sukaros

sukaros (nominative singular)
sukarou (dual nominative)
sukaroi (nominative plural)
sukare (singular vocative)
sukarou (dual vocative)
sukaroi (plural vocative)
sukarom (accusative singular)
sukarou (accusative dual)
sukarons (accusative plural)
sukarī (genitive singular)
sukarous (dual genitive)
sukarom (genitive plural)
sukarūi (dative singular)
sukarobom (dative dual)
sukarobos (dative plural)
sukarū (instrumental singular)
sukarobim (dual instrumental)
sukarobis (instrumental plural)
sukarā (nominative singular)
sukarai (dual nominative)
sukarās (nominative plural)
sukarā (singular vocative)
sukarai (dual vocative)
sukarās (plural vocative)
sukaram (accusative singular)
sukarai (accusative dual)
sukarans (accusative plural)
sukarās (genitive singular)
sukarai (dative singular)
sukarābom (dative dual)
sukarābos (dative plural)
sukarābim (dual instrumental)
sukarābis (instrumental plural)
sukarom (nominative singular)
sukarā (nominative plural)
sukarom (singular vocative)
sukarā (plural vocative)
sukarā (accusative plural)

Proto-Brythonic: *hugar

desc

⇒ Old Breton: Gurhugar, Haelhucar, Haelhocar (personal names)

Breton: hegar

Middle Cornish: hegar

Cornish: hegar

Middle Welsh: hygar

Welsh: hygar

Gaulish: *Sucaros

→ Latin: Sucarus


sagiyos

sagyos (nominative singular)
sagyou (dual nominative)
sagyoi (nominative plural)
sagye (singular vocative)
sagyou (dual vocative)
sagyoi (plural vocative)
sagyom (accusative singular)
sagyou (accusative dual)
sagyons (accusative plural)
sagyī (genitive singular)
sagyous (dual genitive)
sagyom (genitive plural)
sagyūi (dative singular)
sagyobom (dative dual)
sagyobos (dative plural)
sagyei (locative singular)
sagyū (instrumental singular)
sagyobim (dual instrumental)
sagyūis (instrumental plural)

desctree

Old Irish: -aige
Irish: -aí, -aidhe, -oidhe, -uidhe (obsolete), -í (slender form), -idhe (obsolete slender form)
Scottish Gaelic: -iche, -aiche

Gaulish: *Sagios

→ Latin: Sagius

From *sag- (“to seek”) + *-iyos (agent suffix).


wourū

wourū (active first-person preterite singular)
wourūs (active preterite second-person singular)
wourū (active preterite singular third-person)
wouramo (active first-person plural preterite)
wourate (active plural preterite second-person)
wourars (active plural preterite third-person)
wrītos (nominative singular)
wrītou (dual nominative)
wrītoi (nominative plural)
wrīte (singular vocative)
wrītou (dual vocative)
wrītoi (plural vocative)
wrītom (accusative singular)
wrītou (accusative dual)
wrītons (accusative plural)
wrītī (genitive singular)
wrītous (dual genitive)
wrītom (genitive plural)
wrītūi (dative singular)
wrītobom (dative dual)
wrītobos (dative plural)
wrītū (instrumental singular)
wrītobim (dual instrumental)
wrītobis (instrumental plural)
wrītā (nominative singular)
wrītai (dual nominative)
wrītās (nominative plural)
wrītā (singular vocative)
wrītai (dual vocative)
wrītās (plural vocative)
wrītam (accusative singular)
wrītai (accusative dual)
wrītans (accusative plural)
wrītās (genitive singular)
wrītai (dative singular)
wrītābom (dative dual)
wrītābos (dative plural)
wrītābim (dual instrumental)
wrītābis (instrumental plural)
wrītom (nominative singular)
wrītā (nominative plural)
wrītom (singular vocative)
wrītā (plural vocative)
wrītā (accusative plural)

desc

preterite forms of <i class="Latn mention" lang="sga">fo·gaib</i>

Old Irish: fo·fúair, fo·fríth (preterite forms of fo·gaib)

preterite of <i class="Latn mention" lang="ga">faigh</i>

Irish: fuair (preterite of faigh)

preterite of <i class="Latn mention" lang="gd">faigh</i>

Scottish Gaelic: fhuair (preterite of faigh)

preterite of <i class="Latn mention" lang="gv">fow</i>

Manx: hooar (preterite of fow)

⇒ Gaulish: tioinuoru (3sg. pret.) (prefixed with tio- and in-)

Generally held as cognate to Ancient Greek εὑρίσκω (heurískō, “to find, discover”). The root may be reconstructed as Proto-Indo-European *wreh₁- or *werh₁-; it is impossible to ascertain which is correct.


tudeti

tudū (active first-person present singular)
tudemam (active first-person imperfect singular)
titutsū (active first-person future singular)
keram (active first-person preterite singular)
tudesi (active present second-person singular)
tudetās (active imperfect second-person singular)
titutsesi (active future second-person singular)
keras (active preterite second-person singular)
tudeti (active present singular third-person)
tudeto (active imperfect singular third-person)
titutseti (active future singular third-person)
kerat (active preterite singular third-person)
tudomosi (active first-person plural present)
tudemo (active first-person imperfect plural)
titutsomosi (active first-person future plural)
kerame (active first-person plural preterite)
tudetesi (active plural present second-person)
tudestē (active imperfect plural second-person)
titutsetesi (active future plural second-person)
kerate (active plural preterite second-person)
tudonti (active plural present third-person)
tudento (active imperfect plural third-person)
titutsonti (active future plural third-person)
kerant (active plural preterite third-person)
toutsū (active first-person present singular subjunctive)
toutsesi (active present second-person singular subjunctive)
tude (active imperative second-person singular)
toutseti (active present singular subjunctive third-person)
tudetou (active imperative singular third-person)
toutsomosi (active first-person plural present subjunctive)
tudomos (active first-person imperative plural)
toutsetesi (active plural present second-person subjunctive)
tudete (active imperative plural second-person)
toutsonti (active plural present subjunctive third-person)
tudontou (active imperative plural third-person)
tudūr (first-person passive present singular)
titutsūr (first-person future passive singular)
tudetar (passive present second-person singular)
titutsetar (future passive second-person singular)
tudetor (passive present singular third-person)
titutsetor (future passive singular third-person)
tudommor (first-person passive plural present)
titutsommor (first-person future passive plural)
tudedwe (passive plural present second-person)
titutsedwe (future passive plural second-person)
tudontor (passive plural present third-person)
titutsontor (future passive plural third-person)
toutsūr (first-person passive present singular subjunctive)
toutsetar (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
toutsetor (passive present singular subjunctive third-person)
toutsommor (first-person passive plural present subjunctive)
toutsedwe (passive plural present second-person subjunctive)
toutsontor (passive plural present subjunctive third-person)
tudonts (nominative singular)
tudonte (dual nominative)
tudontes (nominative plural)
tudonts (singular vocative)
tudonte (dual vocative)
tudontes (plural vocative)
tudontam (accusative singular)
tudonte (accusative dual)
tudontans (accusative plural)
tudantos (genitive singular)
tudantom (genitive plural)
tudantei (dative singular)
tudantbom (dative dual)
tudantbos (dative plural)
tudantī? (instrumental singular)
tudantbim (dual instrumental)
tudantbis (instrumental plural)
tudantī (nominative singular)
tudantī (dual nominative)
tudantiyās (nominative plural)
tudantī (singular vocative)
tudantī (dual vocative)
tudantiyās (plural vocative)
tudantīm (accusative singular)
tudantī (accusative dual)
tudantiyans (accusative plural)
tudantyās (genitive singular)
tudantyom (genitive plural)
tudantyāi (dative singular)
tudantyābom (dative dual)
tudantyābos (dative plural)
tudantyābim (dual instrumental)
tudantyābis (instrumental plural)
tudont (nominative singular)
tudonta (nominative plural)
tudont (singular vocative)
tudonta (plural vocative)
tudont (accusative singular)
tudonta (accusative plural)
tussos (nominative singular)
tussou (dual nominative)
tussoi (nominative plural)
tusse (singular vocative)
tussou (dual vocative)
tussoi (plural vocative)
tussom (accusative singular)
tussou (accusative dual)
tussons (accusative plural)
tussī (genitive singular)
tussous (dual genitive)
tussom (genitive plural)
tussūi (dative singular)
tussobom (dative dual)
tussobos (dative plural)
tussū (instrumental singular)
tussobim (dual instrumental)
tussobis (instrumental plural)
tussā (nominative singular)
tussai (dual nominative)
tussās (nominative plural)
tussā (singular vocative)
tussai (dual vocative)
tussās (plural vocative)
tussam (accusative singular)
tussai (accusative dual)
tussans (accusative plural)
tussās (genitive singular)
tussai (dative singular)
tussābom (dative dual)
tussābos (dative plural)
tussābim (dual instrumental)
tussābis (instrumental plural)
tussom (nominative singular)
tussā (nominative plural)
tussom (singular vocative)
tussā (plural vocative)
tussā (accusative plural)

desctree

with <i class="Latn mention" lang="cel-pro">*to-</i> prefixed

⇒ Old Irish: do·tuit (with *to- prefixed)
Middle Irish: do·fuit, ·tuit
Irish: tuit, tit
Manx: tuitt
Scottish Gaelic: tuit

From Proto-Indo-European *(s)tewd- (“to hit”). The closest cognate is Sanskrit तुदति (tudati, “to strike, hit”).
The preterite stem *kera- is suppletive and comes from Proto-Indo-European *ḱerh₂- (“to break”).


kiyeti

kiyū (active first-person present singular)
kiyemam (active first-person imperfect singular)
kikīsū (active first-person future singular)
kika (active first-person preterite singular)
kiyesi (active present second-person singular)
kiyetās (active imperfect second-person singular)
kikīsesi (active future second-person singular)
kikas? (active preterite second-person singular)
kiyeti (active present singular third-person)
kiyeto (active imperfect singular third-person)
kikīseti (active future singular third-person)
kike (active preterite singular third-person)
kiyomosi (active first-person plural present)
kiyemo (active first-person imperfect plural)
kikīsomosi (active first-person future plural)
kikmo (active first-person plural preterite)
kiyetesi (active plural present second-person)
kiyestē (active imperfect plural second-person)
kikīsetesi (active future plural second-person)
kixte (active plural preterite second-person)
kiyonti (active plural present third-person)
kiyento (active imperfect plural third-person)
kikīsonti (active future plural third-person)
kikars (active plural preterite third-person)
keyasū (active first-person present singular subjunctive)
keyasesi (active present second-person singular subjunctive)
kiye (active imperative second-person singular)
keyaseti (active present singular subjunctive third-person)
kiyetou (active imperative singular third-person)
keyasomosi (active first-person plural present subjunctive)
kiyomos (active first-person imperative plural)
keyasetesi (active plural present second-person subjunctive)
kiyete (active imperative plural second-person)
keyasonti (active plural present subjunctive third-person)
kiyontou (active imperative plural third-person)
kiyūr (first-person passive present singular)
kikīsūr (first-person future passive singular)
kikra (first-person passive preterite singular)
kiyetar (passive present second-person singular)
kikīsetar (future passive second-person singular)
kikras? (passive preterite second-person singular)
kiyetor (passive present singular third-person)
kikīsetor (future passive singular third-person)
kikre (passive preterite singular third-person)
kiyommor (first-person passive plural present)
kikīsommor (first-person future passive plural)
kiyedwe (passive plural present second-person)
kikīsedwe (future passive plural second-person)
kiyontor (passive plural present third-person)
kikīsontor (future passive plural third-person)
keyasūr (first-person passive present singular subjunctive)
keyasetar (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
keyasetor (passive present singular subjunctive third-person)
keyasommor (first-person passive plural present subjunctive)
keyasedwe (passive plural present second-person subjunctive)
keyasontor (passive plural present subjunctive third-person)
kiyonts (nominative singular)
kiyonte (dual nominative)
kiyontes (nominative plural)
kiyonts (singular vocative)
kiyonte (dual vocative)
kiyontes (plural vocative)
kiyontam (accusative singular)
kiyonte (accusative dual)
kiyontans (accusative plural)
kiyantos (genitive singular)
kiyantom (genitive plural)
kiyantei (dative singular)
kiyantbom (dative dual)
kiyantbos (dative plural)
kiyantī? (instrumental singular)
kiyantbim (dual instrumental)
kiyantbis (instrumental plural)
kiyantī (nominative singular)
kiyantī (dual nominative)
kiyantiyās (nominative plural)
kiyantī (singular vocative)
kiyantī (dual vocative)
kiyantiyās (plural vocative)
kiyantīm (accusative singular)
kiyantī (accusative dual)
kiyantiyans (accusative plural)
kiyantyās (genitive singular)
kiyantyom (genitive plural)
kiyantyāi (dative singular)
kiyantyābom (dative dual)
kiyantyābos (dative plural)
kiyantyābim (dual instrumental)
kiyantyābis (instrumental plural)
kiyont (nominative singular)
kiyonta (nominative plural)
kiyont (singular vocative)
kiyonta (plural vocative)
kiyont (accusative singular)
kiyonta (accusative plural)
kitos (nominative singular)
kitou (dual nominative)
kitoi (nominative plural)
kite (singular vocative)
kitou (dual vocative)
kitoi (plural vocative)
kitom (accusative singular)
kitou (accusative dual)
kitons (accusative plural)
kitī (genitive singular)
kitous (dual genitive)
kitom (genitive plural)
kitūi (dative singular)
kitobom (dative dual)
kitobos (dative plural)
kitū (instrumental singular)
kitobim (dual instrumental)
kitobis (instrumental plural)
kitā (nominative singular)
kitai (dual nominative)
kitās (nominative plural)
kitā (singular vocative)
kitai (dual vocative)
kitās (plural vocative)
kitam (accusative singular)
kitai (accusative dual)
kitans (accusative plural)
kitās (genitive singular)
kitai (dative singular)
kitābom (dative dual)
kitābos (dative plural)
kitābim (dual instrumental)
kitābis (instrumental plural)
kitom (nominative singular)
kitā (nominative plural)
kitom (singular vocative)
kitā (plural vocative)
kitā (accusative plural)

