dīwiketi

dīwikū (active first-person present singular)
dīwikemam (active first-person imperfect singular)
dīwiwixsū (active first-person future singular)
dīwiwoika (active first-person preterite singular)
dīwikesi (active present second-person singular)
dīwiketās (active imperfect second-person singular)
dīwiwixsesi (active future second-person singular)
dīwiwoikas? (active preterite second-person singular)
dīwiketi (active present singular third-person)
dīwiketo (active imperfect singular third-person)
dīwiwixseti (active future singular third-person)
dīwiwoike (active preterite singular third-person)
dīwikomosi (active first-person plural present)
dīwikemo (active first-person imperfect plural)
dīwiwixsomosi (active first-person future plural)
dīwiwoikmo (active first-person plural preterite)
dīwiketesi (active plural present second-person)
dīwikestē (active imperfect plural second-person)
dīwiwixsetesi (active future plural second-person)
dīwiwoixte (active plural preterite second-person)
dīwikonti (active plural present third-person)
dīwikento (active imperfect plural third-person)
dīwiwixsonti (active future plural third-person)
dīwiwoikars (active plural preterite third-person)
dīweixsū (active first-person present singular subjunctive)
dīweixsesi (active present second-person singular subjunctive)
dīwike (active imperative second-person singular)
dīweixseti (active present singular subjunctive third-person)
dīwiketou (active imperative singular third-person)
dīweixsomosi (active first-person plural present subjunctive)
dīwikomos (active first-person imperative plural)
dīweixsetesi (active plural present second-person subjunctive)
dīwikete (active imperative plural second-person)
dīweixsonti (active plural present subjunctive third-person)
dīwikontou (active imperative plural third-person)
dīwikūr (first-person passive present singular)
dīwiwixsūr (first-person future passive singular)
dīwiwoikra (first-person passive preterite singular)
dīwiketar (passive present second-person singular)
dīwiwixsetar (future passive second-person singular)
dīwiwoikras? (passive preterite second-person singular)
dīwiketor (passive present singular third-person)
dīwiwixsetor (future passive singular third-person)
dīwiwoikre (passive preterite singular third-person)
dīwikommor (first-person passive plural present)
dīwiwixsommor (first-person future passive plural)
dīwikedwe (passive plural present second-person)
dīwiwixsedwe (future passive plural second-person)
dīwikontor (passive plural present third-person)
dīwiwixsontor (future passive plural third-person)
dīweixsūr (first-person passive present singular subjunctive)
dīweixsetar (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
dīweixsetor (passive present singular subjunctive third-person)
dīweixsommor (first-person passive plural present subjunctive)
dīweixsedwe (passive plural present second-person subjunctive)
dīweixsontor (passive plural present subjunctive third-person)
dīwikonts (nominative singular)
dīwikonte (dual nominative)
dīwikontes (nominative plural)
dīwikonts (singular vocative)
dīwikonte (dual vocative)
dīwikontes (plural vocative)
dīwikontam (accusative singular)
dīwikonte (accusative dual)
dīwikontans (accusative plural)
dīwikantos (genitive singular)
dīwikantom (genitive plural)
dīwikantei (dative singular)
dīwikantbom (dative dual)
dīwikantbos (dative plural)
dīwikantī? (instrumental singular)
dīwikantbim (dual instrumental)
dīwikantbis (instrumental plural)
dīwikantī (nominative singular)
dīwikantī (dual nominative)
dīwikantiyās (nominative plural)
dīwikantī (singular vocative)
dīwikantī (dual vocative)
dīwikantiyās (plural vocative)
dīwikantīm (accusative singular)
dīwikantī (accusative dual)
dīwikantiyans (accusative plural)
dīwikantyās (genitive singular)
dīwikantyom (genitive plural)
dīwikantyāi (dative singular)
dīwikantyābom (dative dual)
dīwikantyābos (dative plural)
dīwikantyābim (dual instrumental)
dīwikantyābis (instrumental plural)
dīwikont (nominative singular)
dīwikonta (nominative plural)
dīwikont (singular vocative)
dīwikonta (plural vocative)
dīwikont (accusative singular)
dīwikonta (accusative plural)
dīwixtos (nominative singular)
dīwixtou (dual nominative)
dīwixtoi (nominative plural)
dīwixte (singular vocative)
dīwixtou (dual vocative)
dīwixtoi (plural vocative)
dīwixtom (accusative singular)
dīwixtou (accusative dual)
dīwixtons (accusative plural)
dīwixtī (genitive singular)
dīwixtous (dual genitive)
dīwixtom (genitive plural)
dīwixtūi (dative singular)
dīwixtobom (dative dual)
dīwixtobos (dative plural)
dīwixtū (instrumental singular)
dīwixtobim (dual instrumental)
dīwixtobis (instrumental plural)
dīwixtā (nominative singular)
dīwixtai (dual nominative)
dīwixtās (nominative plural)
dīwixtā (singular vocative)
dīwixtai (dual vocative)
dīwixtās (plural vocative)
dīwixtam (accusative singular)
dīwixtai (accusative dual)
dīwixtans (accusative plural)
dīwixtās (genitive singular)
dīwixtai (dative singular)
dīwixtābom (dative dual)
dīwixtābos (dative plural)
dīwixtābim (dual instrumental)
dīwixtābis (instrumental plural)
dīwixtom (nominative singular)
dīwixtā (nominative plural)
dīwixtom (singular vocative)
dīwixtā (plural vocative)
dīwixtā (accusative plural)

Proto-Brythonic: *diwug

desc

Middle Welsh: diwin, difwyn (“to amend, make amends”)

Welsh: diwygio

Old Irish: do·fich

Gaulish: *dīuic-

Δειουικιιακος

⇒ Gaulish: Δειουικιιακος (Deiouikiiakos)

→ Latin: Dīviciācus

→⇒ Latin: Dīvica, Dīvicō, Dīvicius, Dīvicta, Dīvixtus, Dīvixtius, Dīvixtiānus, Dīvixtilla, Dīvixtullus, Dīvicatus, Dīviciānus, Toutodīvix

From *dī- (“off”) + *wiketi (“to fight”).


skoltīti

skolteyū (active first-person present singular)
skoltīmam (active first-person imperfect singular)
skoltīsi (active present second-person singular)
skoltītās (active imperfect second-person singular)
skoltīti (active present singular third-person)
skoltīto (active imperfect singular third-person)
skolteyomosi (active first-person plural present)
skoltīmo (active first-person imperfect plural)
skoltītesi (active plural present second-person)
skoltīstē (active imperfect plural second-person)
skolteyonti (active plural present third-person)
skoltīnto (active imperfect plural third-person)
skoltī (active imperative second-person singular)
skoltītou (active imperative singular third-person)
skolteyomos (active first-person imperative plural)
skoltīte (active imperative plural second-person)
skolteyontou (active imperative plural third-person)
skolteyūr (first-person passive present singular)
skoltītar (passive present second-person singular)
skoltītor (passive present singular third-person)
skolteyommor (first-person passive plural present)
skoltīdwe (passive plural present second-person)
skolteyontor (passive plural present third-person)
skolteyonts (nominative singular)
skolteyonte (dual nominative)
skolteyontes (nominative plural)
skolteyonts (singular vocative)
skolteyonte (dual vocative)
skolteyontes (plural vocative)
skolteyontam (accusative singular)
skolteyonte (accusative dual)
skolteyontans (accusative plural)
skolteyantos (genitive singular)
skolteyantom (genitive plural)
skolteyantei (dative singular)
skolteyantbom (dative dual)
skolteyantbos (dative plural)
skolteyantī? (instrumental singular)
skolteyantbim (dual instrumental)
skolteyantbis (instrumental plural)
skolteyantī (nominative singular)
skolteyantī (dual nominative)
skolteyantiyās (nominative plural)
skolteyantī (singular vocative)
skolteyantī (dual vocative)
skolteyantiyās (plural vocative)
skolteyantīm (accusative singular)
skolteyantī (accusative dual)
skolteyantiyans (accusative plural)
skolteyantyās (genitive singular)
skolteyantyom (genitive plural)
skolteyantyāi (dative singular)
skolteyantyābom (dative dual)
skolteyantyābos (dative plural)
skolteyantyābim (dual instrumental)
skolteyantyābis (instrumental plural)
skolteyont (nominative singular)
skolteyonta (nominative plural)
skolteyont (singular vocative)
skolteyonta (plural vocative)
skolteyont (accusative singular)
skolteyonta (accusative plural)

Proto-Brythonic: *hwülltid

Middle Welsh: holli, hollti

Welsh: holli

Old Irish: scoltaid

Middle Irish: scoiltid

Irish: scoilt

Manx: scolt

Scottish Gaelic: sgoilt

A derivative of *skoltā (“split, fissure”).


snādīti

snādeyū (active first-person present singular)
snādīmam (active first-person imperfect singular)
snādīsi (active present second-person singular)
snādītās (active imperfect second-person singular)
snādīti (active present singular third-person)
snādīto (active imperfect singular third-person)
snādeyomosi (active first-person plural present)
snādīmo (active first-person imperfect plural)
snādītesi (active plural present second-person)
snādīstē (active imperfect plural second-person)
snādeyonti (active plural present third-person)
snādīnto (active imperfect plural third-person)
snādī (active imperative second-person singular)
snādītou (active imperative singular third-person)
snādeyomos (active first-person imperative plural)
snādīte (active imperative plural second-person)
snādeyontou (active imperative plural third-person)
snādeyūr (first-person passive present singular)
snādītar (passive present second-person singular)
snādītor (passive present singular third-person)
snādeyommor (first-person passive plural present)
snādīdwe (passive plural present second-person)
snādeyontor (passive plural present third-person)
snādeyonts (nominative singular)
snādeyonte (dual nominative)
snādeyontes (nominative plural)
snādeyonts (singular vocative)
snādeyonte (dual vocative)
snādeyontes (plural vocative)
snādeyontam (accusative singular)
snādeyonte (accusative dual)
snādeyontans (accusative plural)
snādeyantos (genitive singular)
snādeyantom (genitive plural)
snādeyantei (dative singular)
snādeyantbom (dative dual)
snādeyantbos (dative plural)
snādeyantī? (instrumental singular)
snādeyantbim (dual instrumental)
snādeyantbis (instrumental plural)
snādeyantī (nominative singular)
snādeyantī (dual nominative)
snādeyantiyās (nominative plural)
snādeyantī (singular vocative)
snādeyantī (dual vocative)
snādeyantiyās (plural vocative)
snādeyantīm (accusative singular)
snādeyantī (accusative dual)
snādeyantiyans (accusative plural)
snādeyantyās (genitive singular)
snādeyantyom (genitive plural)
snādeyantyāi (dative singular)
snādeyantyābom (dative dual)
snādeyantyābos (dative plural)
snādeyantyābim (dual instrumental)
snādeyantyābis (instrumental plural)
snādeyont (nominative singular)
snādeyonta (nominative plural)
snādeyont (singular vocative)
snādeyonta (plural vocative)
snādeyont (accusative singular)
snādeyonta (accusative plural)

Proto-Brythonic: *nọðid

Middle Welsh: noði

Welsh: noddi, noddio

Old Irish: snádid

Of unknown origin; Fowkes followed by LÉIA and Matasović speculate on a connection to Sanskrit नाथ (nātha, “help”) via a putative root *(s)neh₂-, but that requires abandoning the usual derivation of that word from *h₃neh₂-.


