snadeti

snadū (active first-person present singular)
snademam (active first-person imperfect singular)
sisnātsū (active first-person future singular)
sesnāda (active first-person preterite singular)
snadesi (active present second-person singular)
snadetās (active imperfect second-person singular)
sisnātsesi (active future second-person singular)
sesnādas? (active preterite second-person singular)
snadeti (active present singular third-person)
snadeto (active imperfect singular third-person)
sisnātseti (active future singular third-person)
sesnāde (active preterite singular third-person)
snadomosi (active first-person plural present)
snademo (active first-person imperfect plural)
sisnātsomosi (active first-person future plural)
sesnādmo (active first-person plural preterite)
snadetesi (active plural present second-person)
snadestē (active imperfect plural second-person)
sisnātsetesi (active future plural second-person)
sesnāsse (active plural preterite second-person)
snadonti (active plural present third-person)
snadento (active imperfect plural third-person)
sisnātsonti (active future plural third-person)
sesnādars (active plural preterite third-person)
snātsū (active first-person present singular subjunctive)
snātsesi (active present second-person singular subjunctive)
snade (active imperative second-person singular)
snātseti (active present singular subjunctive third-person)
snadetou (active imperative singular third-person)
snātsomosi (active first-person plural present subjunctive)
snadomos (active first-person imperative plural)
snātsetesi (active plural present second-person subjunctive)
snadete (active imperative plural second-person)
snātsonti (active plural present subjunctive third-person)
snadontou (active imperative plural third-person)
snadūr (first-person passive present singular)
sisnātsūr (first-person future passive singular)
sesnādra (first-person passive preterite singular)
snadetar (passive present second-person singular)
sisnātsetar (future passive second-person singular)
sesnādras? (passive preterite second-person singular)
snadetor (passive present singular third-person)
sisnātsetor (future passive singular third-person)
sesnādre (passive preterite singular third-person)
snadommor (first-person passive plural present)
sisnātsommor (first-person future passive plural)
snadedwe (passive plural present second-person)
sisnātsedwe (future passive plural second-person)
snadontor (passive plural present third-person)
sisnātsontor (future passive plural third-person)
snātsūr (first-person passive present singular subjunctive)
snātsetar (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
snātsetor (passive present singular subjunctive third-person)
snātsommor (first-person passive plural present subjunctive)
snātsedwe (passive plural present second-person subjunctive)
snātsontor (passive plural present subjunctive third-person)
snadonts (nominative singular)
snadonte (dual nominative)
snadontes (nominative plural)
snadonts (singular vocative)
snadonte (dual vocative)
snadontes (plural vocative)
snadontam (accusative singular)
snadonte (accusative dual)
snadontans (accusative plural)
snadantos (genitive singular)
snadantom (genitive plural)
snadantei (dative singular)
snadantbom (dative dual)
snadantbos (dative plural)
snadantī? (instrumental singular)
snadantbim (dual instrumental)
snadantbis (instrumental plural)
snadantī (nominative singular)
snadantī (dual nominative)
snadantiyās (nominative plural)
snadantī (singular vocative)
snadantī (dual vocative)
snadantiyās (plural vocative)
snadantīm (accusative singular)
snadantī (accusative dual)
snadantiyans (accusative plural)
snadantyās (genitive singular)
snadantyom (genitive plural)
snadantyāi (dative singular)
snadantyābom (dative dual)
snadantyābos (dative plural)
snadantyābim (dual instrumental)
snadantyābis (instrumental plural)
snadont (nominative singular)
snadonta (nominative plural)
snadont (singular vocative)
snadonta (plural vocative)
snadont (accusative singular)
snadonta (accusative plural)
snassos (nominative singular)
snassou (dual nominative)
snassoi (nominative plural)
snasse (singular vocative)
snassou (dual vocative)
snassoi (plural vocative)
snassom (accusative singular)
snassou (accusative dual)
snassons (accusative plural)
snassī (genitive singular)
snassous (dual genitive)
snassom (genitive plural)
snassūi (dative singular)
snassobom (dative dual)
snassobos (dative plural)
snassū (instrumental singular)
snassobim (dual instrumental)
snassobis (instrumental plural)
snassā (nominative singular)
snassai (dual nominative)
snassās (nominative plural)
snassā (singular vocative)
snassai (dual vocative)
snassās (plural vocative)
snassam (accusative singular)
snassai (accusative dual)
snassans (accusative plural)
snassās (genitive singular)
snassai (dative singular)
snassābom (dative dual)
snassābos (dative plural)
snassābim (dual instrumental)
snassābis (instrumental plural)
snassom (nominative singular)
snassā (nominative plural)
snassom (singular vocative)
snassā (plural vocative)
snassā (accusative plural)

Proto-Brythonic: *nėðɨd
Welsh: naddu

Middle Irish: snaidid

Irish: snoigh

Scottish Gaelic: snaidh

⇒ Old Irish: in·snaid (“to insert”)

From Proto-Indo-European *sneh₂/₃dʰ (“to hew”). Cognate with Old High German snatta (“scar”). Alternatively, the root may be reconstructed as Proto-Indo-European *sneHd- and related to Old Norse snata (“spear”), Old High German snazo (“pike”), Russian снасть (snastʹ, “tackle, rope”).


tumīti

tumeyū (active first-person present singular)
tumīmam (active first-person imperfect singular)
tumīsi (active present second-person singular)
tumītās (active imperfect second-person singular)
tumīti (active present singular third-person)
tumīto (active imperfect singular third-person)
tumeyomosi (active first-person plural present)
tumīmo (active first-person imperfect plural)
tumītesi (active plural present second-person)
tumīstē (active imperfect plural second-person)
tumeyonti (active plural present third-person)
tumīnto (active imperfect plural third-person)
tumī (active imperative second-person singular)
tumītou (active imperative singular third-person)
tumeyomos (active first-person imperative plural)
tumīte (active imperative plural second-person)
tumeyontou (active imperative plural third-person)
tumeyūr (first-person passive present singular)
tumītar (passive present second-person singular)
tumītor (passive present singular third-person)
tumeyommor (first-person passive plural present)
tumīdwe (passive plural present second-person)
tumeyontor (passive plural present third-person)
tumeyonts (nominative singular)
tumeyonte (dual nominative)
tumeyontes (nominative plural)
tumeyonts (singular vocative)
tumeyonte (dual vocative)
tumeyontes (plural vocative)
tumeyontam (accusative singular)
tumeyonte (accusative dual)
tumeyontans (accusative plural)
tumeyantos (genitive singular)
tumeyantom (genitive plural)
tumeyantei (dative singular)
tumeyantbom (dative dual)
tumeyantbos (dative plural)
tumeyantī? (instrumental singular)
tumeyantbim (dual instrumental)
tumeyantbis (instrumental plural)
tumeyantī (nominative singular)
tumeyantī (dual nominative)
tumeyantiyās (nominative plural)
tumeyantī (singular vocative)
tumeyantī (dual vocative)
tumeyantiyās (plural vocative)
tumeyantīm (accusative singular)
tumeyantī (accusative dual)
tumeyantiyans (accusative plural)
tumeyantyās (genitive singular)
tumeyantyom (genitive plural)
tumeyantyāi (dative singular)
tumeyantyābom (dative dual)
tumeyantyābos (dative plural)
tumeyantyābim (dual instrumental)
tumeyantyābis (instrumental plural)
tumeyont (nominative singular)
tumeyonta (nominative plural)
tumeyont (singular vocative)
tumeyonta (plural vocative)
tumeyont (accusative singular)
tumeyonta (accusative plural)

desctree

Brythonic: *tüβ̃id
Old Breton: tum
Breton: teñviñ
Middle Cornish: tevy
Cornish: tevi
Welsh: tyfu

From pre-Celtic *tuméh₁yeti. Cognate with Latin tumeo.


ɸarsketi

ɸarskū (active first-person present singular)
ɸarskemam (active first-person imperfect singular)
ɸibrixsū (active first-person future singular)
ɸebroka (active first-person preterite singular)
ɸarskesi (active present second-person singular)
ɸarsketās (active imperfect second-person singular)
ɸibrixsesi (active future second-person singular)
ɸebrokas? (active preterite second-person singular)
ɸarsketi (active present singular third-person)
ɸarsketo (active imperfect singular third-person)
ɸibrixseti (active future singular third-person)
ɸebroke (active preterite singular third-person)
ɸarskomosi (active first-person plural present)
ɸarskemo (active first-person imperfect plural)
ɸibrixsomosi (active first-person future plural)
ɸebrokmo (active first-person plural preterite)
ɸarsketesi (active plural present second-person)
ɸarskestē (active imperfect plural second-person)
ɸibrixsetesi (active future plural second-person)
ɸebroxte (active plural preterite second-person)
ɸarskonti (active plural present third-person)
ɸarskento (active imperfect plural third-person)
ɸibrixsonti (active future plural third-person)
ɸebrokars (active plural preterite third-person)
ɸrexsū (active first-person present singular subjunctive)
ɸrexsesi (active present second-person singular subjunctive)
ɸarske (active imperative second-person singular)
ɸrexseti (active present singular subjunctive third-person)
ɸarsketou (active imperative singular third-person)
ɸrexsomosi (active first-person plural present subjunctive)
ɸarskomos (active first-person imperative plural)
ɸrexsetesi (active plural present second-person subjunctive)
ɸarskete (active imperative plural second-person)
ɸrexsonti (active plural present subjunctive third-person)
ɸarskontou (active imperative plural third-person)
ɸarskūr (first-person passive present singular)
ɸibrixsūr (first-person future passive singular)
ɸebrokra (first-person passive preterite singular)
ɸarsketar (passive present second-person singular)
ɸibrixsetar (future passive second-person singular)
ɸebrokras? (passive preterite second-person singular)
ɸarsketor (passive present singular third-person)
ɸibrixsetor (future passive singular third-person)
ɸebrokre (passive preterite singular third-person)
ɸarskommor (first-person passive plural present)
ɸibrixsommor (first-person future passive plural)
ɸarskedwe (passive plural present second-person)
ɸibrixsedwe (future passive plural second-person)
ɸarskontor (passive plural present third-person)
ɸibrixsontor (future passive plural third-person)
ɸrexsūr (first-person passive present singular subjunctive)
ɸrexsetar (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
ɸrexsetor (passive present singular subjunctive third-person)
ɸrexsommor (first-person passive plural present subjunctive)
ɸrexsedwe (passive plural present second-person subjunctive)
ɸrexsontor (passive plural present subjunctive third-person)
ɸarskonts (nominative singular)
ɸarskonte (dual nominative)
ɸarskontes (nominative plural)
ɸarskonts (singular vocative)
ɸarskonte (dual vocative)
ɸarskontes (plural vocative)
ɸarskontam (accusative singular)
ɸarskonte (accusative dual)
ɸarskontans (accusative plural)
ɸarskantos (genitive singular)
ɸarskantom (genitive plural)
ɸarskantei (dative singular)
ɸarskantbom (dative dual)
ɸarskantbos (dative plural)
ɸarskantī? (instrumental singular)
ɸarskantbim (dual instrumental)
ɸarskantbis (instrumental plural)
ɸarskantī (nominative singular)
ɸarskantī (dual nominative)
ɸarskantiyās (nominative plural)
ɸarskantī (singular vocative)
ɸarskantī (dual vocative)
ɸarskantiyās (plural vocative)
ɸarskantīm (accusative singular)
ɸarskantī (accusative dual)
ɸarskantiyans (accusative plural)
ɸarskantyās (genitive singular)
ɸarskantyom (genitive plural)
ɸarskantyāi (dative singular)
ɸarskantyābom (dative dual)
ɸarskantyābos (dative plural)
ɸarskantyābim (dual instrumental)
ɸarskantyābis (instrumental plural)
ɸarskont (nominative singular)
ɸarskonta (nominative plural)
ɸarskont (singular vocative)
ɸarskonta (plural vocative)
ɸarskont (accusative singular)
ɸarskonta (accusative plural)

Brythonic: *ėrxɨd (secondarily transferred to the ī-verbs)
Middle Breton: archaff
Breton: arc'hiñ
Cornish: erghi
Old Welsh: erchim (verbal noun), ercit (imperative), rit·ercis (3sg. perf.)
Middle Welsh: erchi
Welsh: erchi

Old Irish: arcu


brusnati

brusnami (active first-person present singular)
brusnamam (active first-person imperfect singular)
brusnasi (active present second-person singular)
brusnatās (active imperfect second-person singular)
brusnati (active present singular third-person)
brusnato (active imperfect singular third-person)
brusnamosi (active first-person plural present)
brusnamo (active first-person imperfect plural)
brusnatesi (active plural present second-person)
brusnastē (active imperfect plural second-person)
brusnanti (active plural present third-person)
brusnanto (active imperfect plural third-person)
brusna (active imperative second-person singular)
brusnatou (active imperative singular third-person)
brusnamos (active first-person imperative plural)
brusnate (active imperative plural second-person)
brusnantou (active imperative plural third-person)
brusnar (first-person passive present singular)
brusnatar (passive present second-person singular)
brusnator (passive present singular third-person)
brusnammor (first-person passive plural present)
brusnadwe (passive plural present second-person)
brusnantor (passive plural present third-person)
brusnants (nominative singular)
brusnante (dual nominative)
brusnantes (nominative plural)
brusnants (singular vocative)
brusnante (dual vocative)
brusnantes (plural vocative)
brusnantam (accusative singular)
brusnante (accusative dual)
brusnantans (accusative plural)
brusnantos (genitive singular)
brusnantom (genitive plural)
brusnantei (dative singular)
brusnantbom (dative dual)
brusnantbos (dative plural)
brusnantī? (instrumental singular)
brusnantbim (dual instrumental)
brusnantbis (instrumental plural)
brusnantī (nominative singular)
brusnantī (dual nominative)
brusnantiyās (nominative plural)
brusnantī (singular vocative)
brusnantī (dual vocative)
brusnantiyās (plural vocative)
brusnantīm (accusative singular)
brusnantī (accusative dual)
brusnantiyans (accusative plural)
brusnantyās (genitive singular)
brusnantyom (genitive plural)
brusnantyāi (dative singular)
brusnantyābom (dative dual)
brusnantyābos (dative plural)
brusnantyābim (dual instrumental)
brusnantyābis (instrumental plural)
brusnant (nominative singular)
brusnanta (nominative plural)
brusnant (singular vocative)
brusnanta (plural vocative)
brusnant (accusative singular)
brusnanta (accusative plural)

Old Irish: bronnaid

Irish: bronn

Scottish Gaelic: bronn, pronn

From Proto-Indo-European *bʰrus-yo-, from *bʰrews- (“to break”); related to *bruseti.