desc

Proto-Brythonic: (converted to deponent)

Middle Welsh: ciawr, cior (3sg present)

Old Irish: ciid (“to cry”)

From Proto-Indo-European *ḱey- (“to fall”).


kriniti

krinimi (active first-person present singular)
krinimam (active first-person imperfect singular)
kikrīsū (active first-person future singular)
krinisi (active present second-person singular)
krinitās (active imperfect second-person singular)
kikrīsesi (active future second-person singular)
kriniti (active present singular third-person)
krinito (active imperfect singular third-person)
kikrīseti (active future singular third-person)
krinimosi (active first-person plural present)
krinimo (active first-person imperfect plural)
kikrīsomosi (active first-person future plural)
krinitesi (active plural present second-person)
krinistē (active imperfect plural second-person)
kikrīsetesi (active future plural second-person)
krininti (active plural present third-person)
krininto (active imperfect plural third-person)
kikrīsonti (active future plural third-person)
kreyasū (active first-person present singular subjunctive)
kreyasesi (active present second-person singular subjunctive)
krini (active imperative second-person singular)
kreyaseti (active present singular subjunctive third-person)
krinitou (active imperative singular third-person)
kreyasomosi (active first-person plural present subjunctive)
krinimos (active first-person imperative plural)
kreyasetesi (active plural present second-person subjunctive)
krinite (active imperative plural second-person)
kreyasonti (active plural present subjunctive third-person)
krinintou (active imperative plural third-person)
krinir (first-person passive present singular)
kikrīsūr (first-person future passive singular)
krinitar (passive present second-person singular)
kikrīsetar (future passive second-person singular)
krinitor (passive present singular third-person)
kikrīsetor (future passive singular third-person)
krinimmor (first-person passive plural present)
kikrīsommor (first-person future passive plural)
krinidwe (passive plural present second-person)
kikrīsedwe (future passive plural second-person)
krinintor (passive plural present third-person)
kikrīsontor (future passive plural third-person)
kreyasūr (first-person passive present singular subjunctive)
kreyasetar (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
kreyasetor (passive present singular subjunctive third-person)
kreyasommor (first-person passive plural present subjunctive)
kreyasedwe (passive plural present second-person subjunctive)
kreyasontor (passive plural present subjunctive third-person)
krinyonts (nominative singular)
krinyonte (dual nominative)
krinyontes (nominative plural)
krinyonts (singular vocative)
krinyonte (dual vocative)
krinyontes (plural vocative)
krinyontam (accusative singular)
krinyonte (accusative dual)
krinyontans (accusative plural)
krinyantos (genitive singular)
krinyantom (genitive plural)
krinyantei (dative singular)
krinyantbom (dative dual)
krinyantbos (dative plural)
krinyantī? (instrumental singular)
krinyantbim (dual instrumental)
krinyantbis (instrumental plural)
krinyantī (nominative singular)
krinyantī (dual nominative)
krinyantiyās (nominative plural)
krinyantī (singular vocative)
krinyantī (dual vocative)
krinyantiyās (plural vocative)
krinyantīm (accusative singular)
krinyantī (accusative dual)
krinyantiyans (accusative plural)
krinyantyās (genitive singular)
krinyantyom (genitive plural)
krinyantyāi (dative singular)
krinyantyābom (dative dual)
krinyantyābos (dative plural)
krinyantyābim (dual instrumental)
krinyantyābis (instrumental plural)
krinyont (nominative singular)
krinyonta (nominative plural)
krinyont (singular vocative)
krinyonta (plural vocative)
krinyont (accusative singular)
krinyonta (accusative plural)

Proto-Brythonic: *krɨnɨð

Middle Welsh: crynu

Welsh: crynu

Middle Breton: crenaff (1sg. present), cren (3sg. present), creno (3sg. subjunctive)

Middle Cornish: krena

From Proto-Indo-European *krey- (“to shake”).

echryn

Proto-Brythonic: *exrɨn (prototonic); Middle Welsh


kʷantyos

kʷantyos (nominative singular)
kʷantyou (dual nominative)
kʷantyoi (nominative plural)
kʷantye (singular vocative)
kʷantyou (dual vocative)
kʷantyoi (plural vocative)
kʷantyom (accusative singular)
kʷantyou (accusative dual)
kʷantyons (accusative plural)
kʷantyī (genitive singular)
kʷantyous (dual genitive)
kʷantyom (genitive plural)
kʷantyūi (dative singular)
kʷantyobom (dative dual)
kʷantyobos (dative plural)
kʷantyei (locative singular)
kʷantyū (instrumental singular)
kʷantyobim (dual instrumental)
kʷantyūis (instrumental plural)

Proto-Brythonic:

Old Breton: pantet

Middle Breton: pant

Cornish: pans

Middle Welsh: pant

Pictish: ᚘᚐᚅᚈ (“hollow”)

Middle Irish: céite

Presumably related to Latin cumulus (“hill, heap”), Old English hwamm (“corner, angle”), Old Norse hvammr (“vale”), but Matasovic finds the origin of these words "very problematic."


dāyetor

dāyūr (first-person passive present singular)
dāyetar (passive present second-person singular)
dāyetor (passive present singular third-person)
dāyommor (first-person passive plural present)
dāyedwe (passive plural present second-person)
dāyontor (passive plural present third-person)
dāyonts (nominative singular)
dāyonte (dual nominative)
dāyontes (nominative plural)
dāyonts (singular vocative)
dāyonte (dual vocative)
dāyontes (plural vocative)
dāyontam (accusative singular)
dāyonte (accusative dual)
dāyontans (accusative plural)
dāyantos (genitive singular)
dāyantom (genitive plural)
dāyantei (dative singular)
dāyantbom (dative dual)
dāyantbos (dative plural)
dāyantī? (instrumental singular)
dāyantbim (dual instrumental)
dāyantbis (instrumental plural)
dāyantī (nominative singular)
dāyantī (dual nominative)
dāyantiyās (nominative plural)
dāyantī (singular vocative)
dāyantī (dual vocative)
dāyantiyās (plural vocative)
dāyantīm (accusative singular)
dāyantī (accusative dual)
dāyantiyans (accusative plural)
dāyantyās (genitive singular)
dāyantyom (genitive plural)
dāyantyāi (dative singular)
dāyantyābom (dative dual)
dāyantyābos (dative plural)
dāyantyābim (dual instrumental)
dāyantyābis (instrumental plural)
dāyont (nominative singular)
dāyonta (nominative plural)
dāyont (singular vocative)
dāyonta (plural vocative)
dāyont (accusative singular)
dāyonta (accusative plural)

Proto-Brythonic: *dọr

Middle Breton: deur (present tense)

Middle Welsh: doraf (1sg present), dawr (3sg present)

confused with <i class="Latn mention" lang="sga">at·tá</i> (“to exist”)

Old Irish: dáthar, dáas (confused with at·tá (“to exist”))

Unknown. Matasović notes a possible connection to Proto-Indo-European *deh₁- (“to bind”), but dismisses it as semantically unsatisfactory.


dingeti

dingū (active first-person present singular)
dingemam (active first-person imperfect singular)
didixsū (active first-person future singular)
didoiga (active first-person preterite singular)
dingesi (active present second-person singular)
dingetās (active imperfect second-person singular)
didixsesi (active future second-person singular)
didoigas? (active preterite second-person singular)
dingeti (active present singular third-person)
dingeto (active imperfect singular third-person)
didixseti (active future singular third-person)
didoige (active preterite singular third-person)
dingomosi (active first-person plural present)
dingemo (active first-person imperfect plural)
didixsomosi (active first-person future plural)
didoigmo (active first-person plural preterite)
dingetesi (active plural present second-person)
dingestē (active imperfect plural second-person)
didixsetesi (active future plural second-person)
didoixte (active plural preterite second-person)
dingonti (active plural present third-person)
dingento (active imperfect plural third-person)
didixsonti (active future plural third-person)
didoigars (active plural preterite third-person)
deixsū (active first-person present singular subjunctive)
deixsesi (active present second-person singular subjunctive)
dinge (active imperative second-person singular)
deixseti (active present singular subjunctive third-person)
dingetou (active imperative singular third-person)
deixsomosi (active first-person plural present subjunctive)
dingomos (active first-person imperative plural)
deixsetesi (active plural present second-person subjunctive)
dingete (active imperative plural second-person)
deixsonti (active plural present subjunctive third-person)
dingontou (active imperative plural third-person)
dingūr (first-person passive present singular)
didixsūr (first-person future passive singular)
didoigra (first-person passive preterite singular)
dingetar (passive present second-person singular)
didixsetar (future passive second-person singular)
didoigras? (passive preterite second-person singular)
dingetor (passive present singular third-person)
didixsetor (future passive singular third-person)
didoigre (passive preterite singular third-person)
dingommor (first-person passive plural present)
didixsommor (first-person future passive plural)
dingedwe (passive plural present second-person)
didixsedwe (future passive plural second-person)
dingontor (passive plural present third-person)
didixsontor (future passive plural third-person)
deixsūr (first-person passive present singular subjunctive)
deixsetar (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
deixsetor (passive present singular subjunctive third-person)
deixsommor (first-person passive plural present subjunctive)
deixsedwe (passive plural present second-person subjunctive)
deixsontor (passive plural present subjunctive third-person)
dingonts (nominative singular)
dingonte (dual nominative)
dingontes (nominative plural)
dingonts (singular vocative)
dingonte (dual vocative)
dingontes (plural vocative)
dingontam (accusative singular)
dingonte (accusative dual)
dingontans (accusative plural)
dingantos (genitive singular)
dingantom (genitive plural)
dingantei (dative singular)
dingantbom (dative dual)
dingantbos (dative plural)
dingantī? (instrumental singular)
dingantbim (dual instrumental)
dingantbis (instrumental plural)
dingantī (nominative singular)
dingantī (dual nominative)
dingantiyās (nominative plural)
dingantī (singular vocative)
dingantī (dual vocative)
dingantiyās (plural vocative)
dingantīm (accusative singular)
dingantī (accusative dual)
dingantiyans (accusative plural)
dingantyās (genitive singular)
dingantyom (genitive plural)
dingantyāi (dative singular)
dingantyābom (dative dual)
dingantyābos (dative plural)
dingantyābim (dual instrumental)
dingantyābis (instrumental plural)
dingont (nominative singular)
dingonta (nominative plural)
dingont (singular vocative)
dingonta (plural vocative)
dingont (accusative singular)
dingonta (accusative plural)
dixtos (nominative singular)
dixtou (dual nominative)
dixtoi (nominative plural)
dixte (singular vocative)
dixtou (dual vocative)
dixtoi (plural vocative)
dixtom (accusative singular)
dixtou (accusative dual)
dixtons (accusative plural)
dixtī (genitive singular)
dixtous (dual genitive)
dixtom (genitive plural)
dixtūi (dative singular)
dixtobom (dative dual)
dixtobos (dative plural)
dixtū (instrumental singular)
dixtobim (dual instrumental)
dixtobis (instrumental plural)
dixtā (nominative singular)
dixtai (dual nominative)
dixtās (nominative plural)
dixtā (singular vocative)
dixtai (dual vocative)
dixtās (plural vocative)
dixtam (accusative singular)
dixtai (accusative dual)
dixtans (accusative plural)
dixtās (genitive singular)
dixtai (dative singular)
dixtābom (dative dual)
dixtābos (dative plural)
dixtābim (dual instrumental)
dixtābis (instrumental plural)
dixtom (nominative singular)
dixtā (nominative plural)
dixtom (singular vocative)
dixtā (plural vocative)
dixtā (accusative plural)

