnyās (genitive singular)
wegnyous (dual genitive)
wegnyom (genitive plural)
wegnyāi (dative singular)
wegnyābom (dative dual)
wegnyābos (dative plural)
wegnyai (locative singular)
wegnyābim (dual instrumental)
wegnyābis (instrumental plural)

Old Irish: fénae


wegyeti

wegyū (active first-person present singular)
wegyemam (active first-person imperfect singular)
wiuxsū (active first-person future singular)
wāga (active first-person preterite singular)
wegyesi (active present second-person singular)
wegyetās (active imperfect second-person singular)
wiuxsesi (active future second-person singular)
wāgas? (active preterite second-person singular)
wegyeti (active present singular third-person)
wegyeto (active imperfect singular third-person)
wiuxseti (active future singular third-person)
wāge (active preterite singular third-person)
wegyomosi (active first-person plural present)
wegyemo (active first-person imperfect plural)
wiuxsomosi (active first-person future plural)
wāgmo (active first-person plural preterite)
wegyetesi (active plural present second-person)
wegyestē (active imperfect plural second-person)
wiuxsetesi (active future plural second-person)
wāxte (active plural preterite second-person)
wegyonti (active plural present third-person)
wegyento (active imperfect plural third-person)
wiuxsonti (active future plural third-person)
wāgars (active plural preterite third-person)
wexsū (active first-person present singular subjunctive)
wexsesi (active present second-person singular subjunctive)
wegye (active imperative second-person singular)
wexseti (active present singular subjunctive third-person)
wegyetou (active imperative singular third-person)
wexsomosi (active first-person plural present subjunctive)
wegyomos (active first-person imperative plural)
wexsetesi (active plural present second-person subjunctive)
wegyete (active imperative plural second-person)
wexsonti (active plural present subjunctive third-person)
wegyontou (active imperative plural third-person)
wegyūr (first-person passive present singular)
wiuxsūr (first-person future passive singular)
wāgra (first-person passive preterite singular)
wegyetar (passive present second-person singular)
wiuxsetar (future passive second-person singular)
wāgras? (passive preterite second-person singular)
wegyetor (passive present singular third-person)
wiuxsetor (future passive singular third-person)
wāgre (passive preterite singular third-person)
wegyommor (first-person passive plural present)
wiuxsommor (first-person future passive plural)
wegyedwe (passive plural present second-person)
wiuxsedwe (future passive plural second-person)
wegyontor (passive plural present third-person)
wiuxsontor (future passive plural third-person)
wexsūr (first-person passive present singular subjunctive)
wexsetar (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
wexsetor (passive present singular subjunctive third-person)
wexsommor (first-person passive plural present subjunctive)
wexsedwe (passive plural present second-person subjunctive)
wexsontor (passive plural present subjunctive third-person)
wegyonts (nominative singular)
wegyonte (dual nominative)
wegyontes (nominative plural)
wegyonts (singular vocative)
wegyonte (dual vocative)
wegyontes (plural vocative)
wegyontam (accusative singular)
wegyonte (accusative dual)
wegyontans (accusative plural)
wegyantos (genitive singular)
wegyantom (genitive plural)
wegyantei (dative singular)
wegyantbom (dative dual)
wegyantbos (dative plural)
wegyantī? (instrumental singular)
wegyantbim (dual instrumental)
wegyantbis (instrumental plural)
wegyantī (nominative singular)
wegyantī (dual nominative)
wegyantiyās (nominative plural)
wegyantī (singular vocative)
wegyantī (dual vocative)
wegyantiyās (plural vocative)
wegyantīm (accusative singular)
wegyantī (accusative dual)
wegyantiyans (accusative plural)
wegyantyās (genitive singular)
wegyantyom (genitive plural)
wegyantyāi (dative singular)
wegyantyābom (dative dual)
wegyantyābos (dative plural)
wegyantyābim (dual instrumental)
wegyantyābis (instrumental plural)
wegyont (nominative singular)
wegyonta (nominative plural)
wegyont (singular vocative)
wegyonta (plural vocative)
wegyont (accusative singular)
wegyonta (accusative plural)
wextos (nominative singular)
wextou (dual nominative)
wextoi (nominative plural)
wexte (singular vocative)
wextou (dual vocative)
wextoi (plural vocative)
wextom (accusative singular)
wextou (accusative dual)
wextons (accusative plural)
wextī (genitive singular)
wextous (dual genitive)
wextom (genitive plural)
wextūi (dative singular)
wextobom (dative dual)
wextobos (dative plural)
wextū (instrumental singular)
wextobim (dual instrumental)
wextobis (instrumental plural)
wextā (nominative singular)
wextai (dual nominative)
wextās (nominative plural)
wextā (singular vocative)
wextai (dual vocative)
wextās (plural vocative)
wextam (accusative singular)
wextai (accusative dual)
wextans (accusative plural)
wextās (genitive singular)
wextai (dative singular)
wextābom (dative dual)
wextābos (dative plural)
wextābim (dual instrumental)
wextābis (instrumental plural)
wextom (nominative singular)
wextā (nominative plural)
wextom (singular vocative)
wextā (plural vocative)
wextā (accusative plural)

Brythonic:

Middle Breton: gweaff

Breton: gweañ

Cornish: gwia

Middle Welsh: gwëu

Welsh: gweu

Goidelic:

Old Irish: figid

Irish: figh

Manx: fee

Scottish Gaelic: figh

From Proto-Indo-European *wég-ye-ti (“to spin, weave”). Cognate with Sanskrit वागरा (vāgarā, “snare”), Latin vēlum (“cloth, sail”), English wick.

der

Brill Publishers
Helmut Rix
Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben

goreu

?Proto-Brythonic: *gwor-wāɣe (“did”, 3sg. preterite of *gwrėɣɨd); Middle Welsh


wegyā

wegyā (nominative singular)
wegyai (dual nominative)
wegyās (nominative plural)
wegyā (singular vocative)
wegyai (dual vocative)
wegyās (plural vocative)
wegyam (accusative singular)
wegyai (accusative dual)
wegyāns (accusative plural)
wegyās (genitive singular)
wegyous (dual genitive)
wegyom (genitive plural)
wegyāi (dative singular)
wegyābom (dative dual)
wegyābos (dative plural)
wegyai (locative singular)
wegyābim (dual instrumental)
wegyābis (instrumental plural)

Proto-Brythonic: *gweɣ

Middle Breton: gueg

Breton: gwiad

Cornish: gwi, gwias

Middle Welsh: gwe

Welsh: gwe

Old Irish: fige

From *weg- (“to weave”). + *-yā (verbal noun suffix).


wekʷos

wekʷos (nominative singular)
wekʷou (dual nominative)
wekʷoi (nominative plural)
wekʷe (singular vocative)
wekʷou (dual vocative)
wekoi (plural vocative)
wekʷom (accusative singular)
wekʷou (accusative dual)
wekons (accusative plural)
wekʷī (genitive singular)
wekʷous (dual genitive)
wekʷom (genitive plural)
wekūi (dative singular)
wekʷobom (dative dual)
wekʷobos (dative plural)
wekʷei (locative singular)
wekū (instrumental singular)
wekʷobim (dual instrumental)
wekʷūis (instrumental plural)

Proto-Brythonic:

Middle Breton: goap

Welsh: gwep

Primitive Irish: ᚃᚓᚊᚏᚓᚊ (veqreq)

Gaulish: Uepos (personal name)

From Proto-Indo-European *wekʷ- (“to speak, to sound out”).


wellos

wellos (nominative singular)
wellou (dual nominative)
welloi (nominative plural)
welle (singular vocative)
wellou (dual vocative)
welloi (plural vocative)
wellom (accusative singular)
wellou (accusative dual)
wellons (accusative plural)
wellī (genitive singular)
wellous (dual genitive)
wellom (genitive plural)
wellūi (dative singular)
wellobom (dative dual)
wellobos (dative plural)
wellū (instrumental singular)
wellobim (dual instrumental)
wellobis (instrumental plural)
wellā (nominative singular)
wellai (dual nominative)
wellās (nominative plural)
wellā (singular vocative)
wellai (dual vocative)
wellās (plural vocative)
wellam (accusative singular)
wellai (accusative dual)
wellans (accusative plural)
wellās (genitive singular)
wellai (dative singular)
wellābom (dative dual)
wellābos (dative plural)
wellābim (dual instrumental)
wellābis (instrumental plural)
wellom (nominative singular)
wellā (nominative plural)
wellom (singular vocative)
wellā (plural vocative)
wellā (accusative plural)

Proto-Brythonic:

Middle Breton: guell

Breton: gwell

Cornish: gwell

Middle Welsh: gwell

Welsh: gwell (“better, preferable”)

From Proto-Indo-European *welh₁- (“to choose, to want”).


weleti

welū (active first-person present singular)
welemam (active first-person imperfect singular)
welesi (active present second-person singular)
weletās (active imperfect second-person singular)
weleti (active present singular third-person)
weleto (active imperfect singular third-person)
welomosi (active first-person plural present)
welemo (active first-person imperfect plural)
weletesi (active plural present second-person)
welestē (active imperfect plural second-person)
welonti (active plural present third-person)
welento (active imperfect plural third-person)
wele (active imperative second-person singular)
weletou (active imperative singular third-person)
welomos (active first-person imperative plural)
welete (active imperative plural second-person)
welontou (active imperative plural third-person)
welūr (first-person passive present singular)
weletar (passive present second-person singular)
weletor (passive present singular third-person)
welommor (first-person passive plural present)
weledwe (passive plural present second-person)
welontor (passive plural present third-person)
welonts (nominative singular)
welonte (dual nominative)
welontes (nominative plural)
welonts (singular vocative)
welonte (dual vocative)
welontes (plural vocative)
welontam (accusative singular)
welonte (accusative dual)
welontans (accusative plural)
welantos (genitive singular)
welantom (genitive plural)
welantei (dative singular)
welantbom (dative dual)
welantbos (dative plural)
welantī? (instrumental singular)
welantbim (dual instrumental)
welantbis (instrumental plural)
welantī (nominative singular)
welantī (dual nominative)
welantiyās (nominative plural)
welantī (singular vocative)
welantī (dual vocative)
welantiyās (plural vocative)
welantīm (accusative singular)
welantī (accusative dual)
welantiyans (accusative plural)
welantyās (genitive singular)
welantyom (genitive plural)
welantyāi (dative singular)
welantyābom (dative dual)
welantyābos (dative plural)
welantyābim (dual instrumental)
welantyābis (instrumental plural)
welont (nominative singular)
welonta (nominative plural)
welont (singular vocative)
welonta (plural vocative)
welont (accusative singular)
welonta (accusative plural)

Proto-Brythonic: *gwelɨd

Old Breton: guelhum (1pl. subj.)

