anmeniyā

anmeniyā (nominative singular)
anmeniyai (dual nominative)
anmeniyās (nominative plural)
anmeniyā (singular vocative)
anmeniyai (dual vocative)
anmeniyās (plural vocative)
anmeniyam (accusative singular)
anmeniyai (accusative dual)
anmeniyāns (accusative plural)
anmeniyās (genitive singular)
anmeniyous (dual genitive)
anmeniyom (genitive plural)
anmeniyāi (dative singular)
anmeniyābom (dative dual)
anmeniyābos (dative plural)
anmeniyai (locative singular)
anmeniyābim (dual instrumental)
anmeniyābis (instrumental plural)

Proto-Brythonic: *anmeneð

Middle Welsh: anmyneð, ammynedd

Welsh: amynedd

Old Irish: ainmne

Middle Irish: ainmne

From *an- (“un-”) + Proto-Indo-European *men- (“to wait, remain”) + *-iyā. The semantics would go from "not standing still" > "perseverance" > "patience".


ɸarekoros

ɸarekoros (nominative singular)
ɸarekorou (dual nominative)
ɸarekoroi (nominative plural)
ɸarekore (singular vocative)
ɸarekorou (dual vocative)
ɸarekoroi (plural vocative)
ɸarekorom (accusative singular)
ɸarekorou (accusative dual)
ɸarekorons (accusative plural)
ɸarekorī (genitive singular)
ɸarekorous (dual genitive)
ɸarekorom (genitive plural)
ɸarekorūi (dative singular)
ɸarekorobom (dative dual)
ɸarekorobos (dative plural)
ɸarekorei (locative singular)
ɸarekorū (instrumental singular)
ɸarekorobim (dual instrumental)
ɸarekorūis (instrumental plural)

desc

Proto-Brythonic: *ėrgör (“assault, blow”) (from plurale tantum *ɸarekoroi)

Old Breton: ercor

Middle Welsh: ergyr

Welsh: ergyr

Old Irish: airchor

Middle Irish: airchor

Irish: urchar

Scottish Gaelic: urchair

Manx: orraghey


atikoros

atikoros (nominative singular)
atikorou (dual nominative)
atikoroi (nominative plural)
atikore (singular vocative)
atikorou (dual vocative)
atikoroi (plural vocative)
atikorom (accusative singular)
atikorou (accusative dual)
atikorons (accusative plural)
atikorī (genitive singular)
atikorous (dual genitive)
atikorom (genitive plural)
atikorūi (dative singular)
atikorobom (dative dual)
atikorobos (dative plural)
atikorei (locative singular)
atikorū (instrumental singular)
atikorobim (dual instrumental)
atikorūis (instrumental plural)

Proto-Brythonic: *adgor

Middle Welsh: atgor

Old Irish: adchor

Middle Irish: athchor

From *ati- (“re-”) + *koros (“throwing, casting”).


meitos

meitos (nominative singular)
meitou (dual nominative)
meitoi (nominative plural)
meite (singular vocative)
meitou (dual vocative)
meitoi (plural vocative)
meitom (accusative singular)
meitou (accusative dual)
meitons (accusative plural)
meitī (genitive singular)
meitous (dual genitive)
meitom (genitive plural)
meitūi (dative singular)
meitobom (dative dual)
meitobos (dative plural)
meitū (instrumental singular)
meitobim (dual instrumental)
meitobis (instrumental plural)
meitā (nominative singular)
meitai (dual nominative)
meitās (nominative plural)
meitā (singular vocative)
meitai (dual vocative)
meitās (plural vocative)
meitam (accusative singular)
meitai (accusative dual)
meitans (accusative plural)
meitās (genitive singular)
meitai (dative singular)
meitābom (dative dual)
meitābos (dative plural)
meitābim (dual instrumental)
meitābis (instrumental plural)
meitom (nominative singular)
meitā (nominative plural)
meitom (singular vocative)
meitā (plural vocative)
meitā (accusative plural)

Proto-Brythonic: *muɨd

Middle Welsh: mwydon pl

desc

Welsh: mwyd (“soaking”), mwydyn (“soft parts”)

Old Irish: méth (“fat”)

Middle Irish: méth

Irish: méith

Scottish Gaelic: mèath

Most immediately comparable to Latin mītis. See there for further etymological discussion.


kʷareti

kʷarū (active first-person present singular)
kʷaremam (active first-person imperfect singular)
kʷikʷrissū (active first-person future singular)
kʷaresi (active present second-person singular)
kʷaretās (active imperfect second-person singular)
kʷikʷrissesi (active future second-person singular)
kʷareti (active present singular third-person)
kʷareto (active imperfect singular third-person)
kʷikʷrisseti (active future singular third-person)
kʷaromosi (active first-person plural present)
kʷaremo (active first-person imperfect plural)
kʷikʷrissomosi (active first-person future plural)
kʷaretesi (active plural present second-person)
kʷarestē (active imperfect plural second-person)
kʷikʷrissetesi (active future plural second-person)
kʷaronti (active plural present third-person)
kʷarento (active imperfect plural third-person)
kʷikʷrissonti (active future plural third-person)
kʷersū (active first-person present singular subjunctive)
kʷersesi (active present second-person singular subjunctive)
kʷare (active imperative second-person singular)
kʷerseti (active present singular subjunctive third-person)
kʷaretou (active imperative singular third-person)
kʷersomosi (active first-person plural present subjunctive)
kʷaromos (active first-person imperative plural)
kʷersetesi (active plural present second-person subjunctive)
kʷarete (active imperative plural second-person)
kʷersonti (active plural present subjunctive third-person)
kʷarontou (active imperative plural third-person)
kʷarūr (first-person passive present singular)
kʷikʷrissūr (first-person future passive singular)
kʷaretar (passive present second-person singular)
kʷikʷrissetar (future passive second-person singular)
kʷaretor (passive present singular third-person)
kʷikʷrissetor (future passive singular third-person)
kʷarommor (first-person passive plural present)
kʷikʷrissommor (first-person future passive plural)
kʷaredwe (passive plural present second-person)
kʷikʷrissedwe (future passive plural second-person)
kʷarontor (passive plural present third-person)
kʷikʷrissontor (future passive plural third-person)
kʷersūr (first-person passive present singular subjunctive)
kʷersetar (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
kʷersetor (passive present singular subjunctive third-person)
kʷersommor (first-person passive plural present subjunctive)
kʷersedwe (passive plural present second-person subjunctive)
kʷersontor (passive plural present subjunctive third-person)
kʷaronts (nominative singular)
kʷaronte (dual nominative)
kʷarontes (nominative plural)
kʷaronts (singular vocative)
kʷaronte (dual vocative)
kʷarontes (plural vocative)
kʷarontam (accusative singular)
kʷaronte (accusative dual)
kʷarontans (accusative plural)
kʷarantos (genitive singular)
kʷarantom (genitive plural)
kʷarantei (dative singular)
kʷarantbom (dative dual)
kʷarantbos (dative plural)
kʷarantī? (instrumental singular)
kʷarantbim (dual instrumental)
kʷarantbis (instrumental plural)
kʷarantī (nominative singular)
kʷarantī (dual nominative)
kʷarantiyās (nominative plural)
kʷarantī (singular vocative)
kʷarantī (dual vocative)
kʷarantiyās (plural vocative)
kʷarantīm (accusative singular)
kʷarantī (accusative dual)
kʷarantiyans (accusative plural)
kʷarantyās (genitive singular)
kʷarantyom (genitive plural)
kʷarantyāi (dative singular)
kʷarantyābom (dative dual)
kʷarantyābos (dative plural)
kʷarantyābim (dual instrumental)
kʷarantyābis (instrumental plural)
kʷaront (nominative singular)
kʷaronta (nominative plural)
kʷaront (singular vocative)
kʷaronta (plural vocative)
kʷaront (accusative singular)
kʷaronta (accusative plural)
kʷritos (nominative singular)
kʷritou (dual nominative)
kʷritoi (nominative plural)
kʷrite (singular vocative)
kʷritou (dual vocative)
kʷritoi (plural vocative)
kʷritom (accusative singular)
kʷritou (accusative dual)
kʷritons (accusative plural)
kʷritī (genitive singular)
kʷritous (dual genitive)
kʷritom (genitive plural)
kʷritūi (dative singular)
kʷritobom (dative dual)
kʷritobos (dative plural)
kʷritū (instrumental singular)
kʷritobim (dual instrumental)
kʷritobis (instrumental plural)
kʷritā (nominative singular)
kʷritai (dual nominative)
kʷritās (nominative plural)
kʷritā (singular vocative)
kʷritai (dual vocative)
kʷritās (plural vocative)
kʷritam (accusative singular)
kʷritai (accusative dual)
kʷritans (accusative plural)
kʷritās (genitive singular)
kʷritai (dative singular)
kʷritābom (dative dual)
kʷritābos (dative plural)
kʷritābim (dual instrumental)
kʷritābis (instrumental plural)
kʷritom (nominative singular)
kʷritā (nominative plural)
kʷritom (singular vocative)
kʷritā (plural vocative)
kʷritā (accusative plural)

Proto-Brythonic: *pėrɨd

⇒ Old Breton: ampar

Middle Breton: paraff

Breton: parañ

Middle Welsh: peri

Welsh: peri

From Proto-Indo-European *kʷer- (“to make”).

Helmut Rix
Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben


arwar

arwar (nominative singular)
arwane? (dual nominative)
arwana (nominative plural)
arwar (singular vocative)
arwane? (dual vocative)
arwana (plural vocative)
arwar (accusative singular)
arwane? (accusative dual)
arwana (accusative plural)
arwens (genitive singular)
arwenous? (dual genitive)
arwenom (genitive plural)
arwenei (dative singular)
arwembom (dative dual)
arwembos (dative plural)
arwen (locative singular)
arweni (locative singular)
arwenei (instrumental singular)
arwembim (dual instrumental)
arwembis (instrumental plural)

Proto-Brythonic:

Middle Welsh: erwein, erweint (“meadow-sweet”)

Welsh: erwaint, erwain

desctree

Old Irish: arbor
Irish: arbhar
Manx: arroo
Scottish Gaelic: arbhar

From Proto-Indo-European *h₂érh₃-wr̥ ~ *h₂r̥h₃-wén-s, from *h₂erh₃- (“to plough”).


kornu

kornu (nominative singular)
kornū (dual nominative)
kornwā (nominative plural)
kornu (singular vocative)
kornū (dual vocative)
kornwā (plural vocative)
kornu (accusative singular)
kornū (accusative dual)
kornwā (accusative plural)
kornous (genitive singular)
kornous (dual genitive)
kornowom (genitive plural)
kornou (dative singular)
kornubom (dative dual)
kornubos (dative plural)
kornū (instrumental singular)
kornubim (dual instrumental)
kornubis (instrumental plural)

Shows a great resemblance to Latin cornū (“horn”), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱerh₂- (“horn”).

KernevMiddle Cornish: KernowCornish: KernowMiddle Welsh: KernywWelsh: Cernyw→⇒ Old English: CornwealasMiddle English: CornwaileEnglish: Cornwall→ Old French: CornouailleFrench: Cornouaille→ Medieval Latin: Cornubia


kernā

kernā (nominative singular)
kernai (dual nominative)
kernās (nominative plural)
kernā (singular vocative)
kernai (dual vocative)
kernās (plural vocative)
kernam (accusative singular)
kernai (accusative dual)
kernāns (accusative plural)
kernās (genitive singular)
kernous (dual genitive)
kernom (genitive plural)
kernāi (dative singular)
kernābom (dative dual)
kernābos (dative plural)
kernai (locative singular)
kernābim (dual instrumental)
kernābis (instrumental plural)

Proto-Brythonic: *kern

Middle Breton: quern

Breton: kern

Middle Welsh: cern

Welsh: cern

Middle Irish: cern

Irish: cearn

Scottish Gaelic: ceàrn

Matasović relates this to Proto-Indo-European *ḱerh₂- (“horn”).


senisteros

senisteros (nominative singular)
senisterou (dual nominative)
senisteroi (nominative plural)
senistere (singular vocative)
senisterou (dual vocative)
senisteroi (plural vocative)
senisterom (accusative singular)
senisterou (accusative dual)
senisterons (accusative plural)
senisterī (genitive singular)
senisterous (dual genitive)
senisterom (genitive plural)
senisterūi (dative singular)
senisterobom (dative dual)
senisterobos (dative plural)
senisterū (instrumental singular)
senisterobim (dual instrumental)
senisterobis (instrumental plural)
senisterā (nominative singular)
senisterai (dual nominative)
senisterās (nominative plural)
senisterā (singular vocative)
senisterai (dual vocative)
senisterās (plural vocative)
senisteram (accusative singular)
senisterai (accusative dual)
senisterans (accusative plural)
senisterās (genitive singular)
senisterai (dative singular)
senisterābom (dative dual)
senisterābos (dative plural)
senisterābim (dual instrumental)
senisterābis (instrumental plural)
senisterom (nominative singular)
senisterā (nominative plural)
senisterom (singular vocative)
senisterā (plural vocative)
senisterā (accusative plural)

desctree

Old Irish: sinser
Irish: sinsear
Scottish Gaelic: sinnsear

Gaulish:

→ Latin: Seniserus, Sinisserus

From *senos (“old”) + *-is- (comparative suffix) + *-teros (contrastive/oppositive suffix).