Old Irish: dingid

Celtiberian: tinketuz (3sg. imperative)

From Proto-Indo-European *dʰeyǵʰ- (“to knead, form”).


guseti

gusū (active first-person present singular)
gusemam (active first-person imperfect singular)
gigussū (active first-person future singular)
gugousa (active first-person preterite singular)
gusesi (active present second-person singular)
gusetās (active imperfect second-person singular)
gigussesi (active future second-person singular)
gugousas? (active preterite second-person singular)
guseti (active present singular third-person)
guseto (active imperfect singular third-person)
gigusseti (active future singular third-person)
gugouse (active preterite singular third-person)
gusomosi (active first-person plural present)
gusemo (active first-person imperfect plural)
gigussomosi (active first-person future plural)
gugousmo (active first-person plural preterite)
gusetesi (active plural present second-person)
gusestē (active imperfect plural second-person)
gigussetesi (active future plural second-person)
gugouse (active plural preterite second-person)
gusonti (active plural present third-person)
gusento (active imperfect plural third-person)
gigussonti (active future plural third-person)
gugousars (active plural preterite third-person)
goussū (active first-person present singular subjunctive)
goussesi (active present second-person singular subjunctive)
guse (active imperative second-person singular)
gousseti (active present singular subjunctive third-person)
gusetou (active imperative singular third-person)
goussomosi (active first-person plural present subjunctive)
gusomos (active first-person imperative plural)
goussetesi (active plural present second-person subjunctive)
gusete (active imperative plural second-person)
goussonti (active plural present subjunctive third-person)
gusontou (active imperative plural third-person)
gusūr (first-person passive present singular)
gigussūr (first-person future passive singular)
gugousra (first-person passive preterite singular)
gusetar (passive present second-person singular)
gigussetar (future passive second-person singular)
gugousras? (passive preterite second-person singular)
gusetor (passive present singular third-person)
gigussetor (future passive singular third-person)
gugousre (passive preterite singular third-person)
gusommor (first-person passive plural present)
gigussommor (first-person future passive plural)
gusedwe (passive plural present second-person)
gigussedwe (future passive plural second-person)
gusontor (passive plural present third-person)
gigussontor (future passive plural third-person)
goussūr (first-person passive present singular subjunctive)
goussetar (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
goussetor (passive present singular subjunctive third-person)
goussommor (first-person passive plural present subjunctive)
goussedwe (passive plural present second-person subjunctive)
goussontor (passive plural present subjunctive third-person)
gusonts (nominative singular)
gusonte (dual nominative)
gusontes (nominative plural)
gusonts (singular vocative)
gusonte (dual vocative)
gusontes (plural vocative)
gusontam (accusative singular)
gusonte (accusative dual)
gusontans (accusative plural)
gusantos (genitive singular)
gusantom (genitive plural)
gusantei (dative singular)
gusantbom (dative dual)
gusantbos (dative plural)
gusantī? (instrumental singular)
gusantbim (dual instrumental)
gusantbis (instrumental plural)
gusantī (nominative singular)
gusantī (dual nominative)
gusantiyās (nominative plural)
gusantī (singular vocative)
gusantī (dual vocative)
gusantiyās (plural vocative)
gusantīm (accusative singular)
gusantī (accusative dual)
gusantiyans (accusative plural)
gusantyās (genitive singular)
gusantyom (genitive plural)
gusantyāi (dative singular)
gusantyābom (dative dual)
gusantyābos (dative plural)
gusantyābim (dual instrumental)
gusantyābis (instrumental plural)
gusont (nominative singular)
gusonta (nominative plural)
gusont (singular vocative)
gusonta (plural vocative)
gusont (accusative singular)
gusonta (accusative plural)
gustos (nominative singular)
gustou (dual nominative)
gustoi (nominative plural)
guste (singular vocative)
gustou (dual vocative)
gustoi (plural vocative)
gustom (accusative singular)
gustou (accusative dual)
gustons (accusative plural)
gustī (genitive singular)
gustous (dual genitive)
gustom (genitive plural)
gustūi (dative singular)
gustobom (dative dual)
gustobos (dative plural)
gustū (instrumental singular)
gustobim (dual instrumental)
gustobis (instrumental plural)
gustā (nominative singular)
gustai (dual nominative)
gustās (nominative plural)
gustā (singular vocative)
gustai (dual vocative)
gustās (plural vocative)
gustam (accusative singular)
gustai (accusative dual)
gustans (accusative plural)
gustās (genitive singular)
gustai (dative singular)
gustābom (dative dual)
gustābos (dative plural)
gustābim (dual instrumental)
gustābis (instrumental plural)
gustom (nominative singular)
gustā (nominative plural)
gustom (singular vocative)
gustā (plural vocative)
gustā (accusative plural)

⇒ Old Irish: asa·gúsi

⇒ Old Irish: do·goa

From Proto-Indo-European *ǵéwseti (“to taste, choose”), converted to the zero grade.


bayeti

bayū (active first-person present singular)
bayemam (active first-person imperfect singular)
bibasū (active first-person future singular)
bebū (active first-person preterite singular)
bayesi (active present second-person singular)
bayetās (active imperfect second-person singular)
bibasesi (active future second-person singular)
bebūs (active preterite second-person singular)
bayeti (active present singular third-person)
bayeto (active imperfect singular third-person)
bibaseti (active future singular third-person)
bebū (active preterite singular third-person)
bayomosi (active first-person plural present)
bayemo (active first-person imperfect plural)
bibasomosi (active first-person future plural)
bebamo (active first-person plural preterite)
bayetesi (active plural present second-person)
bayestē (active imperfect plural second-person)
bibasetesi (active future plural second-person)
bebate (active plural preterite second-person)
bayonti (active plural present third-person)
bayento (active imperfect plural third-person)
bibasonti (active future plural third-person)
bebars (active plural preterite third-person)
bāsū (active first-person present singular subjunctive)
bāsesi (active present second-person singular subjunctive)
baye (active imperative second-person singular)
bāseti (active present singular subjunctive third-person)
bayetou (active imperative singular third-person)
bāsomosi (active first-person plural present subjunctive)
bayomos (active first-person imperative plural)
bāsetesi (active plural present second-person subjunctive)
bayete (active imperative plural second-person)
bāsonti (active plural present subjunctive third-person)
bayontou (active imperative plural third-person)
bayūr (first-person passive present singular)
bibasūr (first-person future passive singular)
bayetar (passive present second-person singular)
bibasetar (future passive second-person singular)
bayetor (passive present singular third-person)
bibasetor (future passive singular third-person)
bayommor (first-person passive plural present)
bibasommor (first-person future passive plural)
bayedwe (passive plural present second-person)
bibasedwe (future passive plural second-person)
bayontor (passive plural present third-person)
bibasontor (future passive plural third-person)
bāsūr (first-person passive present singular subjunctive)
bāsetar (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
bāsetor (passive present singular subjunctive third-person)
bāsommor (first-person passive plural present subjunctive)
bāsedwe (passive plural present second-person subjunctive)
bāsontor (passive plural present subjunctive third-person)
bayonts (nominative singular)
bayonte (dual nominative)
bayontes (nominative plural)
bayonts (singular vocative)
bayonte (dual vocative)
bayontes (plural vocative)
bayontam (accusative singular)
bayonte (accusative dual)
bayontans (accusative plural)
bayantos (genitive singular)
bayantom (genitive plural)
bayantei (dative singular)
bayantbom (dative dual)
bayantbos (dative plural)
bayantī? (instrumental singular)
bayantbim (dual instrumental)
bayantbis (instrumental plural)
bayantī (nominative singular)
bayantī (dual nominative)
bayantiyās (nominative plural)
bayantī (singular vocative)
bayantī (dual vocative)
bayantiyās (plural vocative)
bayantīm (accusative singular)
bayantī (accusative dual)
bayantiyans (accusative plural)
bayantyās (genitive singular)
bayantyom (genitive plural)
bayantyāi (dative singular)
bayantyābom (dative dual)
bayantyābos (dative plural)
bayantyābim (dual instrumental)
bayantyābis (instrumental plural)
bayont (nominative singular)
bayonta (nominative plural)
bayont (singular vocative)
bayonta (plural vocative)
bayont (accusative singular)
bayonta (accusative plural)
batos (nominative singular)
batou (dual nominative)
batoi (nominative plural)
bate (singular vocative)
batou (dual vocative)
batoi (plural vocative)
batom (accusative singular)
batou (accusative dual)
batons (accusative plural)
batī (genitive singular)
batous (dual genitive)
batom (genitive plural)
batūi (dative singular)
batobom (dative dual)
batobos (dative plural)
batū (instrumental singular)
batobim (dual instrumental)
batobis (instrumental plural)
batā (nominative singular)
batai (dual nominative)
batās (nominative plural)
batā (singular vocative)
batai (dual vocative)
batās (plural vocative)
batam (accusative singular)
batai (accusative dual)
batans (accusative plural)
batās (genitive singular)
batai (dative singular)
batābom (dative dual)
batābos (dative plural)
batābim (dual instrumental)
batābis (instrumental plural)
batom (nominative singular)
batā (nominative plural)
batom (singular vocative)
batā (plural vocative)
batā (accusative plural)

Old Irish: baïd

From Proto-Indo-European *gʷeh₂- (“to go”); semantic evolution "go away" > "die".


altrawū

altrawū (nominative singular)
altrawone? (dual nominative)
altrawones (nominative plural)
altrawū (singular vocative)
altrawone? (dual vocative)
altrawones (plural vocative)
altrawonam (accusative singular)
altrawone? (accusative dual)
altrawonans (accusative plural)
altrawonos (genitive singular)
altrawonows? (dual genitive)
altrawonom (genitive plural)
altrawonei (dative singular)
altrawombom (dative dual)
altrawombos (dative plural)
altrawon (locative singular)
altrawoni (locative singular)
altrawonei (instrumental singular)
altrawombim (dual instrumental)
altrawombis (instrumental plural)

Proto-Brythonic: *alltrọw

Breton: aotroù (“lord”)

Cornish: altrow (“stepfather”)

Welsh: alltraw (“godfather”)

Welsh: athro (“teacher”)

Middle Irish: altra (“foster father”)

Irish: altra (“foster father”)

From *altros (“foster”), from *altos (“nourished, fostered”) + *-tros, + *awū (“uncle”).


