adageti

adagū (active first-person present singular)
adagemam (active first-person imperfect singular)
adagam (active first-person preterite singular)
adagesi (active present second-person singular)
adagetās (active imperfect second-person singular)
adaxs (active preterite second-person singular)
adageti (active present singular third-person)
adageto (active imperfect singular third-person)
adaxt (active preterite singular third-person)
adagomosi (active first-person plural present)
adagemo (active first-person imperfect plural)
adagme (active first-person plural preterite)
adagetesi (active plural present second-person)
adagestē (active imperfect plural second-person)
adaxte (active plural preterite second-person)
adagonti (active plural present third-person)
adagento (active imperfect plural third-person)
adagant (active plural preterite third-person)
adagāsū (active first-person present singular subjunctive)
adagāsesi (active present second-person singular subjunctive)
adage (active imperative second-person singular)
adagāseti (active present singular subjunctive third-person)
adagetou (active imperative singular third-person)
adagāsomosi (active first-person plural present subjunctive)
adagomos (active first-person imperative plural)
adagāsetesi (active plural present second-person subjunctive)
adagete (active imperative plural second-person)
adagāsonti (active plural present subjunctive third-person)
adagontou (active imperative plural third-person)
adagūr (first-person passive present singular)
adagetar (passive present second-person singular)
adagetor (passive present singular third-person)
adagommor (first-person passive plural present)
adagedwe (passive plural present second-person)
adagontor (passive plural present third-person)
adaganto (passive plural preterite third-person)
adagāsūr (first-person passive present singular subjunctive)
adagāsetar (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
adagāsetor (passive present singular subjunctive third-person)
adagāsommor (first-person passive plural present subjunctive)
adagāsedwe (passive plural present second-person subjunctive)
adagāsontor (passive plural present subjunctive third-person)
adagonts (nominative singular)
adagonte (dual nominative)
adagontes (nominative plural)
adagonts (singular vocative)
adagonte (dual vocative)
adagontes (plural vocative)
adagontam (accusative singular)
adagonte (accusative dual)
adagontans (accusative plural)
adagantos (genitive singular)
adagantom (genitive plural)
adagantei (dative singular)
adagantbom (dative dual)
adagantbos (dative plural)
adagantī? (instrumental singular)
adagantbim (dual instrumental)
adagantbis (instrumental plural)
adagantī (nominative singular)
adagantī (dual nominative)
adagantiyās (nominative plural)
adagantī (singular vocative)
adagantī (dual vocative)
adagantiyās (plural vocative)
adagantīm (accusative singular)
adagantī (accusative dual)
adagantiyans (accusative plural)
adagantyās (genitive singular)
adagantyom (genitive plural)
adagantyāi (dative singular)
adagantyābom (dative dual)
adagantyābos (dative plural)
adagantyābim (dual instrumental)
adagantyābis (instrumental plural)
adagont (nominative singular)
adagonta (nominative plural)
adagont (singular vocative)
adagonta (plural vocative)
adagont (accusative singular)
adagonta (accusative plural)
adaxtos (nominative singular)
adaxtou (dual nominative)
adaxtoi (nominative plural)
adaxte (singular vocative)
adaxtou (dual vocative)
adaxtoi (plural vocative)
adaxtom (accusative singular)
adaxtou (accusative dual)
adaxtons (accusative plural)
adaxtī (genitive singular)
adaxtous (dual genitive)
adaxtom (genitive plural)
adaxtūi (dative singular)
adaxtobom (dative dual)
adaxtobos (dative plural)
adaxtū (instrumental singular)
adaxtobim (dual instrumental)
adaxtobis (instrumental plural)
adaxtā (nominative singular)
adaxtai (dual nominative)
adaxtās (nominative plural)
adaxtā (singular vocative)
adaxtai (dual vocative)
adaxtās (plural vocative)
adaxtam (accusative singular)
adaxtai (accusative dual)
adaxtans (accusative plural)
adaxtās (genitive singular)
adaxtai (dative singular)
adaxtābom (dative dual)
adaxtābos (dative plural)
adaxtābim (dual instrumental)
adaxtābis (instrumental plural)
adaxtom (nominative singular)
adaxtā (nominative plural)
adaxtom (singular vocative)
adaxtā (plural vocative)
adaxtā (accusative plural)

Old Irish: ad·aig

canhymðaant (3pl pres)

⇒ Proto-Brythonic: (prefixed with *kant-); Middle Welsh

gorymða (3sg pres)

⇒ Proto-Brythonic: (prefixed with *gwor-); Middle Welsh


Brigantiyā

Brigantiyā (nominative singular)
Brigantiyai (dual nominative)
Brigantiyās (nominative plural)
Brigantiyā (singular vocative)
Brigantiyai (dual vocative)
Brigantiyās (plural vocative)
Brigantiyam (accusative singular)
Brigantiyai (accusative dual)
Brigantiyāns (accusative plural)
Brigantiyās (genitive singular)
Brigantiyom (genitive plural)
Brigantiyāi (dative singular)
Brigantiyābom (dative dual)
Brigantiyābos (dative plural)
Brigantiyai (locative singular)
Brigantiyābim (dual instrumental)
Brigantiyābis (instrumental plural)

Manx: Breeshey

Scottish Gaelic: Brìghde, Brìde

→ Latin: Brigantium/Brigantia

From *brigantī (“high or elevated”) + *-iyā (deadjectival abstract suffix).

af

(Celtic mythology) A Celtic goddess of victory.


gʷoniyos

gʷoniyos (nominative singular)
gʷoniyou (dual nominative)
gʷoniyoi (nominative plural)
gʷoniye (singular vocative)
gʷoniyou (dual vocative)
gʷoniyoi (plural vocative)
gʷoniyom (accusative singular)
gʷoniyou (accusative dual)
gʷoniyons (accusative plural)
gʷoniyī (genitive singular)
gʷoniyous (dual genitive)
gʷoniyom (genitive plural)
gʷoniyūi (dative singular)
gʷoniyobom (dative dual)
gʷoniyobos (dative plural)
gʷoniyei (locative singular)
gʷoniyū (instrumental singular)
gʷoniyobim (dual instrumental)
gʷoniyūis (instrumental plural)