awets

awets (nominative singular)
awete (dual nominative)
awetes (nominative plural)
awets (singular vocative)
awete (dual vocative)
awetes (plural vocative)
awetam (accusative singular)
awete (accusative dual)
awetans (accusative plural)
awetos (genitive singular)
awetou (dual genitive)
awetom (genitive plural)
awetei (dative singular)
awetobom (dative dual)
awetobos (dative plural)
aweti (locative singular)
awete? (instrumental singular)
awetobim (dual instrumental)
awetobis (instrumental plural)

⇒ Proto-Brythonic:

Old Welsh: aguen, ⇒ Tataguen

Middle Welsh: awen

Welsh: awen

Middle Irish: aí

Apparently related to *awelā (“breeze”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂weh₁-.


bandyo-

Proto-Brythonic: *bann, *bannọg

Breton: banne, bannac'h, bannec'h

Old Cornish: banne

Cornish: badna (“not at all”)

Middle Welsh: banneu pl (a hapax)

desctree

Old Irish: bannae
Middle Irish: bainne
Irish: bainne
Manx: bainney
Scottish Gaelic: bainne


gleistos

gleistos (nominative singular)
gleistou (dual nominative)
gleistoi (nominative plural)
gleiste (singular vocative)
gleistou (dual vocative)
gleistoi (plural vocative)
gleistom (accusative singular)
gleistou (accusative dual)
gleistons (accusative plural)
gleistī (genitive singular)
gleistous (dual genitive)
gleistom (genitive plural)
gleistūi (dative singular)
gleistobom (dative dual)
gleistobos (dative plural)
gleistū (instrumental singular)
gleistobim (dual instrumental)
gleistobis (instrumental plural)
gleistā (nominative singular)
gleistai (dual nominative)
gleistās (nominative plural)
gleistā (singular vocative)
gleistai (dual vocative)
gleistās (plural vocative)
gleistam (accusative singular)
gleistai (accusative dual)
gleistans (accusative plural)
gleistās (genitive singular)
gleistai (dative singular)
gleistābom (dative dual)
gleistābos (dative plural)
gleistābim (dual instrumental)
gleistābis (instrumental plural)
gleistom (nominative singular)
gleistā (nominative plural)
gleistom (singular vocative)
gleistā (plural vocative)
gleistā (accusative plural)

Proto-Brythonic: *gluɨs

Middle Welsh: glwys (“beautiful”)

Welsh: glwys

Matasović relates this to *gloiwos (whence Welsh gloyw) and what he reconstructs as *gleiwis (whence Old Irish glé).


kʷenkʷekonts

kʷenkʷekonts (nominative singular)
kʷenkʷekonte (dual nominative)
kʷenkʷekontes (nominative plural)
kʷenkʷekonts (singular vocative)
kʷenkʷekonte (dual vocative)
kʷenkʷekontes (plural vocative)
kʷenkʷekontam (accusative singular)
kʷenkʷekonte (accusative dual)
kʷenkʷekontans (accusative plural)
kʷenkʷekontos (genitive singular)
kʷenkʷekontou (dual genitive)
kʷenkʷekontom (genitive plural)
kʷenkʷekontei (dative singular)
kʷenkʷekontobom (dative dual)
kʷenkʷekontobos (dative plural)
kʷenkʷekonti (locative singular)
kʷenkʷekonte? (instrumental singular)
kʷenkʷekontobim (dual instrumental)
kʷenkʷekontobis (instrumental plural)

Proto-Brythonic: *pɨmmunt

Old Breton: pimmont, pimmunt

Old Welsh: pimmunt

Middle Welsh: pymwnt

Old Irish: coíca
Middle Irish: coícad
Irish: caoga
Manx: queigad
Scottish Gaelic: caogad


uɸognītus

uɸognītus (nominative singular)
uɸognītū (dual nominative)
uɸognītowes (nominative plural)
uɸognītu (singular vocative)
uɸognītū (dual vocative)
uɸognītūs (plural vocative)
uɸognītum (accusative singular)
uɸognītū (accusative dual)
uɸognītuns (accusative plural)
uɸognītous (genitive singular)
uɸognītous (dual genitive)
uɸognītowom (genitive plural)
uɸognītou (dative singular)
uɸognītubom (dative dual)
uɸognītubos (dative plural)
uɸognītū (instrumental singular)
uɸognītubim (dual instrumental)
uɸognītubis (instrumental plural)

Proto-Brythonic: *gwöɣnid

desc

Middle Breton: gounit (“gain, profit, victory”)

Breton: gounid

⇒ Middle Welsh: gwenerwenit (“to serve Venus”), gweinidog (“servant, minister”), gueynyduarch (“workhorse”)

Welsh: gweinidog (“minister”)

Old Irish: fognad

Classical Gaelic: foghnadh

gen. sg. of <i class="Latn mention" lang="ga">fónamh</i>

Irish: fónta (gen. sg. of fónamh)

Scottish Gaelic: fòghnadh

A *-tus verbal noun formed to *uɸogniyeti (“to serve”).


aigrā

aigrā (nominative singular)
aigrai (dual nominative)
aigrās (nominative plural)
aigrā (singular vocative)
aigrai (dual vocative)
aigrās (plural vocative)
aigram (accusative singular)
aigrai (accusative dual)
aigrāns (accusative plural)
aigrās (genitive singular)
aigrous (dual genitive)
aigrom (genitive plural)
aigrāi (dative singular)
aigrābom (dative dual)
aigrābos (dative plural)
aigrai (locative singular)
aigrābim (dual instrumental)
aigrābis (instrumental plural)

>? Proto-Brythonic:

⇒ Middle Welsh: orneir (“blame, slander”)

Welsh: ornair

Old Irish: áer

Middle Irish: áer

Irish: aoir

Scottish Gaelic: aoir

From Proto-Indo-European *h₂eygʰ- (“sharp”), which may be connected to Lithuanian ai̇̃gara (“straw, a bit”), Proto-Slavic *jьgъla (“needle”), and more closely Proto-Slavic *jьgra (“play, game”) (the sense developing from "sharp" > "joke" > "play, game" in Slavic and to "satire, defamation" in Celtic)


Ambikatus

Ambikatus (nominative singular)
Ambikatu (singular vocative)
Ambikatūs (plural vocative)
Ambikatum (accusative singular)
Ambikatuns (accusative plural)
Ambikatous (genitive singular)
Ambikatous (dual genitive)
Ambikatou (dative singular)
Ambikatubos (dative plural)
Ambikatubis (instrumental plural)

Primitive Irish: ᚐᚋᚁᚔᚉᚐᚈᚑᚄ (ambicatos)

Middle Irish: Imchad

Gaulish: *Ambicatus

→ Latin: Ambigatus, Ambicatus

From *ambi- (“around”) + *katus (“battle”).


sogno-

⇒ Proto-Brythonic:

Middle Welsh: hoenyn

Welsh: hoenyn

⇒ Old Irish: súainem

Middle Irish: súainem

Irish: suaithne

From Proto-Indo-European *seg- (“to attach”).


beyatlis

beyatlis gender unattested (canonical)
beyatlis (nominative singular)
beyatlī (dual nominative)
beyatlīs (nominative plural)
beyatli (singular vocative)
beyatlī (dual vocative)
beyatlīs (plural vocative)
beyatlim (accusative singular)
beyatlī (accusative dual)
beyatlins (accusative plural)
beyatleis (genitive singular)
beyatlyow (dual genitive)
beyatlyom (genitive plural)
beyatlei (dative singular)
beyatlibom (dative dual)
beyatlibos (dative plural)
beyatlei (locative singular)
beyatlī (instrumental singular)
beyatlibim (dual instrumental)
beyatlibis (instrumental plural)

Proto-Brythonic:

Middle Breton: bouchazl, bouhazl

Breton: boucʼhal

Middle Cornish: boell

Old Welsh: bahell

Middle Welsh: bwell, buyall

Welsh: bwyell

desctree

Old Irish: biáil
Middle Irish: bíail
Irish: biail

Usually related to *bināti (“to strike”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰeyh₂- (“to strike”). The derivation is unclear; Russell speculates that it may have originally been *beyalis, but reshaped after instrumental nouns.


rātis

rātis (nominative singular)
rātī (dual nominative)
rātīs (nominative plural)
rāti (singular vocative)
rātī (dual vocative)
rātīs (plural vocative)
rātim (accusative singular)
rātī (accusative dual)
rātins (accusative plural)
rāteis (genitive singular)
rātyow (dual genitive)
rātyom (genitive plural)
rātei (dative singular)
rātibom (dative dual)
rātibos (dative plural)
rātei (locative singular)
rātī (instrumental singular)
rātibim (dual instrumental)
rātibis (instrumental plural)

desctree

Old Irish: ráth (with unstable declension)
Irish: ráth
Scottish Gaelic: ràth
Manx: raah
→ English: rath

Gaulish: rātin (acc. sg.)

→⇒ Latin: Argentorate, Carpentorate

French: Argentré, Carpentras

Since McCone, usually derived from Proto-Indo-European *h₂(é)rh₃-tis, from *h₂erh₃- (“to plough”), with "fort, rampart" semantically arising from "dugout".
An alternative comparison to Latin prātum (“field, prairie”) is usually met with disdain.


remros

remros (nominative singular)
remrou (dual nominative)
remroi (nominative plural)
remre (singular vocative)
remrou (dual vocative)
remroi (plural vocative)
remrom (accusative singular)
remrou (accusative dual)
remrons (accusative plural)
remrī (genitive singular)
remrous (dual genitive)
remrom (genitive plural)
remrūi (dative singular)
remrobom (dative dual)
remrobos (dative plural)
remrū (instrumental singular)
remrobim (dual instrumental)
remrobis (instrumental plural)
remrā (nominative singular)
remrai (dual nominative)
remrās (nominative plural)
remrā (singular vocative)
remrai (dual vocative)
remrās (plural vocative)
remram (accusative singular)
remrai (accusative dual)
remrans (accusative plural)
remrās (genitive singular)
remrai (dative singular)
remrābom (dative dual)
remrābos (dative plural)
remrābim (dual instrumental)
remrābis (instrumental plural)
remrom (nominative singular)
remrā (nominative plural)
remrom (singular vocative)
remrā (plural vocative)
remrā (accusative plural)

desc

Proto-Brythonic: *rreβ̃ (with the second *r lost; either by dissimilation or analogy with degrees of comparison)

Middle Welsh: ref

Welsh: rhef

Middle Irish: remor

Irish: ramhar

Manx: roauyr

Scottish Gaelic: ramhar


tougā

tougā (nominative singular)
tougai (dual nominative)
tougās (nominative plural)
tougā (singular vocative)
tougai (dual vocative)
tougās (plural vocative)
tougam (accusative singular)
tougai (accusative dual)
tougāns (accusative plural)
tougās (genitive singular)
tougous (dual genitive)
tougom (genitive plural)
tougāi (dative singular)
tougābom (dative dual)
tougābos (dative plural)
tougai (locative singular)
tougābim (dual instrumental)
tougābis (instrumental plural)

Old Irish: túag

Middle Irish: túag

Irish: tua

Manx: teigh

Scottish Gaelic: tuagh

Gaulish:

→⇒ Latin: Contouca, Vertougus, Togirix, Togimarus, Togivepus

Delamarre compares Sanskrit तुञ्जन्ति (tuñjanti, “they strike”, 3pl. pres.) and Ancient Greek τύκος (túkos, “hammer”);
the Sanskrit can be plausibly related, but the Greek cannot be (the Celtic has a -g-, not the -k- in Greek).


belgos

belgos (nominative singular)
belgou (dual nominative)
belgoi (nominative plural)
belge (singular vocative)
belgou (dual vocative)
belgoi (plural vocative)
belgom (accusative singular)
belgou (accusative dual)
belgons (accusative plural)
belgī (genitive singular)
belgous (dual genitive)
belgom (genitive plural)
belgūi (dative singular)
belgobom (dative dual)
belgobos (dative plural)
belgū (instrumental singular)
belgobim (dual instrumental)
belgobis (instrumental plural)
belgā (nominative singular)
belgai (dual nominative)
belgās (nominative plural)
belgā (singular vocative)
belgai (dual vocative)
belgās (plural vocative)
belgam (accusative singular)
belgai (accusative dual)
belgans (accusative plural)
belgās (genitive singular)
belgai (dative singular)
belgābom (dative dual)
belgābos (dative plural)
belgābim (dual instrumental)
belgābis (instrumental plural)
belgom (nominative singular)
belgā (nominative plural)
belgom (singular vocative)
belgā (plural vocative)
belgā (accusative plural)

Gaulish:

→ Latin: Belgae

desc

Lepontic: 𐌐𐌄𐌋𐌊𐌖𐌉 (pelkui, dat. sg. m. personal name)

From Proto-Indo-European *bʰelǵʰ- (“to swell”).


durnākos

durnākos (nominative singular)
durnākou (dual nominative)
durnākoi (nominative plural)
durnāke (singular vocative)
durnākou (dual vocative)
durnākoi (plural vocative)
durnākom (accusative singular)
durnākou (accusative dual)
durnākons (accusative plural)
durnākī (genitive singular)
durnākous (dual genitive)
durnākom (genitive plural)
durnākūi (dative singular)
durnākobom (dative dual)
durnākobos (dative plural)
durnākū (instrumental singular)
durnākobim (dual instrumental)
durnākobis (instrumental plural)
durnākā (nominative singular)
durnākai (dual nominative)
durnākās (nominative plural)
durnākā (singular vocative)
durnākai (dual vocative)
durnākās (plural vocative)
durnākam (accusative singular)
durnākai (accusative dual)
durnākans (accusative plural)
durnākās (genitive singular)
durnākai (dative singular)
durnākābom (dative dual)
durnākābos (dative plural)
durnākābim (dual instrumental)
durnākābis (instrumental plural)
durnākom (nominative singular)
durnākā (nominative plural)
durnākom (singular vocative)
durnākā (plural vocative)
durnākā (accusative plural)