Middle Breton: guelet

Breton: gwelet

Cornish: gweles

Middle Welsh: gwelet

Welsh: gweled, gweld

Old Irish: fil (“there is”)

Irish: fuil

Scottish Gaelic: bheil

From Proto-Indo-European *wel- (“to see”).


weinā

weinā (nominative singular)
weinai (dual nominative)
weinās (nominative plural)
weinā (singular vocative)
weinai (dual vocative)
weinās (plural vocative)
weinam (accusative singular)
weinai (accusative dual)
weināns (accusative plural)
weinās (genitive singular)
weinous (dual genitive)
weinom (genitive plural)
weināi (dative singular)
weinābom (dative dual)
weinābos (dative plural)
weinai (locative singular)
weinābim (dual instrumental)
weinābis (instrumental plural)

Middle Irish: fían

Irish: fiann

From Proto-Indo-European *weyh₁- (“to chase, pursue”).


weilos

weilos (nominative singular)
weilou (dual nominative)
weiloi (nominative plural)
weile (singular vocative)
weilou (dual vocative)
weiloi (plural vocative)
weilom (accusative singular)
weilou (accusative dual)
weilons (accusative plural)
weilī (genitive singular)
weilous (dual genitive)
weilom (genitive plural)
weilūi (dative singular)
weilobom (dative dual)
weilobos (dative plural)
weilū (instrumental singular)
weilobim (dual instrumental)
weilobis (instrumental plural)
weilā (nominative singular)
weilai (dual nominative)
weilās (nominative plural)
weilā (singular vocative)
weilai (dual vocative)
weilās (plural vocative)
weilam (accusative singular)
weilai (accusative dual)
weilans (accusative plural)
weilās (genitive singular)
weilai (dative singular)
weilābom (dative dual)
weilābos (dative plural)
weilābim (dual instrumental)
weilābis (instrumental plural)
weilom (nominative singular)
weilā (nominative plural)
weilom (singular vocative)
weilā (plural vocative)
weilā (accusative plural)

Proto-Brythonic: *gwuɨl

Middle Welsh: gwyl

Welsh: gŵyl

Old Irish: fíal

Middle Irish: fíal

Irish: fial

Scottish Gaelic: fial

Manx: feoilt

Along with *weiliyā (“modesty”), possibly from Proto-Indo-European *wey- (“turn”), *wāg- (“to be bent”), which could be related to Latin vagus (“wandering, strolling”).


wendom

wendom (nominative singular)
wendou (dual nominative)
wendā (nominative plural)
wendom (singular vocative)
wendou (dual vocative)
wendā (plural vocative)
wendom (accusative singular)
wendou (accusative dual)
wendā (accusative plural)
wendī (genitive singular)
wendous (dual genitive)
wendom (genitive plural)
wendūi (dative singular)
wendobom (dative dual)
wendobos (dative plural)
wendei (locative singular)
wendū (instrumental singular)
wendobim (dual instrumental)
wendūis (instrumental plural)

Middle Irish: find

From Proto-Indo-European *wendʰ- (“hair”). cognate with Ancient Greek ἴονθος (íonthos) and Old High German wintbrāwa (“eyelash”).


wentā

wentā (nominative singular)
wentai (dual nominative)
wentās (nominative plural)
wentā (singular vocative)
wentai (dual vocative)
wentās (plural vocative)
wentam (accusative singular)
wentai (accusative dual)
wentāns (accusative plural)
wentās (genitive singular)
wentous (dual genitive)
wentom (genitive plural)
wentāi (dative singular)
wentābom (dative dual)
wentābos (dative plural)
wentai (locative singular)
wentābim (dual instrumental)
wentābis (instrumental plural)

Proto-Brythonic:

Middle Welsh: cadwent (“battlefield”)

→ Latin: Venta (possibly)

From Proto-Indo-European *h₁wen- (“place, location (?)”). cognate with Ancient Greek εὐνή (eunḗ, “bed”).


wenyā

wenyā (nominative singular)
wenyai (dual nominative)
wenyās (nominative plural)
wenyā (singular vocative)
wenyai (dual vocative)
wenyās (plural vocative)
wenyam (accusative singular)
wenyai (accusative dual)
wenyāns (accusative plural)
wenyās (genitive singular)
wenyous (dual genitive)
wenyom (genitive plural)
wenyāi (dative singular)
wenyābom (dative dual)
wenyābos (dative plural)
wenyai (locative singular)
wenyābim (dual instrumental)
wenyābis (instrumental plural)

Proto-Brythonic:

⇒ Old Breton: coguenou

Middle Breton: gouen, gouenn

Breton: gouenn

desc

Gaulish: *Wenetoi (“Veneti”), uenicos (“clan member”)

→ Latin: Veneti

French: Vannes

Old Irish: fine

Irish: fine

Lepontic: 𐌅𐌄𐌍𐌉𐌀 (venia)

From Proto-Indo-European *wenh₁- (“desire”). cognate with Proto-Germanic *winiz (“friend”) and Latin Venus.


Wenikaros

Wenikaros (nominative singular)
Wenikarom (accusative singular)
Wenikarūi (dative singular)
Wenikarei (locative singular)

Proto-Brythonic:

Old Welsh: Guncar

Middle Breton: Guengar

Old Irish: Finchar

Gaulish: *Wenikaros

→ Latin: Venicarus

From *wenyā (“family, kindred”) + *-karos (“loving”).


wenkāti

wenkāmi (active first-person present singular)
wenkāmam (active first-person imperfect singular)
wenkāsi (active present second-person singular)
wenkātās (active imperfect second-person singular)
wenkāti (active present singular third-person)
wenkāto (active imperfect singular third-person)
wenkāmosi (active first-person plural present)
wenkāmo (active first-person imperfect plural)
wenkātesi (active plural present second-person)
wenkāstē (active imperfect plural second-person)
wenkānti (active plural present third-person)
wenkānto (active imperfect plural third-person)
wenkā (active imperative second-person singular)
wenkātou (active imperative singular third-person)
wenkāmos (active first-person imperative plural)
wenkāte (active imperative plural second-person)
wenkāntou (active imperative plural third-person)
wenkār (first-person passive present singular)
wenkātar (passive present second-person singular)
wenkātor (passive present singular third-person)
wenkāmmor (first-person passive plural present)
wenkādwe (passive plural present second-person)
wenkāntor (passive plural present third-person)
wenkants (nominative singular)
wenkante (dual nominative)
wenkantes (nominative plural)
wenkants (singular vocative)
wenkante (dual vocative)
wenkantes (plural vocative)
wenkantam (accusative singular)
wenkante (accusative dual)
wenkantans (accusative plural)
wenkantos (genitive singular)
wenkantom (genitive plural)
wenkantei (dative singular)
wenkantbom (dative dual)
wenkantbos (dative plural)
wenkantī? (instrumental singular)
wenkantbim (dual instrumental)
wenkantbis (instrumental plural)
wenkantī (nominative singular)
wenkantī (dual nominative)
wenkantiyās (nominative plural)
wenkantī (singular vocative)
wenkantī (dual vocative)
wenkantiyās (plural vocative)
wenkantīm (accusative singular)
wenkantī (accusative dual)
wenkantiyans (accusative plural)
wenkantyās (genitive singular)
wenkantyom (genitive plural)
wenkantyāi (dative singular)
wenkantyābom (dative dual)
wenkantyābos (dative plural)
wenkantyābim (dual instrumental)
wenkantyābis (instrumental plural)
wenkant (nominative singular)
wenkanta (nominative plural)
wenkant (singular vocative)
wenkanta (plural vocative)
wenkant (accusative singular)
wenkanta (accusative plural)

Middle Irish: feccaid

From Proto-Indo-European *wenk- (“to bend”). Cognate with Proto-Germanic *wanhaz (“bent, crooked, twisted”).


wensos

wensos (nominative singular)
wensou (dual nominative)
wensoi (nominative plural)
wense (singular vocative)
wensou (dual vocative)
wensoi (plural vocative)
wensom (accusative singular)
wensou (accusative dual)
wensons (accusative plural)
wensī (genitive singular)
wensous (dual genitive)
wensom (genitive plural)
wensūi (dative singular)
wensobom (dative dual)
wensobos (dative plural)
wensei (locative singular)
wensū (instrumental singular)
wensobim (dual instrumental)
wensūis (instrumental plural)

Middle Irish: fés

From Proto-Indo-European *wendʰ-s- (“hair”). Cognate with Old Prussian wanso (“first beard”) and Russian ус (us, “mustache”) (from Proto-Slavic *ǫsъ).


saitus

saitus (nominative singular)
saitū (dual nominative)
saitowes (nominative plural)
saitu (singular vocative)
saitū (dual vocative)
saitūs (plural vocative)
saitum (accusative singular)
saitū (accusative dual)
saituns (accusative plural)
saitous (genitive singular)
saitous (dual genitive)
saitowom (genitive plural)
saitou (dative singular)
saitubom (dative dual)
saitubos (dative plural)
saitū (instrumental singular)
saitubim (dual instrumental)
saitubis (instrumental plural)

Proto-Brythonic:

Middle Welsh: hoed

Old Irish: sáeth

From Proto-Indo-European *sh₂ey- (“to bind, fetter”).


seibaris

seibaris (nominative singular)
seibarī (dual nominative)
seibarīs (nominative plural)
seibari (singular vocative)
seibarī (dual vocative)
seibarīs (plural vocative)
seibarim (accusative singular)
seibarī (accusative dual)
seibarins (accusative plural)
seibareis (genitive singular)
seibaryow (dual genitive)
seibaryom (genitive plural)
seibarei (dative singular)
seibaribom (dative dual)
seibaribos (dative plural)
seibarei (locative singular)
seibarī (instrumental singular)
seibaribim (dual instrumental)
seibaribis (instrumental plural)

Old Irish: síabair (i-stem), síabar (o-stem)

Unknown. Possibly from Proto-Indo-European *sh₂ey- (“to bind, fetter”) or from a substrate language.