wolkīti

wolkeyū (active first-person present singular)
wolkīmam (active first-person imperfect singular)
wolkīsi (active present second-person singular)
wolkītās (active imperfect second-person singular)
wolkīti (active present singular third-person)
wolkīto (active imperfect singular third-person)
wolkeyomosi (active first-person plural present)
wolkīmo (active first-person imperfect plural)
wolkītesi (active plural present second-person)
wolkīstē (active imperfect plural second-person)
wolkeyonti (active plural present third-person)
wolkīnto (active imperfect plural third-person)
wolkī (active imperative second-person singular)
wolkītou (active imperative singular third-person)
wolkeyomos (active first-person imperative plural)
wolkīte (active imperative plural second-person)
wolkeyontou (active imperative plural third-person)
wolkeyūr (first-person passive present singular)
wolkītar (passive present second-person singular)
wolkītor (passive present singular third-person)
wolkeyommor (first-person passive plural present)
wolkīdwe (passive plural present second-person)
wolkeyontor (passive plural present third-person)
wolkeyonts (nominative singular)
wolkeyonte (dual nominative)
wolkeyontes (nominative plural)
wolkeyonts (singular vocative)
wolkeyonte (dual vocative)
wolkeyontes (plural vocative)
wolkeyontam (accusative singular)
wolkeyonte (accusative dual)
wolkeyontans (accusative plural)
wolkeyantos (genitive singular)
wolkeyantom (genitive plural)
wolkeyantei (dative singular)
wolkeyantbom (dative dual)
wolkeyantbos (dative plural)
wolkeyantī? (instrumental singular)
wolkeyantbim (dual instrumental)
wolkeyantbis (instrumental plural)
wolkeyantī (nominative singular)
wolkeyantī (dual nominative)
wolkeyantiyās (nominative plural)
wolkeyantī (singular vocative)
wolkeyantī (dual vocative)
wolkeyantiyās (plural vocative)
wolkeyantīm (accusative singular)
wolkeyantī (accusative dual)
wolkeyantiyans (accusative plural)
wolkeyantyās (genitive singular)
wolkeyantyom (genitive plural)
wolkeyantyāi (dative singular)
wolkeyantyābom (dative dual)
wolkeyantyābos (dative plural)
wolkeyantyābim (dual instrumental)
wolkeyantyābis (instrumental plural)
wolkeyont (nominative singular)
wolkeyonta (nominative plural)
wolkeyont (singular vocative)
wolkeyonta (plural vocative)
wolkeyont (accusative singular)
wolkeyonta (accusative plural)
wolketos (nominative singular)
wolketou (dual nominative)
wolketoi (nominative plural)
wolkete (singular vocative)
wolketou (dual vocative)
wolketoi (plural vocative)
wolketom (accusative singular)
wolketou (accusative dual)
wolketons (accusative plural)
wolketī (genitive singular)
wolketous (dual genitive)
wolketom (genitive plural)
wolketūi (dative singular)
wolketobom (dative dual)
wolketobos (dative plural)
wolketū (instrumental singular)
wolketobim (dual instrumental)
wolketobis (instrumental plural)
wolketā (nominative singular)
wolketai (dual nominative)
wolketās (nominative plural)
wolketā (singular vocative)
wolketai (dual vocative)
wolketās (plural vocative)
wolketam (accusative singular)
wolketai (accusative dual)
wolketans (accusative plural)
wolketās (genitive singular)
wolketai (dative singular)
wolketābom (dative dual)
wolketābos (dative plural)
wolketābim (dual instrumental)
wolketābis (instrumental plural)
wolketom (nominative singular)
wolketā (nominative plural)
wolketom (singular vocative)
wolketā (plural vocative)
wolketā (accusative plural)

Proto-Brythonic: *gwölxid

Middle Breton: guelchiff

Breton: gwalc'hiñ

Cornish: (various spellings) golhi, golhy, golghi

Middle Welsh: golchi

Welsh: golchi

Old Irish: folcaid

Middle Irish: foilcid

Irish: folc (verb)

Scottish Gaelic: failc (“to bathe”)

From Proto-Indo-European *wolkéyeti, an o-grade causative *-éyeti formation from a root Proto-Indo-European *welk-, a variant of *welg- (“wet”). See *wolkos (“rain, shower”) for further explanation.


kʷetyeti

kʷetyū (active first-person present singular)
kʷetyemam (active first-person imperfect singular)
kʷixtsū (active first-person future singular)
kʷāta (active first-person preterite singular)
kʷetyesi (active present second-person singular)
kʷetyetās (active imperfect second-person singular)
kʷixtsesi (active future second-person singular)
kʷātas? (active preterite second-person singular)
kʷetyeti (active present singular third-person)
kʷetyeto (active imperfect singular third-person)
kʷixtseti (active future singular third-person)
kʷāte (active preterite singular third-person)
kʷetyomosi (active first-person plural present)
kʷetyemo (active first-person imperfect plural)
kʷixtsomosi (active first-person future plural)
kʷātmo (active first-person plural preterite)
kʷetyetesi (active plural present second-person)
kʷetyestē (active imperfect plural second-person)
kʷixtsetesi (active future plural second-person)
kʷāsse (active plural preterite second-person)
kʷetyonti (active plural present third-person)
kʷetyento (active imperfect plural third-person)
kʷixtsonti (active future plural third-person)
kʷātars (active plural preterite third-person)
kʷetsū (active first-person present singular subjunctive)
kʷetsesi (active present second-person singular subjunctive)
kʷetye (active imperative second-person singular)
kʷetseti (active present singular subjunctive third-person)
kʷetyetou (active imperative singular third-person)
kʷetsomosi (active first-person plural present subjunctive)
kʷetyomos (active first-person imperative plural)
kʷetsetesi (active plural present second-person subjunctive)
kʷetyete (active imperative plural second-person)
kʷetsonti (active plural present subjunctive third-person)
kʷetyontou (active imperative plural third-person)
kʷetyūr (first-person passive present singular)
kʷixtsūr (first-person future passive singular)
kʷātra (first-person passive preterite singular)
kʷetyetar (passive present second-person singular)
kʷixtsetar (future passive second-person singular)
kʷātras? (passive preterite second-person singular)
kʷetyetor (passive present singular third-person)
kʷixtsetor (future passive singular third-person)
kʷātre (passive preterite singular third-person)
kʷetyommor (first-person passive plural present)
kʷixtsommor (first-person future passive plural)
kʷetyedwe (passive plural present second-person)
kʷixtsedwe (future passive plural second-person)
kʷetyontor (passive plural present third-person)
kʷixtsontor (future passive plural third-person)
kʷetsūr (first-person passive present singular subjunctive)
kʷetsetar (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
kʷetsetor (passive present singular subjunctive third-person)
kʷetsommor (first-person passive plural present subjunctive)
kʷetsedwe (passive plural present second-person subjunctive)
kʷetsontor (passive plural present subjunctive third-person)
kʷetyonts (nominative singular)
kʷetyonte (dual nominative)
kʷetyontes (nominative plural)
kʷetyonts (singular vocative)
kʷetyonte (dual vocative)
kʷetyontes (plural vocative)
kʷetyontam (accusative singular)
kʷetyonte (accusative dual)
kʷetyontans (accusative plural)
kʷetyantos (genitive singular)
kʷetyantom (genitive plural)
kʷetyantei (dative singular)
kʷetyantbom (dative dual)
kʷetyantbos (dative plural)
kʷetyantī? (instrumental singular)
kʷetyantbim (dual instrumental)
kʷetyantbis (instrumental plural)
kʷetyantī (nominative singular)
kʷetyantī (dual nominative)
kʷetyantiyās (nominative plural)
kʷetyantī (singular vocative)
kʷetyantī (dual vocative)
kʷetyantiyās (plural vocative)
kʷetyantīm (accusative singular)
kʷetyantī (accusative dual)
kʷetyantiyans (accusative plural)
kʷetyantyās (genitive singular)
kʷetyantyom (genitive plural)
kʷetyantyāi (dative singular)
kʷetyantyābom (dative dual)
kʷetyantyābos (dative plural)
kʷetyantyābim (dual instrumental)
kʷetyantyābis (instrumental plural)
kʷetyont (nominative singular)
kʷetyonta (nominative plural)
kʷetyont (singular vocative)
kʷetyonta (plural vocative)
kʷetyont (accusative singular)
kʷetyonta (accusative plural)
kʷessos (nominative singular)
kʷessou (dual nominative)
kʷessoi (nominative plural)
kʷesse (singular vocative)
kʷessou (dual vocative)
kʷessoi (plural vocative)
kʷessom (accusative singular)
kʷessou (accusative dual)
kʷessons (accusative plural)
kʷessī (genitive singular)
kʷessous (dual genitive)
kʷessom (genitive plural)
kʷessūi (dative singular)
kʷessobom (dative dual)
kʷessobos (dative plural)
kʷessū (instrumental singular)
kʷessobim (dual instrumental)
kʷessobis (instrumental plural)
kʷessā (nominative singular)
kʷessai (dual nominative)
kʷessās (nominative plural)
kʷessā (singular vocative)
kʷessai (dual vocative)
kʷessās (plural vocative)
kʷessam (accusative singular)
kʷessai (accusative dual)
kʷessans (accusative plural)
kʷessās (genitive singular)
kʷessai (dative singular)
kʷessābom (dative dual)
kʷessābos (dative plural)
kʷessābim (dual instrumental)
kʷessābis (instrumental plural)
kʷessom (nominative singular)
kʷessā (nominative plural)
kʷessom (singular vocative)
kʷessā (plural vocative)
kʷessā (accusative plural)

Gaulish: petidsiont (3pl. fut.), peti (2sg. imp.)

Matasović finds connecting these Celtic terms to an Indo-European root to be very difficult. Ancient Greek πάσχω (páskhō, “to undergo”) and Lithuanian pakentė́ti have been compared, but suffer from major phonetic incompatibilities.


sonīti

soneyū (active first-person present singular)
sonīmam (active first-person imperfect singular)
sonīsi (active present second-person singular)
sonītās (active imperfect second-person singular)
sonīti (active present singular third-person)
sonīto (active imperfect singular third-person)
soneyomosi (active first-person plural present)
sonīmo (active first-person imperfect plural)
sonītesi (active plural present second-person)
sonīstē (active imperfect plural second-person)
soneyonti (active plural present third-person)
sonīnto (active imperfect plural third-person)
sonī (active imperative second-person singular)
sonītou (active imperative singular third-person)
soneyomos (active first-person imperative plural)
sonīte (active imperative plural second-person)
soneyontou (active imperative plural third-person)
soneyūr (first-person passive present singular)
sonītar (passive present second-person singular)
sonītor (passive present singular third-person)
soneyommor (first-person passive plural present)
sonīdwe (passive plural present second-person)
soneyontor (passive plural present third-person)
soneyonts (nominative singular)
soneyonte (dual nominative)
soneyontes (nominative plural)
soneyonts (singular vocative)
soneyonte (dual vocative)
soneyontes (plural vocative)
soneyontam (accusative singular)
soneyonte (accusative dual)
soneyontans (accusative plural)
soneyantos (genitive singular)
soneyantom (genitive plural)
soneyantei (dative singular)
soneyantbom (dative dual)
soneyantbos (dative plural)
soneyantī? (instrumental singular)
soneyantbim (dual instrumental)
soneyantbis (instrumental plural)
soneyantī (nominative singular)
soneyantī (dual nominative)
soneyantiyās (nominative plural)
soneyantī (singular vocative)
soneyantī (dual vocative)
soneyantiyās (plural vocative)
soneyantīm (accusative singular)
soneyantī (accusative dual)
soneyantiyans (accusative plural)
soneyantyās (genitive singular)
soneyantyom (genitive plural)
soneyantyāi (dative singular)
soneyantyābom (dative dual)
soneyantyābos (dative plural)
soneyantyābim (dual instrumental)
soneyantyābis (instrumental plural)
soneyont (nominative singular)
soneyonta (nominative plural)
soneyont (singular vocative)
soneyonta (plural vocative)
soneyont (accusative singular)
soneyonta (accusative plural)
sonetos (nominative singular)
sonetou (dual nominative)
sonetoi (nominative plural)
sonete (singular vocative)
sonetou (dual vocative)
sonetoi (plural vocative)
sonetom (accusative singular)
sonetou (accusative dual)
sonetons (accusative plural)
sonetī (genitive singular)
sonetous (dual genitive)
sonetom (genitive plural)
sonetūi (dative singular)
sonetobom (dative dual)
sonetobos (dative plural)
sonetū (instrumental singular)
sonetobim (dual instrumental)
sonetobis (instrumental plural)
sonetā (nominative singular)
sonetai (dual nominative)
sonetās (nominative plural)
sonetā (singular vocative)
sonetai (dual vocative)
sonetās (plural vocative)
sonetam (accusative singular)
sonetai (accusative dual)
sonetans (accusative plural)
sonetās (genitive singular)
sonetai (dative singular)
sonetābom (dative dual)
sonetābos (dative plural)
sonetābim (dual instrumental)
sonetābis (instrumental plural)
sonetom (nominative singular)
sonetā (nominative plural)
sonetom (singular vocative)
sonetā (plural vocative)
sonetā (accusative plural)