ɸroannketi

ɸroannkū (active first-person present singular)
ɸroannkemam (active first-person imperfect singular)
ɸroīnxsū (active first-person future singular)
ɸroānonka (active first-person preterite singular)
ɸroannkesi (active present second-person singular)
ɸroannketās (active imperfect second-person singular)
ɸroīnxsesi (active future second-person singular)
ɸroānonkas? (active preterite second-person singular)
ɸroannketi (active present singular third-person)
ɸroannketo (active imperfect singular third-person)
ɸroīnxseti (active future singular third-person)
ɸroānonke (active preterite singular third-person)
ɸroannkomosi (active first-person plural present)
ɸroannkemo (active first-person imperfect plural)
ɸroīnxsomosi (active first-person future plural)
ɸroānonkmo (active first-person plural preterite)
ɸroannketesi (active plural present second-person)
ɸroannkestē (active imperfect plural second-person)
ɸroīnxsetesi (active future plural second-person)
ɸroānonxte (active plural preterite second-person)
ɸroannkonti (active plural present third-person)
ɸroannkento (active imperfect plural third-person)
ɸroīnxsonti (active future plural third-person)
ɸroānonkars (active plural preterite third-person)
ɸroīnxsū (active first-person present singular subjunctive)
ɸroīnxsesi (active present second-person singular subjunctive)
ɸroannke (active imperative second-person singular)
ɸroīnxseti (active present singular subjunctive third-person)
ɸroannketou (active imperative singular third-person)
ɸroīnxsomosi (active first-person plural present subjunctive)
ɸroannkomos (active first-person imperative plural)
ɸroīnxsetesi (active plural present second-person subjunctive)
ɸroannkete (active imperative plural second-person)
ɸroīnxsonti (active plural present subjunctive third-person)
ɸroannkontou (active imperative plural third-person)
ɸroannkūr (first-person passive present singular)
ɸroīnxsūr (first-person future passive singular)
ɸroānonkra (first-person passive preterite singular)
ɸroannketar (passive present second-person singular)
ɸroīnxsetar (future passive second-person singular)
ɸroānonkras? (passive preterite second-person singular)
ɸroannketor (passive present singular third-person)
ɸroīnxsetor (future passive singular third-person)
ɸroānonkre (passive preterite singular third-person)
ɸroannkommor (first-person passive plural present)
ɸroīnxsommor (first-person future passive plural)
ɸroannkedwe (passive plural present second-person)
ɸroīnxsedwe (future passive plural second-person)
ɸroannkontor (passive plural present third-person)
ɸroīnxsontor (future passive plural third-person)
ɸroīnxsūr (first-person passive present singular subjunctive)
ɸroīnxsetar (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
ɸroīnxsetor (passive present singular subjunctive third-person)
ɸroīnxsommor (first-person passive plural present subjunctive)
ɸroīnxsedwe (passive plural present second-person subjunctive)
ɸroīnxsontor (passive plural present subjunctive third-person)
ɸroannkonts (nominative singular)
ɸroannkonte (dual nominative)
ɸroannkontes (nominative plural)
ɸroannkonts (singular vocative)
ɸroannkonte (dual vocative)
ɸroannkontes (plural vocative)
ɸroannkontam (accusative singular)
ɸroannkonte (accusative dual)
ɸroannkontans (accusative plural)
ɸroannkantos (genitive singular)
ɸroannkantom (genitive plural)
ɸroannkantei (dative singular)
ɸroannkantbom (dative dual)
ɸroannkantbos (dative plural)
ɸroannkantī? (instrumental singular)
ɸroannkantbim (dual instrumental)
ɸroannkantbis (instrumental plural)
ɸroannkantī (nominative singular)
ɸroannkantī (dual nominative)
ɸroannkantiyās (nominative plural)
ɸroannkantī (singular vocative)
ɸroannkantī (dual vocative)
ɸroannkantiyās (plural vocative)
ɸroannkantīm (accusative singular)
ɸroannkantī (accusative dual)
ɸroannkantiyans (accusative plural)
ɸroannkantyās (genitive singular)
ɸroannkantyom (genitive plural)
ɸroannkantyāi (dative singular)
ɸroannkantyābom (dative dual)
ɸroannkantyābos (dative plural)
ɸroannkantyābim (dual instrumental)
ɸroannkantyābis (instrumental plural)
ɸroannkont (nominative singular)
ɸroannkonta (nominative plural)
ɸroannkont (singular vocative)
ɸroannkonta (plural vocative)
ɸroannkont (accusative singular)
ɸroannkonta (accusative plural)
ɸroanxtos (nominative singular)
ɸroanxtou (dual nominative)
ɸroanxtoi (nominative plural)
ɸroanxte (singular vocative)
ɸroanxtou (dual vocative)
ɸroanxtoi (plural vocative)
ɸroanxtom (accusative singular)
ɸroanxtou (accusative dual)
ɸroanxtons (accusative plural)
ɸroanxtī (genitive singular)
ɸroanxtous (dual genitive)
ɸroanxtom (genitive plural)
ɸroanxtūi (dative singular)
ɸroanxtobom (dative dual)
ɸroanxtobos (dative plural)
ɸroanxtū (instrumental singular)
ɸroanxtobim (dual instrumental)
ɸroanxtobis (instrumental plural)
ɸroanxtā (nominative singular)
ɸroanxtai (dual nominative)
ɸroanxtās (nominative plural)
ɸroanxtā (singular vocative)
ɸroanxtai (dual vocative)
ɸroanxtās (plural vocative)
ɸroanxtam (accusative singular)
ɸroanxtai (accusative dual)
ɸroanxtans (accusative plural)
ɸroanxtās (genitive singular)
ɸroanxtai (dative singular)
ɸroanxtābom (dative dual)
ɸroanxtābos (dative plural)
ɸroanxtābim (dual instrumental)
ɸroanxtābis (instrumental plural)
ɸroanxtom (nominative singular)
ɸroanxtā (nominative plural)
ɸroanxtom (singular vocative)
ɸroanxtā (plural vocative)
ɸroanxtā (accusative plural)

Proto-Brythonic: *rėnkɨd

Middle Breton: ranquout, rencout

Breton: rankout

Middle Welsh: rhyngu, rhengi

desctree

Old Irish: ro·icc
Irish: righ
Manx: raink (suppletive past stem of rosh)
Scottish Gaelic: ruig


begeti

begū (active first-person present singular)
begemam (active first-person imperfect singular)
bāga (active first-person preterite singular)
begesi (active present second-person singular)
begetās (active imperfect second-person singular)
bāgas? (active preterite second-person singular)
begeti (active present singular third-person)
begeto (active imperfect singular third-person)
bāge (active preterite singular third-person)
begomosi (active first-person plural present)
begemo (active first-person imperfect plural)
bāgmo (active first-person plural preterite)
begetesi (active plural present second-person)
begestē (active imperfect plural second-person)
bāxte (active plural preterite second-person)
begonti (active plural present third-person)
begento (active imperfect plural third-person)
bāgars (active plural preterite third-person)
bexsū (active first-person present singular subjunctive)
bexsesi (active present second-person singular subjunctive)
bege (active imperative second-person singular)
bexseti (active present singular subjunctive third-person)
begetou (active imperative singular third-person)
bexsomosi (active first-person plural present subjunctive)
begomos (active first-person imperative plural)
bexsetesi (active plural present second-person subjunctive)
begete (active imperative plural second-person)
bexsonti (active plural present subjunctive third-person)
begontou (active imperative plural third-person)
begūr (first-person passive present singular)
bāgra (first-person passive preterite singular)
begetar (passive present second-person singular)
bāgras? (passive preterite second-person singular)
begetor (passive present singular third-person)
bāgre (passive preterite singular third-person)
begommor (first-person passive plural present)
begedwe (passive plural present second-person)
begontor (passive plural present third-person)
bexsūr (first-person passive present singular subjunctive)
bexsetar (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
bexsetor (passive present singular subjunctive third-person)
bexsommor (first-person passive plural present subjunctive)
bexsedwe (passive plural present second-person subjunctive)
bexsontor (passive plural present subjunctive third-person)
begonts (nominative singular)
begonte (dual nominative)
begontes (nominative plural)
begonts (singular vocative)
begonte (dual vocative)
begontes (plural vocative)
begontam (accusative singular)
begonte (accusative dual)
begontans (accusative plural)
begantos (genitive singular)
begantom (genitive plural)
begantei (dative singular)
begantbom (dative dual)
begantbos (dative plural)
begantī? (instrumental singular)
begantbim (dual instrumental)
begantbis (instrumental plural)
begantī (nominative singular)
begantī (dual nominative)
begantiyās (nominative plural)
begantī (singular vocative)
begantī (dual vocative)
begantiyās (plural vocative)
begantīm (accusative singular)
begantī (accusative dual)
begantiyans (accusative plural)
begantyās (genitive singular)
begantyom (genitive plural)
begantyāi (dative singular)
begantyābom (dative dual)
begantyābos (dative plural)
begantyābim (dual instrumental)
begantyābis (instrumental plural)
begont (nominative singular)
begonta (nominative plural)
begont (singular vocative)
begonta (plural vocative)
begont (accusative singular)
begonta (accusative plural)
bextos (nominative singular)
bextou (dual nominative)
bextoi (nominative plural)
bexte (singular vocative)
bextou (dual vocative)
bextoi (plural vocative)
bextom (accusative singular)
bextou (accusative dual)
bextons (accusative plural)
bextī (genitive singular)
bextous (dual genitive)
bextom (genitive plural)
bextūi (dative singular)
bextobom (dative dual)
bextobos (dative plural)
bextū (instrumental singular)
bextobim (dual instrumental)
bextobis (instrumental plural)
bextā (nominative singular)
bextai (dual nominative)
bextās (nominative plural)
bextā (singular vocative)
bextai (dual vocative)
bextās (plural vocative)
bextam (accusative singular)
bextai (accusative dual)
bextans (accusative plural)
bextās (genitive singular)
bextai (dative singular)
bextābom (dative dual)
bextābos (dative plural)
bextābim (dual instrumental)
bextābis (instrumental plural)
bextom (nominative singular)
bextā (nominative plural)
bextom (singular vocative)
bextā (plural vocative)
bextā (accusative plural)