Proto-Brythonic: *gwönɨð

Middle Welsh: gwenydd

desc

in e.g. <i class="Latn mention" lang="sga">sedguine</i>

Old Irish: -guine (in e.g. sedguine)

Middle Irish: -guine (in e.g. corrguine, Bóguine, Finguine)

Extension of *gʷonos (“killer”) by *-iyos (agent noun suffix).


uɸerkʷennom

uɸerkʷennom (nominative singular)
uɸerkʷennou (dual nominative)
uɸerkʷennā (nominative plural)
uɸerkʷennom (singular vocative)
uɸerkʷennou (dual vocative)
uɸerkʷennā (plural vocative)
uɸerkʷennom (accusative singular)
uɸerkʷennou (accusative dual)
uɸerkʷennā (accusative plural)
uɸerkʷennī (genitive singular)
uɸerkʷennous (dual genitive)
uɸerkʷennom (genitive plural)
uɸerkʷennūi (dative singular)
uɸerkʷennobom (dative dual)
uɸerkʷennobos (dative plural)
uɸerkʷennei (locative singular)
uɸerkʷennū (instrumental singular)
uɸerkʷennobim (dual instrumental)
uɸerkʷennūis (instrumental plural)

Proto-Brythonic: *gworfenn (unlenited), *warfenn (lenited)

Old Breton: gurpenn

Middle Breton: gourfenn

Cornish: gorfen

Old Welsh: guarphenn

Middle Welsh: gorffen

Welsh: gorffen

desctree

Old Irish: forcenn, forcan
Irish: foirceann

From *uɸer- (“over”) + *kʷennom (“head”).


waidis

waidis (nominative singular)
waidī (dual nominative)
waidīs (nominative plural)
waidi (singular vocative)
waidī (dual vocative)
waidīs (plural vocative)
waidim (accusative singular)
waidī (accusative dual)
waidins (accusative plural)
waideis (genitive singular)
waidyow (dual genitive)
waidyom (genitive plural)
waidei (dative singular)
waidibom (dative dual)
waidibos (dative plural)
waidei (locative singular)
waidī (instrumental singular)
waidibim (dual instrumental)
waidibis (instrumental plural)

Proto-Brythonic: *gwoɨð

Middle Welsh: guaet, gwaeð

Welsh: gwaedd

Middle Irish: faíd

Irish: faí

Usually considered a derivative of *wai.


kʷetru-

Proto-Brythonic:

Middle Welsh: pedry-

Welsh: pedry-

Old Irish: cethar-

Middle Irish: cethar-

desc

Gaulish: petru- (in e.g. petrudecametos and Petrocorii)

From a metathesized variant of Proto-Indo-European *kʷetwr̥-. Prefix counterpart to *kʷetwores.


kʷetrVkonts

kʷetrVkonts (nominative singular)
kʷetrVkonte (dual nominative)
kʷetrVkontes (nominative plural)
kʷetrVkonts (singular vocative)
kʷetrVkonte (dual vocative)
kʷetrVkontes (plural vocative)
kʷetrVkontam (accusative singular)
kʷetrVkonte (accusative dual)
kʷetrVkontans (accusative plural)
kʷetrVkontos (genitive singular)
kʷetrVkontou (dual genitive)
kʷetrVkontom (genitive plural)
kʷetrVkontei (dative singular)
kʷetrVkontobom (dative dual)
kʷetrVkontobos (dative plural)
kʷetrVkonti (locative singular)
kʷetrVkonte? (instrumental singular)
kʷetrVkontobim (dual instrumental)
kʷetrVkontobis (instrumental plural)

desctree

Old Irish: cethorcho
Middle Irish: cethracha
Irish: ceathracha


uɸertamos

uɸertamos (nominative singular)
uɸertamou (dual nominative)
uɸertamoi (nominative plural)
uɸertame (singular vocative)
uɸertamou (dual vocative)
uɸertamoi (plural vocative)
uɸertamom (accusative singular)
uɸertamou (accusative dual)
uɸertamons (accusative plural)
uɸertamī (genitive singular)
uɸertamous (dual genitive)
uɸertamom (genitive plural)
uɸertamūi (dative singular)
uɸertamobom (dative dual)
uɸertamobos (dative plural)
uɸertamū (instrumental singular)
uɸertamobim (dual instrumental)
uɸertamobis (instrumental plural)
uɸertamā (nominative singular)
uɸertamai (dual nominative)
uɸertamās (nominative plural)
uɸertamā (singular vocative)
uɸertamai (dual vocative)
uɸertamās (plural vocative)
uɸertamam (accusative singular)
uɸertamai (accusative dual)
uɸertamans (accusative plural)
uɸertamās (genitive singular)
uɸertamai (dative singular)
uɸertamābom (dative dual)
uɸertamābos (dative plural)
uɸertamābim (dual instrumental)
uɸertamābis (instrumental plural)
uɸertamom (nominative singular)
uɸertamā (nominative plural)
uɸertamom (singular vocative)
uɸertamā (plural vocative)
uɸertamā (accusative plural)

Proto-Brythonic: *gworθaβ̃ (“summit”)

Middle Welsh: gwarthaf

Welsh: gwarthaf

desc

Gaulish: uertamon (“summit”, noun, acc. sg.), ⇒ (in Lezoux inscriptions) uertamaca, uertamica

→⇒ Latin: Vertamocorii

From *uɸer (“over”) + *-tamos (rare superlative suffix).