Proto-Brythonic: *durnọg

Breton: dorneg

Middle Irish: dornach

Gaulish: Durnacos (attested on a coin)

From *durnos (“fist”) + *-ākos (adjectival suffix).


tigeti

tigū (active first-person present singular)
tigemam (active first-person imperfect singular)
titixsū (active first-person future singular)
titoiga (active first-person preterite singular)
tigesi (active present second-person singular)
tigetās (active imperfect second-person singular)
titixsesi (active future second-person singular)
titoigas? (active preterite second-person singular)
tigeti (active present singular third-person)
tigeto (active imperfect singular third-person)
titixseti (active future singular third-person)
titoige (active preterite singular third-person)
tigomosi (active first-person plural present)
tigemo (active first-person imperfect plural)
titixsomosi (active first-person future plural)
titoigmo (active first-person plural preterite)
tigetesi (active plural present second-person)
tigestē (active imperfect plural second-person)
titixsetesi (active future plural second-person)
titoixte (active plural preterite second-person)
tigonti (active plural present third-person)
tigento (active imperfect plural third-person)
titixsonti (active future plural third-person)
titoigars (active plural preterite third-person)
teixsū (active first-person present singular subjunctive)
teixsesi (active present second-person singular subjunctive)
tige (active imperative second-person singular)
teixseti (active present singular subjunctive third-person)
tigetou (active imperative singular third-person)
teixsomosi (active first-person plural present subjunctive)
tigomos (active first-person imperative plural)
teixsetesi (active plural present second-person subjunctive)
tigete (active imperative plural second-person)
teixsonti (active plural present subjunctive third-person)
tigontou (active imperative plural third-person)
tigūr (first-person passive present singular)
titixsūr (first-person future passive singular)
titoigra (first-person passive preterite singular)
tigetar (passive present second-person singular)
titixsetar (future passive second-person singular)
titoigras? (passive preterite second-person singular)
tigetor (passive present singular third-person)
titixsetor (future passive singular third-person)
titoigre (passive preterite singular third-person)
tigommor (first-person passive plural present)
titixsommor (first-person future passive plural)
tigedwe (passive plural present second-person)
titixsedwe (future passive plural second-person)
tigontor (passive plural present third-person)
titixsontor (future passive plural third-person)
teixsūr (first-person passive present singular subjunctive)
teixsetar (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
teixsetor (passive present singular subjunctive third-person)
teixsommor (first-person passive plural present subjunctive)
teixsedwe (passive plural present second-person subjunctive)
teixsontor (passive plural present subjunctive third-person)
tigonts (nominative singular)
tigonte (dual nominative)
tigontes (nominative plural)
tigonts (singular vocative)
tigonte (dual vocative)
tigontes (plural vocative)
tigontam (accusative singular)
tigonte (accusative dual)
tigontans (accusative plural)
tigantos (genitive singular)
tigantom (genitive plural)
tigantei (dative singular)
tigantbom (dative dual)
tigantbos (dative plural)
tigantī? (instrumental singular)
tigantbim (dual instrumental)
tigantbis (instrumental plural)
tigantī (nominative singular)
tigantī (dual nominative)
tigantiyās (nominative plural)
tigantī (singular vocative)
tigantī (dual vocative)
tigantiyās (plural vocative)
tigantīm (accusative singular)
tigantī (accusative dual)
tigantiyans (accusative plural)
tigantyās (genitive singular)
tigantyom (genitive plural)
tigantyāi (dative singular)
tigantyābom (dative dual)
tigantyābos (dative plural)
tigantyābim (dual instrumental)
tigantyābis (instrumental plural)
tigont (nominative singular)
tigonta (nominative plural)
tigont (singular vocative)
tigonta (plural vocative)
tigont (accusative singular)
tigonta (accusative plural)
tixtos (nominative singular)
tixtou (dual nominative)
tixtoi (nominative plural)
tixte (singular vocative)
tixtou (dual vocative)
tixtoi (plural vocative)
tixtom (accusative singular)
tixtou (accusative dual)
tixtons (accusative plural)
tixtī (genitive singular)
tixtous (dual genitive)
tixtom (genitive plural)
tixtūi (dative singular)
tixtobom (dative dual)
tixtobos (dative plural)
tixtū (instrumental singular)
tixtobim (dual instrumental)
tixtobis (instrumental plural)
tixtā (nominative singular)
tixtai (dual nominative)
tixtās (nominative plural)
tixtā (singular vocative)
tixtai (dual vocative)
tixtās (plural vocative)
tixtam (accusative singular)
tixtai (accusative dual)
tixtans (accusative plural)
tixtās (genitive singular)
tixtai (dative singular)
tixtābom (dative dual)
tixtābos (dative plural)
tixtābim (dual instrumental)
tixtābis (instrumental plural)
tixtom (nominative singular)
tixtā (nominative plural)
tixtom (singular vocative)
tixtā (plural vocative)
tixtā (accusative plural)

Proto-Brythonic: *tɨɣɨd

Old Breton: tigom (verbal noun)

desc

Gaulish: tixsintor (3pl. fut. pass.), tigontias (pres. part. gen. sg. f.) (both forms in the Larzac lead tablet)

From Proto-Indo-European *(s)teyg- (“to sting”).


wlidāmāros

wlidāmāros (nominative singular)
wlidāmārou (dual nominative)
wlidāmāroi (nominative plural)
wlidāmāre (singular vocative)
wlidāmārou (dual vocative)
wlidāmāroi (plural vocative)
wlidāmārom (accusative singular)
wlidāmārou (accusative dual)
wlidāmārons (accusative plural)
wlidāmārī (genitive singular)
wlidāmārous (dual genitive)
wlidāmārom (genitive plural)
wlidāmārūi (dative singular)
wlidāmārobom (dative dual)
wlidāmārobos (dative plural)
wlidāmārū (instrumental singular)
wlidāmārobim (dual instrumental)
wlidāmārobis (instrumental plural)
wlidāmārā (nominative singular)
wlidāmārai (dual nominative)
wlidāmārās (nominative plural)
wlidāmārā (singular vocative)
wlidāmārai (dual vocative)
wlidāmārās (plural vocative)
wlidāmāram (accusative singular)
wlidāmārai (accusative dual)
wlidāmārans (accusative plural)
wlidāmārās (genitive singular)
wlidāmārai (dative singular)
wlidāmārābom (dative dual)
wlidāmārābos (dative plural)
wlidāmārābim (dual instrumental)
wlidāmārābis (instrumental plural)
wlidāmārom (nominative singular)
wlidāmārā (nominative plural)
wlidāmārom (singular vocative)
wlidāmārā (plural vocative)
wlidāmārā (accusative plural)

Proto-Brythonic: *gwleðβ̃ọr

Middle Welsh: gwleddfawr

Welsh: gwleddfawr

Middle Irish: fledmar

Classical Gaelic: fleadhmhar

From *wlidā (“feast”) + *māros (“great”).


snidākos

snidākos (nominative singular)
snidākou (dual nominative)
snidākoi (nominative plural)
snidāke (singular vocative)
snidākou (dual vocative)
snidākoi (plural vocative)
snidākom (accusative singular)
snidākou (accusative dual)
snidākons (accusative plural)
snidākī (genitive singular)
snidākous (dual genitive)
snidākom (genitive plural)
snidākūi (dative singular)
snidākobom (dative dual)
snidākobos (dative plural)
snidākū (instrumental singular)
snidākobim (dual instrumental)
snidākobis (instrumental plural)
snidākā (nominative singular)
snidākai (dual nominative)
snidākās (nominative plural)
snidākā (singular vocative)
snidākai (dual vocative)
snidākās (plural vocative)
snidākam (accusative singular)
snidākai (accusative dual)
snidākans (accusative plural)
snidākās (genitive singular)
snidākai (dative singular)
snidākābom (dative dual)
snidākābos (dative plural)
snidākābim (dual instrumental)
snidākābis (instrumental plural)
snidākom (nominative singular)
snidākā (nominative plural)
snidākom (singular vocative)
snidākā (plural vocative)
snidākā (accusative plural)

Proto-Brythonic: *neðọg

Middle Welsh: neðawc

Welsh: neddog

Middle Irish: snedach

From *snidā (“nit”) + *-ākos (adjective suffix).


angʷīnākos

angʷīnākos (nominative singular)
angʷīnākou (dual nominative)
angʷīnākoi (nominative plural)
angʷīnāke (singular vocative)
angʷīnākou (dual vocative)
angʷīnākoi (plural vocative)
angʷīnākom (accusative singular)
angʷīnākou (accusative dual)
angʷīnākons (accusative plural)
angʷīnākī (genitive singular)
angʷīnākous (dual genitive)
angʷīnākom (genitive plural)
angʷīnākūi (dative singular)
angʷīnākobom (dative dual)
angʷīnākobos (dative plural)
angʷīnākū (instrumental singular)
angʷīnākobim (dual instrumental)
angʷīnākobis (instrumental plural)
angʷīnākā (nominative singular)
angʷīnākai (dual nominative)
angʷīnākās (nominative plural)
angʷīnākā (singular vocative)
angʷīnākai (dual vocative)
angʷīnākās (plural vocative)
angʷīnākam (accusative singular)
angʷīnākai (accusative dual)
angʷīnākans (accusative plural)
angʷīnākās (genitive singular)
angʷīnākai (dative singular)
angʷīnākābom (dative dual)
angʷīnākābos (dative plural)
angʷīnākābim (dual instrumental)
angʷīnākābis (instrumental plural)
angʷīnākom (nominative singular)
angʷīnākā (nominative plural)
angʷīnākom (singular vocative)
angʷīnākā (plural vocative)
angʷīnākā (accusative plural)

Proto-Brythonic:

Breton: ivinek

Middle Cornish: ewinoc

Welsh: ewinog

Middle Irish: ingnech

Irish: ingneach

Manx: inginagh

Scottish Gaelic: iongach

From *angʷīnā (“nail”) + *-ākos (adjective suffix).


longīti

longeyū (active first-person present singular)
longīmam (active first-person imperfect singular)
longīsi (active present second-person singular)
longītās (active imperfect second-person singular)
longīti (active present singular third-person)
longīto (active imperfect singular third-person)
longeyomosi (active first-person plural present)
longīmo (active first-person imperfect plural)
longītesi (active plural present second-person)
longīstē (active imperfect plural second-person)
longeyonti (active plural present third-person)
longīnto (active imperfect plural third-person)
longī (active imperative second-person singular)
longītou (active imperative singular third-person)
longeyomos (active first-person imperative plural)
longīte (active imperative plural second-person)
longeyontou (active imperative plural third-person)
longeyūr (first-person passive present singular)
longītar (passive present second-person singular)
longītor (passive present singular third-person)
longeyommor (first-person passive plural present)
longīdwe (passive plural present second-person)
longeyontor (passive plural present third-person)
longeyonts (nominative singular)
longeyonte (dual nominative)
longeyontes (nominative plural)
longeyonts (singular vocative)
longeyonte (dual vocative)
longeyontes (plural vocative)
longeyontam (accusative singular)
longeyonte (accusative dual)
longeyontans (accusative plural)
longeyantos (genitive singular)
longeyantom (genitive plural)
longeyantei (dative singular)
longeyantbom (dative dual)
longeyantbos (dative plural)
longeyantī? (instrumental singular)
longeyantbim (dual instrumental)
longeyantbis (instrumental plural)
longeyantī (nominative singular)
longeyantī (dual nominative)
longeyantiyās (nominative plural)
longeyantī (singular vocative)
longeyantī (dual vocative)
longeyantiyās (plural vocative)
longeyantīm (accusative singular)
longeyantī (accusative dual)
longeyantiyans (accusative plural)
longeyantyās (genitive singular)
longeyantyom (genitive plural)
longeyantyāi (dative singular)
longeyantyābom (dative dual)
longeyantyābos (dative plural)
longeyantyābim (dual instrumental)
longeyantyābis (instrumental plural)
longeyont (nominative singular)
longeyonta (nominative plural)
longeyont (singular vocative)
longeyonta (plural vocative)
longeyont (accusative singular)
longeyonta (accusative plural)
longetos (nominative singular)
longetou (dual nominative)
longetoi (nominative plural)
longete (singular vocative)
longetou (dual vocative)
longetoi (plural vocative)
longetom (accusative singular)
longetou (accusative dual)
longetons (accusative plural)
longetī (genitive singular)
longetous (dual genitive)
longetom (genitive plural)
longetūi (dative singular)
longetobom (dative dual)
longetobos (dative plural)
longetū (instrumental singular)
longetobim (dual instrumental)
longetobis (instrumental plural)
longetā (nominative singular)
longetai (dual nominative)
longetās (nominative plural)
longetā (singular vocative)
longetai (dual vocative)
longetās (plural vocative)
longetam (accusative singular)
longetai (accusative dual)
longetans (accusative plural)
longetās (genitive singular)
longetai (dative singular)
longetābom (dative dual)
longetābos (dative plural)
longetābim (dual instrumental)
longetābis (instrumental plural)
longetom (nominative singular)
longetā (nominative plural)
longetom (singular vocative)
longetā (plural vocative)
longetā (accusative plural)