āgetor

āgūr (first-person passive present singular)
āgetar (passive present second-person singular)
āgetor (passive present singular third-person)
āgommor (first-person passive plural present)
āgedwe (passive plural present second-person)
āgontor (passive plural present third-person)
āgonts (nominative singular)
āgonte (dual nominative)
āgontes (nominative plural)
āgonts (singular vocative)
āgonte (dual vocative)
āgontes (plural vocative)
āgontam (accusative singular)
āgonte (accusative dual)
āgontans (accusative plural)
āgantos (genitive singular)
āgantom (genitive plural)
āgantei (dative singular)
āgantbom (dative dual)
āgantbos (dative plural)
āgantī? (instrumental singular)
āgantbim (dual instrumental)
āgantbis (instrumental plural)
āgantī (nominative singular)
āgantī (dual nominative)
āgantiyās (nominative plural)
āgantī (singular vocative)
āgantī (dual vocative)
āgantiyās (plural vocative)
āgantīm (accusative singular)
āgantī (accusative dual)
āgantiyans (accusative plural)
āgantyās (genitive singular)
āgantyom (genitive plural)
āgantyāi (dative singular)
āgantyābom (dative dual)
āgantyābos (dative plural)
āgantyābim (dual instrumental)
āgantyābis (instrumental plural)
āgont (nominative singular)
āgonta (nominative plural)
āgont (singular vocative)
āgonta (plural vocative)
āgont (accusative singular)
āgonta (accusative plural)

⇒ Old Irish: ad·ágathar

From Proto-Indo-European *h₂eh₂ógʰe, a stative verb reinterpreted as deponent.


kengeti

kengū (active first-person present singular)
kengemam (active first-person imperfect singular)
kikanxsū (active first-person future singular)
kekonga (active first-person preterite singular)
kengesi (active present second-person singular)
kengetās (active imperfect second-person singular)
kikanxsesi (active future second-person singular)
kekongas? (active preterite second-person singular)
kengeti (active present singular third-person)
kengeto (active imperfect singular third-person)
kikanxseti (active future singular third-person)
kekonge (active preterite singular third-person)
kengomosi (active first-person plural present)
kengemo (active first-person imperfect plural)
kikanxsomosi (active first-person future plural)
kekongmo (active first-person plural preterite)
kengetesi (active plural present second-person)
kengestē (active imperfect plural second-person)
kikanxsetesi (active future plural second-person)
kekonxte (active plural preterite second-person)
kengonti (active plural present third-person)
kengento (active imperfect plural third-person)
kikanxsonti (active future plural third-person)
kekongars (active plural preterite third-person)
kenxsū (active first-person present singular subjunctive)
kenxsesi (active present second-person singular subjunctive)
kenge (active imperative second-person singular)
kenxseti (active present singular subjunctive third-person)
kengetou (active imperative singular third-person)
kenxsomosi (active first-person plural present subjunctive)
kengomos (active first-person imperative plural)
kenxsetesi (active plural present second-person subjunctive)
kengete (active imperative plural second-person)
kenxsonti (active plural present subjunctive third-person)
kengontou (active imperative plural third-person)
kengūr (first-person passive present singular)
kikanxsūr (first-person future passive singular)
kekongra (first-person passive preterite singular)
kengetar (passive present second-person singular)
kikanxsetar (future passive second-person singular)
kekongras? (passive preterite second-person singular)
kengetor (passive present singular third-person)
kikanxsetor (future passive singular third-person)
kekongre (passive preterite singular third-person)
kengommor (first-person passive plural present)
kikanxsommor (first-person future passive plural)
kengedwe (passive plural present second-person)
kikanxsedwe (future passive plural second-person)
kengontor (passive plural present third-person)
kikanxsontor (future passive plural third-person)
kenxsūr (first-person passive present singular subjunctive)
kenxsetar (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
kenxsetor (passive present singular subjunctive third-person)
kenxsommor (first-person passive plural present subjunctive)
kenxsedwe (passive plural present second-person subjunctive)
kenxsontor (passive plural present subjunctive third-person)
kengonts (nominative singular)
kengonte (dual nominative)
kengontes (nominative plural)
kengonts (singular vocative)
kengonte (dual vocative)
kengontes (plural vocative)
kengontam (accusative singular)
kengonte (accusative dual)
kengontans (accusative plural)
kengantos (genitive singular)
kengantom (genitive plural)
kengantei (dative singular)
kengantbom (dative dual)
kengantbos (dative plural)
kengantī? (instrumental singular)
kengantbim (dual instrumental)
kengantbis (instrumental plural)
kengantī (nominative singular)
kengantī (dual nominative)
kengantiyās (nominative plural)
kengantī (singular vocative)
kengantī (dual vocative)
kengantiyās (plural vocative)
kengantīm (accusative singular)
kengantī (accusative dual)
kengantiyans (accusative plural)
kengantyās (genitive singular)
kengantyom (genitive plural)
kengantyāi (dative singular)
kengantyābom (dative dual)
kengantyābos (dative plural)
kengantyābim (dual instrumental)
kengantyābis (instrumental plural)
kengont (nominative singular)
kengonta (nominative plural)
kengont (singular vocative)
kengonta (plural vocative)
kengont (accusative singular)
kengonta (accusative plural)
kanxtos (nominative singular)
kanxtou (dual nominative)
kanxtoi (nominative plural)
kanxte (singular vocative)
kanxtou (dual vocative)
kanxtoi (plural vocative)
kanxtom (accusative singular)
kanxtou (accusative dual)
kanxtons (accusative plural)
kanxtī (genitive singular)
kanxtous (dual genitive)
kanxtom (genitive plural)
kanxtūi (dative singular)
kanxtobom (dative dual)
kanxtobos (dative plural)
kanxtū (instrumental singular)
kanxtobim (dual instrumental)
kanxtobis (instrumental plural)
kanxtā (nominative singular)
kanxtai (dual nominative)
kanxtās (nominative plural)
kanxtā (singular vocative)
kanxtai (dual vocative)
kanxtās (plural vocative)
kanxtam (accusative singular)
kanxtai (accusative dual)
kanxtans (accusative plural)
kanxtās (genitive singular)
kanxtai (dative singular)
kanxtābom (dative dual)
kanxtābos (dative plural)
kanxtābim (dual instrumental)
kanxtābis (instrumental plural)
kanxtom (nominative singular)
kanxtā (nominative plural)
kanxtom (singular vocative)
kanxtā (plural vocative)
kanxtā (accusative plural)

Old Irish: cingid, ·cing

Irish: cinn

Two major etymologies exist.
* A more modern theory derives this from Proto-Indo-European *(s)keng- (“to limp, walk lamely”), and thus cognate with Ancient Greek σκάζω (skázō) and Proto-Germanic *hinkaną.
* A traditional theory derives this verb from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰengʰ- (“to walk, step”), relating this word to Proto-Germanic *ganganą. To arrive at the Celtic form, a dissimilatory devoicing would have to be assumed.
Both etymologies suffer from flaws.
* Derivatives of *(s)keng- usually have negative connotations of lameness across Indo-European, but this is contradicted in Celtic by the derivative *kengets (“warrior”), which has heroic connotations. This forces Schumacher to posit a basic meaning "walk" for *(s)keng- and to assume that the connotations of lameness was only secondarily acquired in daughter languages.
* On the other hand, *ǵʰengʰ- requires an irregular dissimilation to be posited, even though the semantics are closer to the Celtic verb.

der

Brill Publishers
Helmut Rix
Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben

rhygyng

Middle Welsh: rygyng, rygig (“amble, walk”, noun); Welsh


kʷrināti

kʷrināmi (active first-person present singular)
kʷrinamam (active first-person imperfect singular)
kʷikʷrīsū (active first-person future singular)
kʷikʷra (active first-person preterite singular)
kʷrināsi (active present second-person singular)
kʷrinatās (active imperfect second-person singular)
kʷikʷrīsesi (active future second-person singular)
kʷikʷras? (active preterite second-person singular)
kʷrināti (active present singular third-person)
kʷrinato (active imperfect singular third-person)
kʷikʷrīseti (active future singular third-person)
kʷikʷre (active preterite singular third-person)
kʷrinamosi (active first-person plural present)
kʷrinamo (active first-person imperfect plural)
kʷikʷrīsomosi (active first-person future plural)
kʷikʷrmo (active first-person plural preterite)
kʷrinatesi (active plural present second-person)
kʷrinastē (active imperfect plural second-person)
kʷikʷrīsetesi (active future plural second-person)
kʷikʷre (active plural preterite second-person)
kʷrinanti (active plural present third-person)
kʷrinanto (active imperfect plural third-person)
kʷikʷrīsonti (active future plural third-person)
kʷikʷrars (active plural preterite third-person)
kʷreyasū (active first-person present singular subjunctive)
kʷreyasesi (active present second-person singular subjunctive)
kʷrinā (active imperative second-person singular)
kʷreyaseti (active present singular subjunctive third-person)
kʷrinātou (active imperative singular third-person)
kʷreyasomosi (active first-person plural present subjunctive)
kʷrinamos (active first-person imperative plural)
kʷreyasetesi (active plural present second-person subjunctive)
kʷrinate (active imperative plural second-person)
kʷreyasonti (active plural present subjunctive third-person)
kʷrinantou (active imperative plural third-person)
kʷrinār (first-person passive present singular)
kʷikʷrīsūr (first-person future passive singular)
kʷikʷrra (first-person passive preterite singular)
kʷrinātar (passive present second-person singular)
kʷikʷrīsetar (future passive second-person singular)
kʷikʷrras? (passive preterite second-person singular)
kʷrinātor (passive present singular third-person)
kʷikʷrīsetor (future passive singular third-person)
kʷikʷrre (passive preterite singular third-person)
kʷrinammor (first-person passive plural present)
kʷikʷrīsommor (first-person future passive plural)
kʷrinadwe (passive plural present second-person)
kʷikʷrīsedwe (future passive plural second-person)
kʷrinantor (passive plural present third-person)
kʷikʷrīsontor (future passive plural third-person)
kʷreyasūr (first-person passive present singular subjunctive)
kʷreyasetar (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
kʷreyasetor (passive present singular subjunctive third-person)
kʷreyasommor (first-person passive plural present subjunctive)
kʷreyasedwe (passive plural present second-person subjunctive)
kʷreyasontor (passive plural present subjunctive third-person)
kʷrinonts (nominative singular)
kʷrinonte (dual nominative)
kʷrinontes (nominative plural)
kʷrinonts (singular vocative)
kʷrinonte (dual vocative)
kʷrinontes (plural vocative)
kʷrinontam (accusative singular)
kʷrinonte (accusative dual)
kʷrinontans (accusative plural)
kʷrinantos (genitive singular)
kʷrinantom (genitive plural)
kʷrinantei (dative singular)
kʷrinantbom (dative dual)
kʷrinantbos (dative plural)
kʷrinantī? (instrumental singular)
kʷrinantbim (dual instrumental)
kʷrinantbis (instrumental plural)
kʷrinantī (nominative singular)
kʷrinantī (dual nominative)
kʷrinantiyās (nominative plural)
kʷrinantī (singular vocative)
kʷrinantī (dual vocative)
kʷrinantiyās (plural vocative)
kʷrinantīm (accusative singular)
kʷrinantī (accusative dual)
kʷrinantiyans (accusative plural)
kʷrinantyās (genitive singular)
kʷrinantyom (genitive plural)
kʷrinantyāi (dative singular)
kʷrinantyābom (dative dual)
kʷrinantyābos (dative plural)
kʷrinantyābim (dual instrumental)
kʷrinantyābis (instrumental plural)
kʷrinont (nominative singular)
kʷrinonta (nominative plural)
kʷrinont (singular vocative)
kʷrinonta (plural vocative)
kʷrinont (accusative singular)
kʷrinonta (accusative plural)
kʷrītos (nominative singular)
kʷrītou (dual nominative)
kʷrītoi (nominative plural)
kʷrīte (singular vocative)
kʷrītou (dual vocative)
kʷrītoi (plural vocative)
kʷrītom (accusative singular)
kʷrītou (accusative dual)
kʷrītons (accusative plural)
kʷrītī (genitive singular)
kʷrītous (dual genitive)
kʷrītom (genitive plural)
kʷrītūi (dative singular)
kʷrītobom (dative dual)
kʷrītobos (dative plural)
kʷrītū (instrumental singular)
kʷrītobim (dual instrumental)
kʷrītobis (instrumental plural)
kʷrītā (nominative singular)
kʷrītai (dual nominative)
kʷrītās (nominative plural)
kʷrītā (singular vocative)
kʷrītai (dual vocative)
kʷrītās (plural vocative)
kʷrītam (accusative singular)
kʷrītai (accusative dual)
kʷrītans (accusative plural)
kʷrītās (genitive singular)
kʷrītai (dative singular)
kʷrītābom (dative dual)
kʷrītābos (dative plural)
kʷrītābim (dual instrumental)
kʷrītābis (instrumental plural)
kʷrītom (nominative singular)
kʷrītā (nominative plural)
kʷrītom (singular vocative)
kʷrītā (plural vocative)
kʷrītā (accusative plural)