swexskonts

swexskonts (nominative singular)
swexskonte (dual nominative)
swexskontes (nominative plural)
swexskonts (singular vocative)
swexskonte (dual vocative)
swexskontes (plural vocative)
swexskontam (accusative singular)
swexskonte (accusative dual)
swexskontans (accusative plural)
swexskontos (genitive singular)
swexskontou (dual genitive)
swexskontom (genitive plural)
swexskontei (dative singular)
swexskontobom (dative dual)
swexskontobos (dative plural)
swexskonti (locative singular)
swexskonte? (instrumental singular)
swexskontobim (dual instrumental)
swexskontobis (instrumental plural)

desctree

Old Irish: sesca
Middle Irish: sesca
Irish: seasca
Scottish Gaelic: seasgad


kantometos

kantometos (nominative singular)
kantometou (dual nominative)
kantometoi (nominative plural)
kantomete (singular vocative)
kantometou (dual vocative)
kantometoi (plural vocative)
kantometom (accusative singular)
kantometou (accusative dual)
kantometons (accusative plural)
kantometī (genitive singular)
kantometous (dual genitive)
kantometom (genitive plural)
kantometūi (dative singular)
kantometobom (dative dual)
kantometobos (dative plural)
kantometū (instrumental singular)
kantometobim (dual instrumental)
kantometobis (instrumental plural)
kantometā (nominative singular)
kantometai (dual nominative)
kantometās (nominative plural)
kantometā (singular vocative)
kantometai (dual vocative)
kantometās (plural vocative)
kantometam (accusative singular)
kantometai (accusative dual)
kantometans (accusative plural)
kantometās (genitive singular)
kantometai (dative singular)
kantometābom (dative dual)
kantometābos (dative plural)
kantometābim (dual instrumental)
kantometābis (instrumental plural)
kantometom (nominative singular)
kantometā (nominative plural)
kantometom (singular vocative)
kantometā (plural vocative)
kantometā (accusative plural)

Proto-Brythonic: *kantβ̃ed

Middle Breton: canvet, cantvet

Breton: kantvet, kantved

Middle Welsh: canvet

Welsh: canfed

Middle Irish: cétmad
Irish: céadú
Manx: keeadoo
Scottish Gaelic: ceudamh

From *kantom (“hundred”) + *-etos (ordinal suffix).


kʷetrutos

kʷetrutos (nominative singular)
kʷetrutou (dual nominative)
kʷetrutoi (nominative plural)
kʷetrute (singular vocative)
kʷetrutou (dual vocative)
kʷetrutoi (plural vocative)
kʷetrutom (accusative singular)
kʷetrutou (accusative dual)
kʷetrutons (accusative plural)
kʷetrutī (genitive singular)
kʷetrutous (dual genitive)
kʷetrutom (genitive plural)
kʷetrutūi (dative singular)
kʷetrutobom (dative dual)
kʷetrutobos (dative plural)
kʷetrutū (instrumental singular)
kʷetrutobim (dual instrumental)
kʷetrutobis (instrumental plural)
kʷetrutā (nominative singular)
kʷetrutai (dual nominative)
kʷetrutās (nominative plural)
kʷetrutā (singular vocative)
kʷetrutai (dual vocative)
kʷetrutās (plural vocative)
kʷetrutam (accusative singular)
kʷetrutai (accusative dual)
kʷetrutans (accusative plural)
kʷetrutās (genitive singular)
kʷetrutai (dative singular)
kʷetrutābom (dative dual)
kʷetrutābos (dative plural)
kʷetrutābim (dual instrumental)
kʷetrutābis (instrumental plural)
kʷetrutom (nominative singular)
kʷetrutā (nominative plural)
kʷetrutom (singular vocative)
kʷetrutā (plural vocative)
kʷetrutā (accusative plural)

Gaulish: paetrute

From Proto-Indo-European *kʷetwr̥tós with a metathesis of sonorants.


kʷenxtos

kʷenxtos (nominative singular)
kʷenxtou (dual nominative)
kʷenxtoi (nominative plural)
kʷenxte (singular vocative)
kʷenxtou (dual vocative)
kʷenxtoi (plural vocative)
kʷenxtom (accusative singular)
kʷenxtou (accusative dual)
kʷenxtons (accusative plural)
kʷenxtī (genitive singular)
kʷenxtous (dual genitive)
kʷenxtom (genitive plural)
kʷenxtūi (dative singular)
kʷenxtobom (dative dual)
kʷenxtobos (dative plural)
kʷenxtū (instrumental singular)
kʷenxtobim (dual instrumental)
kʷenxtobis (instrumental plural)
kʷenxtā (nominative singular)
kʷenxtai (dual nominative)
kʷenxtās (nominative plural)
kʷenxtā (singular vocative)
kʷenxtai (dual vocative)
kʷenxtās (plural vocative)
kʷenxtam (accusative singular)
kʷenxtai (accusative dual)
kʷenxtans (accusative plural)
kʷenxtās (genitive singular)
kʷenxtai (dative singular)
kʷenxtābom (dative dual)
kʷenxtābos (dative plural)
kʷenxtābim (dual instrumental)
kʷenxtābis (instrumental plural)
kʷenxtom (nominative singular)
kʷenxtā (nominative plural)
kʷenxtom (singular vocative)
kʷenxtā (plural vocative)
kʷenxtā (accusative plural)

Gaulish: pixte, ⇒ Pixtilos

desc

→⇒ Latin: Pictacus, Pixticenus, Pictavī, Pictonēs

French: Poitou, Poitiers

Hispano-Celtic:

if not borrowed from Latin <i class="Latn mention" lang="la">Quīntus</i>

⇒? Celtiberian: kuintitaku (if not borrowed from Latin Quīntus)

→⇒? Latin: Pentius, Pentovius, Pintovius, Pintamus, Pentilus (various Hispanic names, from a P-Celtic dialect?)