Old Irish: loingid

Middle Irish: loingid

Unknown. Connected to a root *(s)lewg- (whence also Ancient Greek λύζω (lúzō, “to hiccup”)) since Pokorny, but Jørgensen points out that comparisons in this vein do not work since in the Celtic verb, the *-n- is not a nasal infix; in fact, the *-n- belongs to its root.


kentulongos

kentulongos (nominative singular)
kentulongou (dual nominative)
kentulongoi (nominative plural)
kentulonge (singular vocative)
kentulongou (dual vocative)
kentulongoi (plural vocative)
kentulongom (accusative singular)
kentulongou (accusative dual)
kentulongons (accusative plural)
kentulongī (genitive singular)
kentulongous (dual genitive)
kentulongom (genitive plural)
kentulongūi (dative singular)
kentulongobom (dative dual)
kentulongobos (dative plural)
kentulongei (locative singular)
kentulongū (instrumental singular)
kentulongobim (dual instrumental)
kentulongūis (instrumental plural)

Proto-Brythonic:

desc

Middle Welsh: cythlwng (“fasting, hunger”)

Welsh: cythlwng

Middle Irish: *cétlongad

Irish: céadlongadh, céalacan (“morning fast”)

From *kentus (“first”) + *longos (*-os verbal noun to *longīti (“to eat, consume”)).


togīti

togeyū (active first-person present singular)
togīmam (active first-person imperfect singular)
togīsi (active present second-person singular)
togītās (active imperfect second-person singular)
togīti (active present singular third-person)
togīto (active imperfect singular third-person)
togeyomosi (active first-person plural present)
togīmo (active first-person imperfect plural)
togītesi (active plural present second-person)
togīstē (active imperfect plural second-person)
togeyonti (active plural present third-person)
togīnto (active imperfect plural third-person)
togī (active imperative second-person singular)
togītou (active imperative singular third-person)
togeyomos (active first-person imperative plural)
togīte (active imperative plural second-person)
togeyontou (active imperative plural third-person)
togeyūr (first-person passive present singular)
togītar (passive present second-person singular)
togītor (passive present singular third-person)
togeyommor (first-person passive plural present)
togīdwe (passive plural present second-person)
togeyontor (passive plural present third-person)
togeyonts (nominative singular)
togeyonte (dual nominative)
togeyontes (nominative plural)
togeyonts (singular vocative)
togeyonte (dual vocative)
togeyontes (plural vocative)
togeyontam (accusative singular)
togeyonte (accusative dual)
togeyontans (accusative plural)
togeyantos (genitive singular)
togeyantom (genitive plural)
togeyantei (dative singular)
togeyantbom (dative dual)
togeyantbos (dative plural)
togeyantī? (instrumental singular)
togeyantbim (dual instrumental)
togeyantbis (instrumental plural)
togeyantī (nominative singular)
togeyantī (dual nominative)
togeyantiyās (nominative plural)
togeyantī (singular vocative)
togeyantī (dual vocative)
togeyantiyās (plural vocative)
togeyantīm (accusative singular)
togeyantī (accusative dual)
togeyantiyans (accusative plural)
togeyantyās (genitive singular)
togeyantyom (genitive plural)
togeyantyāi (dative singular)
togeyantyābom (dative dual)
togeyantyābos (dative plural)
togeyantyābim (dual instrumental)
togeyantyābis (instrumental plural)
togeyont (nominative singular)
togeyonta (nominative plural)
togeyont (singular vocative)
togeyonta (plural vocative)
togeyont (accusative singular)
togeyonta (accusative plural)
togetos (nominative singular)
togetou (dual nominative)
togetoi (nominative plural)
togete (singular vocative)
togetou (dual vocative)
togetoi (plural vocative)
togetom (accusative singular)
togetou (accusative dual)
togetons (accusative plural)
togetī (genitive singular)
togetous (dual genitive)
togetom (genitive plural)
togetūi (dative singular)
togetobom (dative dual)
togetobos (dative plural)
togetū (instrumental singular)
togetobim (dual instrumental)
togetobis (instrumental plural)
togetā (nominative singular)
togetai (dual nominative)
togetās (nominative plural)
togetā (singular vocative)
togetai (dual vocative)
togetās (plural vocative)
togetam (accusative singular)
togetai (accusative dual)
togetans (accusative plural)
togetās (genitive singular)
togetai (dative singular)
togetābom (dative dual)
togetābos (dative plural)
togetābim (dual instrumental)
togetābis (instrumental plural)
togetom (nominative singular)
togetā (nominative plural)
togetom (singular vocative)
togetā (plural vocative)
togetā (accusative plural)

Proto-Brythonic: *töɣid

Breton: (normalized) teiñ, (early) tei

Middle Cornish: ty

Cornish: ti (“to roof”)

Middle Welsh: toi

Welsh: toi

desc

Old Irish: tuigithir, ⇒ in·tuigethar, imm·tuigethar

Middle Irish: tuigithir

Scottish Gaelic: tugh

From Proto-Indo-European *stog-éye-ti, an o-grade iterative formed to the root *(s)teg- (“to cover”).


tolīti

toleyū (active first-person present singular)
tolīmam (active first-person imperfect singular)
tolīsi (active present second-person singular)
tolītās (active imperfect second-person singular)
tolīti (active present singular third-person)
tolīto (active imperfect singular third-person)
toleyomosi (active first-person plural present)
tolīmo (active first-person imperfect plural)
tolītesi (active plural present second-person)
tolīstē (active imperfect plural second-person)
toleyonti (active plural present third-person)
tolīnto (active imperfect plural third-person)
tolī (active imperative second-person singular)
tolītou (active imperative singular third-person)
toleyomos (active first-person imperative plural)
tolīte (active imperative plural second-person)
toleyontou (active imperative plural third-person)
toleyūr (first-person passive present singular)
tolītar (passive present second-person singular)
tolītor (passive present singular third-person)
toleyommor (first-person passive plural present)
tolīdwe (passive plural present second-person)
toleyontor (passive plural present third-person)
toleyonts (nominative singular)
toleyonte (dual nominative)
toleyontes (nominative plural)
toleyonts (singular vocative)
toleyonte (dual vocative)
toleyontes (plural vocative)
toleyontam (accusative singular)
toleyonte (accusative dual)
toleyontans (accusative plural)
toleyantos (genitive singular)
toleyantom (genitive plural)
toleyantei (dative singular)
toleyantbom (dative dual)
toleyantbos (dative plural)
toleyantī? (instrumental singular)
toleyantbim (dual instrumental)
toleyantbis (instrumental plural)
toleyantī (nominative singular)
toleyantī (dual nominative)
toleyantiyās (nominative plural)
toleyantī (singular vocative)
toleyantī (dual vocative)
toleyantiyās (plural vocative)
toleyantīm (accusative singular)
toleyantī (accusative dual)
toleyantiyans (accusative plural)
toleyantyās (genitive singular)
toleyantyom (genitive plural)
toleyantyāi (dative singular)
toleyantyābom (dative dual)
toleyantyābos (dative plural)
toleyantyābim (dual instrumental)
toleyantyābis (instrumental plural)
toleyont (nominative singular)
toleyonta (nominative plural)
toleyont (singular vocative)
toleyonta (plural vocative)
toleyont (accusative singular)
toleyonta (accusative plural)

Old Irish: tuilid

desctree

⇒ Old Irish: con·tuili
Middle Irish: cotlaid
Irish: codail
Manx: cadley
Scottish Gaelic: cadail, caidil

From Proto-Indo-European *(s)telH- (“to be silent, still”); more specifically, an o-grade causative/iterative formation also seen in Proto-Slavic *toliti (“to calm, soothe”).


ɸougīti

ɸougeyū (active first-person present singular)
ɸougīmam (active first-person imperfect singular)
ɸougīsi (active present second-person singular)
ɸougītās (active imperfect second-person singular)
ɸougīti (active present singular third-person)
ɸougīto (active imperfect singular third-person)
ɸougeyomosi (active first-person plural present)
ɸougīmo (active first-person imperfect plural)
ɸougītesi (active plural present second-person)
ɸougīstē (active imperfect plural second-person)
ɸougeyonti (active plural present third-person)
ɸougīnto (active imperfect plural third-person)
ɸougī (active imperative second-person singular)
ɸougītou (active imperative singular third-person)
ɸougeyomos (active first-person imperative plural)
ɸougīte (active imperative plural second-person)
ɸougeyontou (active imperative plural third-person)
ɸougeyūr (first-person passive present singular)
ɸougītar (passive present second-person singular)
ɸougītor (passive present singular third-person)
ɸougeyommor (first-person passive plural present)
ɸougīdwe (passive plural present second-person)
ɸougeyontor (passive plural present third-person)
ɸougeyonts (nominative singular)
ɸougeyonte (dual nominative)
ɸougeyontes (nominative plural)
ɸougeyonts (singular vocative)
ɸougeyonte (dual vocative)
ɸougeyontes (plural vocative)
ɸougeyontam (accusative singular)
ɸougeyonte (accusative dual)
ɸougeyontans (accusative plural)
ɸougeyantos (genitive singular)
ɸougeyantom (genitive plural)
ɸougeyantei (dative singular)
ɸougeyantbom (dative dual)
ɸougeyantbos (dative plural)
ɸougeyantī? (instrumental singular)
ɸougeyantbim (dual instrumental)
ɸougeyantbis (instrumental plural)
ɸougeyantī (nominative singular)
ɸougeyantī (dual nominative)
ɸougeyantiyās (nominative plural)
ɸougeyantī (singular vocative)
ɸougeyantī (dual vocative)
ɸougeyantiyās (plural vocative)
ɸougeyantīm (accusative singular)
ɸougeyantī (accusative dual)
ɸougeyantiyans (accusative plural)
ɸougeyantyās (genitive singular)
ɸougeyantyom (genitive plural)
ɸougeyantyāi (dative singular)
ɸougeyantyābom (dative dual)
ɸougeyantyābos (dative plural)
ɸougeyantyābim (dual instrumental)
ɸougeyantyābis (instrumental plural)
ɸougeyont (nominative singular)
ɸougeyonta (nominative plural)
ɸougeyont (singular vocative)
ɸougeyonta (plural vocative)
ɸougeyont (accusative singular)
ɸougeyonta (accusative plural)
ɸougetos (nominative singular)
ɸougetou (dual nominative)
ɸougetoi (nominative plural)
ɸougete (singular vocative)
ɸougetou (dual vocative)
ɸougetoi (plural vocative)
ɸougetom (accusative singular)
ɸougetou (accusative dual)
ɸougetons (accusative plural)
ɸougetī (genitive singular)
ɸougetous (dual genitive)
ɸougetom (genitive plural)
ɸougetūi (dative singular)
ɸougetobom (dative dual)
ɸougetobos (dative plural)
ɸougetū (instrumental singular)
ɸougetobim (dual instrumental)
ɸougetobis (instrumental plural)
ɸougetā (nominative singular)
ɸougetai (dual nominative)
ɸougetās (nominative plural)
ɸougetā (singular vocative)
ɸougetai (dual vocative)
ɸougetās (plural vocative)
ɸougetam (accusative singular)
ɸougetai (accusative dual)
ɸougetans (accusative plural)
ɸougetās (genitive singular)
ɸougetai (dative singular)
ɸougetābom (dative dual)
ɸougetābos (dative plural)
ɸougetābim (dual instrumental)
ɸougetābis (instrumental plural)
ɸougetom (nominative singular)
ɸougetā (nominative plural)
ɸougetom (singular vocative)
ɸougetā (plural vocative)
ɸougetā (accusative plural)

Old Irish: úaigid, ⇒ con·óigi

Middle Irish: úaigid

Irish: fuaigh

Scottish Gaelic: fuaigh

⇒ Manx: fuaill (from the verbal noun)

From Proto-Indo-European *powǵ-éye-ti, an o-grade *-éyeti iterative formed to the root *pewǵ- (“to prick”).