desctree

Brythonic: *prɨnad
Old Breton: prenaff
Breton: prenañ
Old Cornish: prinid
Middle Cornish: prenne
Cornish: prena, perna
Middle Welsh: prynnu
Welsh: prynu

Old Irish: crenaid

Irish: crean (“obtain, purchase”)

From Proto-Indo-European *kʷri-né-h₂-ti ~ *kʷri-n-h₂-énti.


damyeti

damyū (active first-person present singular)
damyemam (active first-person imperfect singular)
didmāsū (active first-person future singular)
damyesi (active present second-person singular)
damyetās (active imperfect second-person singular)
didmāsesi (active future second-person singular)
damyeti (active present singular third-person)
damyeto (active imperfect singular third-person)
didmāseti (active future singular third-person)
damyomosi (active first-person plural present)
damyemo (active first-person imperfect plural)
didmāsomosi (active first-person future plural)
damyetesi (active plural present second-person)
damyestē (active imperfect plural second-person)
didmāsetesi (active future plural second-person)
damyonti (active plural present third-person)
damyento (active imperfect plural third-person)
didmāsonti (active future plural third-person)
damasū (active first-person present singular subjunctive)
damasesi (active present second-person singular subjunctive)
damye (active imperative second-person singular)
damaseti (active present singular subjunctive third-person)
damyetou (active imperative singular third-person)
damasomosi (active first-person plural present subjunctive)
damyomos (active first-person imperative plural)
damasetesi (active plural present second-person subjunctive)
damyete (active imperative plural second-person)
damasonti (active plural present subjunctive third-person)
damyontou (active imperative plural third-person)
damyūr (first-person passive present singular)
didmāsūr (first-person future passive singular)
damyetar (passive present second-person singular)
didmāsetar (future passive second-person singular)
damyetor (passive present singular third-person)
didmāsetor (future passive singular third-person)
damyommor (first-person passive plural present)
didmāsommor (first-person future passive plural)
damyedwe (passive plural present second-person)
didmāsedwe (future passive plural second-person)
damyontor (passive plural present third-person)
didmāsontor (future passive plural third-person)
damasūr (first-person passive present singular subjunctive)
damasetar (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
damasetor (passive present singular subjunctive third-person)
damasommor (first-person passive plural present subjunctive)
damasedwe (passive plural present second-person subjunctive)
damasontor (passive plural present subjunctive third-person)
damyonts (nominative singular)
damyonte (dual nominative)
damyontes (nominative plural)
damyonts (singular vocative)
damyonte (dual vocative)
damyontes (plural vocative)
damyontam (accusative singular)
damyonte (accusative dual)
damyontans (accusative plural)
damyantos (genitive singular)
damyantom (genitive plural)
damyantei (dative singular)
damyantbom (dative dual)
damyantbos (dative plural)
damyantī? (instrumental singular)
damyantbim (dual instrumental)
damyantbis (instrumental plural)
damyantī (nominative singular)
damyantī (dual nominative)
damyantiyās (nominative plural)
damyantī (singular vocative)
damyantī (dual vocative)
damyantiyās (plural vocative)
damyantīm (accusative singular)
damyantī (accusative dual)
damyantiyans (accusative plural)
damyantyās (genitive singular)
damyantyom (genitive plural)
damyantyāi (dative singular)
damyantyābom (dative dual)
damyantyābos (dative plural)
damyantyābim (dual instrumental)
damyantyābis (instrumental plural)
damyont (nominative singular)
damyonta (nominative plural)
damyont (singular vocative)
damyonta (plural vocative)
damyont (accusative singular)
damyonta (accusative plural)
dantos (nominative singular)
dantou (dual nominative)
dantoi (nominative plural)
dante (singular vocative)
dantou (dual vocative)
dantoi (plural vocative)
dantom (accusative singular)
dantou (accusative dual)
dantons (accusative plural)
dantī (genitive singular)
dantous (dual genitive)
dantom (genitive plural)
dantūi (dative singular)
dantobom (dative dual)
dantobos (dative plural)
dantū (instrumental singular)
dantobim (dual instrumental)
dantobis (instrumental plural)
dantā (nominative singular)
dantai (dual nominative)
dantās (nominative plural)
dantā (singular vocative)
dantai (dual vocative)
dantās (plural vocative)
dantam (accusative singular)
dantai (accusative dual)
dantans (accusative plural)
dantās (genitive singular)
dantai (dative singular)
dantābom (dative dual)
dantābos (dative plural)
dantābim (dual instrumental)
dantābis (instrumental plural)
dantom (nominative singular)
dantā (nominative plural)
dantom (singular vocative)
dantā (plural vocative)
dantā (accusative plural)

Old Irish: daimid

From Proto-Indo-European *demh₂- (“to tame”).


dligeti

dligū (active first-person present singular)
dligemam (active first-person imperfect singular)
didlixsū (active first-person future singular)
dligam (active first-person preterite singular)
dligesi (active present second-person singular)
dligetās (active imperfect second-person singular)
didlixsesi (active future second-person singular)
dlixs (active preterite second-person singular)
dligeti (active present singular third-person)
dligeto (active imperfect singular third-person)
didlixseti (active future singular third-person)
dlixt (active preterite singular third-person)
dligomosi (active first-person plural present)
dligemo (active first-person imperfect plural)
didlixsomosi (active first-person future plural)
dligme (active first-person plural preterite)
dligetesi (active plural present second-person)
dligestē (active imperfect plural second-person)
didlixsetesi (active future plural second-person)
dlixte (active plural preterite second-person)
dligonti (active plural present third-person)
dligento (active imperfect plural third-person)
didlixsonti (active future plural third-person)
dligant (active plural preterite third-person)
dlexsū (active first-person present singular subjunctive)
dlexsesi (active present second-person singular subjunctive)
dlige (active imperative second-person singular)
dlexseti (active present singular subjunctive third-person)
dligetou (active imperative singular third-person)
dlexsomosi (active first-person plural present subjunctive)
dligomos (active first-person imperative plural)
dlexsetesi (active plural present second-person subjunctive)
dligete (active imperative plural second-person)
dlexsonti (active plural present subjunctive third-person)
dligontou (active imperative plural third-person)
dligūr (first-person passive present singular)
didlixsūr (first-person future passive singular)
dligetar (passive present second-person singular)
didlixsetar (future passive second-person singular)
dligetor (passive present singular third-person)
didlixsetor (future passive singular third-person)
dligommor (first-person passive plural present)
didlixsommor (first-person future passive plural)
dligedwe (passive plural present second-person)
didlixsedwe (future passive plural second-person)
dligontor (passive plural present third-person)
didlixsontor (future passive plural third-person)
dliganto (passive plural preterite third-person)
dlexsūr (first-person passive present singular subjunctive)
dlexsetar (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
dlexsetor (passive present singular subjunctive third-person)
dlexsommor (first-person passive plural present subjunctive)
dlexsedwe (passive plural present second-person subjunctive)
dlexsontor (passive plural present subjunctive third-person)
dligonts (nominative singular)
dligonte (dual nominative)
dligontes (nominative plural)
dligonts (singular vocative)
dligonte (dual vocative)
dligontes (plural vocative)
dligontam (accusative singular)
dligonte (accusative dual)
dligontans (accusative plural)
dligantos (genitive singular)
dligantom (genitive plural)
dligantei (dative singular)
dligantbom (dative dual)
dligantbos (dative plural)
dligantī? (instrumental singular)
dligantbim (dual instrumental)
dligantbis (instrumental plural)
dligantī (nominative singular)
dligantī (dual nominative)
dligantiyās (nominative plural)
dligantī (singular vocative)
dligantī (dual vocative)
dligantiyās (plural vocative)
dligantīm (accusative singular)
dligantī (accusative dual)
dligantiyans (accusative plural)
dligantyās (genitive singular)
dligantyom (genitive plural)
dligantyāi (dative singular)
dligantyābom (dative dual)
dligantyābos (dative plural)
dligantyābim (dual instrumental)
dligantyābis (instrumental plural)
dligont (nominative singular)
dligonta (nominative plural)
dligont (singular vocative)
dligonta (plural vocative)
dligont (accusative singular)
dligonta (accusative plural)
dlixtos (nominative singular)
dlixtou (dual nominative)
dlixtoi (nominative plural)
dlixte (singular vocative)
dlixtou (dual vocative)
dlixtoi (plural vocative)
dlixtom (accusative singular)
dlixtou (accusative dual)
dlixtons (accusative plural)
dlixtī (genitive singular)
dlixtous (dual genitive)
dlixtom (genitive plural)
dlixtūi (dative singular)
dlixtobom (dative dual)
dlixtobos (dative plural)
dlixtū (instrumental singular)
dlixtobim (dual instrumental)
dlixtobis (instrumental plural)
dlixtā (nominative singular)
dlixtai (dual nominative)
dlixtās (nominative plural)
dlixtā (singular vocative)
dlixtai (dual vocative)
dlixtās (plural vocative)
dlixtam (accusative singular)
dlixtai (accusative dual)
dlixtans (accusative plural)
dlixtās (genitive singular)
dlixtai (dative singular)
dlixtābom (dative dual)
dlixtābos (dative plural)
dlixtābim (dual instrumental)
dlixtābis (instrumental plural)
dlixtom (nominative singular)
dlixtā (nominative plural)
dlixtom (singular vocative)
dlixtā (plural vocative)
dlixtā (accusative plural)

Proto-Brythonic: *dɨlɣɨd

Middle Breton: dleout (“must”)

Breton: dleout

Middle Cornish: dylly

Cornish: tyli (“to owe”)

desc

Middle Welsh: dylyu, dlyu (“to be entitled to; to be obligated to”)

Welsh: dylu (“ought”)

desctree

Old Irish: dligid (“to be entitled to”)
Irish: dligh
Scottish Gaelic: dligh

From Proto-Indo-European *dʰlégʰ-ti ~ *dʰl̥gʰ-énti, from *dʰlegʰ- (“to be entitled to, to be obligated to”).