Old Irish: ro·mbecht (passive singular)


dalnīti

dalnīmi (active first-person present singular)
dalnamam (active first-person imperfect singular)
didlāsū (active first-person future singular)
dilam (active first-person preterite singular)
dalnīsi (active present second-person singular)
dalnatās (active imperfect second-person singular)
didlāsesi (active future second-person singular)
dils (active preterite second-person singular)
dalnīti (active present singular third-person)
dalnato (active imperfect singular third-person)
didlāseti (active future singular third-person)
dilt (active preterite singular third-person)
dalnamosi (active first-person plural present)
dalnamo (active first-person imperfect plural)
didlāsomosi (active first-person future plural)
dilme (active first-person plural preterite)
dalnatesi (active plural present second-person)
dalnastē (active imperfect plural second-person)
didlāsetesi (active future plural second-person)
dilte (active plural preterite second-person)
dalnenti (active plural present third-person)
dalnanto (active imperfect plural third-person)
didlāsonti (active future plural third-person)
dilant (active plural preterite third-person)
delasū (active first-person present singular subjunctive)
delasesi (active present second-person singular subjunctive)
dalnī (active imperative second-person singular)
delaseti (active present singular subjunctive third-person)
dalnītou (active imperative singular third-person)
delasomosi (active first-person plural present subjunctive)
dalnamos (active first-person imperative plural)
delasetesi (active plural present second-person subjunctive)
dalnate (active imperative plural second-person)
delasonti (active plural present subjunctive third-person)
dalnentou (active imperative plural third-person)
dalnīr (first-person passive present singular)
didlāsūr (first-person future passive singular)
dalnītar (passive present second-person singular)
didlāsetar (future passive second-person singular)
dalnītor (passive present singular third-person)
didlāsetor (future passive singular third-person)
dalnammor (first-person passive plural present)
didlāsommor (first-person future passive plural)
dalnadwe (passive plural present second-person)
didlāsedwe (future passive plural second-person)
dalnentor (passive plural present third-person)
didlāsontor (future passive plural third-person)
dilanto (passive plural preterite third-person)
delasūr (first-person passive present singular subjunctive)
delasetar (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
delasetor (passive present singular subjunctive third-person)
delasommor (first-person passive plural present subjunctive)
delasedwe (passive plural present second-person subjunctive)
delasontor (passive plural present subjunctive third-person)
dalnonts (nominative singular)
dalnonte (dual nominative)
dalnontes (nominative plural)
dalnonts (singular vocative)
dalnonte (dual vocative)
dalnontes (plural vocative)
dalnontam (accusative singular)
dalnonte (accusative dual)
dalnontans (accusative plural)
dalnantos (genitive singular)
dalnantom (genitive plural)
dalnantei (dative singular)
dalnantbom (dative dual)
dalnantbos (dative plural)
dalnantī? (instrumental singular)
dalnantbim (dual instrumental)
dalnantbis (instrumental plural)
dalnantī (nominative singular)
dalnantī (dual nominative)
dalnantiyās (nominative plural)
dalnantī (singular vocative)
dalnantī (dual vocative)
dalnantiyās (plural vocative)
dalnantīm (accusative singular)
dalnantī (accusative dual)
dalnantiyans (accusative plural)
dalnantyās (genitive singular)
dalnantyom (genitive plural)
dalnantyāi (dative singular)
dalnantyābom (dative dual)
dalnantyābos (dative plural)
dalnantyābim (dual instrumental)
dalnantyābis (instrumental plural)
dalnont (nominative singular)
dalnonta (nominative plural)
dalnont (singular vocative)
dalnonta (plural vocative)
dalnont (accusative singular)
dalnonta (accusative plural)

Proto-Brythonic: *dėlnjọd

Middle Welsh: deillyau

Welsh: deillio

From Proto-Indo-European *dʰelh₁-, related to Ancient Greek θάλλω (thállō).


awū

awū (nominative singular)
awone? (dual nominative)
awones (nominative plural)
awū (singular vocative)
awone? (dual vocative)
awones (plural vocative)
awonam (accusative singular)
awone? (accusative dual)
awonans (accusative plural)
awonos (genitive singular)
awonows? (dual genitive)
awonom (genitive plural)
awonei (dative singular)
awombom (dative dual)
awombos (dative plural)
awon (locative singular)
awoni (locative singular)
awonei (instrumental singular)
awombim (dual instrumental)
awombis (instrumental plural)

From Proto-Indo-European *h₂éwh₂-ō ~ *h₂uh₂-nés, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂éwh₂os (“maternal grandfather, uncle”).


brendeti

brendū (active first-person present singular)
brendemam (active first-person imperfect singular)
bibrantsū (active first-person future singular)
bebronda (active first-person preterite singular)
brendesi (active present second-person singular)
brendetās (active imperfect second-person singular)
bibrantsesi (active future second-person singular)
bebrondas? (active preterite second-person singular)
brendeti (active present singular third-person)
brendeto (active imperfect singular third-person)
bibrantseti (active future singular third-person)
bebronde (active preterite singular third-person)
brendomosi (active first-person plural present)
brendemo (active first-person imperfect plural)
bibrantsomosi (active first-person future plural)
bebrondmo (active first-person plural preterite)
brendetesi (active plural present second-person)
brendestē (active imperfect plural second-person)
bibrantsetesi (active future plural second-person)
bebronsse (active plural preterite second-person)
brendonti (active plural present third-person)
brendento (active imperfect plural third-person)
bibrantsonti (active future plural third-person)
bebrondars (active plural preterite third-person)
brentsū (active first-person present singular subjunctive)
brentsesi (active present second-person singular subjunctive)
brende (active imperative second-person singular)
brentseti (active present singular subjunctive third-person)
brendetou (active imperative singular third-person)
brentsomosi (active first-person plural present subjunctive)
brendomos (active first-person imperative plural)
brentsetesi (active plural present second-person subjunctive)
brendete (active imperative plural second-person)
brentsonti (active plural present subjunctive third-person)
brendontou (active imperative plural third-person)
brendūr (first-person passive present singular)
bibrantsūr (first-person future passive singular)
bebrondra (first-person passive preterite singular)
brendetar (passive present second-person singular)
bibrantsetar (future passive second-person singular)
bebrondras? (passive preterite second-person singular)
brendetor (passive present singular third-person)
bibrantsetor (future passive singular third-person)
bebrondre (passive preterite singular third-person)
brendommor (first-person passive plural present)
bibrantsommor (first-person future passive plural)
brendedwe (passive plural present second-person)
bibrantsedwe (future passive plural second-person)
brendontor (passive plural present third-person)
bibrantsontor (future passive plural third-person)
brentsūr (first-person passive present singular subjunctive)
brentsetar (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
brentsetor (passive present singular subjunctive third-person)
brentsommor (first-person passive plural present subjunctive)
brentsedwe (passive plural present second-person subjunctive)
brentsontor (passive plural present subjunctive third-person)
brendonts (nominative singular)
brendonte (dual nominative)
brendontes (nominative plural)
brendonts (singular vocative)
brendonte (dual vocative)
brendontes (plural vocative)
brendontam (accusative singular)
brendonte (accusative dual)
brendontans (accusative plural)
brendantos (genitive singular)
brendantom (genitive plural)
brendantei (dative singular)
brendantbom (dative dual)
brendantbos (dative plural)
brendantī? (instrumental singular)
brendantbim (dual instrumental)
brendantbis (instrumental plural)
brendantī (nominative singular)
brendantī (dual nominative)
brendantiyās (nominative plural)
brendantī (singular vocative)
brendantī (dual vocative)
brendantiyās (plural vocative)
brendantīm (accusative singular)
brendantī (accusative dual)
brendantiyans (accusative plural)
brendantyās (genitive singular)
brendantyom (genitive plural)
brendantyāi (dative singular)
brendantyābom (dative dual)
brendantyābos (dative plural)
brendantyābim (dual instrumental)
brendantyābis (instrumental plural)
brendont (nominative singular)
brendonta (nominative plural)
brendont (singular vocative)
brendonta (plural vocative)
brendont (accusative singular)
brendonta (accusative plural)

Only possible cognates in Baltic (such as Lithuanian bręsti (“to ripen”)) have been identified, leading to a possible root *bʰrendʰ- to be reconstructed to cover both the Baltic and Celtic material.


bundeti

bundū (active first-person present singular)
bundemam (active first-person imperfect singular)
bibutsū (active first-person future singular)
bubouda (active first-person preterite singular)
bundesi (active present second-person singular)
bundetās (active imperfect second-person singular)
bibutsesi (active future second-person singular)
buboudas? (active preterite second-person singular)
bundeti (active present singular third-person)
bundeto (active imperfect singular third-person)
bibutseti (active future singular third-person)
buboude (active preterite singular third-person)
bundomosi (active first-person plural present)
bundemo (active first-person imperfect plural)
bibutsomosi (active first-person future plural)
buboudmo (active first-person plural preterite)
bundetesi (active plural present second-person)
bundestē (active imperfect plural second-person)
bibutsetesi (active future plural second-person)
bubousse (active plural preterite second-person)
bundonti (active plural present third-person)
bundento (active imperfect plural third-person)
bibutsonti (active future plural third-person)
buboudars (active plural preterite third-person)
boutsū (active first-person present singular subjunctive)
boutsesi (active present second-person singular subjunctive)
bunde (active imperative second-person singular)
boutseti (active present singular subjunctive third-person)
bundetou (active imperative singular third-person)
boutsomosi (active first-person plural present subjunctive)
bundomos (active first-person imperative plural)
boutsetesi (active plural present second-person subjunctive)
bundete (active imperative plural second-person)
boutsonti (active plural present subjunctive third-person)
bundontou (active imperative plural third-person)
bundūr (first-person passive present singular)
bibutsūr (first-person future passive singular)
buboudra (first-person passive preterite singular)
bundetar (passive present second-person singular)
bibutsetar (future passive second-person singular)
buboudras? (passive preterite second-person singular)
bundetor (passive present singular third-person)
bibutsetor (future passive singular third-person)
buboudre (passive preterite singular third-person)
bundommor (first-person passive plural present)
bibutsommor (first-person future passive plural)
bundedwe (passive plural present second-person)
bibutsedwe (future passive plural second-person)
bundontor (passive plural present third-person)
bibutsontor (future passive plural third-person)
boutsūr (first-person passive present singular subjunctive)
boutsetar (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
boutsetor (passive present singular subjunctive third-person)
boutsommor (first-person passive plural present subjunctive)
boutsedwe (passive plural present second-person subjunctive)
boutsontor (passive plural present subjunctive third-person)
bundonts (nominative singular)
bundonte (dual nominative)
bundontes (nominative plural)
bundonts (singular vocative)
bundonte (dual vocative)
bundontes (plural vocative)
bundontam (accusative singular)
bundonte (accusative dual)
bundontans (accusative plural)
bundantos (genitive singular)
bundantom (genitive plural)
bundantei (dative singular)
bundantbom (dative dual)
bundantbos (dative plural)
bundantī? (instrumental singular)
bundantbim (dual instrumental)
bundantbis (instrumental plural)
bundantī (nominative singular)
bundantī (dual nominative)
bundantiyās (nominative plural)
bundantī (singular vocative)
bundantī (dual vocative)
bundantiyās (plural vocative)
bundantīm (accusative singular)
bundantī (accusative dual)
bundantiyans (accusative plural)
bundantyās (genitive singular)
bundantyom (genitive plural)
bundantyāi (dative singular)
bundantyābom (dative dual)
bundantyābos (dative plural)
bundantyābim (dual instrumental)
bundantyābis (instrumental plural)
bundont (nominative singular)
bundonta (nominative plural)
bundont (singular vocative)
bundonta (plural vocative)
bundont (accusative singular)
bundonta (accusative plural)
bussos (nominative singular)
bussou (dual nominative)
bussoi (nominative plural)
busse (singular vocative)
bussou (dual vocative)
bussoi (plural vocative)
bussom (accusative singular)
bussou (accusative dual)
bussons (accusative plural)
bussī (genitive singular)
bussous (dual genitive)
bussom (genitive plural)
bussūi (dative singular)
bussobom (dative dual)
bussobos (dative plural)
bussū (instrumental singular)
bussobim (dual instrumental)
bussobis (instrumental plural)
bussā (nominative singular)
bussai (dual nominative)
bussās (nominative plural)
bussā (singular vocative)
bussai (dual vocative)
bussās (plural vocative)
bussam (accusative singular)
bussai (accusative dual)
bussans (accusative plural)
bussās (genitive singular)
bussai (dative singular)
bussābom (dative dual)
bussābos (dative plural)
bussābim (dual instrumental)
bussābis (instrumental plural)
bussom (nominative singular)
bussā (nominative plural)
bussom (singular vocative)
bussā (plural vocative)
bussā (accusative plural)