From Proto-Indo-European *penkʷtós, ordinal to *pénkʷe.


agedā

agedā (nominative singular)
agedai (dual nominative)
agedās (nominative plural)
agedā (singular vocative)
agedai (dual vocative)
agedās (plural vocative)
agedam (accusative singular)
agedai (accusative dual)
agedāns (accusative plural)
agedās (genitive singular)
agedous (dual genitive)
agedom (genitive plural)
agedāi (dative singular)
agedābom (dative dual)
agedābos (dative plural)
agedai (locative singular)
agedābim (dual instrumental)
agedābis (instrumental plural)

desctree

Old Irish: agad, aiged
Irish: aghaidh
Scottish Gaelic: aghaidh
Manx: oaie

Gaulish: *agedo-

desc

→⇒ Latin: Agedus, Agedillus, Agedovirus, Agedomapas, Agedinius

Lepontic: 𐌀𐌊𐌄𐌑𐌉 (akeśi)

Vendryes derived this from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eǵ- (“to drive”), whence also *ageti.


adtekʷom

adtekʷom (nominative singular)
adtekʷou (dual nominative)
adtekʷā (nominative plural)
adtekʷom (singular vocative)
adtekʷou (dual vocative)
adtekʷā (plural vocative)
adtekʷom (accusative singular)
adtekʷou (accusative dual)
adtekʷā (accusative plural)
adtekʷī (genitive singular)
adtekʷous (dual genitive)
adtekʷom (genitive plural)
adtekūi (dative singular)
adtekʷobom (dative dual)
adtekʷobos (dative plural)
adtekʷei (locative singular)
adtekū (instrumental singular)
adtekʷobim (dual instrumental)
adtekʷūis (instrumental plural)

desctree

Old Irish: attach, atach
Middle Irish: attach
Irish: atach
Scottish Gaelic: atach

Gaulish: *atepo-, ⇒ *Ateporīx

desc

Galatian: Ατεπορειγος (Ateporeigos, gen. sg.)

→⇒ Latin: Ateporīx, Atepomārus

Lepontic: 𐌀𐌕𐌄𐌐𐌖 (atepu), 𐌀𐌕𐌄𐌐𐌀 (atepa)

From *ad- (“towards”) + *tekʷeti (“to run”) + *-om (action noun suffix). The corresponding finite verb appears in Old Irish ad·teich.


mrixtoretom

mrixtoretom (nominative singular)
mrixtoretou (dual nominative)
mrixtoretā (nominative plural)
mrixtoretom (singular vocative)
mrixtoretou (dual vocative)
mrixtoretā (plural vocative)
mrixtoretom (accusative singular)
mrixtoretou (accusative dual)
mrixtoretā (accusative plural)
mrixtoretī (genitive singular)
mrixtoretous (dual genitive)
mrixtoretom (genitive plural)
mrixtoretūi (dative singular)
mrixtoretobom (dative dual)
mrixtoretobos (dative plural)
mrixtoretei (locative singular)
mrixtoretū (instrumental singular)
mrixtoretobim (dual instrumental)
mrixtoretūis (instrumental plural)

Proto-Brythonic: *briθred

desc

Middle Welsh: brithred (“confusion, strife”)

Old Irish: mrechtrad (“variety”)

Middle Irish: brechtrad

From *mrixtos (“variegated”) + *-retom (abstract suffix).


-retom

-retom (nominative singular)
-retou (dual nominative)
-retā (nominative plural)
-retom (singular vocative)
-retou (dual vocative)
-retā (plural vocative)
-retom (accusative singular)
-retou (accusative dual)
-retā (accusative plural)
-retī (genitive singular)
-retous (dual genitive)
-retom (genitive plural)
-retūi (dative singular)
-retobom (dative dual)
-retobos (dative plural)
-retei (locative singular)
-retū (instrumental singular)
-retobim (dual instrumental)
-retūis (instrumental plural)
*-rātom (alternative)

Proto-Brythonic: *-red

Old Breton: -ret

Middle Welsh: -ret

Welsh: -red

desctree

Old Irish: -rad
Irish: -ra
Manx: -rey
Scottish Gaelic: -radh

From *reteti (“to run”) + *-om (action noun suffix).

af

Old Irish: indredMiddle Irish: inredIrish: ionradh


reidom

reidom (nominative singular)
reidou (dual nominative)
reidā (nominative plural)
reidom (singular vocative)
reidou (dual vocative)
reidā (plural vocative)
reidom (accusative singular)
reidou (accusative dual)
reidā (accusative plural)
reidī (genitive singular)
reidous (dual genitive)
reidom (genitive plural)
reidūi (dative singular)
reidobom (dative dual)
reidobos (dative plural)
reidei (locative singular)
reidū (instrumental singular)
reidobim (dual instrumental)
reidūis (instrumental plural)

Proto-Brythonic:

Welsh: -rwydd (abstract noun suffix)

desc

merged with <i class="Latn mention" lang="cel-pro">*-retom</i>

Old Irish: ríad (“ride”), -rad (collective noun suffix) (merged with *-retom)

Middle Irish: ríad

Gaulish: *rēdā

→ Latin: raeda

echradh

Middle Irish: echrad f (“yoked pair of steeds”); Classical Gaelic


ekʷoreid-

Middle Irish: echrad f (“yoked pair of steeds”)

Classical Gaelic: echradh

⇒ Gaulish: *eporēdiā

→ Latin: Eporēdia

Piedmontese: Ivrèja

→ French: Ivrée

→ Italian: Ivrea

⇒ Gaulish: *Eporēdorīx

→ Latin: Eporēdorīx

From *ekʷos (“horse”) + *reidom (“ride”).


doklos

doklos (nominative singular)
doklou (dual nominative)
dokloi (nominative plural)
dokle (singular vocative)
doklou (dual vocative)
dokloi (plural vocative)
doklom (accusative singular)
doklou (accusative dual)
doklons (accusative plural)
doklī (genitive singular)
doklous (dual genitive)
doklom (genitive plural)
doklūi (dative singular)
doklobom (dative dual)
doklobos (dative plural)
doklei (locative singular)
doklū (instrumental singular)
doklobim (dual instrumental)
doklūis (instrumental plural)

Middle Irish: dúal

Irish: dual

Scottish Gaelic: dual

Compare Proto-Germanic *taglą, Proto-Slavic *dolka and Sanskrit दशा (daśā), all from Proto-Indo-European *deḱ-.