glanndeti

glanndū (active first-person present singular)
glanndemam (active first-person imperfect singular)
giglantsū (active first-person future singular)
geglonda (active first-person preterite singular)
glanndesi (active present second-person singular)
glanndetās (active imperfect second-person singular)
giglantsesi (active future second-person singular)
geglondas? (active preterite second-person singular)
glanndeti (active present singular third-person)
glanndeto (active imperfect singular third-person)
giglantseti (active future singular third-person)
geglonde (active preterite singular third-person)
glanndomosi (active first-person plural present)
glanndemo (active first-person imperfect plural)
giglantsomosi (active first-person future plural)
geglondmo (active first-person plural preterite)
glanndetesi (active plural present second-person)
glanndestē (active imperfect plural second-person)
giglantsetesi (active future plural second-person)
geglonsse (active plural preterite second-person)
glanndonti (active plural present third-person)
glanndento (active imperfect plural third-person)
giglantsonti (active future plural third-person)
geglondars (active plural preterite third-person)
glentsū (active first-person present singular subjunctive)
glentsesi (active present second-person singular subjunctive)
glannde (active imperative second-person singular)
glentseti (active present singular subjunctive third-person)
glanndetou (active imperative singular third-person)
glentsomosi (active first-person plural present subjunctive)
glanndomos (active first-person imperative plural)
glentsetesi (active plural present second-person subjunctive)
glanndete (active imperative plural second-person)
glentsonti (active plural present subjunctive third-person)
glanndontou (active imperative plural third-person)
glanndūr (first-person passive present singular)
giglantsūr (first-person future passive singular)
geglondra (first-person passive preterite singular)
glanndetar (passive present second-person singular)
giglantsetar (future passive second-person singular)
geglondras? (passive preterite second-person singular)
glanndetor (passive present singular third-person)
giglantsetor (future passive singular third-person)
geglondre (passive preterite singular third-person)
glanndommor (first-person passive plural present)
giglantsommor (first-person future passive plural)
glanndedwe (passive plural present second-person)
giglantsedwe (future passive plural second-person)
glanndontor (passive plural present third-person)
giglantsontor (future passive plural third-person)
glentsūr (first-person passive present singular subjunctive)
glentsetar (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
glentsetor (passive present singular subjunctive third-person)
glentsommor (first-person passive plural present subjunctive)
glentsedwe (passive plural present second-person subjunctive)
glentsontor (passive plural present subjunctive third-person)
glanndonts (nominative singular)
glanndonte (dual nominative)
glanndontes (nominative plural)
glanndonts (singular vocative)
glanndonte (dual vocative)
glanndontes (plural vocative)
glanndontam (accusative singular)
glanndonte (accusative dual)
glanndontans (accusative plural)
glanndantos (genitive singular)
glanndantom (genitive plural)
glanndantei (dative singular)
glanndantbom (dative dual)
glanndantbos (dative plural)
glanndantī? (instrumental singular)
glanndantbim (dual instrumental)
glanndantbis (instrumental plural)
glanndantī (nominative singular)
glanndantī (dual nominative)
glanndantiyās (nominative plural)
glanndantī (singular vocative)
glanndantī (dual vocative)
glanndantiyās (plural vocative)
glanndantīm (accusative singular)
glanndantī (accusative dual)
glanndantiyans (accusative plural)
glanndantyās (genitive singular)
glanndantyom (genitive plural)
glanndantyāi (dative singular)
glanndantyābom (dative dual)
glanndantyābos (dative plural)
glanndantyābim (dual instrumental)
glanndantyābis (instrumental plural)
glanndont (nominative singular)
glanndonta (nominative plural)
glanndont (singular vocative)
glanndonta (plural vocative)
glanndont (accusative singular)
glanndonta (accusative plural)
glansos (nominative singular)
glansou (dual nominative)
glansoi (nominative plural)
glanse (singular vocative)
glansou (dual vocative)
glansoi (plural vocative)
glansom (accusative singular)
glansou (accusative dual)
glansons (accusative plural)
glansī (genitive singular)
glansous (dual genitive)
glansom (genitive plural)
glansūi (dative singular)
glansobom (dative dual)
glansobos (dative plural)
glansū (instrumental singular)
glansobim (dual instrumental)
glansobis (instrumental plural)
glansā (nominative singular)
glansai (dual nominative)
glansās (nominative plural)
glansā (singular vocative)
glansai (dual vocative)
glansās (plural vocative)
glansam (accusative singular)
glansai (accusative dual)
glansans (accusative plural)
glansās (genitive singular)
glansai (dative singular)
glansābom (dative dual)
glansābos (dative plural)
glansābim (dual instrumental)
glansābis (instrumental plural)
glansom (nominative singular)
glansā (nominative plural)
glansom (singular vocative)
glansā (plural vocative)
glansā (accusative plural)

Old Irish: ·gleinn

From Proto-Indo-European Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰlendʰ- (“show, shine”).


gniyeti

gniyū (active first-person present singular)
gniyemam (active first-person imperfect singular)
gignāsū (active first-person future singular)
gegnū (active first-person preterite singular)
gniyesi (active present second-person singular)
gniyetās (active imperfect second-person singular)
gignāsesi (active future second-person singular)
gegnūs (active preterite second-person singular)
gniyeti (active present singular third-person)
gniyeto (active imperfect singular third-person)
gignāseti (active future singular third-person)
gegnū (active preterite singular third-person)
gniyomosi (active first-person plural present)
gniyemo (active first-person imperfect plural)
gignāsomosi (active first-person future plural)
gegnamo (active first-person plural preterite)
gniyetesi (active plural present second-person)
gniyestē (active imperfect plural second-person)
gignāsetesi (active future plural second-person)
gegnate (active plural preterite second-person)
gniyonti (active plural present third-person)
gniyento (active imperfect plural third-person)
gignāsonti (active future plural third-person)
gegnars (active plural preterite third-person)
gnīsū (active first-person present singular subjunctive)
gnīsesi (active present second-person singular subjunctive)
gniye (active imperative second-person singular)
gnīseti (active present singular subjunctive third-person)
gniyetou (active imperative singular third-person)
gnīsomosi (active first-person plural present subjunctive)
gniyomos (active first-person imperative plural)
gnīsetesi (active plural present second-person subjunctive)
gniyete (active imperative plural second-person)
gnīsonti (active plural present subjunctive third-person)
gniyontou (active imperative plural third-person)
gniyūr (first-person passive present singular)
gignāsūr (first-person future passive singular)
gniyetar (passive present second-person singular)
gignāsetar (future passive second-person singular)
gniyetor (passive present singular third-person)
gignāsetor (future passive singular third-person)
gniyommor (first-person passive plural present)
gignāsommor (first-person future passive plural)
gniyedwe (passive plural present second-person)
gignāsedwe (future passive plural second-person)
gniyontor (passive plural present third-person)
gignāsontor (future passive plural third-person)
gnīsūr (first-person passive present singular subjunctive)
gnīsetar (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
gnīsetor (passive present singular subjunctive third-person)
gnīsommor (first-person passive plural present subjunctive)
gnīsedwe (passive plural present second-person subjunctive)
gnīsontor (passive plural present subjunctive third-person)
gniyonts (nominative singular)
gniyonte (dual nominative)
gniyontes (nominative plural)
gniyonts (singular vocative)
gniyonte (dual vocative)
gniyontes (plural vocative)
gniyontam (accusative singular)
gniyonte (accusative dual)
gniyontans (accusative plural)
gniyantos (genitive singular)
gniyantom (genitive plural)
gniyantei (dative singular)
gniyantbom (dative dual)
gniyantbos (dative plural)
gniyantī? (instrumental singular)
gniyantbim (dual instrumental)
gniyantbis (instrumental plural)
gniyantī (nominative singular)
gniyantī (dual nominative)
gniyantiyās (nominative plural)
gniyantī (singular vocative)
gniyantī (dual vocative)
gniyantiyās (plural vocative)
gniyantīm (accusative singular)
gniyantī (accusative dual)
gniyantiyans (accusative plural)
gniyantyās (genitive singular)
gniyantyom (genitive plural)
gniyantyāi (dative singular)
gniyantyābom (dative dual)
gniyantyābos (dative plural)
gniyantyābim (dual instrumental)
gniyantyābis (instrumental plural)
gniyont (nominative singular)
gniyonta (nominative plural)
gniyont (singular vocative)
gniyonta (plural vocative)
gniyont (accusative singular)
gniyonta (accusative plural)
gnatos (nominative singular)
gnatou (dual nominative)
gnatoi (nominative plural)
gnate (singular vocative)
gnatou (dual vocative)
gnatoi (plural vocative)
gnatom (accusative singular)
gnatou (accusative dual)
gnatons (accusative plural)
gnatī (genitive singular)
gnatous (dual genitive)
gnatom (genitive plural)
gnatūi (dative singular)
gnatobom (dative dual)
gnatobos (dative plural)
gnatū (instrumental singular)
gnatobim (dual instrumental)
gnatobis (instrumental plural)
gnatā (nominative singular)
gnatai (dual nominative)
gnatās (nominative plural)
gnatā (singular vocative)
gnatai (dual vocative)
gnatās (plural vocative)
gnatam (accusative singular)
gnatai (accusative dual)
gnatans (accusative plural)
gnatās (genitive singular)
gnatai (dative singular)
gnatābom (dative dual)
gnatābos (dative plural)
gnatābim (dual instrumental)
gnatābis (instrumental plural)
gnatom (nominative singular)
gnatā (nominative plural)
gnatom (singular vocative)
gnatā (plural vocative)
gnatā (accusative plural)

Old Irish: gníid, ·gní

From Proto-Indo-European *ǵenh₁- (“to beget”).


lungeti

lungū (active first-person present singular)
lungemam (active first-person imperfect singular)
liluxsū (active first-person future singular)
lelouga (active first-person preterite singular)
lungesi (active present second-person singular)
lungetās (active imperfect second-person singular)
liluxsesi (active future second-person singular)
lelougas? (active preterite second-person singular)
lungeti (active present singular third-person)
lungeto (active imperfect singular third-person)
liluxseti (active future singular third-person)
lelouge (active preterite singular third-person)
lungomosi (active first-person plural present)
lungemo (active first-person imperfect plural)
liluxsomosi (active first-person future plural)
lelougmo (active first-person plural preterite)
lungetesi (active plural present second-person)
lungestē (active imperfect plural second-person)
liluxsetesi (active future plural second-person)
lelouxte (active plural preterite second-person)
lungonti (active plural present third-person)
lungento (active imperfect plural third-person)
liluxsonti (active future plural third-person)
lelougars (active plural preterite third-person)
lounxsū (active first-person present singular subjunctive)
lounxsesi (active present second-person singular subjunctive)
lunge (active imperative second-person singular)
lounxseti (active present singular subjunctive third-person)
lungetou (active imperative singular third-person)
lounxsomosi (active first-person plural present subjunctive)
lungomos (active first-person imperative plural)
lounxsetesi (active plural present second-person subjunctive)
lungete (active imperative plural second-person)
lounxsonti (active plural present subjunctive third-person)
lungontou (active imperative plural third-person)
lungūr (first-person passive present singular)
liluxsūr (first-person future passive singular)
lelougra (first-person passive preterite singular)
lungetar (passive present second-person singular)
liluxsetar (future passive second-person singular)
lelougras? (passive preterite second-person singular)
lungetor (passive present singular third-person)
liluxsetor (future passive singular third-person)
lelougre (passive preterite singular third-person)
lungommor (first-person passive plural present)
liluxsommor (first-person future passive plural)
lungedwe (passive plural present second-person)
liluxsedwe (future passive plural second-person)
lungontor (passive plural present third-person)
liluxsontor (future passive plural third-person)
lounxsūr (first-person passive present singular subjunctive)
lounxsetar (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
lounxsetor (passive present singular subjunctive third-person)
lounxsommor (first-person passive plural present subjunctive)
lounxsedwe (passive plural present second-person subjunctive)
lounxsontor (passive plural present subjunctive third-person)
lungonts (nominative singular)
lungonte (dual nominative)
lungontes (nominative plural)
lungonts (singular vocative)
lungonte (dual vocative)
lungontes (plural vocative)
lungontam (accusative singular)
lungonte (accusative dual)
lungontans (accusative plural)
lungantos (genitive singular)
lungantom (genitive plural)
lungantei (dative singular)
lungantbom (dative dual)
lungantbos (dative plural)
lungantī? (instrumental singular)
lungantbim (dual instrumental)
lungantbis (instrumental plural)
lungantī (nominative singular)
lungantī (dual nominative)
lungantiyās (nominative plural)
lungantī (singular vocative)
lungantī (dual vocative)
lungantiyās (plural vocative)
lungantīm (accusative singular)
lungantī (accusative dual)
lungantiyans (accusative plural)
lungantyās (genitive singular)
lungantyom (genitive plural)
lungantyāi (dative singular)
lungantyābom (dative dual)
lungantyābos (dative plural)
lungantyābim (dual instrumental)
lungantyābis (instrumental plural)
lungont (nominative singular)
lungonta (nominative plural)
lungont (singular vocative)
lungonta (plural vocative)
lungont (accusative singular)
lungonta (accusative plural)
luxtos (nominative singular)
luxtou (dual nominative)
luxtoi (nominative plural)
luxte (singular vocative)
luxtou (dual vocative)
luxtoi (plural vocative)
luxtom (accusative singular)
luxtou (accusative dual)
luxtons (accusative plural)
luxtī (genitive singular)
luxtous (dual genitive)
luxtom (genitive plural)
luxtūi (dative singular)
luxtobom (dative dual)
luxtobos (dative plural)
luxtū (instrumental singular)
luxtobim (dual instrumental)
luxtobis (instrumental plural)
luxtā (nominative singular)
luxtai (dual nominative)
luxtās (nominative plural)
luxtā (singular vocative)
luxtai (dual vocative)
luxtās (plural vocative)
luxtam (accusative singular)
luxtai (accusative dual)
luxtans (accusative plural)
luxtās (genitive singular)
luxtai (dative singular)
luxtābom (dative dual)
luxtābos (dative plural)
luxtābim (dual instrumental)
luxtābis (instrumental plural)
luxtom (nominative singular)
luxtā (nominative plural)
luxtom (singular vocative)
luxtā (plural vocative)
luxtā (accusative plural)

Gaulish: lunget

From Proto-Indo-European *lewg- (“to bend”). Cognate with Latin luctor (“to wrestle”) and Old English lūcan (“to lock”).