Gaulish: soniti

>? Celtiberian: uerzoniti

O-grade causative formation from Proto-Indo-European *senh₂- (“to reach, attain”).


krideti

kridū (active first-person present singular)
kridemam (active first-person imperfect singular)
kikritsū (active first-person future singular)
karda (active first-person preterite singular)
kridesi (active present second-person singular)
kridetās (active imperfect second-person singular)
kikritsesi (active future second-person singular)
kardas? (active preterite second-person singular)
krideti (active present singular third-person)
krideto (active imperfect singular third-person)
kikritseti (active future singular third-person)
karde (active preterite singular third-person)
kridomosi (active first-person plural present)
kridemo (active first-person imperfect plural)
kikritsomosi (active first-person future plural)
kardmo (active first-person plural preterite)
kridetesi (active plural present second-person)
kridestē (active imperfect plural second-person)
kikritsetesi (active future plural second-person)
karsse (active plural preterite second-person)
kridonti (active plural present third-person)
kridento (active imperfect plural third-person)
kikritsonti (active future plural third-person)
kardars (active plural preterite third-person)
kertsū (active first-person present singular subjunctive)
kertsesi (active present second-person singular subjunctive)
kride (active imperative second-person singular)
kertseti (active present singular subjunctive third-person)
kridetou (active imperative singular third-person)
kertsomosi (active first-person plural present subjunctive)
kridomos (active first-person imperative plural)
kertsetesi (active plural present second-person subjunctive)
kridete (active imperative plural second-person)
kertsonti (active plural present subjunctive third-person)
kridontou (active imperative plural third-person)
kridūr (first-person passive present singular)
kikritsūr (first-person future passive singular)
kardra (first-person passive preterite singular)
kridetar (passive present second-person singular)
kikritsetar (future passive second-person singular)
kardras? (passive preterite second-person singular)
kridetor (passive present singular third-person)
kikritsetor (future passive singular third-person)
kardre (passive preterite singular third-person)
kridommor (first-person passive plural present)
kikritsommor (first-person future passive plural)
kridedwe (passive plural present second-person)
kikritsedwe (future passive plural second-person)
kridontor (passive plural present third-person)
kikritsontor (future passive plural third-person)
kertsūr (first-person passive present singular subjunctive)
kertsetar (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
kertsetor (passive present singular subjunctive third-person)
kertsommor (first-person passive plural present subjunctive)
kertsedwe (passive plural present second-person subjunctive)
kertsontor (passive plural present subjunctive third-person)
kridonts (nominative singular)
kridonte (dual nominative)
kridontes (nominative plural)
kridonts (singular vocative)
kridonte (dual vocative)
kridontes (plural vocative)
kridontam (accusative singular)
kridonte (accusative dual)
kridontans (accusative plural)
kridantos (genitive singular)
kridantom (genitive plural)
kridantei (dative singular)
kridantbom (dative dual)
kridantbos (dative plural)
kridantī? (instrumental singular)
kridantbim (dual instrumental)
kridantbis (instrumental plural)
kridantī (nominative singular)
kridantī (dual nominative)
kridantiyās (nominative plural)
kridantī (singular vocative)
kridantī (dual vocative)
kridantiyās (plural vocative)
kridantīm (accusative singular)
kridantī (accusative dual)
kridantiyans (accusative plural)
kridantyās (genitive singular)
kridantyom (genitive plural)
kridantyāi (dative singular)
kridantyābom (dative dual)
kridantyābos (dative plural)
kridantyābim (dual instrumental)
kridantyābis (instrumental plural)
kridont (nominative singular)
kridonta (nominative plural)
kridont (singular vocative)
kridonta (plural vocative)
kridont (accusative singular)
kridonta (accusative plural)
krissos (nominative singular)
krissou (dual nominative)
krissoi (nominative plural)
krisse (singular vocative)
krissou (dual vocative)
krissoi (plural vocative)
krissom (accusative singular)
krissou (accusative dual)
krissons (accusative plural)
krissī (genitive singular)
krissous (dual genitive)
krissom (genitive plural)
krissūi (dative singular)
krissobom (dative dual)
krissobos (dative plural)
krissū (instrumental singular)
krissobim (dual instrumental)
krissobis (instrumental plural)
krissā (nominative singular)
krissai (dual nominative)
krissās (nominative plural)
krissā (singular vocative)
krissai (dual vocative)
krissās (plural vocative)
krissam (accusative singular)
krissai (accusative dual)
krissans (accusative plural)
krissās (genitive singular)
krissai (dative singular)
krissābom (dative dual)
krissābos (dative plural)
krissābim (dual instrumental)
krissābis (instrumental plural)
krissom (nominative singular)
krissā (nominative plural)
krissom (singular vocative)
krissā (plural vocative)
krissā (accusative plural)

Proto-Brythonic:

Middle Breton: crez (“stingy”)

Breton: krez

Middle Welsh: cryðu

desc

from derivative <i class="Latn mention" lang="cel-pro">*krid-w-o/ā-</i>

Middle Irish: cres (“narrow”) (from past participle), ⇒ credba, credbaid (from derivative *krid-w-o/ā-)

Usually compared to Sanskrit कृधु (kṛdhu, “shortened”); the root may be an extension of Proto-Indo-European *(s)ker- (“to cut”).


windeti

windū (active first-person present singular)
windemam (active first-person imperfect singular)
wida (active first-person preterite singular)
windesi (active present second-person singular)
windetās (active imperfect second-person singular)
widas? (active preterite second-person singular)
windeti (active present singular third-person)
windeto (active imperfect singular third-person)
wide (active preterite singular third-person)
windomosi (active first-person plural present)
windemo (active first-person imperfect plural)
widmo (active first-person plural preterite)
windetesi (active plural present second-person)
windestē (active imperfect plural second-person)
wisse (active plural preterite second-person)
windonti (active plural present third-person)
windento (active imperfect plural third-person)
widars (active plural preterite third-person)
weitsū (active first-person present singular subjunctive)
weitsesi (active present second-person singular subjunctive)
winde (active imperative second-person singular)
weitseti (active present singular subjunctive third-person)
windetou (active imperative singular third-person)
weitsomosi (active first-person plural present subjunctive)
windomos (active first-person imperative plural)
weitsetesi (active plural present second-person subjunctive)
windete (active imperative plural second-person)
weitsonti (active plural present subjunctive third-person)
windontou (active imperative plural third-person)
windūr (first-person passive present singular)
widra (first-person passive preterite singular)
windetar (passive present second-person singular)
widras? (passive preterite second-person singular)
windetor (passive present singular third-person)
widre (passive preterite singular third-person)
windommor (first-person passive plural present)
windedwe (passive plural present second-person)
windontor (passive plural present third-person)
weitsūr (first-person passive present singular subjunctive)
weitsetar (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
weitsetor (passive present singular subjunctive third-person)
weitsommor (first-person passive plural present subjunctive)
weitsedwe (passive plural present second-person subjunctive)
weitsontor (passive plural present subjunctive third-person)
windonts (nominative singular)
windonte (dual nominative)
windontes (nominative plural)
windonts (singular vocative)
windonte (dual vocative)
windontes (plural vocative)
windontam (accusative singular)
windonte (accusative dual)
windontans (accusative plural)
windantos (genitive singular)
windantom (genitive plural)
windantei (dative singular)
windantbom (dative dual)
windantbos (dative plural)
windantī? (instrumental singular)
windantbim (dual instrumental)
windantbis (instrumental plural)
windantī (nominative singular)
windantī (dual nominative)
windantiyās (nominative plural)
windantī (singular vocative)
windantī (dual vocative)
windantiyās (plural vocative)
windantīm (accusative singular)
windantī (accusative dual)
windantiyans (accusative plural)
windantyās (genitive singular)
windantyom (genitive plural)
windantyāi (dative singular)
windantyābom (dative dual)
windantyābos (dative plural)
windantyābim (dual instrumental)
windantyābis (instrumental plural)
windont (nominative singular)
windonta (nominative plural)
windont (singular vocative)
windonta (plural vocative)
windont (accusative singular)
windonta (accusative plural)
wissos (nominative singular)
wissou (dual nominative)
wissoi (nominative plural)
wisse (singular vocative)
wissou (dual vocative)
wissoi (plural vocative)
wissom (accusative singular)
wissou (accusative dual)
wissons (accusative plural)
wissī (genitive singular)
wissous (dual genitive)
wissom (genitive plural)
wissūi (dative singular)
wissobom (dative dual)
wissobos (dative plural)
wissū (instrumental singular)
wissobim (dual instrumental)
wissobis (instrumental plural)
wissā (nominative singular)
wissai (dual nominative)
wissās (nominative plural)
wissā (singular vocative)
wissai (dual vocative)
wissās (plural vocative)
wissam (accusative singular)
wissai (accusative dual)
wissans (accusative plural)
wissās (genitive singular)
wissai (dative singular)
wissābom (dative dual)
wissābos (dative plural)
wissābim (dual instrumental)
wissābis (instrumental plural)
wissom (nominative singular)
wissā (nominative plural)
wissom (singular vocative)
wissā (plural vocative)
wissā (accusative plural)

desctree

Proto-Brythonic: *gwɨbod (finite forms)
Old Breton: gudbut
Middle Breton: gouzuout
Breton: gouzout
Old Cornish: godbod
Middle Cornish: godhvos
Cornish: godhvos/goffos
Middle Welsh: gwybot
Welsh: gwybod

Old Irish: ro·finnadar
Middle Irish: finnaid
Irish: fionn
Irish: feadair (from perfect conjunct ·fitir)

Derived from Proto-Indo-European *weyd- (“to know”), more specifically via a nasal present *wi-né-d-ti ~ *wi-n-d-énti. The preterite in particular is from the unreduplicated stative *wóyd-e ~ *wid-ḗr.