Gwɨnnohuɨβ̃arBreton: GwenivarMiddle Cornish: Gwynnever [ca. 1500]Cornish: Jennifer

Gweniver→ English: JenniferOld Welsh: *GuinhuifarMiddle Welsh: GwenhwyfarWelsh: Gwenhwyfar→ Medieval Latin: Guennuvar [ca. 1130]

Wennevereia [ca. 1220]Old French: GenievreMiddle French: GenievreFrench: Guenièvre→ Middle English: GuinevereEnglish: Guinevere→ Galician: Xenebra→ Italian: Ginevra→ Portuguese: Genebra→ Spanish: Ginebra


sāmos

sāmos (nominative singular)
sāmou (dual nominative)
sāmoi (nominative plural)
sāme (singular vocative)
sāmou (dual vocative)
sāmoi (plural vocative)
sāmom (accusative singular)
sāmou (accusative dual)
sāmons (accusative plural)
sāmī (genitive singular)
sāmous (dual genitive)
sāmom (genitive plural)
sāmūi (dative singular)
sāmobom (dative dual)
sāmobos (dative plural)
sāmū (instrumental singular)
sāmobim (dual instrumental)
sāmobis (instrumental plural)
sāmā (nominative singular)
sāmai (dual nominative)
sāmās (nominative plural)
sāmā (singular vocative)
sāmai (dual vocative)
sāmās (plural vocative)
sāmam (accusative singular)
sāmai (accusative dual)
sāmans (accusative plural)
sāmās (genitive singular)
sāmai (dative singular)
sāmābom (dative dual)
sāmābos (dative plural)
sāmābim (dual instrumental)
sāmābis (instrumental plural)
sāmom (nominative singular)
sāmā (nominative plural)
sāmom (singular vocative)
sāmā (plural vocative)
sāmā (accusative plural)

Middle Irish: sám

Irish: sámh

Scottish Gaelic: samh

Gaulish: samo-

tooltip

reshaped by analogy or addition of morpheme

⇒ Samotalos

From Proto-Indo-European *sem- (“same”).


samonis

samonis (nominative singular)
samonī (dual nominative)
samonīs (nominative plural)
samoni (singular vocative)
samonī (dual vocative)
samonīs (plural vocative)
samonim (accusative singular)
samonī (accusative dual)
samonins (accusative plural)
samoneis (genitive singular)
samonyow (dual genitive)
samonyom (genitive plural)
samonei (dative singular)
samonibom (dative dual)
samonibos (dative plural)
samonei (locative singular)
samonī (instrumental singular)
samonibim (dual instrumental)
samonibis (instrumental plural)

Gaulish: samon- (<Coligny calendar)

Old Irish: samain

From Proto-Indo-European *sem- (“together, one”).

der

assembly, (feast of the) first month of the year


sāssāti

sāssāmi (active first-person present singular)
sāssāmam (active first-person imperfect singular)
sāssāsi (active present second-person singular)
sāssātās (active imperfect second-person singular)
sāssāti (active present singular third-person)
sāssāto (active imperfect singular third-person)
sāssāmosi (active first-person plural present)
sāssāmo (active first-person imperfect plural)
sāssātesi (active plural present second-person)
sāssāstē (active imperfect plural second-person)
sāssānti (active plural present third-person)
sāssānto (active imperfect plural third-person)
sāssā (active imperative second-person singular)
sāssātou (active imperative singular third-person)
sāssāmos (active first-person imperative plural)
sāssāte (active imperative plural second-person)
sāssāntou (active imperative plural third-person)
sāssār (first-person passive present singular)
sāssātar (passive present second-person singular)
sāssātor (passive present singular third-person)
sāssāmmor (first-person passive plural present)
sāssādwe (passive plural present second-person)
sāssāntor (passive plural present third-person)
sāssants (nominative singular)
sāssante (dual nominative)
sāssantes (nominative plural)
sāssants (singular vocative)
sāssante (dual vocative)
sāssantes (plural vocative)
sāssantam (accusative singular)
sāssante (accusative dual)
sāssantans (accusative plural)
sāssantos (genitive singular)
sāssantom (genitive plural)
sāssantei (dative singular)
sāssantbom (dative dual)
sāssantbos (dative plural)
sāssantī? (instrumental singular)
sāssantbim (dual instrumental)
sāssantbis (instrumental plural)
sāssantī (nominative singular)
sāssantī (dual nominative)
sāssantiyās (nominative plural)
sāssantī (singular vocative)
sāssantī (dual vocative)
sāssantiyās (plural vocative)
sāssantīm (accusative singular)
sāssantī (accusative dual)
sāssantiyans (accusative plural)
sāssantyās (genitive singular)
sāssantyom (genitive plural)
sāssantyāi (dative singular)
sāssantyābom (dative dual)
sāssantyābos (dative plural)
sāssantyābim (dual instrumental)
sāssantyābis (instrumental plural)
sāssant (nominative singular)
sāssanta (nominative plural)
sāssant (singular vocative)
sāssanta (plural vocative)
sāssant (accusative singular)
sāssanta (accusative plural)

desctree

Old Irish: sásaid
⇒ Middle Irish: sásaigid
Irish: sásaigh
Manx: saasaghey
Scottish Gaelic: sàsaich

From Proto-Indo-European *seh₂- (“to satiate, satisfy”).


sannati

sannāmi (active first-person present singular)
sannamam (active first-person imperfect singular)
sisnāsū (active first-person future singular)
sesona (active first-person preterite singular)
sannāsi (active present second-person singular)
sannatās (active imperfect second-person singular)
sisnāsesi (active future second-person singular)
sesonas? (active preterite second-person singular)
sannāti (active present singular third-person)
sannato (active imperfect singular third-person)
sisnāseti (active future singular third-person)
sesone (active preterite singular third-person)
sannamosi (active first-person plural present)
sannamo (active first-person imperfect plural)
sisnāsomosi (active first-person future plural)
sesonmo (active first-person plural preterite)
sannatesi (active plural present second-person)
sannastē (active imperfect plural second-person)
sisnāsetesi (active future plural second-person)
sesone (active plural preterite second-person)
sannanti (active plural present third-person)
sannanto (active imperfect plural third-person)
sisnāsonti (active future plural third-person)
sesonars (active plural preterite third-person)
sanasū (active first-person present singular subjunctive)
sanasesi (active present second-person singular subjunctive)
sannā (active imperative second-person singular)
sanaseti (active present singular subjunctive third-person)
sannātou (active imperative singular third-person)
sanasomosi (active first-person plural present subjunctive)
sannamos (active first-person imperative plural)
sanasetesi (active plural present second-person subjunctive)
sannate (active imperative plural second-person)
sanasonti (active plural present subjunctive third-person)
sannantou (active imperative plural third-person)
sannār (first-person passive present singular)
sisnāsūr (first-person future passive singular)
sesonra (first-person passive preterite singular)
sannātar (passive present second-person singular)
sisnāsetar (future passive second-person singular)
sesonras? (passive preterite second-person singular)
sannātor (passive present singular third-person)
sisnāsetor (future passive singular third-person)
sesonre (passive preterite singular third-person)
sannammor (first-person passive plural present)
sisnāsommor (first-person future passive plural)
sannadwe (passive plural present second-person)
sisnāsedwe (future passive plural second-person)
sannantor (passive plural present third-person)
sisnāsontor (future passive plural third-person)
sanasūr (first-person passive present singular subjunctive)
sanasetar (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
sanasetor (passive present singular subjunctive third-person)
sanasommor (first-person passive plural present subjunctive)
sanasedwe (passive plural present second-person subjunctive)
sanasontor (passive plural present subjunctive third-person)
sannonts (nominative singular)
sannonte (dual nominative)
sannontes (nominative plural)
sannonts (singular vocative)
sannonte (dual vocative)
sannontes (plural vocative)
sannontam (accusative singular)
sannonte (accusative dual)
sannontans (accusative plural)
sannantos (genitive singular)
sannantom (genitive plural)
sannantei (dative singular)
sannantbom (dative dual)
sannantbos (dative plural)
sannantī? (instrumental singular)
sannantbim (dual instrumental)
sannantbis (instrumental plural)
sannantī (nominative singular)
sannantī (dual nominative)
sannantiyās (nominative plural)
sannantī (singular vocative)
sannantī (dual vocative)
sannantiyās (plural vocative)
sannantīm (accusative singular)
sannantī (accusative dual)
sannantiyans (accusative plural)
sannantyās (genitive singular)
sannantyom (genitive plural)
sannantyāi (dative singular)
sannantyābom (dative dual)
sannantyābos (dative plural)
sannantyābim (dual instrumental)
sannantyābis (instrumental plural)
sannont (nominative singular)
sannonta (nominative plural)
sannont (singular vocative)
sannonta (plural vocative)
sannont (accusative singular)
sannonta (accusative plural)
snatos (nominative singular)
snatou (dual nominative)
snatoi (nominative plural)
snate (singular vocative)
snatou (dual vocative)
snatoi (plural vocative)
snatom (accusative singular)
snatou (accusative dual)
snatons (accusative plural)
snatī (genitive singular)
snatous (dual genitive)
snatom (genitive plural)
snatūi (dative singular)
snatobom (dative dual)
snatobos (dative plural)
snatū (instrumental singular)
snatobim (dual instrumental)
snatobis (instrumental plural)
snatā (nominative singular)
snatai (dual nominative)
snatās (nominative plural)
snatā (singular vocative)
snatai (dual vocative)
snatās (plural vocative)
snatam (accusative singular)
snatai (accusative dual)
snatans (accusative plural)
snatās (genitive singular)
snatai (dative singular)
snatābom (dative dual)
snatābos (dative plural)
snatābim (dual instrumental)
snatābis (instrumental plural)
snatom (nominative singular)
snatā (nominative plural)
snatom (singular vocative)
snatā (plural vocative)
snatā (accusative plural)

Old Irish: seinnid

desc

Gaulish: (root aorists?) senant (3pl. pres.), senit (3sg. pres.)

From Proto-Indo-European *senh₂- (“to reach, find, attain”).

der

do·coissin

*dī-kom-sesone (preterite-present); Old Irish


sātis

sātis (nominative singular)
sātī (dual nominative)
sātīs (nominative plural)
sāti (singular vocative)
sātī (dual vocative)
sātīs (plural vocative)
sātim (accusative singular)
sātī (accusative dual)
sātins (accusative plural)
sāteis (genitive singular)
sātyow (dual genitive)
sātyom (genitive plural)
sātei (dative singular)
sātibom (dative dual)
sātibos (dative plural)
sātei (locative singular)
sātī (instrumental singular)
sātibim (dual instrumental)
sātibis (instrumental plural)

Old Irish: sáth, sáith


sedlom

sedlom (nominative singular)
sedlou (dual nominative)
sedlā (nominative plural)
sedlom (singular vocative)
sedlou (dual vocative)
sedlā (plural vocative)
sedlom (accusative singular)
sedlou (accusative dual)
sedlā (accusative plural)
sedlī (genitive singular)
sedlous (dual genitive)
sedlom (genitive plural)
sedlūi (dative singular)
sedlobom (dative dual)
sedlobos (dative plural)
sedlei (locative singular)
sedlū (instrumental singular)
sedlobim (dual instrumental)
sedlūis (instrumental plural)

Gaulish: *sedlon

desc

⇒ Gaulish: kanekosedlon (“golden seat(?)”)