Proto-Brythonic: *ėllüngɨdOld Welsh: ellyngyMiddle Welsh: ellwng

Old Irish: fo·loingIrish: fulaingScottish Gaelic: fuiling


manyetor

manyūr (first-person passive present singular)
memonra (first-person passive preterite singular)
manyetar (passive present second-person singular)
memonras? (passive preterite second-person singular)
manyetor (passive present singular third-person)
memonre (passive preterite singular third-person)
manyommor (first-person passive plural present)
manyedwe (passive plural present second-person)
manyontor (passive plural present third-person)
menasūr (first-person passive present singular subjunctive)
menasetar (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
menasetor (passive present singular subjunctive third-person)
menasommor (first-person passive plural present subjunctive)
menasedwe (passive plural present second-person subjunctive)
menasontor (passive plural present subjunctive third-person)
manyonts (nominative singular)
manyonte (dual nominative)
manyontes (nominative plural)
manyonts (singular vocative)
manyonte (dual vocative)
manyontes (plural vocative)
manyontam (accusative singular)
manyonte (accusative dual)
manyontans (accusative plural)
manyantos (genitive singular)
manyantom (genitive plural)
manyantei (dative singular)
manyantbom (dative dual)
manyantbos (dative plural)
manyantī? (instrumental singular)
manyantbim (dual instrumental)
manyantbis (instrumental plural)
manyantī (nominative singular)
manyantī (dual nominative)
manyantiyās (nominative plural)
manyantī (singular vocative)
manyantī (dual vocative)
manyantiyās (plural vocative)
manyantīm (accusative singular)
manyantī (accusative dual)
manyantiyans (accusative plural)
manyantyās (genitive singular)
manyantyom (genitive plural)
manyantyāi (dative singular)
manyantyābom (dative dual)
manyantyābos (dative plural)
manyantyābim (dual instrumental)
manyantyābis (instrumental plural)
manyont (nominative singular)
manyonta (nominative plural)
manyont (singular vocative)
manyonta (plural vocative)
manyont (accusative singular)
manyonta (accusative plural)
mantos (nominative singular)
mantou (dual nominative)
mantoi (nominative plural)
mante (singular vocative)
mantou (dual vocative)
mantoi (plural vocative)
mantom (accusative singular)
mantou (accusative dual)
mantons (accusative plural)
mantī (genitive singular)
mantous (dual genitive)
mantom (genitive plural)
mantūi (dative singular)
mantobom (dative dual)
mantobos (dative plural)
mantū (instrumental singular)
mantobim (dual instrumental)
mantobis (instrumental plural)
mantā (nominative singular)
mantai (dual nominative)
mantās (nominative plural)
mantā (singular vocative)
mantai (dual vocative)
mantās (plural vocative)
mantam (accusative singular)
mantai (accusative dual)
mantans (accusative plural)
mantās (genitive singular)
mantai (dative singular)
mantābom (dative dual)
mantābos (dative plural)
mantābim (dual instrumental)
mantābis (instrumental plural)
mantom (nominative singular)
mantā (nominative plural)
mantom (singular vocative)
mantā (plural vocative)
mantā (accusative plural)

Old Irish: ·muinethar

From Proto-Indo-European *mn̥-yé-tor, present deponent of *men- (“think”).

Old Irish: admatIrish: adhmad ()Manx: aamaid ()


rīmā

rīmā (nominative singular)
rīmai (dual nominative)
rīmās (nominative plural)
rīmā (singular vocative)
rīmai (dual vocative)
rīmās (plural vocative)
rīmam (accusative singular)
rīmai (accusative dual)
rīmāns (accusative plural)
rīmās (genitive singular)
rīmous (dual genitive)
rīmom (genitive plural)
rīmāi (dative singular)
rīmābom (dative dual)
rīmābos (dative plural)
rīmai (locative singular)
rīmābim (dual instrumental)
rīmābis (instrumental plural)

desctree

Proto-Brythonic: *rriβ̃
Cornish: riv
Welsh: rhif

Old Irish: rím
Irish: ríomh

From Proto-Indo-European *h₂rey- (“to count, reason, think”). Cognate with Proto-Germanic *rīmą (“calculation, number”).


snigʷyeti

snigʷyū (active first-person present singular)
snigʷyemam (active first-person imperfect singular)
sisnixsū (active first-person future singular)
sisnoigʷa (active first-person preterite singular)
snigʷyesi (active present second-person singular)
snigʷyetās (active imperfect second-person singular)
sisnixsesi (active future second-person singular)
sisnoigʷas? (active preterite second-person singular)
snigʷyeti (active present singular third-person)
snigʷyeto (active imperfect singular third-person)
sisnixseti (active future singular third-person)
sisnoigʷe (active preterite singular third-person)
snigʷyomosi (active first-person plural present)
snigʷyemo (active first-person imperfect plural)
sisnixsomosi (active first-person future plural)
sisnoigʷmo (active first-person plural preterite)
snigʷyetesi (active plural present second-person)
snigʷyestē (active imperfect plural second-person)
sisnixsetesi (active future plural second-person)
sisnoigʷe (active plural preterite second-person)
snigʷyonti (active plural present third-person)
snigʷyento (active imperfect plural third-person)
sisnixsonti (active future plural third-person)
sisnoigʷars (active plural preterite third-person)
snēxsū (active first-person present singular subjunctive)
snēxsesi (active present second-person singular subjunctive)
snigʷye (active imperative second-person singular)
snēxseti (active present singular subjunctive third-person)
snigʷyetou (active imperative singular third-person)
snēxsomosi (active first-person plural present subjunctive)
snigʷyomos (active first-person imperative plural)
snēxsetesi (active plural present second-person subjunctive)
snigʷyete (active imperative plural second-person)
snēxsonti (active plural present subjunctive third-person)
snigʷyontou (active imperative plural third-person)
snigʷyonts (nominative singular)
snigʷyonte (dual nominative)
snigʷyontes (nominative plural)
snigʷyonts (singular vocative)
snigʷyonte (dual vocative)
snigʷyontes (plural vocative)
snigʷyontam (accusative singular)
snigʷyonte (accusative dual)
snigʷyontans (accusative plural)
snigʷyantos (genitive singular)
snigʷyantom (genitive plural)
snigʷyantei (dative singular)
snigʷyantbom (dative dual)
snigʷyantbos (dative plural)
snigʷyantī? (instrumental singular)
snigʷyantbim (dual instrumental)
snigʷyantbis (instrumental plural)
snigʷyantī (nominative singular)
snigʷyantī (dual nominative)
snigʷyantiyās (nominative plural)
snigʷyantī (singular vocative)
snigʷyantī (dual vocative)
snigʷyantiyās (plural vocative)
snigʷyantīm (accusative singular)
snigʷyantī (accusative dual)
snigʷyantiyans (accusative plural)
snigʷyantyās (genitive singular)
snigʷyantyom (genitive plural)
snigʷyantyāi (dative singular)
snigʷyantyābom (dative dual)
snigʷyantyābos (dative plural)
snigʷyantyābim (dual instrumental)
snigʷyantyābis (instrumental plural)
snigʷyont (nominative singular)
snigʷyonta (nominative plural)
snigʷyont (singular vocative)
snigʷyonta (plural vocative)
snigʷyont (accusative singular)
snigʷyonta (accusative plural)

Proto-Brythonic: *snigjɨd

⇒? Middle Welsh: nyf (“snow”)

desctree

Old Irish: snigid (“to flow, drip”)
Middle Irish: snigid
Irish: snigh

From Proto-Indo-European *snigʷʰ-ye-ti (“to stick to”), from *sneygʷʰ-.


trummos

trummos (nominative singular)
trummou (dual nominative)
trummoi (nominative plural)
trumme (singular vocative)
trummou (dual vocative)
trummoi (plural vocative)
trummom (accusative singular)
trummou (accusative dual)
trummons (accusative plural)
trummī (genitive singular)
trummous (dual genitive)
trummom (genitive plural)
trummūi (dative singular)
trummobom (dative dual)
trummobos (dative plural)
trummū (instrumental singular)
trummobim (dual instrumental)
trummobis (instrumental plural)
trummā (nominative singular)
trummai (dual nominative)
trummās (nominative plural)
trummā (singular vocative)
trummai (dual vocative)
trummās (plural vocative)
trummam (accusative singular)
trummai (accusative dual)
trummans (accusative plural)
trummās (genitive singular)
trummai (dative singular)
trummābom (dative dual)
trummābos (dative plural)
trummābim (dual instrumental)
trummābis (instrumental plural)
trummom (nominative singular)
trummā (nominative plural)
trummom (singular vocative)
trummā (plural vocative)
trummā (accusative plural)

desctree

Proto-Brythonic: *trum
Old Breton: trum
Middle Cornish: trom
Old Welsh: trum
Middle Welsh: trwm
Welsh: trwm

Old Irish: trom

Irish: trom

Manx: trome

Scottish Gaelic: trom

From Proto-Indo-European *trewd- (“thrust, press”): either from *trud-smo- or, less probably, from *trud-mo-.


dligetom

dligetom (nominative singular)
dligetou (dual nominative)
dligetā (nominative plural)
dligetom (singular vocative)
dligetou (dual vocative)
dligetā (plural vocative)
dligetom (accusative singular)
dligetou (accusative dual)
dligetā (accusative plural)
dligetī (genitive singular)
dligetous (dual genitive)
dligetom (genitive plural)
dligetūi (dative singular)
dligetobom (dative dual)
dligetobos (dative plural)
dligetei (locative singular)
dligetū (instrumental singular)
dligetobim (dual instrumental)
dligetūis (instrumental plural)

Proto-Brythonic: *dlɨɣed

Middle Welsh: dylyet

Welsh: dyled

Old Irish: dliged

Irish: dlí

Scottish Gaelic: dlighe

From *dligeti (“to owe, be indebted to”) + *-etom.


keiliyos

keiliyos (nominative singular)
keiliyou (dual nominative)
keiliyoi (nominative plural)
keiliye (singular vocative)
keiliyou (dual vocative)
keiliyoi (plural vocative)
keiliyom (accusative singular)
keiliyou (accusative dual)
keiliyons (accusative plural)
keiliyī (genitive singular)
keiliyous (dual genitive)
keiliyom (genitive plural)
keiliyūi (dative singular)
keiliyobom (dative dual)
keiliyobos (dative plural)
keiliyei (locative singular)
keiliyū (instrumental singular)
keiliyobim (dual instrumental)
keiliyūis (instrumental plural)

desctree

Proto-Brythonic: *kilɨð
Middle Welsh: cilit, kilid
Welsh: cilydd
Old Breton: kiled
Breton: kile
Cornish: kila

Primitive Irish: ᚉᚓᚂᚔ (celi, genitive)

Old Irish: céile

Irish: céile

Manx: keilley

Scottish Gaelic: cèile

desc

Gaulish: cele (attested on Châteaubleau tile)

Uncertain. Possibly originally meaning "wayfarer," from Proto-Indo-European *ḱey- (“to settle”), similar to the sense development of Old Irish séitig (“wife”) from *sentus (“way, path”). Stokes instead compares Latin cacula (“servant”).


enistī

enistī (nominative singular)
enistī (dual nominative)
enistiyās (nominative plural)
enistī (singular vocative)
enistī (dual vocative)
enistiyās (plural vocative)
enistīm (accusative singular)
enistī (accusative dual)
enistīns (accusative plural)
enistyās (genitive singular)
enistyous (dual genitive)
enistyom (genitive plural)
enistyai (dative singular)
enistyābom (dative dual)
enistyābos (dative plural)
enistyābim (dual instrumental)
enistyābis (instrumental plural)

desctree

Proto-Brythonic: *ɨnɨs
Old Breton: inis
Middle Breton: enes
Breton: enez
Cornish: enys
Old Welsh: inis
Middle Welsh: ynys
Welsh: ynys

Old Irish: inis
Middle Irish: inis
Irish: inis
Manx: innis
Scottish Gaelic: innis
→ Scots: inch
→ English: inch (“small island”)

From Proto-Indo-European *h₁eni-sth₂-ih₂ (literally “that which stands in (the water)”), from *h₁en (“in”) + *steh₂- (“stand”).