-tamos

in e.g. <i class="Latn mention" lang="cel-gau">mediotama</i>

Gaulish: -tama (in e.g. mediotama)


adreteti

adretū (active first-person present singular)
adretemam (active first-person imperfect singular)
adrāta (active first-person preterite singular)
adretesi (active present second-person singular)
adretetās (active imperfect second-person singular)
adrātas? (active preterite second-person singular)
adreteti (active present singular third-person)
adreteto (active imperfect singular third-person)
adrāte (active preterite singular third-person)
adretomosi (active first-person plural present)
adretemo (active first-person imperfect plural)
adrātmo (active first-person plural preterite)
adretetesi (active plural present second-person)
adretestē (active imperfect plural second-person)
adrāsse (active plural preterite second-person)
adretonti (active plural present third-person)
adretento (active imperfect plural third-person)
adrātars (active plural preterite third-person)
adretsū (active first-person present singular subjunctive)
adretsesi (active present second-person singular subjunctive)
adrete (active imperative second-person singular)
adretseti (active present singular subjunctive third-person)
adretetou (active imperative singular third-person)
adretsomosi (active first-person plural present subjunctive)
adretomos (active first-person imperative plural)
adretsetesi (active plural present second-person subjunctive)
adretete (active imperative plural second-person)
adretsonti (active plural present subjunctive third-person)
adretontou (active imperative plural third-person)
adretūr (first-person passive present singular)
adrātra (first-person passive preterite singular)
adretetar (passive present second-person singular)
adrātras? (passive preterite second-person singular)
adretetor (passive present singular third-person)
adrātre (passive preterite singular third-person)
adretommor (first-person passive plural present)
adretedwe (passive plural present second-person)
adretontor (passive plural present third-person)
adretsūr (first-person passive present singular subjunctive)
adretsetar (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
adretsetor (passive present singular subjunctive third-person)
adretsommor (first-person passive plural present subjunctive)
adretsedwe (passive plural present second-person subjunctive)
adretsontor (passive plural present subjunctive third-person)
adretonts (nominative singular)
adretonte (dual nominative)
adretontes (nominative plural)
adretonts (singular vocative)
adretonte (dual vocative)
adretontes (plural vocative)
adretontam (accusative singular)
adretonte (accusative dual)
adretontans (accusative plural)
adretantos (genitive singular)
adretantom (genitive plural)
adretantei (dative singular)
adretantbom (dative dual)
adretantbos (dative plural)
adretantī? (instrumental singular)
adretantbim (dual instrumental)
adretantbis (instrumental plural)
adretantī (nominative singular)
adretantī (dual nominative)
adretantiyās (nominative plural)
adretantī (singular vocative)
adretantī (dual vocative)
adretantiyās (plural vocative)
adretantīm (accusative singular)
adretantī (accusative dual)
adretantiyans (accusative plural)
adretantyās (genitive singular)
adretantyom (genitive plural)
adretantyāi (dative singular)
adretantyābom (dative dual)
adretantyābos (dative plural)
adretantyābim (dual instrumental)
adretantyābis (instrumental plural)
adretont (nominative singular)
adretonta (nominative plural)
adretont (singular vocative)
adretonta (plural vocative)
adretont (accusative singular)
adretonta (accusative plural)
adressos (nominative singular)
adressou (dual nominative)
adressoi (nominative plural)
adresse (singular vocative)
adressou (dual vocative)
adressoi (plural vocative)
adressom (accusative singular)
adressou (accusative dual)
adressons (accusative plural)
adressī (genitive singular)
adressous (dual genitive)
adressom (genitive plural)
adressūi (dative singular)
adressobom (dative dual)
adressobos (dative plural)
adressū (instrumental singular)
adressobim (dual instrumental)
adressobis (instrumental plural)
adressā (nominative singular)
adressai (dual nominative)
adressās (nominative plural)
adressā (singular vocative)
adressai (dual vocative)
adressās (plural vocative)
adressam (accusative singular)
adressai (accusative dual)
adressans (accusative plural)
adressās (genitive singular)
adressai (dative singular)
adressābom (dative dual)
adressābos (dative plural)
adressābim (dual instrumental)
adressābis (instrumental plural)
adressom (nominative singular)
adressā (nominative plural)
adressom (singular vocative)
adressā (plural vocative)
adressā (accusative plural)

Proto-Brythonic:

Middle Welsh: eiryt, eiryd (3sg. pres.)

Old Irish: ad·reith

Gaulish:

→⇒ Latin: Adrettiō, Adretonius, Adretilis, Adreticia, Atressus, Atrestus

From *ad- (“towards”) + *reteti (“to run”).


rādīti

rādeyū (active first-person present singular)
rādīmam (active first-person imperfect singular)
rādīsi (active present second-person singular)
rādītās (active imperfect second-person singular)
rādīti (active present singular third-person)
rādīto (active imperfect singular third-person)
rādeyomosi (active first-person plural present)
rādīmo (active first-person imperfect plural)
rādītesi (active plural present second-person)
rādīstē (active imperfect plural second-person)
rādeyonti (active plural present third-person)
rādīnto (active imperfect plural third-person)
rādī (active imperative second-person singular)
rādītou (active imperative singular third-person)
rādeyomos (active first-person imperative plural)
rādīte (active imperative plural second-person)
rādeyontou (active imperative plural third-person)
rādeyūr (first-person passive present singular)
rādītar (passive present second-person singular)
rādītor (passive present singular third-person)
rādeyommor (first-person passive plural present)
rādīdwe (passive plural present second-person)
rādeyontor (passive plural present third-person)
rādeyonts (nominative singular)
rādeyonte (dual nominative)
rādeyontes (nominative plural)
rādeyonts (singular vocative)
rādeyonte (dual vocative)
rādeyontes (plural vocative)
rādeyontam (accusative singular)
rādeyonte (accusative dual)
rādeyontans (accusative plural)
rādeyantos (genitive singular)
rādeyantom (genitive plural)
rādeyantei (dative singular)
rādeyantbom (dative dual)
rādeyantbos (dative plural)
rādeyantī? (instrumental singular)
rādeyantbim (dual instrumental)
rādeyantbis (instrumental plural)
rādeyantī (nominative singular)
rādeyantī (dual nominative)
rādeyantiyās (nominative plural)
rādeyantī (singular vocative)
rādeyantī (dual vocative)
rādeyantiyās (plural vocative)
rādeyantīm (accusative singular)
rādeyantī (accusative dual)
rādeyantiyans (accusative plural)
rādeyantyās (genitive singular)
rādeyantyom (genitive plural)
rādeyantyāi (dative singular)
rādeyantyābom (dative dual)
rādeyantyābos (dative plural)
rādeyantyābim (dual instrumental)
rādeyantyābis (instrumental plural)
rādeyont (nominative singular)
rādeyonta (nominative plural)
rādeyont (singular vocative)
rādeyonta (plural vocative)
rādeyont (accusative singular)
rādeyonta (accusative plural)