From Proto-Indo-European *sed-lom, from *sed- (“to sit”) + *-tlom. Cognate with Proto-Germanic *setlaz, Proto-Slavic *sědlo, Latin sella.


selwā

selwā (nominative singular)
selwai (dual nominative)
selwās (nominative plural)
selwā (singular vocative)
selwai (dual vocative)
selwās (plural vocative)
selwam (accusative singular)
selwai (accusative dual)
selwāns (accusative plural)
selwās (genitive singular)
selwous (dual genitive)
selwom (genitive plural)
selwāi (dative singular)
selwābom (dative dual)
selwābos (dative plural)
selwai (locative singular)
selwābim (dual instrumental)
selwābis (instrumental plural)

Proto-Brythonic: *helw

Middle Welsh: helw, elw

Welsh: elw

⇒ Gaulish: Luguselua

Old Irish: selb

Irish: sealbh, seilbh

Manx: shelloo

Scottish Gaelic: sealbh, seilbh

From Proto-Indo-European *selh₁- (“to take, grasp”). Cognate with Gothic 𐍃𐌰𐌻𐌾𐌰𐌽 (saljan) and Ancient Greek εἷλον (heîlon).


sekʷetor

sekʷūr (first-person passive present singular)
sekʷetar (passive present second-person singular)
sekʷetor (passive present singular third-person)
sekʷommor (first-person passive plural present)
sekʷedwe (passive plural present second-person)
sekʷontor (passive plural present third-person)
sekʷonts (nominative singular)
sekʷonte (dual nominative)
sekʷontes (nominative plural)
sekʷonts (singular vocative)
sekʷonte (dual vocative)
sekʷontes (plural vocative)
sekʷontam (accusative singular)
sekʷonte (accusative dual)
sekʷontans (accusative plural)
sekʷantos (genitive singular)
sekʷantom (genitive plural)
sekʷantei (dative singular)
sekʷantbom (dative dual)
sekʷantbos (dative plural)
sekʷantī? (instrumental singular)
sekʷantbim (dual instrumental)
sekʷantbis (instrumental plural)
sekʷantī (nominative singular)
sekʷantī (dual nominative)
sekʷantiyās (nominative plural)
sekʷantī (singular vocative)
sekʷantī (dual vocative)
sekʷantiyās (plural vocative)
sekʷantīm (accusative singular)
sekʷantī (accusative dual)
sekʷantiyans (accusative plural)
sekʷantyās (genitive singular)
sekʷantyom (genitive plural)
sekʷantyāi (dative singular)
sekʷantyābom (dative dual)
sekʷantyābos (dative plural)
sekʷantyābim (dual instrumental)
sekʷantyābis (instrumental plural)
sekʷont (nominative singular)
sekʷonta (nominative plural)
sekʷont (singular vocative)
sekʷonta (plural vocative)
sekʷont (accusative singular)
sekʷonta (accusative plural)

Old Irish: seichithir

desctree

⇒ Old Irish: seichem, sechem
Irish: seicheamh

Gaulish: [Term?]

→ Latin: segusius
Old Lombard: sevux
Galician: sabuxo
Italian: segugio
Spanish: sabueso
Portuguese: sabujo

From Proto-Indo-European *sékʷetor (“to be following”) from Proto-Indo-European *sekʷ- (“to follow”). Cognate with Latin sequor, Sanskrit सचते (sácate) and Ancient Greek ἕπομαι (hépomai).


sekʷeti

sekʷū (active first-person present singular)
sekʷemam (active first-person imperfect singular)
sākʷa (active first-person preterite singular)
sekʷesi (active present second-person singular)
sekʷetās (active imperfect second-person singular)
sākʷas? (active preterite second-person singular)
sekʷeti (active present singular third-person)
sekʷeto (active imperfect singular third-person)
sākʷe (active preterite singular third-person)
sekʷomosi (active first-person plural present)
sekʷemo (active first-person imperfect plural)
sākʷmo (active first-person plural preterite)
sekʷetesi (active plural present second-person)
sekʷestē (active imperfect plural second-person)
sākʷe (active plural preterite second-person)
sekʷonti (active plural present third-person)
sekʷento (active imperfect plural third-person)
sākʷars (active plural preterite third-person)
sexsū (active first-person present singular subjunctive)
sexsesi (active present second-person singular subjunctive)
sekʷe (active imperative second-person singular)
sexseti (active present singular subjunctive third-person)
sekʷetou (active imperative singular third-person)
sexsomosi (active first-person plural present subjunctive)
sekʷomos (active first-person imperative plural)
sexsetesi (active plural present second-person subjunctive)
sekʷete (active imperative plural second-person)
sexsonti (active plural present subjunctive third-person)
sekʷontou (active imperative plural third-person)
sekʷūr (first-person passive present singular)
sākʷra (first-person passive preterite singular)
sekʷetar (passive present second-person singular)
sākʷras? (passive preterite second-person singular)
sekʷetor (passive present singular third-person)
sākʷre (passive preterite singular third-person)
sekʷommor (first-person passive plural present)
sekʷedwe (passive plural present second-person)
sekʷontor (passive plural present third-person)
sexsūr (first-person passive present singular subjunctive)
sexsetar (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
sexsetor (passive present singular subjunctive third-person)
sexsommor (first-person passive plural present subjunctive)
sexsedwe (passive plural present second-person subjunctive)
sexsontor (passive plural present subjunctive third-person)
sekʷonts (nominative singular)
sekʷonte (dual nominative)
sekʷontes (nominative plural)
sekʷonts (singular vocative)
sekʷonte (dual vocative)
sekʷontes (plural vocative)
sekʷontam (accusative singular)
sekʷonte (accusative dual)
sekʷontans (accusative plural)
sekʷantos (genitive singular)
sekʷantom (genitive plural)
sekʷantei (dative singular)
sekʷantbom (dative dual)
sekʷantbos (dative plural)
sekʷantī? (instrumental singular)
sekʷantbim (dual instrumental)
sekʷantbis (instrumental plural)
sekʷantī (nominative singular)
sekʷantī (dual nominative)
sekʷantiyās (nominative plural)
sekʷantī (singular vocative)
sekʷantī (dual vocative)
sekʷantiyās (plural vocative)
sekʷantīm (accusative singular)
sekʷantī (accusative dual)
sekʷantiyans (accusative plural)
sekʷantyās (genitive singular)
sekʷantyom (genitive plural)
sekʷantyāi (dative singular)
sekʷantyābom (dative dual)
sekʷantyābos (dative plural)
sekʷantyābim (dual instrumental)
sekʷantyābis (instrumental plural)
sekʷont (nominative singular)
sekʷonta (nominative plural)
sekʷont (singular vocative)
sekʷonta (plural vocative)
sekʷont (accusative singular)
sekʷonta (accusative plural)
sextos (nominative singular)
sextou (dual nominative)
sextoi (nominative plural)
sexte (singular vocative)
sextou (dual vocative)
sextoi (plural vocative)
sextom (accusative singular)
sextou (accusative dual)
sextons (accusative plural)
sextī (genitive singular)
sextous (dual genitive)
sextom (genitive plural)
sextūi (dative singular)
sextobom (dative dual)
sextobos (dative plural)
sextū (instrumental singular)
sextobim (dual instrumental)
sextobis (instrumental plural)
sextā (nominative singular)
sextai (dual nominative)
sextās (nominative plural)
sextā (singular vocative)
sextai (dual vocative)
sextās (plural vocative)
sextam (accusative singular)
sextai (accusative dual)
sextans (accusative plural)
sextās (genitive singular)
sextai (dative singular)
sextābom (dative dual)
sextābos (dative plural)
sextābim (dual instrumental)
sextābis (instrumental plural)
sextom (nominative singular)
sextā (nominative plural)
sextom (singular vocative)
sextā (plural vocative)
sextā (accusative plural)

desctree

Proto-Brythonic: *hėbɨd
Old Breton: hep
Old Welsh: hepp (3sg. pres.)
Middle Welsh: heb (3sg. pres.), hebaf (1sg. pres.)
Welsh: hebu

Old Irish: seichid

Middle Irish: sechid

From Proto-Indo-European *sékʷ-e-ti (“to say”). Cognate with Latin inquam, Ancient Greek ἐνέπω (enépō) and Proto-Germanic *sagjaną.