werteti

wertū (active first-person present singular)
wertemam (active first-person imperfect singular)
wiwritsū (active first-person future singular)
weworta (active first-person preterite singular)
wertesi (active present second-person singular)
wertetās (active imperfect second-person singular)
wiwritsesi (active future second-person singular)
wewortas? (active preterite second-person singular)
werteti (active present singular third-person)
werteto (active imperfect singular third-person)
wiwritseti (active future singular third-person)
weworte (active preterite singular third-person)
wertomosi (active first-person plural present)
wertemo (active first-person imperfect plural)
wiwritsomosi (active first-person future plural)
wewortmo (active first-person plural preterite)
wertetesi (active plural present second-person)
wertestē (active imperfect plural second-person)
wiwritsetesi (active future plural second-person)
weworsse (active plural preterite second-person)
wertonti (active plural present third-person)
wertento (active imperfect plural third-person)
wiwritsonti (active future plural third-person)
wewortars (active plural preterite third-person)
wertsū (active first-person present singular subjunctive)
wertsesi (active present second-person singular subjunctive)
werte (active imperative second-person singular)
wertseti (active present singular subjunctive third-person)
wertetou (active imperative singular third-person)
wertsomosi (active first-person plural present subjunctive)
wertomos (active first-person imperative plural)
wertsetesi (active plural present second-person subjunctive)
wertete (active imperative plural second-person)
wertsonti (active plural present subjunctive third-person)
wertontou (active imperative plural third-person)
wertūr (first-person passive present singular)
wiwritsūr (first-person future passive singular)
wewortra (first-person passive preterite singular)
wertetar (passive present second-person singular)
wiwritsetar (future passive second-person singular)
wewortras? (passive preterite second-person singular)
wertetor (passive present singular third-person)
wiwritsetor (future passive singular third-person)
wewortre (passive preterite singular third-person)
wertommor (first-person passive plural present)
wiwritsommor (first-person future passive plural)
wertedwe (passive plural present second-person)
wiwritsedwe (future passive plural second-person)
wertontor (passive plural present third-person)
wiwritsontor (future passive plural third-person)
wertsūr (first-person passive present singular subjunctive)
wertsetar (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
wertsetor (passive present singular subjunctive third-person)
wertsommor (first-person passive plural present subjunctive)
wertsedwe (passive plural present second-person subjunctive)
wertsontor (passive plural present subjunctive third-person)
wertonts (nominative singular)
wertonte (dual nominative)
wertontes (nominative plural)
wertonts (singular vocative)
wertonte (dual vocative)
wertontes (plural vocative)
wertontam (accusative singular)
wertonte (accusative dual)
wertontans (accusative plural)
wertantos (genitive singular)
wertantom (genitive plural)
wertantei (dative singular)
wertantbom (dative dual)
wertantbos (dative plural)
wertantī? (instrumental singular)
wertantbim (dual instrumental)
wertantbis (instrumental plural)
wertantī (nominative singular)
wertantī (dual nominative)
wertantiyās (nominative plural)
wertantī (singular vocative)
wertantī (dual vocative)
wertantiyās (plural vocative)
wertantīm (accusative singular)
wertantī (accusative dual)
wertantiyans (accusative plural)
wertantyās (genitive singular)
wertantyom (genitive plural)
wertantyāi (dative singular)
wertantyābom (dative dual)
wertantyābos (dative plural)
wertantyābim (dual instrumental)
wertantyābis (instrumental plural)
wertont (nominative singular)
wertonta (nominative plural)
wertont (singular vocative)
wertonta (plural vocative)
wertont (accusative singular)
wertonta (accusative plural)
wrissos (nominative singular)
wrissou (dual nominative)
wrissoi (nominative plural)
wrisse (singular vocative)
wrissou (dual vocative)
wrissoi (plural vocative)
wrissom (accusative singular)
wrissou (accusative dual)
wrissons (accusative plural)
wrissī (genitive singular)
wrissous (dual genitive)
wrissom (genitive plural)
wrissūi (dative singular)
wrissobom (dative dual)
wrissobos (dative plural)
wrissū (instrumental singular)
wrissobim (dual instrumental)
wrissobis (instrumental plural)
wrissā (nominative singular)
wrissai (dual nominative)
wrissās (nominative plural)
wrissā (singular vocative)
wrissai (dual vocative)
wrissās (plural vocative)
wrissam (accusative singular)
wrissai (accusative dual)
wrissans (accusative plural)
wrissās (genitive singular)
wrissai (dative singular)
wrissābom (dative dual)
wrissābos (dative plural)
wrissābim (dual instrumental)
wrissābis (instrumental plural)
wrissom (nominative singular)
wrissā (nominative plural)
wrissom (singular vocative)
wrissā (plural vocative)
wrissā (accusative plural)

desc

Proto-Brythonic: (shifting to mean "to sell")

Middle Breton: guerzaff

Breton: gwerzhañ

Cornish: gwertha

Middle Welsh: gwerthu

Welsh: gwerthu

⇒ Old Irish: ad·ferta (changed to a weak verb)

From Proto-Indo-European *wert- (“to turn”).

Proto-Brythonic: *gwerθOld Breton: uuertMiddle Breton: guerzBreton: gwerzhCornish: gwerthMiddle Welsh: gwerthWelsh: gwerth


wortīti

worteyū (active first-person present singular)
wortīmam (active first-person imperfect singular)
wortīsi (active present second-person singular)
wortītās (active imperfect second-person singular)
wortīti (active present singular third-person)
wortīto (active imperfect singular third-person)
worteyomosi (active first-person plural present)
wortīmo (active first-person imperfect plural)
wortītesi (active plural present second-person)
wortīstē (active imperfect plural second-person)
worteyonti (active plural present third-person)
wortīnto (active imperfect plural third-person)
wortī (active imperative second-person singular)
wortītou (active imperative singular third-person)
worteyomos (active first-person imperative plural)
wortīte (active imperative plural second-person)
worteyontou (active imperative plural third-person)
worteyūr (first-person passive present singular)
wortītar (passive present second-person singular)
wortītor (passive present singular third-person)
worteyommor (first-person passive plural present)
wortīdwe (passive plural present second-person)
worteyontor (passive plural present third-person)
worteyonts (nominative singular)
worteyonte (dual nominative)
worteyontes (nominative plural)
worteyonts (singular vocative)
worteyonte (dual vocative)
worteyontes (plural vocative)
worteyontam (accusative singular)
worteyonte (accusative dual)
worteyontans (accusative plural)
worteyantos (genitive singular)
worteyantom (genitive plural)
worteyantei (dative singular)
worteyantbom (dative dual)
worteyantbos (dative plural)
worteyantī? (instrumental singular)
worteyantbim (dual instrumental)
worteyantbis (instrumental plural)
worteyantī (nominative singular)
worteyantī (dual nominative)
worteyantiyās (nominative plural)
worteyantī (singular vocative)
worteyantī (dual vocative)
worteyantiyās (plural vocative)
worteyantīm (accusative singular)
worteyantī (accusative dual)
worteyantiyans (accusative plural)
worteyantyās (genitive singular)
worteyantyom (genitive plural)
worteyantyāi (dative singular)
worteyantyābom (dative dual)
worteyantyābos (dative plural)
worteyantyābim (dual instrumental)
worteyantyābis (instrumental plural)
worteyont (nominative singular)
worteyonta (nominative plural)
worteyont (singular vocative)
worteyonta (plural vocative)
worteyont (accusative singular)
worteyonta (accusative plural)
wortetos (nominative singular)
wortetou (dual nominative)
wortetoi (nominative plural)
wortete (singular vocative)
wortetou (dual vocative)
wortetoi (plural vocative)
wortetom (accusative singular)
wortetou (accusative dual)
wortetons (accusative plural)
wortetī (genitive singular)
wortetous (dual genitive)
wortetom (genitive plural)
wortetūi (dative singular)
wortetobom (dative dual)
wortetobos (dative plural)
wortetū (instrumental singular)
wortetobim (dual instrumental)
wortetobis (instrumental plural)
wortetā (nominative singular)
wortetai (dual nominative)
wortetās (nominative plural)
wortetā (singular vocative)
wortetai (dual vocative)
wortetās (plural vocative)
wortetam (accusative singular)
wortetai (accusative dual)
wortetans (accusative plural)
wortetās (genitive singular)
wortetai (dative singular)
wortetābom (dative dual)
wortetābos (dative plural)
wortetābim (dual instrumental)
wortetābis (instrumental plural)
wortetom (nominative singular)
wortetā (nominative plural)
wortetom (singular vocative)
wortetā (plural vocative)
wortetā (accusative plural)

desctree

⇒ Old Irish: do·fortai (“to pour out”)
Middle Irish: dóirtid
Irish: doirt
Scottish Gaelic: dòirt

From Proto-Indo-European *wortéyeti, an o-grade *-éyeti causative formed from *wert- (“to turn”).


woidīti

woideyū (active first-person present singular)
woidīmam (active first-person imperfect singular)
woidīsi (active present second-person singular)
woidītās (active imperfect second-person singular)
woidīti (active present singular third-person)
woidīto (active imperfect singular third-person)
woideyomosi (active first-person plural present)
woidīmo (active first-person imperfect plural)
woidītesi (active plural present second-person)
woidīstē (active imperfect plural second-person)
woideyonti (active plural present third-person)
woidīnto (active imperfect plural third-person)
woidī (active imperative second-person singular)
woidītou (active imperative singular third-person)
woideyomos (active first-person imperative plural)
woidīte (active imperative plural second-person)
woideyontou (active imperative plural third-person)
woideyūr (first-person passive present singular)
woidītar (passive present second-person singular)
woidītor (passive present singular third-person)
woideyommor (first-person passive plural present)
woidīdwe (passive plural present second-person)
woideyontor (passive plural present third-person)
woideyonts (nominative singular)
woideyonte (dual nominative)
woideyontes (nominative plural)
woideyonts (singular vocative)
woideyonte (dual vocative)
woideyontes (plural vocative)
woideyontam (accusative singular)
woideyonte (accusative dual)
woideyontans (accusative plural)
woideyantos (genitive singular)
woideyantom (genitive plural)
woideyantei (dative singular)
woideyantbom (dative dual)
woideyantbos (dative plural)
woideyantī? (instrumental singular)
woideyantbim (dual instrumental)
woideyantbis (instrumental plural)
woideyantī (nominative singular)
woideyantī (dual nominative)
woideyantiyās (nominative plural)
woideyantī (singular vocative)
woideyantī (dual vocative)
woideyantiyās (plural vocative)
woideyantīm (accusative singular)
woideyantī (accusative dual)
woideyantiyans (accusative plural)
woideyantyās (genitive singular)
woideyantyom (genitive plural)
woideyantyāi (dative singular)
woideyantyābom (dative dual)
woideyantyābos (dative plural)
woideyantyābim (dual instrumental)
woideyantyābis (instrumental plural)
woideyont (nominative singular)
woideyonta (nominative plural)
woideyont (singular vocative)
woideyonta (plural vocative)
woideyont (accusative singular)
woideyonta (accusative plural)
woidetos (nominative singular)
woidetou (dual nominative)
woidetoi (nominative plural)
woidete (singular vocative)
woidetou (dual vocative)
woidetoi (plural vocative)
woidetom (accusative singular)
woidetou (accusative dual)
woidetons (accusative plural)
woidetī (genitive singular)
woidetous (dual genitive)
woidetom (genitive plural)
woidetūi (dative singular)
woidetobom (dative dual)
woidetobos (dative plural)
woidetū (instrumental singular)
woidetobim (dual instrumental)
woidetobis (instrumental plural)
woidetā (nominative singular)
woidetai (dual nominative)
woidetās (nominative plural)
woidetā (singular vocative)
woidetai (dual vocative)
woidetās (plural vocative)
woidetam (accusative singular)
woidetai (accusative dual)
woidetans (accusative plural)
woidetās (genitive singular)
woidetai (dative singular)
woidetābom (dative dual)
woidetābos (dative plural)
woidetābim (dual instrumental)
woidetābis (instrumental plural)
woidetom (nominative singular)
woidetā (nominative plural)
woidetom (singular vocative)
woidetā (plural vocative)
woidetā (accusative plural)

Old Irish: foídid

From Proto-Indo-European *woydéyeti, causative of *weyd- (“to see”) (whence also *windeti (“to find out”) and *weideti (“to tell”)). Cognate with Sanskrit वेदयति (vedayati, “announce”)


tonkīti

tonkeyū (active first-person present singular)
tonkīmam (active first-person imperfect singular)
tonkīsi (active present second-person singular)
tonkītās (active imperfect second-person singular)
tonkīti (active present singular third-person)
tonkīto (active imperfect singular third-person)
tonkeyomosi (active first-person plural present)
tonkīmo (active first-person imperfect plural)
tonkītesi (active plural present second-person)
tonkīstē (active imperfect plural second-person)
tonkeyonti (active plural present third-person)
tonkīnto (active imperfect plural third-person)
tonkī (active imperative second-person singular)
tonkītou (active imperative singular third-person)
tonkeyomos (active first-person imperative plural)
tonkīte (active imperative plural second-person)
tonkeyontou (active imperative plural third-person)
tonkeyūr (first-person passive present singular)
tonkītar (passive present second-person singular)
tonkītor (passive present singular third-person)
tonkeyommor (first-person passive plural present)
tonkīdwe (passive plural present second-person)
tonkeyontor (passive plural present third-person)
tonkeyonts (nominative singular)
tonkeyonte (dual nominative)
tonkeyontes (nominative plural)
tonkeyonts (singular vocative)
tonkeyonte (dual vocative)
tonkeyontes (plural vocative)
tonkeyontam (accusative singular)
tonkeyonte (accusative dual)
tonkeyontans (accusative plural)
tonkeyantos (genitive singular)
tonkeyantom (genitive plural)
tonkeyantei (dative singular)
tonkeyantbom (dative dual)
tonkeyantbos (dative plural)
tonkeyantī? (instrumental singular)
tonkeyantbim (dual instrumental)
tonkeyantbis (instrumental plural)
tonkeyantī (nominative singular)
tonkeyantī (dual nominative)
tonkeyantiyās (nominative plural)
tonkeyantī (singular vocative)
tonkeyantī (dual vocative)
tonkeyantiyās (plural vocative)
tonkeyantīm (accusative singular)
tonkeyantī (accusative dual)
tonkeyantiyans (accusative plural)
tonkeyantyās (genitive singular)
tonkeyantyom (genitive plural)
tonkeyantyāi (dative singular)
tonkeyantyābom (dative dual)
tonkeyantyābos (dative plural)
tonkeyantyābim (dual instrumental)
tonkeyantyābis (instrumental plural)
tonkeyont (nominative singular)
tonkeyonta (nominative plural)
tonkeyont (singular vocative)
tonkeyonta (plural vocative)
tonkeyont (accusative singular)
tonkeyonta (accusative plural)
tonketos (nominative singular)
tonketou (dual nominative)
tonketoi (nominative plural)
tonkete (singular vocative)
tonketou (dual vocative)
tonketoi (plural vocative)
tonketom (accusative singular)
tonketou (accusative dual)
tonketons (accusative plural)
tonketī (genitive singular)
tonketous (dual genitive)
tonketom (genitive plural)
tonketūi (dative singular)
tonketobom (dative dual)
tonketobos (dative plural)
tonketū (instrumental singular)
tonketobim (dual instrumental)
tonketobis (instrumental plural)
tonketā (nominative singular)
tonketai (dual nominative)
tonketās (nominative plural)
tonketā (singular vocative)
tonketai (dual vocative)
tonketās (plural vocative)
tonketam (accusative singular)
tonketai (accusative dual)
tonketans (accusative plural)
tonketās (genitive singular)
tonketai (dative singular)
tonketābom (dative dual)
tonketābos (dative plural)
tonketābim (dual instrumental)
tonketābis (instrumental plural)
tonketom (nominative singular)
tonketā (nominative plural)
tonketom (singular vocative)
tonketā (plural vocative)
tonketā (accusative plural)

Proto-Brythonic: *tünkid

Middle Breton: tonquaff

Breton: tonkañ

Middle Welsh: tynghaf (1sg. pres.)