Old Irish: ráidid

From Proto-Indo-European *Hreh₁dʰ- (“to arrange, accomplish”).


medwos

medwos (nominative singular)
medwou (dual nominative)
medwoi (nominative plural)
medwe (singular vocative)
medwou (dual vocative)
medwoi (plural vocative)
medwom (accusative singular)
medwou (accusative dual)
medwons (accusative plural)
medwī (genitive singular)
medwous (dual genitive)
medwom (genitive plural)
medwūi (dative singular)
medwobom (dative dual)
medwobos (dative plural)
medwū (instrumental singular)
medwobim (dual instrumental)
medwobis (instrumental plural)
medwā (nominative singular)
medwai (dual nominative)
medwās (nominative plural)
medwā (singular vocative)
medwai (dual vocative)
medwās (plural vocative)
medwam (accusative singular)
medwai (accusative dual)
medwans (accusative plural)
medwās (genitive singular)
medwai (dative singular)
medwābom (dative dual)
medwābos (dative plural)
medwābim (dual instrumental)
medwābis (instrumental plural)
medwom (nominative singular)
medwā (nominative plural)
medwom (singular vocative)
medwā (plural vocative)
medwā (accusative plural)

desc

Proto-Brythonic: *meðw (“drunk, intoxicated”)

Middle Breton: mezu

Breton: mezv, mezo

Cornish: medho, medhow

Middle Welsh: meðw

Welsh: meddw

Old Irish: medb (“intoxicating”), Medb

desctree

Middle Irish: Medb
Irish: Méabh, Meadhbh, Méadhbh (superseded), Méibh
→ English: Maeve

Middle Irish: medb (“intoxicating”)

Gaulish: *meduos (“drunk, intoxicated”)

According to McCone, originally from a vṛddhi derivative *mēdw- of *médʰu (“mead”). The short vowel would arise via some secondary process (McCone goes with shortening before -dw- as observed in *swādus > Sadb).


kontexstos

kontexstos (nominative singular)
kontexstou (dual nominative)
kontexstoi (nominative plural)
kontexste (singular vocative)
kontexstou (dual vocative)
kontexstoi (plural vocative)
kontexstom (accusative singular)
kontexstou (accusative dual)
kontexstons (accusative plural)
kontexstī (genitive singular)
kontexstous (dual genitive)
kontexstom (genitive plural)
kontexstūi (dative singular)
kontexstobom (dative dual)
kontexstobos (dative plural)
kontexstū (instrumental singular)
kontexstobim (dual instrumental)
kontexstobis (instrumental plural)
kontexstā (nominative singular)
kontexstai (dual nominative)
kontexstās (nominative plural)
kontexstā (singular vocative)
kontexstai (dual vocative)
kontexstās (plural vocative)
kontexstam (accusative singular)
kontexstai (accusative dual)
kontexstans (accusative plural)
kontexstās (genitive singular)
kontexstai (dative singular)
kontexstābom (dative dual)
kontexstābos (dative plural)
kontexstābim (dual instrumental)
kontexstābis (instrumental plural)
kontexstom (nominative singular)
kontexstā (nominative plural)
kontexstom (singular vocative)
kontexstā (plural vocative)
kontexstā (accusative plural)

Proto-Brythonic:

Middle Welsh: kynnes, kynnhes

Welsh: cynnes

Gaulish: *contessos

desc

→ Latin: Contessus, Contessa, Conteđđius, Contessilus, Conteđđilicia

The first element is *kom-, and the second element can be related to *texstus (“heat, warmth”).

warm (in both temperature and friendliness)


atiwiros

atiwiros (nominative singular)
atiwirou (dual nominative)
atiwiroi (nominative plural)
atiwire (singular vocative)
atiwirou (dual vocative)
atiwiroi (plural vocative)
atiwirom (accusative singular)
atiwirou (accusative dual)
atiwirons (accusative plural)
atiwirī (genitive singular)
atiwirous (dual genitive)
atiwirom (genitive plural)
atiwirūi (dative singular)
atiwirobom (dative dual)
atiwirobos (dative plural)
atiwirei (locative singular)
atiwirū (instrumental singular)
atiwirobim (dual instrumental)
atiwirūis (instrumental plural)

Proto-Brythonic: *adwur

Middle Welsh: adwr

Middle Irish: aithfer

From *ati- + *wiros (“man”), but the semantics of *ati- here are unclear (it means "re-" in every other context in Celtic, but McCone glosses it for this word as "ex-").


kʷelsos

kʷelsos (nominative singular)
kʷelsou (dual nominative)
kʷelsoi (nominative plural)
kʷelse (singular vocative)
kʷelsou (dual vocative)
kʷelsoi (plural vocative)
kʷelsom (accusative singular)
kʷelsou (accusative dual)
kʷelsons (accusative plural)
kʷelsī (genitive singular)
kʷelsous (dual genitive)
kʷelsom (genitive plural)
kʷelsūi (dative singular)
kʷelsobom (dative dual)
kʷelsobos (dative plural)
kʷelsū (instrumental singular)
kʷelsobim (dual instrumental)
kʷelsobis (instrumental plural)
kʷelsā (nominative singular)
kʷelsai (dual nominative)
kʷelsās (nominative plural)
kʷelsā (singular vocative)
kʷelsai (dual vocative)
kʷelsās (plural vocative)
kʷelsam (accusative singular)
kʷelsai (accusative dual)
kʷelsans (accusative plural)
kʷelsās (genitive singular)
kʷelsai (dative singular)
kʷelsābom (dative dual)
kʷelsābos (dative plural)
kʷelsābim (dual instrumental)
kʷelsābis (instrumental plural)
kʷelsom (nominative singular)
kʷelsā (nominative plural)
kʷelsom (singular vocative)
kʷelsā (plural vocative)
kʷelsā (accusative plural)

