See towto- in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for towto- meaning in Proto-Celtic (5.8kB)
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-bry-pro",
"2": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Brythonic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Brythonic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "obt",
"2": "tut",
"3": "tuthe",
"t": "favorable, good",
"t2": "kind of demon"
},
"expansion": "Old Breton: tut (“favorable, good”), tuthe (“kind of demon”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "possibly"
},
"expansion": "(possibly)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Old Breton: tut (“favorable, good”), tuthe (“kind of demon”) (possibly)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "túaid"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish: túaid\nIrish: thuaidh\nManx: twoaie\nScottish Gaelic: tuath",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Irish: túaid\nIrish: thuaidh\nManx: twoaie\nScottish Gaelic: tuath"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*tewH-",
"t": "to look favorably, protect, observe"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *tewH- (“to look favorably, protect, observe”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐌸𐌹𐌿𐌸",
"t": "good thing"
},
"expansion": "Gothic 𐌸𐌹𐌿𐌸 (þiuþ, “good thing”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
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"2": "tueor",
"t": "I gaze"
},
"expansion": "Latin tueor (“I gaze”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
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"2": "*þiudijaz",
"t": "kind, good, friendly"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *þiudijaz (“kind, good, friendly”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Possibly from Proto-Indo-European *tewH- (“to look favorably, protect, observe”), see also Gothic 𐌸𐌹𐌿𐌸 (þiuþ, “good thing”), Latin tueor (“I gaze”), Proto-Germanic *þiudijaz (“kind, good, friendly”).\nThe reason for the diverged meaning in Brythonic of \"good, favorable\" from \"left, north\" in Gaelic is unclear; possibly due to some sort of taboo replacement.",
"forms": [
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"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
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},
{
"form": "cel-decl-adj-o+a",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
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]
},
{
"form": "O/ā-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "towtos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "towtou",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "towtoi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "towte",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "towtou",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "towtoi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "towtom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "towtou",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "towtoms",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "towtī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "towtous",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "towtom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "towtūi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "towtobom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "towtobos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "towtū",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "towtobim",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "towtobis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "towtā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "towtai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "towtās",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "towtā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "towtai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "towtās",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "towtam",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "towtai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "towtams",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "towtās",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "towtai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "towtābom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "towtābos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "towtābim",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "towtābis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "towtom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "towtā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "towtom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "towtā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "towtā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
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"2": "adjective",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"cat2": "",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "*towto-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "towt"
},
"name": "cel-decl-adj-o+a"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Celtic",
"lang_code": "cel-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/towto-",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Celtic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"left, north"
],
"id": "en-towto--cel-pro-adj-WCfi6vYm",
"links": [
[
"left",
"left"
],
[
"north",
"north"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers"
]
}
],
"word": "towto-"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-bry-pro",
"2": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Brythonic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Brythonic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "obt",
"2": "tut",
"3": "tuthe",
"t": "favorable, good",
"t2": "kind of demon"
},
"expansion": "Old Breton: tut (“favorable, good”), tuthe (“kind of demon”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "possibly"
},
"expansion": "(possibly)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Old Breton: tut (“favorable, good”), tuthe (“kind of demon”) (possibly)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "túaid"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish: túaid\nIrish: thuaidh\nManx: twoaie\nScottish Gaelic: tuath",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Irish: túaid\nIrish: thuaidh\nManx: twoaie\nScottish Gaelic: tuath"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*tewH-",
"t": "to look favorably, protect, observe"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *tewH- (“to look favorably, protect, observe”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐌸𐌹𐌿𐌸",
"t": "good thing"
},
"expansion": "Gothic 𐌸𐌹𐌿𐌸 (þiuþ, “good thing”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "tueor",
"t": "I gaze"
},
"expansion": "Latin tueor (“I gaze”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*þiudijaz",
"t": "kind, good, friendly"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *þiudijaz (“kind, good, friendly”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Possibly from Proto-Indo-European *tewH- (“to look favorably, protect, observe”), see also Gothic 𐌸𐌹𐌿𐌸 (þiuþ, “good thing”), Latin tueor (“I gaze”), Proto-Germanic *þiudijaz (“kind, good, friendly”).\nThe reason for the diverged meaning in Brythonic of \"good, favorable\" from \"left, north\" in Gaelic is unclear; possibly due to some sort of taboo replacement.",
"forms": [
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"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
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]
},
{
"form": "cel-decl-adj-o+a",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
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]
},
{
"form": "O/ā-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "towtos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "towtou",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "towtoi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "towte",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "towtou",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "towtoi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "towtom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "towtou",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "towtoms",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "towtī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "towtous",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "towtom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "towtūi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "towtobom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "towtobos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "towtū",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "towtobim",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "towtobis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "towtā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "towtai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "towtās",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "towtā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "towtai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "towtās",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "towtam",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "towtai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "towtams",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "towtās",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "towtai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "towtābom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "towtābos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "towtābim",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "towtābis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "towtom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "towtā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "towtom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "towtā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "towtā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "adjective",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"cat2": "",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "*towto-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "towt"
},
"name": "cel-decl-adj-o+a"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Celtic",
"lang_code": "cel-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/towto-",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Proto-Celtic adjectives",
"Proto-Celtic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Celtic lemmas",
"Proto-Celtic o/ā-stem adjectives",
"Proto-Celtic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European"
],
"glosses": [
"left, north"
],
"links": [
[
"left",
"left"
],
[
"north",
"north"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers"
]
}
],
"word": "towto-"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Celtic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-31 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (91e95e7 and db5a844). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.