winīti

winīmi (active first-person present singular)
winamam (active first-person imperfect singular)
wiwīsū (active first-person future singular)
wiwa (active first-person preterite singular)
winīsi (active present second-person singular)
winatās (active imperfect second-person singular)
wiwīsesi (active future second-person singular)
wiwas? (active preterite second-person singular)
winīti (active present singular third-person)
winato (active imperfect singular third-person)
wiwīseti (active future singular third-person)
wiwe (active preterite singular third-person)
winamosi (active first-person plural present)
winamo (active first-person imperfect plural)
wiwīsomosi (active first-person future plural)
wiwmo (active first-person plural preterite)
winatesi (active plural present second-person)
winastē (active imperfect plural second-person)
wiwīsetesi (active future plural second-person)
wiwe (active plural preterite second-person)
winenti (active plural present third-person)
winanto (active imperfect plural third-person)
wiwīsonti (active future plural third-person)
wiwars (active plural preterite third-person)
weyasū (active first-person present singular subjunctive)
weyasesi (active present second-person singular subjunctive)
winī (active imperative second-person singular)
weyaseti (active present singular subjunctive third-person)
winītou (active imperative singular third-person)
weyasomosi (active first-person plural present subjunctive)
winamos (active first-person imperative plural)
weyasetesi (active plural present second-person subjunctive)
winate (active imperative plural second-person)
weyasonti (active plural present subjunctive third-person)
winentou (active imperative plural third-person)
winīr (first-person passive present singular)
wiwīsūr (first-person future passive singular)
wiwra (first-person passive preterite singular)
winītar (passive present second-person singular)
wiwīsetar (future passive second-person singular)
wiwras? (passive preterite second-person singular)
winītor (passive present singular third-person)
wiwīsetor (future passive singular third-person)
wiwre (passive preterite singular third-person)
winammor (first-person passive plural present)
wiwīsommor (first-person future passive plural)
winadwe (passive plural present second-person)
wiwīsedwe (future passive plural second-person)
winentor (passive plural present third-person)
wiwīsontor (future passive plural third-person)
weyasūr (first-person passive present singular subjunctive)
weyasetar (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
weyasetor (passive present singular subjunctive third-person)
weyasommor (first-person passive plural present subjunctive)
weyasedwe (passive plural present second-person subjunctive)
weyasontor (passive plural present subjunctive third-person)
winonts (nominative singular)
winonte (dual nominative)
winontes (nominative plural)
winonts (singular vocative)
winonte (dual vocative)
winontes (plural vocative)
winontam (accusative singular)
winonte (accusative dual)
winontans (accusative plural)
winantos (genitive singular)
winantom (genitive plural)
winantei (dative singular)
winantbom (dative dual)
winantbos (dative plural)
winantī? (instrumental singular)
winantbim (dual instrumental)
winantbis (instrumental plural)
winantī (nominative singular)
winantī (dual nominative)
winantiyās (nominative plural)
winantī (singular vocative)
winantī (dual vocative)
winantiyās (plural vocative)
winantīm (accusative singular)
winantī (accusative dual)
winantiyans (accusative plural)
winantyās (genitive singular)
winantyom (genitive plural)
winantyāi (dative singular)
winantyābom (dative dual)
winantyābos (dative plural)
winantyābim (dual instrumental)
winantyābis (instrumental plural)
winont (nominative singular)
winonta (nominative plural)
winont (singular vocative)
winonta (plural vocative)
winont (accusative singular)
winonta (accusative plural)
wītos (nominative singular)
wītou (dual nominative)
wītoi (nominative plural)
wīte (singular vocative)
wītou (dual vocative)
wītoi (plural vocative)
wītom (accusative singular)
wītou (accusative dual)
wītons (accusative plural)
wītī (genitive singular)
wītous (dual genitive)
wītom (genitive plural)
wītūi (dative singular)
wītobom (dative dual)
wītobos (dative plural)
wītū (instrumental singular)
wītobim (dual instrumental)
wītobis (instrumental plural)
wītā (nominative singular)
wītai (dual nominative)
wītās (nominative plural)
wītā (singular vocative)
wītai (dual vocative)
wītās (plural vocative)
wītam (accusative singular)
wītai (accusative dual)
wītans (accusative plural)
wītās (genitive singular)
wītai (dative singular)
wītābom (dative dual)
wītābos (dative plural)
wītābim (dual instrumental)
wītābis (instrumental plural)
wītom (nominative singular)
wītā (nominative plural)
wītom (singular vocative)
wītā (plural vocative)
wītā (accusative plural)

desc

⇒ Old Irish: ar·fen, ad·fen, for·fen, imm·fen

From Proto-Indo-European *wyeh₁- (“to weave, twist”).


taryeti

taryū (active first-person present singular)
taryemam (active first-person imperfect singular)
taryesi (active present second-person singular)
taryetās (active imperfect second-person singular)
taryeti (active present singular third-person)
taryeto (active imperfect singular third-person)
taryomosi (active first-person plural present)
taryemo (active first-person imperfect plural)
taryetesi (active plural present second-person)
taryestē (active imperfect plural second-person)
taryonti (active plural present third-person)
taryento (active imperfect plural third-person)
tarye (active imperative second-person singular)
taryetou (active imperative singular third-person)
taryomos (active first-person imperative plural)
taryete (active imperative plural second-person)
taryontou (active imperative plural third-person)
taryūr (first-person passive present singular)
taryetar (passive present second-person singular)
taryetor (passive present singular third-person)
taryommor (first-person passive plural present)
taryedwe (passive plural present second-person)
taryontor (passive plural present third-person)
taryonts (nominative singular)
taryonte (dual nominative)
taryontes (nominative plural)
taryonts (singular vocative)
taryonte (dual vocative)
taryontes (plural vocative)
taryontam (accusative singular)
taryonte (accusative dual)
taryontans (accusative plural)
taryantos (genitive singular)
taryantom (genitive plural)
taryantei (dative singular)
taryantbom (dative dual)
taryantbos (dative plural)
taryantī? (instrumental singular)
taryantbim (dual instrumental)
taryantbis (instrumental plural)
taryantī (nominative singular)
taryantī (dual nominative)
taryantiyās (nominative plural)
taryantī (singular vocative)
taryantī (dual vocative)
taryantiyās (plural vocative)
taryantīm (accusative singular)
taryantī (accusative dual)
taryantiyans (accusative plural)
taryantyās (genitive singular)
taryantyom (genitive plural)
taryantyāi (dative singular)
taryantyābom (dative dual)
taryantyābos (dative plural)
taryantyābim (dual instrumental)
taryantyābis (instrumental plural)
taryont (nominative singular)
taryonta (nominative plural)
taryont (singular vocative)
taryonta (plural vocative)
taryont (accusative singular)
taryonta (accusative plural)

Proto-Brythonic: *tėrðɨd

Old Breton: tardom

Middle Breton: tarza

Breton: tarzhañ

Middle Cornish: tardha

Middle Welsh: tarðu

Welsh: tarddu

From Proto-Indo-European *terh₂- (“to cross”), although Matasović struggles to understand the semantic pathway.


tendeti

tendū (active first-person present singular)
tendemam (active first-person imperfect singular)
titantsū (active first-person future singular)
tetonda (active first-person preterite singular)
tendesi (active present second-person singular)
tendetās (active imperfect second-person singular)
titantsesi (active future second-person singular)
tetondas? (active preterite second-person singular)
tendeti (active present singular third-person)
tendeto (active imperfect singular third-person)
titantseti (active future singular third-person)
tetonde (active preterite singular third-person)
tendomosi (active first-person plural present)
tendemo (active first-person imperfect plural)
titantsomosi (active first-person future plural)
tetondmo (active first-person plural preterite)
tendetesi (active plural present second-person)
tendestē (active imperfect plural second-person)
titantsetesi (active future plural second-person)
tetonsse (active plural preterite second-person)
tendonti (active plural present third-person)
tendento (active imperfect plural third-person)
titantsonti (active future plural third-person)
tetondars (active plural preterite third-person)
tentsū (active first-person present singular subjunctive)
tentsesi (active present second-person singular subjunctive)
tende (active imperative second-person singular)
tentseti (active present singular subjunctive third-person)
tendetou (active imperative singular third-person)
tentsomosi (active first-person plural present subjunctive)
tendomos (active first-person imperative plural)
tentsetesi (active plural present second-person subjunctive)
tendete (active imperative plural second-person)
tentsonti (active plural present subjunctive third-person)
tendontou (active imperative plural third-person)
tendūr (first-person passive present singular)
titantsūr (first-person future passive singular)
tetondra (first-person passive preterite singular)
tendetar (passive present second-person singular)
titantsetar (future passive second-person singular)
tetondras? (passive preterite second-person singular)
tendetor (passive present singular third-person)
titantsetor (future passive singular third-person)
tetondre (passive preterite singular third-person)
tendommor (first-person passive plural present)
titantsommor (first-person future passive plural)
tendedwe (passive plural present second-person)
titantsedwe (future passive plural second-person)
tendontor (passive plural present third-person)
titantsontor (future passive plural third-person)
tentsūr (first-person passive present singular subjunctive)
tentsetar (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
tentsetor (passive present singular subjunctive third-person)
tentsommor (first-person passive plural present subjunctive)
tentsedwe (passive plural present second-person subjunctive)
tentsontor (passive plural present subjunctive third-person)
tendonts (nominative singular)
tendonte (dual nominative)
tendontes (nominative plural)
tendonts (singular vocative)
tendonte (dual vocative)
tendontes (plural vocative)
tendontam (accusative singular)
tendonte (accusative dual)
tendontans (accusative plural)
tendantos (genitive singular)
tendantom (genitive plural)
tendantei (dative singular)
tendantbom (dative dual)
tendantbos (dative plural)
tendantī? (instrumental singular)
tendantbim (dual instrumental)
tendantbis (instrumental plural)
tendantī (nominative singular)
tendantī (dual nominative)
tendantiyās (nominative plural)
tendantī (singular vocative)
tendantī (dual vocative)
tendantiyās (plural vocative)
tendantīm (accusative singular)
tendantī (accusative dual)
tendantiyans (accusative plural)
tendantyās (genitive singular)
tendantyom (genitive plural)
tendantyāi (dative singular)
tendantyābom (dative dual)
tendantyābos (dative plural)
tendantyābim (dual instrumental)
tendantyābis (instrumental plural)
tendont (nominative singular)
tendonta (nominative plural)
tendont (singular vocative)
tendonta (plural vocative)
tendont (accusative singular)
tendonta (accusative plural)
tanssos (nominative singular)
tanssou (dual nominative)
tanssoi (nominative plural)
tansse (singular vocative)
tanssou (dual vocative)
tanssoi (plural vocative)
tanssom (accusative singular)
tanssou (accusative dual)
tanssons (accusative plural)
tanssī (genitive singular)
tanssous (dual genitive)
tanssom (genitive plural)
tanssūi (dative singular)
tanssobom (dative dual)
tanssobos (dative plural)
tanssū (instrumental singular)
tanssobim (dual instrumental)
tanssobis (instrumental plural)
tanssā (nominative singular)
tanssai (dual nominative)
tanssās (nominative plural)
tanssā (singular vocative)
tanssai (dual vocative)
tanssās (plural vocative)
tanssam (accusative singular)
tanssai (accusative dual)
tanssans (accusative plural)
tanssās (genitive singular)
tanssai (dative singular)
tanssābom (dative dual)
tanssābos (dative plural)
tanssābim (dual instrumental)
tanssābis (instrumental plural)
tanssom (nominative singular)
tanssā (nominative plural)
tanssom (singular vocative)
tanssā (plural vocative)
tanssā (accusative plural)

Old Irish: teinnid

From Proto-Indo-European *tend- (“to cut”).


swannati

swannāmi (active first-person present singular)
swannamam (active first-person imperfect singular)
siswansū (active first-person future singular)
seswona (active first-person preterite singular)
swannāsi (active present second-person singular)
swannatās (active imperfect second-person singular)
siswansesi (active future second-person singular)
seswonas? (active preterite second-person singular)
swannāti (active present singular third-person)
swannato (active imperfect singular third-person)
siswanseti (active future singular third-person)
seswone (active preterite singular third-person)
swannamosi (active first-person plural present)
swannamo (active first-person imperfect plural)
siswansomosi (active first-person future plural)
seswonmo (active first-person plural preterite)
swannatesi (active plural present second-person)
swannastē (active imperfect plural second-person)
siswansetesi (active future plural second-person)
seswone (active plural preterite second-person)
swannanti (active plural present third-person)
swannanto (active imperfect plural third-person)
siswansonti (active future plural third-person)
seswonars (active plural preterite third-person)
swenū (active first-person present singular subjunctive)
swenesi (active present second-person singular subjunctive)
swannā (active imperative second-person singular)
sweneti (active present singular subjunctive third-person)
swannātou (active imperative singular third-person)
swenomosi (active first-person plural present subjunctive)
swannamos (active first-person imperative plural)
swenetesi (active plural present second-person subjunctive)
swannate (active imperative plural second-person)
swenonti (active plural present subjunctive third-person)
swannantou (active imperative plural third-person)
swannār (first-person passive present singular)
siswansūr (first-person future passive singular)
seswonra (first-person passive preterite singular)
swannātar (passive present second-person singular)
siswansetar (future passive second-person singular)
seswonras? (passive preterite second-person singular)
swannātor (passive present singular third-person)
siswansetor (future passive singular third-person)
seswonre (passive preterite singular third-person)
swannammor (first-person passive plural present)
siswansommor (first-person future passive plural)
swannadwe (passive plural present second-person)
siswansedwe (future passive plural second-person)
swannantor (passive plural present third-person)
siswansontor (future passive plural third-person)
swenūr (first-person passive present singular subjunctive)
swenetar (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
swenetor (passive present singular subjunctive third-person)
swenommor (first-person passive plural present subjunctive)
swenedwe (passive plural present second-person subjunctive)
swenontor (passive plural present subjunctive third-person)
swannonts (nominative singular)
swannonte (dual nominative)
swannontes (nominative plural)
swannonts (singular vocative)
swannonte (dual vocative)
swannontes (plural vocative)
swannontam (accusative singular)
swannonte (accusative dual)
swannontans (accusative plural)
swannantos (genitive singular)
swannantom (genitive plural)
swannantei (dative singular)
swannantbom (dative dual)
swannantbos (dative plural)
swannantī? (instrumental singular)
swannantbim (dual instrumental)
swannantbis (instrumental plural)
swannantī (nominative singular)
swannantī (dual nominative)
swannantiyās (nominative plural)
swannantī (singular vocative)
swannantī (dual vocative)
swannantiyās (plural vocative)
swannantīm (accusative singular)
swannantī (accusative dual)
swannantiyans (accusative plural)
swannantyās (genitive singular)
swannantyom (genitive plural)
swannantyāi (dative singular)
swannantyābom (dative dual)
swannantyābos (dative plural)
swannantyābim (dual instrumental)
swannantyābis (instrumental plural)
swannont (nominative singular)
swannonta (nominative plural)
swannont (singular vocative)
swannonta (plural vocative)
swannont (accusative singular)
swannonta (accusative plural)
swantos (nominative singular)
swantou (dual nominative)
swantoi (nominative plural)
swante (singular vocative)
swantou (dual vocative)
swantoi (plural vocative)
swantom (accusative singular)
swantou (accusative dual)
swantons (accusative plural)
swantī (genitive singular)
swantous (dual genitive)
swantom (genitive plural)
swantūi (dative singular)
swantobom (dative dual)
swantobos (dative plural)
swantū (instrumental singular)
swantobim (dual instrumental)
swantobis (instrumental plural)
swantā (nominative singular)
swantai (dual nominative)
swantās (nominative plural)
swantā (singular vocative)
swantai (dual vocative)
swantās (plural vocative)
swantam (accusative singular)
swantai (accusative dual)
swantans (accusative plural)
swantās (genitive singular)
swantai (dative singular)
swantābom (dative dual)
swantābos (dative plural)
swantābim (dual instrumental)
swantābis (instrumental plural)
swantom (nominative singular)
swantā (nominative plural)
swantom (singular vocative)
swantā (plural vocative)
swantā (accusative plural)