semeti

semū (active first-person present singular)
sememam (active first-person imperfect singular)
sismāsū (active first-person future singular)
semam (active first-person preterite singular)
semesi (active present second-person singular)
semetās (active imperfect second-person singular)
sismāsesi (active future second-person singular)
sens (active preterite second-person singular)
semeti (active present singular third-person)
semeto (active imperfect singular third-person)
sismāseti (active future singular third-person)
sent (active preterite singular third-person)
semomosi (active first-person plural present)
sememo (active first-person imperfect plural)
sismāsomosi (active first-person future plural)
semme (active first-person plural preterite)
semetesi (active plural present second-person)
semestē (active imperfect plural second-person)
sismāsetesi (active future plural second-person)
sente (active plural preterite second-person)
semonti (active plural present third-person)
semento (active imperfect plural third-person)
sismāsonti (active future plural third-person)
semant (active plural preterite third-person)
semasū (active first-person present singular subjunctive)
semasesi (active present second-person singular subjunctive)
seme (active imperative second-person singular)
semaseti (active present singular subjunctive third-person)
semetou (active imperative singular third-person)
semasomosi (active first-person plural present subjunctive)
semomos (active first-person imperative plural)
semasetesi (active plural present second-person subjunctive)
semete (active imperative plural second-person)
semasonti (active plural present subjunctive third-person)
semontou (active imperative plural third-person)
semūr (first-person passive present singular)
sismāsūr (first-person future passive singular)
semetar (passive present second-person singular)
sismāsetar (future passive second-person singular)
semetor (passive present singular third-person)
sismāsetor (future passive singular third-person)
semommor (first-person passive plural present)
sismāsommor (first-person future passive plural)
semedwe (passive plural present second-person)
sismāsedwe (future passive plural second-person)
semontor (passive plural present third-person)
sismāsontor (future passive plural third-person)
semanto (passive plural preterite third-person)
semasūr (first-person passive present singular subjunctive)
semasetar (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
semasetor (passive present singular subjunctive third-person)
semasommor (first-person passive plural present subjunctive)
semasedwe (passive plural present second-person subjunctive)
semasontor (passive plural present subjunctive third-person)
semonts (nominative singular)
semonte (dual nominative)
semontes (nominative plural)
semonts (singular vocative)
semonte (dual vocative)
semontes (plural vocative)
semontam (accusative singular)
semonte (accusative dual)
semontans (accusative plural)
semantos (genitive singular)
semantom (genitive plural)
semantei (dative singular)
semantbom (dative dual)
semantbos (dative plural)
semantī? (instrumental singular)
semantbim (dual instrumental)
semantbis (instrumental plural)
semantī (nominative singular)
semantī (dual nominative)
semantiyās (nominative plural)
semantī (singular vocative)
semantī (dual vocative)
semantiyās (plural vocative)
semantīm (accusative singular)
semantī (accusative dual)
semantiyans (accusative plural)
semantyās (genitive singular)
semantyom (genitive plural)
semantyāi (dative singular)
semantyābom (dative dual)
semantyābos (dative plural)
semantyābim (dual instrumental)
semantyābis (instrumental plural)
semont (nominative singular)
semonta (nominative plural)
semont (singular vocative)
semonta (plural vocative)
semont (accusative singular)
semonta (accusative plural)
santos (nominative singular)
santou (dual nominative)
santoi (nominative plural)
sante (singular vocative)
santou (dual vocative)
santoi (plural vocative)
santom (accusative singular)
santou (accusative dual)
santons (accusative plural)
santī (genitive singular)
santous (dual genitive)
santom (genitive plural)
santūi (dative singular)
santobom (dative dual)
santobos (dative plural)
santū (instrumental singular)
santobim (dual instrumental)
santobis (instrumental plural)
santā (nominative singular)
santai (dual nominative)
santās (nominative plural)
santā (singular vocative)
santai (dual vocative)
santās (plural vocative)
santam (accusative singular)
santai (accusative dual)
santans (accusative plural)
santās (genitive singular)
santai (dative singular)
santābom (dative dual)
santābos (dative plural)
santābim (dual instrumental)
santābis (instrumental plural)
santom (nominative singular)
santā (nominative plural)
santom (singular vocative)
santā (plural vocative)
santā (accusative plural)

From Proto-Indo-European *semH- (“to pump, draw water, scoop”). Cognate with Latin sentina, Ancient Greek ἀμάομαι (amáomai) and Lithuanian sémti.

Old Irish: do·fuissimMiddle Irish: tuismidIrish: tuismighScottish Gaelic: taoim Manx: teaum


serwā

serwā (nominative singular)
serwai (dual nominative)
serwās (nominative plural)
serwā (singular vocative)
serwai (dual vocative)
serwās (plural vocative)
serwam (accusative singular)
serwai (accusative dual)
serwāns (accusative plural)
serwās (genitive singular)
serwous (dual genitive)
serwom (genitive plural)
serwāi (dative singular)
serwābom (dative dual)
serwābos (dative plural)
serwai (locative singular)
serwābim (dual instrumental)
serwābis (instrumental plural)

Proto-Brythonic:

Middle Welsh: herw

Welsh: herw

Old Irish: serb

From Proto-Indo-European *ser- (“booty”). Cognate Latin servus (“slave”) and Hittite [script needed] (sāru-, “booty”).


sɸeimis

sɸeimis (nominative singular)
sɸeimī (dual nominative)
sɸeimīs (nominative plural)
sɸeimi (singular vocative)
sɸeimī (dual vocative)
sɸeimīs (plural vocative)
sɸeimim (accusative singular)
sɸeimī (accusative dual)
sɸeimins (accusative plural)
sɸeimeis (genitive singular)
sɸeimyou (dual genitive)
sɸeimyom (genitive plural)
sɸeimei (dative singular)
sɸeimibom (dative dual)
sɸeimibos (dative plural)
sɸeimī (instrumental singular)
sɸeimibim (dual instrumental)
sɸeimibis (instrumental plural)
sɸeimi (nominative singular)
sɸeimyā (nominative plural)
sɸeimyā (plural vocative)
sɸeimi (accusative singular)
sɸeimyā (accusative plural)
sɸeimois (genitive singular)
sɸeimois (dual genitive)
sɸeimē (dative singular)

desctree

Old Irish: séim
Irish: séimh
Scottish Gaelic: sèimh

From Proto-Indo-European *spey- (“thin”).


berwos

berwos (nominative singular)
berwou (dual nominative)
berwoi (nominative plural)
berwe (singular vocative)
berwou (dual vocative)
berwoi (plural vocative)
berwom (accusative singular)
berwou (accusative dual)
berwons (accusative plural)
berwī (genitive singular)
berwous (dual genitive)
berwom (genitive plural)
berwūi (dative singular)
berwobom (dative dual)
berwobos (dative plural)
berwei (locative singular)
berwū (instrumental singular)
berwobim (dual instrumental)
berwūis (instrumental plural)

Proto-Brythonic: *berw

Middle Breton: beru

Breton: berv

Middle Welsh: berw

Welsh: berw

From Proto-Indo-European *bʰrewh₁- (“to boil, brew”).


balkos

balkos (nominative singular)
balkou (dual nominative)
balkoi (nominative plural)
balke (singular vocative)
balkou (dual vocative)
balkoi (plural vocative)
balkom (accusative singular)
balkou (accusative dual)
balkons (accusative plural)
balkī (genitive singular)
balkous (dual genitive)
balkom (genitive plural)
balkūi (dative singular)
balkobom (dative dual)
balkobos (dative plural)
balkū (instrumental singular)
balkobim (dual instrumental)
balkobis (instrumental plural)
balkā (nominative singular)
balkai (dual nominative)
balkās (nominative plural)
balkā (singular vocative)
balkai (dual vocative)
balkās (plural vocative)
balkam (accusative singular)
balkai (accusative dual)
balkans (accusative plural)
balkās (genitive singular)
balkai (dative singular)
balkābom (dative dual)
balkābos (dative plural)
balkābim (dual instrumental)
balkābis (instrumental plural)
balkom (nominative singular)
balkā (nominative plural)
balkom (singular vocative)
balkā (plural vocative)
balkā (accusative plural)

Proto-Brythonic: *balx

Middle Welsh: balch

Breton: balc'h

Cornish: balgh

Old Irish: balc

→ Vulgar Latin: balca

Catalan: balca

Occitan: balca, bauca

From Proto-Indo-European *bʰel- (“to swell”). Cognate Proto-Germanic *balþaz.


Medugenos

Medugenos (nominative singular)
Medugenom (accusative singular)
Medugenūi (dative singular)
Medugenei (locative singular)

Proto-Brythonic:

Old Welsh: Medgen

Hispano-Celtic:

→ Latin: Meduenus

Celtiberian: Mezukenos

Gaulish: Medugenos

Primitive Irish: ᚋᚓᚇᚇᚑᚌᚓᚅᚔ (Meddogeni)

From *medu (“mead, alcoholic drink”) + *genos (“family, clan”).


Rextugenos

Rextugenos (nominative singular)
Rextugene (singular vocative)
Rextugenom (accusative singular)
Rextugenī (genitive singular)
Rextugenūi (dative singular)
Rextugenei (locative singular)
Rextugenū (instrumental singular)

desc

Celtiberian: [Term?] (retukeno, genitive singular)

Gaulish: Rextugenos

From *rextus (“rule, law”) + *genos (“family”).


rextus

rextus (nominative singular)
rextū (dual nominative)
rextowes (nominative plural)
rextu (singular vocative)
rextū (dual vocative)
rextūs (plural vocative)
rextum (accusative singular)
rextū (accusative dual)
rextuns (accusative plural)
rextous (genitive singular)
rextous (dual genitive)
rextowom (genitive plural)
rextou (dative singular)
rextubom (dative dual)
rextubos (dative plural)
rextū (instrumental singular)
rextubim (dual instrumental)
rextubis (instrumental plural)

desctree

Proto-Brythonic: *rreiθ
Middle Breton: rez, reiz
Cornish: ryth
Middle Welsh: reyth
Welsh: rhaith

Old Irish: recht, rect
Irish: reacht
Scottish Gaelic: reachd

⇒ Proto-Brythonic: *kuβ̃reiθ

Middle Welsh: kyfreith, kyureith

Welsh: cyfraith

From Proto-Indo-European *h₃reǵ- (“to straighten, to right oneself”).


rextus

Middle Irish: recht

Possibly from either:
* Proto-Indo-European *h₁rep- (“to snatch”), cognate with Ancient Greek ἐρέπτομαι (eréptomai, “to devour, snatch away”), Latin rapiō (“to seize”).
* Proto-Indo-European *rebʰ- (“violent”), cognate to Latin rabiō (“to go mad”).


kengets

kengets (nominative singular)
kengete (dual nominative)
kengetes (nominative plural)
kengets (singular vocative)
kengete (dual vocative)
kengetes (plural vocative)
kengetam (accusative singular)
kengete (accusative dual)
kengetans (accusative plural)
kengetos (genitive singular)
kengetou (dual genitive)
kengetom (genitive plural)
kengetei (dative singular)
kengetobom (dative dual)
kengetobos (dative plural)
kengeti (locative singular)
kengete? (instrumental singular)
kengetobim (dual instrumental)
kengetobis (instrumental plural)

Old Irish: cing

Gaulish: Cinges, Cinceđ, *cingeto- (in personal names)

→ Latin: Cinges

→⇒ Latin: Cingetorix

→⇒ Latin: Vercingetorix

From Proto-Indo-European *keng- (“to step, walk (lamely), tread”) + *-ets.