Old Irish: ro·toicther

From Proto-Indo-European *tenk- (“to congeal”) according to Schumacher.


tonketākos

tonketākos (nominative singular)
tonketākou (dual nominative)
tonketākoi (nominative plural)
tonketāke (singular vocative)
tonketākou (dual vocative)
tonketākoi (plural vocative)
tonketākom (accusative singular)
tonketākou (accusative dual)
tonketākons (accusative plural)
tonketākī (genitive singular)
tonketākous (dual genitive)
tonketākom (genitive plural)
tonketākūi (dative singular)
tonketākobom (dative dual)
tonketākobos (dative plural)
tonketākū (instrumental singular)
tonketākobim (dual instrumental)
tonketākobis (instrumental plural)
tonketākā (nominative singular)
tonketākai (dual nominative)
tonketākās (nominative plural)
tonketākā (singular vocative)
tonketākai (dual vocative)
tonketākās (plural vocative)
tonketākam (accusative singular)
tonketākai (accusative dual)
tonketākans (accusative plural)
tonketākās (genitive singular)
tonketākai (dative singular)
tonketākābom (dative dual)
tonketākābos (dative plural)
tonketākābim (dual instrumental)
tonketākābis (instrumental plural)
tonketākom (nominative singular)
tonketākā (nominative plural)
tonketākom (singular vocative)
tonketākā (plural vocative)
tonketākā (accusative plural)

desc

Proto-Brythonic: Tunccetac (attested as Tunccetace with added Latin 1st-declension genitive -(a)e)

Primitive Irish: ᚈᚑᚌᚔᚈᚈᚐᚉ (togittac)

Middle Irish: toicthech

From *tonketos (“destiny”) + *-ākos (adjective suffix).


ɸeri-

⇒ Old Irish: iress, ad·eirrig, iriud

⇒ Gaulish: Eridubnos

desc

prefixed to <i class="Latn mention" lang="cel-pro">*bo(u)giyos</i>

⇒ Lepontic: 𐌄𐌓𐌉𐌐𐌏𐌗𐌉𐌏𐌔 (eripoxios) (prefixed to *bo(u)giyos)

From Proto-Indo-European *péri (“around, about”), from *per-.


ɸeriregeti

ɸeriregū (active first-person present singular)
ɸeriregemam (active first-person imperfect singular)
ɸerirāga (active first-person preterite singular)
ɸeriregesi (active present second-person singular)
ɸeriregetās (active imperfect second-person singular)
ɸerirāgas? (active preterite second-person singular)
ɸeriregeti (active present singular third-person)
ɸeriregeto (active imperfect singular third-person)
ɸerirāge (active preterite singular third-person)
ɸeriregomosi (active first-person plural present)
ɸeriregemo (active first-person imperfect plural)
ɸerirāgmo (active first-person plural preterite)
ɸeriregetesi (active plural present second-person)
ɸeriregestē (active imperfect plural second-person)
ɸerirāxte (active plural preterite second-person)
ɸeriregonti (active plural present third-person)
ɸeriregento (active imperfect plural third-person)
ɸerirāgars (active plural preterite third-person)
ɸerireixsū (active first-person present singular subjunctive)
ɸerireixsesi (active present second-person singular subjunctive)
ɸerirege (active imperative second-person singular)
ɸerireixseti (active present singular subjunctive third-person)
ɸeriregetou (active imperative singular third-person)
ɸerireixsomosi (active first-person plural present subjunctive)
ɸeriregomos (active first-person imperative plural)
ɸerireixsetesi (active plural present second-person subjunctive)
ɸeriregete (active imperative plural second-person)
ɸerireixsonti (active plural present subjunctive third-person)
ɸeriregontou (active imperative plural third-person)
ɸeriregūr (first-person passive present singular)
ɸerirāgra (first-person passive preterite singular)
ɸeriregetar (passive present second-person singular)
ɸerirāgras? (passive preterite second-person singular)
ɸeriregetor (passive present singular third-person)
ɸerirāgre (passive preterite singular third-person)
ɸeriregommor (first-person passive plural present)
ɸeriregedwe (passive plural present second-person)
ɸeriregontor (passive plural present third-person)
ɸerireixsūr (first-person passive present singular subjunctive)
ɸerireixsetar (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
ɸerireixsetor (passive present singular subjunctive third-person)
ɸerireixsommor (first-person passive plural present subjunctive)
ɸerireixsedwe (passive plural present second-person subjunctive)
ɸerireixsontor (passive plural present subjunctive third-person)
ɸeriregonts (nominative singular)
ɸeriregonte (dual nominative)
ɸeriregontes (nominative plural)
ɸeriregonts (singular vocative)
ɸeriregonte (dual vocative)
ɸeriregontes (plural vocative)
ɸeriregontam (accusative singular)
ɸeriregonte (accusative dual)
ɸeriregontans (accusative plural)
ɸeriregantos (genitive singular)
ɸeriregantom (genitive plural)
ɸeriregantei (dative singular)
ɸeriregantbom (dative dual)
ɸeriregantbos (dative plural)
ɸeriregantī? (instrumental singular)
ɸeriregantbim (dual instrumental)
ɸeriregantbis (instrumental plural)
ɸeriregantī (nominative singular)
ɸeriregantī (dual nominative)
ɸeriregantiyās (nominative plural)
ɸeriregantī (singular vocative)
ɸeriregantī (dual vocative)
ɸeriregantiyās (plural vocative)
ɸeriregantīm (accusative singular)
ɸeriregantī (accusative dual)
ɸeriregantiyans (accusative plural)
ɸeriregantyās (genitive singular)
ɸeriregantyom (genitive plural)
ɸeriregantyāi (dative singular)
ɸeriregantyābom (dative dual)
ɸeriregantyābos (dative plural)
ɸeriregantyābim (dual instrumental)
ɸeriregantyābis (instrumental plural)
ɸeriregont (nominative singular)
ɸeriregonta (nominative plural)
ɸeriregont (singular vocative)
ɸeriregonta (plural vocative)
ɸeriregont (accusative singular)
ɸeriregonta (accusative plural)
ɸerirextos (nominative singular)
ɸerirextou (dual nominative)
ɸerirextoi (nominative plural)
ɸerirexte (singular vocative)
ɸerirextou (dual vocative)
ɸerirextoi (plural vocative)
ɸerirextom (accusative singular)
ɸerirextou (accusative dual)
ɸerirextons (accusative plural)
ɸerirextī (genitive singular)
ɸerirextous (dual genitive)
ɸerirextom (genitive plural)
ɸerirextūi (dative singular)
ɸerirextobom (dative dual)
ɸerirextobos (dative plural)
ɸerirextū (instrumental singular)
ɸerirextobim (dual instrumental)
ɸerirextobis (instrumental plural)
ɸerirextā (nominative singular)
ɸerirextai (dual nominative)
ɸerirextās (nominative plural)
ɸerirextā (singular vocative)
ɸerirextai (dual vocative)
ɸerirextās (plural vocative)
ɸerirextam (accusative singular)
ɸerirextai (accusative dual)
ɸerirextans (accusative plural)
ɸerirextās (genitive singular)
ɸerirextai (dative singular)
ɸerirextābom (dative dual)
ɸerirextābos (dative plural)
ɸerirextābim (dual instrumental)
ɸerirextābis (instrumental plural)
ɸerirextom (nominative singular)
ɸerirextā (nominative plural)
ɸerirextom (singular vocative)
ɸerirextā (plural vocative)
ɸerirextā (accusative plural)

desc

⇒ Proto-Brythonic: *arreɣ (with secondary replacement of *ɸeri- by *ɸare-)

Middle Breton: arre

Breton: arre

From *ɸeri- (“around”) + *regeti (“to stretch”).


issketi

isskū (active first-person present singular)
isskemam (active first-person imperfect singular)
īssū (active first-person future singular)
iyoisa (active first-person preterite singular)
isskesi (active present second-person singular)
issketās (active imperfect second-person singular)
īssesi (active future second-person singular)
iyoisas? (active preterite second-person singular)
issketi (active present singular third-person)
issketo (active imperfect singular third-person)
īsseti (active future singular third-person)
iyoise (active preterite singular third-person)
isskomosi (active first-person plural present)
isskemo (active first-person imperfect plural)
īssomosi (active first-person future plural)
iyoismo (active first-person plural preterite)
issketesi (active plural present second-person)
isskestē (active imperfect plural second-person)
īssetesi (active future plural second-person)
iyoise (active plural preterite second-person)
isskonti (active plural present third-person)
isskento (active imperfect plural third-person)
īssonti (active future plural third-person)
iyoisars (active plural preterite third-person)
eissū (active first-person present singular subjunctive)
eissesi (active present second-person singular subjunctive)
isske (active imperative second-person singular)
eisseti (active present singular subjunctive third-person)
issketou (active imperative singular third-person)
eissomosi (active first-person plural present subjunctive)
isskomos (active first-person imperative plural)
eissetesi (active plural present second-person subjunctive)
isskete (active imperative plural second-person)
eissonti (active plural present subjunctive third-person)
isskontou (active imperative plural third-person)
isskūr (first-person passive present singular)
īssūr (first-person future passive singular)
iyoisra (first-person passive preterite singular)
issketar (passive present second-person singular)
īssetar (future passive second-person singular)
iyoisras? (passive preterite second-person singular)
issketor (passive present singular third-person)
īssetor (future passive singular third-person)
iyoisre (passive preterite singular third-person)
isskommor (first-person passive plural present)
īssommor (first-person future passive plural)
isskedwe (passive plural present second-person)
īssedwe (future passive plural second-person)
isskontor (passive plural present third-person)
īssontor (future passive plural third-person)
eissūr (first-person passive present singular subjunctive)
eissetar (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
eissetor (passive present singular subjunctive third-person)
eissommor (first-person passive plural present subjunctive)
eissedwe (passive plural present second-person subjunctive)
eissontor (passive plural present subjunctive third-person)
isskonts (nominative singular)
isskonte (dual nominative)
isskontes (nominative plural)
isskonts (singular vocative)
isskonte (dual vocative)
isskontes (plural vocative)
isskontam (accusative singular)
isskonte (accusative dual)
isskontans (accusative plural)
isskantos (genitive singular)
isskantom (genitive plural)
isskantei (dative singular)
isskantbom (dative dual)
isskantbos (dative plural)
isskantī? (instrumental singular)
isskantbim (dual instrumental)
isskantbis (instrumental plural)
isskantī (nominative singular)
isskantī (dual nominative)
isskantiyās (nominative plural)
isskantī (singular vocative)
isskantī (dual vocative)
isskantiyās (plural vocative)
isskantīm (accusative singular)
isskantī (accusative dual)
isskantiyans (accusative plural)
isskantyās (genitive singular)
isskantyom (genitive plural)
isskantyāi (dative singular)
isskantyābom (dative dual)
isskantyābos (dative plural)
isskantyābim (dual instrumental)
isskantyābis (instrumental plural)
isskont (nominative singular)
isskonta (nominative plural)
isskont (singular vocative)
isskonta (plural vocative)
isskont (accusative singular)
isskonta (accusative plural)
istos (nominative singular)
istou (dual nominative)
istoi (nominative plural)
iste (singular vocative)
istou (dual vocative)
istoi (plural vocative)
istom (accusative singular)
istou (accusative dual)
istons (accusative plural)
istī (genitive singular)
istous (dual genitive)
istom (genitive plural)
istūi (dative singular)
istobom (dative dual)
istobos (dative plural)
istū (instrumental singular)
istobim (dual instrumental)
istobis (instrumental plural)
istā (nominative singular)
istai (dual nominative)
istās (nominative plural)
istā (singular vocative)
istai (dual vocative)
istās (plural vocative)
istam (accusative singular)
istai (accusative dual)
istans (accusative plural)
istās (genitive singular)
istai (dative singular)
istābom (dative dual)
istābos (dative plural)
istābim (dual instrumental)
istābis (instrumental plural)
istom (nominative singular)
istā (nominative plural)
istom (singular vocative)
istā (plural vocative)
istā (accusative plural)

From Proto-Indo-European *h₂eys- (“to seek”), more specifically via *h₂is-sḱé-ti, a *-sḱéti present.

𐌉𐌔𐌉𐌕𐌉

isiti, 3sg. pres. of *is-e-yeti > *isīti? 3sg. fut. *is-syeti?