desc

Old Irish: seinnid (“to play a musical instrument”)

From a nasal present to Proto-Indo-European *swenh₂- (“to sound”).


swaryeti

swaryū (active first-person present singular)
swaryemam (active first-person imperfect singular)
siswrisū (active first-person future singular)
seswora (active first-person preterite singular)
swaryesi (active present second-person singular)
swaryetās (active imperfect second-person singular)
siswrisesi (active future second-person singular)
sesworas? (active preterite second-person singular)
swaryeti (active present singular third-person)
swaryeto (active imperfect singular third-person)
siswriseti (active future singular third-person)
seswore (active preterite singular third-person)
swaryomosi (active first-person plural present)
swaryemo (active first-person imperfect plural)
siswrisomosi (active first-person future plural)
seswormo (active first-person plural preterite)
swaryetesi (active plural present second-person)
swaryestē (active imperfect plural second-person)
siswrisetesi (active future plural second-person)
seswore (active plural preterite second-person)
swaryonti (active plural present third-person)
swaryento (active imperfect plural third-person)
siswrisonti (active future plural third-person)
sesworars (active plural preterite third-person)
swersū (active first-person present singular subjunctive)
swersesi (active present second-person singular subjunctive)
swarye (active imperative second-person singular)
swerseti (active present singular subjunctive third-person)
swaryetou (active imperative singular third-person)
swersomosi (active first-person plural present subjunctive)
swaryomos (active first-person imperative plural)
swersetesi (active plural present second-person subjunctive)
swaryete (active imperative plural second-person)
swersonti (active plural present subjunctive third-person)
swaryontou (active imperative plural third-person)
swaryūr (first-person passive present singular)
siswrisūr (first-person future passive singular)
sesworra (first-person passive preterite singular)
swaryetar (passive present second-person singular)
siswrisetar (future passive second-person singular)
sesworras? (passive preterite second-person singular)
swaryetor (passive present singular third-person)
siswrisetor (future passive singular third-person)
sesworre (passive preterite singular third-person)
swaryommor (first-person passive plural present)
siswrisommor (first-person future passive plural)
swaryedwe (passive plural present second-person)
siswrisedwe (future passive plural second-person)
swaryontor (passive plural present third-person)
siswrisontor (future passive plural third-person)
swersūr (first-person passive present singular subjunctive)
swersetar (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
swersetor (passive present singular subjunctive third-person)
swersommor (first-person passive plural present subjunctive)
swersedwe (passive plural present second-person subjunctive)
swersontor (passive plural present subjunctive third-person)
swaryonts (nominative singular)
swaryonte (dual nominative)
swaryontes (nominative plural)
swaryonts (singular vocative)
swaryonte (dual vocative)
swaryontes (plural vocative)
swaryontam (accusative singular)
swaryonte (accusative dual)
swaryontans (accusative plural)
swaryantos (genitive singular)
swaryantom (genitive plural)
swaryantei (dative singular)
swaryantbom (dative dual)
swaryantbos (dative plural)
swaryantī? (instrumental singular)
swaryantbim (dual instrumental)
swaryantbis (instrumental plural)
swaryantī (nominative singular)
swaryantī (dual nominative)
swaryantiyās (nominative plural)
swaryantī (singular vocative)
swaryantī (dual vocative)
swaryantiyās (plural vocative)
swaryantīm (accusative singular)
swaryantī (accusative dual)
swaryantiyans (accusative plural)
swaryantyās (genitive singular)
swaryantyom (genitive plural)
swaryantyāi (dative singular)
swaryantyābom (dative dual)
swaryantyābos (dative plural)
swaryantyābim (dual instrumental)
swaryantyābis (instrumental plural)
swaryont (nominative singular)
swaryonta (nominative plural)
swaryont (singular vocative)
swaryonta (plural vocative)
swaryont (accusative singular)
swaryonta (accusative plural)

Proto-Brythonic: *hwėrðɨd

desc

Middle Breton: hoarzhe (3sg. past subj.)

Breton: c’hoarzhin

Old Cornish: hwerthin

Middle Cornish: wharth (3sg. pres.)

Old Welsh: guardam (1pl. pres.)

Middle Welsh: chwerthin

Welsh: chwerthin

From Proto-Indo-European *swer- (“to sound”).


rundeti

rundū (active first-person present singular)
rundemam (active first-person imperfect singular)
rirudsū (active first-person future singular)
rīrouda (active first-person preterite singular)
rundesi (active present second-person singular)
rundetās (active imperfect second-person singular)
rirudsesi (active future second-person singular)
rīroudas? (active preterite second-person singular)
rundeti (active present singular third-person)
rundeto (active imperfect singular third-person)
rirudseti (active future singular third-person)
rīroude (active preterite singular third-person)
rundomosi (active first-person plural present)
rundemo (active first-person imperfect plural)
rirudsomosi (active first-person future plural)
rīroudmo (active first-person plural preterite)
rundetesi (active plural present second-person)
rundestē (active imperfect plural second-person)
rirudsetesi (active future plural second-person)
rīrousse (active plural preterite second-person)
rundonti (active plural present third-person)
rundento (active imperfect plural third-person)
rirudsonti (active future plural third-person)
rīroudars (active plural preterite third-person)
routsū (active first-person present singular subjunctive)
routsesi (active present second-person singular subjunctive)
runde (active imperative second-person singular)
routseti (active present singular subjunctive third-person)
rundetou (active imperative singular third-person)
routsomosi (active first-person plural present subjunctive)
rundomos (active first-person imperative plural)
routsetesi (active plural present second-person subjunctive)
rundete (active imperative plural second-person)
routsonti (active plural present subjunctive third-person)
rundontou (active imperative plural third-person)
rundūr (first-person passive present singular)
rirudsūr (first-person future passive singular)
rīroudra (first-person passive preterite singular)
rundetar (passive present second-person singular)
rirudsetar (future passive second-person singular)
rīroudras? (passive preterite second-person singular)
rundetor (passive present singular third-person)
rirudsetor (future passive singular third-person)
rīroudre (passive preterite singular third-person)
rundommor (first-person passive plural present)
rirudsommor (first-person future passive plural)
rundedwe (passive plural present second-person)
rirudsedwe (future passive plural second-person)
rundontor (passive plural present third-person)
rirudsontor (future passive plural third-person)
routsūr (first-person passive present singular subjunctive)
routsetar (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
routsetor (passive present singular subjunctive third-person)
routsommor (first-person passive plural present subjunctive)
routsedwe (passive plural present second-person subjunctive)
routsontor (passive plural present subjunctive third-person)
rundonts (nominative singular)
rundonte (dual nominative)
rundontes (nominative plural)
rundonts (singular vocative)
rundonte (dual vocative)
rundontes (plural vocative)
rundontam (accusative singular)
rundonte (accusative dual)
rundontans (accusative plural)
rundantos (genitive singular)
rundantom (genitive plural)
rundantei (dative singular)
rundantbom (dative dual)
rundantbos (dative plural)
rundantī? (instrumental singular)
rundantbim (dual instrumental)
rundantbis (instrumental plural)
rundantī (nominative singular)
rundantī (dual nominative)
rundantiyās (nominative plural)
rundantī (singular vocative)
rundantī (dual vocative)
rundantiyās (plural vocative)
rundantīm (accusative singular)
rundantī (accusative dual)
rundantiyans (accusative plural)
rundantyās (genitive singular)
rundantyom (genitive plural)
rundantyāi (dative singular)
rundantyābom (dative dual)
rundantyābos (dative plural)
rundantyābim (dual instrumental)
rundantyābis (instrumental plural)
rundont (nominative singular)
rundonta (nominative plural)
rundont (singular vocative)
rundonta (plural vocative)
rundont (accusative singular)
rundonta (accusative plural)
russos (nominative singular)
russou (dual nominative)
russoi (nominative plural)
russe (singular vocative)
russou (dual vocative)
russoi (plural vocative)
russom (accusative singular)
russou (accusative dual)
russons (accusative plural)
russī (genitive singular)
russous (dual genitive)
russom (genitive plural)
russūi (dative singular)
russobom (dative dual)
russobos (dative plural)
russū (instrumental singular)
russobim (dual instrumental)
russobis (instrumental plural)
russā (nominative singular)
russai (dual nominative)
russās (nominative plural)
russā (singular vocative)
russai (dual vocative)
russās (plural vocative)
russam (accusative singular)
russai (accusative dual)
russans (accusative plural)
russās (genitive singular)
russai (dative singular)
russābom (dative dual)
russābos (dative plural)
russābim (dual instrumental)
russābis (instrumental plural)
russom (nominative singular)
russā (nominative plural)
russom (singular vocative)
russā (plural vocative)
russā (accusative plural)

Old Irish: rondaid, ⇒ fo·roind (verbs), ruisse (from past participle)

Nasal-infix verb from Proto-Indo-European *h₁rewdʰ- (“red”).


rudīti

rudeyū (active first-person present singular)
rudīmam (active first-person imperfect singular)
rudīsi (active present second-person singular)
rudītās (active imperfect second-person singular)
rudīti (active present singular third-person)
rudīto (active imperfect singular third-person)
rudeyomosi (active first-person plural present)
rudīmo (active first-person imperfect plural)
rudītesi (active plural present second-person)
rudīstē (active imperfect plural second-person)
rudeyonti (active plural present third-person)
rudīnto (active imperfect plural third-person)
rudī (active imperative second-person singular)
rudītou (active imperative singular third-person)
rudeyomos (active first-person imperative plural)
rudīte (active imperative plural second-person)
rudeyontou (active imperative plural third-person)
rudeyūr (first-person passive present singular)
rudītar (passive present second-person singular)
rudītor (passive present singular third-person)
rudeyommor (first-person passive plural present)
rudīdwe (passive plural present second-person)
rudeyontor (passive plural present third-person)
rudeyonts (nominative singular)
rudeyonte (dual nominative)
rudeyontes (nominative plural)
rudeyonts (singular vocative)
rudeyonte (dual vocative)
rudeyontes (plural vocative)
rudeyontam (accusative singular)
rudeyonte (accusative dual)
rudeyontans (accusative plural)
rudeyantos (genitive singular)
rudeyantom (genitive plural)
rudeyantei (dative singular)
rudeyantbom (dative dual)
rudeyantbos (dative plural)
rudeyantī? (instrumental singular)
rudeyantbim (dual instrumental)
rudeyantbis (instrumental plural)
rudeyantī (nominative singular)
rudeyantī (dual nominative)
rudeyantiyās (nominative plural)
rudeyantī (singular vocative)
rudeyantī (dual vocative)
rudeyantiyās (plural vocative)
rudeyantīm (accusative singular)
rudeyantī (accusative dual)
rudeyantiyans (accusative plural)
rudeyantyās (genitive singular)
rudeyantyom (genitive plural)
rudeyantyāi (dative singular)
rudeyantyābom (dative dual)
rudeyantyābos (dative plural)
rudeyantyābim (dual instrumental)
rudeyantyābis (instrumental plural)
rudeyont (nominative singular)
rudeyonta (nominative plural)
rudeyont (singular vocative)
rudeyonta (plural vocative)
rudeyont (accusative singular)
rudeyonta (accusative plural)