dekametos

dekametos (nominative singular)
dekametou (dual nominative)
dekametoi (nominative plural)
dekamete (singular vocative)
dekametou (dual vocative)
dekametoi (plural vocative)
dekametom (accusative singular)
dekametou (accusative dual)
dekametons (accusative plural)
dekametī (genitive singular)
dekametous (dual genitive)
dekametom (genitive plural)
dekametūi (dative singular)
dekametobom (dative dual)
dekametobos (dative plural)
dekametū (instrumental singular)
dekametobim (dual instrumental)
dekametobis (instrumental plural)
dekametā (nominative singular)
dekametai (dual nominative)
dekametās (nominative plural)
dekametā (singular vocative)
dekametai (dual vocative)
dekametās (plural vocative)
dekametam (accusative singular)
dekametai (accusative dual)
dekametans (accusative plural)
dekametās (genitive singular)
dekametai (dative singular)
dekametābom (dative dual)
dekametābos (dative plural)
dekametābim (dual instrumental)
dekametābis (instrumental plural)
dekametom (nominative singular)
dekametā (nominative plural)
dekametom (singular vocative)
dekametā (plural vocative)
dekametā (accusative plural)

desctree

Proto-Brythonic: *degβ̃ed
Breton: dekved
Cornish: degves
Middle Welsh: decuet
Welsh: degfed

Old Irish: dechmad
Irish: deichiú, deachú
Manx: jeihoo
Scottish Gaelic: deicheamh

Celtiberian: [Term?] (dekametam)

Gaulish: decametos, decometos

From *dekam (“ten”) + *-etos (ordinal suffix), displacing earlier *dekantos.


nawametos

nawametos (nominative singular)
nawametou (dual nominative)
nawametoi (nominative plural)
nawamete (singular vocative)
nawametou (dual vocative)
nawametoi (plural vocative)
nawametom (accusative singular)
nawametou (accusative dual)
nawametons (accusative plural)
nawametī (genitive singular)
nawametous (dual genitive)
nawametom (genitive plural)
nawametūi (dative singular)
nawametobom (dative dual)
nawametobos (dative plural)
nawametū (instrumental singular)
nawametobim (dual instrumental)
nawametobis (instrumental plural)
nawametā (nominative singular)
nawametai (dual nominative)
nawametās (nominative plural)
nawametā (singular vocative)
nawametai (dual vocative)
nawametās (plural vocative)
nawametam (accusative singular)
nawametai (accusative dual)
nawametans (accusative plural)
nawametās (genitive singular)
nawametai (dative singular)
nawametābom (dative dual)
nawametābos (dative plural)
nawametābim (dual instrumental)
nawametābis (instrumental plural)
nawametom (nominative singular)
nawametā (nominative plural)
nawametom (singular vocative)
nawametā (plural vocative)
nawametā (accusative plural)

desctree

Proto-Brythonic: *nawβ̃ed
Breton: navet, naved
Cornish: nawves, nawhes
Welsh: nawfed

Old Irish: nómad, nómet
Middle Irish: nómad
Irish: naoú

Gaulish: nametos

The derivational chain for this word is different depending on which of *nawametos or *nowametos is to be reconstructed.
* Assuming *nawametos, McCone and Stifter derive this from Proto-Indo-European *h₁n̥wn̥(h₂)ós (a thematicization of the cardinal, but with all non-final syllables zero-graded) > *anwanos > *nawanos (with *n moved back to the beginning of the word by analogy to the cardinal) > *nawametos (reformed by analogy to *sextametos (“seventh”) and *dekametos (“tenth”)).
* Assuming *nowametos, Prósper starts with original simple thematic *nowanos > *nowantos > *nowametos.


oxtūmetos

oxtūmetos (nominative singular)
oxtūmetou (dual nominative)
oxtūmetoi (nominative plural)
oxtūmete (singular vocative)
oxtūmetou (dual vocative)
oxtūmetoi (plural vocative)
oxtūmetom (accusative singular)
oxtūmetou (accusative dual)
oxtūmetons (accusative plural)
oxtūmetī (genitive singular)
oxtūmetous (dual genitive)
oxtūmetom (genitive plural)
oxtūmetūi (dative singular)
oxtūmetobom (dative dual)
oxtūmetobos (dative plural)
oxtūmetū (instrumental singular)
oxtūmetobim (dual instrumental)
oxtūmetobis (instrumental plural)
oxtūmetā (nominative singular)
oxtūmetai (dual nominative)
oxtūmetās (nominative plural)
oxtūmetā (singular vocative)
oxtūmetai (dual vocative)
oxtūmetās (plural vocative)
oxtūmetam (accusative singular)
oxtūmetai (accusative dual)
oxtūmetans (accusative plural)
oxtūmetās (genitive singular)
oxtūmetai (dative singular)
oxtūmetābom (dative dual)
oxtūmetābos (dative plural)
oxtūmetābim (dual instrumental)
oxtūmetābis (instrumental plural)
oxtūmetom (nominative singular)
oxtūmetā (nominative plural)
oxtūmetom (singular vocative)
oxtūmetā (plural vocative)
oxtūmetā (accusative plural)

Proto-Brythonic: *üɨθβ̃ed
Breton: eizhved
Cornish: ethves
Welsh: wythfed

Old Irish: ochtmad
Irish: ochtú
Scottish Gaelic: ochdamh
→ English: ochdamh

Gaulish: oxtumetos


sextametos

sextametos (nominative singular)
sextametou (dual nominative)
sextametoi (nominative plural)
sextamete (singular vocative)
sextametou (dual vocative)
sextametoi (plural vocative)
sextametom (accusative singular)
sextametou (accusative dual)
sextametons (accusative plural)
sextametī (genitive singular)
sextametous (dual genitive)
sextametom (genitive plural)
sextametūi (dative singular)
sextametobom (dative dual)
sextametobos (dative plural)
sextametū (instrumental singular)
sextametobim (dual instrumental)
sextametobis (instrumental plural)
sextametā (nominative singular)
sextametai (dual nominative)
sextametās (nominative plural)
sextametā (singular vocative)
sextametai (dual vocative)
sextametās (plural vocative)
sextametam (accusative singular)
sextametai (accusative dual)
sextametans (accusative plural)
sextametās (genitive singular)
sextametai (dative singular)
sextametābom (dative dual)
sextametābos (dative plural)
sextametābim (dual instrumental)
sextametābis (instrumental plural)
sextametom (nominative singular)
sextametā (nominative plural)
sextametom (singular vocative)
sextametā (plural vocative)
sextametā (accusative plural)

Proto-Brythonic: *seɨθβ̃ed
Breton: seizhved
Cornish: seythves
Welsh: seithfed

Middle Irish: sechtmad
Irish: seachtú

Gaulish: sextametos

Celtiberian: setantu

From *sextam (“seven”) + *-etos (ordinal suffix).


swexsos

swexsos (nominative singular)
swexsou (dual nominative)
swexsoi (nominative plural)
swexse (singular vocative)
swexsou (dual vocative)
swexsoi (plural vocative)
swexsom (accusative singular)
swexsou (accusative dual)
swexsons (accusative plural)
swexsī (genitive singular)
swexsous (dual genitive)
swexsom (genitive plural)
swexsūi (dative singular)
swexsobom (dative dual)
swexsobos (dative plural)
swexsū (instrumental singular)
swexsobim (dual instrumental)
swexsobis (instrumental plural)
swexsā (nominative singular)
swexsai (dual nominative)
swexsās (nominative plural)
swexsā (singular vocative)
swexsai (dual vocative)
swexsās (plural vocative)
swexsam (accusative singular)
swexsai (accusative dual)
swexsans (accusative plural)
swexsās (genitive singular)
swexsai (dative singular)
swexsābom (dative dual)
swexsābos (dative plural)
swexsābim (dual instrumental)
swexsābis (instrumental plural)
swexsom (nominative singular)
swexsā (nominative plural)
swexsom (singular vocative)
swexsā (plural vocative)
swexsā (accusative plural)
*swexsetos (alternative Insular)

desctree

Brythonic: *hwexed
Breton: c'houecved
Cornish: hweghves, hweffes
Middle Welsh: chwechet
Welsh: chweched, (dialectal) wechfed

Old Irish: seissed, sessed
Middle Irish: seissed, seised, sesed, sessed
Irish: seiseadh
Scottish Gaelic: seiseadh

Gaulish: suexos, suexxe

The exact formation of this word depends on whether it should be reconstructed as *swexsos or swexstos.
* If *swexsos is reconstructed, it would be derived from *suḱsós (with *e reintroduced by analogy to the cardinal), an *-ós thematic ordinal.
* If *swexstos is instead reconstructed, it would be from Proto-Indo-European *swéḱstos, from *swéḱs (“six”) + *-tós (“-th”). Equivalent to *swexs + *-tos.
Insular branches have remodeled the suffix to *-etos.


kʷenkʷetos

kʷenkʷetos (nominative singular)
kʷenkʷetou (dual nominative)
kʷenkʷetoi (nominative plural)
kʷenkʷete (singular vocative)
kʷenkʷetou (dual vocative)
kʷenkʷetoi (plural vocative)
kʷenkʷetom (accusative singular)
kʷenkʷetou (accusative dual)
kʷenkʷetons (accusative plural)
kʷenkʷetī (genitive singular)
kʷenkʷetous (dual genitive)
kʷenkʷetom (genitive plural)
kʷenkʷetūi (dative singular)
kʷenkʷetobom (dative dual)
kʷenkʷetobos (dative plural)
kʷenkʷetū (instrumental singular)
kʷenkʷetobim (dual instrumental)
kʷenkʷetobis (instrumental plural)
kʷenkʷetā (nominative singular)
kʷenkʷetai (dual nominative)
kʷenkʷetās (nominative plural)
kʷenkʷetā (singular vocative)
kʷenkʷetai (dual vocative)
kʷenkʷetās (plural vocative)
kʷenkʷetam (accusative singular)
kʷenkʷetai (accusative dual)
kʷenkʷetans (accusative plural)
kʷenkʷetās (genitive singular)
kʷenkʷetai (dative singular)
kʷenkʷetābom (dative dual)
kʷenkʷetābos (dative plural)
kʷenkʷetābim (dual instrumental)
kʷenkʷetābis (instrumental plural)
kʷenkʷetom (nominative singular)
kʷenkʷetā (nominative plural)
kʷenkʷetom (singular vocative)
kʷenkʷetā (plural vocative)
kʷenkʷetā (accusative plural)

Brythonic: *pɨmped
Middle Breton: pempet
Breton: pempet, pempvet
Middle Cornish: pympes
Cornish: pympes, pempes
Old Welsh: pimphet
Middle Welsh: pymhed
Welsh: pumed

Old Irish: cóiced
Middle Irish: cóiced
Irish: cúigiú
Manx: queiggoo
Scottish Gaelic: còigeamh

Gaulish: pinpetos

From Proto-Indo-European *penkʷtos, from *pénkʷe (“five”) + *-tós (“-th”); the vowel -e- in the second syllable is derived from the cardinal form. Equivalent to *kʷenkʷe + *-tos or + *-etos.


kʷetwariyos

kʷetwariyos (nominative singular)
kʷetwariyou (dual nominative)
kʷetwariyoi (nominative plural)
kʷetwariye (singular vocative)
kʷetwariyou (dual vocative)
kʷetwariyoi (plural vocative)
kʷetwariyom (accusative singular)
kʷetwariyou (accusative dual)
kʷetwariyons (accusative plural)
kʷetwariyī (genitive singular)
kʷetwariyous (dual genitive)
kʷetwariyom (genitive plural)
kʷetwariyūi (dative singular)
kʷetwariyobom (dative dual)
kʷetwariyobos (dative plural)
kʷetwariyū (instrumental singular)
kʷetwariyobim (dual instrumental)
kʷetwariyobis (instrumental plural)
kʷetwariyā (nominative singular)
kʷetwariyai (dual nominative)
kʷetwariyās (nominative plural)
kʷetwariyā (singular vocative)
kʷetwariyai (dual vocative)
kʷetwariyās (plural vocative)
kʷetwariyam (accusative singular)
kʷetwariyai (accusative dual)
kʷetwariyans (accusative plural)
kʷetwariyās (genitive singular)
kʷetwariyai (dative singular)
kʷetwariyābom (dative dual)
kʷetwariyābos (dative plural)
kʷetwariyābim (dual instrumental)
kʷetwariyābis (instrumental plural)
kʷetwariyom (nominative singular)
kʷetwariyā (nominative plural)
kʷetwariyom (singular vocative)
kʷetwariyā (plural vocative)
kʷetwariyā (accusative plural)

Brythonic: *pėdwėrɨð
Old Breton: petguare
Middle Breton: peuare, pevare
Breton: pevare
Middle Cornish: pyswere, peswere
Cornish: peswora, pajwora
Old Welsh: petguaret
Middle Welsh: pedweryd
Welsh: pedwerydd