Proto-Brythonic: *pell

Old Breton: pell

Middle Breton: pell

Breton: pell

Middle Cornish: pell

Cornish: pell

Middle Welsh: pell

Welsh: pell

From Proto-Indo-European *kʷelsós (“turning”), from *kʷelh₁- (“to turn”).


treitullos

treitullos (nominative singular)
treitullou (dual nominative)
treitulloi (nominative plural)
treitulle (singular vocative)
treitullou (dual vocative)
treitulloi (plural vocative)
treitullom (accusative singular)
treitullou (accusative dual)
treitullons (accusative plural)
treitullī (genitive singular)
treitullous (dual genitive)
treitullom (genitive plural)
treitullūi (dative singular)
treitullobom (dative dual)
treitullobos (dative plural)
treitullū (instrumental singular)
treitullobim (dual instrumental)
treitullobis (instrumental plural)
treitullā (nominative singular)
treitullai (dual nominative)
treitullās (nominative plural)
treitullā (singular vocative)
treitullai (dual vocative)
treitullās (plural vocative)
treitullam (accusative singular)
treitullai (accusative dual)
treitullans (accusative plural)
treitullās (genitive singular)
treitullai (dative singular)
treitullābom (dative dual)
treitullābos (dative plural)
treitullābim (dual instrumental)
treitullābis (instrumental plural)
treitullom (nominative singular)
treitullā (nominative plural)
treitullom (singular vocative)
treitullā (plural vocative)
treitullā (accusative plural)

Proto-Brythonic: *truɨdull

Middle Welsh: trwydwll, trydwll

Welsh: trydwll

Middle Irish: tretholl

From *trei (“through”) + *tullos (“pierced, perforated”).


audom

desc

Proto-Brythonic: *hanọð (3rd-person masculine conjugation of *a, prefixed with *han- from *sani)

conjugated stem of <i class="Latn mention" lang="xbm">a</i>

Middle Breton: anez- (conjugated stem of a)

3rd-person conjugation stem of <i class="Latn mention" lang="br">a</i>

Breton: anez (“otherwise, without”), anezh- (3rd-person conjugation stem of a)

Middle Cornish: anotho (3rd-person singular masculine)

third-person stems of <i class="Latn mention" lang="kw">a</i>

Cornish: anodh-, anedh- (third-person stems of a)

Old Welsh: hanaud

3sg. m. forms of <i class="Latn mention" lang="wlm">o</i>

Middle Welsh: ohanaw, ohonaw (3sg. m. forms of o), -aw (3sg. masc. ending of conjugated prepositions)

3sg. masc. of <i class="Latn mention" lang="cy">o</i>

Welsh: ohono (3sg. masc. of o), -o (ending of 3sg. masc. conjugated prepositions)

Old Irish: úad

Irish: uaidh

Scottish Gaelic: bhuaithe, uaithe

Some derivative of *au (“from”); the -dom element may be compared with *andom and Ancient Greek ἔνδον (éndon).


andom

desctree

Old Irish: and
Middle Irish: ann
Irish: ann
Manx: ayn
Scottish Gaelic: ann

From Proto-Indo-European *h₁n̥dóm, cognate to Ancient Greek ἔνδον (éndon).


-sketi

skū (active first-person present singular)
skemam (active first-person imperfect singular)
skesi (active present second-person singular)
sketās (active imperfect second-person singular)
sketi (active present singular third-person)
sketo (active imperfect singular third-person)
skomosi (active first-person plural present)
skemo (active first-person imperfect plural)
sketesi (active plural present second-person)
skestē (active imperfect plural second-person)
skonti (active plural present third-person)
skento (active imperfect plural third-person)
ske (active imperative second-person singular)
sketou (active imperative singular third-person)
skomos (active first-person imperative plural)
skete (active imperative plural second-person)
skontou (active imperative plural third-person)
skūr (first-person passive present singular)
sketar (passive present second-person singular)
sketor (passive present singular third-person)
skommor (first-person passive plural present)
skedwe (passive plural present second-person)
skontor (passive plural present third-person)
skonts (nominative singular)
skonte (dual nominative)
skontes (nominative plural)
skonts (singular vocative)
skonte (dual vocative)
skontes (plural vocative)
skontam (accusative singular)
skonte (accusative dual)
skontans (accusative plural)
skantos (genitive singular)
skantom (genitive plural)
skantei (dative singular)
skantbom (dative dual)
skantbos (dative plural)
skantī? (instrumental singular)
skantbim (dual instrumental)
skantbis (instrumental plural)
skantī (nominative singular)
skantī (dual nominative)
skantiyās (nominative plural)
skantī (singular vocative)
skantī (dual vocative)
skantiyās (plural vocative)
skantīm (accusative singular)
skantī (accusative dual)
skantiyans (accusative plural)
skantyās (genitive singular)
skantyom (genitive plural)
skantyāi (dative singular)
skantyābom (dative dual)
skantyābos (dative plural)
skantyābim (dual instrumental)
skantyābis (instrumental plural)
skont (nominative singular)
skonta (nominative plural)
skont (singular vocative)
skonta (plural vocative)
skont (accusative singular)
skonta (accusative plural)

Inherited from Proto-Indo-European *-sḱéti, which also originally carried iterative function.

inh+

(no longer productive) Found in some verbs of inchoative meaning.