From Proto-Indo-European *bʰewdʰ- (“to be awake”)


damnāti

damnāmi (active first-person present singular)
damnamam (active first-person imperfect singular)
damnāsi (active present second-person singular)
damnatās (active imperfect second-person singular)
damnāti (active present singular third-person)
damnato (active imperfect singular third-person)
damnamosi (active first-person plural present)
damnamo (active first-person imperfect plural)
damnatesi (active plural present second-person)
damnastē (active imperfect plural second-person)
damnanti (active plural present third-person)
damnanto (active imperfect plural third-person)
damnā (active imperative second-person singular)
damnātou (active imperative singular third-person)
damnamos (active first-person imperative plural)
damnate (active imperative plural second-person)
damnantou (active imperative plural third-person)
damnār (first-person passive present singular)
damnātar (passive present second-person singular)
damnātor (passive present singular third-person)
damnammor (first-person passive plural present)
damnadwe (passive plural present second-person)
damnantor (passive plural present third-person)
damnonts (nominative singular)
damnonte (dual nominative)
damnontes (nominative plural)
damnonts (singular vocative)
damnonte (dual vocative)
damnontes (plural vocative)
damnontam (accusative singular)
damnonte (accusative dual)
damnontans (accusative plural)
damnantos (genitive singular)
damnantom (genitive plural)
damnantei (dative singular)
damnantbom (dative dual)
damnantbos (dative plural)
damnantī? (instrumental singular)
damnantbim (dual instrumental)
damnantbis (instrumental plural)
damnantī (nominative singular)
damnantī (dual nominative)
damnantiyās (nominative plural)
damnantī (singular vocative)
damnantī (dual vocative)
damnantiyās (plural vocative)
damnantīm (accusative singular)
damnantī (accusative dual)
damnantiyans (accusative plural)
damnantyās (genitive singular)
damnantyom (genitive plural)
damnantyāi (dative singular)
damnantyābom (dative dual)
damnantyābos (dative plural)
damnantyābim (dual instrumental)
damnantyābis (instrumental plural)
damnont (nominative singular)
damnonta (nominative plural)
damnont (singular vocative)
damnonta (plural vocative)
damnont (accusative singular)
damnonta (accusative plural)

Old Irish: damnaid (“to subdue”)

From Proto-Indo-European *demh₂- (“to subdue, tame”).


delgos

delgos (nominative singular)
delgese? (dual nominative)
delgesa (nominative plural)
delgos (singular vocative)
delgese? (dual vocative)
delgesa (plural vocative)
delgos (accusative singular)
delgese? (accusative dual)
delgesa (accusative plural)
delgesos (genitive singular)
delgesous? (dual genitive)
delgesom (genitive plural)
delgesei (dative singular)
delgesbom (dative dual)
delgesbos (dative plural)
delgesi (locative singular)
delgesei (instrumental singular)
delgesbim (dual instrumental)
delgesbis (instrumental plural)

desctree

Old Irish: delg n (“thorn; pin”)
Middle Irish: delg m (o-stem)
Irish: dealg f (“thorn”)
Scottish Gaelic: dealg f (“thorn”)
Manx: jialg f (“acanthus”)

Proto-Brythonic:

Middle Welsh: dala m (“sting”)

Old Cornish: delc(h) (“jewel”)

Proto-Brythonic: *dlekt-?

Middle Welsh: dyleith m (“lock”)

Breton: dleizen f (“bolt (of a lock)”)

Gaulish:

→? Vulgar Latin: *daculum (“sickle”) (see there for further descendants)

→? Latin: Delgo-uicia (place name)

From Proto-Indo-European *dʰelg- (“sting”), whence also Proto-Germanic *dalkaz, Latin falx.


brīgos

brīgos (nominative singular)
brīge (singular vocative)
brīgom (accusative singular)
brīgī (genitive singular)
brīgūi (dative singular)
brīgei (locative singular)
brīgū (instrumental singular)

Proto-Brythonic: *briɣ

Middle Breton: bry

Cornish: bry

Middle Welsh: bri

Welsh: bri

Gaulish: *brīgos

→ Vulgar Latin: *brīgus

>? Italian: briga (see there for further descendants)

Old Occitan: briu

Catalan: briu

→ Spanish: brío
→ Italian: brio
→ English: brio
→ French: brio

→? Old Galician-Portuguese: brio

Galician: brío

Portuguese: brio

>? Sicilian: sbriguni

Possibly from Proto-Indo-European *bʰrḗǵʰ-o-s, thematized from *bʰrḗǵʰ-s ~ *bʰréǵʰ-s, from liquid metathesized *bʰerǵʰ- (“to rise; high”), compare cognates Latin fortis (“strong, powerful”), Sanskrit बृहत् (bṛhat, “mighty, strong”). Alternatively related to Proto-West Germanic *krīgan (“to strive”) and Ancient Greek βρῖθος (brîthos, “weight”), from hypothetical Proto-Indo-European *gʷreyH-, however the Greek is likely a substrate borrowing, and neither are semantically compelling.


brīgā

brīgā (nominative singular)
brīgā (singular vocative)
brīgam (accusative singular)
brīgās (genitive singular)
brīgāi (dative singular)
brīgai (locative singular)

desctree

Old Irish: bríg
Irish: brí
Manx: bree
Scottish Gaelic: brìgh


grindeti

grindū (active first-person present singular)
grindemam (active first-person imperfect singular)
gigritsū (active first-person future singular)
gigroida (active first-person preterite singular)
grindesi (active present second-person singular)
grindetās (active imperfect second-person singular)
gigritsesi (active future second-person singular)
gigroidas? (active preterite second-person singular)
grindeti (active present singular third-person)
grindeto (active imperfect singular third-person)
gigritseti (active future singular third-person)
gigroide (active preterite singular third-person)
grindomosi (active first-person plural present)
grindemo (active first-person imperfect plural)
gigritsomosi (active first-person future plural)
gigroidmo (active first-person plural preterite)
grindetesi (active plural present second-person)
grindestē (active imperfect plural second-person)
gigritsetesi (active future plural second-person)
gigroisse (active plural preterite second-person)
grindonti (active plural present third-person)
grindento (active imperfect plural third-person)
gigritsonti (active future plural third-person)
gigroidars (active plural preterite third-person)
greitsū (active first-person present singular subjunctive)
greitsesi (active present second-person singular subjunctive)
grinde (active imperative second-person singular)
greitseti (active present singular subjunctive third-person)
grindetou (active imperative singular third-person)
greitsomosi (active first-person plural present subjunctive)
grindomos (active first-person imperative plural)
greitsetesi (active plural present second-person subjunctive)
grindete (active imperative plural second-person)
greitsonti (active plural present subjunctive third-person)
grindontou (active imperative plural third-person)
grindūr (first-person passive present singular)
gigritsūr (first-person future passive singular)
gigroidra (first-person passive preterite singular)
grindetar (passive present second-person singular)
gigritsetar (future passive second-person singular)
gigroidras? (passive preterite second-person singular)
grindetor (passive present singular third-person)
gigritsetor (future passive singular third-person)
gigroidre (passive preterite singular third-person)
grindommor (first-person passive plural present)
gigritsommor (first-person future passive plural)
grindedwe (passive plural present second-person)
gigritsedwe (future passive plural second-person)
grindontor (passive plural present third-person)
gigritsontor (future passive plural third-person)
greitsūr (first-person passive present singular subjunctive)
greitsetar (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
greitsetor (passive present singular subjunctive third-person)
greitsommor (first-person passive plural present subjunctive)
greitsedwe (passive plural present second-person subjunctive)
greitsontor (passive plural present subjunctive third-person)
grindonts (nominative singular)
grindonte (dual nominative)
grindontes (nominative plural)
grindonts (singular vocative)
grindonte (dual vocative)
grindontes (plural vocative)
grindontam (accusative singular)
grindonte (accusative dual)
grindontans (accusative plural)
grindantos (genitive singular)
grindantom (genitive plural)
grindantei (dative singular)
grindantbom (dative dual)
grindantbos (dative plural)
grindantī? (instrumental singular)
grindantbim (dual instrumental)
grindantbis (instrumental plural)
grindantī (nominative singular)
grindantī (dual nominative)
grindantiyās (nominative plural)
grindantī (singular vocative)
grindantī (dual vocative)
grindantiyās (plural vocative)
grindantīm (accusative singular)
grindantī (accusative dual)
grindantiyans (accusative plural)
grindantyās (genitive singular)
grindantyom (genitive plural)
grindantyāi (dative singular)
grindantyābom (dative dual)
grindantyābos (dative plural)
grindantyābim (dual instrumental)
grindantyābis (instrumental plural)
grindont (nominative singular)
grindonta (nominative plural)
grindont (singular vocative)
grindonta (plural vocative)
grindont (accusative singular)
grindonta (accusative plural)
grissos (nominative singular)
grissou (dual nominative)
grissoi (nominative plural)
grisse (singular vocative)
grissou (dual vocative)
grissoi (plural vocative)
grissom (accusative singular)
grissou (accusative dual)
grissons (accusative plural)
grissī (genitive singular)
grissous (dual genitive)
grissom (genitive plural)
grissūi (dative singular)
grissobom (dative dual)
grissobos (dative plural)
grissū (instrumental singular)
grissobim (dual instrumental)
grissobis (instrumental plural)
grissā (nominative singular)
grissai (dual nominative)
grissās (nominative plural)
grissā (singular vocative)
grissai (dual vocative)
grissās (plural vocative)
grissam (accusative singular)
grissai (accusative dual)
grissans (accusative plural)
grissās (genitive singular)
grissai (dative singular)
grissābom (dative dual)
grissābos (dative plural)
grissābim (dual instrumental)
grissābis (instrumental plural)
grissom (nominative singular)
grissā (nominative plural)
grissom (singular vocative)
grissā (plural vocative)
grissā (accusative plural)

Proto-Brythonic: *grɨnnjọd

desc

Middle Welsh: grynio, grynu, grynnyaw, grynnyau

Welsh: grynio

From Proto-Indo-European *gʰreydʰ-, whence also Old Church Slavonic грѧсти (gręsti, “to go”) and Gothic 𐌲𐍂𐌹𐌳 (grid). See Proto-Slavic *gręsti for more cognates.


gandeti

gandū (active first-person present singular)
gandemam (active first-person imperfect singular)
geganda (active first-person preterite singular)
gandesi (active present second-person singular)
gandetās (active imperfect second-person singular)
gegandas? (active preterite second-person singular)
gandeti (active present singular third-person)
gandeto (active imperfect singular third-person)
gegande (active preterite singular third-person)
gandomosi (active first-person plural present)
gandemo (active first-person imperfect plural)
gegandmo (active first-person plural preterite)
gandetesi (active plural present second-person)
gandestē (active imperfect plural second-person)
gegansse (active plural preterite second-person)
gandonti (active plural present third-person)
gandento (active imperfect plural third-person)
gegandars (active plural preterite third-person)
getsū (active first-person present singular subjunctive)
getsesi (active present second-person singular subjunctive)
gande (active imperative second-person singular)
getseti (active present singular subjunctive third-person)
gandetou (active imperative singular third-person)
getsomosi (active first-person plural present subjunctive)
gandomos (active first-person imperative plural)
getsetesi (active plural present second-person subjunctive)
gandete (active imperative plural second-person)
getsonti (active plural present subjunctive third-person)
gandontou (active imperative plural third-person)
gandūr (first-person passive present singular)
gegandra (first-person passive preterite singular)
gandetar (passive present second-person singular)
gegandras? (passive preterite second-person singular)
gandetor (passive present singular third-person)
gegandre (passive preterite singular third-person)
gandommor (first-person passive plural present)
gandedwe (passive plural present second-person)
gandontor (passive plural present third-person)
getsūr (first-person passive present singular subjunctive)
getsetar (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
getsetor (passive present singular subjunctive third-person)
getsommor (first-person passive plural present subjunctive)
getsedwe (passive plural present second-person subjunctive)
getsontor (passive plural present subjunctive third-person)
gandonts (nominative singular)
gandonte (dual nominative)
gandontes (nominative plural)
gandonts (singular vocative)
gandonte (dual vocative)
gandontes (plural vocative)
gandontam (accusative singular)
gandonte (accusative dual)
gandontans (accusative plural)
gandantos (genitive singular)
gandantom (genitive plural)
gandantei (dative singular)
gandantbom (dative dual)
gandantbos (dative plural)
gandantī? (instrumental singular)
gandantbim (dual instrumental)
gandantbis (instrumental plural)
gandantī (nominative singular)
gandantī (dual nominative)
gandantiyās (nominative plural)
gandantī (singular vocative)
gandantī (dual vocative)
gandantiyās (plural vocative)
gandantīm (accusative singular)
gandantī (accusative dual)
gandantiyans (accusative plural)
gandantyās (genitive singular)
gandantyom (genitive plural)
gandantyāi (dative singular)
gandantyābom (dative dual)
gandantyābos (dative plural)
gandantyābim (dual instrumental)
gandantyābis (instrumental plural)
gandont (nominative singular)
gandonta (nominative plural)
gandont (singular vocative)
gandonta (plural vocative)
gandont (accusative singular)
gandonta (accusative plural)

Proto-Brythonic:

desc

Middle Welsh: gannaf (1sg.), gein, geyn (3sg.)