Gaulish: petuarios

From Proto-Indo-European *kʷetwr̥yós (“fourth”), from *kʷetwóres + *-yós. Equivalent to *kʷetwores + *-yos.


tritiyos

tritiyos (nominative singular)
tritiyou (dual nominative)
tritiyoi (nominative plural)
tritiye (singular vocative)
tritiyou (dual vocative)
tritiyoi (plural vocative)
tritiyom (accusative singular)
tritiyou (accusative dual)
tritiyons (accusative plural)
tritiyī (genitive singular)
tritiyous (dual genitive)
tritiyom (genitive plural)
tritiyūi (dative singular)
tritiyobom (dative dual)
tritiyobos (dative plural)
tritiyū (instrumental singular)
tritiyobim (dual instrumental)
tritiyobis (instrumental plural)
tritiyā (nominative singular)
tritiyai (dual nominative)
tritiyās (nominative plural)
tritiyā (singular vocative)
tritiyai (dual vocative)
tritiyās (plural vocative)
tritiyam (accusative singular)
tritiyai (accusative dual)
tritiyans (accusative plural)
tritiyās (genitive singular)
tritiyai (dative singular)
tritiyābom (dative dual)
tritiyābos (dative plural)
tritiyābim (dual instrumental)
tritiyābis (instrumental plural)
tritiyom (nominative singular)
tritiyā (nominative plural)
tritiyom (singular vocative)
tritiyā (plural vocative)
tritiyā (accusative plural)

Proto-Brythonic: *trɨdɨð
Middle Breton: trede
Breton: trede
Middle Cornish: trysse, tresse
Cornish: tressa
Old Welsh: tritid
Middle Welsh: trydyd
Welsh: trydydd

Gaulish: tritios

Celtiberian: tirzoz

From Proto-Indo-European *tr̥tyós (“third”); compare with Latin tertius and Proto-Germanic *þridjô.


kentus

kentus (nominative singular)
kentū (dual nominative)
kentowes (nominative plural)
kentu (singular vocative)
kentū (dual vocative)
kentūs (plural vocative)
kentum (accusative singular)
kentū (accusative dual)
kentuns (accusative plural)
kentous (genitive singular)
kentous (dual genitive)
kentowom (genitive plural)
kentou (dative singular)
kentubom (dative dual)
kentubos (dative plural)
kentū (instrumental singular)
kentubim (dual instrumental)
kentubis (instrumental plural)
kentu (nominative singular)
kentwā (nominative plural)
kentwā (plural vocative)
kentu (accusative singular)
kentwā (accusative plural)

Brythonic: *kɨnt
Breton: kent
Cornish: kyns
Welsh: cynt

Old Irish: cét-
Middle Irish: cét-
Irish: céad
Manx: kied
Scottish Gaelic: ciad

Gaulish: cintus

From Proto-Indo-European *kéntus, from *ken-.


garros

garros (nominative singular)
garrou (dual nominative)
garroi (nominative plural)
garre (singular vocative)
garrou (dual vocative)
garroi (plural vocative)
garrom (accusative singular)
garrou (accusative dual)
garrons (accusative plural)
garrī (genitive singular)
garrous (dual genitive)
garrom (genitive plural)
garrūi (dative singular)
garrobom (dative dual)
garrobos (dative plural)
garrei (locative singular)
garrū (instrumental singular)
garrobim (dual instrumental)
garrūis (instrumental plural)

Proto-Brythonic: *garr
Middle Breton: garr
Breton: gar
Middle Cornish: gar
Cornish: garr
Middle Welsh: garr
Welsh: gar

Old Irish: gairr

Gaulish: *garrā

→ Vulgar Latin: *garra (see there for further descendants)

Possibly, via an earlier general sense “limb”, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰs-r-, from *ǵʰes- (“hand”). Compare Latin hīr (“hand”), Ancient Greek χείρ (kheír), Old Armenian ձեռն (jeṙn), Albanian dorë (“hand”), Tocharian A tsar, Hittite 𒆠𒌍𒊬.


ganskyos

kankyos (nominative singular)
kankyou (dual nominative)
kankyoi (nominative plural)
kankye (singular vocative)
kankyou (dual vocative)
kankyoi (plural vocative)
kankyom (accusative singular)
kankyou (accusative dual)
kankyons (accusative plural)
kankyī (genitive singular)
kankyous (dual genitive)
kankyom (genitive plural)
kankyūi (dative singular)
kankyobom (dative dual)
kankyobos (dative plural)
kankyei (locative singular)
kankyū (instrumental singular)
kankyobim (dual instrumental)
kankyūis (instrumental plural)

Old Irish: gésca

Gaulish: *ganskyos

→ Vulgar Latin: *ganscius

Latin: gascheria, gascaria

Old French: gaschiere, gaskiere

desc

Middle French: ghasquière, gasquiere, guachière

French: jachère

Galician: gancho (“hook”); ganzo (“branch”)

Occitan: gànchou

Portuguese: gancho

desctree

Spanish: gancho
→ Catalan: ganxo
→ Italian: gancio

Venetan: ganzo (see there for further descendants)

Possibly from earlier *kankskyos, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱank-sḱ-, from *ḱank- (“branch”). Cognate with Gothic 𐌷𐍉𐌷𐌰 (hōha, “plough”), Lithuanian šakà (“branch”), Old East Slavic соха (soxa, “stake, club, brace, plough”), Old Armenian ցախ (cʻax, “branch, twig”), Sanskrit शाखा (śā́khā), Persian شاخ (šâx, “branch”).


barinākos

barinākos (nominative singular)
barinākou (dual nominative)
barinākoi (nominative plural)
barināke (singular vocative)
barinākou (dual vocative)
barinākoi (plural vocative)
barinākom (accusative singular)
barinākou (accusative dual)
barinākons (accusative plural)
barinākī (genitive singular)
barinākous (dual genitive)
barinākom (genitive plural)
barinākūi (dative singular)
barinākobom (dative dual)
barinākobos (dative plural)
barinākei (locative singular)
barinākū (instrumental singular)
barinākobim (dual instrumental)
barinākūis (instrumental plural)

Brythonic:

Middle Breton: brennik

Breton: brennig

Cornish: brennik

Middle Welsh: brennig

Welsh: brennig

Old Irish: *bairnech

Irish: bairneach

Manx: baarnagh, barnagh, bayrnagh

Scottish Gaelic: bàirneach

Gaulish: *barinākā

→ Medieval Latin: barneca, berneca (see there for further descendants)

From *barinā (“rocky ground”) + *-ākos. The first element is from Proto-Indo-European *gʷerH- (“to elevate”).


linati

linami (active first-person present singular)
linamam (active first-person imperfect singular)
lilīsū (active first-person future singular)
lila (active first-person preterite singular)
linasi (active present second-person singular)
linatās (active imperfect second-person singular)
lilīsesi (active future second-person singular)
lilas? (active preterite second-person singular)
linati (active present singular third-person)
linato (active imperfect singular third-person)
lilīseti (active future singular third-person)
lile (active preterite singular third-person)
linamosi (active first-person plural present)
linamo (active first-person imperfect plural)
lilīsomosi (active first-person future plural)
lilmo (active first-person plural preterite)
linatesi (active plural present second-person)
linastē (active imperfect plural second-person)
lilīsetesi (active future plural second-person)
lile (active plural preterite second-person)
linanti (active plural present third-person)
linanto (active imperfect plural third-person)
lilīsonti (active future plural third-person)
lilars (active plural preterite third-person)
leyasū (active first-person present singular subjunctive)
leyasesi (active present second-person singular subjunctive)
lina (active imperative second-person singular)
leyaseti (active present singular subjunctive third-person)
linatou (active imperative singular third-person)
leyasomosi (active first-person plural present subjunctive)
linamos (active first-person imperative plural)
leyasetesi (active plural present second-person subjunctive)
linate (active imperative plural second-person)
leyasonti (active plural present subjunctive third-person)
linantou (active imperative plural third-person)
linar (first-person passive present singular)
lilīsūr (first-person future passive singular)
lilra (first-person passive preterite singular)
linatar (passive present second-person singular)
lilīsetar (future passive second-person singular)
lilras? (passive preterite second-person singular)
linator (passive present singular third-person)
lilīsetor (future passive singular third-person)
lilre (passive preterite singular third-person)
linammor (first-person passive plural present)
lilīsommor (first-person future passive plural)
linadwe (passive plural present second-person)
lilīsedwe (future passive plural second-person)
linantor (passive plural present third-person)
lilīsontor (future passive plural third-person)
leyasūr (first-person passive present singular subjunctive)
leyasetar (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
leyasetor (passive present singular subjunctive third-person)
leyasommor (first-person passive plural present subjunctive)
leyasedwe (passive plural present second-person subjunctive)
leyasontor (passive plural present subjunctive third-person)
linants (nominative singular)
linante (dual nominative)
linantes (nominative plural)
linants (singular vocative)
linante (dual vocative)
linantes (plural vocative)
linantam (accusative singular)
linante (accusative dual)
linantans (accusative plural)
linantos (genitive singular)
linantom (genitive plural)
linantei (dative singular)
linantbom (dative dual)
linantbos (dative plural)
linantī? (instrumental singular)
linantbim (dual instrumental)
linantbis (instrumental plural)
linantī (nominative singular)
linantī (dual nominative)
linantiyās (nominative plural)
linantī (singular vocative)
linantī (dual vocative)
linantiyās (plural vocative)
linantīm (accusative singular)
linantī (accusative dual)
linantiyans (accusative plural)
linantyās (genitive singular)
linantyom (genitive plural)
linantyāi (dative singular)
linantyābom (dative dual)
linantyābos (dative plural)
linantyābim (dual instrumental)
linantyābis (instrumental plural)
linant (nominative singular)
linanta (nominative plural)
linant (singular vocative)
linanta (plural vocative)
linant (accusative singular)
linanta (accusative plural)
lītos (nominative singular)
lītou (dual nominative)
lītoi (nominative plural)
līte (singular vocative)
lītou (dual vocative)
lītoi (plural vocative)
lītom (accusative singular)
lītou (accusative dual)
lītons (accusative plural)
lītī (genitive singular)
lītous (dual genitive)
lītom (genitive plural)
lītūi (dative singular)
lītobom (dative dual)
lītobos (dative plural)
lītū (instrumental singular)
lītobim (dual instrumental)
lītobis (instrumental plural)
lītā (nominative singular)
lītai (dual nominative)
lītās (nominative plural)
lītā (singular vocative)
lītai (dual vocative)
lītās (plural vocative)
lītam (accusative singular)
lītai (accusative dual)
lītans (accusative plural)
lītās (genitive singular)
lītai (dative singular)
lītābom (dative dual)
lītābos (dative plural)
lītābim (dual instrumental)
lītābis (instrumental plural)
lītom (nominative singular)
lītā (nominative plural)
lītom (singular vocative)
lītā (plural vocative)
lītā (accusative plural)

desctree

Proto-Brythonic: *llɨnad
Old Welsh: linisant (3pl. preterite)
Middle Welsh: llynu (“to smear, infect, defile”)