Old Irish: ruidid

From Proto-Indo-European *h₁rudʰéh₁ti (“to be red”), a stative formation from *h₁rewdʰ- (“red”). Exact cognates include Latin rubeō and Proto-Slavic *rъděti.


uɸostarnāti

uɸstarnāmi (active first-person present singular)
uɸstarnamam (active first-person imperfect singular)
uɸosistrāsū (active first-person future singular)
uɸostiram (active first-person preterite singular)
uɸstarnāsi (active present second-person singular)
uɸstarnatās (active imperfect second-person singular)
uɸosistrāsesi (active future second-person singular)
uɸostirs (active preterite second-person singular)
uɸstarnāti (active present singular third-person)
uɸstarnato (active imperfect singular third-person)
uɸosistrāseti (active future singular third-person)
uɸostirt (active preterite singular third-person)
uɸstarnamosi (active first-person plural present)
uɸstarnamo (active first-person imperfect plural)
uɸosistrāsomosi (active first-person future plural)
uɸostirme (active first-person plural preterite)
uɸstarnatesi (active plural present second-person)
uɸstarnastē (active imperfect plural second-person)
uɸosistrāsetesi (active future plural second-person)
uɸostirte (active plural preterite second-person)
uɸstarnonti (active plural present third-person)
uɸstarnanto (active imperfect plural third-person)
uɸosistrāsonti (active future plural third-person)
uɸostirant (active plural preterite third-person)
uɸosterasū (active first-person present singular subjunctive)
uɸosterasesi (active present second-person singular subjunctive)
uɸstarnā (active imperative second-person singular)
uɸosteraseti (active present singular subjunctive third-person)
uɸstarnātou (active imperative singular third-person)
uɸosterasomosi (active first-person plural present subjunctive)
uɸstarnamos (active first-person imperative plural)
uɸosterasetesi (active plural present second-person subjunctive)
uɸstarnate (active imperative plural second-person)
uɸosterasonti (active plural present subjunctive third-person)
uɸstarnontou (active imperative plural third-person)
uɸstarnār (first-person passive present singular)
uɸosistrāsūr (first-person future passive singular)
uɸstarnātar (passive present second-person singular)
uɸosistrāsetar (future passive second-person singular)
uɸstarnātor (passive present singular third-person)
uɸosistrāsetor (future passive singular third-person)
uɸstarnammor (first-person passive plural present)
uɸosistrāsommor (first-person future passive plural)
uɸstarnadwe (passive plural present second-person)
uɸosistrāsedwe (future passive plural second-person)
uɸstarnontor (passive plural present third-person)
uɸosistrāsontor (future passive plural third-person)
uɸostiranto (passive plural preterite third-person)
uɸosterasūr (first-person passive present singular subjunctive)
uɸosterasetar (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
uɸosterasetor (passive present singular subjunctive third-person)
uɸosterasommor (first-person passive plural present subjunctive)
uɸosterasedwe (passive plural present second-person subjunctive)
uɸosterasontor (passive plural present subjunctive third-person)
uɸstarnonts (nominative singular)
uɸstarnonte (dual nominative)
uɸstarnontes (nominative plural)
uɸstarnonts (singular vocative)
uɸstarnonte (dual vocative)
uɸstarnontes (plural vocative)
uɸstarnontam (accusative singular)
uɸstarnonte (accusative dual)
uɸstarnontans (accusative plural)
uɸstarnantos (genitive singular)
uɸstarnantom (genitive plural)
uɸstarnantei (dative singular)
uɸstarnantbom (dative dual)
uɸstarnantbos (dative plural)
uɸstarnantī? (instrumental singular)
uɸstarnantbim (dual instrumental)
uɸstarnantbis (instrumental plural)
uɸstarnantī (nominative singular)
uɸstarnantī (dual nominative)
uɸstarnantiyās (nominative plural)
uɸstarnantī (singular vocative)
uɸstarnantī (dual vocative)
uɸstarnantiyās (plural vocative)
uɸstarnantīm (accusative singular)
uɸstarnantī (accusative dual)
uɸstarnantiyans (accusative plural)
uɸstarnantyās (genitive singular)
uɸstarnantyom (genitive plural)
uɸstarnantyāi (dative singular)
uɸstarnantyābom (dative dual)
uɸstarnantyābos (dative plural)
uɸstarnantyābim (dual instrumental)
uɸstarnantyābis (instrumental plural)
uɸstarnont (nominative singular)
uɸstarnonta (nominative plural)
uɸstarnont (singular vocative)
uɸstarnonta (plural vocative)
uɸstarnont (accusative singular)
uɸstarnonta (accusative plural)
uɸostrātos (nominative singular)
uɸostrātou (dual nominative)
uɸostrātoi (nominative plural)
uɸostrāte (singular vocative)
uɸostrātou (dual vocative)
uɸostrātoi (plural vocative)
uɸostrātom (accusative singular)
uɸostrātou (accusative dual)
uɸostrātons (accusative plural)
uɸostrātī (genitive singular)
uɸostrātous (dual genitive)
uɸostrātom (genitive plural)
uɸostrātūi (dative singular)
uɸostrātobom (dative dual)
uɸostrātobos (dative plural)
uɸostrātū (instrumental singular)
uɸostrātobim (dual instrumental)
uɸostrātobis (instrumental plural)
uɸostrātā (nominative singular)
uɸostrātai (dual nominative)
uɸostrātās (nominative plural)
uɸostrātā (singular vocative)
uɸostrātai (dual vocative)
uɸostrātās (plural vocative)
uɸostrātam (accusative singular)
uɸostrātai (accusative dual)
uɸostrātans (accusative plural)
uɸostrātās (genitive singular)
uɸostrātai (dative singular)
uɸostrātābom (dative dual)
uɸostrātābos (dative plural)
uɸostrātābim (dual instrumental)
uɸostrātābis (instrumental plural)
uɸostrātom (nominative singular)
uɸostrātā (nominative plural)
uɸostrātom (singular vocative)
uɸostrātā (plural vocative)
uɸostrātā (accusative plural)

Proto-Brythonic:

Middle Welsh: gwassarnu

Welsh: gwasarnu, gosarnu

Old Irish: fo·sern

From *uɸo- (“under”) + *starnāti (“to strew”).


kʷareti

kʷarū (active first-person present singular)
kʷaremam (active first-person imperfect singular)
kʷikʷrissū (active first-person future singular)
kʷaresi (active present second-person singular)
kʷaretās (active imperfect second-person singular)
kʷikʷrissesi (active future second-person singular)
kʷareti (active present singular third-person)
kʷareto (active imperfect singular third-person)
kʷikʷrisseti (active future singular third-person)
kʷaromosi (active first-person plural present)
kʷaremo (active first-person imperfect plural)
kʷikʷrissomosi (active first-person future plural)
kʷaretesi (active plural present second-person)
kʷarestē (active imperfect plural second-person)
kʷikʷrissetesi (active future plural second-person)
kʷaronti (active plural present third-person)
kʷarento (active imperfect plural third-person)
kʷikʷrissonti (active future plural third-person)
kʷersū (active first-person present singular subjunctive)
kʷersesi (active present second-person singular subjunctive)
kʷare (active imperative second-person singular)
kʷerseti (active present singular subjunctive third-person)
kʷaretou (active imperative singular third-person)
kʷersomosi (active first-person plural present subjunctive)
kʷaromos (active first-person imperative plural)
kʷersetesi (active plural present second-person subjunctive)
kʷarete (active imperative plural second-person)
kʷersonti (active plural present subjunctive third-person)
kʷarontou (active imperative plural third-person)
kʷarūr (first-person passive present singular)
kʷikʷrissūr (first-person future passive singular)
kʷaretar (passive present second-person singular)
kʷikʷrissetar (future passive second-person singular)
kʷaretor (passive present singular third-person)
kʷikʷrissetor (future passive singular third-person)
kʷarommor (first-person passive plural present)
kʷikʷrissommor (first-person future passive plural)
kʷaredwe (passive plural present second-person)
kʷikʷrissedwe (future passive plural second-person)
kʷarontor (passive plural present third-person)
kʷikʷrissontor (future passive plural third-person)
kʷersūr (first-person passive present singular subjunctive)
kʷersetar (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
kʷersetor (passive present singular subjunctive third-person)
kʷersommor (first-person passive plural present subjunctive)
kʷersedwe (passive plural present second-person subjunctive)
kʷersontor (passive plural present subjunctive third-person)
kʷaronts (nominative singular)
kʷaronte (dual nominative)
kʷarontes (nominative plural)
kʷaronts (singular vocative)
kʷaronte (dual vocative)
kʷarontes (plural vocative)
kʷarontam (accusative singular)
kʷaronte (accusative dual)
kʷarontans (accusative plural)
kʷarantos (genitive singular)
kʷarantom (genitive plural)
kʷarantei (dative singular)
kʷarantbom (dative dual)
kʷarantbos (dative plural)
kʷarantī? (instrumental singular)
kʷarantbim (dual instrumental)
kʷarantbis (instrumental plural)
kʷarantī (nominative singular)
kʷarantī (dual nominative)
kʷarantiyās (nominative plural)
kʷarantī (singular vocative)
kʷarantī (dual vocative)
kʷarantiyās (plural vocative)
kʷarantīm (accusative singular)
kʷarantī (accusative dual)
kʷarantiyans (accusative plural)
kʷarantyās (genitive singular)
kʷarantyom (genitive plural)
kʷarantyāi (dative singular)
kʷarantyābom (dative dual)
kʷarantyābos (dative plural)
kʷarantyābim (dual instrumental)
kʷarantyābis (instrumental plural)
kʷaront (nominative singular)
kʷaronta (nominative plural)
kʷaront (singular vocative)
kʷaronta (plural vocative)
kʷaront (accusative singular)
kʷaronta (accusative plural)
kʷritos (nominative singular)
kʷritou (dual nominative)
kʷritoi (nominative plural)
kʷrite (singular vocative)
kʷritou (dual vocative)
kʷritoi (plural vocative)
kʷritom (accusative singular)
kʷritou (accusative dual)
kʷritons (accusative plural)
kʷritī (genitive singular)
kʷritous (dual genitive)
kʷritom (genitive plural)
kʷritūi (dative singular)
kʷritobom (dative dual)
kʷritobos (dative plural)
kʷritū (instrumental singular)
kʷritobim (dual instrumental)
kʷritobis (instrumental plural)
kʷritā (nominative singular)
kʷritai (dual nominative)
kʷritās (nominative plural)
kʷritā (singular vocative)
kʷritai (dual vocative)
kʷritās (plural vocative)
kʷritam (accusative singular)
kʷritai (accusative dual)
kʷritans (accusative plural)
kʷritās (genitive singular)
kʷritai (dative singular)
kʷritābom (dative dual)
kʷritābos (dative plural)
kʷritābim (dual instrumental)
kʷritābis (instrumental plural)
kʷritom (nominative singular)
kʷritā (nominative plural)
kʷritom (singular vocative)
kʷritā (plural vocative)
kʷritā (accusative plural)

Proto-Brythonic: *pėrɨd

⇒ Old Breton: ampar

Middle Breton: paraff

Breton: parañ

Middle Welsh: peri

Welsh: peri

From Proto-Indo-European *kʷer- (“to make”).