Welsh: genni

⇒ Old Irish: ro·geinn

From Proto-Indo-European *gʰed- (“to find, take, seize, hold”).


glinati

glinami (active first-person present singular)
glinamam (active first-person imperfect singular)
giglīsū (active first-person future singular)
gigla (active first-person preterite singular)
glinasi (active present second-person singular)
glinatās (active imperfect second-person singular)
giglīsesi (active future second-person singular)
giglas? (active preterite second-person singular)
glinati (active present singular third-person)
glinato (active imperfect singular third-person)
giglīseti (active future singular third-person)
gigle (active preterite singular third-person)
glinamosi (active first-person plural present)
glinamo (active first-person imperfect plural)
giglīsomosi (active first-person future plural)
giglmo (active first-person plural preterite)
glinatesi (active plural present second-person)
glinastē (active imperfect plural second-person)
giglīsetesi (active future plural second-person)
gigle (active plural preterite second-person)
glinanti (active plural present third-person)
glinanto (active imperfect plural third-person)
giglīsonti (active future plural third-person)
giglars (active plural preterite third-person)
gleyasū (active first-person present singular subjunctive)
gleyasesi (active present second-person singular subjunctive)
glina (active imperative second-person singular)
gleyaseti (active present singular subjunctive third-person)
glinatou (active imperative singular third-person)
gleyasomosi (active first-person plural present subjunctive)
glinamos (active first-person imperative plural)
gleyasetesi (active plural present second-person subjunctive)
glinate (active imperative plural second-person)
gleyasonti (active plural present subjunctive third-person)
glinantou (active imperative plural third-person)
glinar (first-person passive present singular)
giglīsūr (first-person future passive singular)
giglra (first-person passive preterite singular)
glinatar (passive present second-person singular)
giglīsetar (future passive second-person singular)
giglras? (passive preterite second-person singular)
glinator (passive present singular third-person)
giglīsetor (future passive singular third-person)
giglre (passive preterite singular third-person)
glinammor (first-person passive plural present)
giglīsommor (first-person future passive plural)
glinadwe (passive plural present second-person)
giglīsedwe (future passive plural second-person)
glinantor (passive plural present third-person)
giglīsontor (future passive plural third-person)
gleyasūr (first-person passive present singular subjunctive)
gleyasetar (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
gleyasetor (passive present singular subjunctive third-person)
gleyasommor (first-person passive plural present subjunctive)
gleyasedwe (passive plural present second-person subjunctive)
gleyasontor (passive plural present subjunctive third-person)
glinants (nominative singular)
glinante (dual nominative)
glinantes (nominative plural)
glinants (singular vocative)
glinante (dual vocative)
glinantes (plural vocative)
glinantam (accusative singular)
glinante (accusative dual)
glinantans (accusative plural)
glinantos (genitive singular)
glinantom (genitive plural)
glinantei (dative singular)
glinantbom (dative dual)
glinantbos (dative plural)
glinantī? (instrumental singular)
glinantbim (dual instrumental)
glinantbis (instrumental plural)
glinantī (nominative singular)
glinantī (dual nominative)
glinantiyās (nominative plural)
glinantī (singular vocative)
glinantī (dual vocative)
glinantiyās (plural vocative)
glinantīm (accusative singular)
glinantī (accusative dual)
glinantiyans (accusative plural)
glinantyās (genitive singular)
glinantyom (genitive plural)
glinantyāi (dative singular)
glinantyābom (dative dual)
glinantyābos (dative plural)
glinantyābim (dual instrumental)
glinantyābis (instrumental plural)
glinant (nominative singular)
glinanta (nominative plural)
glinant (singular vocative)
glinanta (plural vocative)
glinant (accusative singular)
glinanta (accusative plural)

Proto-Brythonic: *glɨnad

Middle Breton: *glenaff

⇒ Middle Breton: englenaff

Middle Welsh: glynu

Welsh: glynu

⇒ Middle Welsh: canlyn, canlid

Welsh: canlyn

⇒ Middle Welsh: dilyn, dilit

Welsh: dilyn

⇒ Middle Welsh: erlyn

⇒ Middle Welsh: ymlyn

Welsh: ymlynu

Old Irish: glenaid
Irish: glean


ɸareweidyom

ɸareweidyom (nominative singular)
ɸareweidyou (dual nominative)
ɸareweidyā (nominative plural)
ɸareweidyom (singular vocative)
ɸareweidyou (dual vocative)
ɸareweidyā (plural vocative)
ɸareweidyom (accusative singular)
ɸareweidyou (accusative dual)
ɸareweidyā (accusative plural)
ɸareweidyī (genitive singular)
ɸareweidyous (dual genitive)
ɸareweidyom (genitive plural)
ɸareweidyūi (dative singular)
ɸareweidyobom (dative dual)
ɸareweidyobos (dative plural)
ɸareweidyei (locative singular)
ɸareweidyū (instrumental singular)
ɸareweidyobim (dual instrumental)
ɸareweidyūis (instrumental plural)

Proto-Brythonic: *arwuɨð

Middle Breton: argoez

Breton: arouez

Middle Welsh: arwyd

Welsh: arwydd

Old Irish: airde

Middle Irish: airde


rāmyos

rāmyos (nominative singular)
rāmyou (dual nominative)
rāmyoi (nominative plural)
rāmye (singular vocative)
rāmyou (dual vocative)
rāmyoi (plural vocative)
rāmyom (accusative singular)
rāmyou (accusative dual)
rāmyons (accusative plural)
rāmyī (genitive singular)
rāmyous (dual genitive)
rāmyom (genitive plural)
rāmyūi (dative singular)
rāmyobom (dative dual)
rāmyobos (dative plural)
rāmyei (locative singular)
rāmyū (instrumental singular)
rāmyobim (dual instrumental)
rāmyūis (instrumental plural)

Proto-Brythonic: *rrọβ̃

Middle Breton: reuf

Breton: reuñv

Cornish: rêv

Middle Welsh: raw

Welsh: rhaw

desctree

Old Irish: rámae
Middle Irish: ráma
Irish: rámh, rámha
Manx: raue
Scottish Gaelic: ràmh

From Proto-Indo-European *h₁reh₁- (“to row”), whence also the verb *rāyeti. The "oar" sense was the original meaning.


ɸlowī

ɸlowī (nominative singular)
ɸlowī (dual nominative)
ɸlowiyās (nominative plural)
ɸlowī (singular vocative)
ɸlowī (dual vocative)
ɸlowiyās (plural vocative)
ɸlowīm (accusative singular)
ɸlowī (accusative dual)
ɸlowīns (accusative plural)
ɸlowyās (genitive singular)
ɸlowyous (dual genitive)
ɸlowyom (genitive plural)
ɸlowyai (dative singular)
ɸlowyābom (dative dual)
ɸlowyābos (dative plural)
ɸlowyābim (dual instrumental)
ɸlowyābis (instrumental plural)

Proto-Brythonic: *llüw
⇒ Breton: levier m (“pilot”)
Old Cornish: leu
Cornish: lew (“rudder”)
Old Welsh: liu
Middle Welsh: llyw m (“rudder, tail, leader, pilot”)
Welsh: llyw

Old Irish: luí

From Proto-Indo-European *plew- (“to float”).


skʷiyats

skʷiyats (nominative singular)
skʷiyate (dual nominative)
skʷiyates (nominative plural)
skʷiyats (singular vocative)
skʷiyate (dual vocative)
skʷiyates (plural vocative)
skʷiyatam (accusative singular)
skʷiyate (accusative dual)
skʷiyatans (accusative plural)
skʷiyatos (genitive singular)
skʷiyatou (dual genitive)
skʷiyatom (genitive plural)
skʷiyatei (dative singular)
skʷiyatobom (dative dual)
skʷiyatobos (dative plural)
skʷiyati (locative singular)
skʷiyate? (instrumental singular)
skʷiyatobim (dual instrumental)
skʷiyatobis (instrumental plural)

desc

Proto-Brythonic: *spɨðad m (“thorn bushes”)

Middle Breton: spezadenn

Breton: spezad (“gooseberry”)

Cornish: spethas f (“briars”)

Old Welsh: ispidatenn

Middle Welsh: yspidat

Welsh: ysbyddad (“hawthorn”), ysbaddad, sbaddad

Pictish: *ᚄᚚᚔᚌᚐᚇ (*spijad, “thorn”)

Old Irish: scé (“hawthorn”), sciad pl

Middle Irish: scé (“thorn bush, whitethorn”), sciach pl

Irish: sceach

Manx: skaig, skeaig

⇒ Scottish Gaelic: sceathan (“thorn bush”)

→ English: Skeen (surname)

From Proto-Indo-European *skwey-, whence came also many Balto-Slavic cognates like Proto-Slavic *xvoja (“conifer needle”).


nessais

Proto-Brythonic: *nes

Middle Breton: nes

Breton: nes

Old Cornish: nes

Middle Cornish: nes

Old Welsh: nes

Middle Welsh: nes

Welsh: nes

desctree

Old Irish: nessa, nesa, neso, nesso, nessu, nesu
Irish: neasa
⇒ Irish: neas
Manx: niessey

Disputed, with two major schools of thought. Either way, the superlative *nessamos is cognate with Oscan nessimas and Umbrian 𐌍𐌄𐌔𐌉𐌌𐌄𐌉 (nesimei, “nearest”) (which can mechanically be traced to Proto-Italic *nessisVmos).
* Usually connected with Proto-Indo-Iranian *názdyas (“nearer”) (Sanskrit नेदीयस् (nedīyas), Avestan 𐬥𐬀𐬰𐬛𐬌𐬌𐬋 (nazdiiō)), from Proto-Indo-European *nésdyos (“nearer”), from the root *nesd- (“near”).
** However, Proto-Celtic *swizdeti and *nizdos show that Proto-Indo-European *-sd- becomes Proto-Celtic *-zd-, which in turn becomes /θ/ in Brythonic and /d/ in Goidelic (compare also *kʷezdis becoming Gaulish *pettyā, Welsh peth and Irish cuid). It does not become Gaulish -đđ- and Insular Celtic *-ss-. The Osco-Umbrian cognates are also inconsistent with *-sd-.
** This problem has a very simple solution; one only has to posit a metathesis in Italic and Celtic from *-sd- to *-ds- > *-ts-, which yields all Italic and Celtic forms straightforwardly.
** Other solutions to the -ss- problem include proposing an early loss of -i- of the superlative *nezdisamos > *nezdsamos > *nessamos, or to propose that the superlative *nessamos was formed from simple *-tm̥mos in the first place instead of the usual *-isamos. Both of these routes would then require secondary transfer of the consonantism *-ss- from the superlative *nessamos to comparative *nezd(a)is > *ness(a)is.
* Alternatively from Proto-Indo-European *Hnedʰ-so- or *Hnedʰ-to-, from *Hnedʰ- (“to bind”); compare Sanskrit नहुस् (náhus, “neighbor”) and नह्यति (náhyati, “to bind”).


esyo

head

*esyo m or n (feminine *esyās, plural *eisom)

Proto-Brythonic: *eið

Middle Breton: e

Breton: e

Cornish: y

Old Welsh: hi, i

desc

Middle Welsh: y (“his, its”) (determiner), eidaw (disjunctive)

Welsh: ei

Old Irish: a (“his, its”) (determiner), aí (disjunctive)

Irish: a (“his, its”)

Scottish Gaelic: a (“his, its”)

Manx: e

From Proto-Indo-European *ésyo, genitive singular of *éy.


esyās

head

*esyās f (masculine and neuter *esyo, plural *ēsom)

Proto-Brythonic: *(h)eið

Middle Breton: he

Breton: he

Cornish: hy

Old Welsh: hi, i

desc

Middle Welsh: y (determiner), eidi (disjunctive, remodeled like a conjugated preposition)