wedeti

wedū (active first-person present singular)
wedemam (active first-person imperfect singular)
wāda (active first-person preterite singular)
wedesi (active present second-person singular)
wedetās (active imperfect second-person singular)
wādas? (active preterite second-person singular)
wedeti (active present singular third-person)
wedeto (active imperfect singular third-person)
wāde (active preterite singular third-person)
wedomosi (active first-person plural present)
wedemo (active first-person imperfect plural)
wādmo (active first-person plural preterite)
wedetesi (active plural present second-person)
wedestē (active imperfect plural second-person)
wāsse (active plural preterite second-person)
wedonti (active plural present third-person)
wedento (active imperfect plural third-person)
wādars (active plural preterite third-person)
wetsū (active first-person present singular subjunctive)
wetsesi (active present second-person singular subjunctive)
wede (active imperative second-person singular)
wetseti (active present singular subjunctive third-person)
wedetou (active imperative singular third-person)
wetsomosi (active first-person plural present subjunctive)
wedomos (active first-person imperative plural)
wetsetesi (active plural present second-person subjunctive)
wedete (active imperative plural second-person)
wetsonti (active plural present subjunctive third-person)
wedontou (active imperative plural third-person)
wedūr (first-person passive present singular)
wādra (first-person passive preterite singular)
wedetar (passive present second-person singular)
wādras? (passive preterite second-person singular)
wedetor (passive present singular third-person)
wādre (passive preterite singular third-person)
wedommor (first-person passive plural present)
wededwe (passive plural present second-person)
wedontor (passive plural present third-person)
wetsūr (first-person passive present singular subjunctive)
wetsetar (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
wetsetor (passive present singular subjunctive third-person)
wetsommor (first-person passive plural present subjunctive)
wetsedwe (passive plural present second-person subjunctive)
wetsontor (passive plural present subjunctive third-person)
wedonts (nominative singular)
wedonte (dual nominative)
wedontes (nominative plural)
wedonts (singular vocative)
wedonte (dual vocative)
wedontes (plural vocative)
wedontam (accusative singular)
wedonte (accusative dual)
wedontans (accusative plural)
wedantos (genitive singular)
wedantom (genitive plural)
wedantei (dative singular)
wedantbom (dative dual)
wedantbos (dative plural)
wedantī? (instrumental singular)
wedantbim (dual instrumental)
wedantbis (instrumental plural)
wedantī (nominative singular)
wedantī (dual nominative)
wedantiyās (nominative plural)
wedantī (singular vocative)
wedantī (dual vocative)
wedantiyās (plural vocative)
wedantīm (accusative singular)
wedantī (accusative dual)
wedantiyans (accusative plural)
wedantyās (genitive singular)
wedantyom (genitive plural)
wedantyāi (dative singular)
wedantyābom (dative dual)
wedantyābos (dative plural)
wedantyābim (dual instrumental)
wedantyābis (instrumental plural)
wedont (nominative singular)
wedonta (nominative plural)
wedont (singular vocative)
wedonta (plural vocative)
wedont (accusative singular)
wedonta (accusative plural)
wessos (nominative singular)
wessou (dual nominative)
wessoi (nominative plural)
wesse (singular vocative)
wessou (dual vocative)
wessoi (plural vocative)
wessom (accusative singular)
wessou (accusative dual)
wessons (accusative plural)
wessī (genitive singular)
wessous (dual genitive)
wessom (genitive plural)
wessūi (dative singular)
wessobom (dative dual)
wessobos (dative plural)
wessū (instrumental singular)
wessobim (dual instrumental)
wessobis (instrumental plural)
wessā (nominative singular)
wessai (dual nominative)
wessās (nominative plural)
wessā (singular vocative)
wessai (dual vocative)
wessās (plural vocative)
wessam (accusative singular)
wessai (accusative dual)
wessans (accusative plural)
wessās (genitive singular)
wessai (dative singular)
wessābom (dative dual)
wessābos (dative plural)
wessābim (dual instrumental)
wessābis (instrumental plural)
wessom (nominative singular)
wessā (nominative plural)
wessom (singular vocative)
wessā (plural vocative)
wessā (accusative plural)

Proto-Brythonic: *gweðɨd

desc

Middle Welsh: gweðu (“to befit, suit, be yoked”)

Welsh: gweddu

⇒ Middle Breton: dimiziff (“to marry”)

Breton: dimeziñ

⇒ Cornish: demmedhi (“to marry”)

Old Irish: feidid

From Proto-Indo-European *wédʰeti (“to lead”).

der

arweddu

⇒ Middle Welsh: arwein (“to carry, lead”); Welsh

cywain

Middle Welsh: kywein (“to bring together, gather (harvest)”); Welsh


bakkos

bakkos (nominative singular)
bakkou (dual nominative)
bakkoi (nominative plural)
bakke (singular vocative)
bakkou (dual vocative)
bakkoi (plural vocative)
bakkom (accusative singular)
bakkou (accusative dual)
bakkons (accusative plural)
bakkī (genitive singular)
bakkous (dual genitive)
bakkom (genitive plural)
bakkūi (dative singular)
bakkobom (dative dual)
bakkobos (dative plural)
bakkei (locative singular)
bakkū (instrumental singular)
bakkobim (dual instrumental)
bakkūis (instrumental plural)

Proto-Brythonic: *bax

Old Breton: bah

Middle Breton: bach

Breton: bac'h

Cornish: bagh

Old Welsh: bach

Middle Welsh: bach

Welsh: bach

desctree

Old Irish: bacc, bac
Middle Irish: bac (“angle, corner; hindrance”)
Irish: bac
Manx: bac
Scottish Gaelic: bac

Unknown. Historically linked to Latin baculum (“staff, rod”), presumably from Proto-Indo-European *bak-. Matasović assumes a Wanderwort origin.


ballos

ballos (nominative singular)
ballou (dual nominative)
balloi (nominative plural)
balle (singular vocative)
ballou (dual vocative)
balloi (plural vocative)
ballom (accusative singular)
ballou (accusative dual)
ballons (accusative plural)
ballī (genitive singular)
ballous (dual genitive)
ballom (genitive plural)
ballūi (dative singular)
ballobom (dative dual)
ballobos (dative plural)
ballei (locative singular)
ballū (instrumental singular)
ballobim (dual instrumental)
ballūis (instrumental plural)

Old Irish: ball

Irish: ball

Scottish Gaelic: ball

Gaulish: *ballos

⇒ Gaulish: Andonnoballos

⇒ Gaulish: Ballomarios

From Proto-Indo-European *bʰel- (“to swell”). Cognate with Ancient Greek φαλλός (phallós) and Latin follis.


bādīti

bādeyū (active first-person present singular)
bādīmam (active first-person imperfect singular)
bādīsi (active present second-person singular)
bādītās (active imperfect second-person singular)
bādīti (active present singular third-person)
bādīto (active imperfect singular third-person)
bādeyomosi (active first-person plural present)
bādīmo (active first-person imperfect plural)
bādītesi (active plural present second-person)
bādīstē (active imperfect plural second-person)
bādeyonti (active plural present third-person)
bādīnto (active imperfect plural third-person)
bādī (active imperative second-person singular)
bādītou (active imperative singular third-person)
bādeyomos (active first-person imperative plural)
bādīte (active imperative plural second-person)
bādeyontou (active imperative plural third-person)
bādeyūr (first-person passive present singular)
bādītar (passive present second-person singular)
bādītor (passive present singular third-person)
bādeyommor (first-person passive plural present)
bādīdwe (passive plural present second-person)
bādeyontor (passive plural present third-person)
bādeyonts (nominative singular)
bādeyonte (dual nominative)
bādeyontes (nominative plural)
bādeyonts (singular vocative)
bādeyonte (dual vocative)
bādeyontes (plural vocative)
bādeyontam (accusative singular)
bādeyonte (accusative dual)
bādeyontans (accusative plural)
bādeyantos (genitive singular)
bādeyantom (genitive plural)
bādeyantei (dative singular)
bādeyantbom (dative dual)
bādeyantbos (dative plural)
bādeyantī? (instrumental singular)
bādeyantbim (dual instrumental)
bādeyantbis (instrumental plural)
bādeyantī (nominative singular)
bādeyantī (dual nominative)
bādeyantiyās (nominative plural)
bādeyantī (singular vocative)
bādeyantī (dual vocative)
bādeyantiyās (plural vocative)
bādeyantīm (accusative singular)
bādeyantī (accusative dual)
bādeyantiyans (accusative plural)
bādeyantyās (genitive singular)
bādeyantyom (genitive plural)
bādeyantyāi (dative singular)
bādeyantyābom (dative dual)
bādeyantyābos (dative plural)
bādeyantyābim (dual instrumental)
bādeyantyābis (instrumental plural)
bādeyont (nominative singular)
bādeyonta (nominative plural)
bādeyont (singular vocative)
bādeyonta (plural vocative)
bādeyont (accusative singular)
bādeyonta (accusative plural)

Proto-Brythonic: *bọðid

Middle Welsh: body, bodi

Welsh: boddi

Middle Breton: beuziff

Breton: beuziñ

Middle Cornish: bedhy

Cornish: beudhi

Old Irish: báidid
Irish: báigh
Manx: baih
Scottish Gaelic: bàth

From Proto-Indo-European *gʷeh₂dʰ- (“to tread, wade”). Perhaps cognate with Ancient Greek βᾰθῠ́ς (băthŭ́s, “deep”).


sekets

sekets (nominative singular)
sekete (dual nominative)
seketes (nominative plural)
sekets (singular vocative)
sekete (dual vocative)
seketes (plural vocative)
seketam (accusative singular)
sekete (accusative dual)
seketans (accusative plural)
seketos (genitive singular)
seketou (dual genitive)
seketom (genitive plural)
seketei (dative singular)
seketobom (dative dual)
seketobos (dative plural)
seketi (locative singular)
sekete? (instrumental singular)
seketobim (dual instrumental)
seketobis (instrumental plural)

Middle Irish: seiche

Irish: seithe

From Proto-Indo-European *sek- (“to cut”).


wedos

wedos (nominative singular)
wedou (dual nominative)
wedoi (nominative plural)
wede (singular vocative)
wedou (dual vocative)
wedoi (plural vocative)
wedom (accusative singular)
wedou (accusative dual)
wedons (accusative plural)
wedī (genitive singular)
wedous (dual genitive)
wedom (genitive plural)
wedūi (dative singular)
wedobom (dative dual)
wedobos (dative plural)
wedei (locative singular)
wedū (instrumental singular)
wedobim (dual instrumental)
wedūis (instrumental plural)

Proto-Brythonic:

Middle Welsh: gwedd

Welsh: gwedd

⇒ Middle Irish: fedil, feidil

From Proto-Indo-European *wedʰ- (“to bind”).