Helmut Rix
Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben


tigeti

tigū (active first-person present singular)
tigemam (active first-person imperfect singular)
titixsū (active first-person future singular)
titoiga (active first-person preterite singular)
tigesi (active present second-person singular)
tigetās (active imperfect second-person singular)
titixsesi (active future second-person singular)
titoigas? (active preterite second-person singular)
tigeti (active present singular third-person)
tigeto (active imperfect singular third-person)
titixseti (active future singular third-person)
titoige (active preterite singular third-person)
tigomosi (active first-person plural present)
tigemo (active first-person imperfect plural)
titixsomosi (active first-person future plural)
titoigmo (active first-person plural preterite)
tigetesi (active plural present second-person)
tigestē (active imperfect plural second-person)
titixsetesi (active future plural second-person)
titoixte (active plural preterite second-person)
tigonti (active plural present third-person)
tigento (active imperfect plural third-person)
titixsonti (active future plural third-person)
titoigars (active plural preterite third-person)
teixsū (active first-person present singular subjunctive)
teixsesi (active present second-person singular subjunctive)
tige (active imperative second-person singular)
teixseti (active present singular subjunctive third-person)
tigetou (active imperative singular third-person)
teixsomosi (active first-person plural present subjunctive)
tigomos (active first-person imperative plural)
teixsetesi (active plural present second-person subjunctive)
tigete (active imperative plural second-person)
teixsonti (active plural present subjunctive third-person)
tigontou (active imperative plural third-person)
tigūr (first-person passive present singular)
titixsūr (first-person future passive singular)
titoigra (first-person passive preterite singular)
tigetar (passive present second-person singular)
titixsetar (future passive second-person singular)
titoigras? (passive preterite second-person singular)
tigetor (passive present singular third-person)
titixsetor (future passive singular third-person)
titoigre (passive preterite singular third-person)
tigommor (first-person passive plural present)
titixsommor (first-person future passive plural)
tigedwe (passive plural present second-person)
titixsedwe (future passive plural second-person)
tigontor (passive plural present third-person)
titixsontor (future passive plural third-person)
teixsūr (first-person passive present singular subjunctive)
teixsetar (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
teixsetor (passive present singular subjunctive third-person)
teixsommor (first-person passive plural present subjunctive)
teixsedwe (passive plural present second-person subjunctive)
teixsontor (passive plural present subjunctive third-person)
tigonts (nominative singular)
tigonte (dual nominative)
tigontes (nominative plural)
tigonts (singular vocative)
tigonte (dual vocative)
tigontes (plural vocative)
tigontam (accusative singular)
tigonte (accusative dual)
tigontans (accusative plural)
tigantos (genitive singular)
tigantom (genitive plural)
tigantei (dative singular)
tigantbom (dative dual)
tigantbos (dative plural)
tigantī? (instrumental singular)
tigantbim (dual instrumental)
tigantbis (instrumental plural)
tigantī (nominative singular)
tigantī (dual nominative)
tigantiyās (nominative plural)
tigantī (singular vocative)
tigantī (dual vocative)
tigantiyās (plural vocative)
tigantīm (accusative singular)
tigantī (accusative dual)
tigantiyans (accusative plural)
tigantyās (genitive singular)
tigantyom (genitive plural)
tigantyāi (dative singular)
tigantyābom (dative dual)
tigantyābos (dative plural)
tigantyābim (dual instrumental)
tigantyābis (instrumental plural)
tigont (nominative singular)
tigonta (nominative plural)
tigont (singular vocative)
tigonta (plural vocative)
tigont (accusative singular)
tigonta (accusative plural)
tixtos (nominative singular)
tixtou (dual nominative)
tixtoi (nominative plural)
tixte (singular vocative)
tixtou (dual vocative)
tixtoi (plural vocative)
tixtom (accusative singular)
tixtou (accusative dual)
tixtons (accusative plural)
tixtī (genitive singular)
tixtous (dual genitive)
tixtom (genitive plural)
tixtūi (dative singular)
tixtobom (dative dual)
tixtobos (dative plural)
tixtū (instrumental singular)
tixtobim (dual instrumental)
tixtobis (instrumental plural)
tixtā (nominative singular)
tixtai (dual nominative)
tixtās (nominative plural)
tixtā (singular vocative)
tixtai (dual vocative)
tixtās (plural vocative)
tixtam (accusative singular)
tixtai (accusative dual)
tixtans (accusative plural)
tixtās (genitive singular)
tixtai (dative singular)
tixtābom (dative dual)
tixtābos (dative plural)
tixtābim (dual instrumental)
tixtābis (instrumental plural)
tixtom (nominative singular)
tixtā (nominative plural)
tixtom (singular vocative)
tixtā (plural vocative)
tixtā (accusative plural)

Proto-Brythonic: *tɨɣɨd

Old Breton: tigom (verbal noun)

desc

Gaulish: tixsintor (3pl. fut. pass.), tigontias (pres. part. gen. sg. f.) (both forms in the Larzac lead tablet)

From Proto-Indo-European *(s)teyg- (“to sting”).


longīti

longeyū (active first-person present singular)
longīmam (active first-person imperfect singular)
longīsi (active present second-person singular)
longītās (active imperfect second-person singular)
longīti (active present singular third-person)
longīto (active imperfect singular third-person)
longeyomosi (active first-person plural present)
longīmo (active first-person imperfect plural)
longītesi (active plural present second-person)
longīstē (active imperfect plural second-person)
longeyonti (active plural present third-person)
longīnto (active imperfect plural third-person)
longī (active imperative second-person singular)
longītou (active imperative singular third-person)
longeyomos (active first-person imperative plural)
longīte (active imperative plural second-person)
longeyontou (active imperative plural third-person)
longeyūr (first-person passive present singular)
longītar (passive present second-person singular)
longītor (passive present singular third-person)
longeyommor (first-person passive plural present)
longīdwe (passive plural present second-person)
longeyontor (passive plural present third-person)
longeyonts (nominative singular)
longeyonte (dual nominative)
longeyontes (nominative plural)
longeyonts (singular vocative)
longeyonte (dual vocative)
longeyontes (plural vocative)
longeyontam (accusative singular)
longeyonte (accusative dual)
longeyontans (accusative plural)
longeyantos (genitive singular)
longeyantom (genitive plural)
longeyantei (dative singular)
longeyantbom (dative dual)
longeyantbos (dative plural)
longeyantī? (instrumental singular)
longeyantbim (dual instrumental)
longeyantbis (instrumental plural)
longeyantī (nominative singular)
longeyantī (dual nominative)
longeyantiyās (nominative plural)
longeyantī (singular vocative)
longeyantī (dual vocative)
longeyantiyās (plural vocative)
longeyantīm (accusative singular)
longeyantī (accusative dual)
longeyantiyans (accusative plural)
longeyantyās (genitive singular)
longeyantyom (genitive plural)
longeyantyāi (dative singular)
longeyantyābom (dative dual)
longeyantyābos (dative plural)
longeyantyābim (dual instrumental)
longeyantyābis (instrumental plural)
longeyont (nominative singular)
longeyonta (nominative plural)
longeyont (singular vocative)
longeyonta (plural vocative)
longeyont (accusative singular)
longeyonta (accusative plural)
longetos (nominative singular)
longetou (dual nominative)
longetoi (nominative plural)
longete (singular vocative)
longetou (dual vocative)
longetoi (plural vocative)
longetom (accusative singular)
longetou (accusative dual)
longetons (accusative plural)
longetī (genitive singular)
longetous (dual genitive)
longetom (genitive plural)
longetūi (dative singular)
longetobom (dative dual)
longetobos (dative plural)
longetū (instrumental singular)
longetobim (dual instrumental)
longetobis (instrumental plural)
longetā (nominative singular)
longetai (dual nominative)
longetās (nominative plural)
longetā (singular vocative)
longetai (dual vocative)
longetās (plural vocative)
longetam (accusative singular)
longetai (accusative dual)
longetans (accusative plural)
longetās (genitive singular)
longetai (dative singular)
longetābom (dative dual)
longetābos (dative plural)
longetābim (dual instrumental)
longetābis (instrumental plural)
longetom (nominative singular)
longetā (nominative plural)
longetom (singular vocative)
longetā (plural vocative)
longetā (accusative plural)

Old Irish: loingid

Middle Irish: loingid

Unknown. Connected to a root *(s)lewg- (whence also Ancient Greek λύζω (lúzō, “to hiccup”)) since Pokorny, but Jørgensen points out that comparisons in this vein do not work since in the Celtic verb, the *-n- is not a nasal infix; in fact, the *-n- belongs to its root.


togīti

togeyū (active first-person present singular)
togīmam (active first-person imperfect singular)
togīsi (active present second-person singular)
togītās (active imperfect second-person singular)
togīti (active present singular third-person)
togīto (active imperfect singular third-person)
togeyomosi (active first-person plural present)
togīmo (active first-person imperfect plural)
togītesi (active plural present second-person)
togīstē (active imperfect plural second-person)
togeyonti (active plural present third-person)
togīnto (active imperfect plural third-person)
togī (active imperative second-person singular)
togītou (active imperative singular third-person)
togeyomos (active first-person imperative plural)
togīte (active imperative plural second-person)
togeyontou (active imperative plural third-person)
togeyūr (first-person passive present singular)
togītar (passive present second-person singular)
togītor (passive present singular third-person)
togeyommor (first-person passive plural present)
togīdwe (passive plural present second-person)
togeyontor (passive plural present third-person)
togeyonts (nominative singular)
togeyonte (dual nominative)
togeyontes (nominative plural)
togeyonts (singular vocative)
togeyonte (dual vocative)
togeyontes (plural vocative)
togeyontam (accusative singular)
togeyonte (accusative dual)
togeyontans (accusative plural)
togeyantos (genitive singular)
togeyantom (genitive plural)
togeyantei (dative singular)
togeyantbom (dative dual)
togeyantbos (dative plural)
togeyantī? (instrumental singular)
togeyantbim (dual instrumental)
togeyantbis (instrumental plural)
togeyantī (nominative singular)
togeyantī (dual nominative)
togeyantiyās (nominative plural)
togeyantī (singular vocative)
togeyantī (dual vocative)
togeyantiyās (plural vocative)
togeyantīm (accusative singular)
togeyantī (accusative dual)
togeyantiyans (accusative plural)
togeyantyās (genitive singular)
togeyantyom (genitive plural)
togeyantyāi (dative singular)
togeyantyābom (dative dual)
togeyantyābos (dative plural)
togeyantyābim (dual instrumental)
togeyantyābis (instrumental plural)
togeyont (nominative singular)
togeyonta (nominative plural)
togeyont (singular vocative)
togeyonta (plural vocative)
togeyont (accusative singular)
togeyonta (accusative plural)
togetos (nominative singular)
togetou (dual nominative)
togetoi (nominative plural)
togete (singular vocative)
togetou (dual vocative)
togetoi (plural vocative)
togetom (accusative singular)
togetou (accusative dual)
togetons (accusative plural)
togetī (genitive singular)
togetous (dual genitive)
togetom (genitive plural)
togetūi (dative singular)
togetobom (dative dual)
togetobos (dative plural)
togetū (instrumental singular)
togetobim (dual instrumental)
togetobis (instrumental plural)
togetā (nominative singular)
togetai (dual nominative)
togetās (nominative plural)
togetā (singular vocative)
togetai (dual vocative)
togetās (plural vocative)
togetam (accusative singular)
togetai (accusative dual)
togetans (accusative plural)
togetās (genitive singular)
togetai (dative singular)
togetābom (dative dual)
togetābos (dative plural)
togetābim (dual instrumental)
togetābis (instrumental plural)
togetom (nominative singular)
togetā (nominative plural)
togetom (singular vocative)
togetā (plural vocative)
togetā (accusative plural)

Proto-Brythonic: *töɣid

Breton: (normalized) teiñ, (early) tei

Middle Cornish: ty

Cornish: ti (“to roof”)

Middle Welsh: toi

Welsh: toi

desc

Old Irish: tuigithir, ⇒ in·tuigethar, imm·tuigethar

Middle Irish: tuigithir

Scottish Gaelic: tugh

From Proto-Indo-European *stog-éye-ti, an o-grade iterative formed to the root *(s)teg- (“to cover”).