Old Irish: lenaid
Irish: lean
Scottish Gaelic: lean


ɸarnati

ɸarnāmi (active first-person present singular)
ɸarnamam (active first-person imperfect singular)
ɸibrāsū (active first-person future singular)
ɸīram (active first-person preterite singular)
ɸarnāsi (active present second-person singular)
ɸarnatās (active imperfect second-person singular)
ɸibrāsesi (active future second-person singular)
ɸīras (active preterite second-person singular)
ɸarnāti (active present singular third-person)
ɸarnato (active imperfect singular third-person)
ɸibrāseti (active future singular third-person)
ɸīrat (active preterite singular third-person)
ɸarnamosi (active first-person plural present)
ɸarnamo (active first-person imperfect plural)
ɸibrāsomosi (active first-person future plural)
ɸīrame (active first-person plural preterite)
ɸarnatesi (active plural present second-person)
ɸarnastē (active imperfect plural second-person)
ɸibrāsetesi (active future plural second-person)
ɸīrate (active plural preterite second-person)
ɸarnonti (active plural present third-person)
ɸarnanto (active imperfect plural third-person)
ɸibrāsonti (active future plural third-person)
ɸīrant (active plural preterite third-person)
ɸerasū (active first-person present singular subjunctive)
ɸerasesi (active present second-person singular subjunctive)
ɸarnā (active imperative second-person singular)
ɸeraseti (active present singular subjunctive third-person)
ɸarnātou (active imperative singular third-person)
ɸerasomosi (active first-person plural present subjunctive)
ɸarnamos (active first-person imperative plural)
ɸerasetesi (active plural present second-person subjunctive)
ɸarnate (active imperative plural second-person)
ɸerasonti (active plural present subjunctive third-person)
ɸarnontou (active imperative plural third-person)
ɸarnār (first-person passive present singular)
ɸibrāsūr (first-person future passive singular)
ɸarnātar (passive present second-person singular)
ɸibrāsetar (future passive second-person singular)
ɸarnātor (passive present singular third-person)
ɸibrāsetor (future passive singular third-person)
ɸarnammor (first-person passive plural present)
ɸibrāsommor (first-person future passive plural)
ɸarnadwe (passive plural present second-person)
ɸibrāsedwe (future passive plural second-person)
ɸarnontor (passive plural present third-person)
ɸibrāsontor (future passive plural third-person)
ɸerasūr (first-person passive present singular subjunctive)
ɸerasetar (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
ɸerasetor (passive present singular subjunctive third-person)
ɸerasommor (first-person passive plural present subjunctive)
ɸerasedwe (passive plural present second-person subjunctive)
ɸerasontor (passive plural present subjunctive third-person)
ɸarnonts (nominative singular)
ɸarnonte (dual nominative)
ɸarnontes (nominative plural)
ɸarnonts (singular vocative)
ɸarnonte (dual vocative)
ɸarnontes (plural vocative)
ɸarnontam (accusative singular)
ɸarnonte (accusative dual)
ɸarnontans (accusative plural)
ɸarnantos (genitive singular)
ɸarnantom (genitive plural)
ɸarnantei (dative singular)
ɸarnantbom (dative dual)
ɸarnantbos (dative plural)
ɸarnantī? (instrumental singular)
ɸarnantbim (dual instrumental)
ɸarnantbis (instrumental plural)
ɸarnantī (nominative singular)
ɸarnantī (dual nominative)
ɸarnantiyās (nominative plural)
ɸarnantī (singular vocative)
ɸarnantī (dual vocative)
ɸarnantiyās (plural vocative)
ɸarnantīm (accusative singular)
ɸarnantī (accusative dual)
ɸarnantiyans (accusative plural)
ɸarnantyās (genitive singular)
ɸarnantyom (genitive plural)
ɸarnantyāi (dative singular)
ɸarnantyābom (dative dual)
ɸarnantyābos (dative plural)
ɸarnantyābim (dual instrumental)
ɸarnantyābis (instrumental plural)
ɸarnont (nominative singular)
ɸarnonta (nominative plural)
ɸarnont (singular vocative)
ɸarnonta (plural vocative)
ɸarnont (accusative singular)
ɸarnonta (accusative plural)
ɸratos (nominative singular)
ɸratou (dual nominative)
ɸratoi (nominative plural)
ɸrate (singular vocative)
ɸratou (dual vocative)
ɸratoi (plural vocative)
ɸratom (accusative singular)
ɸratou (accusative dual)
ɸratons (accusative plural)
ɸratī (genitive singular)
ɸratous (dual genitive)
ɸratom (genitive plural)
ɸratūi (dative singular)
ɸratobom (dative dual)
ɸratobos (dative plural)
ɸratū (instrumental singular)
ɸratobim (dual instrumental)
ɸratobis (instrumental plural)
ɸratā (nominative singular)
ɸratai (dual nominative)
ɸratās (nominative plural)
ɸratā (singular vocative)
ɸratai (dual vocative)
ɸratās (plural vocative)
ɸratam (accusative singular)
ɸratai (accusative dual)
ɸratans (accusative plural)
ɸratās (genitive singular)
ɸratai (dative singular)
ɸratābom (dative dual)
ɸratābos (dative plural)
ɸratābim (dual instrumental)
ɸratābis (instrumental plural)
ɸratom (nominative singular)
ɸratā (nominative plural)
ɸratom (singular vocative)
ɸratā (plural vocative)
ɸratā (accusative plural)

Old Irish: ernaid

From Proto-Indo-European *perh₃-. The future stem is from reduplicated *pi-pr̥h₃-; the change of *-ɸr- to *-br- in Proto-Celtic is phonologically regular.


linkʷeti

linkʷū (active first-person present singular)
linkʷemam (active first-person imperfect singular)
lilixsū (active first-person future singular)
liloikʷa (active first-person preterite singular)
linkʷesi (active present second-person singular)
linkʷetās (active imperfect second-person singular)
lilixsesi (active future second-person singular)
liloikʷas? (active preterite second-person singular)
linkʷeti (active present singular third-person)
linkʷeto (active imperfect singular third-person)
lilixseti (active future singular third-person)
liloikʷe (active preterite singular third-person)
linkʷomosi (active first-person plural present)
linkʷemo (active first-person imperfect plural)
lilixsomosi (active first-person future plural)
liloikʷmo (active first-person plural preterite)
linkʷetesi (active plural present second-person)
linkʷestē (active imperfect plural second-person)
lilixsetesi (active future plural second-person)
liloikʷe (active plural preterite second-person)
linkʷonti (active plural present third-person)
linkʷento (active imperfect plural third-person)
lilixsonti (active future plural third-person)
liloikʷars (active plural preterite third-person)
leixsū (active first-person present singular subjunctive)
leixsesi (active present second-person singular subjunctive)
linkʷe (active imperative second-person singular)
leixseti (active present singular subjunctive third-person)
linkʷetou (active imperative singular third-person)
leixsomosi (active first-person plural present subjunctive)
linkʷomos (active first-person imperative plural)
leixsetesi (active plural present second-person subjunctive)
linkʷete (active imperative plural second-person)
leixsonti (active plural present subjunctive third-person)
linkʷontou (active imperative plural third-person)
linkʷūr (first-person passive present singular)
lilixsūr (first-person future passive singular)
liloikʷra (first-person passive preterite singular)
linkʷetar (passive present second-person singular)
lilixsetar (future passive second-person singular)
liloikʷras? (passive preterite second-person singular)
linkʷetor (passive present singular third-person)
lilixsetor (future passive singular third-person)
liloikʷre (passive preterite singular third-person)
linkʷommor (first-person passive plural present)
lilixsommor (first-person future passive plural)
linkʷedwe (passive plural present second-person)
lilixsedwe (future passive plural second-person)
linkʷontor (passive plural present third-person)
lilixsontor (future passive plural third-person)
leixsūr (first-person passive present singular subjunctive)
leixsetar (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
leixsetor (passive present singular subjunctive third-person)
leixsommor (first-person passive plural present subjunctive)
leixsedwe (passive plural present second-person subjunctive)
leixsontor (passive plural present subjunctive third-person)
linkʷonts (nominative singular)
linkʷonte (dual nominative)
linkʷontes (nominative plural)
linkʷonts (singular vocative)
linkʷonte (dual vocative)
linkʷontes (plural vocative)
linkʷontam (accusative singular)
linkʷonte (accusative dual)
linkʷontans (accusative plural)
linkʷantos (genitive singular)
linkʷantom (genitive plural)
linkʷantei (dative singular)
linkʷantbom (dative dual)
linkʷantbos (dative plural)
linkʷantī? (instrumental singular)
linkʷantbim (dual instrumental)
linkʷantbis (instrumental plural)
linkʷantī (nominative singular)
linkʷantī (dual nominative)
linkʷantiyās (nominative plural)
linkʷantī (singular vocative)
linkʷantī (dual vocative)
linkʷantiyās (plural vocative)
linkʷantīm (accusative singular)
linkʷantī (accusative dual)
linkʷantiyans (accusative plural)
linkʷantyās (genitive singular)
linkʷantyom (genitive plural)
linkʷantyāi (dative singular)
linkʷantyābom (dative dual)
linkʷantyābos (dative plural)
linkʷantyābim (dual instrumental)
linkʷantyābis (instrumental plural)
linkʷont (nominative singular)
linkʷonta (nominative plural)
linkʷont (singular vocative)
linkʷonta (plural vocative)
linkʷont (accusative singular)
linkʷonta (accusative plural)
lixtos (nominative singular)
lixtou (dual nominative)
lixtoi (nominative plural)
lixte (singular vocative)
lixtou (dual vocative)
lixtoi (plural vocative)
lixtom (accusative singular)
lixtou (accusative dual)
lixtons (accusative plural)
lixtī (genitive singular)
lixtous (dual genitive)
lixtom (genitive plural)
lixtūi (dative singular)
lixtobom (dative dual)
lixtobos (dative plural)
lixtū (instrumental singular)
lixtobim (dual instrumental)
lixtobis (instrumental plural)
lixtā (nominative singular)
lixtai (dual nominative)
lixtās (nominative plural)
lixtā (singular vocative)
lixtai (dual vocative)
lixtās (plural vocative)
lixtam (accusative singular)
lixtai (accusative dual)
lixtans (accusative plural)
lixtās (genitive singular)
lixtai (dative singular)
lixtābom (dative dual)
lixtābos (dative plural)
lixtābim (dual instrumental)
lixtābis (instrumental plural)
lixtom (nominative singular)
lixtā (nominative plural)
lixtom (singular vocative)
lixtā (plural vocative)
lixtā (accusative plural)

Old Irish: léicid
Irish: lig
Manx: lhig
Scottish Gaelic: leig

From Proto-Indo-European *linékʷti ~ *linkʷénti. The weak -ī- inflection found in early Irish is secondary.


kaɸerūxs

kaɸerūxs (nominative singular)
kaɸerāke (dual nominative)
kaɸerākes (nominative plural)
kaɸerūxs (singular vocative)
kaɸerāke (dual vocative)
kaɸerākes (plural vocative)
kaɸerākam (accusative singular)
kaɸerāke (accusative dual)
kaɸerākans (accusative plural)
kaɸerākos (genitive singular)
kaɸerākou (dual genitive)
kaɸerākom (genitive plural)
kaɸerākei (dative singular)
kaɸerākobom (dative dual)
kaɸerākobos (dative plural)
kaɸerāki (locative singular)
kaɸerāke? (instrumental singular)
kaɸerākobim (dual instrumental)
kaɸerākobis (instrumental plural)

desctree

Old Irish: cauru
Middle Irish: cáera, caíra
Irish: caora
Manx: keyrrey
Scottish Gaelic: caora

⇒ Middle Welsh: kaeriwrch (“roebuck”)

Welsh: caeriwrch (“roebuck”)

Possibly from an extension of Proto-Indo-European *kápros (“goat”) (compare *gabros (“goat”)), and thus cognate with Latin caper and Old Norse hafr; but the -ɸr- is difficult to explain as it normally should have become -br- in Proto-Celtic.
Stifter proposes a stem-ablaut variant of Proto-Indo-European *kápros (“goat”), *kápero-, which then compounded with a zero-grade form of *h₃ekʷ- (“to see”) to form a root noun kaperoh₃kʷs. -oh₃- would regularly yield -ū- in a final syllable and -ā- elsewhere. The Brittonic forms would thus show a back-formation from the nominative singular, as a stem-final labial stop was not yielded.


dametos

dametos (nominative singular)
dametou (dual nominative)
dametoi (nominative plural)
damete (singular vocative)
dametou (dual vocative)
dametoi (plural vocative)
dametom (accusative singular)
dametou (accusative dual)
dametons (accusative plural)
dametī (genitive singular)
dametous (dual genitive)
dametom (genitive plural)
dametūi (dative singular)
dametobom (dative dual)
dametobos (dative plural)
dametei (locative singular)
dametū (instrumental singular)
dametobim (dual instrumental)
dametūis (instrumental plural)

Proto-Brythonic: *daβ̃ad
Breton: dañvad
Cornish: davas
Welsh: dafad


sīlom

sīlom (nominative singular)
sīlou (dual nominative)
sīlā (nominative plural)
sīlom (singular vocative)
sīlou (dual vocative)
sīlā (plural vocative)
sīlom (accusative singular)
sīlou (accusative dual)
sīlā (accusative plural)
sīlī (genitive singular)
sīlous (dual genitive)
sīlom (genitive plural)
sīlūi (dative singular)
sīlobom (dative dual)
sīlobos (dative plural)
sīlei (locative singular)
sīlū (instrumental singular)
sīlobim (dual instrumental)
sīlūis (instrumental plural)

Brythonic: *hil
Breton: hil
Cornish: hil
Welsh: hil

Old Irish: síl
Irish: síol
Manx: sheel
Scottish Gaelic: sìol

From Proto-Indo-European *seh₁- (“to sow”).


saɸeros

saɸeros (nominative singular)
saɸerou (dual nominative)
saɸeroi (nominative plural)
saɸere (singular vocative)
saɸerou (dual vocative)
saɸeroi (plural vocative)
saɸerom (accusative singular)
saɸerou (accusative dual)
saɸerons (accusative plural)
saɸerī (genitive singular)
saɸerous (dual genitive)
saɸerom (genitive plural)
saɸerūi (dative singular)
saɸerobom (dative dual)
saɸerobos (dative plural)
saɸerei (locative singular)
saɸerū (instrumental singular)
saɸerobim (dual instrumental)
saɸerūis (instrumental plural)

Proto-Brythonic: *saer

Old Cornish: sair

Welsh: saer (if not borrowed from Old Irish)

Old Irish: sáer

Irish: saor

Manx: seyr

Scottish Gaelic: saor

From Proto-Indo-European *sap- (“skill”).