weideti

weidū (active first-person present singular)
weidemam (active first-person imperfect singular)
wiwitsū (active first-person future singular)
wiwida (active first-person preterite singular)
weidesi (active present second-person singular)
weidetās (active imperfect second-person singular)
wiwitsesi (active future second-person singular)
wiwidas? (active preterite second-person singular)
weideti (active present singular third-person)
weideto (active imperfect singular third-person)
wiwitseti (active future singular third-person)
wiwide (active preterite singular third-person)
weidomosi (active first-person plural present)
weidemo (active first-person imperfect plural)
wiwitsomosi (active first-person future plural)
wiwidmo (active first-person plural preterite)
weidetesi (active plural present second-person)
weidestē (active imperfect plural second-person)
wiwitsetesi (active future plural second-person)
wiwisse (active plural preterite second-person)
weidonti (active plural present third-person)
weidento (active imperfect plural third-person)
wiwitsonti (active future plural third-person)
wiwidars (active plural preterite third-person)
weisū (active first-person present singular subjunctive)
weisesi (active present second-person singular subjunctive)
weide (active imperative second-person singular)
weiseti (active present singular subjunctive third-person)
weidetou (active imperative singular third-person)
weisomosi (active first-person plural present subjunctive)
weidomos (active first-person imperative plural)
weisetesi (active plural present second-person subjunctive)
weidete (active imperative plural second-person)
weisonti (active plural present subjunctive third-person)
weidontou (active imperative plural third-person)
weidūr (first-person passive present singular)
wiwitsūr (first-person future passive singular)
wiwidra (first-person passive preterite singular)
weidetar (passive present second-person singular)
wiwitsetar (future passive second-person singular)
wiwidras? (passive preterite second-person singular)
weidetor (passive present singular third-person)
wiwitsetor (future passive singular third-person)
wiwidre (passive preterite singular third-person)
weidommor (first-person passive plural present)
wiwitsommor (first-person future passive plural)
weidedwe (passive plural present second-person)
wiwitsedwe (future passive plural second-person)
weidontor (passive plural present third-person)
wiwitsontor (future passive plural third-person)
weisūr (first-person passive present singular subjunctive)
weisetar (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
weisetor (passive present singular subjunctive third-person)
weisommor (first-person passive plural present subjunctive)
weisedwe (passive plural present second-person subjunctive)
weisontor (passive plural present subjunctive third-person)
weidonts (nominative singular)
weidonte (dual nominative)
weidontes (nominative plural)
weidonts (singular vocative)
weidonte (dual vocative)
weidontes (plural vocative)
weidontam (accusative singular)
weidonte (accusative dual)
weidontans (accusative plural)
weidantos (genitive singular)
weidantom (genitive plural)
weidantei (dative singular)
weidantbom (dative dual)
weidantbos (dative plural)
weidantī? (instrumental singular)
weidantbim (dual instrumental)
weidantbis (instrumental plural)
weidantī (nominative singular)
weidantī (dual nominative)
weidantiyās (nominative plural)
weidantī (singular vocative)
weidantī (dual vocative)
weidantiyās (plural vocative)
weidantīm (accusative singular)
weidantī (accusative dual)
weidantiyans (accusative plural)
weidantyās (genitive singular)
weidantyom (genitive plural)
weidantyāi (dative singular)
weidantyābom (dative dual)
weidantyābos (dative plural)
weidantyābim (dual instrumental)
weidantyābis (instrumental plural)
weidont (nominative singular)
weidonta (nominative plural)
weidont (singular vocative)
weidonta (plural vocative)
weidont (accusative singular)
weidonta (accusative plural)
wissos (nominative singular)
wissou (dual nominative)
wissoi (nominative plural)
wisse (singular vocative)
wissou (dual vocative)
wissoi (plural vocative)
wissom (accusative singular)
wissou (accusative dual)
wissons (accusative plural)
wissī (genitive singular)
wissous (dual genitive)
wissom (genitive plural)
wissūi (dative singular)
wissobom (dative dual)
wissobos (dative plural)
wissū (instrumental singular)
wissobim (dual instrumental)
wissobis (instrumental plural)
wissā (nominative singular)
wissai (dual nominative)
wissās (nominative plural)
wissā (singular vocative)
wissai (dual vocative)
wissās (plural vocative)
wissam (accusative singular)
wissai (accusative dual)
wissans (accusative plural)
wissās (genitive singular)
wissai (dative singular)
wissābom (dative dual)
wissābos (dative plural)
wissābim (dual instrumental)
wissābis (instrumental plural)
wissom (nominative singular)
wissā (nominative plural)
wissom (singular vocative)
wissā (plural vocative)
wissā (accusative plural)

Proto-Brythonic:

⇒ Middle Welsh: amcawdd, amceudd

⇒ Old Irish: ad·fét

⇒ Old Irish: in·fét

From Proto-Indo-European *weyd- (“to perceive, see”).


wesus

wesus (nominative singular)
wesū (dual nominative)
wesowes (nominative plural)
wesu (singular vocative)
wesū (dual vocative)
wesūs (plural vocative)
wesum (accusative singular)
wesū (accusative dual)
wesuns (accusative plural)
wesous (genitive singular)
wesous (dual genitive)
wesowom (genitive plural)
wesou (dative singular)
wesubom (dative dual)
wesubos (dative plural)
wesū (instrumental singular)
wesubim (dual instrumental)
wesubis (instrumental plural)
wesu (nominative singular)
weswā (nominative plural)
weswā (plural vocative)
wesu (accusative singular)
weswā (accusative plural)

Proto-Brythonic: *gwiw

Old Breton: uuiu

Middle Breton: wiw

Old Cornish: guiu

Cornish: guiu

Middle Welsh: wiw

Welsh: gwiw

desctree

Old Irish: fíu, fiu, fiú
Irish: fiú
Manx: feeu
Scottish Gaelic: fiù

Old Irish: feib (dat.)

Gaulish: *wesus

⇒ Gaulish: *Bellowesus

→ Latin: Bellovesus

⇒ Gaulish: *Segowesus

→ Latin: Segovesus

⇒ Gaulish: *Wesuawos

→ Latin: Vesuavus

From Proto-Indo-European *h₁wésus (“excellent”). Sanskrit वसु (vásu) and Luwian 𒉿𒀀𒋗𒍑 (wa-a-šu-uš /wāsus/).


wetā

wetā (nominative singular)
wetai (dual nominative)
wetās (nominative plural)
wetā (singular vocative)
wetai (dual vocative)
wetās (plural vocative)
wetam (accusative singular)
wetai (accusative dual)
wetāns (accusative plural)
wetās (genitive singular)
wetous (dual genitive)
wetom (genitive plural)
wetāi (dative singular)
wetābom (dative dual)
wetābos (dative plural)
wetai (locative singular)
wetābim (dual instrumental)
wetābis (instrumental plural)

Proto-Brythonic: (<*wettā)

Old Breton: goed

Middle Breton: goaz, guez

Breton: gwazh

Old Cornish: guid

Middle Cornish: gwyth, goth

Middle Welsh: gwyth

Welsh: gŵyth

Middle Irish: féith

From Proto-Indo-European *weyh₁- (“to wither”).


wextom

wextom (nominative singular)
wextou (dual nominative)
wextā (nominative plural)
wextom (singular vocative)
wextou (dual vocative)
wextā (plural vocative)
wextom (accusative singular)
wextou (accusative dual)
wextā (accusative plural)
wextī (genitive singular)
wextous (dual genitive)
wextom (genitive plural)
wextūi (dative singular)
wextobom (dative dual)
wextobos (dative plural)
wextei (locative singular)
wextū (instrumental singular)
wextobim (dual instrumental)
wextūis (instrumental plural)

Proto-Brythonic: *gweiθ

Old Breton: gueid

Middle Breton: guez

Breton: gwezh

Old Cornish: gueid

Middle Cornish: gweth, gwyth

Cornish: gweyth

Middle Welsh: gweith

Welsh: gwaith

desctree

Old Irish: fecht (“time”), fect
Irish: feacht
Scottish Gaelic: feachd

Celtiberian: ueitui (dat. sg.)

From Proto-Indo-European *weǵʰ- (“to bring, to transport”).


wessis

wessis (nominative singular)
wessī (dual nominative)
wessīs (nominative plural)
wessi (singular vocative)
wessī (dual vocative)
wessīs (plural vocative)
wessim (accusative singular)
wessī (accusative dual)
wessins (accusative plural)
wesseis (genitive singular)
wessyow (dual genitive)
wessyom (genitive plural)
wessei (dative singular)
wessibom (dative dual)
wessibos (dative plural)
wessei (locative singular)
wessī (instrumental singular)
wessibim (dual instrumental)
wessibis (instrumental plural)

Proto-Brythonic:

Old Breton: guis

Middle Breton: guis, gues

Breton: gwis

Old Cornish: guis

Middle Welsh: gwys

Welsh: gwŷs

Middle Irish: feis

From Proto-Indo-European *wet- (“year”).


westā

westā (nominative singular)
westai (dual nominative)
westās (nominative plural)
westā (singular vocative)
westai (dual vocative)
westās (plural vocative)
westam (accusative singular)
westai (accusative dual)
westāns (accusative plural)
westās (genitive singular)
westous (dual genitive)
westom (genitive plural)
westāi (dative singular)
westābom (dative dual)
westābos (dative plural)
westai (locative singular)
westābim (dual instrumental)
westābis (instrumental plural)

Proto-Brythonic: *gwest

⇒ Old Breton: Orguest (personal name)

Old Cornish: gwest

Middle Welsh: gwest

desctree

Old Irish: fess, feis, feiss (original dative used as nominative)
Irish: feis
Scottish Gaelic: feis

Given it meaning both "feast" and "staying the night", this term's derivation has been disputed. It contains the suffix *-tā anyhow.
* The meaning "stay for a night" can only be from Proto-Indo-European *h₂wes- (“to dwell, spend the night”).
* The meaning "feast" is either derived from the "stay" meaning (with a feast and other entertainment assumed to be customary for inviting someone else over to one's place), or Proto-Indo-European *wes- (“to graze”).

der

staying at someone's place for the night


wesnālā

wesnālā (nominative singular)
wesnālai (dual nominative)
wesnālās (nominative plural)
wesnālā (singular vocative)
wesnālai (dual vocative)
wesnālās (plural vocative)
wesnālam (accusative singular)
wesnālai (accusative dual)
wesnālāns (accusative plural)
wesnālās (genitive singular)
wesnālous (dual genitive)
wesnālom (genitive plural)
wesnālāi (dative singular)
wesnālābom (dative dual)
wesnālābos (dative plural)
wesnālai (locative singular)
wesnālābim (dual instrumental)
wesnālābis (instrumental plural)

desctree

Proto-Brythonic: *gwennọl
Old Breton: guennol
Middle Breton: guennel
Breton: gwennel
Old Cornish: guennol
Cornish: gwennel
Middle Welsh: gwennawl
Welsh: gwennol

Old Irish: fanall

Irish: fáinleog

Scottish Gaelic: ainleag

Gaulish:

→ French: vanneau

From Proto-Indo-European *wós-r̥ ~ *wés-n̥s (“spring (season)”).


wesrakos

wesrakos (nominative singular)
wesrakou (dual nominative)
wesrakoi (nominative plural)
wesrake (singular vocative)
wesrakou (dual vocative)
wesrakoi (plural vocative)
wesrakom (accusative singular)
wesrakou (accusative dual)
wesrakons (accusative plural)
wesrakī (genitive singular)
wesrakous (dual genitive)
wesrakom (genitive plural)
wesrakūi (dative singular)
wesrakobom (dative dual)
wesrakobos (dative plural)
wesrakei (locative singular)
wesrakū (instrumental singular)
wesrakobim (dual instrumental)
wesrakūis (instrumental plural)

Old Irish: errach
Irish: earrach
Scottish Gaelic: earrach
Manx: arragh

From *wesrū + *-akos, from Proto-Indo-European *wósr̥ (“spring (season)”).


sedom

sedom (nominative singular)
sedou (dual nominative)
sedā (nominative plural)
sedom (singular vocative)
sedou (dual vocative)
sedā (plural vocative)
sedom (accusative singular)
sedou (accusative dual)
sedā (accusative plural)
sedī (genitive singular)
sedous (dual genitive)
sedom (genitive plural)
sedūi (dative singular)
sedobom (dative dual)
sedobos (dative plural)
sedei (locative singular)
sedū (instrumental singular)
sedobim (dual instrumental)
sedūis (instrumental plural)

Proto-Brythonic: *heð

Old Breton: hed

Middle Breton: hez

Breton: hez

Middle Welsh: hedd

Welsh: hedd

From Proto-Indo-European *sed- (“to sit”). Cognate with Ancient Greek ἕδος (hédos) and Latin sedes.
All the derivatives of this word indicate that the simplex originally meant "sitting" or "seat" before acquiring various specialized meanings in Brittonic.

tumulus (inhabited by supernatural beings)

annedd

Middle Welsh: anhed, annhet, anhet; Welsh


sīdos

sīdos (nominative singular)
sīdese? (dual nominative)
sīdesa (nominative plural)
sīdos (singular vocative)
sīdese? (dual vocative)
sīdesa (plural vocative)
sīdos (accusative singular)
sīdese? (accusative dual)
sīdesa (accusative plural)
sīdesos (genitive singular)
sīdesous? (dual genitive)
sīdesom (genitive plural)
sīdesei (dative singular)
sīdesbom (dative dual)
sīdesbos (dative plural)
sīdesi (locative singular)
sīdesei (instrumental singular)
sīdesbim (dual instrumental)
sīdesbis (instrumental plural)

desctree

Old Irish: síd, síth
Middle Irish: side
Irish: sí, síth
Manx: shee
Scottish Gaelic: sìth, sìdh

Gaulish: *Wirosīdon

Latin: Virosidum

From Proto-Indo-European *sed- (“to sit”). Cognate with Ancient Greek ἕδος (hédos) and Latin sedes.


sexskā

sexskā (nominative singular)
sexskai (dual nominative)
sexskās (nominative plural)
sexskā (singular vocative)
sexskai (dual vocative)
sexskās (plural vocative)
sexskam (accusative singular)
sexskai (accusative dual)
sexskāns (accusative plural)
sexskās (genitive singular)
sexskous (dual genitive)
sexskom (genitive plural)
sexskāi (dative singular)
sexskābom (dative dual)
sexskābos (dative plural)
sexskai (locative singular)
sexskābim (dual instrumental)
sexskābis (instrumental plural)

Proto-Brythonic: *hesk

Middle Breton: hesq

Breton: hesk

Cornish: heschen, hesc

Middle Welsh: hescenn

Welsh: hesg

Middle Irish: seisc

Thought to be cognate with Proto-Germanic *sagjaz (“sedge”), both perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *sek(H)- (“to cut”), either from *séks-keh₂, from se-present *sék(H)-se-ti + *-keh₂, or *sésk(H)-eh₂, from reduplicated thematic aorist *sé-sk(H)-et + *-eh₂.


sɸenyos

sɸenyos (nominative singular)
sɸenyou (dual nominative)
sɸenyoi (nominative plural)
sɸenye (singular vocative)
sɸenyou (dual vocative)
sɸenyoi (plural vocative)
sɸenyom (accusative singular)
sɸenyou (accusative dual)
sɸenyons (accusative plural)
sɸenyī (genitive singular)
sɸenyous (dual genitive)
sɸenyom (genitive plural)
sɸenyūi (dative singular)
sɸenyobom (dative dual)
sɸenyobos (dative plural)
sɸenyei (locative singular)
sɸenyū (instrumental singular)
sɸenyobim (dual instrumental)
sɸenyūis (instrumental plural)

Old Irish: sine
Irish: sine
Manx: sheeiney
Scottish Gaelic: sine
⇒ Middle Irish: triphne (“having three teats”)

From Proto-Indo-European *sptén-yo-s, from *pstḗn (“teat”).


skātos

skātos (nominative singular)
skātou (dual nominative)
skātoi (nominative plural)
skāte (singular vocative)
skātou (dual vocative)
skātoi (plural vocative)
skātom (accusative singular)
skātou (accusative dual)
skātons (accusative plural)
skātī (genitive singular)
skātous (dual genitive)
skātom (genitive plural)
skātūi (dative singular)
skātobom (dative dual)
skātobos (dative plural)
skātei (locative singular)
skātū (instrumental singular)
skātobim (dual instrumental)
skātūis (instrumental plural)

Proto-Brythonic: *skọd
Breton: skeud
Old Cornish: scod
Cornish: skeus
Middle Welsh: ysgawt
Welsh: ysgod

Old Irish: scáth
Irish: scáth
Manx: scaa
Scottish Gaelic: sgàth
⇒ Middle Irish: scáthán
Irish: scáthán

From Proto-Indo-European *(s)ḱeh₃-tó-s, from *(s)ḱeh₃- (“darkess, shadow”) + *-tós.


saitlom

saitlom (nominative singular)
saitlou (dual nominative)
saitlā (nominative plural)
saitlom (singular vocative)
saitlou (dual vocative)
saitlā (plural vocative)
saitlom (accusative singular)
saitlou (accusative dual)
saitlā (accusative plural)
saitlī (genitive singular)
saitlous (dual genitive)
saitlom (genitive plural)
saitlūi (dative singular)
saitlobom (dative dual)
saitlobos (dative plural)
saitlei (locative singular)
saitlū (instrumental singular)
saitlobim (dual instrumental)
saitlūis (instrumental plural)

Proto-Brythonic: *hoɨdl
Old Breton: hoidl
Middle Breton: hoazl
Breton: hoal
Cornish: hoedel
Middle Welsh: hoedyl
Welsh: hoedl

Gaulish: *sētlom

⇒ Gaulish: *Sētlokēnyā (+ *kēnos (“long”))

→ Latin: Sētlocēnia (female deity)

From Proto-Indo-European *sh₂éytlom (“lifespan, lifetime”).

inh

hirhoazlus

*sīrosaitlom (+ *sīros (“long”)); Middle Breton


līwos

līwos (nominative singular)
līwou (dual nominative)
līwoi (nominative plural)
līwe (singular vocative)
līwou (dual vocative)
līwoi (plural vocative)
līwom (accusative singular)
līwou (accusative dual)
līwons (accusative plural)
līwī (genitive singular)
līwous (dual genitive)
līwom (genitive plural)
līwūi (dative singular)
līwobom (dative dual)
līwobos (dative plural)
līwei (locative singular)
līwū (instrumental singular)
līwobim (dual instrumental)
līwūis (instrumental plural)

desctree

Proto-Brythonic: *lliw
Old Breton: liu, liou
Middle Breton: liu
Breton: liv
Old Cornish: liu
Middle Cornish: lyw
Cornish: liw
Old Welsh: liu
Middle Welsh: lliw
Welsh: lliw

Old Irish: lí, líi
Middle Irish: lí
Irish: lí

Gaulish: *lios

From Proto-Indo-European *(s)lih₃-wó-s, from *(s)leh₃y- + *-wós.


līwos

Old Irish: lie

From Proto-Indo-European *léh₁u-s ~ *l̥h₁w-és, from *leh₁- (“stone”). Cognate with Albanian lerë (“boulder”), Ancient Greek λᾶας (lâas, “stone”), Mycenaean Greek 𐀨𐀁𐀊 (ra-e-ja, “stone”) and possibly Old Armenian լեառն (leaṙn, “mountain”).

inh

losenge

→ Vulgar Latin: *lausanga (see there for further descendants); Old French


garsman

gar(s)man (canonical neuter)
garsman (nominative singular)
garsmane? (dual nominative)
garsmana (nominative plural)
garsman (singular vocative)
garsmane? (dual vocative)
garsmana (plural vocative)
garsman (accusative singular)
garsmane? (accusative dual)
garsmana (accusative plural)
garsmens (genitive singular)
garsmenous? (dual genitive)
garsmenom (genitive plural)
garsmenei (dative singular)
garsmembom (dative dual)
garsmembos (dative plural)
garsmen (locative singular)
garsmeni (locative singular)
garsmenei (instrumental singular)
garsmembim (dual instrumental)
garsmembis (instrumental plural)

Proto-Brythonic:

Middle Breton: garm

Breton: garm

Cornish: garm

Middle Welsh: garm

desctree

Old Irish: gairm
Irish: gairm
Scottish Gaelic: gairm

Gaulish: *garman

→ Latin: Garmanus

→ Old French: guermenter (“lament”)

→ Latin: Garmangabi

From Proto-Indo-European *ǵeh₂r- (“to call, cry”), suffixed with *-sman (action noun suffix).


garyos

garyos (nominative singular)
garyou (dual nominative)
garyoi (nominative plural)
garye (singular vocative)
garyou (dual vocative)
garyoi (plural vocative)
garyom (accusative singular)
garyou (accusative dual)
garyons (accusative plural)
garyī (genitive singular)
garyous (dual genitive)
garyom (genitive plural)
garyūi (dative singular)
garyobom (dative dual)
garyobos (dative plural)
garyei (locative singular)
garyū (instrumental singular)
garyobim (dual instrumental)
garyūis (instrumental plural)

desctree

Proto-Brythonic: *gėr
Middle Breton: guer
Breton: ger
Cornish: ger
Middle Welsh: geir
Welsh: gair

Old Irish: gair

Gaulish: adgarion (acc.sg.)

From Proto-Indo-European *ǵeh₂r- (“to call, cry”).