Wirokū

Wirokū (nominative singular)
Wirokū (singular vocative)

Proto-Brythonic: *Gwurgi (late)

Old Breton: Gurki

Old Welsh: Guurci

Middle Welsh: Gwrgi

desc

→⇒ Latin: Viroconium (from an early Brittonic *Wirokon, from an oblique stem)

→⇒ English: Wroxeter

Old Irish: Ferchú

Celtiberian: Uiroku

From *wiros (“man”) + *kū; a close parallel is apparent in (West?) Germanic *werawulf.


nityos

nityos (nominative singular)
nityou (dual nominative)
nityoi (nominative plural)
nitye (singular vocative)
nityou (dual vocative)
nityoi (plural vocative)
nityom (accusative singular)
nityou (accusative dual)
nityons (accusative plural)
nityī (genitive singular)
nityous (dual genitive)
nityom (genitive plural)
nityūi (dative singular)
nityobom (dative dual)
nityobos (dative plural)
nityū (instrumental singular)
nityobim (dual instrumental)
nityobis (instrumental plural)
nityā (nominative singular)
nityai (dual nominative)
nityās (nominative plural)
nityā (singular vocative)
nityai (dual vocative)
nityās (plural vocative)
nityam (accusative singular)
nityai (accusative dual)
nityans (accusative plural)
nityās (genitive singular)
nityai (dative singular)
nityābom (dative dual)
nityābos (dative plural)
nityābim (dual instrumental)
nityābis (instrumental plural)
nityom (nominative singular)
nityā (nominative plural)
nityom (singular vocative)
nityā (plural vocative)
nityā (accusative plural)

Gaulish: *nitio-

→⇒ Latin: Nitiobriges, Nitiobroges, Nitiogenus, Nitiogenna

From Proto-Indo-European *nítyos, formed to *ní (whence also the prefix *ni-). Cognate to Proto-Germanic *niþjaz and Sanskrit नित्य (nitya, “eternal”).


exswertis

exswertis (nominative singular)
exswertī (dual nominative)
exswertīs (nominative plural)
exswerti (singular vocative)
exswertī (dual vocative)
exswertīs (plural vocative)
exswertim (accusative singular)
exswertī (accusative dual)
exswertins (accusative plural)
exswerteis (genitive singular)
exswertyou (dual genitive)
exswertyom (genitive plural)
exswertei (dative singular)
exswertibom (dative dual)
exswertibos (dative plural)
exswertī (instrumental singular)
exswertibim (dual instrumental)
exswertibis (instrumental plural)
exswerti (nominative singular)
exswertyā (nominative plural)
exswertyā (plural vocative)
exswerti (accusative singular)
exswertyā (accusative plural)
exswertois (genitive singular)
exswertois (dual genitive)
exswertē (dative singular)

Proto-Brythonic: *exwɨrθ

Welsh: echwyrth (“foolish”)

Old Irish: esert, esirt (“vagrant”)

⇒ Gaulish: exuertinin (“disloyal”, acc. sg. f.)

From *exs- + *wert- (“to turn”) + *-is (forms adjectives from prefixed bases).


segetlā

segetlā (nominative singular)
segetlai (dual nominative)
segetlās (nominative plural)
segetlā (singular vocative)
segetlai (dual vocative)
segetlās (plural vocative)
segetlam (accusative singular)
segetlai (accusative dual)
segetlāns (accusative plural)
segetlās (genitive singular)
segetlous (dual genitive)
segetlom (genitive plural)
segetlāi (dative singular)
segetlābom (dative dual)
segetlābos (dative plural)
segetlai (locative singular)
segetlābim (dual instrumental)
segetlābis (instrumental plural)

Proto-Brythonic: *haɣeðl

Middle Breton: haezl

Breton: hael

Old Welsh: edil

Welsh: haeddel

From Proto-Indo-European *seǵʰ- (“to hold”), with a formation exactly like Ancient Greek ἐχέτλη (ekhétlē).


uxsedyos

uxsedyos (nominative singular)
uxsedyou (dual nominative)
uxsedyoi (nominative plural)
uxsedye (singular vocative)
uxsedyou (dual vocative)
uxsedyoi (plural vocative)
uxsedyom (accusative singular)
uxsedyou (accusative dual)
uxsedyons (accusative plural)
uxsedyī (genitive singular)
uxsedyous (dual genitive)
uxsedyom (genitive plural)
uxsedyūi (dative singular)
uxsedyobom (dative dual)
uxsedyobos (dative plural)
uxsedyū (instrumental singular)
uxsedyobim (dual instrumental)
uxsedyobis (instrumental plural)
uxsedyā (nominative singular)
uxsedyai (dual nominative)
uxsedyās (nominative plural)
uxsedyā (singular vocative)
uxsedyai (dual vocative)
uxsedyās (plural vocative)
uxsedyam (accusative singular)
uxsedyai (accusative dual)
uxsedyans (accusative plural)
uxsedyās (genitive singular)
uxsedyai (dative singular)
uxsedyābom (dative dual)
uxsedyābos (dative plural)
uxsedyābim (dual instrumental)
uxsedyābis (instrumental plural)
uxsedyom (nominative singular)
uxsedyā (nominative plural)
uxsedyom (singular vocative)
uxsedyā (plural vocative)
uxsedyā (accusative plural)

Gaulish: uxedios

desc

⇒? Celtiberian: useizu (nom. sg.), useizunos (gen. sg.) (from on-suffixed *uxsedyū)

From *uxse (“above”) + *-dyos (adjectival suffix).


bergus

bergus (nominative singular)
bergū (dual nominative)
bergowes (nominative plural)
bergu (singular vocative)
bergū (dual vocative)
bergūs (plural vocative)
bergum (accusative singular)
bergū (accusative dual)
berguns (accusative plural)
bergous (genitive singular)
bergous (dual genitive)
bergowom (genitive plural)
bergou (dative singular)
bergubom (dative dual)
bergubos (dative plural)
bergū (instrumental singular)
bergubim (dual instrumental)
bergubis (instrumental plural)
bergu (nominative singular)
bergwā (nominative plural)
bergwā (plural vocative)
bergu (accusative singular)
bergwā (accusative plural)

desc

Gaulish: *bergisamos, *bergimos (superlative forms)

→ Latin: Bergimus (divine and personal name), Berisamus (place name)

suffixed with <i class="Latn mention" lang="cel-pro">*-ākos</i>

⇒ Celtiberian: berkuakum (gen. pl. m.) (suffixed with *-ākos)

From Proto-Indo-European *bʰérǵʰ-u-s ~ *bʰr̥ǵʰ-éws, from the root *bʰerǵʰ- (“high, elevated”).


sāgisamos

sāgisamos (nominative singular)
sāgisamou (dual nominative)
sāgisamoi (nominative plural)
sāgisame (singular vocative)
sāgisamou (dual vocative)
sāgisamoi (plural vocative)
sāgisamom (accusative singular)
sāgisamou (accusative dual)
sāgisamons (accusative plural)
sāgisamī (genitive singular)
sāgisamous (dual genitive)
sāgisamom (genitive plural)
sāgisamūi (dative singular)
sāgisamobom (dative dual)
sāgisamobos (dative plural)
sāgisamū (instrumental singular)
sāgisamobim (dual instrumental)
sāgisamobis (instrumental plural)
sāgisamā (nominative singular)
sāgisamai (dual nominative)
sāgisamās (nominative plural)
sāgisamā (singular vocative)
sāgisamai (dual vocative)
sāgisamās (plural vocative)
sāgisamam (accusative singular)
sāgisamai (accusative dual)
sāgisamans (accusative plural)
sāgisamās (genitive singular)
sāgisamai (dative singular)
sāgisamābom (dative dual)
sāgisamābos (dative plural)
sāgisamābim (dual instrumental)
sāgisamābis (instrumental plural)
sāgisamom (nominative singular)
sāgisamā (nominative plural)
sāgisamom (singular vocative)
sāgisamā (plural vocative)
sāgisamā (accusative plural)

Gaulish: *saxamos

→ Latin: Saxamus, Saxsamus, Saxxamus

Lepontic: 𐌔𐌀𐌔𐌀𐌌𐌏𐌔 (sasamos)

Related to Proto-Indo-European *seh₂g- (“to seek”) by Delamarre and Prósper, with the superlative suffix *-isamos.


rīgisamos

rīgisamos (nominative singular)
rīgisamou (dual nominative)
rīgisamoi (nominative plural)
rīgisame (singular vocative)
rīgisamou (dual vocative)
rīgisamoi (plural vocative)
rīgisamom (accusative singular)
rīgisamou (accusative dual)
rīgisamons (accusative plural)
rīgisamī (genitive singular)
rīgisamous (dual genitive)
rīgisamom (genitive plural)
rīgisamūi (dative singular)
rīgisamobom (dative dual)
rīgisamobos (dative plural)
rīgisamū (instrumental singular)
rīgisamobim (dual instrumental)
rīgisamobis (instrumental plural)
rīgisamā (nominative singular)
rīgisamai (dual nominative)
rīgisamās (nominative plural)
rīgisamā (singular vocative)
rīgisamai (dual vocative)
rīgisamās (plural vocative)
rīgisamam (accusative singular)
rīgisamai (accusative dual)
rīgisamans (accusative plural)
rīgisamās (genitive singular)
rīgisamai (dative singular)
rīgisamābom (dative dual)
rīgisamābos (dative plural)
rīgisamābim (dual instrumental)
rīgisamābis (instrumental plural)
rīgisamom (nominative singular)
rīgisamā (nominative plural)
rīgisamom (singular vocative)
rīgisamā (plural vocative)
rīgisamā (accusative plural)

Gaulish: *rīgisamos

→ Latin: Rīgisamus (epithet of Mars)

Celtiberian:

desc

→ Latin: Rīxamī, Rīxamae (divine names in the plural)

Following the interpretation by Delamarre as "very royal", this would effectively be *rīxs (“king”) (or some adjective derivative thereof) suffixed with *-isamos (superlative suffix).


enigenos

enigenos (nominative singular)
enigenou (dual nominative)
enigenoi (nominative plural)
enigene (singular vocative)
enigenou (dual vocative)
enigenoi (plural vocative)
enigenom (accusative singular)
enigenou (accusative dual)
enigenons (accusative plural)
enigenī (genitive singular)
enigenous (dual genitive)
enigenom (genitive plural)
enigenūi (dative singular)
enigenobom (dative dual)
enigenobos (dative plural)
enigenū (instrumental singular)
enigenobim (dual instrumental)
enigenobis (instrumental plural)
enigenā (nominative singular)
enigenai (dual nominative)
enigenās (nominative plural)
enigenā (singular vocative)
enigenai (dual vocative)
enigenās (plural vocative)
enigenam (accusative singular)
enigenai (accusative dual)
enigenans (accusative plural)
enigenās (genitive singular)
enigenai (dative singular)
enigenābom (dative dual)
enigenābos (dative plural)
enigenābim (dual instrumental)
enigenābis (instrumental plural)
enigenom (nominative singular)
enigenā (nominative plural)
enigenom (singular vocative)
enigenā (plural vocative)
enigenā (accusative plural)

Primitive Irish: ᚔᚅᚔᚌᚓᚅᚐ (inigena, “daughter”)

desctree

Old Irish: ingen
Middle Irish: ingen
Irish: iníon, inghean (superseded), inghin, inín (Connacht), nighean, níon (Ulster), inín
Manx: inneen
Scottish Gaelic: nighean, nigheann, inghean
⇒ Middle Irish: ingenach
⇒ Middle Irish: ingenas
Irish: iníonas

Gaulish: *Enigenos

→ Latin: Enigenus

born into a social group (e.g. a family, a lineage)


texto-

⇒ Old Irish: techtaid, >? techt

desc

Gaulish: *tecto-, ⇒ *Textosaxs (literally “goods-seeker”)

→ Ancient Greek: Τεκτόσαγες (Tektósages) (name of a Galatian tribe)

→ Latin: Tectosages, Tectosagae (name of a Gaulish tribe in France)

From Proto-Indo-European *tek- (“to take by the hand”).


textomāros

textomāros (nominative singular)
textomārou (dual nominative)
textomāroi (nominative plural)
textomāre (singular vocative)
textomārou (dual vocative)
textomāroi (plural vocative)
textomārom (accusative singular)
textomārou (accusative dual)
textomārons (accusative plural)
textomārī (genitive singular)
textomārous (dual genitive)
textomārom (genitive plural)
textomārūi (dative singular)
textomārobom (dative dual)
textomārobos (dative plural)
textomārū (instrumental singular)
textomārobim (dual instrumental)
textomārobis (instrumental plural)
textomārā (nominative singular)
textomārai (dual nominative)
textomārās (nominative plural)
textomārā (singular vocative)
textomārai (dual vocative)
textomārās (plural vocative)
textomāram (accusative singular)
textomārai (accusative dual)
textomārans (accusative plural)
textomārās (genitive singular)
textomārai (dative singular)
textomārābom (dative dual)
textomārābos (dative plural)
textomārābim (dual instrumental)
textomārābis (instrumental plural)
textomārom (nominative singular)
textomārā (nominative plural)
textomārom (singular vocative)
textomārā (plural vocative)
textomārā (accusative plural)

desc

Middle Irish: techtmar (epithet of legendary king Tuathal)

Gaulish: *Tectomāros

→ Ancient Greek: Τεκτομάρος (Tektomáros) (name of a Galatian)

From *texto- (“possession”) + *māros (“great”).