naukontes

naukontes (nominative singular)
naukontee (dual nominative)
naukontees (nominative plural)
naukontes (singular vocative)
naukontee (dual vocative)
naukontees (plural vocative)
naukonteam (accusative singular)
naukontee (accusative dual)
naukonteans (accusative plural)
naukonteos (genitive singular)
naukonteou (dual genitive)
naukonteom (genitive plural)
naukonteei (dative singular)
naukonteobom (dative dual)
naukonteobos (dative plural)
naukontei (locative singular)
naukontee? (instrumental singular)
naukonteobim (dual instrumental)
naukonteobis (instrumental plural)

desctree

Old Irish: nócha
Middle Irish: nócha
Irish: nócha


kubrāti

kubrāmi (active first-person present singular)
kubrāmam (active first-person imperfect singular)
kubrāsi (active present second-person singular)
kubrātās (active imperfect second-person singular)
kubrāti (active present singular third-person)
kubrāto (active imperfect singular third-person)
kubrāmosi (active first-person plural present)
kubrāmo (active first-person imperfect plural)
kubrātesi (active plural present second-person)
kubrāstē (active imperfect plural second-person)
kubrānti (active plural present third-person)
kubrānto (active imperfect plural third-person)
kubrā (active imperative second-person singular)
kubrātou (active imperative singular third-person)
kubrāmos (active first-person imperative plural)
kubrāte (active imperative plural second-person)
kubrāntou (active imperative plural third-person)
kubrār (first-person passive present singular)
kubrātar (passive present second-person singular)
kubrātor (passive present singular third-person)
kubrāmmor (first-person passive plural present)
kubrādwe (passive plural present second-person)
kubrāntor (passive plural present third-person)
kubrants (nominative singular)
kubrante (dual nominative)
kubrantes (nominative plural)
kubrants (singular vocative)
kubrante (dual vocative)
kubrantes (plural vocative)
kubrantam (accusative singular)
kubrante (accusative dual)
kubrantans (accusative plural)
kubrantos (genitive singular)
kubrantom (genitive plural)
kubrantei (dative singular)
kubrantbom (dative dual)
kubrantbos (dative plural)
kubrantī? (instrumental singular)
kubrantbim (dual instrumental)
kubrantbis (instrumental plural)
kubrantī (nominative singular)
kubrantī (dual nominative)
kubrantiyās (nominative plural)
kubrantī (singular vocative)
kubrantī (dual vocative)
kubrantiyās (plural vocative)
kubrantīm (accusative singular)
kubrantī (accusative dual)
kubrantiyans (accusative plural)
kubrantyās (genitive singular)
kubrantyom (genitive plural)
kubrantyāi (dative singular)
kubrantyābom (dative dual)
kubrantyābos (dative plural)
kubrantyābim (dual instrumental)
kubrantyābis (instrumental plural)
kubrant (nominative singular)
kubranta (nominative plural)
kubrant (singular vocative)
kubranta (plural vocative)
kubrant (accusative singular)
kubranta (accusative plural)
kubrātos (nominative singular)
kubrātou (dual nominative)
kubrātoi (nominative plural)
kubrāte (singular vocative)
kubrātou (dual vocative)
kubrātoi (plural vocative)
kubrātom (accusative singular)
kubrātou (accusative dual)
kubrātons (accusative plural)
kubrātī (genitive singular)
kubrātous (dual genitive)
kubrātom (genitive plural)
kubrātūi (dative singular)
kubrātobom (dative dual)
kubrātobos (dative plural)
kubrātū (instrumental singular)
kubrātobim (dual instrumental)
kubrātobis (instrumental plural)
kubrātā (nominative singular)
kubrātai (dual nominative)
kubrātās (nominative plural)
kubrātā (singular vocative)
kubrātai (dual vocative)
kubrātās (plural vocative)
kubrātam (accusative singular)
kubrātai (accusative dual)
kubrātans (accusative plural)
kubrātās (genitive singular)
kubrātai (dative singular)
kubrātābom (dative dual)
kubrātābos (dative plural)
kubrātābim (dual instrumental)
kubrātābis (instrumental plural)
kubrātom (nominative singular)
kubrātā (nominative plural)
kubrātom (singular vocative)
kubrātā (plural vocative)
kubrātā (accusative plural)

⇒ Old Irish: ad·cobra

Gaulish: *cobrandī (pres. part. f.)

desc

→ Latin: Cobrandiae (gen. sg.; epithet of a goddess)

Celtiberian: couratom (past part.)

From *kubros (“desiring”) + *-āti (deadjectival verb suffix).


nāros

nāros (nominative singular)
nārou (dual nominative)
nāroi (nominative plural)
nāre (singular vocative)
nārou (dual vocative)
nāroi (plural vocative)
nārom (accusative singular)
nārou (accusative dual)
nārons (accusative plural)
nārī (genitive singular)
nārous (dual genitive)
nārom (genitive plural)
nārūi (dative singular)
nārobom (dative dual)
nārobos (dative plural)
nārū (instrumental singular)
nārobim (dual instrumental)
nārobis (instrumental plural)
nārā (nominative singular)
nārai (dual nominative)
nārās (nominative plural)
nārā (singular vocative)
nārai (dual vocative)
nārās (plural vocative)
nāram (accusative singular)
nārai (accusative dual)
nārans (accusative plural)
nārās (genitive singular)
nārai (dative singular)
nārābom (dative dual)
nārābos (dative plural)
nārābim (dual instrumental)
nārābis (instrumental plural)
nārom (nominative singular)
nārā (nominative plural)
nārom (singular vocative)
nārā (plural vocative)
nārā (accusative plural)

desc

Old Irish: nár (appears in Félire Oengusso)

Middle Irish: nár

Irish: náir

⇒ Celtiberian: Narioq (surname; gen. pl.) (abbreviated; Prósper restores *Narioqum)


gʷrensos

Welsh: gwres


Toranos

Toranos (nominative singular)
Toranom (accusative singular)

Gaulish: *taranus, Taranis

a Celtic god associated with thunder, strikingly similar to the Germanic *Þunraz.