tolīti

toleyū (active first-person present singular)
tolīmam (active first-person imperfect singular)
tolīsi (active present second-person singular)
tolītās (active imperfect second-person singular)
tolīti (active present singular third-person)
tolīto (active imperfect singular third-person)
toleyomosi (active first-person plural present)
tolīmo (active first-person imperfect plural)
tolītesi (active plural present second-person)
tolīstē (active imperfect plural second-person)
toleyonti (active plural present third-person)
tolīnto (active imperfect plural third-person)
tolī (active imperative second-person singular)
tolītou (active imperative singular third-person)
toleyomos (active first-person imperative plural)
tolīte (active imperative plural second-person)
toleyontou (active imperative plural third-person)
toleyūr (first-person passive present singular)
tolītar (passive present second-person singular)
tolītor (passive present singular third-person)
toleyommor (first-person passive plural present)
tolīdwe (passive plural present second-person)
toleyontor (passive plural present third-person)
toleyonts (nominative singular)
toleyonte (dual nominative)
toleyontes (nominative plural)
toleyonts (singular vocative)
toleyonte (dual vocative)
toleyontes (plural vocative)
toleyontam (accusative singular)
toleyonte (accusative dual)
toleyontans (accusative plural)
toleyantos (genitive singular)
toleyantom (genitive plural)
toleyantei (dative singular)
toleyantbom (dative dual)
toleyantbos (dative plural)
toleyantī? (instrumental singular)
toleyantbim (dual instrumental)
toleyantbis (instrumental plural)
toleyantī (nominative singular)
toleyantī (dual nominative)
toleyantiyās (nominative plural)
toleyantī (singular vocative)
toleyantī (dual vocative)
toleyantiyās (plural vocative)
toleyantīm (accusative singular)
toleyantī (accusative dual)
toleyantiyans (accusative plural)
toleyantyās (genitive singular)
toleyantyom (genitive plural)
toleyantyāi (dative singular)
toleyantyābom (dative dual)
toleyantyābos (dative plural)
toleyantyābim (dual instrumental)
toleyantyābis (instrumental plural)
toleyont (nominative singular)
toleyonta (nominative plural)
toleyont (singular vocative)
toleyonta (plural vocative)
toleyont (accusative singular)
toleyonta (accusative plural)

Old Irish: *tuilid

Middle Irish: tuilid

desctree

⇒ Old Irish: con·tuili
Middle Irish: cotlaid
Irish: codail
Manx: cadley
Scottish Gaelic: cadail, caidil

From Proto-Indo-European *(s)telH- (“to be silent, still”); more specifically, an o-grade causative/iterative formation also seen in Proto-Slavic *toliti (“to calm, soothe”).


ɸougīti

ɸougeyū (active first-person present singular)
ɸougīmam (active first-person imperfect singular)
ɸougīsi (active present second-person singular)
ɸougītās (active imperfect second-person singular)
ɸougīti (active present singular third-person)
ɸougīto (active imperfect singular third-person)
ɸougeyomosi (active first-person plural present)
ɸougīmo (active first-person imperfect plural)
ɸougītesi (active plural present second-person)
ɸougīstē (active imperfect plural second-person)
ɸougeyonti (active plural present third-person)
ɸougīnto (active imperfect plural third-person)
ɸougī (active imperative second-person singular)
ɸougītou (active imperative singular third-person)
ɸougeyomos (active first-person imperative plural)
ɸougīte (active imperative plural second-person)
ɸougeyontou (active imperative plural third-person)
ɸougeyūr (first-person passive present singular)
ɸougītar (passive present second-person singular)
ɸougītor (passive present singular third-person)
ɸougeyommor (first-person passive plural present)
ɸougīdwe (passive plural present second-person)
ɸougeyontor (passive plural present third-person)
ɸougeyonts (nominative singular)
ɸougeyonte (dual nominative)
ɸougeyontes (nominative plural)
ɸougeyonts (singular vocative)
ɸougeyonte (dual vocative)
ɸougeyontes (plural vocative)
ɸougeyontam (accusative singular)
ɸougeyonte (accusative dual)
ɸougeyontans (accusative plural)
ɸougeyantos (genitive singular)
ɸougeyantom (genitive plural)
ɸougeyantei (dative singular)
ɸougeyantbom (dative dual)
ɸougeyantbos (dative plural)
ɸougeyantī? (instrumental singular)
ɸougeyantbim (dual instrumental)
ɸougeyantbis (instrumental plural)
ɸougeyantī (nominative singular)
ɸougeyantī (dual nominative)
ɸougeyantiyās (nominative plural)
ɸougeyantī (singular vocative)
ɸougeyantī (dual vocative)
ɸougeyantiyās (plural vocative)
ɸougeyantīm (accusative singular)
ɸougeyantī (accusative dual)
ɸougeyantiyans (accusative plural)
ɸougeyantyās (genitive singular)
ɸougeyantyom (genitive plural)
ɸougeyantyāi (dative singular)
ɸougeyantyābom (dative dual)
ɸougeyantyābos (dative plural)
ɸougeyantyābim (dual instrumental)
ɸougeyantyābis (instrumental plural)
ɸougeyont (nominative singular)
ɸougeyonta (nominative plural)
ɸougeyont (singular vocative)
ɸougeyonta (plural vocative)
ɸougeyont (accusative singular)
ɸougeyonta (accusative plural)
ɸougetos (nominative singular)
ɸougetou (dual nominative)
ɸougetoi (nominative plural)
ɸougete (singular vocative)
ɸougetou (dual vocative)
ɸougetoi (plural vocative)
ɸougetom (accusative singular)
ɸougetou (accusative dual)
ɸougetons (accusative plural)
ɸougetī (genitive singular)
ɸougetous (dual genitive)
ɸougetom (genitive plural)
ɸougetūi (dative singular)
ɸougetobom (dative dual)
ɸougetobos (dative plural)
ɸougetū (instrumental singular)
ɸougetobim (dual instrumental)
ɸougetobis (instrumental plural)
ɸougetā (nominative singular)
ɸougetai (dual nominative)
ɸougetās (nominative plural)
ɸougetā (singular vocative)
ɸougetai (dual vocative)
ɸougetās (plural vocative)
ɸougetam (accusative singular)
ɸougetai (accusative dual)
ɸougetans (accusative plural)
ɸougetās (genitive singular)
ɸougetai (dative singular)
ɸougetābom (dative dual)
ɸougetābos (dative plural)
ɸougetābim (dual instrumental)
ɸougetābis (instrumental plural)
ɸougetom (nominative singular)
ɸougetā (nominative plural)
ɸougetom (singular vocative)
ɸougetā (plural vocative)
ɸougetā (accusative plural)

Old Irish: úaigid, ⇒ con·óigi

Middle Irish: úaigid

Irish: fuaigh

Scottish Gaelic: fuaigh

⇒ Manx: fuaill (from the verbal noun)

From Proto-Indo-European *powǵ-éye-ti, an o-grade *-éyeti iterative formed to the root *pewǵ- (“to prick”).


werteti

wertū (active first-person present singular)
wertemam (active first-person imperfect singular)
wiwritsū (active first-person future singular)
weworta (active first-person preterite singular)
wertesi (active present second-person singular)
wertetās (active imperfect second-person singular)
wiwritsesi (active future second-person singular)
wewortas? (active preterite second-person singular)
werteti (active present singular third-person)
werteto (active imperfect singular third-person)
wiwritseti (active future singular third-person)
weworte (active preterite singular third-person)
wertomosi (active first-person plural present)
wertemo (active first-person imperfect plural)
wiwritsomosi (active first-person future plural)
wewortmo (active first-person plural preterite)
wertetesi (active plural present second-person)
wertestē (active imperfect plural second-person)
wiwritsetesi (active future plural second-person)
weworsse (active plural preterite second-person)
wertonti (active plural present third-person)
wertento (active imperfect plural third-person)
wiwritsonti (active future plural third-person)
wewortars (active plural preterite third-person)
wertsū (active first-person present singular subjunctive)
wertsesi (active present second-person singular subjunctive)
werte (active imperative second-person singular)
wertseti (active present singular subjunctive third-person)
wertetou (active imperative singular third-person)
wertsomosi (active first-person plural present subjunctive)
wertomos (active first-person imperative plural)
wertsetesi (active plural present second-person subjunctive)
wertete (active imperative plural second-person)
wertsonti (active plural present subjunctive third-person)
wertontou (active imperative plural third-person)
wertūr (first-person passive present singular)
wiwritsūr (first-person future passive singular)
wewortra (first-person passive preterite singular)
wertetar (passive present second-person singular)
wiwritsetar (future passive second-person singular)
wewortras? (passive preterite second-person singular)
wertetor (passive present singular third-person)
wiwritsetor (future passive singular third-person)
wewortre (passive preterite singular third-person)
wertommor (first-person passive plural present)
wiwritsommor (first-person future passive plural)
wertedwe (passive plural present second-person)
wiwritsedwe (future passive plural second-person)
wertontor (passive plural present third-person)
wiwritsontor (future passive plural third-person)
wertsūr (first-person passive present singular subjunctive)
wertsetar (passive present second-person singular subjunctive)
wertsetor (passive present singular subjunctive third-person)
wertsommor (first-person passive plural present subjunctive)
wertsedwe (passive plural present second-person subjunctive)
wertsontor (passive plural present subjunctive third-person)
wertonts (nominative singular)
wertonte (dual nominative)
wertontes (nominative plural)
wertonts (singular vocative)
wertonte (dual vocative)
wertontes (plural vocative)
wertontam (accusative singular)
wertonte (accusative dual)
wertontans (accusative plural)
wertantos (genitive singular)
wertantom (genitive plural)
wertantei (dative singular)
wertantbom (dative dual)
wertantbos (dative plural)
wertantī? (instrumental singular)
wertantbim (dual instrumental)
wertantbis (instrumental plural)
wertantī (nominative singular)
wertantī (dual nominative)
wertantiyās (nominative plural)
wertantī (singular vocative)
wertantī (dual vocative)
wertantiyās (plural vocative)
wertantīm (accusative singular)
wertantī (accusative dual)
wertantiyans (accusative plural)
wertantyās (genitive singular)
wertantyom (genitive plural)
wertantyāi (dative singular)
wertantyābom (dative dual)
wertantyābos (dative plural)
wertantyābim (dual instrumental)
wertantyābis (instrumental plural)
wertont (nominative singular)
wertonta (nominative plural)
wertont (singular vocative)
wertonta (plural vocative)
wertont (accusative singular)
wertonta (accusative plural)
wrissos (nominative singular)
wrissou (dual nominative)
wrissoi (nominative plural)
wrisse (singular vocative)
wrissou (dual vocative)
wrissoi (plural vocative)
wrissom (accusative singular)
wrissou (accusative dual)
wrissons (accusative plural)
wrissī (genitive singular)
wrissous (dual genitive)
wrissom (genitive plural)
wrissūi (dative singular)
wrissobom (dative dual)
wrissobos (dative plural)
wrissū (instrumental singular)
wrissobim (dual instrumental)
wrissobis (instrumental plural)
wrissā (nominative singular)
wrissai (dual nominative)
wrissās (nominative plural)
wrissā (singular vocative)
wrissai (dual vocative)
wrissās (plural vocative)
wrissam (accusative singular)
wrissai (accusative dual)
wrissans (accusative plural)
wrissās (genitive singular)
wrissai (dative singular)
wrissābom (dative dual)
wrissābos (dative plural)
wrissābim (dual instrumental)
wrissābis (instrumental plural)
wrissom (nominative singular)
wrissā (nominative plural)
wrissom (singular vocative)
wrissā (plural vocative)
wrissā (accusative plural)

desc

Proto-Brythonic: (shifting to mean "to sell")

Middle Breton: guerzaff

Breton: gwerzhañ

Cornish: gwertha

Middle Welsh: gwerthu

Welsh: gwerthu

⇒ Old Irish: ad·ferta (changed to a weak verb)

From Proto-Indo-European *wert- (“to turn”).

Proto-Brythonic: *gwerθOld Breton: uuertMiddle Breton: guerzBreton: gwerzhCornish: gwerthMiddle Welsh: gwerthWelsh: gwerth