Welsh: ei

Old Irish: a (“her”), aí (“hers”)

Irish: a (“her”)

Scottish Gaelic: a (“her”)

Manx: e (“her”)


texstus

texstus (nominative singular)
texstu (singular vocative)
texstum (accusative singular)
texstous (genitive singular)
texstou (dative singular)
texstū (instrumental singular)

Proto-Brythonic: *tes

Old Breton: tes

Breton: tes

Old Cornish: tes

Cornish: tes

Middle Welsh: tes

Welsh: tes

desctree

Old Irish: tess, tes
Middle Irish: tes, tess
Irish: teas
Manx: çhiass
Scottish Gaelic: teas
⇒ Middle Irish: tesbach
Irish: teaspach

From Proto-Indo-European *tép-s-tus, from *tep- (“heat”) + *-tus (action noun suffix).


reidis

reidis (nominative singular)
reidī (dual nominative)
reidīs (nominative plural)
reidi (singular vocative)
reidī (dual vocative)
reidīs (plural vocative)
reidim (accusative singular)
reidī (accusative dual)
reidins (accusative plural)
reideis (genitive singular)
reidyou (dual genitive)
reidyom (genitive plural)
reidei (dative singular)
reidibom (dative dual)
reidibos (dative plural)
reidī (instrumental singular)
reidibim (dual instrumental)
reidibis (instrumental plural)
reidi (nominative singular)
reidyā (nominative plural)
reidyā (plural vocative)
reidi (accusative singular)
reidyā (accusative plural)
reidois (genitive singular)
reidois (dual genitive)
reidē (dative singular)

desctree

Proto-Brythonic: *rruɨð
Old Breton: ruet
Middle Breton: rouez
Breton: rouez (“rare, sparse, transparent”)
Old Welsh: ruid (“empty, vacant”)
Middle Welsh: rwyð
Welsh: rhwydd

Old Irish: réid
Middle Irish: réid
Irish: réidh
Scottish Gaelic: rèidh
Manx: rea

Generally held by Celticists as related to *reideti (“to ride”) and also related to Proto-Germanic *raidaz (“ready”).


kolanis

kolanis (nominative singular)
kolanī (dual nominative)
kolanīs (nominative plural)
kolani (singular vocative)
kolanī (dual vocative)
kolanīs (plural vocative)
kolanim (accusative singular)
kolanī (accusative dual)
kolanins (accusative plural)
kolaneis (genitive singular)
kolanyow (dual genitive)
kolanyom (genitive plural)
kolanei (dative singular)
kolanibom (dative dual)
kolanibos (dative plural)
kolanei (locative singular)
kolanī (instrumental singular)
kolanibim (dual instrumental)
kolanibis (instrumental plural)
kolanī (nominative singular)
kolanī (dual nominative)
kolaniyās (nominative plural)
kolanī (singular vocative)
kolanī (dual vocative)
kolaniyās (plural vocative)
kolanīm (accusative singular)
kolanī (accusative dual)
kolanīns (accusative plural)
kolanyās (genitive singular)
kolanyous (dual genitive)
kolanyom (genitive plural)
kolanyai (dative singular)
kolanyābom (dative dual)
kolanyābos (dative plural)
kolanyābim (dual instrumental)
kolanyābis (instrumental plural)

Old Irish: colinn
Irish: colainn
Manx: callin
Scottish Gaelic: colann

Proto-Brythonic: *kölẹn

Breton: kelan

Middle Welsh: kelein

Welsh: celain

From Proto-Indo-European *kel(H)-, whence also Proto-Germanic *huldą (“corpse, carcass”).


kʷalnati

kʷalnīmi (active first-person present singular)
kʷalnamam (active first-person imperfect singular)
kʷalnīsi (active present second-person singular)
kʷalnatās (active imperfect second-person singular)
kʷalnīti (active present singular third-person)
kʷalnato (active imperfect singular third-person)
kʷalnamosi (active first-person plural present)
kʷalnamo (active first-person imperfect plural)
kʷalnatesi (active plural present second-person)
kʷalnastē (active imperfect plural second-person)
kʷalnenti (active plural present third-person)
kʷalnanto (active imperfect plural third-person)
kʷelasū (active first-person present singular subjunctive)
kʷelasesi (active present second-person singular subjunctive)
kʷalnī (active imperative second-person singular)
kʷelaseti (active present singular subjunctive third-person)
kʷalnītou (active imperative singular third-person)
kʷelasomosi (active first-person plural present subjunctive)
kʷalnamos (active first-person imperative plural)
kʷelasetesi (active plural present second-person subjunctive)
kʷalnate (active imperative plural second-person)
kʷelasonti (active plural present subjunctive third-person)
kʷalnentou (active imperative plural third-person)
kʷalnīr (first-person passive present singular)
kʷalnītar (passive present second-person singular)
kʷalnītor (passive present singular third-person)
kʷalnammor (first-person passive plural present)
kʷalnadwe (passive plural present second-person)
kʷalnentor (passive plural present third-person)
kʷelasūr (first-person passive present singular subjunctive)
kʷelasetar (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
kʷelasetor (passive present singular subjunctive third-person)
kʷelasommor (first-person passive plural present subjunctive)
kʷelasedwe (passive plural present second-person subjunctive)
kʷelasontor (passive plural present subjunctive third-person)
kʷalnonts (nominative singular)
kʷalnonte (dual nominative)
kʷalnontes (nominative plural)
kʷalnonts (singular vocative)
kʷalnonte (dual vocative)
kʷalnontes (plural vocative)
kʷalnontam (accusative singular)
kʷalnonte (accusative dual)
kʷalnontans (accusative plural)
kʷalnantos (genitive singular)
kʷalnantom (genitive plural)
kʷalnantei (dative singular)
kʷalnantbom (dative dual)
kʷalnantbos (dative plural)
kʷalnantī? (instrumental singular)
kʷalnantbim (dual instrumental)
kʷalnantbis (instrumental plural)
kʷalnantī (nominative singular)
kʷalnantī (dual nominative)
kʷalnantiyās (nominative plural)
kʷalnantī (singular vocative)
kʷalnantī (dual vocative)
kʷalnantiyās (plural vocative)
kʷalnantīm (accusative singular)
kʷalnantī (accusative dual)
kʷalnantiyans (accusative plural)
kʷalnantyās (genitive singular)
kʷalnantyom (genitive plural)
kʷalnantyāi (dative singular)
kʷalnantyābom (dative dual)
kʷalnantyābos (dative plural)
kʷalnantyābim (dual instrumental)
kʷalnantyābis (instrumental plural)
kʷalnont (nominative singular)
kʷalnonta (nominative plural)
kʷalnont (singular vocative)
kʷalnonta (plural vocative)
kʷalnont (accusative singular)
kʷalnonta (accusative plural)

Proto-Brythonic:

desc

Middle Welsh: pallu (“to fail, cease, perish; refuse, deny”)

Welsh: pallu

Originally *kʷalnīti, from a nasal-infix derivative of Proto-Indo-European *kʷelh₁- (“to turn”).


layeti

layū (active first-person present singular)
layemam (active first-person imperfect singular)
lam (active first-person preterite singular)
layesi (active present second-person singular)
layetās (active imperfect second-person singular)
las (active preterite second-person singular)
layeti (active present singular third-person)
layeto (active imperfect singular third-person)
lat (active preterite singular third-person)
layomosi (active first-person plural present)
layemo (active first-person imperfect plural)
lame (active first-person plural preterite)
layetesi (active plural present second-person)
layestē (active imperfect plural second-person)
late (active plural preterite second-person)
layonti (active plural present third-person)
layento (active imperfect plural third-person)
lant (active plural preterite third-person)
lāsū (active first-person present singular subjunctive)
lāsesi (active present second-person singular subjunctive)
laye (active imperative second-person singular)
lāseti (active present singular subjunctive third-person)
layetou (active imperative singular third-person)
lāsomosi (active first-person plural present subjunctive)
layomos (active first-person imperative plural)
lāsetesi (active plural present second-person subjunctive)
layete (active imperative plural second-person)
lāsonti (active plural present subjunctive third-person)
layontou (active imperative plural third-person)
layūr (first-person passive present singular)
layetar (passive present second-person singular)
layetor (passive present singular third-person)
layommor (first-person passive plural present)
layedwe (passive plural present second-person)
layontor (passive plural present third-person)
lāsūr (first-person passive present singular subjunctive)
lāsetar (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
lāsetor (passive present singular subjunctive third-person)
lāsommor (first-person passive plural present subjunctive)
lāsedwe (passive plural present second-person subjunctive)
lāsontor (passive plural present subjunctive third-person)
layonts (nominative singular)
layonte (dual nominative)
layontes (nominative plural)
layonts (singular vocative)
layonte (dual vocative)
layontes (plural vocative)
layontam (accusative singular)
layonte (accusative dual)
layontans (accusative plural)
layantos (genitive singular)
layantom (genitive plural)
layantei (dative singular)
layantbom (dative dual)
layantbos (dative plural)
layantī? (instrumental singular)
layantbim (dual instrumental)
layantbis (instrumental plural)
layantī (nominative singular)
layantī (dual nominative)
layantiyās (nominative plural)
layantī (singular vocative)
layantī (dual vocative)
layantiyās (plural vocative)
layantīm (accusative singular)
layantī (accusative dual)
layantiyans (accusative plural)
layantyās (genitive singular)
layantyom (genitive plural)
layantyāi (dative singular)
layantyābom (dative dual)
layantyābos (dative plural)
layantyābim (dual instrumental)
layantyābis (instrumental plural)
layont (nominative singular)
layonta (nominative plural)
layont (singular vocative)
layonta (plural vocative)
layont (accusative singular)
layonta (accusative plural)
lātos (nominative singular)
lātou (dual nominative)
lātoi (nominative plural)
lāte (singular vocative)
lātou (dual vocative)
lātoi (plural vocative)
lātom (accusative singular)
lātou (accusative dual)
lātons (accusative plural)
lātī (genitive singular)
lātous (dual genitive)
lātom (genitive plural)
lātūi (dative singular)
lātobom (dative dual)
lātobos (dative plural)
lātū (instrumental singular)
lātobim (dual instrumental)
lātobis (instrumental plural)
lātā (nominative singular)
lātai (dual nominative)
lātās (nominative plural)
lātā (singular vocative)
lātai (dual vocative)
lātās (plural vocative)
lātam (accusative singular)
lātai (accusative dual)
lātans (accusative plural)
lātās (genitive singular)
lātai (dative singular)
lātābom (dative dual)
lātābos (dative plural)
lātābim (dual instrumental)
lātābis (instrumental plural)
lātom (nominative singular)
lātā (nominative plural)
lātom (singular vocative)
lātā (plural vocative)
lātā (accusative plural)

desc

perfective of <i class="Latn mention" lang="sga">fo·ceird</i>

Old Irish: ro·lá (perfective of fo·ceird)

perfective of <i class="Latn mention" lang="sga">do·cuirethar</i>

< <i class="Latn mention" lang="cel-pro">*to-ɸro-layeti</i>

⇒ Old Irish: do·rala (perfective of do·cuirethar) (< *to-ɸro-layeti)

Middle Irish: do·rala, tarla

Irish: tarlaigh

Scottish Gaelic: thàrladh, tàrlaidh

< <i class="Latn mention" lang="cel-pro">*ati-kom-layeti</i>

⇒ Old Irish: ad·comla (< *ati-kom-layeti)

Old Irish: accomol
Irish: acomhal

< <i class="Latn mention" lang="sga">do-accomol</i>

⇒ Middle Irish: doccumail (< do-accomol)

Irish: dócúl

desctree

< <i class="Latn mention" lang="sga">so-accomol</i>

⇒ Old Irish: socamail (< so-accomol)
Middle Irish: socamail
Irish: sócúl
⇒ Irish: sócúlach

Note

From *lh₁-yé-ti, from Proto-Indo-European *leh₁- (“to let”) suffixed with *-yéti.