tanxtos

tanxtos (nominative singular)
tanxtou (dual nominative)
tanxtoi (nominative plural)
tanxte (singular vocative)
tanxtou (dual vocative)
tanxtoi (plural vocative)
tanxtom (accusative singular)
tanxtou (accusative dual)
tanxtons (accusative plural)
tanxtī (genitive singular)
tanxtous (dual genitive)
tanxtom (genitive plural)
tanxtūi (dative singular)
tanxtobom (dative dual)
tanxtobos (dative plural)
tanxtū (instrumental singular)
tanxtobim (dual instrumental)
tanxtobis (instrumental plural)
tanxtā (nominative singular)
tanxtai (dual nominative)
tanxtās (nominative plural)
tanxtā (singular vocative)
tanxtai (dual vocative)
tanxtās (plural vocative)
tanxtam (accusative singular)
tanxtai (accusative dual)
tanxtans (accusative plural)
tanxtās (genitive singular)
tanxtai (dative singular)
tanxtābom (dative dual)
tanxtābos (dative plural)
tanxtābim (dual instrumental)
tanxtābis (instrumental plural)
tanxtom (nominative singular)
tanxtā (nominative plural)
tanxtom (singular vocative)
tanxtā (plural vocative)
tanxtā (accusative plural)

Middle Irish: técht, ⇒ téchtaid

Irish: téacht

Scottish Gaelic: tèachd

From Proto-Indo-European *tenk- (“to become fixed, solid”).


tanxtyos

tanxtyos (nominative singular)
tanxtyou (dual nominative)
tanxtyoi (nominative plural)
tanxtye (singular vocative)
tanxtyou (dual vocative)
tanxtyoi (plural vocative)
tanxtyom (accusative singular)
tanxtyou (accusative dual)
tanxtyons (accusative plural)
tanxtyī (genitive singular)
tanxtyous (dual genitive)
tanxtyom (genitive plural)
tanxtyūi (dative singular)
tanxtyobom (dative dual)
tanxtyobos (dative plural)
tanxtyū (instrumental singular)
tanxtyobim (dual instrumental)
tanxtyobis (instrumental plural)
tanxtyā (nominative singular)
tanxtyai (dual nominative)
tanxtyās (nominative plural)
tanxtyā (singular vocative)
tanxtyai (dual vocative)
tanxtyās (plural vocative)
tanxtyam (accusative singular)
tanxtyai (accusative dual)
tanxtyans (accusative plural)
tanxtyās (genitive singular)
tanxtyai (dative singular)
tanxtyābom (dative dual)
tanxtyābos (dative plural)
tanxtyābim (dual instrumental)
tanxtyābis (instrumental plural)
tanxtyom (nominative singular)
tanxtyā (nominative plural)
tanxtyom (singular vocative)
tanxtyā (plural vocative)
tanxtyā (accusative plural)

Proto-Brythonic: *tėɨθ

Middle Welsh: teithi pl

Welsh: teithi

Old Irish: téchtae

From *tanxtos (“frozen”) + *-yos (adjectival suffix).


kādos

kādos (nominative singular)
kādese? (dual nominative)
kādesa (nominative plural)
kādos (singular vocative)
kādese? (dual vocative)
kādesa (plural vocative)
kādos (accusative singular)
kādese? (accusative dual)
kādesa (accusative plural)
kādesos (genitive singular)
kādesous? (dual genitive)
kādesom (genitive plural)
kādesei (dative singular)
kādesbom (dative dual)
kādesbos (dative plural)
kādesi (locative singular)
kādesei (instrumental singular)
kādesbim (dual instrumental)
kādesbis (instrumental plural)

Proto-Brythonic: *kọð

Middle Breton: cuez, queuz

Breton: keuz

Middle Cornish: cueth

Cornish: keudh

Middle Welsh: kawð

Welsh: cawdd

From Proto-Indo-European *ḱeh₂d- (“strong negative emotion”).


wersos

wersais (comparative)
wersos (nominative singular)
wersou (dual nominative)
wersoi (nominative plural)
werse (singular vocative)
wersou (dual vocative)
wersoi (plural vocative)
wersom (accusative singular)
wersou (accusative dual)
wersons (accusative plural)
wersī (genitive singular)
wersous (dual genitive)
wersom (genitive plural)
wersūi (dative singular)
wersobom (dative dual)
wersobos (dative plural)
wersū (instrumental singular)
wersobim (dual instrumental)
wersobis (instrumental plural)
wersā (nominative singular)
wersai (dual nominative)
wersās (nominative plural)
wersā (singular vocative)
wersai (dual vocative)
wersās (plural vocative)
wersam (accusative singular)
wersai (accusative dual)
wersans (accusative plural)
wersās (genitive singular)
wersai (dative singular)
wersābom (dative dual)
wersābos (dative plural)
wersābim (dual instrumental)
wersābis (instrumental plural)
wersom (nominative singular)
wersā (nominative plural)
wersom (singular vocative)
wersā (plural vocative)
wersā (accusative plural)

desctree

Old Irish: ferr
Irish: fearr
Manx: share
Scottish Gaelic: feàrr

desc

⇒ Celtiberian: uerzaizokum (family name from a degree of comparison)

From Proto-Indo-European *wers- (“to rise, raise”).


warsā

warsā (nominative singular)
warsai (dual nominative)
warsās (nominative plural)
warsā (singular vocative)
warsai (dual vocative)
warsās (plural vocative)
warsam (accusative singular)
warsai (accusative dual)
warsāns (accusative plural)
warsās (genitive singular)
warsous (dual genitive)
warsom (genitive plural)
warsāi (dative singular)
warsābom (dative dual)
warsābos (dative plural)
warsai (locative singular)
warsābim (dual instrumental)
warsābis (instrumental plural)

desc

Proto-Brythonic: *gwarr (“(nape of the) neck”)

Old Cornish: guar

Old Welsh: guar

Middle Welsh: gwar

Welsh: gwar

Middle Irish: farr

From Proto-Indo-European *wr̥s-éh₂, from *wers- (“to rise, elevate”).


-dixs

-dixs (nominative singular)
-dike (dual nominative)
-dikes (nominative plural)
-dixs (singular vocative)
-dike (dual vocative)
-dikes (plural vocative)
-dikam (accusative singular)
-dike (accusative dual)
-dikans (accusative plural)
-dikos (genitive singular)
-dikou (dual genitive)
-dikom (genitive plural)
-dikei (dative singular)
-dikobom (dative dual)
-dikobos (dative plural)
-diki (locative singular)
-dike? (instrumental singular)
-dikobim (dual instrumental)
-dikobis (instrumental plural)
-dexs (nominative singular)
-deke (dual nominative)
-dekes (nominative plural)
-dexs (singular vocative)
-deke (dual vocative)
-dekes (plural vocative)
-dekam (accusative singular)
-deke (accusative dual)
-dekans (accusative plural)
-dekos (genitive singular)
-dekou (dual genitive)
-dekom (genitive plural)
-dekei (dative singular)
-dekobom (dative dual)
-dekobos (dative plural)
-deki (locative singular)
-deke? (instrumental singular)
-dekobim (dual instrumental)
-dekobis (instrumental plural)

The form and etymology of this suffix appearing in personal names is difficult to determine.
* Joseph, reconstructing *-dek-, argues for an origin in Proto-Indo-European *deḱ- (“to serve”).
* Stifter, finding the palatalization in genitive singular Luigdech inexplicable otherwise, favours *-dik-, from Proto-Indo-European *deyḱ- (“to point”).

Meaning unclear, see etymology; possibilities include:


adgaryeti

adgaryū (active first-person present singular)
adgaryemam (active first-person imperfect singular)
adgaryesi (active present second-person singular)
adgaryetās (active imperfect second-person singular)
adgaryeti (active present singular third-person)
adgaryeto (active imperfect singular third-person)
adgaryomosi (active first-person plural present)
adgaryemo (active first-person imperfect plural)
adgaryetesi (active plural present second-person)
adgaryestē (active imperfect plural second-person)
adgaryonti (active plural present third-person)
adgaryento (active imperfect plural third-person)
adgarye (active imperative second-person singular)
adgaryetou (active imperative singular third-person)
adgaryomos (active first-person imperative plural)
adgaryete (active imperative plural second-person)
adgaryontou (active imperative plural third-person)
adgaryūr (first-person passive present singular)
adgaryetar (passive present second-person singular)
adgaryetor (passive present singular third-person)
adgaryommor (first-person passive plural present)
adgaryedwe (passive plural present second-person)
adgaryontor (passive plural present third-person)
adgaryonts (nominative singular)
adgaryonte (dual nominative)
adgaryontes (nominative plural)
adgaryonts (singular vocative)
adgaryonte (dual vocative)
adgaryontes (plural vocative)
adgaryontam (accusative singular)
adgaryonte (accusative dual)
adgaryontans (accusative plural)
adgaryantos (genitive singular)
adgaryantom (genitive plural)
adgaryantei (dative singular)
adgaryantbom (dative dual)
adgaryantbos (dative plural)
adgaryantī? (instrumental singular)
adgaryantbim (dual instrumental)
adgaryantbis (instrumental plural)
adgaryantī (nominative singular)
adgaryantī (dual nominative)
adgaryantiyās (nominative plural)
adgaryantī (singular vocative)
adgaryantī (dual vocative)
adgaryantiyās (plural vocative)
adgaryantīm (accusative singular)
adgaryantī (accusative dual)
adgaryantiyans (accusative plural)
adgaryantyās (genitive singular)
adgaryantyom (genitive plural)
adgaryantyāi (dative singular)
adgaryantyābom (dative dual)
adgaryantyābos (dative plural)
adgaryantyābim (dual instrumental)
adgaryantyābis (instrumental plural)
adgaryont (nominative singular)
adgaryonta (nominative plural)
adgaryont (singular vocative)
adgaryonta (plural vocative)
adgaryont (accusative singular)
adgaryonta (accusative plural)

desctree

Old Irish: ad·gair
Irish: agair
Manx: aggyrt
Scottish Gaelic: agair

desc

Gaulish: adgarie (3sg. pres.), adgariontas (pres. part. acc. pl. f.)


ɸolusamos

ɸolusamos (nominative singular)
ɸolusamou (dual nominative)
ɸolusamoi (nominative plural)
ɸolusame (singular vocative)
ɸolusamou (dual vocative)
ɸolusamoi (plural vocative)
ɸolusamom (accusative singular)
ɸolusamou (accusative dual)
ɸolusamons (accusative plural)
ɸolusamī (genitive singular)
ɸolusamous (dual genitive)
ɸolusamom (genitive plural)
ɸolusamūi (dative singular)
ɸolusamobom (dative dual)
ɸolusamobos (dative plural)
ɸolusamei (locative singular)
ɸolusamū (instrumental singular)
ɸolusamobim (dual instrumental)
ɸolusamūis (instrumental plural)

desctree

Old Irish: ollam
Irish: ollamh
→ English: ollamh
Manx: olloo
Scottish Gaelic: ollamh

Gaulish: olusami (gen. sg.)

An *-isamos superlative of an adjective *ɸolus, backformed from the neuter noun Proto-Indo-European *polh₁u, from *pleh₁- (“to fill”).


reixstrom

reixstrom (nominative singular)
reixstrou (dual nominative)
reixstrā (nominative plural)
reixstrom (singular vocative)
reixstrou (dual vocative)
reixstrā (plural vocative)
reixstrom (accusative singular)
reixstrou (accusative dual)
reixstrā (accusative plural)
reixstrī (genitive singular)
reixstrous (dual genitive)
reixstrom (genitive plural)
reixstrūi (dative singular)
reixstrobom (dative dual)
reixstrobos (dative plural)
reixstrei (locative singular)
reixstrū (instrumental singular)
reixstrobim (dual instrumental)
reixstrūis (instrumental plural)

Proto-Brythonic: *rruɨstr

Breton: rouestl, ⇒ rouestlañ

Middle Welsh: rhwystr

Welsh: rhwystr

⇒ Middle Irish: ríastraid

From a root *reig- present in *rigeti (“to bind”) + *-strom (instrumental suffix).


-strom

-strom (nominative singular)
-strou (dual nominative)
-strā (nominative plural)
-strom (singular vocative)
-strou (dual vocative)
-strā (plural vocative)
-strom (accusative singular)
-strou (accusative dual)
-strā (accusative plural)
-strī (genitive singular)
-strous (dual genitive)
-strom (genitive plural)
-strūi (dative singular)
-strobom (dative dual)
-strobos (dative plural)
-strei (locative singular)
-strū (instrumental singular)
-strobim (dual instrumental)
-strūis (instrumental plural)

A variant of *-trom much like how *-sman arose alongside *-man.


adaxstrom

adaxstrom (nominative singular)
adaxstrou (dual nominative)
adaxstrā (nominative plural)
adaxstrom (singular vocative)
adaxstrou (dual vocative)
adaxstrā (plural vocative)
adaxstrom (accusative singular)
adaxstrou (accusative dual)
adaxstrā (accusative plural)
adaxstrī (genitive singular)
adaxstrous (dual genitive)
adaxstrom (genitive plural)
adaxstrūi (dative singular)
adaxstrobom (dative dual)
adaxstrobos (dative plural)
adaxstrei (locative singular)
adaxstrū (instrumental singular)
adaxstrobim (dual instrumental)
adaxstrūis (instrumental plural)

desc

⇒ Proto-Brythonic: *ėdėstr (“horse, foal; i.e. something ridden with a halter”)

Middle Welsh: eddystr, eddestr, etystir

Welsh: eddystr, eddestr

Old Irish: adastor

Middle Irish: adastar

Irish: adhastar

Manx: eiystyr

Scottish Gaelic: adhastar

From *ad-ageti (“to drive”) + *-strom (instrumental suffix).